diff --git a/.deepspeed_env b/.deepspeed_env new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..22ab74df02 --- /dev/null +++ b/.deepspeed_env @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +NCCL_IB_DISABLE=0 +NCCL_NVLS_ENABLE=0 +NCCL_IB_GID_INDEX=3 +NCCL_IB_HCA=mlx5_0,mlx5_1,mlx5_2,mlx5_3,mlx5_8,mlx5_9,mlx5_10,mlx5_11 +NCCL_SOCKET_IFNAME=bond0 +PYTORCH_CUDA_ALLOC_CONF=expandable_segments:True +OMP_NUM_THREADS=1 diff --git a/main.py b/main.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..c082939fad --- /dev/null +++ b/main.py @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +import shutil +from pathlib import Path +from omegaconf import OmegaConf +from swift import sft_main, SftArguments, export_main, ExportArguments + + +def parse_config(path): + conf = OmegaConf.to_container(OmegaConf.load(path), resolve=True) + debug_mode = conf.pop('debug', False) + for key, value in conf.items(): + if key == 'output_dir' and debug_mode: + value = str(Path(value).with_name('temp')) + shutil.rmtree(value, ignore_errors=True) + if isinstance(value, str) and ',' in value: + conf[key] = value.split(',') + conf.pop('stage', None) + conf.pop('deepspeed', None) + conf.pop('use_liger_kernel', None) + return conf + + +if __name__ == '__main__': + # conf = parse_config('randy/demo.yaml') + # sft_main(SftArguments(**conf)) + + conf = parse_config('randy/cache_data.yaml') + export_main(ExportArguments(**conf)) diff --git a/pipeline.sh b/pipeline.sh new file mode 100755 index 0000000000..531b854f12 --- /dev/null +++ b/pipeline.sh @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +#!/bin/bash + +set_env() { + grep -q "^$1=" .deepspeed_env \ + && sed -i "s|^$1=.*|$1=$2|" .deepspeed_env \ + || echo "$1=$2" >> .deepspeed_env +} + +pdsh_run() { + hosts=$(grep -v '^\s*#' randy/hostfile | awk 'NF {print $1}' | paste -sd,) + pdsh -S -R ssh -w "$hosts" "$@" +} + +SCRIPT_DIR=$(cd "$(dirname "$0")" && pwd) +cd "$SCRIPT_DIR" || exit 1 + +pdsh_run "bash $(realpath randy/killer.sh)" + +# ./train.sh randy + +./train.sh randy/openbee/llava_4b_1.yaml +./train.sh randy/openbee/llava_4b_2.yaml +./train.sh randy/openbee/llava_4b_3.yaml +./train.sh randy/openbee/llava_4b_4.yaml + +pdsh_run "/nas_train/app.e0016372/tools/train.sh" diff --git a/randy/cache_data.yaml b/randy/cache_data.yaml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..82f2c33a22 --- /dev/null +++ b/randy/cache_data.yaml @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +### model +model: /nas_train/app.e0016372/models/lmms-lab/LLaVA-OneVision-1.5-4B + +### method +stage: export +to_cached_dataset: true + +### dataset +dataset: bee_training_data_stage1 +max_pixels: 2560000 +dataset_num_proc: 128 +# split_dataset_ratio: 0.01 + +### output +output_dir: /nas_user/app.e0016372/datasets/Open-Bee/Bee-Training-Data-Stage1/cache + +### plugins +external_plugins: + - randy/plugins/model.py + - randy/plugins/dataset.py + - randy/plugins/template.py diff --git a/randy/dataset_info.json b/randy/dataset_info.json new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..632ced5863 --- /dev/null +++ b/randy/dataset_info.json @@ -0,0 +1,70 @@ +[ + { + "dataset_name": "llava_pretrain_558k", + "dataset_path": "/nas_user/app.e0016372/datasets/LLaVA-Pretrain/llava_pretrain_558k.jsonl" + }, + { + "dataset_name": "llava_onevision_1_5_mid_training_3m", + "dataset_path": "/nas_user/app.e0016372/datasets/LLaVA-OneVision-1.5-Mid-Training-3M/merged_all.jsonl" + }, + { + "dataset_name": "llava_onevision_1_5_mid_training_coyo", + "dataset_path": "/nas_user/app.e0016372/datasets/LLaVA-OneVision-1.5-Mid-Training-85M/coyo/merged_all.jsonl" + }, + { + "dataset_name": "llava_onevision_1_5_mid_training_datacomp1b", + "dataset_path": "/nas_user/app.e0016372/datasets/LLaVA-OneVision-1.5-Mid-Training-85M/datacomp1b/merged_all.jsonl" + }, + { + "dataset_name": "llava_onevision_1_5_mid_training_imagenet", + "dataset_path": "/nas_user/app.e0016372/datasets/LLaVA-OneVision-1.5-Mid-Training-85M/imagenet/merged_all.jsonl" + }, + { + "dataset_name": "llava_onevision_1_5_mid_training_laioncn", + "dataset_path": "/nas_user/app.e0016372/datasets/LLaVA-OneVision-1.5-Mid-Training-85M/laioncn/merged_all.jsonl" + }, + { + "dataset_name": "llava_onevision_1_5_mid_training_mint", + "dataset_path": "/nas_user/app.e0016372/datasets/LLaVA-OneVision-1.5-Mid-Training-85M/mint/merged_all.jsonl" + }, + { + "dataset_name": "llava_onevision_1_5_mid_training_obelics", + "dataset_path": "/nas_user/app.e0016372/datasets/LLaVA-OneVision-1.5-Mid-Training-85M/obelics/merged_all.jsonl" + }, + { + "dataset_name": "omniscience", + "dataset_path": "/nas_user/app.e0016372/datasets/LLaVA-OneVision-1.5-Mid-Training-85M/omniscience/merged_all.jsonl" + }, + { + "dataset_name": "llava_next_780k", + "dataset_path": "/nas_user/app.e0016372/datasets/LLaVA-NeXT-780k/llava_next_780k.jsonl" + }, + { + "dataset_name": "llava_onevision_1_5_instruct_22m", + "dataset_path": "/nas_user/app.e0016372/datasets/LLaVA-OneVision-1.5-Instruct-Data/merged_all.jsonl" + }, + { + "dataset_name": "finevision", + "dataset_path": "/nas_user/app.e0016372/datasets/FineVision/merged_all.jsonl" + }, + { + "dataset_name": "cxmt_defects", + "dataset_path": "/nas_user/app.e0016372/datasets/cxmt/defects/defects.jsonl" + }, + { + "dataset_name": "bee_training_data_stage1", + "dataset_path": "/nas_user/app.e0016372/datasets/Open-Bee/Bee-Training-Data-Stage1/merged_all.jsonl" + }, + { + "dataset_name": "bee_training_data_stage2", + "dataset_path": "/nas_user/app.e0016372/datasets/Open-Bee/Bee-Training-Data-Stage2/merged_all.jsonl" + }, + { + "dataset_name": "honey_data_15m", + "dataset_path": "/nas_user/app.e0016372/datasets/Open-Bee/Honey-Data-15M/merged_all.jsonl" + }, + { + "dataset_name": "honey_data_1m", + "dataset_path": "/nas_user/app.e0016372/datasets/Open-Bee/Honey-Data-1M/merged_all.jsonl" + } +] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/randy/demo.yaml b/randy/demo.yaml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..aaa9dae1f1 --- /dev/null +++ b/randy/demo.yaml @@ -0,0 +1,56 @@ +### model +model: /nas_train/app.e0016372/models/lmms-lab/LLaVA-OneVision-1.5-4B +model_type: llava_onevision1_5 + +### method +debug: true +stage: sft +tuner_type: full +lora_rank: 16 +lora_alpha: 32 +freeze_vit: true +freeze_llm: true +freeze_aligner: false + +### optimize +attn_impl: flash_attn +use_liger_kernel: false +vit_gradient_checkpointing: false +gradient_checkpointing_kwargs: {"use_reentrant": false} + +### dataset +dataset: llava_pretrain_558k +packing: false +max_length: 4096 +max_pixels: 2560000 +dataloader_num_workers: 8 +dataloader_persistent_workers: true +# split_dataset_ratio: 0.01 +# load_from_cache_file: true + +### output +output_dir: /nas_train/app.e0016372/train/sft/full/LLaVA-OneVision-1.5-4B +logging_steps: 10 +save_strategy: steps +save_steps: 200 +save_total_limit: 2 +report_to: tensorboard +create_checkpoint_symlink: true + +### train +per_device_train_batch_size: 1 +gradient_accumulation_steps: 1 +weight_decay: 0.0 +warmup_ratio: 0.03 +learning_rate: 1e-4 +num_train_epochs: 1.0 +lr_scheduler_type: cosine_with_min_lr +lr_scheduler_kwargs: {"min_lr": 1e-6} +torch_dtype: bfloat16 +deepspeed: zero2 + +### plugins +external_plugins: + - randy/plugins/model.py + - randy/plugins/dataset.py + - randy/plugins/template.py diff --git a/randy/hostfile b/randy/hostfile new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..aed46a9b96 --- /dev/null +++ b/randy/hostfile @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +10.239.2.27 slots=8 +10.239.2.26 slots=8 +10.239.2.28 slots=8 +10.239.2.30 slots=8 +10.239.2.10 slots=8 +10.239.2.11 slots=8 +10.239.2.22 slots=8 +10.239.2.24 slots=8 +# 10.239.2.12 slots=8 +# 10.239.2.29 slots=8 +# 10.239.2.13 slots=8 +# 10.239.2.20 slots=8 diff --git a/randy/killer.sh b/randy/killer.sh new file mode 100755 index 0000000000..fa55b26102 --- /dev/null +++ b/randy/killer.sh @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +#!/bin/bash + +nvidia-smi --query-compute-apps=pid --format=csv,noheader | sort -u | while read -r pid; do + cmd=$(ps -p "$pid" -o args= 2>/dev/null) + + if [[ "$cmd" == *"examples/llava_ov_1_5/pretrain.py"* ]]; then + echo "Killing PID: $pid" + echo "$cmd" + sudo kill -9 "$pid" + fi +done diff --git a/randy/llava_14b_1.yaml b/randy/llava_14b_1.yaml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..89a47dcc5b --- /dev/null +++ b/randy/llava_14b_1.yaml @@ -0,0 +1,56 @@ +### model +model: /nas_train/app.e0016372/models/lmms-lab/LLaVA-OneVision-1.5-14B +model_type: llava_onevision1_5 + +### method +# debug: true +stage: sft +tuner_type: full +lora_rank: 16 +lora_alpha: 32 +freeze_vit: true +freeze_llm: true +freeze_aligner: false + +### optimize +attn_impl: flash_attn +use_liger_kernel: false +vit_gradient_checkpointing: false +gradient_checkpointing_kwargs: {"use_reentrant": false} + +### dataset +dataset: llava_pretrain_558k +packing: false +max_length: 4096 +max_pixels: 2560000 +dataloader_num_workers: 8 +dataloader_persistent_workers: true +# split_dataset_ratio: 0.01 +# load_from_cache_file: true + +### output +output_dir: /nas_train/app.e0016372/train/sft/full/LLaVA-OneVision-1.5-14B +logging_steps: 10 +save_strategy: steps +save_steps: 200 +save_total_limit: 2 +report_to: tensorboard +create_checkpoint_symlink: true + +### train +per_device_train_batch_size: 8 +gradient_accumulation_steps: 4 +weight_decay: 0.0 +warmup_ratio: 0.03 +learning_rate: 1e-4 +num_train_epochs: 1.0 +lr_scheduler_type: cosine_with_min_lr +lr_scheduler_kwargs: {"min_lr": 1e-6} +torch_dtype: bfloat16 +deepspeed: zero3 + +### plugins +external_plugins: + - randy/plugins/model.py + - randy/plugins/dataset.py + - randy/plugins/template.py diff --git a/randy/llava_14b_2.yaml b/randy/llava_14b_2.yaml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..b7f2bb7c04 --- /dev/null +++ b/randy/llava_14b_2.yaml @@ -0,0 +1,63 @@ +### model +model: /nas_train/app.e0016372/train/sft/full/LLaVA-OneVision-1.5-14B/v0-20260416-202500/checkpoint-2181 +model_type: llava_onevision1_5 + +### method +# debug: true +stage: sft +tuner_type: full +lora_rank: 16 +lora_alpha: 32 +freeze_vit: false +freeze_llm: false +freeze_aligner: false + +### optimize +attn_impl: flash_attn +use_liger_kernel: false +vit_gradient_checkpointing: true +gradient_checkpointing_kwargs: {"use_reentrant": false} + +### dataset +cached_dataset: + - /nas_user/app.e0016372/datasets/LLaVA-OneVision-1.5-Mid-Training-85M/cache/coyo/train + - /nas_user/app.e0016372/datasets/LLaVA-OneVision-1.5-Mid-Training-85M/cache/datacomp1b/train + - /nas_user/app.e0016372/datasets/LLaVA-OneVision-1.5-Mid-Training-85M/cache/imagenet/train + - /nas_user/app.e0016372/datasets/LLaVA-OneVision-1.5-Mid-Training-85M/cache/laioncn/train + - /nas_user/app.e0016372/datasets/LLaVA-OneVision-1.5-Mid-Training-85M/cache/mint/train + - /nas_user/app.e0016372/datasets/LLaVA-OneVision-1.5-Mid-Training-85M/cache/obelics/train + - /nas_user/app.e0016372/datasets/LLaVA-OneVision-1.5-Mid-Training-85M/cache/omniscience/train +packing: true +max_length: 8192 +max_pixels: 2560000 +dataloader_num_workers: 8 +dataloader_persistent_workers: true +# split_dataset_ratio: 0.01 +# load_from_cache_file: true + +### output +output_dir: /nas_train/app.e0016372/train/sft/full/LLaVA-OneVision-1.5-14B +logging_steps: 10 +save_strategy: steps +save_steps: 2000 +save_total_limit: 2 +report_to: tensorboard +create_checkpoint_symlink: true + +### train +per_device_train_batch_size: 2 +gradient_accumulation_steps: 1 +weight_decay: 0.0 +warmup_ratio: 0.03 +learning_rate: 1e-5 +num_train_epochs: 1.0 +lr_scheduler_type: cosine_with_min_lr +lr_scheduler_kwargs: {"min_lr": 1e-6} +torch_dtype: bfloat16 +deepspeed: zero3 + +### plugins +external_plugins: + - randy/plugins/model.py + - randy/plugins/dataset.py + - randy/plugins/template.py diff --git a/randy/llava_14b_3.yaml b/randy/llava_14b_3.yaml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..7732c06038 --- /dev/null +++ b/randy/llava_14b_3.yaml @@ -0,0 +1,57 @@ +### model +model: /nas_train/app.e0016372/train/sft/full/LLaVA-OneVision-1.5-14B/v1-20260503-172712/checkpoint-33166 +model_type: llava_onevision1_5 + +### method +# debug: true +stage: sft +tuner_type: full +lora_rank: 16 +lora_alpha: 32 +freeze_vit: false +freeze_llm: false +freeze_aligner: false + +### optimize +attn_impl: flash_attn +use_liger_kernel: false +vit_gradient_checkpointing: true +gradient_checkpointing_kwargs: {"use_reentrant": false} + +### dataset +cached_dataset: + - /nas_user/app.e0016372/datasets/LLaVA-OneVision-1.5-Instruct-Data/cache/train +packing: true +max_length: 16384 +max_pixels: 2560000 +dataloader_num_workers: 8 +dataloader_persistent_workers: true +# split_dataset_ratio: 0.01 +# load_from_cache_file: true + +### output +output_dir: /nas_train/app.e0016372/train/sft/full/LLaVA-OneVision-1.5-14B +logging_steps: 10 +save_strategy: steps +save_steps: 1000 +save_total_limit: 2 +report_to: tensorboard +create_checkpoint_symlink: true + +### train +per_device_train_batch_size: 1 +gradient_accumulation_steps: 2 +weight_decay: 0.0 +warmup_ratio: 0.03 +learning_rate: 1e-5 +num_train_epochs: 1.0 +lr_scheduler_type: cosine_with_min_lr +lr_scheduler_kwargs: {"min_lr": 1e-6} +torch_dtype: bfloat16 +deepspeed: zero3 + +### plugins +external_plugins: + - randy/plugins/model.py + - randy/plugins/dataset.py + - randy/plugins/template.py diff --git a/randy/llava_32b_1.yaml b/randy/llava_32b_1.yaml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..88e0acadf3 --- /dev/null +++ b/randy/llava_32b_1.yaml @@ -0,0 +1,56 @@ +### model +model: /nas_train/app.e0016372/models/lmms-lab/LLaVA-OneVision-1.5-32B +model_type: llava_onevision1_5 + +### method +# debug: true +stage: sft +tuner_type: full +lora_rank: 16 +lora_alpha: 32 +freeze_vit: true +freeze_llm: true +freeze_aligner: false + +### optimize +attn_impl: flash_attn +use_liger_kernel: false +vit_gradient_checkpointing: false +gradient_checkpointing_kwargs: {"use_reentrant": false} + +### dataset +dataset: llava_pretrain_558k +packing: false +max_length: 4096 +max_pixels: 2560000 +dataloader_num_workers: 8 +dataloader_persistent_workers: true +# split_dataset_ratio: 0.01 +# load_from_cache_file: true + +### output +output_dir: /nas_train/app.e0016372/train/sft/full/LLaVA-OneVision-1.5-32B +logging_steps: 10 +save_strategy: steps +save_steps: 200 +save_total_limit: 2 +report_to: tensorboard +create_checkpoint_symlink: true + +### train +per_device_train_batch_size: 8 +gradient_accumulation_steps: 4 +weight_decay: 0.0 +warmup_ratio: 0.03 +learning_rate: 1e-4 +num_train_epochs: 1.0 +lr_scheduler_type: cosine_with_min_lr +lr_scheduler_kwargs: {"min_lr": 1e-6} +torch_dtype: bfloat16 +deepspeed: zero3 + +### plugins +external_plugins: + - randy/plugins/model.py + - randy/plugins/dataset.py + - randy/plugins/template.py diff --git a/randy/llava_32b_2.yaml b/randy/llava_32b_2.yaml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..46a9981560 --- /dev/null +++ b/randy/llava_32b_2.yaml @@ -0,0 +1,63 @@ +### model +model: /nas_train/app.e0016372/train/sft/full/LLaVA-OneVision-1.5-32B/v0-20260416-202627/checkpoint-2181 +model_type: llava_onevision1_5 + +### method +# debug: true +stage: sft +tuner_type: full +lora_rank: 16 +lora_alpha: 32 +freeze_vit: false +freeze_llm: false +freeze_aligner: false + +### optimize +attn_impl: flash_attn +use_liger_kernel: false +vit_gradient_checkpointing: true +gradient_checkpointing_kwargs: {"use_reentrant": false} + +### dataset +cached_dataset: + - /nas_user/app.e0016372/datasets/LLaVA-OneVision-1.5-Mid-Training-85M/cache/coyo/train + - /nas_user/app.e0016372/datasets/LLaVA-OneVision-1.5-Mid-Training-85M/cache/datacomp1b/train + - /nas_user/app.e0016372/datasets/LLaVA-OneVision-1.5-Mid-Training-85M/cache/imagenet/train + - /nas_user/app.e0016372/datasets/LLaVA-OneVision-1.5-Mid-Training-85M/cache/laioncn/train + - /nas_user/app.e0016372/datasets/LLaVA-OneVision-1.5-Mid-Training-85M/cache/mint/train + - /nas_user/app.e0016372/datasets/LLaVA-OneVision-1.5-Mid-Training-85M/cache/obelics/train + - /nas_user/app.e0016372/datasets/LLaVA-OneVision-1.5-Mid-Training-85M/cache/omniscience/train +packing: true +max_length: 8192 +max_pixels: 2560000 +dataloader_num_workers: 8 +dataloader_persistent_workers: true +# split_dataset_ratio: 0.01 +# load_from_cache_file: true + +### output +output_dir: /nas_train/app.e0016372/train/sft/full/LLaVA-OneVision-1.5-32B +logging_steps: 10 +save_strategy: steps +save_steps: 2000 +save_total_limit: 2 +report_to: tensorboard +create_checkpoint_symlink: true + +### train +per_device_train_batch_size: 2 +gradient_accumulation_steps: 1 +weight_decay: 0.0 +warmup_ratio: 0.03 +learning_rate: 1e-5 +num_train_epochs: 1.0 +lr_scheduler_type: cosine_with_min_lr +lr_scheduler_kwargs: {"min_lr": 1e-6} +torch_dtype: bfloat16 +deepspeed: zero3 + +### plugins +external_plugins: + - randy/plugins/model.py + - randy/plugins/dataset.py + - randy/plugins/template.py diff --git a/randy/llava_32b_3.yaml b/randy/llava_32b_3.yaml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..4feb176529 --- /dev/null +++ b/randy/llava_32b_3.yaml @@ -0,0 +1,57 @@ +### model +model: /nas_train/app.e0016372/train/sft/full/LLaVA-OneVision-1.5-32B/v1-20260513-210256/last +model_type: llava_onevision1_5 + +### method +# debug: true +stage: sft +tuner_type: full +lora_rank: 16 +lora_alpha: 32 +freeze_vit: false +freeze_llm: false +freeze_aligner: false + +### optimize +attn_impl: flash_attn +use_liger_kernel: false +vit_gradient_checkpointing: true +gradient_checkpointing_kwargs: {"use_reentrant": false} + +### dataset +cached_dataset: + - /nas_user/app.e0016372/datasets/LLaVA-OneVision-1.5-Instruct-Data/cache/train +packing: true +max_length: 16384 +max_pixels: 2560000 +dataloader_num_workers: 8 +dataloader_persistent_workers: true +# split_dataset_ratio: 0.01 +# load_from_cache_file: true + +### output +output_dir: /nas_train/app.e0016372/train/sft/full/LLaVA-OneVision-1.5-32B +logging_steps: 10 +save_strategy: steps +save_steps: 1000 +save_total_limit: 2 +report_to: tensorboard +create_checkpoint_symlink: true + +### train +per_device_train_batch_size: 1 +gradient_accumulation_steps: 4 +weight_decay: 0.0 +warmup_ratio: 0.03 +learning_rate: 1e-5 +num_train_epochs: 1.0 +lr_scheduler_type: cosine_with_min_lr +lr_scheduler_kwargs: {"min_lr": 1e-6} +torch_dtype: bfloat16 +deepspeed: zero3 + +### plugins +external_plugins: + - randy/plugins/model.py + - randy/plugins/dataset.py + - randy/plugins/template.py diff --git a/randy/llava_4b_1.yaml b/randy/llava_4b_1.yaml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..10d3f643fe --- /dev/null +++ b/randy/llava_4b_1.yaml @@ -0,0 +1,56 @@ +### model +model: /nas_train/app.e0016372/models/lmms-lab/LLaVA-OneVision-1.5-4B +model_type: llava_onevision1_5 + +### method +# debug: true +stage: sft +tuner_type: full +lora_rank: 16 +lora_alpha: 32 +freeze_vit: true +freeze_llm: true +freeze_aligner: false + +### optimize +attn_impl: flash_attn +use_liger_kernel: false +vit_gradient_checkpointing: false +gradient_checkpointing_kwargs: {"use_reentrant": false} + +### dataset +dataset: llava_pretrain_558k +packing: false +max_length: 4096 +max_pixels: 2560000 +dataloader_num_workers: 8 +dataloader_persistent_workers: true +# split_dataset_ratio: 0.01 +# load_from_cache_file: true + +### output +output_dir: /nas_train/app.e0016372/train/sft/full/LLaVA-OneVision-1.5-4B +logging_steps: 10 +save_strategy: steps +save_steps: 200 +save_total_limit: 2 +report_to: tensorboard +create_checkpoint_symlink: true + +### train +per_device_train_batch_size: 8 +gradient_accumulation_steps: 4 +weight_decay: 0.0 +warmup_ratio: 0.03 +learning_rate: 1e-4 +num_train_epochs: 1.0 +lr_scheduler_type: cosine_with_min_lr +lr_scheduler_kwargs: {"min_lr": 1e-6} +torch_dtype: bfloat16 +deepspeed: zero3 + +### plugins +external_plugins: + - randy/plugins/model.py + - randy/plugins/dataset.py + - randy/plugins/template.py diff --git a/randy/llava_4b_2.yaml b/randy/llava_4b_2.yaml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..4ca8ed5ec5 --- /dev/null +++ b/randy/llava_4b_2.yaml @@ -0,0 +1,63 @@ +### model +model: /nas_train/app.e0016372/train/sft/full/LLaVA-OneVision-1.5-4B/v0-20260413-170118/checkpoint-2181 +model_type: llava_onevision1_5 + +### method +# debug: true +stage: sft +tuner_type: full +lora_rank: 16 +lora_alpha: 32 +freeze_vit: false +freeze_llm: false +freeze_aligner: false + +### optimize +attn_impl: flash_attn +use_liger_kernel: false +vit_gradient_checkpointing: true +gradient_checkpointing_kwargs: {"use_reentrant": false} + +### dataset +cached_dataset: + # - /nas_user/app.e0016372/datasets/LLaVA-OneVision-1.5-Mid-Training-85M/cache/coyo/train + # - /nas_user/app.e0016372/datasets/LLaVA-OneVision-1.5-Mid-Training-85M/cache/datacomp1b/train + # - /nas_user/app.e0016372/datasets/LLaVA-OneVision-1.5-Mid-Training-85M/cache/imagenet/train + # - /nas_user/app.e0016372/datasets/LLaVA-OneVision-1.5-Mid-Training-85M/cache/laioncn/train + # - /nas_user/app.e0016372/datasets/LLaVA-OneVision-1.5-Mid-Training-85M/cache/mint/train + # - /nas_user/app.e0016372/datasets/LLaVA-OneVision-1.5-Mid-Training-85M/cache/obelics/train + - /nas_user/app.e0016372/datasets/LLaVA-OneVision-1.5-Mid-Training-85M/cache/omniscience/train + - /nas_user/app.e0016372/datasets/Open-Bee/Bee-Training-Data-Stage2/cache/train +packing: true +max_length: 8192 +max_pixels: 2560000 +dataloader_num_workers: 8 +dataloader_persistent_workers: true +# split_dataset_ratio: 0.01 +# load_from_cache_file: true + +### output +output_dir: /nas_train/app.e0016372/train/sft/full/LLaVA-OneVision-1.5-4B +logging_steps: 10 +save_strategy: steps +save_steps: 2000 +save_total_limit: 2 +report_to: tensorboard + +### train +per_device_train_batch_size: 2 +gradient_accumulation_steps: 1 +weight_decay: 0.0 +warmup_ratio: 0.03 +learning_rate: 1e-5 +num_train_epochs: 1.0 +lr_scheduler_type: cosine_with_min_lr +lr_scheduler_kwargs: {"min_lr": 1e-6} +torch_dtype: bfloat16 +deepspeed: zero2 + +### plugins +external_plugins: + - randy/plugins/model.py + - randy/plugins/dataset.py + - randy/plugins/template.py diff --git a/randy/llava_4b_3.yaml b/randy/llava_4b_3.yaml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..af70cbbb6e --- /dev/null +++ b/randy/llava_4b_3.yaml @@ -0,0 +1,56 @@ +### model +model: /nas_train/app.e0016372/train/sft/full/LLaVA-OneVision-1.5-4B/v3-20260608-210519/checkpoint-13289 +model_type: llava_onevision1_5 + +### method +# debug: true +stage: sft +tuner_type: full +lora_rank: 16 +lora_alpha: 32 +freeze_vit: false +freeze_llm: false +freeze_aligner: false + +### optimize +attn_impl: flash_attn +use_liger_kernel: false +vit_gradient_checkpointing: true +gradient_checkpointing_kwargs: {"use_reentrant": false} + +### dataset +cached_dataset: + - /nas_user/app.e0016372/datasets/LLaVA-OneVision-1.5-Instruct-Data/cache/train +packing: true +max_length: 16384 +max_pixels: 2560000 +dataloader_num_workers: 8 +dataloader_persistent_workers: true +# split_dataset_ratio: 0.01 +# load_from_cache_file: true + +### output +output_dir: /nas_train/app.e0016372/train/sft/full/LLaVA-OneVision-1.5-4B +logging_steps: 10 +save_strategy: steps +save_steps: 1000 +save_total_limit: 2 +report_to: tensorboard + +### train +per_device_train_batch_size: 1 +gradient_accumulation_steps: 2 +weight_decay: 0.0 +warmup_ratio: 0.03 +learning_rate: 1e-5 +num_train_epochs: 1.0 +lr_scheduler_type: cosine_with_min_lr +lr_scheduler_kwargs: {"min_lr": 1e-6} +torch_dtype: bfloat16 +deepspeed: zero2 + +### plugins +external_plugins: + - randy/plugins/model.py + - randy/plugins/dataset.py + - randy/plugins/template.py diff --git a/randy/llava_8b_1.yaml b/randy/llava_8b_1.yaml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..11ae1c0d90 --- /dev/null +++ b/randy/llava_8b_1.yaml @@ -0,0 +1,56 @@ +### model +model: /nas_train/app.e0016372/models/lmms-lab/LLaVA-OneVision-1.5-8B +model_type: llava_onevision1_5 + +### method +# debug: true +stage: sft +tuner_type: full +lora_rank: 16 +lora_alpha: 32 +freeze_vit: true +freeze_llm: true +freeze_aligner: false + +### optimize +attn_impl: flash_attn +use_liger_kernel: false +vit_gradient_checkpointing: false +gradient_checkpointing_kwargs: {"use_reentrant": false} + +### dataset +dataset: llava_pretrain_558k +packing: false +max_length: 4096 +max_pixels: 2560000 +dataloader_num_workers: 8 +dataloader_persistent_workers: true +# split_dataset_ratio: 0.01 +# load_from_cache_file: true + +### output +output_dir: /nas_train/app.e0016372/train/sft/full/LLaVA-OneVision-1.5-8B +logging_steps: 10 +save_strategy: steps +save_steps: 200 +save_total_limit: 2 +report_to: tensorboard +create_checkpoint_symlink: true + +### train +per_device_train_batch_size: 8 +gradient_accumulation_steps: 4 +weight_decay: 0.0 +warmup_ratio: 0.03 +learning_rate: 1e-4 +num_train_epochs: 1.0 +lr_scheduler_type: cosine_with_min_lr +lr_scheduler_kwargs: {"min_lr": 1e-6} +torch_dtype: bfloat16 +deepspeed: zero3 + +### plugins +external_plugins: + - randy/plugins/model.py + - randy/plugins/dataset.py + - randy/plugins/template.py diff --git a/randy/llava_8b_2.yaml b/randy/llava_8b_2.yaml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..e6404a5ba0 --- /dev/null +++ b/randy/llava_8b_2.yaml @@ -0,0 +1,63 @@ +### model +model: /nas_train/app.e0016372/train/sft/full/LLaVA-OneVision-1.5-8B/v0-20260416-202422/checkpoint-2181 +model_type: llava_onevision1_5 + +### method +# debug: true +stage: sft +tuner_type: full +lora_rank: 16 +lora_alpha: 32 +freeze_vit: false +freeze_llm: false +freeze_aligner: false + +### optimize +attn_impl: flash_attn +use_liger_kernel: false +vit_gradient_checkpointing: true +gradient_checkpointing_kwargs: {"use_reentrant": false} + +### dataset +cached_dataset: + - /nas_user/app.e0016372/datasets/LLaVA-OneVision-1.5-Mid-Training-85M/cache/coyo/train + - /nas_user/app.e0016372/datasets/LLaVA-OneVision-1.5-Mid-Training-85M/cache/datacomp1b/train + - /nas_user/app.e0016372/datasets/LLaVA-OneVision-1.5-Mid-Training-85M/cache/imagenet/train + - /nas_user/app.e0016372/datasets/LLaVA-OneVision-1.5-Mid-Training-85M/cache/laioncn/train + - /nas_user/app.e0016372/datasets/LLaVA-OneVision-1.5-Mid-Training-85M/cache/mint/train + - /nas_user/app.e0016372/datasets/LLaVA-OneVision-1.5-Mid-Training-85M/cache/obelics/train + - /nas_user/app.e0016372/datasets/LLaVA-OneVision-1.5-Mid-Training-85M/cache/omniscience/train +packing: true +max_length: 8192 +max_pixels: 2560000 +dataloader_num_workers: 8 +dataloader_persistent_workers: true +# split_dataset_ratio: 0.01 +# load_from_cache_file: true + +### output +output_dir: /nas_train/app.e0016372/train/sft/full/LLaVA-OneVision-1.5-8B +logging_steps: 100 +save_strategy: steps +save_steps: 2000 +save_total_limit: 2 +report_to: tensorboard +create_checkpoint_symlink: true + +### train +per_device_train_batch_size: 2 +gradient_accumulation_steps: 1 +weight_decay: 0.0 +warmup_ratio: 0.03 +learning_rate: 1e-5 +num_train_epochs: 1.0 +lr_scheduler_type: cosine_with_min_lr +lr_scheduler_kwargs: {"min_lr": 1e-6} +torch_dtype: bfloat16 +deepspeed: zero3 + +### plugins +external_plugins: + - randy/plugins/model.py + - randy/plugins/dataset.py + - randy/plugins/template.py diff --git a/randy/llava_8b_3.yaml b/randy/llava_8b_3.yaml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..cc6ede6c08 --- /dev/null +++ b/randy/llava_8b_3.yaml @@ -0,0 +1,57 @@ +### model +model: /nas_train/app.e0016372/train/sft/full/LLaVA-OneVision-1.5-8B/v1-20260430-212858/checkpoint-33166 +model_type: llava_onevision1_5 + +### method +# debug: true +stage: sft +tuner_type: full +lora_rank: 16 +lora_alpha: 32 +freeze_vit: false +freeze_llm: false +freeze_aligner: false + +### optimize +attn_impl: flash_attn +use_liger_kernel: false +vit_gradient_checkpointing: true +gradient_checkpointing_kwargs: {"use_reentrant": false} + +### dataset +cached_dataset: + - /nas_user/app.e0016372/datasets/LLaVA-OneVision-1.5-Instruct-Data/cache/train +packing: true +max_length: 16384 +max_pixels: 2560000 +dataloader_num_workers: 8 +dataloader_persistent_workers: true +# split_dataset_ratio: 0.01 +# load_from_cache_file: true + +### output +output_dir: /nas_train/app.e0016372/train/sft/full/LLaVA-OneVision-1.5-8B +logging_steps: 10 +save_strategy: steps +save_steps: 1000 +save_total_limit: 2 +report_to: tensorboard +create_checkpoint_symlink: true + +### train +per_device_train_batch_size: 1 +gradient_accumulation_steps: 2 +weight_decay: 0.0 +warmup_ratio: 0.03 +learning_rate: 1e-5 +num_train_epochs: 1.0 +lr_scheduler_type: cosine_with_min_lr +lr_scheduler_kwargs: {"min_lr": 1e-6} +torch_dtype: bfloat16 +deepspeed: zero3 + +### plugins +external_plugins: + - randy/plugins/model.py + - randy/plugins/dataset.py + - randy/plugins/template.py diff --git a/randy/llava_qwen3.ipynb b/randy/llava_qwen3.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..66e725b39f --- /dev/null +++ b/randy/llava_qwen3.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,127 @@ +{ + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "id": "9a4dfa7a", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [], + "source": [ + "import torch\n", + "import shutil\n", + "from pathlib import Path\n", + "from transformers import (\n", + " AutoTokenizer,\n", + " AutoModelForCausalLM,\n", + " CLIPVisionModel,\n", + " CLIPVisionConfig,\n", + " CLIPImageProcessor,\n", + " LlavaConfig,\n", + " LlavaProcessor,\n", + " LlavaForConditionalGeneration,\n", + ")" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "id": "422a1d75", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [], + "source": [ + "MODELS_ROOT = Path('/mnt/models')\n", + "# MODELS_ROOT = Path('/nas_train/app.e0016372/models')\n", + "\n", + "VISION_MODEL_PATH = MODELS_ROOT / 'clip-vit-large-patch14-336'\n", + "TEXT_MODEL_PATH = MODELS_ROOT / 'Qwen3-4B-Instruct-2507'\n", + "TOKENIZER_PATH = MODELS_ROOT / 'Qwen3-VL-4B-Instruct'\n", + "OUTPUT_DIR = MODELS_ROOT / 'Llava-Qwen3-4B-Instruct'\n", + "\n", + "IMAGE_TOKEN_ID = 151655\n", + "IMAGE_TOKEN_STR = '<|image_pad|>'" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "id": "46d7b707", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [], + "source": [ + "def clear_output_dir():\n", + " if OUTPUT_DIR.exists():\n", + " shutil.rmtree(OUTPUT_DIR)\n", + "\n", + "def build_llava_model():\n", + " vision_model = CLIPVisionModel.from_pretrained(VISION_MODEL_PATH, torch_dtype=torch.bfloat16)\n", + " text_model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained(TEXT_MODEL_PATH, torch_dtype=torch.bfloat16)\n", + "\n", + " config = LlavaConfig(\n", + " vision_config=vision_model.config,\n", + " text_config=text_model.config,\n", + " image_token_index=IMAGE_TOKEN_ID,\n", + " )\n", + " llava_model = LlavaForConditionalGeneration(config)\n", + " llava_model.vision_tower = vision_model\n", + " llava_model.language_model = text_model\n", + " llava_model.save_pretrained(OUTPUT_DIR)\n", + "\n", + "def build_llava_processor():\n", + " vision_config = CLIPVisionConfig.from_pretrained(VISION_MODEL_PATH)\n", + " image_processor = CLIPImageProcessor.from_pretrained(VISION_MODEL_PATH)\n", + " tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(TOKENIZER_PATH)\n", + "\n", + " processor = LlavaProcessor(\n", + " image_processor=image_processor,\n", + " tokenizer=tokenizer,\n", + " patch_size=vision_config.patch_size,\n", + " vision_feature_select_strategy='default',\n", + " chat_template=tokenizer.chat_template,\n", + " image_token=IMAGE_TOKEN_STR,\n", + " )\n", + " processor.save_pretrained(OUTPUT_DIR)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "id": "2ff98ecc", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [], + "source": [ + "clear_output_dir()\n", + "build_llava_model()\n", + "build_llava_processor()" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "id": "83cec1aa", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [], + "source": [] + } + ], + "metadata": { + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "Python (swift)", + "language": "python", + "name": "swift" + }, + "language_info": { + "codemirror_mode": { + "name": "ipython", + "version": 3 + }, + "file_extension": ".py", + "mimetype": "text/x-python", + "name": "python", + "nbconvert_exporter": "python", + "pygments_lexer": "ipython3", + "version": "3.12.12" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 5 +} diff --git a/randy/llm.py b/randy/llm.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..8472eafbf8 --- /dev/null +++ b/randy/llm.py @@ -0,0 +1,84 @@ +import io +import base64 +import numpy as np +from PIL import Image +from pathlib import Path +from openai import OpenAI + + +class LLMChat: + def __init__(self, model, base_url, api_key='EMPTY', max_retries=3, **kwargs): + self.client = OpenAI( + api_key=api_key, + base_url=base_url, + max_retries=max_retries + ) + self.model = model + self.kwargs = kwargs + + def chat(self, prompt, return_content_only=False, **kwargs): + response = self.client.chat.completions.create( + model=self.model, + messages=[ + { + 'role': 'system', + 'content': 'You are a helpful assistant.' + }, + { + 'role': 'user', + 'content': prompt + } + ], + **(self.kwargs | kwargs) + ) + return response.choices[0].message.content if return_content_only else response + + def vlchat(self, images, prompt, return_content_only=False, **kwargs): + if not isinstance(images, (tuple, list)): + images = [images] + + response = self.client.chat.completions.create( + model=self.model, + messages=[ + { + 'role': 'system', + 'content': 'You are a helpful assistant.' + }, + { + 'role': 'user', + 'content': [ + { + 'type': 'image_url', + 'image_url': {'url': self.img2b64(x)} + } for x in images + ] + [ + { + 'type': 'text', + 'text': prompt + } + ] + } + ], + **(self.kwargs | kwargs) + ) + return response.choices[0].message.content if return_content_only else response + + @staticmethod + def img2b64(x, format='PNG', with_mime=True): + if isinstance(x, (str, Path)): + image = Image.open(x).convert('RGB') + elif isinstance(x, np.ndarray): + image = Image.fromarray(x).convert('RGB') + elif isinstance(x, Image.Image): + image = x.convert('RGB') + else: + raise TypeError(f'Unsupported input type: {type(x)}') + + imbin = io.BytesIO() + image.save(imbin, format) + image = base64.b64encode(imbin.getvalue()).decode('utf-8') + + if with_mime: + return f'data:image/{format.lower()};base64,{image}' + + return image diff --git a/randy/med_mcqa.ipynb b/randy/med_mcqa.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..f7f79199b4 --- /dev/null +++ b/randy/med_mcqa.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,424 @@ +{ + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 1, + "id": "e114a9e9", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [], + "source": [ + "import json\n", + "import pandas as pd\n", + "from pathlib import Path" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 2, + "id": "ea35e945", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "data": { + "text/html": [ + "
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instructioninputoutput
0Normal visual acuity of 6/6 is achieved by the...Choices: ['2 years', '3 years', '5 years', '7 ...3 years
1Primary feature of small intestinal obstruction -Choices: ['Fever', 'High peristalsis with coli...High peristalsis with colic
2Regarding unicornuate uterus true isChoices: ['Defect in fusion of mullerian ducts...One duct is completely absent
3Characteristic lab findings of hemophilia A ar...Choices: ['a', 'c', 'ac', 'bc']bc
4What is true about HER2/neu overexpression in ...Choices: ['Good prognosis', 'Responds well to ...Responds well to monoclonal antibodies
............
9995In which of the following chronic Conditions, ...Choices: ['Dementia', 'Pseudodementia', 'Amnes...Amnestic synrome
9996Transverse vaginal septum corresponds to :Choices: ['External Os', 'Vesical neck', 'Blad...External Os
9997Exudation of plasma and Leucocytes in acute in...Choices: ['Venules', 'Capillaries', 'Aerioles'...Venules
9998Maximum blood in the body lies inChoices: ['Aoa', 'Veins', 'Hea', 'Aerioles']Veins
9999Three point bony relationship around the elbow...Choices: ['Fracture supracondylar humerus', 'F...Fracture supracondylar humerus
\n", + "

10000 rows × 3 columns

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" + ], + "text/plain": [ + " instruction \\\n", + "0 Normal visual acuity of 6/6 is achieved by the... \n", + "1 Primary feature of small intestinal obstruction - \n", + "2 Regarding unicornuate uterus true is \n", + "3 Characteristic lab findings of hemophilia A ar... \n", + "4 What is true about HER2/neu overexpression in ... \n", + "... ... \n", + "9995 In which of the following chronic Conditions, ... \n", + "9996 Transverse vaginal septum corresponds to : \n", + "9997 Exudation of plasma and Leucocytes in acute in... \n", + "9998 Maximum blood in the body lies in \n", + "9999 Three point bony relationship around the elbow... \n", + "\n", + " input \\\n", + "0 Choices: ['2 years', '3 years', '5 years', '7 ... \n", + "1 Choices: ['Fever', 'High peristalsis with coli... \n", + "2 Choices: ['Defect in fusion of mullerian ducts... \n", + "3 Choices: ['a', 'c', 'ac', 'bc'] \n", + "4 Choices: ['Good prognosis', 'Responds well to ... \n", + "... ... \n", + "9995 Choices: ['Dementia', 'Pseudodementia', 'Amnes... \n", + "9996 Choices: ['External Os', 'Vesical neck', 'Blad... \n", + "9997 Choices: ['Venules', 'Capillaries', 'Aerioles'... \n", + "9998 Choices: ['Aoa', 'Veins', 'Hea', 'Aerioles'] \n", + "9999 Choices: ['Fracture supracondylar humerus', 'F... \n", + "\n", + " output \n", + "0 3 years \n", + "1 High peristalsis with colic \n", + "2 One duct is completely absent \n", + "3 bc \n", + "4 Responds well to monoclonal antibodies \n", + "... ... \n", + "9995 Amnestic synrome \n", + "9996 External Os \n", + "9997 Venules \n", + "9998 Veins \n", + "9999 Fracture supracondylar humerus \n", + "\n", + "[10000 rows x 3 columns]" + ] + }, + "execution_count": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "output_type": "execute_result" + } + ], + "source": [ + "df = pd.read_parquet('/nas_train/app.e0016372/datasets/medmcqa/data/train-00000-of-00001.parquet')\n", + "df = df.sample(10000, random_state=42)\n", + "result = []\n", + "for i in df.index:\n", + " instruction = df.loc[i, 'question']\n", + " input = df.loc[i, 'choices'].tolist()\n", + " output = input[df.loc[i, 'answer_index']]\n", + " result.append({\n", + " 'instruction': instruction,\n", + " 'input': f'Choices: {input}',\n", + " 'output': output\n", + " })\n", + "df = pd.DataFrame(result)\n", + "df.to_json('med_mcqa_train.jsonl', orient='records', force_ascii=False, lines=True)\n", + "df" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": 3, + "id": "8bf78e4e", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "data": { + "text/html": [ + "
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questionABCDanswer
0Major mechanism of action of nitrates in acute...Coronary vasodilationDecrease in preloadDecrease in afterloadDecrease in hea rateB
1MHC Class II proteins are expressed by:B-cells, dendritic cells and macrophagesPlateletsT-cellsAll nucleated cellsA
2A couple comes for evaluation of infeility. Th...Serum FSHKaryotypingTestosterone levelsTesticular FNACA
3Vwf factor is produced by:PlateletsEndothelial cellsNeutrophilsMonocytesB
4Patient had a A and put on mechanical ventilat...9101112A
.....................
995A 2s-year-old women underwent induced ovulatio...Retrieve folliclesGive cabergolinecancel cyclewithhold HCGA
996The odontoblastic layer histologicallyAppears 3-5 layer thick.Is single layer outlining pulpIs psuedostratified palisade layerAll of the aboveD
997Sorting a patient of trauma of head injury on ...TriageEmergency careDefinitive careHospital careA
998The average no of muscle fibres attached to on...3-Jan10-May15-Oct15-75C
999Normally Maxillary first molar has3 roots and 3 canals3 roots and 4 canals2 roots and 3 canals2 roots and 4 canalsA
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1000 rows × 6 columns

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" + ], + "text/plain": [ + " question \\\n", + "0 Major mechanism of action of nitrates in acute... \n", + "1 MHC Class II proteins are expressed by: \n", + "2 A couple comes for evaluation of infeility. Th... \n", + "3 Vwf factor is produced by: \n", + "4 Patient had a A and put on mechanical ventilat... \n", + ".. ... \n", + "995 A 2s-year-old women underwent induced ovulatio... \n", + "996 The odontoblastic layer histologically \n", + "997 Sorting a patient of trauma of head injury on ... \n", + "998 The average no of muscle fibres attached to on... \n", + "999 Normally Maxillary first molar has \n", + "\n", + " A B \\\n", + "0 Coronary vasodilation Decrease in preload \n", + "1 B-cells, dendritic cells and macrophages Platelets \n", + "2 Serum FSH Karyotyping \n", + "3 Platelets Endothelial cells \n", + "4 9 10 \n", + ".. ... ... \n", + "995 Retrieve follicles Give cabergoline \n", + "996 Appears 3-5 layer thick. Is single layer outlining pulp \n", + "997 Triage Emergency care \n", + "998 3-Jan 10-May \n", + "999 3 roots and 3 canals 3 roots and 4 canals \n", + "\n", + " C D answer \n", + "0 Decrease in afterload Decrease in hea rate B \n", + "1 T-cells All nucleated cells A \n", + "2 Testosterone levels Testicular FNAC A \n", + "3 Neutrophils Monocytes B \n", + "4 11 12 A \n", + ".. ... ... ... \n", + "995 cancel cycle withhold HCG A \n", + "996 Is psuedostratified palisade layer All of the above D \n", + "997 Definitive care Hospital care A \n", + "998 15-Oct 15-75 C \n", + "999 2 roots and 3 canals 2 roots and 4 canals A \n", + "\n", + "[1000 rows x 6 columns]" + ] + }, + "execution_count": 3, + "metadata": {}, + "output_type": "execute_result" + } + ], + "source": [ + "df = pd.read_parquet('/nas_train/app.e0016372/datasets/medmcqa/data/validation-00000-of-00001.parquet')\n", + "df = df.sample(1000, random_state=42)\n", + "result = []\n", + "for i in df.index:\n", + " question = df.loc[i, 'question']\n", + " choices = df.loc[i, 'choices']\n", + " answer = df.loc[i, 'answer']\n", + " result.append({\n", + " 'question': question,\n", + " 'A': choices[0],\n", + " 'B': choices[1],\n", + " 'C': choices[2],\n", + " 'D': choices[3],\n", + " 'answer': answer\n", + " })\n", + "df = pd.DataFrame(result)\n", + "df.to_json('med_mcqa_val.jsonl', orient='records', force_ascii=False, lines=True)\n", + "df" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "id": "0a7fee66", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [], + "source": [] + } + ], + "metadata": { + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "Python (dev)", + "language": "python", + "name": "dev" + }, + "language_info": { + "codemirror_mode": { + "name": "ipython", + "version": 3 + }, + "file_extension": ".py", + "mimetype": "text/x-python", + "name": "python", + "nbconvert_exporter": "python", + "pygments_lexer": "ipython3", + "version": "3.12.11" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 5 +} diff --git a/randy/med_mcqa.jsonl b/randy/med_mcqa.jsonl new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..fada6c7b8f --- /dev/null +++ b/randy/med_mcqa.jsonl @@ -0,0 +1,10000 @@ +{"instruction":"Normal visual acuity of 6\/6 is achieved by the age of:","input":"Choices: ['2 years', '3 years', '5 years', '7 years']","output":"3 years"} +{"instruction":"Primary feature of small intestinal obstruction -","input":"Choices: ['Fever', 'High peristalsis with colic', 'Abdominal distension', 'Empty rectum']","output":"High peristalsis with colic"} +{"instruction":"Regarding unicornuate uterus true is","input":"Choices: ['Defect in fusion of mullerian ducts', 'Single uterus with 2 fallopian tubes', 'One duct is completely absent', 'Best reproductive outcome']","output":"One duct is completely absent"} +{"instruction":"Characteristic lab findings of hemophilia A are –a) ↑ PTb) ↑ aPTTc) X–linked recessived) Presence of 30% of factor level express the diseasee) Increased bleeding time","input":"Choices: ['a', 'c', 'ac', 'bc']","output":"bc"} +{"instruction":"What is true about HER2\/neu overexpression in Ca breast","input":"Choices: ['Good prognosis', 'Responds well to taxanes', 'Responds well to monoclonal antibodies', 'Seen only in breast cancer']","output":"Responds well to monoclonal antibodies"} +{"instruction":"Which one of the following is a muscle splitting incision: September 2012","input":"Choices: [\"Kocher's\", 'Rutherford-Morris', 'Pfannensteil', 'Lanz']","output":"Lanz"} +{"instruction":"All are cholinergic drugs except","input":"Choices: ['Memantine', 'Tacrine', 'Rivastigmine', 'Donepezil']","output":"Memantine"} +{"instruction":"Punched out appearance in skull seen in","input":"Choices: ['Multiple myeloma', 'Thalassemia', 'Carcinoma lung', 'Hyperparathyroidism']","output":"Multiple myeloma"} +{"instruction":"Antibodies to one of the following infection is not transmitted to child -","input":"Choices: ['Measles', 'Peusis', 'Diphtheria', 'Polio']","output":"Peusis"} +{"instruction":"All are true about radiological features of the intestinal obstruction except:","input":"Choices: ['The small intestines are said to be dilated if the loops of bowel have a diameter of > 3cm.', 'The large bowel are said to be dilated if they are >5 cm for distal bowel and > 9 cm for proximal bowel.', 'Volvulus and mesenteric ischemia have characteristic signs on abdominal films.', 'The absence of air-fluid levels on plain supine radiographs does not rule out presence of an obstruction.']","output":"Volvulus and mesenteric ischemia have characteristic signs on abdominal films."} +{"instruction":"In colposcopy, following are visualized except :","input":"Choices: ['Upper 2\/3rd endocervix', 'Lower 1\/3rd endocervix', 'Vault of vagina', 'Lateral fornix']","output":"Upper 2\/3rd endocervix"} +{"instruction":"Wave V in BERA corresponds to -","input":"Choices: ['Inferior colliculus', 'Lateral lemniscus', 'Cochlear nucleus', 'Eighth-nerve']","output":"Lateral lemniscus"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following shows the presence of cholesterol crystals:","input":"Choices: ['Keratocyst', 'Periodontal cyst', 'Aneurysmal cyst', 'Hemorrhagic cyst']","output":"Keratocyst"} +{"instruction":"Most common cause of sub arachnoid hemorrhage is -","input":"Choices: ['Berry aneurysm rupture', 'Post traumatic', 'Hypertensive bleed', 'Coagulation disorder']","output":"Post traumatic"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is not a sign of active rickets ?","input":"Choices: ['Prominent fontanelle', 'Hot cross bun sign', 'Saddle nose', 'Caries teeth']","output":"Saddle nose"} +{"instruction":"Chemotherapy for Retinoblastoma is","input":"Choices: ['Vincristine, Etoposide, Cisplatin', 'Vinblastine, Epirubicin, Cisplatin', 'Vincristine, Etopside, Cyclophosphamide', 'Vinblastine, Etoposide, Cisplatin']","output":"Vincristine, Etoposide, Cisplatin"} +{"instruction":"False about Leishmaniasis is","input":"Choices: ['Aldehyde Test of Napier is a good test for diagnosis', 'Indian Leishmaniasis is a non-zoonotic infection with man as the sole reservoir', 'Co-infection with AIDS is now emerging', 'There are no drugs for personal prophylaxis']","output":"Aldehyde Test of Napier is a good test for diagnosis"} +{"instruction":"Mechanism of action of propylthiouracilin hypehyroidism is:","input":"Choices: ['Inhibition of organification of iodine', 'Inhibition of oxidation of iodine', 'Inhibition of coupling of two DIT residues', 'All of the above']","output":"All of the above"} +{"instruction":"Burning feet syndrome is due to deficiency of ?","input":"Choices: ['Niacin', 'Folic acid', 'Vitamin B12', 'Pantothenic acid']","output":"Pantothenic acid"} +{"instruction":"Intrinsic muscles of the tongue are derived from:","input":"Choices: ['2nd branchial cleft', 'Pharyngeal arch mesenchyme', 'Occipital somites', 'Cervical somites']","output":"Occipital somites"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following ranges of hemoglobin O2 saturation from systemic venous to systemic arterial blood represents a normal resting condition?","input":"Choices: ['25 to 75%', \"40 to 75%'\", '40 to 95%', '75 to 98%']","output":"75 to 98%"} +{"instruction":"A 40 year male presents with hematemesis. On examination his BP was 90\/60 mmHg and Hea Rate was 120\/min. Splenomegaly was also present. The most probable cause of his bleeding is:","input":"Choices: ['Poal Hypeension', 'Gastric ulcer', 'Duodenal ulcer', 'Drug-induced GI injury']","output":"Poal Hypeension"} +{"instruction":"All are seen in chronic calcific pancreatitis except","input":"Choices: ['Diabetes mellitus', 'Fat malabsorption', 'Hypercalcemia', 'Recurrent abdominal pain']","output":"Hypercalcemia"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is not found in DiGeorge's syndrome?","input":"Choices: ['Tetany', 'Eczema', 'Mucocutaneous candidiasis', 'Absence of T cells']","output":"Eczema"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is the main stimulator of production of eosinophils?","input":"Choices: ['IL-1', 'IL-5', 'IL-4', 'IL-6']","output":"IL-5"} +{"instruction":"Babes Ernest granules are seen in:","input":"Choices: ['Clostridium botulinium', 'Diptheria', 'Anthrax', 'Clostridium welchi']","output":"Diptheria"} +{"instruction":"A patient presents with postmenopausal bleed. Endometrial biopsy will be done if endometrial thickness is:","input":"Choices: ['3 mm', '5 mm', '7 mm', '8 mm']","output":"5 mm"} +{"instruction":"True\/False regarding pancreatitis- CECT is the IOC for acute pancreatitis. Modified Balthazar CT severity index score >6 indicates good prognosis. 'Duct penetrating sign' is seen in adenocarcinoma of pancreas. Colon cut off sign is seen in acute pancreatitis. IOC for chronic pancreatitis is MRCP.","input":"Choices: ['TFFTT', 'FFFTT', 'TFFFF', 'FFFTT']","output":"TFFTT"} +{"instruction":"If you wanted to increase the penetrating quality of the x-ray beam, what machine setting(s) would you change?","input":"Choices: ['Increase exposure time, mA, and kVp', 'Increase the mA and the kVp', 'Increase the mA', 'Increase the kVp']","output":"Increase the kVp"} +{"instruction":"Right side of mediastinal shadow is NOT formed by: September 2012","input":"Choices: ['Superior vena cava', 'Right innominate', 'Right atrium', 'Right ventricle']","output":"Right ventricle"} +{"instruction":"The hyaline membrane in the lung is seen in -","input":"Choices: ['Respiratory distress syndrome', 'Pulmonary edema', 'Pneumococcal Pneumonia', 'Acute viral hepatitis']","output":"Respiratory distress syndrome"} +{"instruction":"Triad of Wernicke's encehalopathy is all except","input":"Choices: ['Global confusion', 'ophtalmoplegia', 'ataxia', 'hemiparesis']","output":"hemiparesis"} +{"instruction":"\"Brush-fire\" pattern is seen in -","input":"Choices: ['CMV retinitis', 'Toxoplasmosis', 'Congenital rubella', 'Syphilis']","output":"CMV retinitis"} +{"instruction":"Drug causing fixed drug eruption ?","input":"Choices: ['Sulfonamide', 'Erythromycin', 'Aminoglycoside', 'None']","output":"Sulfonamide"} +{"instruction":"The uvr ABC endonuclease is involved in which one of the following processes?","input":"Choices: ['DNA replication', 'RNA splicing', 'DNA repair', 'DNA recombination']","output":"DNA repair"} +{"instruction":"Calcitriol causes all except","input":"Choices: ['Increases renal tubular reabsorption of Ca2+', 'Reduce plasma Ca2+ concentration', 'Promotes intestinal absorption of Ca2+', 'Reduces Ca2+ resorption by bone']","output":"Reduce plasma Ca2+ concentration"} +{"instruction":"Reissner membrane seperates:","input":"Choices: ['Scala Vestibuli from Scala media', 'Scala tympani from scale Vestibuli', 'Scala tympani from Scala media', 'None of the above']","output":"Scala Vestibuli from Scala media"} +{"instruction":"Mainlining is seen in which of the following drug abuse in which the patient will inject drug into main veins","input":"Choices: ['Heroin', 'Cannabis', 'Cocaine', 'Morphine']","output":"Morphine"} +{"instruction":"If a woman is assaulted by her husband then he is charged under: FMGE 11","input":"Choices: ['Sec. 498-A IPC', 'Sec. 304-A IPC', 'Sec. 304-B IPC', 'Sec. 504 IPC']","output":"Sec. 498-A IPC"} +{"instruction":"Gold standard investigation for chronic pancreatitis?","input":"Choices: ['MRI', 'ERCP', 'Pancreatic function tests', 'Fecal fat estimation']","output":"ERCP"} +{"instruction":"Voyeurism is punished under","input":"Choices: ['354 A IPC', '354 B IPC', '354 C IPC', '354 D IPC']","output":"354 C IPC"} +{"instruction":"The most common secondary malignancy in a patient having retinoblastoma is","input":"Choices: ['Osteosarcoma', 'Renal cell carcinoma', 'Pineoblastoma', 'Osteoblastoma']","output":"Osteosarcoma"} +{"instruction":"Model analysis indicated for 2 quadrants:","input":"Choices: ['Hixon-old father', 'Peck and peck index', \"Pont's index\", 'All of the above']","output":"All of the above"} +{"instruction":"Chronic lymphoedema of the limb is predisposed to all of the following except","input":"Choices: ['Thickenening of the skin', 'Recurrent soft tissue infections', \"Marjolin's ulcer\", 'Sarcoma']","output":"Marjolin's ulcer"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is involved in tumor metastasis cascade:-","input":"Choices: ['Fibronectin', 'E-Cadherin', 'Type IV collagenase', 'Tyrosine kinase']","output":"E-Cadherin"} +{"instruction":"A 56-year-old lady, who is a known case of lung cancer, presents with vomiting, headache and seizures. Investigations reveal serum osmolarity of 265 mosm\/L (normal is 285-295 mosm\/L) and a serum sodium level of 125 mEq\/L (normal value is 136-152 mEq\/L). Urine osmolarity is greater than 100 mOsm\/L She has normal water intake. Which of the following drugs is useful for this patient?","input":"Choices: ['Acetazolamide', 'Hydrochlorothiazide', 'Triamterene', 'Tolvaptan']","output":"Tolvaptan"} +{"instruction":"According to school health services recommendations, a school should have -","input":"Choices: ['1 urinal\\\\\/ 60 children and 1 privy for 100 children', '1 urinal\\\\\/ 80 children and 1 privy for 150 children', '1 urinal\\\\\/ 100 children and 1 privy for 100 children', '1 urinal\\\\\/ 100 children and 1 privy for 200 children']","output":"1 urinal\\\/ 60 children and 1 privy for 100 children"} +{"instruction":"Dapagliflozin inhibits which glucose transpoer?","input":"Choices: ['GLUT - 3', 'GLUT - 1', 'SGLT-2', 'GLUT - 2']","output":"SGLT-2"} +{"instruction":"The killing range of a military rifle is about:","input":"Choices: ['100 yards', '500 yards', '1000 yards', '300 yards']","output":"300 yards"} +{"instruction":"Long term administration of glucocorticoids can cause all of the following except:","input":"Choices: ['Proximal myopathy', 'Hyperkalemia', 'Hypertension', 'Cataract']","output":"Hyperkalemia"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is recommended in a woman with Antiphospholipid Antibodies and history of prior aboions \/ still bih.","input":"Choices: ['Aspirin only', 'Aspirin + Low molecular weight Heparin', 'Aspirin + Low molecular weight Heparin + Prednisolone', 'No Treatment']","output":"Aspirin + Low molecular weight Heparin"} +{"instruction":"H. Influenzae true statement is\/are","input":"Choices: ['Capsulated coccobacilli, shows pleomorphism.', \"Stained by Loeffler's methylene blue\/Dilute carbol fuchsin\", 'Shows satellitism (dependent upon V factor).', 'All of the above']","output":"All of the above"} +{"instruction":"Best investigation when there is clinical suspicion of pulmonary embolism in a patient is-","input":"Choices: ['D-Dimmer Assay', 'Multidetector CT angiography', 'Doppler ultrasound', 'Catheter angiography']","output":"Multidetector CT angiography"} +{"instruction":"One of the following is an example of painless midline swelling :","input":"Choices: ['Branchial cyst', 'Thyroglossal cyst', 'Cystic hygroma', 'Carotid body tumour']","output":"Thyroglossal cyst"} +{"instruction":"embryo implants on the endometrium after--------of feilisation :","input":"Choices: ['3-5 days', '7-9 days', '10 days', '16 days']","output":"7-9 days"} +{"instruction":"Main MOA brimonidine in glaucoma -","input":"Choices: ['Decreased aqueous secretion', 'Increased trabecular outflow', 'Increased uveoscleral outflow', 'Reduce vitreous volume']","output":"Decreased aqueous secretion"} +{"instruction":"Troponin-T is preferable to CPK-MB in the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction (MI) in all of the following situations, EXCEPT:","input":"Choices: ['Bedside diagnosis of MI', 'Postoperatively (after CABG)', 'Reinfarction after 4 days', 'Small infarcts']","output":"Reinfarction after 4 days"} +{"instruction":"Theodore Croll 1986 is associated with:","input":"Choices: ['Use of 18% hydrochloric acid and pumice - microabrasion', 'Use of 12 fluted bur to remove the defects', 'Bleaching techniques', \"Dakin's solution\"]","output":"Use of 18% hydrochloric acid and pumice - microabrasion"} +{"instruction":"IL-2 is secreted by -","input":"Choices: ['CD4 lymphocytes', 'CD8 cells', 'Macrophages', 'Neutrophils']","output":"CD4 lymphocytes"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following variabls is measure on ordinal scale-","input":"Choices: ['Type of anemia', 'Severity of anemia', 'Hemoglobin', 'Serum ferritin']","output":"Severity of anemia"} +{"instruction":"Association of cognitive learning","input":"Choices: ['Knowledge', 'Attitudes', 'Skills', 'All of the above']","output":"Knowledge"} +{"instruction":"Which acts on nuclear receptors","input":"Choices: ['Glucocorticoids', 'Thyroxine', 'Progesterone', 'Insulin']","output":"Thyroxine"} +{"instruction":"What is the recommended isolation period of Hepatitis A from the initial onset of symptoms?","input":"Choices: ['1 week', '2 weeks', '3 weeks', '4 weeks']","output":"2 weeks"} +{"instruction":"Non-parenteral hepatitis is -","input":"Choices: ['Hepatitis E', 'Hepatitis B', 'Hepatitis C', 'Hepatitis D']","output":"Hepatitis E"} +{"instruction":"Most common complication of tonsillectomy is-","input":"Choices: ['Hemorrhage', 'Teeth injury', 'Pneumonia', 'Otitis media']","output":"Hemorrhage"} +{"instruction":"For gold inlays gingival margin finish line should be","input":"Choices: ['Shoulder preparation', 'Chamfer preparation', 'Bevel', 'Knife edge']","output":"Bevel"} +{"instruction":"Torsades de pointes causes?","input":"Choices: ['EideQRS', 'Sho QRS', 'Wide QT', 'Sho QT']","output":"Wide QT"} +{"instruction":"The guidelines according to Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative includes all except –","input":"Choices: ['Mothers and infant to be together for 24 hours a day', 'Mother to initiate breast feeding within 4 hours of normal delivery', 'Giving newborn infants no food or drink other than breast milk', 'Encouraging breast feeding on demand']","output":"Mother to initiate breast feeding within 4 hours of normal delivery"} +{"instruction":"True about Cryptococcus neoformans is A\/E:","input":"Choices: ['Capsule excludes India ink paicles', 'Common in immunocompromised patient', 'Anti-capsular antibody prevents recurrence', 'Strongly positive Mucicarmine stain of the organism in tissue is useful']","output":"Anti-capsular antibody prevents recurrence"} +{"instruction":"Where is thermogenin located?","input":"Choices: ['Cytoplasm', 'Lysosome', 'Mitochondria', 'Golgi complex']","output":"Mitochondria"} +{"instruction":"Bilateral pleural effusion may occur in all of the following conditions except:","input":"Choices: ['Pneumococcal pneumonia', 'Constrictive pericarditis', 'Congestive cardiac failure', 'Nephrotic syndrome']","output":"Pneumococcal pneumonia"} +{"instruction":"A 26 year old third_gravida mother delivered a male baby weighing 4-2 kg at 37 weeks of gestation through an emergency caesarean section, for obstructed labour. The child developed respiratory distress one hour after bih. He was kept nil per orally (NPO) and given intravenous fluids. He maintained oxygen saturation on room air. No antibiotics were given. Chest radiograph revealed fluid in interlobar fissure. Respiratory distress settled by 24 hours of life. What is the most likely diagnosis ?","input":"Choices: ['Transient tachypnea of the newborn', 'Meconium aspiration syndrome', 'Persistent fetal circulation', 'Hyaline membrane disease']","output":"Transient tachypnea of the newborn"} +{"instruction":"Drug of choice in pregnant women with Secondary Syphilis is?","input":"Choices: ['Doxycycline', 'Benzathine Penicillin', 'Ceftriaxone', 'Cotrimoxazole']","output":"Benzathine Penicillin"} +{"instruction":"The commonest cause of congenital hypothyroidism is -","input":"Choices: ['Thyroid dysgenesis', 'Pendred syndrome', 'Defective release', 'Deficiency of deiodinase']","output":"Thyroid dysgenesis"} +{"instruction":"Auerbachs plexus is present in the -","input":"Choices: ['Colon', 'Esophagus', 'Stomach', 'All of the above']","output":"All of the above"} +{"instruction":"Hyperfractionation radiotherapy is used in the management of –","input":"Choices: ['Lung cancer', 'Breast cancer', 'Seminoma', 'Ovarian cancer']","output":"Lung cancer"} +{"instruction":"All are true for Grave's disease except: March 2012","input":"Choices: ['Commoner in males', 'Eye signs are frequent', 'Family history of autoimmune endocrine disorders may be present', 'Presence of thyroid stimulating antibodies']","output":"Commoner in males"} +{"instruction":"First sign seen in open-angle glaucoma is:","input":"Choices: ['Arcuate scotoma', 'Extension above blind spot', \"Roene's nasal step\", \"Siedel's scotoma\"]","output":"Extension above blind spot"} +{"instruction":"Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis is classically described as a:","input":"Choices: ['Type I hypersensitivity reaction', 'Tye II hypersensitivity reaction', 'Type III (Immune complex) Hypersensitivity', 'Type IV (Cell mediated) Hypersensitivity']","output":"Type III (Immune complex) Hypersensitivity"} +{"instruction":"Incomplete casting can be due to:","input":"Choices: ['Insufficient venting.', 'Inadequate or too small spreu.', 'Low casting pressure.', 'All of the above.']","output":"All of the above."} +{"instruction":"All of the following are true about prevention of vitamin A deficiency by supplements except:","input":"Choices: ['Dose in children over 1 year is 2 lac IU orally', 'Dose in infants less than 6 month (not being breast fed is 50 thousand IV orally)', 'Dose in first trimester of pregnancy is 1 lac IU', 'Under CSSM Programme first dose (1 lac IU) is given at 9 months of age along with measles']","output":"Dose in first trimester of pregnancy is 1 lac IU"} +{"instruction":"Acid mucin is best demonstrated by the stain ?","input":"Choices: ['Alcian blue', 'Periodic Acid Schiff (P.A.S.)', 'Van Gieson', 'Reticulin']","output":"Alcian blue"} +{"instruction":"A 22 year old lady died. The postmoum appearance that will indicate that she has had delivered a child are all, except :","input":"Choices: ['Walls of uterus are convex from inside.', 'Cervix is irregular and external os is patulous', 'Body of uterus is twice the length of cervix.', 'Uterus is bulky, large and heavy than nullipara']","output":"Walls of uterus are convex from inside."} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is the least common bacteria responsible for Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Bronchitis","input":"Choices: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae', 'Moraxella catarrhalis', 'Haemophilus influenza', 'Staphylocccus aureus']","output":"Staphylocccus aureus"} +{"instruction":"A 35-year-old premenopausal patient as recently developed a 1.5 cm sized pigmented lesion on her back. Which of the following forms of tissue diagnosis will you recommend for her?","input":"Choices: ['Needle biopsy', 'Trucut biopsy', 'Excision biopsy', 'Incisional biopsy']","output":"Excision biopsy"} +{"instruction":"A lady came with unilateral white skin lesions with leukotrichia. Shows 2 white spots 1 x 1cm each over left side of chin and neck. Diagnosis?","input":"Choices: ['Segmental vitiligo', 'Piebaldism', \"Waardenburg's syndrome\", 'Regional vitiligo']","output":"Segmental vitiligo"} +{"instruction":"Total mubers of codons are ?","input":"Choices: ['60', '61', '62', '64']","output":"64"} +{"instruction":"In cervical lymph node classification, grade VI is marginated at which level?","input":"Choices: ['Submandibular', 'Anterior compament', 'Upper jugular', 'Posterior triangle']","output":"Anterior compament"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following malignancy is associated with underlying progression and spreads characteristically in a stepwise fashion and hence staging the diseaseis an impoant prognostic factor?","input":"Choices: [\"Hodgkin's lymphoma\", 'Multiple myeloma', 'Mature T cell NHL', 'Mature B cell NHL']","output":"Hodgkin's lymphoma"} +{"instruction":"Very low birth weight child weighs:","input":"Choices: ['1000 gm', '< 1500gm', '< 2500 gm', '< 750 gm']","output":"< 1500gm"} +{"instruction":"All are cluster B personality disorders except?","input":"Choices: ['Antisocial', 'Narcissistic', 'Avoidant', 'Borderline']","output":"Avoidant"} +{"instruction":"Which one of the following drugs exacerbate reflux esophagitis","input":"Choices: ['Cisapride', 'Chlorpropamide', 'Theophylline', 'Metoclopramide']","output":"Theophylline"} +{"instruction":"Physiological uncoupler is-","input":"Choices: ['Thermogonin', '2, 4 nitrophenol', '2, 4Dinitrophenol', 'Oligomycin']","output":"Thermogonin"} +{"instruction":"Glutamine synthetase is a -","input":"Choices: ['Isomerase', 'Ligase', 'Lyase', 'Transferase']","output":"Ligase"} +{"instruction":"Negative staining technique is used for","input":"Choices: ['Mycobacteria', 'Pseudomonas', 'Bacillus', 'Clostridium']","output":"Bacillus"} +{"instruction":"Most common location of congenital cyst in lung:","input":"Choices: ['Right bronchus', 'Left bronchus', 'Pleural surface', 'Perihilar intrapulmonary']","output":"Right bronchus"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is true of Chicken pox?","input":"Choices: ['Virus not found in scab', 'Virus can be grown on chick embryo', 'Caused by RNA virus', 'Does not cross the placental barrier']","output":"Virus not found in scab"} +{"instruction":"All are derivatives of Neural Crest except","input":"Choices: ['Dorsal nerve root ganglia', 'Neurons of sympathetic ganglia', 'Neurons of parasympathetic ganglia', 'Neurons of sensory ganglia of 1, 2 and 8']","output":"Neurons of sensory ganglia of 1, 2 and 8"} +{"instruction":"The hookworm thrives on -","input":"Choices: ['Whole blood', 'Plasma', 'Serum', 'RBC']","output":"Plasma"} +{"instruction":"Which is not an endogenous catecholamines?","input":"Choices: ['Dopamine', 'Dobutamine', 'Adrenaline', 'Noradrenaline']","output":"Dobutamine"} +{"instruction":"Common childhood tumors are – a) Acute lymphoblastic leukemiab) Chronic lymphoblastic leukemiac) Chronic myeloid leukemiad) Brain tumore) Wilm's tumor","input":"Choices: ['ade', 'bde', 'abd', 'ad']","output":"ade"} +{"instruction":"\"Papenhemier\" bodies are composed of:","input":"Choices: ['Copper', 'Iron', 'Lead', 'Zinc']","output":"Iron"} +{"instruction":"Diffuse esophageal dilatation on barium swallow is seen in – a) Achlasiab) Trypanosomiasisc) Etidronate therapyd) Scleroderma","input":"Choices: ['ac', 'ab', 'ad', 'bc']","output":"ab"} +{"instruction":"Rare complication of measles -","input":"Choices: ['Diarrhoea', 'Pneumonia', 'Otitis media', 'SSPE']","output":"SSPE"} +{"instruction":"Radiographic projection used to diagnose horizontally faourable and unfavourable fracture of mandible is","input":"Choices: ['Lateral oblique view of mandible', 'PA view of skull', 'Reverse townes projection', 'Water view']","output":"Lateral oblique view of mandible"} +{"instruction":"Insulin mediated glucose transpo is seen in ?","input":"Choices: ['Adipose tissue', 'Brain', 'RBC', 'Kidney']","output":"Adipose tissue"} +{"instruction":"All of the following statements about Botulism are true except :","input":"Choices: ['Botulism is caused by endotoxin', 'Honey ingestion causes infant botulism', 'Constipation is seen', 'Detection of antitoxin in the serum can aid in diagnosis']","output":"Botulism is caused by endotoxin"} +{"instruction":"In Rabies, the characteristic pathological manifestation is -","input":"Choices: ['Ventriculitis', 'Encephalitis', 'Basal ganglia affection', 'Meningitis']","output":"Encephalitis"} +{"instruction":"All are true regarding bleaching powder, except –","input":"Choices: ['Contains about 33% of available chlorine', 'It is a stable compound', 'White amorphous compound', 'Strong bleaching agent']","output":"It is a stable compound"} +{"instruction":"Nerve fibres innervating sweat glands release the following at their ending","input":"Choices: ['Noradrenaline', 'Acetycholine', 'Dopamine', 'Histamine']","output":"Acetycholine"} +{"instruction":"Pyruvate can be conveed directly into all of the following EXCEPT:","input":"Choices: ['Phosphoenol Pyruvate', 'Alanine', 'Acetyl CoA', 'Lactate']","output":"Phosphoenol Pyruvate"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is true about parathyroid?","input":"Choices: ['Upper parathyroid glands are superior to junction of inferior thyroid aery and RLN', 'Most common location of ectopic parathyroid glands is paraesophageal', 'Lower parathyroid is anterior to RLN', 'All of the above']","output":"All of the above"} +{"instruction":"In all of the following conditions myopathy is seen, EXCEPT:","input":"Choices: ['X-linked hypophosphatemic ricket', 'Oncogenic osteomalacia', 'Nutritional osteomalacia', 'Cushing syndrome']","output":"X-linked hypophosphatemic ricket"} +{"instruction":"All are true about postreptococcal glomerulonephritis except ?","input":"Choices: ['Crescent formation', 'Subepithelial deposits', 'Granular deposits of IgG', 'Deposition of IgA']","output":"Deposition of IgA"} +{"instruction":"Disulfiraim and acamprosate are used for:","input":"Choices: ['Alcohol abstinence', 'Cocaine abuse', 'Opium poisoning', 'Atropine over dose']","output":"Alcohol abstinence"} +{"instruction":"35 year old male presenting with history of bleeding in peripheral smear shows leucocytosis, platelet 50,000\/mm3, increased neutrophils, normal lymphocyte, blast 12% and band form, myelocyte andmeta-myelocyte all were increased, along with t(8:21). What is the diagnosis?","input":"Choices: ['CLL', 'CML', 'AML', 'MDS']","output":"AML"} +{"instruction":"Aids infect:","input":"Choices: ['B cells', 'Helper T cells', 'Killer T cells', 'Regular T cells']","output":"Helper T cells"} +{"instruction":"Non-union is common in fracture of","input":"Choices: ['Scapula', 'Talus', 'Neck of femur', 'Tibial fracture']","output":"Neck of femur"} +{"instruction":"An ovarian neoplasm in a 15l4 year old girl is most likely to be","input":"Choices: ['Germ cell tumor', 'Epithelial tumor', 'Seoli Leydig cell tumor', 'Granulosa cell tumor']","output":"Germ cell tumor"} +{"instruction":"Which jaw cyst is pre malignant","input":"Choices: ['Radicular cyst', 'Dental cyst', 'Odontogenic keratocyst', 'Dentigerous cyst']","output":"Odontogenic keratocyst"} +{"instruction":"Blood group antigens chemically are made up of ?","input":"Choices: ['Carbohydrate', 'Glycoprotein', 'Phospholipids', 'Polysaccharide']","output":"Glycoprotein"} +{"instruction":"A newborn baby was born with phocomelia. It results due to which drug taken by mother during pregnancy","input":"Choices: ['Tetracycline', 'Thalidomide', 'Warfarin', 'Alcohol']","output":"Thalidomide"} +{"instruction":"Blood culture of a patient shows growth of gram positive cocci which are catalase positive and coagulase negative. The patient was on a CVP line last week. The most likely etiological agent is?","input":"Choices: ['Staphylococcus aureus', 'Staphylococcus epidermidis', 'Streptococcus pyogenes', 'Enterococcus faecalis']","output":"Staphylococcus epidermidis"} +{"instruction":"Earliest change in high altitude is","input":"Choices: ['Hyperventilation', 'Decrease in work capacity', 'Drowsiness', 'Polycythemia']","output":"Hyperventilation"} +{"instruction":"In posterior pituitary releases ADH & oxytocin its function disorganised lesion in","input":"Choices: ['Supraoptic & paraventricular nuclei', 'Ventromedial part of hypothalamus', 'Lateral hypothalamus', 'Posterior hypothalamus']","output":"Supraoptic & paraventricular nuclei"} +{"instruction":"Legal age of consent is ?","input":"Choices: ['10 years', '12 years', '14 years', '18 years']","output":"18 years"} +{"instruction":"A female developed consumptive coagulopathy after an obstetric event. Consumptive coagulopathy is MOST commonly found in:","input":"Choices: ['Abruptio placentae', 'IUCD', 'Dead fetus', 'Retained products of conception']","output":"Abruptio placentae"} +{"instruction":"A 38-year-old man has had thyroid surgery to remove his papillary carcinoma. The external laryngeal nerve that accompanies the superior thyroid aery is damaged during the surgery.This injury could result in a severe impairment of function of which of the following","input":"Choices: ['Relaxing the vocal cords', 'Rotating the arytenoid cailages', 'Tensing the vocal cords', 'Widening the rima glottidis']","output":"Tensing the vocal cords"} +{"instruction":"In patients with Chronic Myeloid Leukemia","input":"Choices: ['ABL gene on Chr. 22 is trans-located to BCR gene on Chr.9', 'The fusion gene bcr-abl forms a protein with tyrosine kinase activity', 'Splenomegaly is unusual', 'Philadelphia chromosome positive patients respond poorly to Imatinib']","output":"The fusion gene bcr-abl forms a protein with tyrosine kinase activity"} +{"instruction":"Giving false evidence under oath is defined under section?","input":"Choices: ['161 IPC', '171 IPC', '181 IPC', '191 IPC']","output":"191 IPC"} +{"instruction":"Characteristic postmortem finding of carbolic acid poisoning is","input":"Choices: ['Grunish stomach', 'Yellow charred stomach', 'Brown leathery stomoch', 'Black charred stomach']","output":"Brown leathery stomoch"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following drug is used as a Transcranial patch for Parkinson's disease","input":"Choices: ['Levodopa', 'Rotigotine', 'Selegiline', 'Carbidopa']","output":"Rotigotine"} +{"instruction":"Rheumatoid arthritis pericarditis is -","input":"Choices: ['Serous', 'Fibrinous', 'Serofibrinous', 'Adhesives']","output":"Fibrinous"} +{"instruction":"The ECG in hyperkalemia classically shows:September 2009, 2010","input":"Choices: ['Increase QRS duration', 'Shoened PR interval', 'Prominent U waves', 'Increased R wave amplitude']","output":"Increase QRS duration"} +{"instruction":"Expression and release of a repressed emotion is called as","input":"Choices: ['Regression', 'Dissociation', 'Abreaction', 'Confabulation']","output":"Abreaction"} +{"instruction":"An 11-year-old boy was brought to the pediatric OPD with multiple abscesses over his face, chest, and back. The child has a history of recurrentrespiratory infections. On examination, he has atopic excoriating skin and multiple cold abscesses on his back. What is the most probable diagnosis?","input":"Choices: ['Hyper IgE syndrome', 'Hyper IgM syndrome', 'Carcinoid syndrome', 'Wiskott aldrich syndrome']","output":"Hyper IgE syndrome"} +{"instruction":"Origin of ovary is from -","input":"Choices: ['Wolffian duct', 'Genital duct', 'Genital ridge', 'Genital tubercle']","output":"Genital ridge"} +{"instruction":"An indicator is said to valid if","input":"Choices: [\"It also measures the thing it didn't suppose to measure\", 'It measures the thing it expected to measure', 'Over value when measured by different method', 'Under value when measured by different method']","output":"It measures the thing it expected to measure"} +{"instruction":"The following virus can be grown only in suckling mice-","input":"Choices: ['Coxsackie virus', 'Rhinovirus', 'Echovirus', 'Poliovirus']","output":"Coxsackie virus"} +{"instruction":"Which of the organism causes malignant otitis externa?","input":"Choices: ['Staphylococcus aureus', 'Pseudomonas aeruginosa', 'Candida albicans', 'E. coli']","output":"Pseudomonas aeruginosa"} +{"instruction":"Trickling filter is used in:","input":"Choices: ['Primary treatment of sewage', 'Secondary treatment of sewage', 'Oxygen ponds', 'Sewage farming']","output":"Secondary treatment of sewage"} +{"instruction":"Soemmering's ring is seen in -","input":"Choices: ['Posterior subcapsular cataract', 'After cataract', 'Endophthalmitis', 'Fuchs heterochromia iridis']","output":"After cataract"} +{"instruction":"Bacteria not causing ophthalmia neonatorum ?","input":"Choices: ['Chlamydia', 'Gonococcus', 'Pseudomonas', 'Moraxella']","output":"Moraxella"} +{"instruction":"A patient with suspicious breast lump, Ultrasonography repo tells BI-RADS-4. What is your inference?","input":"Choices: ['Benign lesion requires no follow up', 'Probably benign requires follow up', 'Suspicious lesion requires biopsy', 'Highly suggestive of malignancy']","output":"Suspicious lesion requires biopsy"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following elements is obsolete in radiotherapy","input":"Choices: ['Radium 226', 'Cobalt 60', 'Iridium 192', 'Cesium 137']","output":"Radium 226"} +{"instruction":"IPC for criminal responsibility defining non-offence is?","input":"Choices: ['82', '182', '88', '188']","output":"82"} +{"instruction":"The primary goal of glucocorticoid treatment in rheumatoid arthritis is:","input":"Choices: ['Suppression of inflammation and improvement in functional capacity', 'Reversal of the degenerative process', 'Development of a sense of well-being in the patient', 'Prevention of suppression of the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis']","output":"Suppression of inflammation and improvement in functional capacity"} +{"instruction":"Thyroxine is transpoed by?","input":"Choices: ['Albumin', 'Transthyretin', 'Transferrin', 'Ceruloplasmin']","output":"Albumin"} +{"instruction":"What is true regarding sulfasalazine?","input":"Choices: ['Active moiety is 5 amino salicylic acid in ulcerative colitis', 'Inactive moiety is 5 amino salicylic acid in ulcerative colitis', 'Inactive moiety in rheumatoid ahritis is Sulfapyridine', 'It gets activated in the stomach']","output":"Active moiety is 5 amino salicylic acid in ulcerative colitis"} +{"instruction":"Chorionic villous sampling done before 10 weeks may results in :","input":"Choices: ['Fetal less', 'Fetomaternal hemorrhage', 'Oromandibular limb defects', 'Sufficient material not obtained']","output":"Oromandibular limb defects"} +{"instruction":"Most common site of primary spinal tumor","input":"Choices: ['Intramedullary; Extradural', 'Intramedullary only', 'Intradural; Extramedullary', 'Intra axially only']","output":"Intradural; Extramedullary"} +{"instruction":"PQLI includes -","input":"Choices: ['IMR', 'Life expectancy at birth', 'MMR', 'Per capita income']","output":"IMR"} +{"instruction":"Splenomegaly may be a feature of: March 2013","input":"Choices: ['Megaloblastic anemia', 'Sickle cell anemia', 'Thalassemia', 'G6PD deficiency']","output":"Sickle cell anemia"} +{"instruction":"Lens derives nutrition from -","input":"Choices: ['Vitreous', 'Aqueous', \"Optic artery'\", 'Ophthalmic artery']","output":"Aqueous"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is not seen in the given clinical condition:","input":"Choices: ['Glaucoma', 'Seizures', 'Port wine stain', 'Parkinsonian signs']","output":"Parkinsonian signs"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is the binding site of organophosphorous compounds","input":"Choices: ['Anionic site of Ache', 'Esteric site of Ache', 'Nm receptors', 'plasma cholinesterase']","output":"Esteric site of Ache"} +{"instruction":"Nephrotoxic agent is","input":"Choices: ['Methoxy flurone', 'Isoflurone', 'Halothane', 'N20']","output":"Methoxy flurone"} +{"instruction":"Pharmaceutical product, benzoic acid, is detoxified by binding with which of the following amino acid?","input":"Choices: ['Alanine', 'Glycine', 'Tyrosine', 'Leucine']","output":"Glycine"} +{"instruction":"Cfitoris develops from","input":"Choices: ['Urogenital Sinus', 'Labio Scrotal Swelling', 'Genital folds', 'Genital tubercle']","output":"Genital tubercle"} +{"instruction":"Myocardial isoenzyme of CK which is specific for myocardial infarction is -","input":"Choices: ['CK-BB', 'CK-MB', 'CK-MM', 'All of the above']","output":"CK-MB"} +{"instruction":"What is the angle subtended on each letter of the snellen's cha?","input":"Choices: ['5 degrees', '10 degrees', '5 minutes', '10 minutes']","output":"5 minutes"} +{"instruction":"Topical drug that can cause Heterochromia Iridis","input":"Choices: ['Timolol', 'Olopatadine', 'Latanoprost', 'Brimonidine']","output":"Latanoprost"} +{"instruction":"50-year-old, presents with enlarged knuckles and large subcutaneous nodules near her elbows. Her proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joints are hyperextended and her distal interphalangeal (DIP) joints are flexed. If the nodules were biopsied, which of the following would best describe their likely histological appearance?","input":"Choices: ['Amorphous crystalline mass surrounded by macrophages', 'Cystic space caused by myxoid degeneration of connective tissue', 'Darkly pigmented synovium with an exuberant, villous growth', 'Fibrinoid necrosis surrounded by palisading epithelioid cells']","output":"Fibrinoid necrosis surrounded by palisading epithelioid cells"} +{"instruction":"Vasanti, a 25-year-old-girl, presents with complaints of fever and weakness. On examination there is splenomegaly of 3 cm below the costal margin.Hb is 8 gm\/dL, TLC is 3,000\/mm3 , platelet count is 80,000 mm3. Which of the following is the least likely diagnosis -","input":"Choices: ['Acute lymphocytic leukemia', 'Anemia of chronic disease', 'Aplastic anemia', 'Megaloblastic anemia']","output":"Aplastic anemia"} +{"instruction":"Hemodialysis associated amyloid is deposited in -","input":"Choices: ['Knee joint', 'Tongue', 'Liver', 'Tongue']","output":"Knee joint"} +{"instruction":"Coin shaped eczema is-","input":"Choices: ['Nummular eczema', 'Atopic acema', 'Infantile eczema', 'Endogenous eczema']","output":"Nummular eczema"} +{"instruction":"Annual infection rate of tuberculosis is defined as ?","input":"Choices: ['Percentage of total patients positive for tuberculin test', 'Percentage of new patients positive for tuberculin test', 'Percentage of sputum positive total patients', 'Percentage of sputum positive new patients']","output":"Percentage of new patients positive for tuberculin test"} +{"instruction":"True about Dyskeratosis congenita -a) Pancytopeniab) Nail dystrophyc) Hyperkeratosisd) X linkede) Leukoplakia","input":"Choices: ['abcd', 'bcde', 'acde', 'abde']","output":"abde"} +{"instruction":"The internal pudendal aery arises from which of the following aeries?","input":"Choices: ['External iliac aery', 'Inferior vesical aery', 'Internal iliac aery', 'Inferior epigastric aery']","output":"Internal iliac aery"} +{"instruction":"Protein affected in spinocerebellar ataxia type 6","input":"Choices: ['Ataxin', 'a1A-Voltage-dependent calcium channel subunit', 'Atrophin', 'Androgen receptor']","output":"a1A-Voltage-dependent calcium channel subunit"} +{"instruction":"which of the following is not a side effect of MAOI","input":"Choices: ['hypeensive crisis', 'hypotension', 'sexual dysfunctions', 'cheese reaction']","output":"hypotension"} +{"instruction":"A patient with head injury opens eyes on painful stimulus, uses inappropriate words and localizes pain. What is his GCS score: September 2012","input":"Choices: ['8', '10', '12', '14']","output":"10"} +{"instruction":"Earliest radiological change in RHEUMATOID AHRITIS is ?","input":"Choices: ['Decreased joint space', 'Aicular erosion', 'Periaicular osteopenia', 'Subchondral cyst']","output":"Periaicular osteopenia"} +{"instruction":"Vector of scrub typhus in man -","input":"Choices: ['O. Tstsugamushi', 'Leptotrombidium deliense', 'Lice', 'Pediculous humanus']","output":"Leptotrombidium deliense"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following DPP IV inhibitors does not require dose modification in Chronic kidney disease patients","input":"Choices: ['Sitagliptin', 'Vildagliptin', 'Linagliptin', 'All of the above']","output":"Linagliptin"} +{"instruction":"Amyloid is stained with: September 2009, March 2013","input":"Choices: [\"Lugol's iodine\", 'Methyl violet', 'Congo red', 'Sudan black']","output":"Congo red"} +{"instruction":"All are involved in Brown sequard syndrome except","input":"Choices: ['Ipsilateral pyramidal tract', 'Contralateral dorsal column', 'Contralateral spinothalamic tract', 'Ipsilateral plantar extensor']","output":"Contralateral dorsal column"} +{"instruction":"An otherwise healthy male presents with a creamy curd like white patch on the tongue. The probable diagnosis is:","input":"Choices: ['Candidiasis', 'Histoplasmosis', 'Lichen planus', 'Aspergillosis']","output":"Candidiasis"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following anticancer drug is excreted by lungs?","input":"Choices: ['5-Fluorouracil', 'Cyclophosphamide', 'Doxorubicin', 'Cisplatin']","output":"5-Fluorouracil"} +{"instruction":"The vanity of mesencephalic brain vesicle is","input":"Choices: ['Lateral ventricle', 'Third ventricle', 'Fouh ventricle', 'Cerebral aqueduct']","output":"Cerebral aqueduct"} +{"instruction":"2% neutral sodium fluoride contains-","input":"Choices: ['20 g sodium fluoride powder in 1000 ml distilled water', '20 mg sodium fluoride powder in 1000 ml distilled water', '20 g sodium fluoride powder in 100 ml distilled water', '20 mg sodium fluoride powder in 100 ml distilled water']","output":"20 g sodium fluoride powder in 1000 ml distilled water"} +{"instruction":"In a healthy individual on a normal diet, which of the following ion is completely absorbed in tubules","input":"Choices: ['Na+', 'K+', 'Cl-', 'HCO3-']","output":"HCO3-"} +{"instruction":"Pitch discrimination is best between","input":"Choices: ['0-100 Hz', '100-1000 Hz', '1000-4000 Hz', '20-20,000 Hz']","output":"100-1000 Hz"} +{"instruction":"The basal ganglia function from thalamus is controlled by ?","input":"Choices: ['Anterior nucleus', 'Intralaminar nucleus', 'Dorsal nucleus', 'Pulvinar nucleus']","output":"Anterior nucleus"} +{"instruction":"Staphylococcus in stool occurs in","input":"Choices: ['Staphylococcal food poisoning', 'Ischiorectal abscess', 'Toxic shock syndrome', 'May be a normal finding']","output":"Staphylococcal food poisoning"} +{"instruction":"Most friable vegetation is seen in:","input":"Choices: ['Infective endocarditis', 'Libman Sacks endocarditis', 'Rheumatic hea disease', 'Rheumatoid hea disease']","output":"Infective endocarditis"} +{"instruction":"What age range does the Phallic\/Oedipal stage of Freud' theory correspond to:","input":"Choices: ['0-1 year', '3-6 years', '2-3 years', '6-12 years']","output":"3-6 years"} +{"instruction":"Sulfonamide is conjugated with","input":"Choices: ['Acetylation', 'Methylation', 'Hydroxylation', 'None']","output":"Acetylation"} +{"instruction":"A 40-year-old woman who is a known case of anxiety disorder and has prominent symptoms of frontal headache is being treated with a procedure in which the tension in the frontalis muscle is measured regularly. The readings are projected on to a computer screen, which patient can see. She is then taught to use mental techniques to decrease tension in this muscle. Which of the following treatment techniques does this example illustrate?","input":"Choices: ['Implosion', 'Biofeedback', 'Aversive conditioning', 'Flooding']","output":"Biofeedback"} +{"instruction":"All are about brucella except","input":"Choices: ['B. abous is capnophilic', 'Transmission by aerosol can occur occasionally', 'Paesturisation destroys it', '2ME is used to detect IgA']","output":"2ME is used to detect IgA"} +{"instruction":"All are the causes of nephrocalcinosis in granulomatous disease except -","input":"Choices: ['Increased absorption of ca from intestine', 'Increased conversion to 1,25 (OH )2 D', 'Increased bone resorption', 'Mutation in calcium sensing receptor']","output":"Mutation in calcium sensing receptor"} +{"instruction":"Privation of any member of joint is a ... hurt -","input":"Choices: ['Simple', 'Grievous', 'Serious', 'Dangerous']","output":"Grievous"} +{"instruction":"Aspergers syndrome is a –","input":"Choices: ['Developmental delay', 'Neuromuscular disease', 'Degenerative disorder', 'Metabolic disorder']","output":"Developmental delay"} +{"instruction":"Reagent used in Apt test","input":"Choices: ['Sodium hydroxide', 'Sodium chloride', 'Potassium Chloride', 'Sodium bicarbonate']","output":"Sodium hydroxide"} +{"instruction":"Murphy&;s eye is seen in","input":"Choices: ['Macintosh laryngoscope', 'Endotracheal tube', 'LMA', 'Flexible laryngoscope']","output":"Endotracheal tube"} +{"instruction":"Strangulation most commonly occurs in____ hernia.","input":"Choices: [\"Ritcher's\", 'Spigelian', 'Femoral', 'Sliding']","output":"Femoral"} +{"instruction":"Hepatic enzyme undergoes phosphorylation from dephosphorvlated state. Which of the following is true","input":"Choices: ['Affected by level of Catecholamines', 'Occurs in starvation rather than well fed state', 'Always activated by c-AMP dependent protein kinase', 'Always activates the enzyme']","output":"Always activated by c-AMP dependent protein kinase"} +{"instruction":"The following features differentiate Rotor syndrome from Dubin Johnson's syndrome EXCEPT","input":"Choices: ['Liver in patients with Rotor syndrome has no increased pigmentation and appears normal', 'In Rotor syndrome, Gall bladder is usually visualized on cholecystography', 'Total urinary coproporphyin is substantially increased in Rotor syndrome', 'Fraction of coproporphyin I in urine is elevated usually more than 80% of the total in Rotor syndrome']","output":"Fraction of coproporphyin I in urine is elevated usually more than 80% of the total in Rotor syndrome"} +{"instruction":"Eye of the tiger sign is previously known to have one to one correlation with which of the following conditions?","input":"Choices: ['Pantothenate kinase associated neurodegeneration (PKAN)', 'Neurofibromatosis type-1', 'Glomus tumor', 'Alobar holorosencephaly']","output":"Pantothenate kinase associated neurodegeneration (PKAN)"} +{"instruction":"Abnormal excretory function of hepatocytes assessed by -a) Increased PTb) Increased ALTc) Increased Alkaline Phosphatased) Increased gamma GT","input":"Choices: ['cd', 'bc', 'bd', 'ac']","output":"cd"} +{"instruction":"Large nasal cavity with thick crust formation internally and 'woody' feel of external nose is TRUE about?","input":"Choices: ['Rhinoscleroma', 'Rhinosporidiosis', 'Atrophic rhinitis', 'Vasomotor rhinitis']","output":"Rhinoscleroma"} +{"instruction":"The reproductive method by which fungi asexually produce rectangular spores by fragmentation of hyphae is known as","input":"Choices: ['Chlamydospore', 'Blastospore', 'Conidiophore', 'Ahrospore']","output":"Ahrospore"} +{"instruction":"A 38 year old woman presented with a 2 week history of tender, swollen nodules on her lower legs. Her only current medication was a triphasic oral contraceptive. She denies any history of inflammatory bowel disease, sarcoidosis, or chronic infections. Physical examination revealed erythematous nodular swellings on the anterior lower legs. A punch biopsy specimen was obtained from a lesion on the left anterior tibia reveals a septal inflammation of subcutaneous fat. This best description of this rash is:","input":"Choices: ['Koebner phenomenon', 'Livedo racemosa', 'Erythema nodosum', 'Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus']","output":"Erythema nodosum"} +{"instruction":"Round worm infection is best treated with :","input":"Choices: ['Metronidazole', 'Mebendazole', 'Albendazol', 'Pyrantel pamoate']","output":"Albendazol"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following can lead to gnawing radiating pain?","input":"Choices: ['Herpetic stomatitis', 'ANUG', 'Chronic Periodontitis', 'None']","output":"ANUG"} +{"instruction":"Lithium disilicate containing crystals in ceramic crown are?","input":"Choices: ['IPS Empress', 'Captek', 'Dicor', 'IPS Empress 2']","output":"IPS Empress 2"} +{"instruction":"Consequences of obstructive sleep apnea are all except","input":"Choices: ['Pulmonary vasoconstriction', 'Systemic Hypertension', 'Parasympathetic hyper stimulation', 'Polycythemia']","output":"Parasympathetic hyper stimulation"} +{"instruction":"Day care surgery intravenous anesthetic agent of choice-","input":"Choices: ['Thiopentone', 'Propofol', 'Etomidate', 'Ketamine']","output":"Propofol"} +{"instruction":"Acetylcholine is secreted in eyes by","input":"Choices: ['Bipolar cells', 'Ganglion cells', 'Horizontal cells', 'Amacrine cells']","output":"Amacrine cells"} +{"instruction":"A 3 year old boy with normal developmental milestones with delayed speech and difficulty in communication and concentration. He is not making friends. Most probable diagnosis is","input":"Choices: ['Autism', 'ADHD', 'Mental retardation', 'Specific learning disability']","output":"Autism"} +{"instruction":"All of the following are approaches to healtheducation:","input":"Choices: ['Service approach', 'Regulatory approach', 'Health education approach', 'Mass media']","output":"Mass media"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following drugs is associated with gingival hyperplasia?","input":"Choices: ['Dihydropyridines', 'Tetracyclines', 'Cyclosporin', 'Metronidazole']","output":"Cyclosporin"} +{"instruction":"Xeroderma pigmentation is caused due to a group of closely related abnormalities in:","input":"Choices: ['Mismatch repair', 'Base excision repair', 'Nucleotide excision repair', 'Phagosomes']","output":"Nucleotide excision repair"} +{"instruction":"A farmer presenting with fever off and on for the past 4 years was diagnosed to be suffering from chronic Brucellosis. All of the following serological tests would be helpful in the diagnosis at this state except:","input":"Choices: ['Standard agglutination test', '2-mercapto-ethanol test', 'Complement fixation test', \"Coomb's test\"]","output":"Standard agglutination test"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following immunosuppressant drugs is nephrotoxic?","input":"Choices: ['Azathioprine', 'Cyclophosphamide', 'Mycophenolate mofetil', 'Tacrolimus']","output":"Tacrolimus"} +{"instruction":"Giant cell tumor is seen at","input":"Choices: ['Epiphysis', 'Metaphysis', 'Diaphysis', 'Growth plate']","output":"Epiphysis"} +{"instruction":"Duochrome test is used for","input":"Choices: ['Colour blindness', 'Cylindrical axis', 'Spherical axis', 'Astigmatism']","output":"Spherical axis"} +{"instruction":"Reservoir of plague is ?","input":"Choices: ['Domestic rat', 'Wild rat', 'Rat flea', 'Man']","output":"Wild rat"} +{"instruction":"Magnan's symptom is?","input":"Choices: ['Auditory hallucination', 'Visual hallucination', 'Tactile hallucination', 'Olfactory hallucination']","output":"Tactile hallucination"} +{"instruction":"Nelson syndrome is seen following","input":"Choices: ['Cholecystectomy', 'Spleenectomy', 'Duodenectomy', 'Adrenalectomy']","output":"Adrenalectomy"} +{"instruction":"Findings of trigeminal nerve injury include -","input":"Choices: ['Pupillary dilation', 'Loss of blinking reflex of eye', 'Normal jaw reflex', 'Ptosis']","output":"Loss of blinking reflex of eye"} +{"instruction":"Prognostic stage groups in carcinoma breast include all except","input":"Choices: ['Tumour size', 'Grade', 'HER-2 status', 'Age']","output":"Age"} +{"instruction":"The posterior end of which muscle inseion lies near the macula ?","input":"Choices: ['Inferior oblique', 'Superior oblique', 'Superior rectus', 'Inferior rectus']","output":"Inferior oblique"} +{"instruction":"Most common cause of hypercalcemic crisis is -a) Carcinoma breastb) Parathyroid hyperplasiac) Parathyroid adenomad) Paget's disease","input":"Choices: ['a', 'bc', 'ad', 'ac']","output":"ac"} +{"instruction":"Homonymous hemianopia with usually sparing of the macula is seen in lesions of:","input":"Choices: ['Geniculate body', 'Optic radiations', 'Visual coex', 'All of the above']","output":"Visual coex"} +{"instruction":"Isometric relaxation is defined as","input":"Choices: ['Relaxation of both atria', 'Relaxation of both atria with all valves open', 'Relaxation of LV with mital and aortic valve closed', 'Relaxation of LV with mital and aortic valve open']","output":"Relaxation of LV with mital and aortic valve closed"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following Anti-retro viral agent can cause bone marrow suppression?","input":"Choices: ['Ritonavir', 'Zidovudine', 'Stavudine', 'Didanosine']","output":"Zidovudine"} +{"instruction":"All the following are the features of the Kuntscher (K) nail devised by a German surgeon for internal fixation of femoral fractures except","input":"Choices: ['It is clover leaf in cross section', 'The nail has eye at one end', 'The nail is a hollow with a slot on one side', 'The fixation by k nailing is based on the three point fixation']","output":"The nail has eye at one end"} +{"instruction":"Sacroccygeal teratoma is embryological remnant of:-","input":"Choices: ['Neural tube', 'Allantois', 'Notochord', 'Primitive streak']","output":"Primitive streak"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is beneficial for patient suffering from gyrate atrophy of choroid due to deficiency of enzyme Ornithine trans carbomylase","input":"Choices: ['Ornithine free diet', 'Arginine free diet', 'Folic acid & pyridoxine', 'Angiod Streaks']","output":"Arginine free diet"} +{"instruction":"All are growth promoting oncogenes except ?","input":"Choices: ['FGF', 'TGF-a', 'TGF-(3', 'PDGF']","output":"TGF-(3"} +{"instruction":"Which is the most common cause of urinary retention in an elderly man ?","input":"Choices: ['Constriction', 'Bladder neck hypertrophy', 'Ca prostrate', 'BPH']","output":"BPH"} +{"instruction":"Human retina consists about","input":"Choices: ['100 million Rods & 5 million Cones', '5 million Rods & 100 million Cones', '100 million Rods & 100 million Cones', '5 million Rods & 5 million Cones']","output":"100 million Rods & 5 million Cones"} +{"instruction":"Allopurinol specifically inhibits which enzyme?","input":"Choices: ['Xanthine oxidase', 'Arginase', 'Carbamoyl transferase', 'Urease']","output":"Xanthine oxidase"} +{"instruction":"Hepatitis B can be transmitted through all of the following, except","input":"Choices: ['Semen', 'Blood', 'Breast milk', 'Fecal-oral (stool)']","output":"Fecal-oral (stool)"} +{"instruction":"Prostaglandin E2 analogs can be used for all of the following conditions EXCEPT :","input":"Choices: ['Treatment of patent ductus arteriosus', 'Treatment of bronchial asthma', 'Cervical priming', 'Treatment of NSAID induced peptic ulcer']","output":"Treatment of patent ductus arteriosus"} +{"instruction":"In the most refractive eyes the peak sensitivity of retinal rods and cones pigment is?","input":"Choices: ['260 and 500 respectively', '460 and 480 respectively', '398 and 550 respectively', '498 and 555 respectively']","output":"498 and 555 respectively"} +{"instruction":"Confabulation is a defect of -","input":"Choices: ['Memory', 'Intelligence', 'Attention', 'Concentration']","output":"Memory"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is called as Klatskin's tumor","input":"Choices: ['Fibrolamellar hepatocelluar carcinoma', 'Hilar cholangiocarcinoma', 'Gall bladder adenocarcinoma', 'Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma']","output":"Hilar cholangiocarcinoma"} +{"instruction":"Synaptic potentials can be recorded by:","input":"Choices: ['Patch clamp technique', 'Voltage clamp technique', 'Microelectrode', 'EEG']","output":"Microelectrode"} +{"instruction":"Reverse transcriptase of HBV is coded on following gene -","input":"Choices: ['c gene', 's gene', 'p gene', 'x gene']","output":"p gene"} +{"instruction":"A 26 years male person has got injury to mid arm patient developed wrist drop, finger drop, loss of sensation and dorsum of hand, patient is able to do elbow extension, the diagnosis is","input":"Choices: ['Very high radial nerve injury', 'High radial nerve injury', 'Low radial nerve injury', 'Posterior Interooseus nerve']","output":"High radial nerve injury"} +{"instruction":"A Poly A base sequence would be most likely found at the","input":"Choices: [\"5' end of a prokaryotic messenger RNA (mRNA)\", \"3' end of a prokaryotic mRNA\", \"5' end of a eukaryotic mRNA\", \"3' end of a eukaryotic mRNA\"]","output":"3' end of a eukaryotic mRNA"} +{"instruction":"Referred pain in ear is due to all EXCEPT:","input":"Choices: ['Furunculosis', 'Oral cavity tumors', 'TM joint problems', 'Teething']","output":"Furunculosis"} +{"instruction":"Persistent priapism is due to?","input":"Choices: ['Sickle cell anaemia', 'Hairy cell leukaemia', 'Paraphimosis', 'Urethral stenosis']","output":"Sickle cell anaemia"} +{"instruction":"One of the following statement is unique about circumpulpal dentine","input":"Choices: ['Collagen fibers are oriented perpendicular to DEJ', 'Vonkorff fibers are present', 'Contain phosphophoryn', 'Requires matrix vesicle for mineralization']","output":"Contain phosphophoryn"} +{"instruction":"Most important dose-limiting toxicity of cancer chemotherapy is :","input":"Choices: ['Gastrointestinal toxicity', 'Neurotoxicity', 'Bone marrow suppression', 'Nephrotoxicity']","output":"Bone marrow suppression"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is not a feature of torus mandibular's?","input":"Choices: ['Common in Mongoloids', 'Present on the Lingual surface of mandible below the nnylohyoicl Line', 'Usually Bilateral.', 'May or may not associated with torus palatinus']","output":"Present on the Lingual surface of mandible below the nnylohyoicl Line"} +{"instruction":"A girl has pain and blurring of vision while reading","input":"Choices: ['Asthenopia', 'Esotropia', 'Exotropia', 'Esophoria']","output":"Asthenopia"} +{"instruction":"A female at 37 week of pregnancy comes with grade 3 placenta pre, bleeding per vaginum with uterine contractions. What is the MOST appropriate management in this patient?","input":"Choices: ['Dexamethasone and nifedipine', 'Bed rest and sedation', 'Wait and watch', 'Emergency LSCS']","output":"Emergency LSCS"} +{"instruction":"True about acanthosis nigricans","input":"Choices: ['Seen in axilla', 'It is associated with insulin resistance', 'It signifies internal malignancy', 'All of the above']","output":"All of the above"} +{"instruction":"Which of these is TRUE regarding Libman sach's lesion -","input":"Choices: ['Causes perforation of valves', 'Involves mulitple valves', 'Consists of large vegetation', 'Vegetations on the surface of valve spreads to mural endocardium']","output":"Vegetations on the surface of valve spreads to mural endocardium"} +{"instruction":"Sacrospinous ligament is crossed by all, EXCEPT:","input":"Choices: ['Internal pudendalaretry', 'Internal pudendal vein', 'Nerve to obturatorinternus', 'None of the above']","output":"None of the above"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is an amide hormone?","input":"Choices: ['Thyroid releasing hormone', 'Melanocyte stimulating hormone', 'ACTH', 'TSH']","output":"Thyroid releasing hormone"} +{"instruction":"HMP shunt is of great importance in cellular metabolism because it produces","input":"Choices: ['ATP', 'ADP', 'Acetyl CoA', 'NADPH']","output":"NADPH"} +{"instruction":"Monro-kellie doctrine is related to injury of -","input":"Choices: ['Head', 'Abdomen', 'Chest', 'Leg']","output":"Head"} +{"instruction":"Tensile strength of wound becomes normal after","input":"Choices: ['6 weeks', 'Never', '4 months', '6 months']","output":"Never"} +{"instruction":"Mucin layer tear flilm deficiency occurs in:","input":"Choices: ['Keratoconjunctivitis sicca', 'Lacrimal gland removal', 'Canalicular block', 'Herpetic keratitis']","output":"Keratoconjunctivitis sicca"} +{"instruction":"All of the following must be done for management of patient with the following ECG, except?","input":"Choices: ['CPR for 60-90 seconds', 'Epinephrine', 'Vasopressin', 'Soda bicarbonate']","output":"Soda bicarbonate"} +{"instruction":"16 year old female presents with primary amenorrhoea with B\/L inguinal hernia. She has normal sexual development with no pubic hair. USG shows no uterus and ovaries and a blind vagina. Diagnosis is :","input":"Choices: [\"Turner's syndrome\", 'Mullerian agenesis', 'STAR syndrome', 'Androgen insensitivity syndrome']","output":"Androgen insensitivity syndrome"} +{"instruction":"A person stands up. Compared with the recumbent position, 1 minute after standing, the","input":"Choices: ['Skin blood flow increases', 'Volume of blood in leg veins increases', 'Cardiac preload increases', 'Cardiac contractility decreases']","output":"Volume of blood in leg veins increases"} +{"instruction":"Which presbyopic lens is used for 45 year old emmetropic individual?","input":"Choices: ['+0.5D', '+1.0D', '+1.5D', '+2.0D']","output":"+1.0D"} +{"instruction":"The shoest diameter of fetal head :","input":"Choices: ['Biparietal diameter', 'Suboccipitofrontal diameter', 'Occipitofrontal diameter', 'Bitemporal diameter']","output":"Bitemporal diameter"} +{"instruction":"Blind spot enlargement indicates:","input":"Choices: ['Retinal detachment', 'Avulsion of optic nerve', 'Papilloedema', 'Papillitis']","output":"Papilloedema"} +{"instruction":"What happens to hepcidin levels in Anemia of chronic disease","input":"Choices: ['Increases', 'Decreases', 'Remains normal', 'Any of the above']","output":"Increases"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following fracture needs a violent force?","input":"Choices: ['Fracture Neck of femur', 'Interochanteric fracture', 'Clavicle fracture', 'Colles fracture']","output":"Interochanteric fracture"} +{"instruction":"D.I.C. is seen in -","input":"Choices: ['Acute promyelocytic leukemia', 'Acute myelomonocytic leukemia', 'CMC', 'Autoimmune hemolytic anemia']","output":"Acute promyelocytic leukemia"} +{"instruction":"Number of live bih\/1000 women of reproductive age group in one year is-","input":"Choices: ['Age specific feility rate', 'Gross reproduction rate', 'Total feility rate', 'General feility rate']","output":"General feility rate"} +{"instruction":"The only FDA approved application of nitric oxide is ?","input":"Choices: ['Primary pulmonary hypeension', 'Newborn with pulmonary hypeension', 'Congestive cardiac failure', 'HAPE']","output":"Newborn with pulmonary hypeension"} +{"instruction":"The signs and symptoms of CRF are seen from what stage of renal deterioration -","input":"Choices: ['GFR-90ml\/min\/1.73m2', 'GFR-70ml\/min\/1.73m2', 'GFR-45ml\/min\/1.73m2', 'GFR-80ml\/min\/1.73m2']","output":"GFR-45ml\/min\/1.73m2"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following condition is associated with necrotizing lymphadenitis?","input":"Choices: [\"Hodgkin's disease\", 'Kikuchi disease', 'Kimura disease', 'Sarcoidosis']","output":"Kikuchi disease"} +{"instruction":"Pancuronium differs from tubocurarine in that:","input":"Choices: ['It is a depolarizing blocker', 'Its action is not reversed by neostigmine', 'It can cause rise in BP on rapid I.V. injection', 'It causes marked histamine release']","output":"It can cause rise in BP on rapid I.V. injection"} +{"instruction":"Most likely feature in Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser syndrome along with primary amenorrhea is:","input":"Choices: ['Ovary agenesis', 'Absent secondary sexual characteristics', 'Vaginal atresia', 'Bicornuate uterus']","output":"Vaginal atresia"} +{"instruction":"Ligature mark is horizontal in: NEET 14","input":"Choices: ['Hanging', 'Strangulation', 'Both of the above', 'None of the above']","output":"Strangulation"} +{"instruction":"A 60 year old man is brought to a psychiatrist with a 10 year history, that he suspects his neighbours and he feels that whenever he passes by they sneeze and plan agaist behind his back. He feels that his wife has been replaced by a double and calls police for help. He is quite well groomed ale, occasionaly consumes alcohol, likely diagnosis is:","input":"Choices: ['Paranoid personality', 'Paranoid schizophrenia', 'Alcohol withdrawal', 'Conversion disorder']","output":"Paranoid schizophrenia"} +{"instruction":"Central mystagmus ?","input":"Choices: ['Suppressed by optic fixation', 'More than 1 minute duration', 'Fixed direction', 'Fatiguable']","output":"More than 1 minute duration"} +{"instruction":"Objective assessment of the refractive state of the eye is termed -","input":"Choices: ['Retinoscopy', 'Gonioscopy', 'Ophthalmoscopy', 'Keratoscopy']","output":"Retinoscopy"} +{"instruction":"EBV action in nasopharynx is through?","input":"Choices: ['CD 3', 'Cd 4', 'CD 8', 'CD 21']","output":"CD 21"} +{"instruction":"A patient with discharge per vagina was evaluated and on endocervical biopsy Chlamydia was found. Treatment to be given in this case is :","input":"Choices: ['Azithromycin and contact tracing', 'Mtronidazole only', 'Doxycycline and metronidazole', 'Azithromycin']","output":"Azithromycin and contact tracing"} +{"instruction":"Accelerators and retarders are used with gypsum products mainly to control:","input":"Choices: ['Setting time', 'Setting expansion', 'Hardness of the set product', 'None of the above']","output":"Setting time"} +{"instruction":"The Earliest sign of male puberty is :","input":"Choices: ['Pubic hair', 'Axillary hair', 'Hoarseness of voice', 'Testicular enlargement']","output":"Testicular enlargement"} +{"instruction":"Morphine when used for cancer palliative therapy least likely to cause:","input":"Choices: ['Nausea & vomiting', 'Constipation', 'Dry mouth', 'Respiratory depression']","output":"Dry mouth"} +{"instruction":"Bicarbonate exchange occurs in: September 2009","input":"Choices: ['Kidney', 'Lung', 'None of the above', 'Both of the above']","output":"Both of the above"} +{"instruction":"Mechanism of action of chloramphenicol is -","input":"Choices: ['Cell wall synthesis inhibitor', '50 S ribosome inhibitor', '30S ribosome inhibitor', 'glycopeptidase inhibitor']","output":"50 S ribosome inhibitor"} +{"instruction":"Forceps should not be used in :","input":"Choices: ['Twin delivery', 'Hydrocephalus', 'Postmaturity', 'After coming head of breech']","output":"Hydrocephalus"} +{"instruction":"Hand,foot and mouth disease is caused by:","input":"Choices: ['Enterovirus 70', 'Enterovirus 71', 'Enterovirus 72', 'Enterovirus 68']","output":"Enterovirus 71"} +{"instruction":"A man on return from a country complains of pain in abdomen, jaundice, with increased alkaline phosphatase and conjugated hyperbilirubinemia. USG shows blockage in the biliary tree. What could be the cause-","input":"Choices: ['Fasciola buski', 'Clonorchis sinensis', 'Strongyloides', 'Ankylostoma']","output":"Clonorchis sinensis"} +{"instruction":"Maxilla achieves maximum size at-","input":"Choices: ['At birth', 'At primary dentition', 'At secondary dentition', 'At puberty']","output":"At secondary dentition"} +{"instruction":"A 2 year old is brought to pediatrics OPD with complains recurrent abdominal pain and similar episodes have been repoed in recent past as well. The mother complains of the child licking bright toys and paint on walls. Blood investigation reveal low Hb and MCV.PBF is done which shows the following findings: Which of the following findings cannot be expected in the above child?","input":"Choices: ['Constipation', 'Encephalopathy', 'Diarrhea', 'Bright lines in metaphyseal region.']","output":"Diarrhea"} +{"instruction":"Myoplasty and sulcus extension procedures are\nhelpful in:","input":"Choices: ['Increasing retention', 'Increasing stability', 'Increasing support', 'Increasing retention and stability']","output":"Increasing retention and stability"} +{"instruction":"All of the following are true regarding dying deposition, except ?","input":"Choices: ['Cross examination can be done', 'It should be recorded only by magistrate', 'Leading questions are permitted', 'Best system practiced in India compared to dying declaration']","output":"Best system practiced in India compared to dying declaration"} +{"instruction":"The most sensitive test to detect argemone oil is:","input":"Choices: ['Paper chromatography', 'Nitric acid test', 'Nulgonda technique', 'Methylene blue reduction test']","output":"Paper chromatography"} +{"instruction":"Muscle relaxant of choice in hepatic and renal failure","input":"Choices: ['Cisatracurium', 'Rocuronium', 'Vecuronium', 'Rapacuronium']","output":"Cisatracurium"} +{"instruction":"Increased LAP score is seen in:","input":"Choices: ['Chronic myeloid leukemia', 'Myelofibrosis', 'PNH', 'Megaloblastic anemia']","output":"Myelofibrosis"} +{"instruction":"The capsule of the crystalline lens is thinnest at -","input":"Choices: ['Anterior pole', 'Posterior pole', 'Equator', 'None']","output":"Posterior pole"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is phase-2 reaction -","input":"Choices: ['Oxidation', 'Reduction', 'Cyclination', 'Acetylation']","output":"Acetylation"} +{"instruction":"Not used in erectile dysfunction ?","input":"Choices: ['PGE-2', 'Vardenifil', 'Phenylephrine', 'Alprostadil']","output":"Phenylephrine"} +{"instruction":"Imaging modality in PIRAD repoing scheme for prostate glands includes all except:","input":"Choices: ['MR spectroscopy', 'Dynamic contrast enhancement', 'Diffusion Weighted MRI', 'T2W imaging']","output":"MR spectroscopy"} +{"instruction":"A 2 years old child without fever develops bone pain, vomiting and features of increased intracranial pressure following excessive meditation. The drug most likely to be responsible for this is;","input":"Choices: ['Vitamin A', 'Phenothiazine', 'Phenytoin', 'Vitamin D']","output":"Vitamin A"} +{"instruction":"Trotter's triad is seen in -","input":"Choices: ['Nospharyngeal angiofibroma', 'Nasal polyposis', 'Nasopharyngeal carcinoma', 'Acoustic neuroma']","output":"Nasopharyngeal carcinoma"} +{"instruction":"On fundoscopic examination of a patient, a red dot is seen. He has a history of being hit by a tennis ball. What is the probable cause?","input":"Choices: ['Macular hole', \"Berlin's edema\", 'Macular tear', 'Macular bleed']","output":"Berlin's edema"} +{"instruction":"A 12-year-old child with Renal tubular acidosis type 1 is having muscle cramps and weakness. ECG shows all except?","input":"Choices: ['T wave inversion with U waves', 'ST depression', 'Heart rate of 75 beats per minute', 'Absent P waves']","output":"Absent P waves"} +{"instruction":"RNTCP case finding is –","input":"Choices: ['Active', 'Passive', 'Both', 'None']","output":"Passive"} +{"instruction":"The given appearance of pinna is suggestive of:","input":"Choices: ['Pseudomonas infection', 'Aspergillus infection', 'Post-traumatic', 'Tuberculosis']","output":"Post-traumatic"} +{"instruction":"All of the following antifungal agents act by altering cell membrane permeability, except(2018)","input":"Choices: ['Fluconazole', 'Amphotericin-B', 'Terbinafine', 'Griseofulvin']","output":"Griseofulvin"} +{"instruction":"True about Bater&;s syndrome are all except","input":"Choices: ['Hyperkalemic alkalosis', 'Presents in neonate with ototoxicity have Bain gene mutation', 'Decreased K+ absorption from thick descending loop', 'Autosomal recessive']","output":"Hyperkalemic alkalosis"} +{"instruction":"The duration of a ventricular myocyte action potential is","input":"Choices: ['Approximately twice as long as the relative refractory period', 'As long in duration as the QRS complex', 'Nearly as long as the QT interval', 'Twice as long in skeletal muscle']","output":"Nearly as long as the QT interval"} +{"instruction":"Auer bodies are seen in -a) M1-AMLb) M3-AMLc) M6-AMLd) ALL","input":"Choices: ['ab', 'bc', 'c', 'd']","output":"ab"} +{"instruction":"Treatment of choice for medullary carcinoma of thyroid is","input":"Choices: ['Total thyroidectomy', 'Paial thyroidectomy', 'I131 ablation', 'Hemithyroidectomy']","output":"Total thyroidectomy"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is a nonmodifiable risk factor for coronary hea disease?","input":"Choices: ['Cigarette smoking', 'Elevated serum cholesterol', 'Alcoholism', 'Age']","output":"Age"} +{"instruction":"Arrange the incidence of various types of breast cancers in increasing incidence. a. PTEN ( Cowden disease )b. Sporadic breast cancerc. Hereditary breast cancerd. BRCA1e. BRCA2f. Familial breast cancer","input":"Choices: ['a,b,c,d,e,f', 'a,d,b,c,f,e', 'c,a,f,d,b,e', 'a,c,f,e,d,b']","output":"a,c,f,e,d,b"} +{"instruction":"Following are seen in polycythemia vera except:","input":"Choices: ['Most common cause of polycythemia', 'Increased erythropoietin', 'Erythropoietin independent growth of red cell progenitors', 'Intrinsic abnormality of hematopoietic precursors']","output":"Erythropoietin independent growth of red cell progenitors"} +{"instruction":"GLUT 3 transpoer is located in","input":"Choices: ['Placenta', 'Small intestine', 'Liver', 'Hea']","output":"Placenta"} +{"instruction":"What are root values of nerve supplying muscle needed for latter pa of the following action?","input":"Choices: ['C7, C8', 'C8, T1', 'C5, C6', 'C5, C6, C7']","output":"C5, C6, C7"} +{"instruction":"Ptosis results from trauma to which nerve","input":"Choices: ['VII', 'VIII', 'III', 'VI']","output":"III"} +{"instruction":"Bland cholestasis is seen with -a) OCPb) Androgenc) Chlorpromazined) Erythromycin","input":"Choices: ['ab', 'a', 'ad', 'bc']","output":"ab"} +{"instruction":"A total of 5000 pts of glaucoma are identified and surveyed by pts. interviews regarding family history of glaucoma. Such a study design is called -","input":"Choices: ['Case series report', 'Case control study', 'Clinical trial', 'Cohort study']","output":"Case series report"} +{"instruction":"Repetitive irresesistable thought to do something","input":"Choices: ['Phobia', 'Obsession', 'Compulsion', 'Anxiety']","output":"Obsession"} +{"instruction":"Immunoglobulins are secreted by:","input":"Choices: ['Macrophages', 'Plasma cells', 'T-cells', 'Neutrophils']","output":"Plasma cells"} +{"instruction":"You are examining a postoperative patient who believed to have lost 20% of his blood. What change if any would you expect in his BP and hea rate?","input":"Choices: ['Hea rate increased, BP reduced', 'Hea rate increased, BP normal\/unchanged', 'Hea rate normal\/unchanged, BP reduced', 'Hea rate unchanged, BP unchanged']","output":"Hea rate increased, BP normal\/unchanged"} +{"instruction":"Pseudo-Meigs syndrome syndrome seen with-","input":"Choices: ['Fibroids', 'Adenomyosis', 'Endometriosis', 'Ovarian fibroma']","output":"Fibroids"} +{"instruction":"Wrong about dhatura seeds is?","input":"Choices: ['Kidney shaped', 'Odourless', 'Yellow brown', 'Convex smooth surface']","output":"Convex smooth surface"} +{"instruction":"The sign of retrobulbar neuritis is -","input":"Choices: ['Optic atrophy', 'Papilledema', 'Circumciliary congestion', 'Impairment of color vision']","output":"Impairment of color vision"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following cells will increase in case of parasite infection?","input":"Choices: ['A', 'B', 'C', 'D']","output":"C"} +{"instruction":"Squamocolumnar junction lies outside the external os in all cases except","input":"Choices: ['Pregnancy', 'OCPs', 'Menopause', 'Puberty']","output":"Menopause"} +{"instruction":"Type of study in risk factor associated with multiple diseases ?","input":"Choices: ['Coho study', 'Case control study', 'Ecological study', 'Clinical trial']","output":"Coho study"} +{"instruction":"Life span of neonatal RBC is :","input":"Choices: ['120 days', '100 days', '6 months', 'One year']","output":"100 days"} +{"instruction":"Decreased fractional excreion of sodium is caused by -","input":"Choices: ['Prerenal azotemia', 'Coical ischemia', 'Glomerulonephritis', 'Renal tubular acidosis']","output":"Prerenal azotemia"} +{"instruction":"A 60-year-old male presented to the dermatology OPD with large tense bullae on large uicarial plaques with some of the bullae being hemorrhagic. On examination, the bullae did not rupture easily with absence of Nikolsky's and bulla spread sign. Some of the lesions healed with milia formation. Direct immunofluorescence test of the skin biopsy was done. Which of the following structures is most likely to be involved: -","input":"Choices: ['PA B', 'PA D', 'PA C', 'PA A']","output":"PA B"} +{"instruction":"The most common site of Myocardiai infarction is -","input":"Choices: ['Anterolateral', 'Interventricular septum', 'Posterior wall', 'Inferior wall']","output":"Anterolateral"} +{"instruction":"All of the following may lead to pigment gall stones except -","input":"Choices: ['Chronic Hemolysis', 'Hepatocellular Carcinoma', 'Alcoholic Cirrhosis', 'Biliary tract infection']","output":"Hepatocellular Carcinoma"} +{"instruction":"B\/L symmetrical Hilar lymphnode seen in:","input":"Choices: ['Sarcoidosis', 'Tuberculosis', 'Leprosy', \"Wegener's granulomatosis\"]","output":"Sarcoidosis"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is not a clinical presentation of Peripheral arterial occlusion","input":"Choices: ['Pain', 'Pallor', 'Anesthesia', 'None of the above']","output":"None of the above"} +{"instruction":"APGAR score - include all except ?","input":"Choices: ['Hea rate', 'Respiratory rate', 'Muscle tone', 'Color']","output":"Respiratory rate"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following in not a part of epithalamus-","input":"Choices: ['Pineal body', 'Posterior commissure', 'Trigonum habenulae', 'Geniculate bodies']","output":"Geniculate bodies"} +{"instruction":"Both DNA and RNA are present in:","input":"Choices: ['Bacteria', 'Prions', 'Virioids', 'Plasmid']","output":"Bacteria"} +{"instruction":"HHV-6 causes ?","input":"Choices: ['Erythema infectiosum', 'Kaposi sarcoma', 'Roseola infantum', 'Herpangina']","output":"Roseola infantum"} +{"instruction":"Denominator for GFR is -","input":"Choices: ['Mid year population', 'Females 15-44 years', 'Married female', 'None']","output":"Females 15-44 years"} +{"instruction":"In a patient with acute leukemia, immunophenotype pattern is CD 19+ve, CD 10+ve. CD33+ve and CD 13+ve. He may probably have which of the following type of leukemia?","input":"Choices: ['Biphenotypic leukemia', 'ALL', 'AML-M1', 'AML-M3']","output":"Biphenotypic leukemia"} +{"instruction":"Peak growth velocity in adolescent girl is indicated by?","input":"Choices: ['Breast enlargment', 'Axillary hair', 'Public hair', 'Just before commensement of menarche']","output":"Just before commensement of menarche"} +{"instruction":"Osteomyelitis in sickle cell anemia is due to.","input":"Choices: ['Salmonella', 'Streptococcus', 'Haemophilus', 'Neisseria']","output":"Salmonella"} +{"instruction":"True statements(s) regarding osteoid osteoma is\/are -a) Malignantb) MC bone involvement-tibiac) Local excision or curettage cured) Bone pain relieved by aspirine) X-ray shows : density surrounding radiolucent lesion","input":"Choices: ['bde', 'ade', 'ace', 'bce']","output":"bde"} +{"instruction":"Hepatopancreatic duct opens into:","input":"Choices: ['1st part of duodenum', '2nd part of duodenum', '3rd part of duodenum', '4th part of duodenum']","output":"2nd part of duodenum"} +{"instruction":"Denominator in specificity ?","input":"Choices: ['True positive', 'True negative', 'True positive plus false negative', 'True negative plus false positive']","output":"True negative plus false positive"} +{"instruction":"Management of maggots in a child's nose:","input":"Choices: ['Removed by hand picking', 'Surgical removal', 'Conservative treatment with oil and removal', 'Wash it with warm saline']","output":"Conservative treatment with oil and removal"} +{"instruction":"Late hyperglycemia in pregnancy is associated with","input":"Choices: ['Macrosomia', 'lUGR', 'Postmaturity', 'Congenital malformation']","output":"Macrosomia"} +{"instruction":"Plain radiograph of a patient with chronic abdominal pain is given. What could be the probable diagnosis?","input":"Choices: ['Pneumoperitoneum', 'Pancreatitis', 'Hemoperitoneum', 'Acute Appendicitis']","output":"Pancreatitis"} +{"instruction":"Early mediators of allergic rhinitis are -a) Leukotrieneb) IL-4c) IL-5d) Bradykinine) PAF","input":"Choices: ['ab', 'bc', 'acd', 'abcde']","output":"abcde"} +{"instruction":"Parotid glands are supplied by branches from:","input":"Choices: ['Internal carotid aery', 'External carotid aery', 'Both of the above', 'None of the above']","output":"External carotid aery"} +{"instruction":"Endoscope tube is sterilized by -","input":"Choices: ['Glutaraldehyde', 'Formalin', 'Autoclaving', 'Boiling']","output":"Glutaraldehyde"} +{"instruction":"Which one of the following finding is Not associated with left-sided heart failure?","input":"Choices: ['Pulmonary edema', 'Hepatojugular reflux', 'Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea', 'Prerenal azotemia']","output":"Hepatojugular reflux"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is true regarding influenza?","input":"Choices: ['It is caused by an enveloped DNA virus', 'Laboratory studies may show neutropenia early in the course of disease', 'Primary infectious pneumonia is less common than secondary bacterial pneumonia', 'Antiviral agents given early prevents complications']","output":"Primary infectious pneumonia is less common than secondary bacterial pneumonia"} +{"instruction":"Malignant neuroleptic syndrome is caused by:March 2009","input":"Choices: ['Antidepressants', 'Anxiolytics', 'Antipsychotics', 'Antiepileptics']","output":"Antipsychotics"} +{"instruction":"All of the following causes increase in heart rate except:","input":"Choices: ['Halothane', 'Isoflurane', 'Sevoflurane', 'Desflurane']","output":"Halothane"} +{"instruction":"A routine prenatal ultrasound reveals a male fetus with meningomyelocele. The 24-year-old primigravid mother is told the infant will require surgery shortly after birth. You counsel her about the etiology of this defect and the risk of further pregnancies being similarly affected, and state which of the following?","input":"Choices: ['The hereditary pattern for this condition is autosomal recessive.', 'The prenatal diagnosis can be made by the detection of very low levels of alpha-fetoprotein in the amniotic fluid.', 'Subsequent pregnancies are not at increased risk compared to the general population.', 'Supplementation of maternal diet with folate leads to a decrease in incidence of this condition.']","output":"Supplementation of maternal diet with folate leads to a decrease in incidence of this condition."} +{"instruction":"Mechanism of analgesia is by","input":"Choices: ['Nocioeptin stimulation', 'Nooistatln stimulation', 'Nicotinic & cholinergic receptors', 'Anadumide receptors']","output":"Nocioeptin stimulation"} +{"instruction":"AIDS is not transmitted by -","input":"Choices: ['Blood transfusion', 'Cryoprecipitate', 'Breast milk', 'Plasma']","output":"Cryoprecipitate"} +{"instruction":"All are included in Child-Turcotte-Pugh classification except","input":"Choices: ['Bilirubin', 'Ascities', 'INR', 'ALP']","output":"ALP"} +{"instruction":"Most common site of gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is:-","input":"Choices: ['Small intestine', 'Colon', 'Stomach', 'Liver']","output":"Stomach"} +{"instruction":"Figure B shows:","input":"Choices: ['Spinal tap needle', 'Shortened Spinal tap needle assembled with H file', 'Side vent needle for irrigation', 'Needle with file for simultaneous filing and irrigation']","output":"Shortened Spinal tap needle assembled with H file"} +{"instruction":"Pain in endometriosis due to-","input":"Choices: ['PgI', 'EI', 'E2', 'F']","output":"E2"} +{"instruction":"Inferior alveolar nerve block alone can be used in:","input":"Choices: ['Pulpotomy of 3rd molar', 'Apicoectomy of 3rd molar', 'Extraction of 1st molar', 'Root resection of 1st molar']","output":"Pulpotomy of 3rd molar"} +{"instruction":"Trousseau's sign is seen in all the following except","input":"Choices: ['Ca Lung', 'Ca Stomach', 'Ca Pancreas', 'Liposarcoma']","output":"Liposarcoma"} +{"instruction":"Subnuclear vacuolation is a characteristic sign of","input":"Choices: ['Proliferative phase of endometrium', 'Secretory phase of endometrium', 'Menstruation', 'Regeneration of endometrium']","output":"Secretory phase of endometrium"} +{"instruction":"True about primary chancre -","input":"Choices: ['Painless ulcer', 'Painless lymphadenopathy', 'Covered with exudate', 'All']","output":"All"} +{"instruction":"Most common casue of acute RVF-","input":"Choices: ['Massive pulmonary embolism', 'Tricuspid stenosis', 'Pulmonary stenosis', 'Tricuspid regurgitation']","output":"Massive pulmonary embolism"} +{"instruction":"Delayed dentition is seen in:","input":"Choices: ['Down syndrome', 'Congenital hypothyroidism', 'Rickets', 'All of the above']","output":"All of the above"} +{"instruction":"False statements are:","input":"Choices: ['Multiple origins of replication are possible for bacteria', 'Lagging strand stick by RNA primase;', 'DNA replication proceeds in one direction', 'All']","output":"All"} +{"instruction":"Full blown immunodeficiency syndrome ,is characterized by -","input":"Choices: ['High viral titres with low CD4 count', 'Low viral titres with low CD4 count ,', 'High viral titres with high CD4 count', 'High CD4 and high CD8']","output":"High viral titres with low CD4 count"} +{"instruction":"Most common age for depression is -","input":"Choices: ['Middle age men', 'Middle age female', 'Young girl', 'Children']","output":"Middle age female"} +{"instruction":"Complement binding immunoglobin via the classical pathway is","input":"Choices: ['IgG & IgM', 'IgG & IgA', 'IgG & IgD', 'IgD & IgE']","output":"IgG & IgM"} +{"instruction":"Intron is not found in which DNA?","input":"Choices: ['Nuclear DNA', 'Mitochondrial DNA', 'B DNA', 'Z DNA']","output":"Mitochondrial DNA"} +{"instruction":"Wernicke's encephalopathy is due to deficiency of -","input":"Choices: ['Folic acid', 'Thiamine', 'Ascorbic acid', 'Pyridoxine']","output":"Thiamine"} +{"instruction":"Adenovirus causes -","input":"Choices: ['Keratoenjuctivitis', 'Diarrhea', 'Parotid enlargement', 'All of the above']","output":"Keratoenjuctivitis"} +{"instruction":"Most important intracellular cation -","input":"Choices: ['Na+', 'K+', 'Ca2+', 'Mg2+']","output":"K+"} +{"instruction":"A 30yr old patient complaints of easy fatigability exotional dyspnea and weight loss She also complaints of frequent fall There is B12 decrease in vibration sense Her Hb levels were low She was treated with folate Her anemia improved but neurological symptoms worsen d Which of the following is most probable reason of her condition","input":"Choices: ['Folate not absorbed', 'Deficiency of folate reductase in CNS', 'Unmasked pyridoxine defficiency', 'Folate therapy caused rapid use of B12 stores aggravating symptoms']","output":"Folate therapy caused rapid use of B12 stores aggravating symptoms"} +{"instruction":"Which needle is used for pleural biopsy-","input":"Choices: [\"Vin Silvermann's\", \"Abram's\", \"Abraham's\", \"Osgood's\"]","output":"Abram's"} +{"instruction":"A child presents with anti-mongoloid slant, pulmonary stenosis, sho stature and undescended testis. The most likely diagnosis is:","input":"Choices: ['Klinefelter syndrome', 'Noonan syndrome', 'Turner syndrome', 'Down syndrome']","output":"Noonan syndrome"} +{"instruction":"Control of urea cycle involves the enzyme:","input":"Choices: ['Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase', 'Ornithine transcarbamoylase', 'Argininosuccinase', 'Arginase']","output":"Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase"} +{"instruction":"Thinnest pa of lens is?","input":"Choices: ['Anterior pole', 'Posterior pole', 'Posterior capsule', 'Apex']","output":"Posterior pole"} +{"instruction":"Which among the following is not a feature of peripheral arterial occlusion:","input":"Choices: ['Shock', 'Pallor', 'Pain', 'Pulselessness']","output":"Shock"} +{"instruction":"Predominant ion in saliva is","input":"Choices: ['Potassium', 'Sodium', 'Bicarbonate', 'Chloride']","output":"Bicarbonate"} +{"instruction":"What is the most common eye lesion in HIV?","input":"Choices: ['Kaposi Sarcoma of Lid', 'CMV Retinitis', 'Cotton wool spots', 'Choroiditis']","output":"Cotton wool spots"} +{"instruction":"A child presenting with clinical features of an endocrine abnormality showed epiphyseal dysgenesis in imaging studies. Epiphyseal dysgenesis is a pathognomonic feature of:","input":"Choices: ['Hypoparathyroidism', 'Hyperparathyroidism', 'Hypothyroidism', 'Hypehyroidism']","output":"Hypothyroidism"} +{"instruction":"Basal electrical rhythm of GIT is produced by","input":"Choices: ['Meissner plexus', 'Myentric plexus', 'Interstitial cells of cajal', 'Smooth muscle at cardiac end of stomach']","output":"Interstitial cells of cajal"} +{"instruction":"The gall bladder is capable of distending ____ ml","input":"Choices: ['10', '20', '40', '50']","output":"50"} +{"instruction":"The power of Amnesty for capital punishment is vested with :","input":"Choices: ['The president', 'Supreme cou', 'High cou', 'The governer']","output":"The president"} +{"instruction":"Sensitivity; True is:","input":"Choices: ['Most important parameter for screening', 'Identifies those who have the disease', 'Both', 'None']","output":"Both"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is a suicidal enzyme?","input":"Choices: ['Lipoxygenase', 'Cyclooxygenase', \"5 ' nucleotidase\", 'Thromboxane synthase']","output":"Cyclooxygenase"} +{"instruction":"Most impoant factor in the convergence of light rays on the retina is","input":"Choices: ['Length of eye ball', 'Dioptre power of lens', 'Centre of lens', 'Cornea']","output":"Cornea"} +{"instruction":"A patient presented with hoarseness of voice. He was found to be having pachydermia laryngitis. All of the following are true except -","input":"Choices: ['It is a hyperkeratotic lesion present within the anterior 2\/3rd of the vocal cords', 'It is not premalignant lesion', 'Diagnosis is made by biopsy', 'On microscopy it shows acanthosis and hyperkeratosis']","output":"It is a hyperkeratotic lesion present within the anterior 2\/3rd of the vocal cords"} +{"instruction":"A 70 yr old man presents with 10 prosopagnosia loss of memory, 3rd person hallucination since 1 month. On examination deep Tendon reflexes are increased, minimental examination score is 20\/30. What is most likely diagnosis:","input":"Choices: ['Dissociated Dementia', 'Schizphrenia', 'Alzheimers disease', 'Psychotic disorder']","output":"Alzheimers disease"} +{"instruction":"In 4 split skin smears of a patient, 2 samples had 10 bacilli out of 100hpf and 2 samples with > 1000 bacilli. Average bacteriological index would be","input":"Choices: ['3.5', '4.5', '5.5', '6.5']","output":"3.5"} +{"instruction":"Bagassosis is most likely caused due to the inhalation of the dust of ?","input":"Choices: ['Free silica', 'Coal', 'Sugar cane', 'Cotton fibre']","output":"Sugar cane"} +{"instruction":"What is the investigation of choice for interstitial lung disease?","input":"Choices: ['Chest X-ray', 'HRCT', 'Gallium - 67 DTPA scan', 'MRI']","output":"HRCT"} +{"instruction":"Method of testing resistance to drugs in TB are all EXPECT:","input":"Choices: ['Radiometric broth method', 'Molecular method', 'Disk diffusion method', 'PCR']","output":"Disk diffusion method"} +{"instruction":"Which lower limb artery is difficult to palpate","input":"Choices: ['Popliteal artery', 'Anterior tibial artery', 'Posterior tibial artery', 'Dorsalis pedis artery']","output":"Popliteal artery"} +{"instruction":"A 56-year-old woman with a 75-pack-year history of smoking cigarettes visits her physician in Mumbai because of shoness of breath. The physician sends her to a pulmonary function laboratory for a complete workup. The table below shows pulmonary volumes and capacities obtained using simple spirometry and helium washout techniques. Lung volumes Amount Functional residual capacity 4.5L Inspiratory reserve volume 1.5L Inspiratory capacity 2.0L Vital capacity 3.0L What is the residual volume of this patient?","input":"Choices: ['1.5 L', '2.0 L', '2.5 L', '3.5 L']","output":"3.5 L"} +{"instruction":"all of the following are absolute contraindications for tooth extraction except:","input":"Choices: ['Central hemangioma', 'Fistulas', 'Unstable angina pectoris', 'A v malformation']","output":"Unstable angina pectoris"} +{"instruction":"True about competitive inhibition with first order kinetics","input":"Choices: ['Km increased, Vmax same', 'Vmax increased, Km same', 'Km same, Vmax decrease', 'Km same, Vmax increase']","output":"Km increased, Vmax same"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following HBV gene codes for HBeAg?","input":"Choices: ['PreC+C', 'S', 'X', 'C']","output":"PreC+C"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following drugs can be used for the treatment of chloroquine resistant malaria in children ?","input":"Choices: ['Chloroquine', 'Doxycycline', 'Tetracycline', 'Clindamycin']","output":"Clindamycin"} +{"instruction":"Egg yields about K cal of energy","input":"Choices: ['50', '60', '70', '80']","output":"70"} +{"instruction":"Constipation is caused by all of the following drugs EXCEPT:","input":"Choices: ['Neostigmine', 'Atropine', 'Morphine', 'Fentanyl']","output":"Neostigmine"} +{"instruction":"A 35 year old female P3 + 0 is observed to have CIN grade III on colposcopic biopsy. Which of the following would be the best initial management?","input":"Choices: ['Cryosurgery', 'Conization', 'LEEP', 'Hysterectomy']","output":"LEEP"} +{"instruction":"Phacoemulsification incision is at ?","input":"Choices: ['Sclero-corneal junction', 'Cornea', 'Sclera', 'None of the above']","output":"Sclero-corneal junction"} +{"instruction":"Rasmussen's aneurysm occurs due to","input":"Choices: ['Veebral aery', 'Bronchial aery', 'pulmonary aery', 'Posterior intercostal aery']","output":"pulmonary aery"} +{"instruction":"Treatment of choice for Zollinger Ellison syndrome (ZES) is -","input":"Choices: ['PPI', 'Somatostatin analogues', 'Streptozocin', 'Sucralfate']","output":"PPI"} +{"instruction":"Hypothyroidism can cause all except:","input":"Choices: ['Hoarseness', 'Dryness of mouth', 'Nasal stuffiness', 'Vertigo']","output":"Dryness of mouth"} +{"instruction":"Lactating women with painful breast, 1st investigation to be done should be:","input":"Choices: ['USG', 'Mammography', 'CT', 'MR1']","output":"USG"} +{"instruction":"If the first child is heterozygous and the wife is homozygous for an autosomal-recessive gene, what will be the outcome?","input":"Choices: ['75% children affected', 'No child affected, but all are carriers', '50% children affected, rest are carriers', '25% children affected, rest are carriers']","output":"50% children affected, rest are carriers"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is NOT a sonographic finding of fetal syphilis?","input":"Choices: ['Hepatomegaly', 'Lymphadenopathy', 'Placentomegaly', 'Ascites\/hydrops']","output":"Lymphadenopathy"} +{"instruction":"Podophyllin is used to treat which type of wa:","input":"Choices: ['Plantar wa', 'Genital wa', 'Verruca plan', 'All of the above']","output":"Genital wa"} +{"instruction":"Band not covered by actin filament is?","input":"Choices: ['H band', 'I band', 'M band', 'Z band']","output":"H band"} +{"instruction":"Treatment of choice for Renal osteodystrophy -","input":"Choices: ['Phosphorus', 'Olendronate', 'Calcium restriction', 'Phosphate binder']","output":"Phosphate binder"} +{"instruction":"Bacillary angiomatosis caused by:","input":"Choices: ['Bartonella henselae', 'Bartonella quintana', 'Bartonella bacilliformis', 'Coxiella burnetii']","output":"Bartonella henselae"} +{"instruction":"Nerve supply of laryngopharynx is:","input":"Choices: ['Glossopharyngeal', 'Vagus', 'Both', 'None']","output":"Both"} +{"instruction":"Complications of benign ovarian tumors are ail except :","input":"Choices: ['Torsion', 'Bleeding', 'Pseudomyxoma', 'Metastasis']","output":"Metastasis"} +{"instruction":"Deficiency of which of the following enzymes is associated with Tyrosinosis:","input":"Choices: ['Tyrosine aminotransferase', '4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase', 'Homogentisate oxidase', 'Fumarylacetoacetate hydroxylase']","output":"Fumarylacetoacetate hydroxylase"} +{"instruction":"Protein synthesis","input":"Choices: ['ER', 'Mitochondria', 'Cytosol', 'Golgi apparatus']","output":"ER"} +{"instruction":"All of the following are characteristic of a bronchopulmonary segment, except:","input":"Choices: ['It is surgically respectableIt is surgically respectable', 'It is named according to the segmental bronchus supplying it', 'It is drained by intrasegmental branch of pulmonary vein.', 'It is the largest subdivision of a lobe.']","output":"It is drained by intrasegmental branch of pulmonary vein."} +{"instruction":"Not a predisposing factor for Ca esophagus","input":"Choices: ['Diveicula', 'Human papilloma virus', 'Mediastinal fibrosis', 'Caustic ingestion']","output":"Mediastinal fibrosis"} +{"instruction":"Most important factor that affects the outcome of twin gestation is -","input":"Choices: ['Lie of first twin', 'Lie of second twin', 'Chorionicity', 'Placental position']","output":"Chorionicity"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is given to treat thrombocytopenia secondary to anticancer therapy and is known to stimulate progenitor megakaryocytes?","input":"Choices: ['Filgrastim', 'Oprelvekin', 'Erythropoietin', 'Iron dextran']","output":"Oprelvekin"} +{"instruction":"NaF preservative is added in suspected cases of poisoning by ?","input":"Choices: ['Cocaine', 'Alcohol', 'Cyanide', 'All the above']","output":"Alcohol"} +{"instruction":"Amyloid is detected by staining with all except","input":"Choices: ['Methyl violet', 'Alcain Blue', 'Congo Red', 'Thioflavin']","output":"Alcain Blue"} +{"instruction":"Hardoleum internum is ?","input":"Choices: ['Acute infection of Zeis gland', 'Acute infection of Moll gland', 'Acute infection Meibomian gland', 'Chronic infection of Zeis gland']","output":"Acute infection Meibomian gland"} +{"instruction":"A 60 year old female is suffereing from renal failure and is on hemodialysis since last 8 years. She developed carpal tunnel syndrome. Which of the following will be associated? -","input":"Choices: ['AL', 'AA', 'ATTR', 'Beta 2 microglobulin']","output":"Beta 2 microglobulin"} +{"instruction":"In Maxillary carcinoma of a 60 year old patient involving anterolateral pa of maxilla, the preferred treatment is","input":"Choices: ['Radiotherapy only', 'Total\/extended Maxillectomy followed by radiotherapy', 'Radiotherapy followed by total\/extended maxillectomy', 'Total\/extended maxillectomy alone']","output":"Radiotherapy followed by total\/extended maxillectomy"} +{"instruction":"In which of the following conditions Radioactive iodine can be used in grave&;s disease","input":"Choices: ['Recurrence', 'Age < 40 years', 'Eiderly', 'Pregnant']","output":"Age < 40 years"} +{"instruction":"Best diagnostic modality for rotavirus diarrhea -","input":"Choices: ['Isolation virus from stool culture', 'Detection of antigen in serum', 'Detection of antigen in stool', 'Detection of antibody in serum']","output":"Isolation virus from stool culture"} +{"instruction":"Initiation of dental caries depends upon","input":"Choices: ['formation of large amount of acid', 'Availability of carbohydrate food', 'Viscosity of saliva', 'Localization of acid over tooth surface']","output":"Localization of acid over tooth surface"} +{"instruction":"Most common detion used in social medicine is","input":"Choices: ['Mean', 'Range', 'Variance', 'Standard detion']","output":"Standard detion"} +{"instruction":"Oral hairy leukoplakia is associated with?","input":"Choices: ['Cytomegalovirus', 'Human immunodeficiency virus', 'EBV', 'HPV']","output":"EBV"} +{"instruction":"Sullin index:","input":"Choices: ['Measures disability', 'Measures life years adjusted with disability', 'Measures like expectancy adjusted without disability or free of disability', 'Measures life expectancy']","output":"Measures like expectancy adjusted without disability or free of disability"} +{"instruction":"A 23 year old profession footballer suffered a twisting injury to his right ankle. On examination, there is a lot of swelling around the medial malleolus but x-ray doesn't show any fracture. The structure injured could be","input":"Choices: ['Deltoid Ligament', 'Anterior talofibular ligament', 'Spring ligament', 'Tendo Achilles']","output":"Deltoid Ligament"} +{"instruction":"A 22yrs old male suffer from decreased sleep, increased sexual activity, excitement and spending excessive money for 8 days. The diagnosis is","input":"Choices: ['Confusion', 'Mania', 'Hyperactivity', 'Loss of memory']","output":"Mania"} +{"instruction":"Commonest site of intestinal atresia is in the -","input":"Choices: ['Duodenum', 'Jejunum', 'Ileum', 'Colon']","output":"Duodenum"} +{"instruction":"Tc labelled RBC's are used in which of the following condition?","input":"Choices: ['Biliary disease', 'Renal disease', 'Pulmonary embolism', 'Splenic disease']","output":"Splenic disease"} +{"instruction":"Ulnar collateral nerve is?","input":"Choices: ['Branch of ulnar nerve', 'Branch of radial nerve supplying medial head of biceps', 'Branch of radial nerve supplying long head of biceps', 'Branch of radial nerve supplying lateral head of triceps']","output":"Branch of radial nerve supplying medial head of biceps"} +{"instruction":"A 26-year-old man with schizophrenia and tardive dyskinesia. Which is the most appropriate pharmacotherapeutic agent?","input":"Choices: ['Clozapine', 'Valproic acid', 'Haloperidol', 'Paroxetine']","output":"Clozapine"} +{"instruction":"All are true about horners syndrome except:","input":"Choices: ['Enophthalmos', 'Ipsilateral hypohydration', 'Dilated pupil', 'Ptosis']","output":"Dilated pupil"} +{"instruction":"Mondor's disease is ?","input":"Choices: ['Thrombophlebitis of the Superficial veins of Breast', 'Carcinoma of the breast', 'Premalignant condition of the breast', 'Filariasis of the breast']","output":"Thrombophlebitis of the Superficial veins of Breast"} +{"instruction":"Babloo a 4 year male presents with history of seizures. On examination there is hypopigmedted patches on face & mental retardation. Most probable diagnosis is –","input":"Choices: ['Neurofibromatosis', 'Tuberous sclerosis', 'Sturge weber syndrome', 'Incontinenta pigmenti']","output":"Tuberous sclerosis"} +{"instruction":"A 36-year-old diabetic woman develops metabolic changes following salpingo-oophorectomy. Serum osmolality of the blood can be calculated from serum values of which of the following?","input":"Choices: ['Sodium, potassium, chloride, and bicarbonate', 'Sodium, potassium, urea, and hemoglobin', 'Sodium, potassium, glucose, and urea', 'Sodium, albumin, urea, and glucose']","output":"Sodium, potassium, glucose, and urea"} +{"instruction":"Zenker diveiculum occurs at:","input":"Choices: ['Upper esophageal spinchter', 'Lower esophageal sphincter', 'Both of the above', 'None of the above']","output":"Upper esophageal spinchter"} +{"instruction":"According to ICMR the ‘Cereals and pulses’ requirement for a sedentary strict vegetarian male is","input":"Choices: ['460 and 40 grams', '300 and 60 grams', '200 and 50 grams', '560 and 50 grams']","output":"460 and 40 grams"} +{"instruction":"Blindness as defined by WHO is the visual acuity of less than","input":"Choices: ['18-Jun', '24-Jun', 'Jun-60', 'Mar-60']","output":"Mar-60"} +{"instruction":"In splenic injury conservative m\/n is done in","input":"Choices: ['Hemodynamically unstable', 'Young pt', 'Shatterred spleen', 'Extreme pallor and hypotension']","output":"Young pt"} +{"instruction":"Injury to popliteal artery in fracture lower end of femur can be caused by -","input":"Choices: ['Proximal fragment', 'Muscle haematoma', 'Distal fragment', 'Tissue swelling']","output":"Distal fragment"} +{"instruction":"Postmortem caloricity is not seen in?","input":"Choices: ['Strychnine poisoning', 'Typhoid', 'Organophosphorus poisoning', 'Septicemia']","output":"Organophosphorus poisoning"} +{"instruction":"A 50-year-old diabetic patient is feeling unwell.On workup, his serum creatinine =5.0mg% and blood urea= 125mg%.Urine MICRAL test is positive. Which of the following will be useful for this patient?","input":"Choices: ['Diuretics', 'Cardio-selective beta blocker', 'ACE inhibitor', 'Amiodarone']","output":"Diuretics"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is category 3 in Maastricht classification of donation after cardiac death?","input":"Choices: ['Awaiting cardiac arrest', 'Brought in dead', 'Unsuccessful resuscitation', 'Cardiac arrest after brainstem death']","output":"Awaiting cardiac arrest"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following statements about hemochromatosis is not true","input":"Choices: ['Hypogonadism may be seen', 'Ahropathy may occur', 'Diabetes mellitus may develop', 'Dimercaprol is treatment of choice']","output":"Dimercaprol is treatment of choice"} +{"instruction":"A 38-year-old woman undergoes a subtotal thyroidectomy The biopsy specimen contains psammoma bodies and prominent papillae of epithelium with fibrovascular core. Nuclear region of the cells shows a groove formation, optical clearing, eosinophilic inclusions, and overlapping of nuclei \n\nWhich of the following is the most likely diagnosis?","input":"Choices: ['Follicular thyroid carcinoma', 'Medullary thyroid carcinoma', 'Papillary thyroid carcinoma', 'Reidel’s thyroiditis']","output":"Papillary thyroid carcinoma"} +{"instruction":"Acute physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) scoring system is used as a scoring system to -","input":"Choices: ['To predict postoperative cardiac risk', 'To predict postoperative pulmonary complications', 'To evaluate prognosis in the critical care settings', 'To evaluate prognosis after acute myocardial infarction']","output":"To evaluate prognosis in the critical care settings"} +{"instruction":"Fungus which cannot be grown on artificial media is?","input":"Choices: ['Rhinosporidium seeberi', 'Penicillium marneffei', 'Aspergillus flavus', 'Sporothrix schenckii']","output":"Rhinosporidium seeberi"} +{"instruction":"Area falling under 2 S.D. curve would be around -","input":"Choices: ['66%', '95%', '57%', '99%']","output":"95%"} +{"instruction":"Which one of the following cooking oils contains highest percentage of linoleic acid ?","input":"Choices: ['Safflower oil', 'Sunflower oil', 'Corn oil', 'Groundnut oil']","output":"Safflower oil"} +{"instruction":"Median Incubation period means:-","input":"Choices: ['Time taken for 50% cases to occur', 'Time between primary case and secondary case', 'Time between onset of infection and period of maximum infectivity', 'Median of several incubation periods']","output":"Time taken for 50% cases to occur"} +{"instruction":"Ankylosing spondylitis may be associated with","input":"Choices: ['Atrial fibrillation', 'Pulmonary stenosis', 'Aoic incompetence', 'Mitral stenosis']","output":"Aoic incompetence"} +{"instruction":"Following all are syndromes associated with renal disease except","input":"Choices: ['Lowe Syndrome', 'Denys-Drash Syndrome', 'Alport Syndrome', 'Sinding-Larsen-Johansson Syndrome']","output":"Sinding-Larsen-Johansson Syndrome"} +{"instruction":"Trachoma inclusion bodies in conjunctival smear are detected by:","input":"Choices: ['Giemsa stain', 'Iodine stain', 'Immunofluorescent staining', 'All of the above']","output":"All of the above"} +{"instruction":"The dangerous particle size causing pneumoconiosis varies from -","input":"Choices: ['100-150µm', '50-100µm', '10-501µm', '1-5µm']","output":"1-5µm"} +{"instruction":"Ingram regimen is used in the treatment of","input":"Choices: ['Vitiligo', 'Psoriasis', 'Lichen planus', 'Lichen nitidus']","output":"Psoriasis"} +{"instruction":"A patient after alcoholic drink fell asleep in chair overnight with hanging arm and develops Saturday Night Palsy. Which of the following best describes the clinical manifestations?","input":"Choices: ['Neuropraxia', 'Axonotmesis', 'Neurotmesis', 'Necroptosis']","output":"Neuropraxia"} +{"instruction":"Carbamoyl phosphate is used in-","input":"Choices: ['Urea', 'Uric acid', 'Pyruvic acid', 'Stearic acid']","output":"Urea"} +{"instruction":"Anal cancer is associated with","input":"Choices: ['Human papilloma virus', 'EBV', 'HTLV-1', 'Polyoma virus']","output":"Human papilloma virus"} +{"instruction":"The complication least likely to occur in a pseudocyst of the pancreas is:","input":"Choices: ['Haemorrhage', 'Torsion', 'Infection', 'Carcinomatous change']","output":"Carcinomatous change"} +{"instruction":"Hyaline casts are seen in","input":"Choices: ['Acute tubular necrosis', 'Thrombotic microangiopathy', 'Normal urine', 'Pyelonephritis']","output":"Normal urine"} +{"instruction":"The indication of cholecystectomy are","input":"Choices: ['Strawberry gallbladder', 'Mucocele of the gallbladder', 'Gallbladder polyp', 'Asymptomatic gallstone disease']","output":"Mucocele of the gallbladder"} +{"instruction":"Aery supplying major pa of superolateral surface of brain is","input":"Choices: ['Middle cerebral aery', 'Anterior cerebral aery', 'Posterior cerebral aery', 'Veebral aery']","output":"Middle cerebral aery"} +{"instruction":"Radiological feature of osteosarcoma is:","input":"Choices: ['New bone formation', 'Sunray appearance', 'Cotton wool app.', 'Osteoid formation']","output":"Sunray appearance"} +{"instruction":"For Mrs Rekha, probability of having a baby of BW < 2500 gms is 0.50 and of having a BW 2500-2999 gms is 0.20. So the probability for Mrs. Rekha to have a baby of BW < 3 kg is","input":"Choices: ['0.3', '1', '0.1', '0.7']","output":"0.7"} +{"instruction":"All of the following may be associated with massive proteinuria except -","input":"Choices: ['Amyloidsis', 'Renal vein thrombosis', 'Polycystic kidneys', 'All']","output":"Polycystic kidneys"} +{"instruction":"Specific for albinism-","input":"Choices: ['Red reflex', 'Decreased visual activity', 'Photophobia', 'Nystagmus']","output":"Red reflex"} +{"instruction":"Highest LAP score is seen in:","input":"Choices: ['CML', 'Polychthemia vera', 'PNH', 'Pregnancy']","output":"Polychthemia vera"} +{"instruction":"Nerve passing from greater sciatic foramen to lesser sciatic foramen","input":"Choices: ['Pudendal nerve', 'Superior rectal nerve', 'Inferior rectal nerve', 'Sciatic nerve']","output":"Pudendal nerve"} +{"instruction":"TRUE about ureter's entry into the bladder:1. At medial angle of trigone2. At lateral angle of trigone3. Make an angle4. Is straight5. Valveless","input":"Choices: ['1,3 & 5', '2,3 & 5', '1,2 & 4', '1,3 & 5']","output":"2,3 & 5"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following statement regarding trauma to primary teeth is false?","input":"Choices: ['Lingually intruded primary tooth should not be removed', 'Intruded teeth re-erupt within 3-4 weeks after injury', 'Teeth with complete root formation undergo resorption more frequently', 'Teeth with incomplete root formation undergo resorption more rapidly']","output":"Lingually intruded primary tooth should not be removed"} +{"instruction":"Contrast media of choice for myelogram is","input":"Choices: ['Urografin 75%', 'Conray 470', 'lohexol', 'Biligrafin']","output":"lohexol"} +{"instruction":"Most Radiosenstitive ovarian tumor is –","input":"Choices: ['Serus cystadenoma', 'Dysgerminoma', 'Demoid cyst', 'Teratoma']","output":"Dysgerminoma"} +{"instruction":"Influenza pandemic shows which type of trend: September 2009, March 2013 (d, f)","input":"Choices: ['Secular', 'Cyclical', 'Seasonal', 'None of the above']","output":"Cyclical"} +{"instruction":"Osseous metastasis is most common if tumor is in:","input":"Choices: ['Bronchus', 'Colon', 'Pancreas', 'Adrenal']","output":"Bronchus"} +{"instruction":"A patient using contact lens develops corneal infection. Laboratory diagnosis of acanthomoeba keratitis was established. The following is the best drug for treatment:","input":"Choices: ['Propamidine', 'Neosporine', 'Ketoconazole', 'Polyhexamethylene biguanide']","output":"Polyhexamethylene biguanide"} +{"instruction":"A neonate is suspected to be suffering from necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). On fuher examination and investigation, he is diagnosed to be Bell's stage I NEC. The management of choice would be-","input":"Choices: ['Laparotomy and proceed', 'Inseion of bilateral pelvic drains', 'Conservative management with IV fluids and antibiotics', 'Initial conservative management and laparotomy after 24 hours']","output":"Conservative management with IV fluids and antibiotics"} +{"instruction":"The site of action of Chlohalidone?","input":"Choices: ['Early distal tubule', 'Late distal tubule', 'Collecting duct medullary pa', 'Collecting duct coical pa']","output":"Early distal tubule"} +{"instruction":"3-D's are associated with: March 2013 (a, b, e, f)","input":"Choices: ['Rickets', 'Scurvy', 'Beri-Beri', 'Pellagra']","output":"Pellagra"} +{"instruction":"Middle meningel vessel damage results -","input":"Choices: ['Subdural hemorrhage', 'Subarachnoid hemorrhage', 'Intracerebral hemorrhage', 'Epidural hemorrhage']","output":"Epidural hemorrhage"} +{"instruction":"The complete genome sequence of M. tuberculosis comprises of which of the following?","input":"Choices: ['4100 genes', '3100 genes', '2100 genes', '1100 genes']","output":"4100 genes"} +{"instruction":"Mrs. X, Primigravida at 36weeks complains of generalized pruritis with increased intensity in soles. Diagnosis is","input":"Choices: ['Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy', 'HELLP', 'Viral hepatitis', 'Acute fatty liver of pregnancy']","output":"Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy"} +{"instruction":"The highest incidence of gestational trophoblastic disease is in:","input":"Choices: ['Australia', 'Asia', 'Noh America', 'Western Europe']","output":"Australia"} +{"instruction":"1 ml of 7.5% sodium bicarbonate provides:-","input":"Choices: ['0.5 meq bicarbonate', '0.9 meq bicarbonate', '1.1 meq bicarbonate', '1.5 meq bicarbonate']","output":"0.9 meq bicarbonate"} +{"instruction":"Features of cystic fibrosis","input":"Choices: ['Lung normal at bih', 'Low sweat choride tests', 'Autosomal dominant', 'Defect in Chromosome 11']","output":"Lung normal at bih"} +{"instruction":"In alveolar variant of rhabdomyosarcoma , the resultant fusion protein is believed to function as","input":"Choices: ['Activated growth factor receptor', 'Chimeric transcription factor', 'Constitutively active kinase', 'Novel growth factor']","output":"Chimeric transcription factor"} +{"instruction":"AB trans retinoic acid is useful in the treatment of-","input":"Choices: ['Myelodysplastic leukemia', 'Promyelocytic leukemia', 'Myelomonocytic leukemia', 'Chronic myelocytic leukemia']","output":"Promyelocytic leukemia"} +{"instruction":"Regarding HMP shunt all of the following are true, EXCEPT:","input":"Choices: ['Occurs in the cytosol', 'No ATP is produced in the cycle', 'It is active in Adipose tissue, Liver and Gonads', 'The oxidative phase generates NADPH and the Non oxidative phase generates pyruvate']","output":"The oxidative phase generates NADPH and the Non oxidative phase generates pyruvate"} +{"instruction":"Atherosclerotic occlusion of which aery would result in insufficient perfusion of urinary bladder","input":"Choices: ['External iliac', 'Internal pudendal', 'Internal iliac', 'Lateral sacral']","output":"Internal iliac"} +{"instruction":"The ureter is identified at operation by:","input":"Choices: ['Rich arterial plexus', 'Peristaltic movement', 'Relation to lumber plexus', 'Accompanied by renal vein']","output":"Peristaltic movement"} +{"instruction":"The results of the pulmonary functions tests shown below, the best diagnosis is -ParametersActualPredictedFE VI (L)1[?]23[?]5-4[?]3FVC(L)4[?]14[?]6-5[?]4FEVL'FVC (%)2972-80PEF (L\/min)80440-540DLCO120%100%","input":"Choices: ['Asthma', 'Asbestosis', 'ARDS', 'Silicosis']","output":"Asthma"} +{"instruction":"Characteristic feature of Crohn's disease is?","input":"Choices: ['Skip lesions', 'Toxic megacolon', 'Fibrosis is rare', 'Involvement is superficial']","output":"Skip lesions"} +{"instruction":"Investigation of choice to demonstrate vesicoureteral reflux is:","input":"Choices: ['Isotope cystogram', 'Contrast MCU', 'IVP', 'Cystoscopy']","output":"Contrast MCU"} +{"instruction":"A 25-year-old man involved in a motorcycle accident incurs a laceration to his thigh. The bleeding is stabilized en route to the hospital, but on arrival, he is noted to have orthostatic hypotension and his hematocrit is 21%. He receives 2 units of PRBCs. As the first unit is nearly finished transfusing, he becomes febrile and hypotensive. Urine output ceases. The serum above the clot in a red top phlebotomy tube is pink. Which of the following complications of transfusion has most likely occurred in this man?","input":"Choices: ['Donor antibodies were directed against his granulocytes', 'Donor blood was contaminated with hepatitis C virus', 'Fluid overload led to congestive heart failure', 'Mislabeled specimens were processed in the laboratory']","output":"Mislabeled specimens were processed in the laboratory"} +{"instruction":"All secondaries cause osteolytic lesions except","input":"Choices: ['Prostate', 'Breast', 'Thyroid', 'Bronchus']","output":"Prostate"} +{"instruction":"A housewife presented with acute paronychia since two days. The BEST anaesthetic agent for acute paronychia is:","input":"Choices: ['1% xylocaine', '2% xylocaine', 'Ketamine', 'Xylocaine + adrenaline']","output":"Xylocaine + adrenaline"} +{"instruction":"Active form of Vitamin -D -","input":"Choices: ['25-hydroxycho!ecalciferol', '24,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol', '1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol', 'Cholecalciferol']","output":"1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol"} +{"instruction":"The horizontal fracture of maxilla is called as:","input":"Choices: ['Le Fort I fracture', 'Floating jaw fracture of maxilla', 'Both of above', 'None of the above']","output":"Both of above"} +{"instruction":"All are true about Point source epidemic except","input":"Choices: ['Secondary Waves are not seen', 'All the cases occur simultaneously', 'Plateau is seen', 'None']","output":"Plateau is seen"} +{"instruction":"Reticulocytosis is seen in all except :","input":"Choices: ['P.N.H.', 'Hemolysis', 'Nutritional anemia', 'Dyserythropoietic syndrome']","output":"Nutritional anemia"} +{"instruction":"The most common cause of recurrent epistaxis in a 15 year old female is","input":"Choices: ['Juvenile nasopharyngeal fibroma', 'Rhinosporidiosis', 'Foreign body', 'Hematological disorder']","output":"Hematological disorder"} +{"instruction":"The treatment of metastatic testicular carcinoma is","input":"Choices: ['Bleomycin, Etoposide, Cisplatin', 'Vinblastine, Etoposide, Cisplatin', 'Doxorubicin, 5FU, Mercaptopurine', 'Methotrexate, 5FU, Vincristine']","output":"Bleomycin, Etoposide, Cisplatin"} +{"instruction":"A-65, year old farmer presents with sweating, hypothermia and pulse rate of <50\/min treatment is -","input":"Choices: ['Physostigmine', 'Neostigmine', 'Atropine', 'Pilocarpine']","output":"Atropine"} +{"instruction":"Most common site of rhabdomyosarcoma is?","input":"Choices: ['Orbit', 'Nasopharynx', 'Extremities', 'Hypopharynx']","output":"Orbit"} +{"instruction":"A 9 year old boy presents with growth retardation and propensity to hypoglycemia. Physical examination reveals sho stature, micropenis, increased fat and high-pitched voice. The skeletal survey reveals bone age of 5 years. Which of the following is most appropriate diagnosis -","input":"Choices: ['Malabsorption', 'Growth hormone deficiency', 'Adrenal tumour', 'Thyroxin deficiency']","output":"Growth hormone deficiency"} +{"instruction":"A 20 years old nulliparous women is on oral contraceptives pills. She is currently diagnosed as having pulmonary tuberculosis. Which anti-tubercular drug decreases the effect of OCP","input":"Choices: ['INH', 'Pyrazinamide', 'Ethambutol', 'Rifampicin']","output":"Rifampicin"} +{"instruction":"Intense depression & misery without any cause is","input":"Choices: ['Melancholia', 'Mania', 'Schizophrenia', 'Major depressive disorder']","output":"Melancholia"} +{"instruction":"Lichenisation occurs in which layer of skin-","input":"Choices: ['Stratum malpighi', 'Stratum corneum', 'Stratum lucidum', 'Stratum granulosum']","output":"Stratum malpighi"} +{"instruction":"All of the conditions are associated with septal perforation, EXCEPT:","input":"Choices: ['Septal abscess', 'Leprosy', 'Rhinophyma', 'Trauma']","output":"Rhinophyma"} +{"instruction":"A patient has a miotic pupil, IOP = 25, normal anterior chamber, hazy cornea and a shallow anterior chamber in the fellow eye. Diagnosis is –","input":"Choices: ['Acute anterior uveitis', 'Acute angle closure glaucoma', 'Acute open angle glaucoma', 'Senile cataract']","output":"Acute anterior uveitis"} +{"instruction":"Laminin is seen in -","input":"Choices: ['Basement membrane', 'Lens', 'Bone', 'Cartilage']","output":"Basement membrane"} +{"instruction":"The pharmakokinetic change occurring in geriatric patient is due to","input":"Choices: ['Gastric absorption', 'Liver metabolism', 'Renal clearance', 'Hypersensitivity']","output":"Renal clearance"} +{"instruction":"C-Wave in JVP is due to -","input":"Choices: ['Atrial contraction', 'Ventricular filling', 'Atrial filling', 'Bulging of tricuspid valve in right atrium']","output":"Bulging of tricuspid valve in right atrium"} +{"instruction":"How long does it take for incipient caries to develop into clinically evident smooth surface caries?","input":"Choices: ['9 ± 6 months', '2 + 6 months', '18 + 6 months', '24 ± 6 months']","output":"18 + 6 months"} +{"instruction":"The physical properties of the compacted gold(restoration) are probably more greatly influenced by:","input":"Choices: ['Competence of the dentist in manipulating and placing the gold material', 'Hardness of the gold used for filling the prepared cavity', 'Physical properties of various types of gold used for filling the prepared cavity', 'None of the above']","output":"Competence of the dentist in manipulating and placing the gold material"} +{"instruction":"A patient consults a dermatologist about a skin lesion on her neck. Examination reveals a 1-cm diameter,red, scaly plaque with a rough texture and irregular margins. Biopsy demonstrates epidermal and dermal cells with large, pleomorphic, hyperchromatic nuclei. Which of the following conditions would most likely predispose this patient to the development of this lesion?","input":"Choices: ['Actinic keratosis', 'Compound nevus', 'Dermal nevus', 'Junctional nevus']","output":"Actinic keratosis"} +{"instruction":"Insulin of choice for the treatment of diabetes mellitus is:","input":"Choices: ['Regular Insulin', 'NPH insulin', 'Insulin glargine', 'Insulin lispro']","output":"Regular Insulin"} +{"instruction":"A 3-year-old boy was found to have reduced red blood cell (RBC) numbers yet exhibited very few signs of anemia. An analysis of labeled RBCs indicated a greatly reduced ATP yield as compared to someone without the anemia. In this child, which one of the following would be expected to increase in RBC?","input":"Choices: ['The life span of the RBCs', 'The rate of fatty acid oxidation', 'ATP production', 'The levels of 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate']","output":"The levels of 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following can be oxidized by b- oxidation pathway?","input":"Choices: ['Saturated fatty acids', 'Mono saturated fatty acids', 'Polyunsaturated fatty acids', 'All of these']","output":"All of these"} +{"instruction":"Earliest sensation to be lost in Hansens disease is:","input":"Choices: ['Pain', 'Touch', 'Vibration', 'Temperature']","output":"Temperature"} +{"instruction":"Adson's test is positive in","input":"Choices: ['Cervical rib', 'Cervical fracture', 'Cervical spondylosis', 'Cervical dislocation']","output":"Cervical rib"} +{"instruction":"A 25-yr man C\/O recurrent episodes of flexural eczema, contact urticaria, recurrent skin infections & severe abdominal cramps & diarrhea upon taking sea foods. He is suffering from:","input":"Choices: ['Seborrheic dermatitis', 'Atopic dermatitis', 'Airborne contact dermatitis', 'Nummular dermatitis']","output":"Atopic dermatitis"} +{"instruction":"Medical management of kernicterus is :","input":"Choices: ['Sulfonamide', 'Erythromycin', 'Phenobarbitone', 'Phenytoin']","output":"Phenobarbitone"} +{"instruction":"Spores of bacteria are destroyed by","input":"Choices: ['Alcohol', 'Lysol', 'Halogen', 'Ionizing radiation']","output":"Halogen"} +{"instruction":"All of the following are true about Heparin except","input":"Choices: ['Argatroban is the drug of choice for Heparin induced thrombocytopenia', 'Unfractionized Heparin induce antibodies against PF - 4 and lead to platelet aggregation', 'Heparin can lead to arterial thrombosis more than venous thrombosis', 'Unfractionized Heparin is safer in renal failure']","output":"Heparin can lead to arterial thrombosis more than venous thrombosis"} +{"instruction":"Hyperkalemia is caused by ?","input":"Choices: ['Amphotiricin B', 'Beta agonists', 'Gentamycin', 'Succinylcholine']","output":"Succinylcholine"} +{"instruction":"Forceps delivery is done in all except:","input":"Choices: ['Mentoposterior', 'Deep transverse arrest', 'After coming head', 'Maternal heart disease']","output":"Mentoposterior"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is not true about\nhashimoto’s thyroiditis?","input":"Choices: ['More common in females', 'HLA B8 association', 'Presents after 6-8 weeks of upper respiratory tract infection', 'Can lead to thyroid lymphoma']","output":"Presents after 6-8 weeks of upper respiratory tract infection"} +{"instruction":"Investigation of choice in hirschsprug's disease is -","input":"Choices: ['Rectal manometry', 'Rectal examination', 'Rectal biopsy', 'Ba enema']","output":"Rectal biopsy"} +{"instruction":"All of the following is true about Abruptio placentae except:","input":"Choices: ['Premature separation of normal attached placentae', 'Bright red blood', 'Risk of recurrence is about 15% with previous abruption', 'More common in multigravida']","output":"Bright red blood"} +{"instruction":"Diagnosis of all is made by fluorescein angiographyexcept?","input":"Choices: ['Diabetes retinopathy', 'Hypeensive retinopathy', 'Central serous retinopathy', 'Choroidal neovascularization']","output":"Hypeensive retinopathy"} +{"instruction":"Kuttner Tumour is a lesion of following gland","input":"Choices: ['Lymph gland', 'Salivary gland', 'Sebaceous gland', 'Thymus gland']","output":"Salivary gland"} +{"instruction":"Wood's lamp light is used in the diagnosis of –","input":"Choices: ['Tinea capitis', 'Candida albicans', 'Histoplasma', 'Cryptococcus']","output":"Tinea capitis"} +{"instruction":"The Radiological hallmark of Osteo SA-","input":"Choices: ['Soap bubble appearance', 'Sun ray appearance', 'Osteoid formation by neoplastic cells', 'Cotton wool appearance']","output":"Sun ray appearance"} +{"instruction":"In an Adult with moderate work, balanced diet should contain what quantity of milk?","input":"Choices: ['100 ml\/day', '150 ml\/day', '200 ml\/day', '250 ml\/day']","output":"200 ml\/day"} +{"instruction":"Essex Lopresti lesion in upper limb","input":"Choices: ['Injury to interosseous membrane', 'Radial head and DER fracture', 'Radial shaft', 'Radial shaft and radio-ulnar joint fracture']","output":"Injury to interosseous membrane"} +{"instruction":"Earliest clinical feature of orbital extension of the basal cell carcinoma of the eyelid is","input":"Choices: ['Diplopia', 'Photophobia', 'Leucocoria', 'Proptosis']","output":"Diplopia"} +{"instruction":"Floor of 4th ventricle is not formed by?","input":"Choices: ['Posterior surface of pons', 'Sulcus limitans', 'Posterior surface of medulla', 'Inferior medullary velum']","output":"Inferior medullary velum"} +{"instruction":"Anterior Staphyloma is seen in:","input":"Choices: ['Sloughing corneal ulcer', 'Scleritis', 'Glaucoma', 'Patholog ical myopia']","output":"Sloughing corneal ulcer"} +{"instruction":"Halocrine secretion is seen in .....gland","input":"Choices: ['Salivary', 'Mammary', 'Sebaceous glands', 'Gastric']","output":"Sebaceous glands"} +{"instruction":"Breast milk is deficient in which of the following?","input":"Choices: ['Iron', 'Vitamin K', 'PABA', 'Lactoferrin']","output":"Vitamin K"} +{"instruction":"Minimum quantity of filtered Na actually excreted is by which of the following diuretic?","input":"Choices: ['Furesemide', 'Thiazide', 'Amiloride', 'Acetazolamide']","output":"Amiloride"} +{"instruction":"Most virulent variety of shigellosis is caused by ?","input":"Choices: ['S. Dysenteriae', 'S. Sonnei', 'S. Flexneri', 'S. Boydii']","output":"S. Dysenteriae"} +{"instruction":"In PCOD, which is true","input":"Choices: ['Increase FSH, decrease LH', 'Increase LH, decrease estrogen', 'Increase FSH\/LH ratio, decrease estrogen', 'Increase LH, increase estrogen']","output":"Increase LH, increase estrogen"} +{"instruction":"Sibutramine is indicated for:","input":"Choices: ['Smoking cessation', 'Obesity', 'Severe weight loss', 'Mania']","output":"Obesity"} +{"instruction":"Agent of first choice in an acute attack of Prinzmetal's angina is:","input":"Choices: ['Diltiazem', 'Nitrates', 'Propranolol', 'Verapamil']","output":"Nitrates"} +{"instruction":"The best suited medium for Vibrio cholerae is:","input":"Choices: ['Thayer main', 'TCBS medium', 'Scirrow medium', \"Loeffler's medium\"]","output":"TCBS medium"} +{"instruction":"In congestive cardiac failure all are true used except-","input":"Choices: ['Spironlactone', 'Nitrates', 'Nesiritide', 'Trimetazidine']","output":"Trimetazidine"} +{"instruction":"The following organisms are known to develop resistance to Penicillin except :","input":"Choices: ['Staphylococcus', 'Streptococcus', 'Pneumococcus', 'Treponema']","output":"Treponema"} +{"instruction":"Principle of pole dilatation is primarily utilized by:","input":"Choices: ['Forceps.', 'Elevator.', 'Both of the above.', 'None.']","output":"Forceps."} +{"instruction":"IgE binds to which cell ?","input":"Choices: ['T cells', 'B cells', 'Mast cells', 'NK cells']","output":"Mast cells"} +{"instruction":"Microangiopathic hemolytic anaemia is seen in all of the following diseases except aEUR'","input":"Choices: ['Antiphosphplipid antibody syndrome', 'Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura', 'Microscopic polyangitis', 'Metallic cardiac valves']","output":"Antiphosphplipid antibody syndrome"} +{"instruction":"Nail involvement is not a feature of :","input":"Choices: ['Psoriasis', 'Drug induced lupus erythematous', 'Dermatophytosis\/Tenia', 'Lichen Planus']","output":"Drug induced lupus erythematous"} +{"instruction":"Vital staining was introduced by:","input":"Choices: ['Enlow', 'Wolff', 'John Hunter', 'Petrovic']","output":"John Hunter"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following in an example of an amine precursor uptake and decarboxylation (APUD) type of tumor in the lung?","input":"Choices: ['Squamous cell carcinoma', 'Adenocarcinoma', 'Bronchial hamaoma', 'Bronchial carcinoid']","output":"Bronchial carcinoid"} +{"instruction":"A patient presented with uveitis with raised intraocular pressure (secondary glaucoma). Drug used is: March 2004","input":"Choices: ['1% pilocarpine', '1% atropine', 'Timolol', 'Acetazolamide']","output":"1% atropine"} +{"instruction":"Nissl substance is found in: March 2013","input":"Choices: ['Neuron', 'Hepatocytes', 'Cardiocytes', 'ENterocytes']","output":"Neuron"} +{"instruction":"True about ZES (gastrinoma) -","input":"Choices: ['Gastrin levels > 1000 pg\/mL', 'BAO (Basal acid output) > 15 meq\/hr', 'Somatostatin is inhibitor of HCL secretion', 'All']","output":"All"} +{"instruction":"A 43-year-old male high-level executive presents to his physician due to a persistent dizziness when standing quickly. He also has been exhibiting chronic fatigue, some muscle weakness, and an unusual craving for salty foods. The physician notices that the patient has a constant \"bronze tan,\" and blood obtained during the visit demonstrated not only normal cholesterol levels but also hypoglycemia, hyperkalemia, and hyponatremia. The underlying cause for these problems is which one of the following?","input":"Choices: ['Adrenal insufficiency', 'Pituitary insufficiency', 'Lack of insulin', 'Lack of glucagon']","output":"Adrenal insufficiency"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following statement is FALSE regarding hepatic duct?","input":"Choices: ['Left hepatic duct formed in umbilical fissure', 'Caudate lobe drains mostly into the left hepatic duct', 'Right hepatic duct drains V and VIII segments', 'Left hepatic duct crosses IV segment']","output":"Caudate lobe drains mostly into the left hepatic duct"} +{"instruction":"All of the following nondepolarising neuromuscular blocker causes histamine release except-","input":"Choices: ['Atracurium', 'Mivacurium', 'd-tubocurare', 'Vecuronium']","output":"Vecuronium"} +{"instruction":"Earliest radiological change in RA:","input":"Choices: ['Decreased joint space', 'Aicular erosion', 'Periaicular osteopenia', 'Subchondral cyst']","output":"Periaicular osteopenia"} +{"instruction":"A person presents with fever and altered consciousness. Investigations reveal anemia with fragmented red blood cells, platelet count of 20,000\/mm', serum creatinine of 3.0 mg % and normal PT and aPTT. Which of the following is the most appropriate treatment for the patient:","input":"Choices: ['Plasma Exchange Therapy', 'Coicosteroids and Intravenous', 'Immunoglobulins', 'Anticoagulation with Heparin']","output":"Plasma Exchange Therapy"} +{"instruction":"If hardness level of water is 50-150 mg\/L, the water is defined as -","input":"Choices: ['Soft', 'Moderately hard', 'Flard', 'Very hard']","output":"Moderately hard"} +{"instruction":"Most common cause of intracranial haemorrhage is:","input":"Choices: ['Sub arachnoid haemorrhage', 'Intracerebral hemorrhage', 'Subdural haemorrhage', 'Extradural haemorrhage']","output":"Intracerebral hemorrhage"} +{"instruction":"A patient presents with ataxia, urinary incontinence, and dementia.The likely diagnosis is:","input":"Choices: [\"Alzheimer's Disease\", \"Parkinson's disease\", 'Steel Richardson syndrome', 'Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus']","output":"Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus"} +{"instruction":"Hexokinase is ?","input":"Choices: ['Ligase', 'Transferase', 'Oxidoreductase', 'Reductase']","output":"Transferase"} +{"instruction":"A 3 yr old child was brought to ER with complaints of hematuria after accidental ingestion of napthalene balls, this indicates:","input":"Choices: ['Purpura', 'Black water fever', 'G6PD deficiency', 'Heriditary spherocytosis']","output":"G6PD deficiency"} +{"instruction":"Glucose in renal tubules reabsorbed and is transpoed through the following mechanism:","input":"Choices: ['Na antepo', 'Na cotranspo', 'K antepo', 'K sympo']","output":"Na cotranspo"} +{"instruction":"Shy Dragor Syndrome is","input":"Choices: ['Vasovagal syncope', 'Orthostatic hypotension', 'Intestinal polyp', 'Acute adrenergic shock']","output":"Orthostatic hypotension"} +{"instruction":"A 25-year old man with bilateral gynecomastia and multiple metastatic tumor nodules in both lung fields would most likely have primary cancer of the?","input":"Choices: ['Bone marrow', 'Testicle', 'Kidney', 'Islets cells of the pancreas.']","output":"Testicle"} +{"instruction":"A 35-year-old female patient Radha having children aged 5 and 6 years has history of amenorrhea and galactorrhea. Blood examination reveals increased prolactin. CT of head is likely to reveal:","input":"Choices: ['Pituitary adenoma', 'Craniopharyngioma', \"Sheehan's syndrome\", 'Pinealoma']","output":"Pituitary adenoma"} +{"instruction":"Absolutely contra indicated anti-hypertensive drug in pregnancy is","input":"Choices: ['Enalapril', 'Diazoxide', 'Atenolol', 'Nifedipine']","output":"Enalapril"} +{"instruction":"A 3-month-old infant is diagnosed with a membranous ventricular septal defect. A cardiac operation is performed, and the septal defect is patched inferior to the noncoronary cusp of the aorta. Two days postoperatively the infant develops severe arrhythmias affecting both ventricles. Which part of the conduction tissue was most likely injured during the procedure?","input":"Choices: ['Right bundle branch', 'Left bundle branch', 'Bundle of His', 'Posterior internodal pathway']","output":"Bundle of His"} +{"instruction":"A Pt. has eccbymoses and petechiae all over the body with no hepatosplenomegaly. All are true except -","input":"Choices: ['Increased megakaryocytes in bone narrow.', 'Bleeding into the joints', 'Decreased platelet in blood', 'Disease resolves itslef in 80% of Pt. in 2-6 weeks.']","output":"Bleeding into the joints"} +{"instruction":"Clotting factors that is not affected in liver disease is?","input":"Choices: ['Factors II', 'Factor IV', 'Factor IX', 'Factor VIII']","output":"Factor VIII"} +{"instruction":"Oldest lens fibres are found in ?","input":"Choices: ['Capsule', 'Coex', 'Coex', 'Nucleus']","output":"Nucleus"} +{"instruction":"Maximum reabsorption of filtered glucose is from","input":"Choices: ['PCT', 'DCT', 'Collecting disc', 'Thick ascending loop of Henle']","output":"PCT"} +{"instruction":"Which is true about measurement of BP with syphgnomonmeter versus intraaerial pressure measurements:","input":"Choices: ['Less than intravascular pressure', 'More than intravascular pressure', 'Equal to intravascular pressure', 'Depends upon blood flow']","output":"More than intravascular pressure"} +{"instruction":"The wetting of an adherent surface by an adhesive is related to:","input":"Choices: ['Surface energy of the adherent', 'Surface texture of the adherent', 'Surface tension of the adherent', 'Nature of the adherent that is crystalline or amorphous']","output":"Surface energy of the adherent"} +{"instruction":"In a double blind clinical drug trial -","input":"Choices: ['Each patient receives a placebo', 'Each patient receives both (double) treatment', 'The patients do not know which treatment they are receiving', 'The patients do not know that they are in a drug trial']","output":"The patients do not know which treatment they are receiving"} +{"instruction":"In DNA, Cytosine is passed with","input":"Choices: ['Thymine', 'Guanine', 'Ademine', 'Uracil']","output":"Guanine"} +{"instruction":"The method of choice of tuberculosis detection mass screening is","input":"Choices: ['Tuberculin test', 'Sputum smear examination by direct microscopy', 'Mass Miniature Radiography (MMR)', 'Sputum culture']","output":"Sputum smear examination by direct microscopy"} +{"instruction":"What is most commonly involved in carcinoma colon -","input":"Choices: ['Caecum', 'Rectosigtmoid colon', 'Transverse colon', 'Ascending colon']","output":"Rectosigtmoid colon"} +{"instruction":"Which among the following is NOT true about right kidney?","input":"Choices: ['Rt. kidney is preferred over the left for transplantation', 'It is lower than the left kidney', 'Rt. renal vein is shoer than the left', 'Ri. renal vessels are related to the duodenum']","output":"Rt. kidney is preferred over the left for transplantation"} +{"instruction":"Radiosensitivity of tumour depends on:","input":"Choices: ['Histology', 'Blood supply', 'Nucleus atypia', 'Number of cells']","output":"Histology"} +{"instruction":"A woman at 32 weeks of pregnancy, presents with labour pains. On examination, her cervix is 2 cm dilated and one uterine contraction is felt every 20 - 30 seconds. The management is :-","input":"Choices: ['Isoxsuprine hydrochloride', 'Wait and watch', 'Augmentation of labour', 'Emergency LSCS']","output":"Isoxsuprine hydrochloride"} +{"instruction":"A ease of suspected homicide comes to a doctor He is supposed to inform police under section .......... of CrPC:","input":"Choices: ['37', '39', '174', '176']","output":"39"} +{"instruction":"All of the following are vasodilators except","input":"Choices: ['Methyl dopa', 'Nitroprusside', 'Hydralazine', 'Diazoxide']","output":"Methyl dopa"} +{"instruction":"All are sphincters of lower genito urinary tract of female except?","input":"Choices: ['Pubovaginalis', 'External urethral sphincter', 'Internal urethral sphincter', 'Bulbospongiosus']","output":"Internal urethral sphincter"} +{"instruction":"Active form of vitamin D is","input":"Choices: ['25 - OH - cholecalciferol', '1- 25 - dihydroxy cholecalciferol', 'Ergocalciferol', 'Cholecalciferol']","output":"1- 25 - dihydroxy cholecalciferol"} +{"instruction":"Higher pulse frequency of GnRH","input":"Choices: ['Stimulates FSH Preferentially', 'Stimulates LH Preferentially', 'Decreases both FSH and LH', 'Decreases LH preferentially']","output":"Stimulates LH Preferentially"} +{"instruction":"Mousy (musty) odour of urine is feature of","input":"Choices: ['Phenylketonuria', 'Maple syrup urine disease', 'Glutaric acidemia', 'Howkinsinuria']","output":"Phenylketonuria"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following has least extra-pyramidal side effect?","input":"Choices: ['Haloperidol', 'Fluphenazine', 'Clozapine', 'Flupenthioxol']","output":"Clozapine"} +{"instruction":"A 24-year-old accountant complains of a white discharge from his breasts. He is most likely experiencing which one of the following?","input":"Choices: ['A tumor of the posterior pituitary that could be surgically removed', 'Excessive production of OT in the hypothalamus', 'Deficient testosterone receptors in the mammary glands', 'A prolactinoma that would decrease its secretory activity in response to bromocriptine (an analog of dopamine)']","output":"A prolactinoma that would decrease its secretory activity in response to bromocriptine (an analog of dopamine)"} +{"instruction":"Which of the changes occur in bone growth -","input":"Choices: ['Increased acid phosphatase', 'Increased urinary calcium', 'Increased bone nucleotidase', 'Increased osteocalcin']","output":"Increased osteocalcin"} +{"instruction":"Keratocyst has all of the following features except:","input":"Choices: ['It is more common in mandible', 'May be filled with thin straw coloured fluid', 'Low recurrence rate', 'Expansion of bone clinically seen']","output":"Low recurrence rate"} +{"instruction":"Alexithymia is:","input":"Choices: ['A feeling of intense rapture', 'Pathological sadness', 'Affective flattening', 'Inability to recognise and describe feelings']","output":"Inability to recognise and describe feelings"} +{"instruction":"The operation where in the stump of the stomach is directly anastomosed to the stump of the duodenum is called -","input":"Choices: ['Polya gastrectomy', 'Hoffmeister gastrectomy', 'Billroth I gastrectomy', 'Billroth II gastrectomy']","output":"Billroth I gastrectomy"} +{"instruction":"Nerve supply to musculature of urinary bladder is ?","input":"Choices: ['Symphathetic', 'Parasympathetic', 'Both', 'None']","output":"Both"} +{"instruction":"______ muscle pulls the tongue upwards and backwards during swallowing:","input":"Choices: ['Hyoglossus', 'Palatoglossus', 'Superior longitudinal', 'Styloglossus']","output":"Styloglossus"} +{"instruction":"A ninfectiousdisease shows iceberg phenomenon. That means it has -","input":"Choices: ['More case fatality rate', 'More SAR', 'More subclinical cases', 'More complications']","output":"More subclinical cases"} +{"instruction":"Commonest site of Hypertensive intracerebral bleed is?","input":"Choices: ['Pons', 'Putamen', 'Frontal lobe', 'Thalamus']","output":"Putamen"} +{"instruction":"Regarding diagnostic use of FSH in menopause, true is all except","input":"Choices: ['Test is best done on day 3 → 5 of the cycle.', 'Two measurements at least 2 weeks to 3 months apart is recommended.', 'Useful to predict when menopause will occur.', 'Monitoring FSH levels on treatment is of little value.']","output":"Useful to predict when menopause will occur."} +{"instruction":"The frequently occurring value in a distribution of data is: September 2012, March 2013 (b)","input":"Choices: ['Median', 'Mode', 'Standard detion', 'Mean']","output":"Mode"} +{"instruction":"Two antihistaminics terfenadine and astemizole were withdrawn from the market following the occurrence of cardiac arrhythmias when they were present in high levels in the blood. These effects were explained by the fact:","input":"Choices: ['Use of these drugs by addicts', 'Genetic predisposition to metabolize succinylcholine slowly', 'Concurrent treatment with phenobarbital', 'Treatment of these patients with erythromycin, a macrolide antibiotic']","output":"Treatment of these patients with erythromycin, a macrolide antibiotic"} +{"instruction":"Which vitamin deficiency may lead to Keratinization","input":"Choices: ['A', 'B', 'C', 'D']","output":"A"} +{"instruction":"GH secretion is","input":"Choices: ['Greater in early morning', 'Greater in evening', 'Increases on preolonged fasting', 'Stimulates B-cells of pancreases directly']","output":"Increases on preolonged fasting"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following perinatal infections has the highest risk of fetal infection in the first trimester","input":"Choices: ['Hepatitis B virus', 'Syphillis', 'Toxoplasmosis', 'Rubella']","output":"Rubella"} +{"instruction":"A lady undergoes radical hysterectomy for stage lb ca cervix. It was found that cancer extends to lower pa of body of uterus and upper pa of cervix next step of management will be:","input":"Choices: ['Chemotherapy', 'Radiotherapy', 'Chemoradiation', 'Follow-up']","output":"Follow-up"} +{"instruction":"All of the following are indicative of effective leprosy control programme except:","input":"Choices: ['High new case detection rate', 'Increasing number of children affected', 'Decreased type 2 disability', 'None of the above']","output":"Increasing number of children affected"} +{"instruction":"Regular drinking of which of the following can help prevent Urinary tract infection (UTI)?","input":"Choices: ['Grape juice', 'Orange juice', 'Cranberry juice', 'Raspberry juice']","output":"Cranberry juice"} +{"instruction":"Tzank smear is positive in –","input":"Choices: ['Herpes simplex', 'Psoriasis', 'LP', 'Warts']","output":"Herpes simplex"} +{"instruction":"Spontaneous pneumothorax is seen ina) Smokersb) Male sexc) Exercised) Short stature","input":"Choices: ['ac', 'a', 'ad', 'ab']","output":"ab"} +{"instruction":"Target material used for generating X-rays:","input":"Choices: ['Tungsten', 'Cobalt', 'Cadmium', 'Palladium']","output":"Tungsten"} +{"instruction":"The following is not one of the 4 key cell cycle regulators which are dysregulated in a variety of human cancers","input":"Choices: ['P16\/INK4a', 'Cyclin D', 'P21', 'RB']","output":"P21"} +{"instruction":"Which poisoning causes 'Swift Feer disease'?","input":"Choices: ['Arsenic', 'Mercury', 'Copper', 'Lead']","output":"Mercury"} +{"instruction":"Pavlov's experiment is an example of","input":"Choices: ['Operant conditioning', 'Classical conditioning', 'Learned helplessness', 'Modeling']","output":"Classical conditioning"} +{"instruction":"Digitalis acts in CHF by:","input":"Choices: ['Na+ K+ ATPase inhibition', 'Na+ K+ ATPase stimulation', 'Blockade of calcium channels', 'Increasing the refractory period of AV node']","output":"Na+ K+ ATPase inhibition"} +{"instruction":"Most common organism causing osteomyelitis:","input":"Choices: ['Staph Aureus', 'Strep pneumonia', 'H. Influenza', 'E. coli']","output":"Staph Aureus"} +{"instruction":"False about Kishori Sakthi Yojana","input":"Choices: ['Money transfer', 'LIterature', 'Vocational training', 'Health planning']","output":"Money transfer"} +{"instruction":"Cidofovir can be used for :","input":"Choices: ['Respiratory papillomatosis', 'Herpes simplex', 'CMV', 'All of the above']","output":"All of the above"} +{"instruction":"Dystrophic calcification is seen in ?","input":"Choices: ['Milk alkali syndrome', 'Atheromatous plaque', 'Hyperparathyroidism', 'Vitamin A intoxication']","output":"Atheromatous plaque"} +{"instruction":"A patient on warfarin sodium following myocardial infarction reports for an oral surgical procedure. Which one of the following Laboratory tests should be preferred to ascertain the fitness","input":"Choices: ['Prothrornbin time', 'Tourniquet time', 'Clotting time', 'Bleeding time']","output":"Prothrornbin time"} +{"instruction":"Treatment of choice for 3rd degree hemorrhoids is:September 2007","input":"Choices: ['Sclerotherapy', 'Band ligation', 'Hemorrhoidectomy', 'All of the above']","output":"Hemorrhoidectomy"} +{"instruction":"Which drug is not effective against H pylori?","input":"Choices: ['Colloidal bismuth', 'Metronidazole', 'Amoxycilline', 'Erythromycin']","output":"Erythromycin"} +{"instruction":"All are true about liver adenoma except","input":"Choices: ['Normal liver architecture', 'Increased fat', 'Increased glycogen', 'Cells arranged in cords']","output":"Normal liver architecture"} +{"instruction":"Adenosine deaminase deficiency is seen in the following:","input":"Choices: ['Common variable immunodeficiency', 'Severe combined immunodeficiency', 'Chronic granulomatous disease', 'Nezelof syndrome']","output":"Severe combined immunodeficiency"} +{"instruction":"Plasmapharesis is used in all of the following, EXCEPT:","input":"Choices: ['Myaesthenic crisis', 'Cholinergic crisis', 'Gullian Barre syndrome', 'Polymyositis']","output":"Cholinergic crisis"} +{"instruction":"All are true about full thickness rectal prolapse except:","input":"Choices: ['Elderly are at risk', 'Common in children', 'More common in female', 'sensation of incomplete evacuation']","output":"Common in children"} +{"instruction":"Acute pyelonephritis and uncomplicated UTI may be differentiated by all of the following, except:","input":"Choices: ['WBC cast', 'Concentrating defect', 'Organisms in excess of 100,000 cfu\/ml', 'Antibody to Tomm Horsfall protein']","output":"Organisms in excess of 100,000 cfu\/ml"} +{"instruction":"All of true about HOCM except","input":"Choices: ['Asymmetrical septal thickness', 'Left ventricular outflow obstruction', 'Double apical impule', 'Digitalis is useful']","output":"Digitalis is useful"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is NOT a condition for trial of vaginal delivery in VBAC:","input":"Choices: ['Breech presentation', 'Previous CS of more than 1', 'Presence of anesthesiologist', 'Informed consent']","output":"Previous CS of more than 1"} +{"instruction":"Organism which can penetrate normal cornea: March 2013 (c)","input":"Choices: ['Mycobacterium tuberculosis', 'Neisseria gonorrhoeae', 'Neisseria meningitidis', 'Mycobacterium leprae']","output":"Neisseria gonorrhoeae"} +{"instruction":"Epithelial xerosis of the conjunctiva is caused by -","input":"Choices: ['Trachoma', 'Diphtheria', 'Xerophthalmia', 'Pemphigus']","output":"Xerophthalmia"} +{"instruction":"In Wilson disease, which of the following is seen?","input":"Choices: ['Low ceruloplasmin, high urine copper', 'Low ceruloplasmin, low urine copper', 'High ceruloplasmin, high urine copper', 'High ceruloplasmin, low urine copper']","output":"Low ceruloplasmin, high urine copper"} +{"instruction":"Polycystic ovarian disease is associated with :","input":"Choices: ['Ovarian cancer', 'Endometrial carcinoma', 'Congenital adrenal hyperplasia', 'Vaginal carcinoma']","output":"Endometrial carcinoma"} +{"instruction":"Metachromatic granules are found in:","input":"Choices: ['Diphtheria', 'Mycoplasma', 'Chlamydia', 'Staphylococcus']","output":"Diphtheria"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following drugs cause oligospermia ?","input":"Choices: ['Leflunomide', 'D - Penicillamine', 'Methotrexate', 'Sulfasalazine']","output":"Sulfasalazine"} +{"instruction":"This Chest Radiograph from a infant is given what is the probable diagnosis ?","input":"Choices: ['Congenital Diaphgramtic Hernia', 'Respiratory Distress Syndrome', 'Transient Tachypnea of New born', 'Scimitar syndrome']","output":"Respiratory Distress Syndrome"} +{"instruction":"The mechanism of action of surfactant is?","input":"Choices: ['Lubricates the flow of C02 diffusion', 'Binds oxygen', 'Makes the capillary surface hydrophilic', 'Breaks the structure of water in the alveoli']","output":"Breaks the structure of water in the alveoli"} +{"instruction":"Gottron papules' seen in dermatomyositis all are true except","input":"Choices: ['seen on knuckles', 'Violaceous papules', 'Bullous lesions', 'Seen in 1\/3 of patients']","output":"Bullous lesions"} +{"instruction":"The most life threatening complications of septic abortion includes:","input":"Choices: ['Peritonitis', 'Renal failure', 'Respiratory distress syndrome', 'Septicemia']","output":"Respiratory distress syndrome"} +{"instruction":"Clavipectoral fascia is pierced by all of the following structures, EXCEPT:","input":"Choices: ['Medial pectoral nerve', 'Lateral pectoral nerve', 'Cephalic vein', 'Thoracoacromial vessels']","output":"Medial pectoral nerve"} +{"instruction":"Dr. Taggart is associated with","input":"Choices: ['Discovery of Ceramics', 'Lost wax technique', 'Acid etch technique', 'Bleaching procedures']","output":"Lost wax technique"} +{"instruction":"In early acute pulpal abscess of children, radiograph shows: (OR) the first radiographic evidence of acute apical abscess can be","input":"Choices: ['No change', 'destruction of lamina dura', 'Widening of periodontal ligament', 'rarefaction of alveolar bone']","output":"No change"} +{"instruction":"Zoster recurrence occur after infection with -","input":"Choices: ['HSV 1', 'HSV 2', 'Varicella', 'Small pox']","output":"Varicella"} +{"instruction":"Dusky hue of vestibule and ant vaginal wall is","input":"Choices: ['Chadwick sign', 'Osiandersign', 'Goodel sign', 'Hegar sign']","output":"Chadwick sign"} +{"instruction":"ECG changes in Hypokalemia are?","input":"Choices: ['Tall T wave', 'Poor P wave', 'Sho QT interval', 'Presence of U wave']","output":"Presence of U wave"} +{"instruction":"Tuberculin testing done at ?","input":"Choices: ['Dorsum of left arm', 'Dorsum of right arm', 'Ventral aspect of left forearm', 'Ventral aspect right forearm']","output":"Ventral aspect of left forearm"} +{"instruction":"GARDASIL vaccine is for -","input":"Choices: ['HPV 16,18', 'HSV', 'HPV 6,11,16,18', 'Hepatitis B']","output":"HPV 6,11,16,18"} +{"instruction":"The Fenton reaction leads to free radical generation when -","input":"Choices: ['Radiant energy is absorbed by water', 'Hydrogen peroxide is formed by myeloperoxidase', 'Ferrous ions are conveed to ferric ions', 'Nitric oxide is conveed to peroxynitrite anion']","output":"Ferrous ions are conveed to ferric ions"} +{"instruction":"Anti-peptic ulcer drug that can be given in patients with chronic renal failure (CRF)","input":"Choices: ['Aluminium Hydroxide', 'Aluminium Hydroxide', 'Sucralfate', 'None']","output":"None"} +{"instruction":"Tibial collateral ligament is the degenerated part of-","input":"Choices: ['Adductor magnus', 'Semitendinosus', 'Semimembranosus', 'Biceps femoris']","output":"Adductor magnus"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is true regarding breast feeding in HIV positive mother?","input":"Choices: ['Breast feeding has no effect on mother to child transmission of infection', 'Breast feeding doubles the risk of mother to child transmission of infection', 'Breast feeding triples the risk of mother to child transmission of infection', 'Breast feeding quadruples the risk of mother to child transmission of infection']","output":"Breast feeding doubles the risk of mother to child transmission of infection"} +{"instruction":"Capsicum seed can be confused with -","input":"Choices: ['Strychnine', 'Dhatura', 'Risinus', 'Opiun']","output":"Dhatura"} +{"instruction":"Not true regarding fresh frozen plasma ?","input":"Choices: ['Supplies major coagulation factors', 'ABO match not required', 'Should be used in replacement of factors in DIC\/trauma', 'To be used within 30 minutes of having trauma']","output":"To be used within 30 minutes of having trauma"} +{"instruction":"Transtentorial herniation causes all except","input":"Choices: ['Neck stiffness', 'Post cerebral aery infarct', 'Contralateral hemeiparesis', '3rd Nerve palsy with contralateral pupillary dilatation']","output":"Neck stiffness"} +{"instruction":"Primary osteoahritis affect all except:","input":"Choices: ['Hip Joint', 'Knee joint', 'Distal interphalangeal joint', 'Matacarpophalangeal joint']","output":"Matacarpophalangeal joint"} +{"instruction":"Meningitis caused by Cryptococcus neoformans is most often acquired by","input":"Choices: ['Head trauma', 'Primary gastrointestinal infection', 'Hematogenous spread of fungus from the lung', 'Ohopedic surgery']","output":"Hematogenous spread of fungus from the lung"} +{"instruction":"Wide QRS duration is -","input":"Choices: ['> 0.8sec', '> 0.9 sec', '>0.12 Sec', '>0.05 Sec']","output":">0.12 Sec"} +{"instruction":"Joint erosions are not a feature of:","input":"Choices: ['Rhematoid arthritis', 'Psoriasis', 'Multicentric reticulohistiocytosis', 'Systemis Lupus eythematosus']","output":"Systemis Lupus eythematosus"} +{"instruction":"Drug of choice for MRSA :","input":"Choices: ['Vancomycin', 'Metronidazole', 'Imipenem', 'Clindamycin']","output":"Vancomycin"} +{"instruction":"The sensory supply of the palate is through all of the following, except :","input":"Choices: ['Facial nerve', 'Hypoglossal nerve', 'Glossopharyngeal nerve', 'Maxillary division of trigeminal nerve']","output":"Hypoglossal nerve"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is false about optic nerve?","input":"Choices: ['Enters middle cranial fossa through the same foramen as ophthalmic artery', 'Has ciliary ganglion in its medial side', 'Lies medial to Internal carotid artery in middle cranial fossa', 'Contains more fibres in fetal than in adult life']","output":"Has ciliary ganglion in its medial side"} +{"instruction":"Voyeurism is also known as -","input":"Choices: ['Scotophilia', 'Priapism', 'Frotteurism', 'Onanism']","output":"Scotophilia"} +{"instruction":"Cholecyto-caval line separates","input":"Choices: ['Gall bladder & IVC', 'Poa hepatis & IVC', 'Right & left lobe', 'Quadrate & Caudate lobe of liver']","output":"Right & left lobe"} +{"instruction":"Fluconazole is the drug of choice for","input":"Choices: ['Candidiasis', 'Cryptococcus', 'Coccidioidomycosis', 'All of the above']","output":"All of the above"} +{"instruction":"Earliest sign of Rickets is","input":"Choices: ['Craniotabes', \"Harrison's groove\", 'Rachitic rosary', 'Pigeon breast']","output":"Craniotabes"} +{"instruction":"Diagnose:-","input":"Choices: ['Keratoconus', \"Wilson's disease\", 'Glaucoma', 'Williams syndrome']","output":"Wilson's disease"} +{"instruction":"Bone marrow depression is seen with chronic administration of","input":"Choices: ['Isoflurane', 'N2O', 'Ether', 'Halothane']","output":"N2O"} +{"instruction":"Most common indication for Liver Transplant in paediatric Patients is","input":"Choices: ['Fulminant liver failure', 'Hepatitis', 'Biliary atresia', 'Cirrhosis']","output":"Biliary atresia"} +{"instruction":"True about leimyosarcoma breast","input":"Choices: ['Axillary lymph mode dissection is mandatory', 'Well encapsulated', 'Follow up not required', 'Mastectomy is mainstay treatment']","output":"Well encapsulated"} +{"instruction":"INFLIXIMAB (systemic) is used in","input":"Choices: [\"Crohn's disease (treatment)\", \"To reduce the number of draining enterocutaneous fistula(s) in patients with fistuLizing crohn's disease\", 'Rheumatoid arthritis (treatment)', 'All of the above']","output":"All of the above"} +{"instruction":"True about Trichomonas vaginalis :","input":"Choices: ['Flagellated parasite', 'Fungal infection', 'Curdy white discharge', 'Pruritus absent']","output":"Flagellated parasite"} +{"instruction":"True about cornea –a) Power is 43 Db) Majority of refraction occur at air – tear interfacec) With the rule astigmatism is present because vertical meridian more steep than horizontal meridiand) Spherical structuree) Refractive index 1.334","input":"Choices: ['ab', 'bc', 'abc', 'bcd']","output":"abc"} +{"instruction":"Increase acetylcholinestrase in amniotic fluid indicates -","input":"Choices: ['Open neural tube defects', 'Oesophageal atresia', 'Down syndrome', 'Edward syndrome']","output":"Open neural tube defects"} +{"instruction":"Hyperpigmentation is seen with which hormone?","input":"Choices: ['FSH', 'LH', 'TSH', 'ACTH']","output":"ACTH"} +{"instruction":"Cranial nerves III, IV, V, VI lesions are associated with","input":"Choices: ['Sphenoparietal sinus', 'Occipital sinus', 'Occipital sinus', 'Cavernous sinus']","output":"Cavernous sinus"} +{"instruction":"Froment's sign is positive in cases of weakness of ?","input":"Choices: ['Thumb adduction', 'Thumb abduction', 'Thumb flexion', 'Thumb extension']","output":"Thumb adduction"} +{"instruction":"A 65 years old male presented to a hospital with focal seizures. His renal function was normal. Which of the following is the drug of choice for this patient ?","input":"Choices: ['Valproate', 'Pregabalin', 'Levetiracetam', 'Oxcarbazepine']","output":"Oxcarbazepine"} +{"instruction":"Sarcolemma is the cell wall surrounding:","input":"Choices: ['Neurons', 'Muscle cells', 'Red blood cells', 'None of the above']","output":"Muscle cells"} +{"instruction":"In PHC how to dispose placenta-","input":"Choices: ['Deep burial', 'Microwaving', 'Autoclaving', 'Chemical treatment']","output":"Deep burial"} +{"instruction":"A child suffered through trauma and had to undergo splenectomy for splenic injury and blood loss. The further management includes all of the following EXCEPT","input":"Choices: ['Continuous penicillin treatment', 'Continue aspirin to prevent coagulation', 'The parents are advised of the possible complica:ions the child is prone for', 'Repeated evaluation for potential complications']","output":"Continue aspirin to prevent coagulation"} +{"instruction":"Best uterine relaxation is seen with ?","input":"Choices: ['Chloroform', 'Nitrous oxide', 'Ether', 'Halothane']","output":"Halothane"} +{"instruction":"A patient has loss of sensation at angle of mandible (jaw) and parotid area. Which of the following nerve is most likely to be injured -","input":"Choices: ['Mandibular nerve', 'Auriculotemporal nerve', 'Lesser occipital nerve', 'Greater auricular nerve']","output":"Greater auricular nerve"} +{"instruction":"Octreotide is used in all except?","input":"Choices: ['Insulinoma', 'Glucagonoma', 'Glioma', 'Carcinoids']","output":"Glioma"} +{"instruction":"A female with 45X0 genotype has primary amenorrhoea. Most likely diagnosis is:","input":"Choices: ['Gonadal Dysgenesis', 'Androgen Insensitivity syndrome', 'Meyer Rokitansky Kuster Houser Syndrome.', 'Congenital adrenal Hyperplasia']","output":"Gonadal Dysgenesis"} +{"instruction":"Lymphatic drainage of the outer upper quadrant of the breast is mainly to:","input":"Choices: ['Anterior axillary group', 'Internal mammary group', 'Posterior axillary group', 'Apical nodes']","output":"Anterior axillary group"} +{"instruction":"Spermatogenesis takes place in ?","input":"Choices: ['Epididymis', 'Seminiferous tubule', 'Ductus deferens', 'Prostate']","output":"Seminiferous tubule"} +{"instruction":"Treatment of choice for this patient is:","input":"Choices: ['Sigmoidoscopy', 'Resection with anastomosis', 'Conservative', 'Hydrostatic enema']","output":"Resection with anastomosis"} +{"instruction":"In malaria definitive host is","input":"Choices: ['Male anopheles mosquito', 'Sand fly', 'TSE TSE fly', 'Female anopheles mosquito']","output":"Female anopheles mosquito"} +{"instruction":"Which among the following is the most common site of Felon?","input":"Choices: ['Index finger', 'Ring finger', 'Little finger', 'Thumb']","output":"Thumb"} +{"instruction":"A patient with a burning epigastric pain is admitted to the hospital, and a gastric biopsy is performed. The tissue is cultured on chocolate agar incubated in a microaerophilic environment at 98.6degF (37degC) for 5 to 7 days. On fifth day of incubation, colonies appear on the plate and curved, gram-negative, oxidase-positive rods are observed. Which of the following is the most likely identity of this organism?","input":"Choices: ['Campylobacter fetus', 'Campylobacter jejuni', 'Haemophilus influenzae', 'Helicobacter pylori']","output":"Helicobacter pylori"} +{"instruction":"Bridge therapy is employed in","input":"Choices: ['Mononeuritis multiplex', 'Rheumatoid arthritis', 'Osteoarthritis', 'Caplan syndrome']","output":"Rheumatoid arthritis"} +{"instruction":"In the immediate post operative period, body potassium is","input":"Choices: ['Exchanged with calcium', 'Exchanged with magnesium', 'Retained in body', 'Excreted excessively']","output":"Excreted excessively"} +{"instruction":"de Quervain's disease classically affects the:","input":"Choices: ['Flexor pollicis longus and brevis', 'Extensor carpi radialis and extensor pollicis longus', 'Abductor pollicis longus and brevis', 'Extensor pollicis brevis and abductor pollicis longus']","output":"Extensor pollicis brevis and abductor pollicis longus"} +{"instruction":"Auxiliary ohotopic liver transplant is indicated for","input":"Choices: ['Metabolic liver disease', 'As a standby procedure until finding a suitable donor', 'Drug induced hepatic failure', 'Acute fulminant liver failure for any cause']","output":"Acute fulminant liver failure for any cause"} +{"instruction":"Biological oxygen demand (BOD) measures the total organic content of water based on the consumption of oxygen in a sample at 20deg C Celsius over five days. A consumption of 10 to 20 mg of O2 per liter most likely represents a sample from","input":"Choices: ['Treated freshwater', 'Untreated freshwater', 'Treated sewage', 'Industrial wastewater']","output":"Treated sewage"} +{"instruction":"Prescence erythema nodosum indicates:","input":"Choices: ['Tuberculosis', 'sarcoidosis', 'Malignancies', 'all the above']","output":"all the above"} +{"instruction":"Unit of one of radiation absorbed is –","input":"Choices: ['Grey', 'Roengten', 'Curie', 'Bequerrel']","output":"Grey"} +{"instruction":"CTEV is","input":"Choices: ['Infective disease', 'Tumour', 'Congenital deformity', 'Metabolic abnormality']","output":"Congenital deformity"} +{"instruction":"AG2P1+0 at 36 weeks of gestation has a H\/0 prior still bih at 37 weeks. The best time of delivery for the patient this time is:","input":"Choices: ['Immediately', '37 weeks', '38 weeks', '39 weeks']","output":"39 weeks"} +{"instruction":"Cellular and flagellar movement is carried out by all of the following except","input":"Choices: ['Intermediate filaments', 'Actin', 'Tubulin', 'Myosin']","output":"Intermediate filaments"} +{"instruction":"False regarding notochord are","input":"Choices: ['Prenotochordal cells intercalates with hypoblast', 'Cranial end forms last', 'Neurenteric canal communicates amniotic & umbilical vesicle cavities', 'Extends from oropharyngeal membrane to primitive node']","output":"Cranial end forms last"} +{"instruction":"Most heat sensitive vaccine-","input":"Choices: ['BCG', 'TT', 'OPV', 'Small pox']","output":"OPV"} +{"instruction":"Seizures may be the presenting feature in all of the following, Except","input":"Choices: ['Cryptococcus meningitis', 'Toxoplasmosis', 'CMV', 'Entamoeba Histol ytica']","output":"Entamoeba Histol ytica"} +{"instruction":"In which type of glaucoma the coloured haloes are NOT seen:","input":"Choices: ['Phacomorphic glaucoma', 'Pigmentary glaucoma', 'Glaucoma of epidemic dropsy', 'Steroid induced glaucoma']","output":"Steroid induced glaucoma"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following drug is not used for prophylaxis of migraine?","input":"Choices: ['Topiramate', 'Propranolol', 'Flunarizine', 'Ethosuximide']","output":"Ethosuximide"} +{"instruction":"Fisch classification is used for?","input":"Choices: ['Paravertebral tumours', 'Glomus tumor', 'Synovial sarcomas', 'Retroperitoneal tumours']","output":"Glomus tumor"} +{"instruction":"Calorie test with warm and cold water stimulates which of the following structures?","input":"Choices: ['Saccule', 'Lateral semicircular canal', 'Superior semicircular canal', 'Posterior semicircular canal']","output":"Lateral semicircular canal"} +{"instruction":"Acid-fast oocysts are seen in-","input":"Choices: ['Cryptosporidium', 'Isospora', 'Cyctospora', 'All of the above']","output":"All of the above"} +{"instruction":"Post-menopausal female with biopsy report as endometrial hyperplasia with atypia. Next line of management is:","input":"Choices: ['Type 1 hysterectomy', 'Oral progestins', 'Mirena', 'Dilatation and curettage']","output":"Type 1 hysterectomy"} +{"instruction":"Normal QRS axis ?","input":"Choices: ['+30 to 110deg', '-30 to +110deg', '+110deg to +150deg', '-110deg to -150deg']","output":"-30 to +110deg"} +{"instruction":"A bicyclist suddenly applies brake and lands on his perineum on the cross bar of the bicycle on an attempt to urinate he develops marked swelling of scrotum. The structure most probably injured is","input":"Choices: ['Bladder', 'prostatic urethra', 'Spongy urethra', 'Membranous urethra']","output":"Spongy urethra"} +{"instruction":"Abrupt ,drastic change in influenza is due to -","input":"Choices: ['Antigenic shift', 'Antigenic drift', 'Exaltation', 'Virulence']","output":"Antigenic shift"} +{"instruction":"Which is not a feature of inevitable abortion","input":"Choices: ['Bleeding PV', 'Pain', 'Closed internal os', 'None of the above']","output":"Closed internal os"} +{"instruction":"Timolol is contraindicated in:","input":"Choices: ['Hypertension', 'Glaucoma', 'COPD', 'Aphakia']","output":"COPD"} +{"instruction":"Conversion of fat to glucose is","input":"Choices: ['Glycolysis', \"Kreb's cycle\", 'Gluconeogenesis', 'Saponification']","output":"Gluconeogenesis"} +{"instruction":"The ideal place to record body temperature in dead body is -","input":"Choices: ['Rectum', 'Axilla', 'Mouth', 'Groin']","output":"Rectum"} +{"instruction":"Shrinking lung\/ kidney is seen in: March 2012","input":"Choices: ['Scleroderma', 'Rheumatoid ahritis', 'SLE', 'Dermatomyositis']","output":"SLE"} +{"instruction":"Position of mid-inguinal point is","input":"Choices: ['Mid point of Anterior Superior Iliac Spine (ASIS) and pubic tubercle', 'Mid point of ASIS and public symphasis', 'Mid point of both ASIS', 'Mid point of inguinal ligament']","output":"Mid point of ASIS and public symphasis"} +{"instruction":"All are congenital myopathies EXCEPT :","input":"Choices: ['Centralcore myopathy', 'Nemaline myopathy', 'Z band myopathy', 'Centronuclear myopathy']","output":"Z band myopathy"} +{"instruction":"Which one of the following tests will you adopt while examining a knee joint where you suspect an old tear of anterior cruciate ligament?","input":"Choices: ['Mc Murray test', 'Pivot shift test', 'Lachman test', 'Posterior drawer test']","output":"Lachman test"} +{"instruction":"Function of floccunodular lobe of cerebellum is: March 2008","input":"Choices: ['Co-ordination of movements', 'Equilibrium', 'Chemoreception', 'Planning of movements']","output":"Equilibrium"} +{"instruction":"In PCR","input":"Choices: ['Thermostable enzyme is needed', \"211 copies formed after 'n' members of multiple\", 'Non specific', 'Thermolabile enzyme']","output":"Thermostable enzyme is needed"} +{"instruction":"Thyroid hormone acts through receptors present on","input":"Choices: ['Cell membrane', 'Cytoplasmic membrane', 'Nuclear membrane', 'DNA']","output":"Nuclear membrane"} +{"instruction":"Aery palpable at the anterior border of masseter is....aery:","input":"Choices: ['Superficial temporal', 'Facial', 'Lingual', 'Maxillary']","output":"Facial"} +{"instruction":"L.D. bodies are seen in:","input":"Choices: ['Kalahazar', 'Toxoplasmosis', 'Malaria', 'Sleeping sickness']","output":"Kalahazar"} +{"instruction":"The loading dose of Aminophylline is-","input":"Choices: ['50-75 mg\/kg', '0.5-1.0 mg\/kg', '2.0-3.5 mg\/kg', '5-6 mg\/kg']","output":"5-6 mg\/kg"} +{"instruction":"Fish tailing of margins in stab wound is seen with?","input":"Choices: ['Single edged knife', 'Double edged knife', 'Bayonet', 'None']","output":"Single edged knife"} +{"instruction":"who disregarded the theory of consious, preconsious and unconsious","input":"Choices: ['freud', 'bleuler', 'seligman', 'erikson']","output":"freud"} +{"instruction":"Gracey curette No. 11-12 are used for","input":"Choices: ['Anterior teeth', 'Posterior teeth mesial', 'Posterior teeth distal', 'Posterior teeth facial and lingual']","output":"Posterior teeth mesial"} +{"instruction":"Indication for circumcision in children:","input":"Choices: ['Phimosis', 'Non-retractable prepuce in a 3 month old baby', 'Noctural enuresis', 'Severe diaper rash']","output":"Phimosis"} +{"instruction":"Neonatal complications of the fetus in a diabetic include all the following except :","input":"Choices: ['Hypoglycemia', 'Polycythemia', 'Hypocalcemia', 'Omphalitis']","output":"Omphalitis"} +{"instruction":"A most serious complication of measles is-","input":"Choices: ['Koplik spots', 'Parotitis', 'Meningoencephalitis', 'Nephritis']","output":"Meningoencephalitis"} +{"instruction":"A patient has been allegedly bitten by cobra snake. The venom in such a bite would be-","input":"Choices: ['Musculotoxic', 'Vasculotoxic', 'Cardiotoxic', 'Neurotoxic']","output":"Neurotoxic"} +{"instruction":"Skin test are used for which hypersensitivity reactions?","input":"Choices: ['I', 'II', 'III', 'IV']","output":"I"} +{"instruction":"True statement regarding 'prone position' ventilation in a polytrauma patient with ARDS:","input":"Choices: ['Should be tried for 6 -8 hours', 'Current evidence shows no improvement in outcome', 'Suited for patients with high PaO2\/FiO2 ratio only', 'Definite improvement in PaO2']","output":"Should be tried for 6 -8 hours"} +{"instruction":"All are true about nasolabial cyst Except:","input":"Choices: ['Arises from odontoid epithelium', 'Presents subrnucosally in anterior nasal floor', 'Bilateral', 'Usually seen in adults']","output":"Arises from odontoid epithelium"} +{"instruction":"Phossy jaw is seen in chronic","input":"Choices: ['Sulphur poisoning', 'Chlorine poisoning', 'Fluirine poisoning', 'Phosphorus poisoning']","output":"Phosphorus poisoning"} +{"instruction":"The earliest sign of syncope is","input":"Choices: ['Pallor', 'Constriction of pupil', 'Dilation of pupil', 'Bradycardia']","output":"Pallor"} +{"instruction":"EITor vibrio may be differentiated from classical vibrio by fact that EITor vibrio -","input":"Choices: ['Agglutinate chicken and sheep erythrocytess', 'Resistant to classical phage IV', 'Resistant to polymyxin B-5 unit disc', 'All of the above']","output":"All of the above"} +{"instruction":"Old contamination of water is indicated by","input":"Choices: ['Nitrites', 'Nitrates', 'Ammonia', 'Chlorides']","output":"Nitrates"} +{"instruction":"The scatter plot is used to display","input":"Choices: ['Causality', 'Correlation', 'Power', 'Type II error']","output":"Correlation"} +{"instruction":"A 20-year old male presents with severe headache, vomiting and altered sensorium of 2 days duration. Which of the following disease will not be considered in the differential diagnosis ?","input":"Choices: ['Acute viral encephalitis', 'Subarachnoid hemorrhage', 'Migraine', 'Cortical venous thrombosis']","output":"Migraine"} +{"instruction":"Most common cause of singer's nodule is ?","input":"Choices: ['Infection', 'Allergy', 'Vocal abuse', 'None']","output":"Vocal abuse"} +{"instruction":"The percutaneous PAIR therapy used in the treatment of uncomplicated hepatic hydatid cyst can be associated with the following complications, Except","input":"Choices: ['Uicaria', 'Anaphylaxis', 'Hypotension', 'Vomiting']","output":"Uicaria"} +{"instruction":"Compression of a nerve within the carpal tunnel produces inability to -","input":"Choices: ['Abduct the thumb', 'Adduct the thumb', 'Flex the distal phalanx of the thumb', 'Oppose the thumb']","output":"Oppose the thumb"} +{"instruction":"Ketone bodies are synthesized","input":"Choices: ['Cytosol', 'ER', 'Miochondria', 'Peroxisomes']","output":"Miochondria"} +{"instruction":"Not an example of substrate level phosphorylation","input":"Choices: ['Phosphofructokinase', 'Succinyl thiokinase', 'Pyruvate kinase', 'Phosphoglyccerate kinase']","output":"Phosphofructokinase"} +{"instruction":"Treatment of choice in hairy cell leukemia is -","input":"Choices: ['Steroids', 'Cladiribine', 'Splenectomy', 'Pentostatin']","output":"Cladiribine"} +{"instruction":"Ulcers in Diabetes precipitated by all except","input":"Choices: ['Trophic ulcers', 'Neuropathy', 'Microangiopathic changes in blood vessels', 'Macroangiopathy']","output":"Microangiopathic changes in blood vessels"} +{"instruction":"In modern obstetrics, the internal podalic version is indicated in presence of: March 2013","input":"Choices: ['Cord prolapse with live baby', 'Transverse lie with obstructed labor', 'Transverse lie of 2nd twin baby', 'Extended breech presentation']","output":"Transverse lie of 2nd twin baby"} +{"instruction":"Aganglionic segment is encountered in which pa of colon in case of Hirschsprung disease ?","input":"Choices: ['Distal to dilated segment', 'In Whole colon', 'Proximal to dilated segment', 'In the dilated segment']","output":"Distal to dilated segment"} +{"instruction":"All are true about Ganser's syndrome except","input":"Choices: ['Approximate answer', 'Apparent clouding of consciousness', 'Only found in prisoners', 'Hallucinations']","output":"Only found in prisoners"} +{"instruction":"Introduction of DNA with the help of electricity is","input":"Choices: ['Electrotransfer', 'Electroporation', 'Eelectrofusion', 'Electrolysis']","output":"Electroporation"} +{"instruction":"Hypersensitivity angiitis is seen in?","input":"Choices: ['SLE', 'Polyarteritis Nodosa', \"Buerger's disease\", 'Henoch Schonlein purpura']","output":"Henoch Schonlein purpura"} +{"instruction":"Lineweaver-Burk plot represents which of the following?","input":"Choices: ['Oxygen dissociation', 'CO diffusion', 'Enzyme kinetics', 'Logarithmic index of DNA replication']","output":"Enzyme kinetics"} +{"instruction":"Griffith typing is done for","input":"Choices: ['Staphylococcus', 'Streptococcus', 'Meningococcus', 'Gonococcus']","output":"Streptococcus"} +{"instruction":"One of the following is a reversible cause of dementia :","input":"Choices: ['Toxic dementia', \"Alzheimer's ds.\", 'Multi - infarct dementia', 'Pick ds']","output":"Toxic dementia"} +{"instruction":"All are causes of sensorineural deafness except","input":"Choices: ['Old age', 'Acoustic neuroma', 'Ototoxic drugs', 'Rupture of tympanic membrane']","output":"Rupture of tympanic membrane"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following bacteria act by increasing cAMP","input":"Choices: ['Staphylococcus aureus', 'E. coli heat stable toxin', 'Vibrio cholera', 'Salmonella']","output":"Vibrio cholera"} +{"instruction":"\"Meralgia paresthetica\" involves:","input":"Choices: ['Lateral cutaneous nerve of thigh.', 'Medial cutaneous nerve of thigh.', 'Genitofemoral nerve', 'Common femoral nerve']","output":"Lateral cutaneous nerve of thigh."} +{"instruction":"Hyperacute graft rejection occurs after how much time?","input":"Choices: ['12 hours', '2 weeks', '1 month', '3 months']","output":"12 hours"} +{"instruction":"True about transitional cell Ca of urinary bladder","input":"Choices: ['Smoking predisposes', 'Schistosoma infection predisposes', 'Aniline dye workers', 'All']","output":"All"} +{"instruction":"Which artery is involved in dysphagia lusoria","input":"Choices: ['Abnormal right subclavian artery', 'Abnormal right thyroid artery', 'Abnormal right internal carotid artery', 'Abnormal left subclavian artery']","output":"Abnormal right subclavian artery"} +{"instruction":"The following are true regarding poison except:","input":"Choices: ['Used for producing pseudobruise', 'No specific antidote available', 'Active principle is Aconitine', 'Produces intense gastroenteritis']","output":"Active principle is Aconitine"} +{"instruction":"All of the following are given global prominence in the VISION 2020 goals, except -","input":"Choices: ['Refractive errors', 'Cataract', 'Trachoma', 'Glaucoma']","output":"Glaucoma"} +{"instruction":"Treatment of benign tumor of parotid is-","input":"Choices: ['Enucleation', 'Superficial parotidectomy', 'Radiofrequency ablation', 'Radical parotidectomy']","output":"Superficial parotidectomy"} +{"instruction":"Rotameters","input":"Choices: ['Depend on laminar low for their accuracy', 'Will only function when upright', 'Are constant pressure drop-constant orifice devices', 'Are not accurate below 1L\/min']","output":"Will only function when upright"} +{"instruction":"Golgi receptors","input":"Choices: ['Inhibited by stretching of muscle', 'Stimulated by stretching of muscle', 'Both', 'None']","output":"Stimulated by stretching of muscle"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is true regarding RU 486?","input":"Choices: ['Prevents feilization', 'Has affinity for estrogen receptors', 'Single dose of 10mg prevents pregnancy in 90% cases', 'Causes delayed menstruation']","output":"Causes delayed menstruation"} +{"instruction":"Body after postmoem is handed over to: NIMHANS 14","input":"Choices: ['Police constable', 'Relatives', 'Preserved in mouary', 'Magistrate']","output":"Police constable"} +{"instruction":"Primary ossification centre of all bones of lower limb forms by","input":"Choices: ['8 weeks', '10 weeks', '12 weeks', '14 weeks']","output":"12 weeks"} +{"instruction":"A 9-year-old boy presents with a migratory rash with central clearing on the back of his neck. The child had recently been on vacation with his family in Oregon and had gone hiking. The child's pediatrician observes the rash and suspects an infection with B. burgdorferi. Which of the following is thought to be a virulence factor of this organism","input":"Choices: ['Intracellular growth in leukocytes', 'Expression of outer surface proteins', 'Localization in reticuloendothelial cells', 'Endotoxin release']","output":"Expression of outer surface proteins"} +{"instruction":"Most sensitive test for metastatic deposit is:","input":"Choices: ['Isotope scan', 'CT scan', 'Skeletal survey', 'Tomography']","output":"Isotope scan"} +{"instruction":"Cellular junctions present in cardiac muscle are all except","input":"Choices: ['Zonula occludens', 'Fascia adherens', 'Gap junctions', 'Macula adherens']","output":"Zonula occludens"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following drug is serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor?","input":"Choices: ['Venlafaxine', 'Amphetamine', 'Doxepin', 'Miazapine']","output":"Venlafaxine"} +{"instruction":"Epithelial lining of lingual surface of epiglottis is:","input":"Choices: ['Epithelial lining of lingual surface of epiglottis is:', 'Simple Cuboidal', 'Pseudostratified ciliated columnar', 'Stratified squamous epithelium']","output":"Stratified squamous epithelium"} +{"instruction":"Which one of these anti hypertensives is contraindicated in pregnancy?","input":"Choices: ['Hydralazine', 'α-Methyldopa', 'Nifedipine', 'Enalapril']","output":"Enalapril"} +{"instruction":"A 38-year-old man presented with episodes of severe headache. CNS imaging shows evidence of coical sinus venous thrombosis (CSVT). His mother has history of spontaneous recurrent DVT of bilateral lower limbs. Which of the following testing is the least likely to be indicated in this patient?","input":"Choices: ['Antiphospholipid antibodies', 'Factor V Leiden mutation', 'Plasma homocysteine level', 'Plasma antithrombin level']","output":"Antiphospholipid antibodies"} +{"instruction":"Homonymous hemianopia type of visual Held defect is seen in all except -","input":"Choices: ['Lateral geniculate body', 'Total optic radiation', 'Optic tract', 'Optic chaisma']","output":"Optic chaisma"} +{"instruction":"A 14-year-old boy presents for a pre-summer camp physical examination. Routine urinalysis discloses 3+ glucosuria. He admits to thirst and frequent urination, accompanied by a 4-kg (9-lb) weight loss over past few months. His parents note that he had a flu-like illness 5 months ago. His blood glucose is 220 mg\/dL. Which of the following best explains the pathogenesis of hyperglycemia in this patient?","input":"Choices: ['Excess dietary glucose', 'Increased peripheral insulin uptake', 'Irregular insulin secretion', 'Islet cell destruction']","output":"Islet cell destruction"} +{"instruction":"Regula vein, aery and nerve (\"VAN\") arrangement","input":"Choices: ['First intercostal space', 'Second intercostal space', 'Third intercostal space', 'Eleventh intercostal space']","output":"First intercostal space"} +{"instruction":"\"Goitre is prevalent in high altitudes\"- is an example of:","input":"Choices: ['Direct association', 'Temporal association', 'Indirect association', 'Spurious association']","output":"Indirect association"} +{"instruction":"All are congenital myopathies except","input":"Choices: ['Central core myopathy', 'Nemaline myopathy', 'Z band myopathy', 'Centronuclear myopathy']","output":"Z band myopathy"} +{"instruction":"Which among the following is the last tributary of the azygos vein?","input":"Choices: ['Right-superior intercostal vein', 'Hemi-azygos vein', 'Right bronchial vein', 'Accessory azygos vein']","output":"Right bronchial vein"} +{"instruction":"The most impoant drug in the psychosis is","input":"Choices: ['Thiopentone', 'Thioridazine', 'Theophylline', 'Thiocolchiside']","output":"Thioridazine"} +{"instruction":"19 year male develops painless penile ulcers 9 days after sexual intercourse with a professional sex worker likely dignosis is","input":"Choices: ['Chancroid', 'Herpes', 'Chancre', 'Traumatic ulcer']","output":"Chancre"} +{"instruction":"Protein glycosylation occurs in","input":"Choices: ['ER', 'Golgi bodies', 'Mitochondria', 'Peroxisomes']","output":"Golgi bodies"} +{"instruction":"Ascending aoa Involvement is the commonest site of which aneuryam","input":"Choices: ['Syphilitic', 'Atherosclerotic', 'Mycotic', 'None of the above']","output":"Syphilitic"} +{"instruction":"Following are the laboratory' tests for the diagnosis of vestibular dysfunction except -","input":"Choices: ['Electronystagmography', 'Optokinetic test', 'Galvanic test', \"Gelle's test\"]","output":"Gelle's test"} +{"instruction":"Marker for intrinsic pathway is:","input":"Choices: ['Prothrombin Time (PT)', 'Bleeding time (BT)', 'Clotting time (CT)', 'Activated paial thromboplastin time (aPTT)']","output":"Activated paial thromboplastin time (aPTT)"} +{"instruction":"Endothelium activation refers to -","input":"Choices: ['Aberration of anatomy of vessel wall', 'Irreversible changes in functional state of vessel wall', 'Smooth muscle proliferation', 'Increased expression of adhesion molecules for leukocyte recruitment']","output":"Increased expression of adhesion molecules for leukocyte recruitment"} +{"instruction":"CAP in Lac operon is an example of:","input":"Choices: ['Positive regulator', 'Negative regulator', 'Constitutive expression', 'Attenuation']","output":"Positive regulator"} +{"instruction":"Acute onset of a cough, stridor and dyspnea in a child is mostly due to –","input":"Choices: ['Foreign body', 'Acute Asthma', 'Aspiration pneumonitis', 'Primary complex']","output":"Foreign body"} +{"instruction":"One intern calculated the concentration of 02 in blood as 0.0025 ml\/m1 of blood. Considering atmospheric pressure as 760mmHg, how much approx. 02 tension could have been in the blood ?","input":"Choices: ['40mmHg', '60mmHg', '80mmHg', '100mmHg']","output":"80mmHg"} +{"instruction":"Lens sutures are formed in","input":"Choices: ['Foetal nucleus', 'Embryonic nucleus', 'Infantile nucleus', 'Adult nucleus']","output":"Foetal nucleus"} +{"instruction":"Herniation of midgut during embryogenesis persists until","input":"Choices: ['6 weeks', '10 weeks', '16 weeks', '20 weeks']","output":"10 weeks"} +{"instruction":"Flap commonly used in breast reconstruction is-","input":"Choices: ['Serratus anterior', 'TRAM', 'Flap from arm', 'Delto pectoral flap']","output":"TRAM"} +{"instruction":"Mortality for AIDS-","input":"Choices: ['50%', '90%', '90%', '100%']","output":"100%"} +{"instruction":"All are defences against medical negligence except","input":"Choices: ['Calculated risk doctrine', 'Contributary negligence', 'Vicarious liability', 'Loco parentis']","output":"Loco parentis"} +{"instruction":"A male patient presented with winging of scapula following a trauma. Nerve involved in this lesion is:","input":"Choices: ['Nerve supplying serratus anterior', 'Pectoral nerve', 'Subscapular nerve', 'Ulnar nerve']","output":"Nerve supplying serratus anterior"} +{"instruction":"Macrosomia is -","input":"Choices: ['Large size baby', 'Big mouth', 'Large head', 'Large tongue']","output":"Large size baby"} +{"instruction":"Adductor canal lies beneath the -","input":"Choices: ['Adductor longus', 'Adductor magnus', 'Sartorius', 'Vastus medialis']","output":"Sartorius"} +{"instruction":"Pathogenic feature of malignant hypeension is","input":"Choices: ['Fibrinoid necrosis', 'Papillary necrosis', 'Hard exudate', 'All']","output":"Fibrinoid necrosis"} +{"instruction":"A pilot in Sukhoi aircraft is experiencing negative G Which of the following physiological events will manifest in such situation?","input":"Choices: ['The hydrostatic pressure in veins of lower limb increases', 'The cardiac output decreases', 'Black out occurs', 'The cerebral aerial pressure rises']","output":"The cerebral aerial pressure rises"} +{"instruction":"What type of hypersensitivity reaction is seen in myasthenia gravis?","input":"Choices: ['Type 1 hypersensitivty reaction', 'Type 2 hypersensitivty reaction', 'Type 3 hypersensitivty reaction', 'Type 4 hypersensitivty reaction']","output":"Type 2 hypersensitivty reaction"} +{"instruction":"All are contents of femoral triangle except","input":"Choices: ['Femoral aery', 'Femoral vein', 'Superficial inguinal lymph nodes', 'Nerve to pectineus']","output":"Superficial inguinal lymph nodes"} +{"instruction":"Osmotic fragility of RBCs are increased in:","input":"Choices: ['Hereditary Spherocytosis', 'Sickle cell anemia', 'Thalessemia', 'PNH']","output":"Hereditary Spherocytosis"} +{"instruction":"Which drug should be avoided in the management of traumatic hyphema in a dark race individual?","input":"Choices: ['Timolol', 'Acetazolamide', 'Atropine', 'Steroids']","output":"Acetazolamide"} +{"instruction":"The commonest organism causing cellulitis is :","input":"Choices: ['Streptococcus pyogenses.', 'Streptococcus faecalis.', 'Streptococcus viridans.', 'Microraerophilic streptococci.']","output":"Streptococcus pyogenses."} +{"instruction":"Secondary cementum is generally confined to:","input":"Choices: ['Cervical third of the root', 'Middle third of the root', 'Apical third of the root No', 'secondary cementum forms']","output":"Apical third of the root No"} +{"instruction":"All of the following are associated with increased aging, except -","input":"Choices: ['Increased cross linkages in collegen', 'Increased superoxide dismutase', 'Increased accumulation of free radicals', 'Accumulated mutation in somatic cells']","output":"Increased superoxide dismutase"} +{"instruction":"A child is brought to you with history of mental retardation. On examination you find that he also has dolichocephaly, low set ears, micrognathia, clenched hands with overlapping fingers, simian crease and rocker bottom feet. Which is the commonest cardiac lesion you would expect to find in this patient?","input":"Choices: ['ASD', 'VSD', 'PDA', 'Pulmonary stenosis']","output":"VSD"} +{"instruction":"Steroids are indicated in all of the following conditions except","input":"Choices: ['oedema following extractions', 'oral ulcers in AIDS patients', 'TMJ arthritis', 'Angioneurotic oedema']","output":"oral ulcers in AIDS patients"} +{"instruction":"Which statement(s) is\/are true about neuroblastoma with respect to wilms tumor –","input":"Choices: ['Neuroblastoma causes displacement of kidney inferolaterally without distortion of collecting system', 'Aortic and IVC invasion by neuroblastoma', 'Neuroblastoma crossing mid line', 'All of these']","output":"All of these"} +{"instruction":"Cervical cerclage is offered to pregnant women with prior history of preterm bih if cervical length is less than","input":"Choices: ['25mm', '30mm', '35mm', '40mm']","output":"25mm"} +{"instruction":"Diabetic patient with liver cirrhosis and hyperpigmentation, diagnosis is","input":"Choices: [\"Wilson's disease\", 'Hemochromatosis', 'Primary sclerosing cholangitis', 'Hepatitis B']","output":"Hemochromatosis"} +{"instruction":"Valvulae conniventes are seen in","input":"Choices: ['Jejunum', 'Ileum', 'Stomach', 'Colon']","output":"Jejunum"} +{"instruction":"Rate limiting step in HMP shunt ?","input":"Choices: ['Glucose-6-phosphate - 6-phosphogluconolactone', '6-phosphogluconolactone - 6-phosphogluconate', '6-phosphogluconate - Ribulose-5-phosphate', 'Ribulose-5-phosphate - Xylulose-5-phosphate']","output":"Glucose-6-phosphate - 6-phosphogluconolactone"} +{"instruction":"Length of naso lacrimal duct is","input":"Choices: ['9 mm', '10 mm', '11 mm', '12 mm']","output":"12 mm"} +{"instruction":"MC complication following hemorrhoidectomy is:March 2013 (h)","input":"Choices: ['Hemorrhage', 'Infection', 'Fecal impaction', 'Urinary retention']","output":"Urinary retention"} +{"instruction":"The most common cause of lower motor neuron facial palsy is -","input":"Choices: ['Cholesteatoma', 'Cerebello-pontine angle tumors', \"Bell's palsy\", 'Postoperative (ear surgery)']","output":"Bell's palsy"} +{"instruction":"Chances of multiple sclerosis are maximum if","input":"Choices: ['Mother has the disease', 'Father has the disease', 'Mother is carrier', 'Father is carrier']","output":"Mother has the disease"} +{"instruction":"Most important factor for the success of IPC:","input":"Choices: ['Adequate seal', 'Type of material.', 'Patient cooperation.', 'All of the above.']","output":"Adequate seal"} +{"instruction":"A child has tnicrocephaly, blue eyes, Fair skin, and Mental retardation, Ferric chloride test is positive.What is the likely diagnosis -","input":"Choices: ['Phenylketonuria (PKU)', 'Homocystinuria', 'Tyrosinosis', 'Alkaptonuria']","output":"Phenylketonuria (PKU)"} +{"instruction":"Ig active in type 1 hypersensitivity.","input":"Choices: ['A', 'E', 'D', 'G']","output":"E"} +{"instruction":"True about fetal circulation-","input":"Choices: ['Blood in SVC has more oxygen saturation', 'Pressure in left ventricle is more', 'Brain receives blood with low oxygen saturation', 'Hea receives blood with high oxygen saturation']","output":"Hea receives blood with high oxygen saturation"} +{"instruction":"Most common complication of acute pancreatitis is:","input":"Choices: ['Pancreatic abscess', 'Pseudocyst', 'Phlegmon', 'Pleural effusion']","output":"Pseudocyst"} +{"instruction":"After an injury to an axon, the subsequent degeneration of all axonal fibres distal to the injury, all fibres proximal to the injury are unaffected, this type of degeneration is known as:","input":"Choices: ['Retrograde degeneration.', 'Wallerian degeneration.', 'Transneuronal degeneration.', 'None']","output":"Wallerian degeneration."} +{"instruction":"Chandlers Index is used in epidemiological studies of:","input":"Choices: ['Round worm', 'Hook worm', 'Guinea worm', 'Sand fly']","output":"Hook worm"} +{"instruction":"The most impoant function of Major Intrinsic Protein 26 (MIP-26) is:","input":"Choices: ['Diffusion barrier', 'Capsule of lens', 'Glucose transpo in lens', 'Transpo of water in lens']","output":"Transpo of water in lens"} +{"instruction":"A local restaurant was the focus of a botulism outbreak.\nThe state epidemiologist most likely used which format to determine the cause of the disease?","input":"Choices: ['Cross sectional study', 'Prospective study', 'Retrospective study', 'Case–control study']","output":"Retrospective study"} +{"instruction":"True about obstructive lung disease is -","input":"Choices: ['Decreased FEV1 and FEV1\/FVC', 'FEV1\/FVC normal or increased', 'Decreases RV', 'Decrease total lung capacity']","output":"Decreased FEV1 and FEV1\/FVC"} +{"instruction":"True about pulmonary sarcoidosis","input":"Choices: ['Schauman & asteroid bodies are pathognomic finding', 'CD4\/CD8<2.5 in BAL', 'Non caseating granuloma', 'none']","output":"Non caseating granuloma"} +{"instruction":"Radiological hallmark of primary tuberculosis in childhood is?","input":"Choices: [\"Ghon's focus\", 'Normal chest Xray', 'Lymphadenopathy', 'Pleural effusion']","output":"Lymphadenopathy"} +{"instruction":"A 31 year old HIV-positive man develops a severe pneumonia. Lower respiratory tract secretions obtained by fiberoptic bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage and stained with methenamine silver stain demonstrate cup-shaped cysts with sharply outlined walls. Which of the following organisms is the most likely pathogen in this case?","input":"Choices: ['Candida albicans', 'Giardia lamblia', 'Haemophilus influenzae', 'Pneumocystis carinii']","output":"Pneumocystis carinii"} +{"instruction":"Virchows method of organ removal is","input":"Choices: ['Organs removed en masse', 'Organs removed one by one', 'In situ removal', 'Minimal invasive autopsy']","output":"Organs removed one by one"} +{"instruction":"The type of load on teeth that is most destructive to the periodontium is:","input":"Choices: ['Vertical', 'Oblique', 'Horizontal', 'Apical']","output":"Horizontal"} +{"instruction":"Epimer of glucose is","input":"Choices: ['Fructose', 'Galactose', 'Glyceraldehyde', 'None']","output":"Galactose"} +{"instruction":"True about internal ear anatomy","input":"Choices: ['Three semicircular canals here 6 openings into the vestibule', 'The angle between anterior & posterior SCC is 180deg', 'Vestible is the central chamber', 'Spiral canal makes 2 turns']","output":"Vestible is the central chamber"} +{"instruction":"The histological features of coeliac disease include all of the following, except :","input":"Choices: ['Crypt hyperplasia', 'Increase in thickness of the mucosa', 'Increase in intraepithelial lymphocytes', 'Increase in inflammatory cells in lamina propyria']","output":"Increase in thickness of the mucosa"} +{"instruction":"A 6 months old infant had itchy erythematous papules and exudative lesions on the scalp, face, groin and axillae for one month. She also had vesicular lesions on the palms. What is the most likely diagnosis","input":"Choices: ['Psoriasis', 'Scabies', 'Congenital syphilis', 'Seborrheic dermatitis']","output":"Scabies"} +{"instruction":"A 3-month-old infant presents with hepatosplenomegaly and failure to thrive. A liver biopsy reveals glycogen with an abnormal, amylopectin like structure with long outer chains and missing branches. Which of the following enzymes would most likely be deficient:","input":"Choices: ['Alpha amylase', 'Branching enzyme', 'Debranching enzyme', 'Glucose-6-phosphatase']","output":"Branching enzyme"} +{"instruction":"The following angiotensin conveing enzyme inhibi tor can reduce cardiac contractility","input":"Choices: ['Captopril', 'Lisinopril', 'Enalapril', 'Perindopril']","output":"Lisinopril"} +{"instruction":"The term \"balanced anaesthesia\" has been given by","input":"Choices: ['Simpson', 'Fischer', 'Lundy', 'Moan']","output":"Lundy"} +{"instruction":"Vertical transmission is seen with which type of Hepatitis ?","input":"Choices: ['Hepatitis A', 'Hepatitis B', 'Hepatitis E', 'Hepatitis C']","output":"Hepatitis B"} +{"instruction":"Regarding wound healing which is not true?","input":"Choices: ['Impaired by radiation', 'Impaired by haematoma', 'Impaired by infection', 'Stimulated by steroids']","output":"Stimulated by steroids"} +{"instruction":"Factor IX is also called as:","input":"Choices: ['Stuart power factor', 'Christmas factor', 'Prothrombin', 'Fibrin factor']","output":"Christmas factor"} +{"instruction":"Ectopic pregnancy is most commonly associated with:","input":"Choices: ['Endometriosis', 'Congenital tubal anomalies', 'Tuberculosis', 'Tubal inflammatory diseases']","output":"Tubal inflammatory diseases"} +{"instruction":"Punett square is used for which of the following functions?","input":"Choices: ['Predict genotype of offspring', 'Statistical analysis', 'Test a hypothesis', 'Track family history and inheritance']","output":"Predict genotype of offspring"} +{"instruction":"Corporobasal index is useful for determination of:","input":"Choices: ['Race', 'Age', 'Stature', 'Sex']","output":"Sex"} +{"instruction":"The most common cause of preventable hospital death is","input":"Choices: ['Acute pulmonary embolism', 'Hea failure', 'Myocardial infraction', 'Cancer']","output":"Acute pulmonary embolism"} +{"instruction":"Tetracycline ointment for mass prophylaxis –","input":"Choices: ['0.10%', '0.50%', '1%', '5%']","output":"1%"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is not true about late onset Hemorrhagic disease of Newborn (HDN) ?","input":"Choices: ['Begins between 2-7 days of life', 'Intracranial hemorrhage is common', 'Biliary atresia can predispose', 'Warfarin therapy is associated']","output":"Begins between 2-7 days of life"} +{"instruction":"Declaration of Sydney is related to","input":"Choices: ['Time of death', 'Infliction of torture', 'Therapeutic abortion', 'Humanitarian goals of medicine']","output":"Time of death"} +{"instruction":"In facial palsy, food accumulated in the mouth dueto paralysis of-","input":"Choices: ['Masseter', 'Temporalis', 'Mentalis', 'Buccinator']","output":"Buccinator"} +{"instruction":"Following will cause CNS-vasculitis except ?","input":"Choices: ['SLE', 'Whipples disease', 'Granulomatous vasculitis', 'PAN']","output":"Whipples disease"} +{"instruction":"Retainer less matrix that can be used for all teeth (Retainer less matrix)","input":"Choices: ['Tofflemeir', 'Ivory No.1', 'Universal', 'Automatrix']","output":"Automatrix"} +{"instruction":"A 10 yr old boy complains of acute bloody diarrhea along with history of fever. The doctor on duty suspects it to be due to Shigella infection. what would be the Drug of choice for it?","input":"Choices: ['Pencillin', 'Doxycycline', 'Azithromycin', 'Ciprofloxacin']","output":"Ciprofloxacin"} +{"instruction":"A 23 year old lady presents with acute right sided lower abdominal pain since 4 hours. There is tenderness at McBurney's point. Which investigation is best suited to confirm the diagnosis of appendicitis -","input":"Choices: ['CT Scan', 'Palin Xray', 'Serum ESR', 'MRI Abdomen']","output":"CT Scan"} +{"instruction":"Tectal breaking is seen in:","input":"Choices: ['Dandy-walker malformation', 'Amold-chiari malformation', 'Aqueductal stenosis', 'Third ventricular tumor']","output":"Amold-chiari malformation"} +{"instruction":"BRCA-1 gene is located at what location of the chromosome?","input":"Choices: ['13p 12', '13q 12', '17p 21', '17q 21']","output":"17q 21"} +{"instruction":"Not an ideal amputation stump","input":"Choices: ['Non-Tender', 'Adherent', 'Healed', 'Non-bullous']","output":"Adherent"} +{"instruction":"Main drawback of Be in Ni-Cr alloys","input":"Choices: ['Health hazard', 'Increase flow of alloy', 'Reduce fusion temp', 'Refine grain bending']","output":"Health hazard"} +{"instruction":"An elderly woman was admitted with a fracture of the neck of right femur which failed to unite. On examination an avascular necrosis of the head of femur was noted. The condition would have resulted most probably from the damage to","input":"Choices: ['Superior gluteal aery', 'Inferior gluteal aery', 'Acetabular branch of obturator', 'Retinacular branches of circumflex femoral aeries']","output":"Retinacular branches of circumflex femoral aeries"} +{"instruction":"All of the following drugs are used in the management of acute Myocardial infarction except-","input":"Choices: ['Tissue plasminogen activator', 'Intravenous beta blockers', 'Acetylsalicylic acid', 'Calcium channel blockers']","output":"Calcium channel blockers"} +{"instruction":"True about structure of protein is","input":"Choices: ['SECONDARY structure is 3D', 'SECONDARY structure stabilized by disulfide bonds', 'secondary structure and teiary structure depends on amino acid', 'Primary,secondary,teiary structure is destroyed on heating']","output":"SECONDARY structure stabilized by disulfide bonds"} +{"instruction":"A patient came with abduction limitation of right eye and horizontal diplopia. Which nerve can possibly be paralyzed","input":"Choices: ['2nd Nerve', '3rd Nerve', '4th Nerve', '6th Nerve']","output":"6th Nerve"} +{"instruction":"Stratified squamous epithelium is seen at all the following sites EXCEPT:","input":"Choices: ['Skin', 'Vagina', 'Esophagus', 'Gall bladder']","output":"Gall bladder"} +{"instruction":"A 3 weeks male child born to a Primi mother, is presenting with noisy breathing sound. Child is afebrile, sleeping and feeding well and on clinical examination, he is normal. Management protocol include:","input":"Choices: ['Begin IV antibiotics', 'Reassure and give saline nasal drop', 'Give racemic epinephnne', 'Order for a chest X-ray']","output":"Reassure and give saline nasal drop"} +{"instruction":"Dental wear caused by tooth-to-tooth contact is","input":"Choices: ['Abrasion', 'Attrition', 'Erosion', 'Abfraction']","output":"Attrition"} +{"instruction":"Krabbes&; disease is due to deficiency of","input":"Choices: ['Sphingomyelinase', 'Beta galactocerebrosidase', 'Hexosaminidase', 'Arylsulfatase']","output":"Beta galactocerebrosidase"} +{"instruction":"Calcification of the interveebral disc is present in:","input":"Choices: ['Maple syrup urine disease', 'Homocystinuria', 'Ankylosing spondylitis', 'Achondroplasia']","output":"Ankylosing spondylitis"} +{"instruction":"Select the FALSE combination of chromosomal pattern and the syndrome:","input":"Choices: ['Mayer Rokitansky-46XY', \"Swyer's syndrome-46XY\", \"Turner's syndrome-45XO\", \"Klinefelter's syndrome-47XXY\"]","output":"Mayer Rokitansky-46XY"} +{"instruction":"Target for cure rate for multibacillary leprosy under programme Implementation plan for 12th plan period-","input":"Choices: ['> 85%', '> 80%', '>75%', '> 95%']","output":"> 95%"} +{"instruction":"Flutamide is used in CA ?","input":"Choices: ['Cervix', 'Prostate', 'Kidneys', 'Liver']","output":"Prostate"} +{"instruction":"Carborundum is chemically known as","input":"Choices: ['chromium carbide', 'nickel carbide', 'silicon carbide', 'aluminum carbide']","output":"silicon carbide"} +{"instruction":"Right side of mediastinum shadow is not formed by –","input":"Choices: ['Superior venacava', 'Right innominates', 'Right atrium', 'Right ventricle']","output":"Right ventricle"} +{"instruction":"Toxin associated with epidemic dropsy ?","input":"Choices: ['BOAA', 'Sanguinarine', 'Aflatoxin', 'Pyrrozolidine']","output":"Sanguinarine"} +{"instruction":"CURB - 65 score is used in pneumonia to assess","input":"Choices: ['Severity', 'Complication', 'Cause', 'Effect of treatment']","output":"Severity"} +{"instruction":"While bathing her newly received 2-year-old son, a foster mother feels a mass in his abdomen. A thorough medical evaluation of the child reveals aniridia, hypospadias, horseshoe kidney, and hemihypertrophy. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis for this child?","input":"Choices: ['Neuroblastoma', 'Wilms tumor', 'Hepatoblastoma', 'Rhabdomyosarcoma']","output":"Wilms tumor"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following should be done in case of unbounded amalgam restoration before application of copal varnish?","input":"Choices: ['Applied after removal of smear layer only', 'Smear layer left intact', 'Smear layer is modified', 'Dentin desensitiser is applied']","output":"Dentin desensitiser is applied"} +{"instruction":"Indications of prophylactic cholecystectomy are all except:-","input":"Choices: ['Diabetes', 'Hemoglobinopathy', 'Gallstones size > 3 cm', 'Porcelain GB']","output":"Diabetes"} +{"instruction":"Percutaneous nephrostomy in indicated in:","input":"Choices: ['Polycystic kidney disease', 'Solitary adenocarcinoma', 'Simple hydronephrosis', 'Pyonephrosis']","output":"Pyonephrosis"} +{"instruction":"In human being, the least useful physiological response to low environmental temperature is:","input":"Choices: ['Shivering', 'Vasoconstriction', 'Release of thyroxine', 'Piloerection']","output":"Piloerection"} +{"instruction":"True about decorticate rigidity -","input":"Choices: ['Removal of cerebral cortex and basal ganglia', 'Flexion of lower limbs & extension of upper limbs', 'Rigidity is less pronounced than decerebrate rigidity', 'None of the above']","output":"Rigidity is less pronounced than decerebrate rigidity"} +{"instruction":"Local Anaesthetic in wound\/ulcer management","input":"Choices: ['Prilocaine', 'Chlorprocaine', 'Benzocaine', 'Bupivacaine']","output":"Benzocaine"} +{"instruction":"Glanzmann disease is characterised by which of the following?","input":"Choices: ['Congenital defect of RBCs', 'Defect of neutrophils', 'Congenital defect of platelets', 'Clotting factor deficiency']","output":"Congenital defect of platelets"} +{"instruction":"The staining useful for antemoem diagnosis of rabies is -","input":"Choices: ['Seller', 'Macchiavillo', 'Giemsa', 'Fluorescent']","output":"Fluorescent"} +{"instruction":"Renal angle lies between:","input":"Choices: ['12th rib & lateral border of sacrospinalis', '11th rib & lateral border of sacrospinalis', '12th rib & lateral border of quadratus lumborum', '11th rib & lateral border of quadratus lumborum']","output":"12th rib & lateral border of sacrospinalis"} +{"instruction":"Genu valgus deformity seen when?","input":"Choices: ['Long axis of tibia n fibula moves medial to long axis of femur', 'Long axis of tibia n fibula moves lateral to the long axis of femur', 'Long axis of femur is posterior to tibia and fibula', 'Long axis of femur is anterior to tibia and fibula']","output":"Long axis of tibia n fibula moves lateral to the long axis of femur"} +{"instruction":"The commonest form of DNA variation is:","input":"Choices: ['Single nucleotide polymorphism', 'Copy Number Variations (CNVs)', 'Transposons', 'Mutations']","output":"Single nucleotide polymorphism"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following organisms would most likely be isolated from the vagina of a normal 5 year old girl?","input":"Choices: ['Candida', 'Lactobacillus', 'Neisseria', 'Staphylococcus']","output":"Staphylococcus"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is true with regard to day care anaesthesia","input":"Choices: ['ASA 2 patients are not suitable', 'Driving may be permitted within 24 hours', 'Starvation is not mandatory', 'Intubation is acceptable']","output":"Intubation is acceptable"} +{"instruction":"Under Insecticide Treated Bed Nets Programme, insecticide used is -","input":"Choices: ['Deltamethrin', 'Malathion', 'Lindone', 'Fenitrothion']","output":"Deltamethrin"} +{"instruction":"Most common complication of chronic pancreatitis?","input":"Choices: ['Ascitis', 'Pseudocyst', 'Splenic vein thrombosis', 'Pancreatic enteric fistula']","output":"Pseudocyst"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following process is involved in conversion of DNA to RNA:","input":"Choices: ['Conjugation', 'Transduction', 'Translocation', 'Transcription']","output":"Transcription"} +{"instruction":"A 65 year old male was diagnosed with prostate cancer three years back and was treated by surgery and hormone therapy. Presently he has developed urinary symptoms and progressive backache. What is the tumor marker, which can be indicative of disease relapse?","input":"Choices: ['CA 125', 'Beta-HCG', 'Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)', 'PSA']","output":"PSA"} +{"instruction":"Patients on isoniazid which vitamin deficiency is more likely to be seen.","input":"Choices: ['Vitamin B9', 'Vitamin B12', 'Vitamin B6', 'Vitamin B3']","output":"Vitamin B6"} +{"instruction":"The 10days rule is related to","input":"Choices: ['Sewage disposal', 'Air quality', 'Water quality', 'Radiation protection in pregnancy']","output":"Radiation protection in pregnancy"} +{"instruction":"An AIDS patient with clinical pneumonia has a bronchoalveolar lavage that demonstrates small, \"hat- shaped\" structures in alveoli that are about the size of an erythrocyte and stain with silver stains. The microorganism involved is most likely which of the following?","input":"Choices: ['Aspergillus fumigatus', 'Blastomyces dermatitidis', 'Mycobacterium avium', 'Pneumocystis carinii']","output":"Pneumocystis carinii"} +{"instruction":"All are indications for penile angiography except","input":"Choices: ['Painful priapism', \"Peyronie's disease\", 'Erectile dysfunction', 'Aerio-venous malformation']","output":"Painful priapism"} +{"instruction":"Hypersegmented neutrophils are seen in","input":"Choices: ['Thalassemia', 'Iron deficiency', 'Megaloblastic anemia', 'All']","output":"Megaloblastic anemia"} +{"instruction":"RGD Motifs does not include","input":"Choices: ['Arginine', 'Alanine', 'Glycine', 'Aspartate']","output":"Alanine"} +{"instruction":"Complications of total thyroidectomy include all except:","input":"Choices: ['Hoarseness', 'Airway obstruction', 'Hemorrhage', 'Hypercalcemia']","output":"Hypercalcemia"} +{"instruction":"Lamina densa of the basal lamina beneath the epithelium is composed of","input":"Choices: ['Type I Collagen', 'Type II Collagen', 'Type III Collagen', 'Type IV Collagen']","output":"Type IV Collagen"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is not a complication of infective endocarditis -","input":"Choices: ['Myocardial ring abscess', 'Suppurative pericarditis', 'Myocardial infarction', 'Focal and diffuse glomerulonephritis']","output":"Suppurative pericarditis"} +{"instruction":"All of the following statements about Hairy cell leukaemia are true except -","input":"Choices: ['Splenomegaly is conspicuous', 'Results from an expansion of neoplastic T lymphocytes', 'Cells are positive for Tartarate Resistant Acid phosphatase', 'The cells express CD25 consistently']","output":"Results from an expansion of neoplastic T lymphocytes"} +{"instruction":"Epiphora seen in all except:","input":"Choices: ['Lefort 2', 'Zygomatic complex fracture.', 'Lefort 3', 'Nasal complex fracture.']","output":"Zygomatic complex fracture."} +{"instruction":"A patient with chest pain was brought to the hospital. He was diagnosed to be a case of myocardial infarction and was administered a thrombolytic immediately. However, his cardiac condition worsened and he died. He was diagnosed to be suffering from \"cardiac reperfusion injury\". Which of the following is an expected histological finding in his cardiac tissue?","input":"Choices: ['Presence of coagulative necrosis with neutrophilic infiltration', 'Deposition of granulation tissue', 'Presence of contraction bands', 'Fibrosis and scar formation']","output":"Presence of contraction bands"} +{"instruction":"An 18-year-old girl presented with multiple nasal polypi in both nostrils with nasal obstruction and sinusitis. CT scan shows dense shadows in the sinuses. Histopathology did not show fungal invasion of tissues. All of the following treatments can be given except:","input":"Choices: ['Amphotericin B', 'Intranasal corticosteroids', 'Surgical removal', 'Anti-histaminic']","output":"Amphotericin B"} +{"instruction":"Frequency of 1st hea sound","input":"Choices: ['10-15 Hz', '20-25 Hz', '25-45 Hz', '50 Hz']","output":"25-45 Hz"} +{"instruction":"Water shed Infarct in brain","input":"Choices: ['Occurs in the proximal poion of main aeries', 'Occurs in the central poion of main aeries', 'Occurs in the terminal poion of main aeries', 'None']","output":"Occurs in the terminal poion of main aeries"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is a feature of adipocere?","input":"Choices: ['Rancid smelling wax like substance', 'Foul smelling oily liquid', 'Has no paicular smell', 'None of the above']","output":"Rancid smelling wax like substance"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following drug is used for the reversal of cerebral vasospasm and infract following subarachnoid hemorrhage","input":"Choices: ['Nimodipine', 'Amilodipine', 'Diltiazem', 'Verapamil']","output":"Nimodipine"} +{"instruction":"A 56 year old man with a history of hypertension complains of nausea, vomiting and unsteadiness for the past 2 days. He then develops left sided loss of facial pain and right sided sensory loss. On examination muscle tone and power is normal, with a normal mental status. There is scew deviation of the eyes,left eye ptosis, and titubation. He also has loss of pain and temperature sensation over right arm and leg and decreased joint position sensation in the left foot and is not able to walk. MRI of the patient might show the following","input":"Choices: ['Right lateral medullary infarction', 'Left lateral medullary infarction', 'Left medial medullary infarction', 'Right medial medullary infarction']","output":"Left lateral medullary infarction"} +{"instruction":"In normal occlusion, with which grooves \/ surface of the permanent mandibular first molar does the mesiobuccal cusp of the permanent maxillary first molar occlude:","input":"Choices: ['Distobuccal groove', 'Mesial surface', 'Mesiobuccal surface', 'Transverse groove']","output":"Mesiobuccal surface"} +{"instruction":"Muscle relaxant of choice in liver disease is","input":"Choices: ['Atracurium', 'Pipecuronium', 'Rocuronium', 'Vecuronium']","output":"Atracurium"} +{"instruction":"In a patient of acute inferior wall MI : best modality of rx is -","input":"Choices: ['IV fluids', 'Digoxin', 'Diuretics', 'Vasodilators']","output":"IV fluids"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is an anti-adult mosquito insecticide?","input":"Choices: ['Paris green', 'Mineral oil', 'Fenthion', 'DDT']","output":"DDT"} +{"instruction":"Incidence of diarrhoea in a community can be calculated by -","input":"Choices: ['Case control study', 'Cohort study', 'Cross sectional study', 'Double blind placebo control study']","output":"Cohort study"} +{"instruction":"Erythroderma % of skin involved is -","input":"Choices: ['>90%', '<30%', '30-60%', '60-70%']","output":">90%"} +{"instruction":"Intravenous anesthetic agent of choice in this below given procedure","input":"Choices: ['Thiopentone', 'Propofol', 'Etomidate', 'Methohexitone']","output":"Methohexitone"} +{"instruction":"Which is true about indirect inguinal hernia -","input":"Choices: ['It travels through both superficial and deep ingunal ring', 'It travels through deep ingunal ring only', 'It travels through superficial inguinal ring only', \"It occurs through Hesselbach's triangle\"]","output":"It travels through both superficial and deep ingunal ring"} +{"instruction":"Carboxylases requires","input":"Choices: ['Vitamin B12', 'Folic acid', 'Niacin', 'Biotin']","output":"Biotin"} +{"instruction":"Steroids act nuclear receptors which interact with DNA through","input":"Choices: ['Helix turn helix', 'Zinc finger motif', 'Histidine', 'Leucine zipper']","output":"Zinc finger motif"} +{"instruction":"Treatment of Rolandic epilepsy is","input":"Choices: ['Phenytoin', 'Lamotrigine', 'Carbamazepine', 'ACTH']","output":"Carbamazepine"} +{"instruction":"Zenker's diverticulum - all are false except: -","input":"Choices: ['True diverticulum', 'Lies in mid- esophagus', 'Treatment is by diverticulectomy', 'Senile change']","output":"Treatment is by diverticulectomy"} +{"instruction":"MIC-2 is a marker of?","input":"Choices: ['Ewing sarcoma', 'Chronic lymphocytic leukemia', 'Mantle cell lymphoma', 'All of these']","output":"Ewing sarcoma"} +{"instruction":"In CEAP clinical classification what does C-4b indicate","input":"Choices: ['Edema', 'Pigmentation or eczema', 'Healed venous ulcer', 'Lipodermatosclerosis or atrophie blanche']","output":"Lipodermatosclerosis or atrophie blanche"} +{"instruction":"The structures leaving the pelvis through the greater sciatic notch and entering via lesser notch are all except-","input":"Choices: ['Nerve to obturator internus', 'Internal pudendal vessels', 'Pudendal nerve', 'Nerve to quadratus femoris']","output":"Nerve to quadratus femoris"} +{"instruction":"Hydatid disease is caused by one of the following","input":"Choices: ['Taenia solium', 'Hymenolepis diminuta', 'Echinococcus granulosus', 'Dipylidium caninum']","output":"Echinococcus granulosus"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following stain is used for staining reticulocytes","input":"Choices: ['Brilliant cresyl blue', 'Sudan black', 'Warthin starry', 'Hemotoxylin-eosin stain']","output":"Brilliant cresyl blue"} +{"instruction":"All are components of Meig's syndrome, except:","input":"Choices: ['Pleural effusion', 'Ovarian tumour', 'Ascites', 'Pericardial effusion']","output":"Pericardial effusion"} +{"instruction":"Churg-strauss involves following except -","input":"Choices: ['Lungs', 'Kidenys', 'Small blood vessels', 'Heart']","output":"Heart"} +{"instruction":"The pharmacokinetics change occurring in geriatric patients is a decline in:","input":"Choices: ['Gastric absorption', 'Liver metabolism', 'renal clearance', 'Hypersensitivity']","output":"renal clearance"} +{"instruction":"A young motorcyclist falls on the grounds leads to Creek&;s in lands. Which of the following nerve severance leads to cause to death","input":"Choices: ['Hypoglossal nerve', 'Vagus nerve', 'Maxillary nerve', 'Accessory nerve']","output":"Vagus nerve"} +{"instruction":"Casal's paint necklace is caused by","input":"Choices: ['Pellagra', 'SLE', 'Lichen planus', 'Pernicious anemia']","output":"Pellagra"} +{"instruction":"A 12-year-old girl undergoes bone marrow transplant as pa of therapy for ALL. She subsequently presents with pulmonary complaints and neurologic findings. Lung biopsy reveals a granulomatous vasculitis with associated atypical lymphocytes. Clonality studies reveal a monoclonal B cell population with associated polyclonal T cells. What infectious agent is related to this diagnosis?","input":"Choices: ['CMV', 'EBV', 'HPV', 'HHV-8']","output":"EBV"} +{"instruction":"Brain abscess in cyanotic hea disease is commonly, located in","input":"Choices: ['Cerebellar hemisphere', 'Thalamus', 'Temporal lobe', 'Parietal lobe']","output":"Parietal lobe"} +{"instruction":"Drug of choice for diphtheria carrier is:","input":"Choices: ['Penicillin', 'Erythromycin', 'Procaine penicillin', 'Tetracycline']","output":"Erythromycin"} +{"instruction":"Which does not cause microvesicular steatosis","input":"Choices: ['Alcoholic fatty liver', 'Tetracycline toxicity', 'Acute fatty liver of pregnancy', 'Reyes syndrome']","output":"Alcoholic fatty liver"} +{"instruction":"Sudha ache 20 year old female developed antibiotic associated pseudomembranous colitis caused by Clostridium difficle. Which of the following drugs is most likely to be effective in the treatment of this disease","input":"Choices: ['Ampicillin', 'Clindamycin', 'Metronidazole', 'Chloramphenicol']","output":"Metronidazole"} +{"instruction":"Abdominal ultra-sonography in a 3 year old boy show a solid circumscribed hypoechnoic renal mass. Most likely diagnosis is -","input":"Choices: [\"Wilm's tumor\", 'Renal cell carcinoma', 'Mesoblastic nephroma', 'Oncocytoma']","output":"Wilm's tumor"} +{"instruction":"Impacted wisdom teeth may produce referred pain","input":"Choices: ['Lingual nerve', 'Facial nerve', 'Branch of the auriculo temporal nerve', 'None of the above']","output":"Branch of the auriculo temporal nerve"} +{"instruction":"Fascia of Denonvilliers lies between","input":"Choices: ['Vagina and rectum', 'Vagina and urinary bladder', 'Prostate and rectum', 'None of the above']","output":"Prostate and rectum"} +{"instruction":"A 22 year old college going adult has H\/o sexual exposure with commercial sex worker, now presenting with painful genital lesions and lymphadenopathy in right inguinal region. What is the diagnosis?","input":"Choices: ['Syphilis', 'Chancroid', 'LGV', 'Gonorrhea']","output":"Chancroid"} +{"instruction":"Fenestrations are seen in:","input":"Choices: ['Endothelium', 'Internal elastic lamina', 'External elastic lamina', 'Tunica media']","output":"Endothelium"} +{"instruction":"The region where internal and external epithelia meet at the rim of the enamel organ is known as:","input":"Choices: ['Zone of reflexion.', 'Enamel Knot.', 'Dental follicle.', 'Enamel cord.']","output":"Zone of reflexion."} +{"instruction":"Temperature for sintering of High fusing ceramic is","input":"Choices: ['>2372 degree F', '>1300 degree F', '1101-1300 degree F', 'None of the above']","output":">2372 degree F"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following antibiotic does not act by inhibiting protein synthesis ?","input":"Choices: ['Vancomycin', 'Tetracycline', 'Streptomycin', 'Azithromycin']","output":"Vancomycin"} +{"instruction":"The antibiotic causing pseudomembrane colitis is-Clindamycin","input":"Choices: ['Clindamycin', 'Garamycin', 'Erythromycin', 'Vancomycin']","output":"Erythromycin"} +{"instruction":"Most severe form of G-6-PD deficiency -","input":"Choices: ['Typed', 'Type 2', 'Type 3', 'None']","output":"Type 3"} +{"instruction":"All are true regarding the trigone of the urinary bladder except-","input":"Choices: ['Mucosa is loosely associated to the underlying musculature', 'Mucosa is smooth', 'It is lined by transitional epithelium', 'It is derived from the absorbed part of the mesonephric duct']","output":"Mucosa is loosely associated to the underlying musculature"} +{"instruction":"Common sites of bleeding are: (PGI June 2008)","input":"Choices: ['Woodruff plexus', \"Little's area\", \"Brown's area\", 'Vestibular Area']","output":"Little's area"} +{"instruction":"Na &\/or K+ is\/are involved in mechanism of action of which of the following receptor(s)?","input":"Choices: ['Dopamine', 'Nm receptor', 'Nn receptor', 'All of the above']","output":"All of the above"} +{"instruction":"All of the following are contraindications for breast conserving surgery except","input":"Choices: ['Tumours more than 4cm in size', 'Multicentricity', 'Centrally located tumour', 'Prior neoadjuvant chemotherapy']","output":"Prior neoadjuvant chemotherapy"} +{"instruction":"Brown sign is seen in","input":"Choices: ['Glomus tumor', 'Cholesteatoma', 'Aoustic neuroma', 'Hypothyroidism']","output":"Glomus tumor"} +{"instruction":"All of the following statements about carbohydrate antigen are true except -","input":"Choices: ['It has lower immunogenicity', 'Memory response is seen', 'Cause polyclonal B cell stimulation', 'Does not require stimulation by T cells']","output":"Memory response is seen"} +{"instruction":"Most common foreign body to cause penetrating injury to ciliary body","input":"Choices: ['Ball', 'Hammer and chisel', 'Gun bullet', 'Vegetative material']","output":"Hammer and chisel"} +{"instruction":"A 17 yr old girl presents with ovarian tumor. USG shows predominantly solid components. Tumor markers CA-125 and AFP are negative, however LDH is raised. Which one of the following can be the most likely tumor?","input":"Choices: ['Dysgerminoma', 'malignant teratoma', 'mucinous cystadenocarcinoma', 'Serous Cystadenocarcinoma']","output":"Dysgerminoma"} +{"instruction":"Maximum permissible dose of radiation exposure for human beings is:-","input":"Choices: ['1 rad per person per year 1 rad per person per year', '5 rad per person per year', '10 rad per person per year', '50 rad per person per year']","output":"5 rad per person per year"} +{"instruction":"Micronodular cirrhosis is seen in all except -","input":"Choices: ['Chronic hepatitis B', 'Alcoholic cirrhosis', 'Haemochromatosis', 'Chronic cirrhosis secondary to biliary stasis']","output":"Chronic hepatitis B"} +{"instruction":"Anti histone antibodies are characteristics of-","input":"Choices: ['Drug induced lupus', 'Cardiac lupus', 'Lupus nephritis', 'MCTD']","output":"Drug induced lupus"} +{"instruction":"Amplifier host is -","input":"Choices: ['Pig in JE', 'Dog in rabies', 'Man in JE', 'Cattle in JE']","output":"Pig in JE"} +{"instruction":"Most common source of Diphtheria","input":"Choices: ['Case', 'Carrier', 'Both', 'None']","output":"Carrier"} +{"instruction":"Anti androgen use in hea failure is","input":"Choices: ['Carvedilol', 'Sampatrilat', 'Spiranolactone', 'Abiraterone']","output":"Spiranolactone"} +{"instruction":"Pitting edema indicates an excess of .... litres of fluid in tissue spaces -","input":"Choices: ['2.5', '3.5', '4.5', '5.5']","output":"4.5"} +{"instruction":"Virchow triad includes all except:","input":"Choices: ['Endothelial injury', 'Abnormal blood flow', 'Hypercoagulability', 'Pulmonary embolism']","output":"Pulmonary embolism"} +{"instruction":"Hypogonadism, reduced immunity and alopecia may be a deficiency manifestation of: September 2012","input":"Choices: ['Iron', 'Copper', 'Zinc', 'Magnesium']","output":"Zinc"} +{"instruction":"Dysphagia which is more for liquids than for solids in a 25-year-old female strongly suggests the possibility of","input":"Choices: ['Pseudobulbar palsy', 'Achalasia of oesophagus', 'Carcinoma of oesophagus', 'Corrosive induced oesophageal stricture']","output":"Achalasia of oesophagus"} +{"instruction":"Patient presenting with unilateral sensorineural hearing loss and MRI presentation is given above, what is the most probable diagnosis?","input":"Choices: ['Acoustic neuroma', 'Astrocytoma', 'Glioma', 'Secondaries in the brain']","output":"Acoustic neuroma"} +{"instruction":"Peripheral smear of malaria shows all except","input":"Choices: ['Single ring form - Vivax', 'Multiple ring - Falciparum', 'Bar and band forms - Malariae', 'Banana shaped gametocyte - Ovale']","output":"Banana shaped gametocyte - Ovale"} +{"instruction":"In a case of hematuria of glomerular origin, urine examination shows the presence of all of the following except:","input":"Choices: ['Acanthocytes', 'Crenated red cells', 'Dysmorphic red cells', 'Red cell casts']","output":"Acanthocytes"} +{"instruction":"In child death rate, which of the following is included -","input":"Choices: ['Children< 5 years', 'Children <10 years', 'Childrens 1-4 years age', 'Children 10-15 years']","output":"Childrens 1-4 years age"} +{"instruction":"Hard chancre is seen in –","input":"Choices: ['Chancroid', 'Syphilis', 'Tularemia', 'All']","output":"Syphilis"} +{"instruction":"Percentage of gall stones which are radio opaque ?","input":"Choices: ['10%', '20%', '30%', '50%']","output":"10%"} +{"instruction":"Uricosuric drug not used in acute gout is ?","input":"Choices: ['NSAIDs', 'Colchicine', 'Coicosteroids', 'Sulfinpyrazone']","output":"Sulfinpyrazone"} +{"instruction":"A child has 12 permanent and 12 deciduous teeth, what is his age:","input":"Choices: ['8 ½ years', '11 ½ years', '4 ½ years', '13 ½ years']","output":"8 ½ years"} +{"instruction":"Painful lockjaw is seen in case of following EXCEPT?","input":"Choices: ['Tetany', 'Temporo-mandibular joint abscess', 'Mandibular abscess', 'Odontogenic pulp abscess']","output":"Tetany"} +{"instruction":"LMP-1 gene plays a role in oncogenesis induced by:","input":"Choices: ['Human T cell leukemia virus type I', 'Hepatitis B virus', 'Epstein-Barr virus', 'Human papilloma virus']","output":"Epstein-Barr virus"} +{"instruction":"Tetanus spasm occurs due to which of the following toxin:","input":"Choices: ['Tetanotysin', 'Lecithinase', 'Neurotoxin', 'Tetanospasmin']","output":"Tetanospasmin"} +{"instruction":"A 38-year-old woman, gravida 1, para 0, delivers an appropriate-for-gestational age infant by spontaneous vaginal delivery in the veex position. The infant is noted to have edematous swelling of the soft tissue of the scalp that crosses the midline. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?","input":"Choices: ['Cephalohematoma', 'Subcutaneous fat necrosis', 'Fracture of the skull', 'Caput succedaneum']","output":"Caput succedaneum"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is supplied by the abdominal aoa?","input":"Choices: ['Accessory lung lobes', 'Bronchopulmonary segment', 'Sequestrated lung tissue', 'Base of lung']","output":"Sequestrated lung tissue"} +{"instruction":"Regarding Giardiasis, all of the following options are true except","input":"Choices: ['Diarrhea with steatosis', 'Bloody diarrhea', 'Metronidazole is the drug of choice', 'Absence of fever']","output":"Bloody diarrhea"} +{"instruction":"Antigenic variation is\/are seen in-","input":"Choices: ['Treponema pallidum', 'Neisseria', 'Corynebacterium', 'All']","output":"Neisseria"} +{"instruction":"Which one is not associated with peptic ulcer -","input":"Choices: ['Smoking cigarrete', \"Zollinger Ellison's syndrome\", 'Plummer vinsons syndrome', 'Cirrhosis']","output":"Plummer vinsons syndrome"} +{"instruction":"The most common manifestation of congenital toxoplasmosis -","input":"Choices: ['Hydrocephalus', 'Chorioretinitis', 'Hepatospienomegaly', 'Thrombocytopenia']","output":"Chorioretinitis"} +{"instruction":"Imatinib is used in the treatment of","input":"Choices: ['Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia', 'Myelodysplastic syndrome', 'Acute lymphoblastic leukemia', 'Gastrointestinal stromal tumors']","output":"Gastrointestinal stromal tumors"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is seen in infant of a diabetic mother","input":"Choices: ['Hyperglycemia', 'Anaemia', 'Hypermagnesemia', 'Hypocalcemia']","output":"Hypocalcemia"} +{"instruction":"A female of 35yrs old that has completed her family is having asymptomatic 10 weeks size fibroid . The most appropriate management is","input":"Choices: ['Observation only', 'Hysterectomy with bilateral salpingoophorectomy', 'Hysteroscopic myomectomy', 'Myomectomy']","output":"Observation only"} +{"instruction":"The forced vital capacity is","input":"Choices: ['The amount of air that normally moves into (or out of) the lung with each respiration.', 'The amount of air that enters the lung but does not participate in gas exchange.', 'The largest amount of air expired after maximal inspiratory effort.', 'The largest amount of gas that can be moved into and out of the lungs in 1 min.']","output":"The largest amount of air expired after maximal inspiratory effort."} +{"instruction":"After the age of six the increase in the size of mandible\noccurs at:","input":"Choices: ['Symphysis', 'Between canines', 'Along the lower border', 'Distal to 1st molars']","output":"Distal to 1st molars"} +{"instruction":"Polyneuropathy is seen in -a) Vitamin deficiencyb) Osteoporosisc) DMd) Myxoedemae) Amyloidosis","input":"Choices: ['bce', 'acde', 'abcd', 'abde']","output":"acde"} +{"instruction":"A man working as a pest killer comes to OPD with pain abdomen, garlic odour in breath and transverse lines on nails. Most likely the person is having -","input":"Choices: ['Arsenic poisoning', 'Lead poisoning', 'Mercury poisoning', 'Cadmium poisoning']","output":"Arsenic poisoning"} +{"instruction":"A 20 year old male with history of fever and enlarged lymphnodes and sore throat, suspected to have infections mononucleosis and was ordered a Paul Bunnel test. What is the principle of the test:","input":"Choices: ['Heterophile agglutination test', 'Neutralization test', 'Complement fixation test', 'Agglutination reaction']","output":"Heterophile agglutination test"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following features on mammogram would suggest malignancy","input":"Choices: ['Well defined lesion', 'A mass of decreased density', 'Areas of speculated microcalcifications', 'Smooth borders']","output":"Areas of speculated microcalcifications"} +{"instruction":"Head quarter of WHO is at","input":"Choices: ['New York', 'Geneva', 'London', 'New Delhi']","output":"Geneva"} +{"instruction":"In spinal anaesthesia the drug is deposited between","input":"Choices: ['Dura and arachnoid', 'Pia and arachnoid', 'Dura and veebra', 'Into the cord substance']","output":"Pia and arachnoid"} +{"instruction":"Most common cause of frequent change in presbyopic glasses among the following are:","input":"Choices: ['Diabetic Retinopathy', 'Senile cataract', 'Age related macular degeneration', 'Glaucoma']","output":"Glaucoma"} +{"instruction":"Compartment syndrome is confirmed at pressure above","input":"Choices: ['30 mm Hg', '40 mm Hg', '50 mm Hg', '35 mm Hg']","output":"30 mm Hg"} +{"instruction":"A 45 year old female complains of progressive weakness and spasticity of the lower limb with difficulty in micturition. CT scan shows an intradural mid dorsal midline enhancing lesion. The likely diagnosis is:","input":"Choices: ['Meningioma', 'Intradermal Lipoma', 'Neuroepithelial Cyst', 'Dermoid Cyst']","output":"Meningioma"} +{"instruction":"True statement concerning placenta pre is","input":"Choices: ['Its incidence decreases with maternal age', 'The initial hemorrhage is usually painless and rarely fatal', 'Management no longer includes a double setup', 'Vaginal examination should be done immediately on suspicion of placenta pre']","output":"The initial hemorrhage is usually painless and rarely fatal"} +{"instruction":"Sexually active males comes with complaints of recurrent ulcers over the glans which heals with hyperpigmentation probable diagnosis is","input":"Choices: ['Aphthous ulcer', 'Fixed drug eruptions', 'Herpes-genitalis', 'Chlamydial infection']","output":"Fixed drug eruptions"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following Immunoglobulin acts as a receptor for antigens","input":"Choices: ['IgG', 'IgM', 'IgD', 'IgE']","output":"IgD"} +{"instruction":"IV Immunoglobulin is given in -a) Kawasaki diseaseb) PANc) Wegener's granulomatosisd) Bruton's diseasee) Guilain Barre syndrome","input":"Choices: ['abc', 'ade', 'cde', 'acd']","output":"ade"} +{"instruction":"Gas gangrene is caused by all except aEUR'","input":"Choices: ['Cl. histolyticum', 'Cl. novyi', 'Cl. septicum', 'Cl. sporogenes']","output":"Cl. sporogenes"} +{"instruction":"A patient involved in a road traffic accident presents with quadriparesis, sphincter disturbance, sensory level up to the upper border of sternum and respiratory rate of 35\/minute. The likely level of lesion is:","input":"Choices: ['C1 - C2', 'C4 - C5', 'T1 - T2', 'T3 - T4']","output":"C4 - C5"} +{"instruction":"Obstruction of inferior vena cava presents as","input":"Choices: ['Paraumbilical dilatation', 'Thoracoepigastric dilatation', 'Esophageal varices', 'Hemorrhoids']","output":"Thoracoepigastric dilatation"} +{"instruction":"Incessant sexual desire in males:","input":"Choices: ['Satyriasis', 'Nymphomania', 'Vaginismus', 'Quoad hoc']","output":"Satyriasis"} +{"instruction":"Radiographic finding of floating teeth can be seen in:","input":"Choices: ['Ectodermal dysplasis', 'Cleidocranial dysplasia', 'Osteopetrosis', 'Histiocytosis - X']","output":"Histiocytosis - X"} +{"instruction":"Steroids are used in the Rx of the following diseases EXCEPT:","input":"Choices: ['Chronic fungal infection', 'Erythema multiforme', 'Pemphigus vulgaris', 'Contact dermatitis']","output":"Chronic fungal infection"} +{"instruction":"Meiosis occurs in human males in","input":"Choices: ['Epididymis', 'Seminiferous tubules', 'Vas deferens', 'Seminal vesicles']","output":"Seminiferous tubules"} +{"instruction":"A 36-year-old woman has a cough and fever for 1 week. On physical examination, her temperature is 38.3deg C. She has diffuse crackles in all lung fields. A chest radiograph shows bilateral extensive infiltrates. CBC shows hemoglobin, 13.9 g\/ dL; hematocrit, 42%; MCV, 89 mm3; platelet count, 210,000\/mm3; and WBC count, 56,000\/mm3 with 63% segmented neutrophils, 16% bands, 7% metamyelocytes, 3% myelocytes, 1% blasts, 8% lymphocytes, and 2% monocytes. A bone marrow biopsy is obtained and shows normal maturation of myeloid cells. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?","input":"Choices: ['Chronic myelogenous leukemia', 'Hairy cell leukemia', 'Hodgkin lymphoma, lymphocyte depletion type', 'Leukemoid reaction']","output":"Leukemoid reaction"} +{"instruction":"A 40-year-old man is brought to emergency. On examination he appears conscious and oriented but repos hearing voices of people threatening him. He admits to a history of chronic alcohol use. What is the most appropriate diagnosis?","input":"Choices: ['Alcoholic hallucinosis', 'Delirium tremens', 'Korsakoff psychosis', 'Schizophrenia']","output":"Alcoholic hallucinosis"} +{"instruction":"which of the following is a type of narcisstic personlaity disorder","input":"Choices: ['considers themselves as special', 'cold and excentric', 'dependent on others', 'shy']","output":"considers themselves as special"} +{"instruction":"For treatment of paucibacillary leprosy drugs used are -","input":"Choices: ['Rifampicin & dapsone', 'Rifampicin, dapsone, steroids', 'Rifampicin, clofazimine, dapsone', 'None']","output":"Rifampicin & dapsone"} +{"instruction":"Ankle sprain due to forced inversion of a plantar flexed foot is due to injury to","input":"Choices: ['Anterior talofibular ligament', 'Posterior talofibular ligament', 'Calcaneofibular ligament', 'Posterior fibres of deltoid']","output":"Anterior talofibular ligament"} +{"instruction":"The critical angle refers to the angle of incidence in the denser medium, corresponding to which angle of refraction in the rarer medium is:","input":"Choices: ['Less than 90deg', '90deg', 'More than 90deg', 'Equal to angle of incidence']","output":"90deg"} +{"instruction":"In case of severe burns, hemoglobin level may rise up to:","input":"Choices: ['50%', '80%', '150%', '100%']","output":"150%"} +{"instruction":"Which of the follow ing act through ty rosine kinase receptor-","input":"Choices: ['Insulin', 'Glucagons', 'GH', 'FSH']","output":"Insulin"} +{"instruction":"A 30 yr old male presents to the OP it with Erectile dysfunction. asic screening evaluation is unremarkable. The next step in the evaluation \/management should be?","input":"Choices: ['Oral sildenafil citrate trial', 'Cavernosometry', 'Doppler study', 'eurological testing']","output":"Oral sildenafil citrate trial"} +{"instruction":"Tobacco amblyopia could be associated with which of the following conditions:","input":"Choices: ['Myopia', 'Vitamin B12 deficiency', 'Orbital cellulitis', 'Omega 6 fatty acid deficiency']","output":"Vitamin B12 deficiency"} +{"instruction":"Fine reticular pigmentation with palmar pits are seen in -","input":"Choices: ['Dowling - Degos disease', 'Rothmund thornpson syndrome', 'Cockyane syndrome', \"Bloom's syndrome\"]","output":"Dowling - Degos disease"} +{"instruction":"In heat cure denture base acrylic resins the\nmonomer is:","input":"Choices: ['Methacrylate', 'Ethylmethacrylate', 'Methyl ethyl methacrylate', 'Polymethylmethacrylate']","output":"Methacrylate"} +{"instruction":"Normal poal vein pressure is -","input":"Choices: ['< 3 mm Hg', '3-5 mm Hg', '5-10 mm Hg', '10 to 1 2mm of Hg']","output":"5-10 mm Hg"} +{"instruction":"Prostaglandin inhibiting action of Aspirin is useful in the treatment of all of the following conditions except","input":"Choices: ['Analgesia and antipyresis', 'Closure of ductus aeriosus', 'Uricosuria', 'Anti-inflammatory and antiplatelet aggregation']","output":"Uricosuria"} +{"instruction":"Which among the following is associated with cystic glandular hyperplasia in premenopausal women?","input":"Choices: ['Menorrhagia', 'Polymenorrhea', 'Oligomenorrhea', 'Metropathia haemorrhagica']","output":"Metropathia haemorrhagica"} +{"instruction":"Chalcosis is deposition of: September 2010, March 2013","input":"Choices: ['Iron', 'Calcium', 'Copper', 'Lead']","output":"Copper"} +{"instruction":"A 20-year-old woman presents to the clinic for evaluation of new symptoms of cough and yellow sputum production. She also reports feeling feverish and having intermittent right-sided chest pain on deep breathing. On physical examination, she appears well and the pertinent findings are dullness on percussion in the right lower lobe and inspiratory crackles on auscultation of the lungs. A chest x-ray confirms there is a right lower lobe infiltrate. Which of the following is the most appropriate treatment of community-acquired pneumonia?","input":"Choices: ['carbenicillin', 'tobramycin', 'levofloxacin', 'methicillin']","output":"levofloxacin"} +{"instruction":"Commonest cutaneous eruption in SLE is:","input":"Choices: ['Palmar erythema', 'Discoid lesions', 'Erythema of light exposed area', 'Diffuse morbiliform erythema']","output":"Erythema of light exposed area"} +{"instruction":"Forced duction test is to find out?","input":"Choices: ['Ocular muscle palsy', 'Ocular muscle spasm', 'Angle of detion', 'Refractive error']","output":"Ocular muscle palsy"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is a non - selective MAO inhibitor?","input":"Choices: ['Moclobemide', 'Rasagiline', 'Selegiline', 'Isocarboxazid']","output":"Isocarboxazid"} +{"instruction":". If blood gas analysis reveal pH = 7.52, pCO2=3O; pO2= 105.This will be compensated by?","input":"Choices: ['Compensatory respiratory acidosis', 'Compensatory respiratory alkalosis', 'Compensatory metabolic acidosis', 'Compensatory metabolic alkalosis']","output":"Compensatory metabolic acidosis"} +{"instruction":"Chronic urethral obstruction due to benign prostatic hyperplasia can lead to the following change in kidney parenchyma:","input":"Choices: ['Hyperplasia', 'Hyperophy', 'Atrophy', 'Dysplasia']","output":"Atrophy"} +{"instruction":"Trendelenburg sign is positive in damage of the following nerve -","input":"Choices: ['Inferior gluteal nerve', 'Pudendal nerve', 'Superior gluteal nerve', 'Posterior tibial nerve']","output":"Superior gluteal nerve"} +{"instruction":"In type -II respiratory failure, there is","input":"Choices: ['Low p02 and low pCO2', 'Low p02 and high pCO2', 'Normal p02 and high pCO2', 'Low p02 and normal pCO2']","output":"Low p02 and high pCO2"} +{"instruction":"Perceptional misinterpretation of a real object is","input":"Choices: ['Hallucination', 'Schizophrenia', 'Illusion', 'Delusion']","output":"Illusion"} +{"instruction":"Lighthouse sign is seen in ASOM in which stage","input":"Choices: ['Stage of suppuration', 'Stage of hyperemia', 'Stage of resolution', 'Stage of presuppuration']","output":"Stage of resolution"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is true about felty&;s syndrome?","input":"Choices: ['More common in males', 'Occurs in early phase of disease', 'RA, lymphopenia, splenomegaly', 'Associated with high titres of RF']","output":"Associated with high titres of RF"} +{"instruction":"All of the following drugs are HIV protease inhibitors except?","input":"Choices: ['Indinavir', 'Abacavir', 'Atazanavir', 'Ritonavir']","output":"Abacavir"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is the function of MHC I and II?","input":"Choices: ['Signal transduction in T cells', 'Antibody class switching', 'Antigen presentation to T cells', 'Increase the secretion of cytokines']","output":"Antigen presentation to T cells"} +{"instruction":"The commonest site of peptic ulcer is","input":"Choices: ['1st pa of duodenum', '2nd pa of duodenum', 'Distal 1\/3 of stomach', 'Pylorus of the stomach']","output":"1st pa of duodenum"} +{"instruction":"Sphenopalatine foramen opens in which wall of pterygopalatine fossa?","input":"Choices: ['Medial wall', 'Lateral wall', 'Superior wall', 'Inferior wall']","output":"Medial wall"} +{"instruction":"A 25 year old lady presents with a unilateral cataract. There is no history of trauma, pain, redness of eyes or steroid usage. What is the likely cause?","input":"Choices: ['Age related cataract', 'Complicated Cataract', 'Fuchs Heterochromic Iridocyclitis', 'Diabetic cataract']","output":"Fuchs Heterochromic Iridocyclitis"} +{"instruction":"Limulus amoebocyte lysate test is used to detect ?","input":"Choices: ['Endotoxin', 'Verocytotoxin', 'Pyroexotoxin-A', 'Alpha-toxin of Cl. perfringens']","output":"Endotoxin"} +{"instruction":"A 75-year-old woman with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) takes aspirin for symptom control. She usually adjusts the dose of her own medications depending on how she is feeling.For the above patient with a toxic ingestion or exposure, select the most likely clinical effect.","input":"Choices: ['combines with cytochromes and catalase to block hydrogen and electron transport, thus producing tissue asphyxia', 'methemoglobinemia', 'vertigo, hyperventilation, tinnitus, and deafness', 'bone marrow depression']","output":"vertigo, hyperventilation, tinnitus, and deafness"} +{"instruction":"Polycystic kidneys can be associated witha) Cysts in liver lungsb) Coarctation of aortac) Berry aneurysmsd) All","input":"Choices: ['a', 'ac', 'ad', 'b']","output":"ac"} +{"instruction":"Blood platelets in stored blood do not remain functional after","input":"Choices: ['12 hrs', '24 hrs', '48 hrs', '72 hrs']","output":"24 hrs"} +{"instruction":"All can predisposes to non cirrhotic poal fibrosis, EXCEPT:","input":"Choices: ['Xenobiotics exposure', 'Arsenic contaminated water', 'Repeated intestinal exposure', 'Radiation exposure']","output":"Radiation exposure"} +{"instruction":"Carcinoma breast spread to other breast is more common in which of the Carcinoma breast:","input":"Choices: ['Lobular carcinoma', 'Scirrhous Carcinoma', 'Both of the above', 'None of the above']","output":"Lobular carcinoma"} +{"instruction":"Brain damage in phenylketonuria is due to accumulation of-","input":"Choices: ['Tyrosine', 'Phenylalanine', 'Tryptophan', 'None']","output":"Phenylalanine"} +{"instruction":"Pitying testing for lower motor neuron lesion involving nucleus ambiguous; uvula","input":"Choices: ['Is deted to the affected side', 'Is deted to the normal side', 'Remains in midline', 'Is not used in testing']","output":"Is deted to the normal side"} +{"instruction":"The following is a feature of Korsakoff’s psychosis","input":"Choices: ['Confabulation', 'Encephalopathy', 'Opthalmoplegia', 'Hallucination']","output":"Confabulation"} +{"instruction":"A village with 10000 population 250 suffered from malaria out of which 50 dead, another 100 suffered from dengue out of which 30 died in 2013 case fatality rate of dengue is -","input":"Choices: [\"40 '\", '80', '30', '70']","output":"30"} +{"instruction":"Diabetic ketoacidosis is best managed by:","input":"Choices: ['Crystalline insulin given intravenously.', 'Human insulin given intramuscularly.', 'Lente insulin given subcutaneously.', 'Isophane insulin given intradermally.']","output":"Crystalline insulin given intravenously."} +{"instruction":"In ophthalmology, muscle resection leads to","input":"Choices: ['Weakening of muscle', 'Strengthening of muscle', 'Muscle paralysis', 'No effect']","output":"Strengthening of muscle"} +{"instruction":"In order to keep blood pH at 7.4, the HCO3: H2CO3 ratio should be:","input":"Choices: ['2:01', '5:01', '10:01', '20:01']","output":"20:01"} +{"instruction":"Factors ouring fat embolism in a patient with major trauma :","input":"Choices: ['Mobility of', 'Hypovolemic shock', 'Resp. failure', 'All']","output":"Mobility of"} +{"instruction":"All are autosomal recessive coagulopathies except","input":"Choices: ['Bernad soulier syndrome', 'Glanzmann Thrombasthenia', 'Afibrinogenemia', 'Von Willebrand disease']","output":"Von Willebrand disease"} +{"instruction":"Red infarct is seen in?","input":"Choices: ['Small intestine', 'Kidney', 'Spleen', 'Heart']","output":"Small intestine"} +{"instruction":"Roth spots are commonly seen in:March 2013","input":"Choices: ['Papilledema', 'Sepsis', 'Diabetes', 'Hypeension']","output":"Sepsis"} +{"instruction":"Athletic syndrome is Characterized by:","input":"Choices: ['Increased amplitude of QRS', 'Tachycardia', 'Decreased QT interval', 'U-waves']","output":"Increased amplitude of QRS"} +{"instruction":"A 32 week pregnant primigravida presented with dyspnoea. Her hemoglobin is 10 mg%. What is the minimum hemoglobin levels in pregnancy below which anemia can be diagnosed?","input":"Choices: ['9 mg %', '10 mg %', '11 mg %', '12 mg %']","output":"11 mg %"} +{"instruction":"A 15 year old boy with epilepsy on treatment with combination of valproate and phenytoin has good control of seizures. Levels of both drugs are in the therapeutic range. All of the following adverse effects can be attributed to valproate except -","input":"Choices: ['Weight gain of 5 kg', 'Serum alanine aminotransaminase 150 IU\/L', 'Rise in serum ammonia level by 20 01', 'Lymphadenopathy']","output":"Lymphadenopathy"} +{"instruction":"Maurer's dots are seen in infection with","input":"Choices: ['Pl. malariae', 'Pl. vivax', 'Pl. ovale', 'Pl. falciparum']","output":"Pl. falciparum"} +{"instruction":"An 8-year-old mentally retarded child presents with left side flank pain. On ultrasound hvperechoic lesion is seen in right kidney and multiple lesions in the liver. CT scan of abdomen shows -50 to -60 HU density of the lesions in kidney and liver. The most probable diagnosis is: (E. REPEAT 2007)","input":"Choices: ['Familial angiolipomatosis', 'ADPKD', 'VHL', 'Tuberous sclerosis']","output":"Tuberous sclerosis"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following drugs is associated with priapism?","input":"Choices: ['Hydralazine', 'Prazocin', 'Resperidone', 'All the above']","output":"All the above"} +{"instruction":"Late deceleration indicates","input":"Choices: ['Head compression', 'Cord compression', 'Foetal hypoxia', 'Breech presentation']","output":"Foetal hypoxia"} +{"instruction":"Non visualization of the kidney is seen in all EXCEPT(Internet)","input":"Choices: ['Unilateral renal agenesis', 'Bilateral renal agenesis', 'Renal vein thrombosis', 'Ectopic kidney']","output":"Ectopic kidney"} +{"instruction":"Delayed clotting in abetalipoproteinemia is due to:","input":"Choices: ['A Decreased VLDL', 'Reduced clotting factor synthesis', 'Decreased chylomicrons', 'Decreased fatty acid synthesis']","output":"Reduced clotting factor synthesis"} +{"instruction":"True regarding Keratoacanthoma:","input":"Choices: ['Central ulceration is uncommon', 'Known as Molluscum sebaceum', 'Caused by pox virus', 'Heals without scarring']","output":"Known as Molluscum sebaceum"} +{"instruction":"Kussumaul's sign is not seen in -","input":"Choices: ['Restrictive cardiomyopathy', 'Constrictive pericarditis', 'Cardiac tamponade', 'RV infarct']","output":"Cardiac tamponade"} +{"instruction":"A 45-year-old woman with longstanding Crohn disease and severe fat malabsorption experiences a fracture of the femoral neck after a minor contusion. This woman most likely has a deficiency of which of the following vitamins?","input":"Choices: ['Vitamin B1 (thiamine)', 'Vitamin C', 'Vitamin D', 'Vitamin K']","output":"Vitamin D"} +{"instruction":"Which type of hemoglobin is not normally found within human erythrocytes?","input":"Choices: ['HbA', 'HbA2', 'HbCO', 'HbO2']","output":"HbCO"} +{"instruction":"All of the following can cause SLE like syndrome except -","input":"Choices: ['INH', 'Penicillin', 'Hydralazine', 'Sulphonamide']","output":"Penicillin"} +{"instruction":"Statin induced myopathy is NOT exacerbated by which of the following drugs -","input":"Choices: ['Nicotinic acid', 'Enalapril', 'Erythromycin', 'Clofibrate']","output":"Enalapril"} +{"instruction":"Oxidase positive bacteria -","input":"Choices: ['Pseudomonase', 'V cholerae', 'Gonococcus', 'All of the above']","output":"All of the above"} +{"instruction":"All are true regarding typhoid ulcer except ?","input":"Choices: ['Perforation is less common in children below 5yrs', 'Placed transversely along the ileum', 'Multiple ulcer found in terminal ileum', 'Perforation occurs in 3rd week']","output":"Placed transversely along the ileum"} +{"instruction":"Which one of the following drugs does not have active metabolite?","input":"Choices: ['Diazepam', 'Propanolol', 'Allopurinol', 'Lisinopril']","output":"Lisinopril"} +{"instruction":"Common CNS lesions in HIV is caused by -","input":"Choices: ['Cryptococcus', 'Herpes simplex', 'Neurocysticercosis', 'Mucormycosis']","output":"Cryptococcus"} +{"instruction":"TIPS means creating anastomosis between which of the following","input":"Choices: ['Poal vein and hepatic aery', 'Poal vein and IVC', 'Poal vein and hepatic vein', 'Hepatic vein and hepatic aery']","output":"Poal vein and hepatic vein"} +{"instruction":"Which is the most common etiologic agent of acute infantile gastroenteritis?","input":"Choices: ['Adenovirus', 'E coli', 'Norwalkvirus', 'Rota virus']","output":"Rota virus"} +{"instruction":"A diabetic patient present with bloody nasal discharge, orbital swelling and pain. Culture of periorbital pus showing branching septate hyphae. Which of the following is the most probable organism involved?","input":"Choices: ['Mucor', 'Candida', 'Aspergillus', 'Rhizopus']","output":"Aspergillus"} +{"instruction":"High oral: Parenteral activity ratio is seen with -","input":"Choices: ['Morphine', 'Diacetyl morphine', 'Oxymorphine', 'Methadone']","output":"Methadone"} +{"instruction":"Uvula deviated to right side, which nerve is involved?","input":"Choices: ['Left vagus', 'Left glossopharangeal', 'Left hypoglossal', 'Right hypoglossal']","output":"Left vagus"} +{"instruction":"Post menopausal HRT decreases incidences of which malignancy-","input":"Choices: ['Breast', 'Colorectal', 'Ovarian', 'Endometrium']","output":"Colorectal"} +{"instruction":"A 40-year-old man, was admitted with FRACTURE shaft femur following a road traffic accident. On 2nd day he became disoriented. He was found to be tachypnoeic, and had conjunctival petechiae. Most likely diagnosis is","input":"Choices: ['Pulmonary embolism', 'Sepsis syndrome', 'Fat embolism', 'Haemothorax']","output":"Fat embolism"} +{"instruction":"A labourer involved with repair-work of sewers was admitted with fever, jaundice and renal failure. The most appropriate test to diagnose the infection in this patient is -","input":"Choices: ['Weil Felix test', 'Paul Bunnell test', 'Microscopic agglutination test', 'Microimmunofluorescence test']","output":"Microscopic agglutination test"} +{"instruction":"A child has got a congenital cataract involving the visual axis which was detected by the parents right at bih. This child should be operated-","input":"Choices: ['Immediately', 'At 2 months of age', 'At 1 year of age when the globe becomes normal sized', 'After 4 years when entire ocular and orbital growth becomes normal']","output":"Immediately"} +{"instruction":"glomus tumor is seen","input":"Choices: ['Retroperitonium', 'Soft tissue', 'Distal poion of digits', 'Proximal poion of digits']","output":"Distal poion of digits"} +{"instruction":"Elevated WBC count is seen in all except?","input":"Choices: ['Typhoid', 'Peussis', 'Lymphoreticular malignancy', 'TB']","output":"Typhoid"} +{"instruction":"'SEPS' is a surgical procedure used in the treatment of which of the following condition:","input":"Choices: ['Venous incompetence', 'Aerial obstruction', 'Lymphatic obstruction', 'AV fistula']","output":"Venous incompetence"} +{"instruction":"Gustafson's method is useful for determination of: MAHE 06; Gujarat 10","input":"Choices: ['Age', 'Stature', 'Race', 'Sex']","output":"Age"} +{"instruction":"First sign in sympathetic ophthamilis is :","input":"Choices: ['Presence of aquous flare', 'Presence of precipitates', 'Constriction of pupil', 'Retrolental flare']","output":"Retrolental flare"} +{"instruction":"In humans and other primates, as well as in guinea pigs, this vitamin cannot be synthesized, because of the absence of the enzyme L-gulonolactone oxidase; the vitamin is:","input":"Choices: ['Pantothenic acid', 'Nicotinic acid', 'Ascorbic acid', 'Folic acid']","output":"Ascorbic acid"} +{"instruction":"Not a feature of systematic review","input":"Choices: ['Meta analysis is always performed', 'Search for literature is compulsory using explicit search strategy', 'Critical appraisal is always criteria based', 'Research questions always focussed']","output":"Meta analysis is always performed"} +{"instruction":"Fetal hydantoin syndrome is caused by -","input":"Choices: ['Phenytoin', 'Alcohol', 'Tetracycline', 'Sodium valproate']","output":"Phenytoin"} +{"instruction":"True about Arboviruses is","input":"Choices: ['Yellow fever is endemic in India', 'Dengue has only one serotype', 'KFD was first identified in West Bengal', 'Chikungunya is transmitted by Aedes aegypti']","output":"Chikungunya is transmitted by Aedes aegypti"} +{"instruction":"Row of tombstones appearance is seen in -","input":"Choices: ['Irritant dermatitis', 'Pemphigus', 'Pemphigoid', 'Herpes zoster']","output":"Pemphigus"} +{"instruction":"A 60-year-old male presents with haematuria at the onset of micturition - the cause is -","input":"Choices: ['Urethral stone', 'Bladder tumor', 'Ureteric stone', 'Prostatitis']","output":"Urethral stone"} +{"instruction":"Most common cause of urinary tract infection in children is -","input":"Choices: ['EColi', 'Klebsiella sp.', 'Psedomonas Aerognosa', 'Candida']","output":"EColi"} +{"instruction":"Most common cause of hyperthyroidism-","input":"Choices: ['Thyroid hyperplasia', 'Thyroid adenoma', 'Thyroid carcinoma', 'Grave disease']","output":"Grave disease"} +{"instruction":"Which is related to sunlight exposure","input":"Choices: ['Actinic keratosis', 'Molluscum contagiosum', 'Icthyosis', 'Basal cell carcinoma']","output":"Actinic keratosis"} +{"instruction":"At the physiological pH the DNA molecules are:","input":"Choices: ['Positively charged', 'Amphipathic', 'Negatively charged', 'Neutral']","output":"Negatively charged"} +{"instruction":"True about pemphigus vulgaris A\/E:","input":"Choices: ['Subepidermal', 'Autoimmune disease', 'Tzanck smear shows acanthoyltic cells', 'Antibody are formed against desmogleins']","output":"Subepidermal"} +{"instruction":"Jejunal biopsy is diagnostic in:","input":"Choices: ['Giardiasis', 'Tropical sprue', \"Whipple's disease\", 'Radiation enteritis']","output":"Whipple's disease"} +{"instruction":"Which is Not required for visualisation of gall bladder in oral cholecystography:","input":"Choices: ['Functioning liver', 'Motor mechanisms of gall bladder', 'Patency of cystic duct', 'Ability to absorb water']","output":"Motor mechanisms of gall bladder"} +{"instruction":"Following change occurs in pregnancy :","input":"Choices: ['Plasmin level decreases', 'Fibrinolytic activity decreases', 'Hemodilution does not occur', 'Fibrinogen level increases']","output":"Fibrinogen level increases"} +{"instruction":"Disinfecting action of chlorine on water is mainly due to","input":"Choices: ['Hydrogen chloride', 'Hydrogen ions', 'Hypochlorous acid', 'Hypochlorite ions']","output":"Hypochlorous acid"} +{"instruction":"Not included in PQLI is","input":"Choices: ['Income', 'Literacy', 'Life expectancy at age 1', 'Infant mortality']","output":"Income"} +{"instruction":"HMG-CoA can be directly conveed to all except?","input":"Choices: ['Acetoacetate', 'Acetyl-CoA', 'Mevalonate', 'Aceto-acetyl CoA']","output":"Aceto-acetyl CoA"} +{"instruction":"All of the following statements are true about congenital rubella except","input":"Choices: ['It is diagnosed when the infant has IgM antibodies at bih', 'It is diagnosed when Ig G antibodies persist for more than 6 months', 'M.C. congenital defects are deafness, congenital hea disease and cataract', 'Infection after 16 weeks of gestation result in major congenital defects']","output":"Infection after 16 weeks of gestation result in major congenital defects"} +{"instruction":"Essential criteria for TOF includes all, EXCEPT:","input":"Choices: ['Valvular stenosis', 'Infundibular stenosis', 'Over riding of aoa', 'RVH']","output":"Valvular stenosis"} +{"instruction":"Most common situation associated with transient tachypnea of newborn is","input":"Choices: ['Term delivery requiring forceps', 'Term requiring ventouse', 'Elective caesarean section', 'Normal vaginal delivery']","output":"Elective caesarean section"} +{"instruction":"False statement about impetigo –","input":"Choices: ['Mostly caused by staphylococcus or streptococcus or both', 'It predisposes to glomerulonephritis', 'Produces scar on healing', 'Erythromycin is drug of choice']","output":"Produces scar on healing"} +{"instruction":"Which drug is used for pain control in cancer patients ?","input":"Choices: ['Pethidine', 'Fentanyl', 'Methadone', 'Remifentanil']","output":"Fentanyl"} +{"instruction":"A 23-year old male presents with progressive proptosis of his right eye. The proptosis increases on bending forward and is compressible. No thrill or bruit was present. Orbital ultrasound revealed an echogenic mass with foci of echo shadows. The most likely diagnosis is","input":"Choices: ['Orbital AV fistula', 'Orbital encephalocoecle', 'Orbital varix', 'Neurofibromatosi']","output":"Orbital varix"} +{"instruction":"The conjugation of bilirubin to glucuronic acid in the liver","input":"Choices: ['Conves a hydrophilic compound to a hydrophobic one', 'Conves a hydrophobic compound to a hydrophilic one', 'Enables the bilirubin molecule to cross the cell membrane', 'Is increased during neonatal jaundice']","output":"Conves a hydrophobic compound to a hydrophilic one"} +{"instruction":"Surgery on eardrum is done using -","input":"Choices: ['Operative microscope', 'Laser', 'Direct vision', 'Blindly']","output":"Operative microscope"} +{"instruction":"A learned behaviour which is permanent and consistent but liable to change:","input":"Choices: ['Attitude', 'Knowledge', 'Practice', 'Cultural belief']","output":"Practice"} +{"instruction":"Pulled Elbow is:","input":"Choices: ['Disaiculation of elbow', 'Disaiculation of elbow', 'Subluxation of proximal radio ulnar joint', 'None of the above']","output":"Subluxation of proximal radio ulnar joint"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following statements regarding disinfectant is not true?","input":"Choices: ['Hypochlorites are bactericidal and inactivated by organic matter', 'Glutaraldehyde is sporicidal and not inactivated by organic matter', 'Formaldehyde is bactericidal, sporicidal and virucidal', 'Phenol is bactericidal and readily inactivated by organic matter']","output":"Phenol is bactericidal and readily inactivated by organic matter"} +{"instruction":"Drug which acts by binding to B site in prokaryotes:","input":"Choices: ['Actinomycin-D', 'Chloramphenicol', 'Puramycin', 'Penicillin']","output":"Chloramphenicol"} +{"instruction":"Radio isotope used in both Teletherapy and brachy therapy","input":"Choices: ['Radium-226', 'Gold-198', 'Cesium-137', 'Iodine-125']","output":"Cesium-137"} +{"instruction":"Patient with NTD, dose of folic acid in next pregnancy -","input":"Choices: ['0.5 mg', '1 mg', '2 mg', '4 mg']","output":"4 mg"} +{"instruction":"AVN of femoral head is most common in-","input":"Choices: ['Intracapsular fracture neck of femur', 'Extracapsular fracture neck of femur', 'Subtrochanteric fracture', 'Fracture shaft humerus']","output":"Intracapsular fracture neck of femur"} +{"instruction":"The highest percentage of polyunsaturated fatty acids are present in -","input":"Choices: ['Groundnut oil', 'Soyabean oil', 'Margarine', 'Palm oil']","output":"Soyabean oil"} +{"instruction":"Abnormalities of copper metabolism are implicated in the pathogenesis of all the following except -","input":"Choices: [\"Wilson's disease\", \"Monkes' Kinky-hair syndrome\", 'Indian childhood cirrhosis', 'Keshan disease']","output":"Keshan disease"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following converts Pri-miRNA to pre-mi RNA","input":"Choices: ['Dicer', 'Drosha', 'RISC', 'Exonuclease']","output":"Drosha"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is not true about water quality estimation -","input":"Choices: ['Chlostridium spores indicate recent contamination', 'Not more than 5% samples should have coliforms', 'Sodium thiosulfate added to neutralize chlorine', 'Coliforms must not be detected in 100 ml sample']","output":"Chlostridium spores indicate recent contamination"} +{"instruction":"SIDA functions for","input":"Choices: ['Leprosy', 'TB', 'Blindness', 'Agriculture']","output":"TB"} +{"instruction":"Drug of choice in nocturnal enuresis is","input":"Choices: ['Imipramine', 'Diazepam', 'Amoxapine', 'Reboxetine']","output":"Imipramine"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following drugs for moderate-to-severe psoriasis inhibits both IL-12 and IL23?","input":"Choices: ['Alefacept', 'Efalizumab', 'Ustekinumab', 'Abatacept']","output":"Ustekinumab"} +{"instruction":"Sensory fibers from the taste buds in the hard and soft palate travel along -","input":"Choices: ['Trigeminal nerve', 'Facial nerve', 'Glossopharyngeal nerve', 'Vagus nerve']","output":"Facial nerve"} +{"instruction":"Depigmenting agent of choice in in treatment of dermatological disorders is -","input":"Choices: ['Hydroquinone', 'Zinc', 'Kojic acid', 'Azelaic acid']","output":"Hydroquinone"} +{"instruction":"All are contraindications of diaphragm except:","input":"Choices: ['Multiple sex paners', 'Recurrent UTI', 'Uterine prolapse', 'Herpes vaginalis']","output":"Multiple sex paners"} +{"instruction":"Most abundant extracellular ion is?","input":"Choices: ['Calcium', 'Potassium', 'Sodium', 'Chloride']","output":"Sodium"} +{"instruction":"Commonest fracture in elderly with fall on outstretched hand is ?","input":"Choices: [\"Colle's fracture\", 'Bennets fracture', 'Galazzie fracture', 'Monteggia fracture']","output":"Colle's fracture"} +{"instruction":"Triad of leukoerythroblastosis, tear drop erythrocytes and large platelets is seen in","input":"Choices: ['Essential thrombocytosis', 'Primary myelofibrosis', 'Myelodysplastic syndrome', 'Langerhan cell histiocytosis']","output":"Primary myelofibrosis"} +{"instruction":"Sarcomere extends between","input":"Choices: ['A band & I band', 'Two Z lines', 'Two I bands', 'None']","output":"Two Z lines"} +{"instruction":"Genomic imprinting is seen in-","input":"Choices: ['Prader willi syndrome', 'Marfan syndrome', 'EDS', 'Osteogenesis imperfecta']","output":"Prader willi syndrome"} +{"instruction":"Males have deeper voice when compared to females because of:","input":"Choices: ['Long vocal cord', 'Increased vibration due to testosterone', 'Infrathyroid position of larynx', 'Thickened arytenoids']","output":"Long vocal cord"} +{"instruction":"Ligamentum teres is formed from :","input":"Choices: ['Umbilical Aery', 'Umbilical Vein', 'Urachus', 'Persistent vitellointestinal duct']","output":"Umbilical Vein"} +{"instruction":"Which one of the following types of stomach cancers carries the best prognosis","input":"Choices: ['Superficial spreading type', 'Ulcerative type', 'Linitis plastic atype', 'Polypoidal type']","output":"Superficial spreading type"} +{"instruction":"A 35 year old patient shows abnormal schilling test. Antibiotics were given for 5 days which results in normalization of Schilling test. What is the diagnosis of the patient?","input":"Choices: ['Bacterial overgrowth syndrome', 'Chronic pancreatitis', 'Atrophic gastritis', 'Ileocecal TB']","output":"Bacterial overgrowth syndrome"} +{"instruction":"If circumflex aery gives the posterior interventricular branch, this circulation is described as ?","input":"Choices: ['Right dominance', 'Left dominance', 'Codominance', 'Undetermined']","output":"Left dominance"} +{"instruction":"The classical lobute of the liver is centred around","input":"Choices: ['Postal vein', 'Bile duct', 'Central vein', 'Hepatic aery']","output":"Central vein"} +{"instruction":"Which is the most preferred method to manage the case of an apprehensive 7 year old child having a history of unpleasant experience with dental treatment?","input":"Choices: ['Voice control', 'Premedication', 'Desensitization', 'Postponing appointment']","output":"Desensitization"} +{"instruction":"At Primary Health Centre (PHC) level, vaccines Are stored in the -","input":"Choices: ['Cold box', 'Deep freezer', 'Ice lined refrigerator', 'Walk in cold room']","output":"Ice lined refrigerator"} +{"instruction":"Hippocampus is connected to the hypothalamus by which structure?","input":"Choices: ['Fornix', 'Mammilary bodies', 'Median forebrain bundles', 'Septal nuclei']","output":"Fornix"} +{"instruction":"Osteomyelitis can mimic which tumor?","input":"Choices: ['Osteoclastoma', 'Ewing sarcoma', 'Chondroma', 'None of above']","output":"Ewing sarcoma"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is not used for routine faecal culture","input":"Choices: ['DCA', 'MacConkey', 'Tellurite blood agar', 'Blood agar']","output":"Tellurite blood agar"} +{"instruction":"A patient with previously diagnosed lung cancer develops a large pleural effusion. The effusion is tapped and demonstrates an unusual milky white fluid that upon standing, separates into a thin white layer over a thicker clear layer. The lipid content of the fluid is high. This is most likely an example of which of the following?","input":"Choices: ['Chylous effusion', 'Exudate', 'Fibrinous pleuritis', 'Fibrous pleuritis']","output":"Chylous effusion"} +{"instruction":"Following are the features of inhibin except :","input":"Choices: ['Non steroidal water soluble protein', 'Secreted by Graafian follicle', 'Stimulates FSH secretion', 'Increased secretion of inhibin occurs in polycystic ovarian disease']","output":"Stimulates FSH secretion"} +{"instruction":"Rofecoxib was withdrawn due to:","input":"Choices: ['lschemic hea disease', 'Renal complication', 'Liver adenoma', 'Gastric ulcer']","output":"lschemic hea disease"} +{"instruction":"A couple presents to a clinic for the work-up of infeility after 5 years of unprotected intercourse. The wife denies any medical problems and notes regular menstrual cycles. The husband states that he has had chronic sinusitis and lower respiratory tract infections. Physical examination of the woman is unremarkable. Examination of the man is remarkable for dextrocardia. Fuher work-up of the husband will most likely reveal?","input":"Choices: ['Azoospermia', 'Germinal cell aplasia', 'Immotile sperm', 'Isolated gonadotropin deficiency']","output":"Immotile sperm"} +{"instruction":"The metabolic dearrangement in congenital pyloric stenosis is","input":"Choices: ['Hypochloremic alkalosis', 'Hyperchloremic alkalosis', 'Hyperchloremic acidosis', 'Hypochloremic acidosis']","output":"Hypochloremic alkalosis"} +{"instruction":"Volkmann's ischaemic contracture mostly involves","input":"Choices: ['Felxor digitorum superficialis', 'Pronator teres', 'Flexor digitorum profundus', 'Flexor c arpi radialis longus']","output":"Flexor digitorum profundus"} +{"instruction":"I.R.I.S. is:","input":"Choices: ['Immune reconstitution idiopathic syndrome', 'Immune reconstitution immunological syndrome', 'Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome', 'Inflammatory reconstitution immune syndrome']","output":"Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome"} +{"instruction":"True about MEN-Ia) ↑ VMA in urineb) ↑ Calcitoninc) Hypergastrinemiad) Hyperprolactinaemiae) ↓ Ca2+","input":"Choices: ['abc', 'ad', 'bc', 'acd']","output":"acd"} +{"instruction":"Commonest site of occurrence of chondroblastoma","input":"Choices: ['Pelvis', 'Femur', 'Ribs', 'Proximal tibia']","output":"Proximal tibia"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is not associated with streptococcus-","input":"Choices: ['Rheumatic fever', 'Scarlet fever', 'Acute G.N.', 'Scalded skin syndrome']","output":"Scalded skin syndrome"} +{"instruction":"Dependant viscera sign is seen in?","input":"Choices: ['Diaphragmatic rupture', 'Fracture Bronchus', 'Pneumoperitoneum', 'Diaphragmatic hernia']","output":"Diaphragmatic rupture"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following Vitamins is being used in Optic Neuritis?","input":"Choices: ['Vitamin A', 'Vitamin B', 'Vitamin D', 'Vitamin C']","output":"Vitamin C"} +{"instruction":"Albumin treatment along with antibiotic in the setting of SBP(spontaneous bacterial peritonitis) is indicated to prevent the development of hepatorenal syndrome is in all , EXCEPT:","input":"Choices: ['Serum creatine is > 1 mg\/dl', 'BUN > 30mg\/dl', 'Total bilirubin is > 4 mg\/dl', 'INR > 2']","output":"INR > 2"} +{"instruction":"Inhaled forgein body usually lodges in the:","input":"Choices: ['Apex of right lung', 'Lower lobe of right lung', 'Apex of left lung', 'Lower lobe of left lung']","output":"Lower lobe of right lung"} +{"instruction":"True about Conn's syndrome","input":"Choices: ['TK+', 'Proximal myopathy', 'Ted plasma rennin activity', 'Edema']","output":"Proximal myopathy"} +{"instruction":"Central muscle relaxants act by","input":"Choices: ['Decreasing muscle excitation', 'Decreasing spinal polysynaptic reflexes', 'Inhibiting spinal polysynaptic reflexes', 'Decreasing nerve conduction']","output":"Inhibiting spinal polysynaptic reflexes"} +{"instruction":"True about gene library","input":"Choices: ['Also known as chromosome', 'Library that contains books on gene', 'Computer base with all gene knowledge', 'DNA nucleotide or fragment']","output":"DNA nucleotide or fragment"} +{"instruction":"Leukotriene receptor antagonist used for bronchial asthama is","input":"Choices: ['Zafirlukast', 'Zileuton', 'Cromolyn Sodium', 'Aminophylline']","output":"Zafirlukast"} +{"instruction":"Action of vincristine -","input":"Choices: ['Tubulin inhibitor', 'Antimetabolite', 'Adenylate cyclase inhibitor', 'Anti folate']","output":"Tubulin inhibitor"} +{"instruction":"Longest pa of optic nerve ?","input":"Choices: ['Intraocular', 'Intracranial', 'Intraorbital', 'Intracranial']","output":"Intraorbital"} +{"instruction":"According to the WHO criteria, anaemia in infants of 6 months age is defined as Hb less than –","input":"Choices: ['100 gm\/litre', '105 gin\/litre', '110 gm\/litre', '115 gm\/litre']","output":"110 gm\/litre"} +{"instruction":"Lingual arch technique was given by:","input":"Choices: ['Kurz', 'Pierre fauchard.', 'Andrew', 'Angle.']","output":"Kurz"} +{"instruction":"Glucocorticoids act in inflammation by:","input":"Choices: ['↓Lipocortin', '↑ IL-2', '↑Lipocortin', '↑ CRP']","output":"↑Lipocortin"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is not the branch of maxillary branch of external carotid aery","input":"Choices: ['Inferior alveolar', 'Middle meningeal', 'Posterior tympanic', 'Anterior tympanic']","output":"Posterior tympanic"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following tests is most sensitive for detecting early diabetic nephropathy","input":"Choices: ['Serum Creatinine', 'Creatinine clearance', 'Microalbuminuria', 'Ultra sonography']","output":"Microalbuminuria"} +{"instruction":"A 2 year old child presents with scattered lesions in the skull. Biopsy revealed Langerhans giant cells. The most commonly associated marker with this condition will be","input":"Choices: ['CD 1a', 'CD 57', 'CD 3', 'CD 68']","output":"CD 1a"} +{"instruction":"Miyagawa body is characteristically seen in","input":"Choices: ['Kala azar', 'Syphilis', 'Granuloma inguinale', 'LGV']","output":"LGV"} +{"instruction":"Subacture combined degeneration of cord is caused due to deficiency of -","input":"Choices: ['Vitamin B1', 'Vitamin B5', 'Vitamin B6', 'Vitamin B12']","output":"Vitamin B12"} +{"instruction":"Which artery supplying stomach traverses pancreatoduodenal region-","input":"Choices: ['Right gastroepiploic artery', 'Left gastroepiploic artery', 'Right gastric artery', 'Short gastric arteries']","output":"Right gastroepiploic artery"} +{"instruction":"Immersion syndrome is also called as -","input":"Choices: ['Hydrocution', 'Wet drowning', 'Dry drowning', 'Secondary drowning']","output":"Hydrocution"} +{"instruction":"Three glass urine test with first glass specimen of urine showing threads is diagnosis of","input":"Choices: ['Urethritis', 'Prostatitis', 'Cystitis', 'Epididymitis']","output":"Urethritis"} +{"instruction":"\"EMA-CO regimen\" is useful in Rx of","input":"Choices: ['Metastatic breast cancer', 'Advanced endometrial sarcoma', 'Gestational trophoblastic neoplasia', 'Ovarian tumor with peritoneal implants']","output":"Gestational trophoblastic neoplasia"} +{"instruction":"The following drugs are used for prophylaxis of migraine except","input":"Choices: ['Valproate', 'Topiramate', 'Meperidine', 'Metoprolol']","output":"Meperidine"} +{"instruction":"All are true about diabetic ketoacidosis except?","input":"Choices: ['Raging thirst', 'It is an early presentation in type 1 DM', 'Sodium Nitroprusside test is done to detect ketones', 'Serum bicarbonate > 15 mmol\/L']","output":"Serum bicarbonate > 15 mmol\/L"} +{"instruction":"Beta-adrenoceptor blocking agent that should be avoided in patients with renal failure is ?","input":"Choices: ['Atenolol', 'Metoprolol', 'Propranolol', 'Esmolol']","output":"Atenolol"} +{"instruction":"Nerve which recovers faster after injury","input":"Choices: ['Motor', 'Sensory', 'Sympathetic', 'Parasympathetic']","output":"Motor"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following test is unable to differentiate between &;in situ&; breast cancer and invasive disease","input":"Choices: ['Core needly biopsy', 'FNAC', 'Excisional biopsy', 'None']","output":"FNAC"} +{"instruction":"A person with recurrent oral ulcers with yellow base , erythematous surrounding & nodules in extensor aspect of legs. Diagnosis is","input":"Choices: [\"Behcet's syndrome\", 'Pemphigus', 'Herpes genitalis', 'Fixed drug eruption']","output":"Behcet's syndrome"} +{"instruction":"Effective dose in radiation at 2 m, is 1 gray ; At 1 m, it will be","input":"Choices: ['0.25', '0.5', '2', '4']","output":"4"} +{"instruction":"The triad of 'saturnine gout' + hypeension + renal failure is seen in?","input":"Choices: ['Diabetic nephropathy with hyporeninemic hypoaldosteronism', 'Lead nephropathy', 'Sickle cell nephropathy', 'Aristolochic acid nephropathy']","output":"Lead nephropathy"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following drugs require dose adjustment in renal failure -","input":"Choices: ['Cefoperazone', 'Doxycycline', 'Streptomycin', 'Rifampicin']","output":"Streptomycin"} +{"instruction":"Regarding Lichen Planus all are true, except :","input":"Choices: ['Hypopigmentation in most residual disease', 'Lymphatic infiltration in supradermal layer', 'Itchy polygonal, purple papule', 'Skin, hair and oral mucosa commonly involved']","output":"Hypopigmentation in most residual disease"} +{"instruction":"Patch testing is done for :","input":"Choices: ['Atopic dermatitis', 'Irritant contact dermatitis', 'Allergic contact dermatitis', 'Discoid eczema']","output":"Allergic contact dermatitis"} +{"instruction":"Bile solubility is used","input":"Choices: ['Differentiation of staphylococcus from streptococcus', 'Differentiation of group B streptococci from other streptococci', 'Differentiation of pneumococci from streptococci', 'Differentiation of streptococci from neisseria']","output":"Differentiation of pneumococci from streptococci"} +{"instruction":"Type of necrosis in pancreatitis-","input":"Choices: ['Fibrinoid', 'Coagulative', 'Fat', 'Caseous']","output":"Fat"} +{"instruction":"All are constituents of soda lime except","input":"Choices: ['Ca(OH)2', 'Ba(OH)2', 'Silica', 'Moisture']","output":"Ba(OH)2"} +{"instruction":"Most common cause of chronic pancreatitis","input":"Choices: ['Gall stones', 'Tropical pancreatitics', 'Pancreas divisium', 'Alcohol']","output":"Alcohol"} +{"instruction":"In inversion of foot plantar surface faces","input":"Choices: ['Lateral', 'Medial', 'Superiorly', 'Inferiorly']","output":"Medial"} +{"instruction":"Drug of choice for a case of uncomplicated cystitis -","input":"Choices: ['Amoxicillin', 'Chloramphenicol', 'Cotrimoxazole', 'Fosfomycin']","output":"Fosfomycin"} +{"instruction":"All of the following are true of pulmonary embolism except:","input":"Choices: ['Sudden onset of pleuritic pain and hemoptysis and hypotension.', 'ECG shows evidence of acute left ventricular stress.', 'Pulmonary angiography is gold standard', 'CTPA is imaging modality of choice']","output":"ECG shows evidence of acute left ventricular stress."} +{"instruction":"Which is not a feature of Downs syndrome","input":"Choices: ['Clinodactyly', 'Pigmented bih marks', 'Hypotonia', 'Respiratory tract Infections']","output":"Pigmented bih marks"} +{"instruction":"Kelly's medium is used in the isolation of ?","input":"Choices: ['Leptospira', 'Borrelia', 'Baonella', 'Brucella']","output":"Borrelia"} +{"instruction":"Mebendazole used in all EXCEPT","input":"Choices: ['Borrellia recurrentis', 'Giardia lamblia', 'Treponema vincetti', 'Gardenella infections']","output":"Borrellia recurrentis"} +{"instruction":"Eligible couple means","input":"Choices: ['A couple having 2 living children', 'A couple having given bih to 2 children, irrespective of their survival status', 'A couple with wife aged 15-45 yrs', 'A couple who is ready for sterilization']","output":"A couple with wife aged 15-45 yrs"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following clotting factor is not involved in intrinsic pathway?","input":"Choices: ['Factor XII', 'Factor XI', 'Factor IX', 'Factor VII']","output":"Factor VII"} +{"instruction":"Not true about urethral injuries is -","input":"Choices: ['Catheterize the pt. immediately', 'Can be associated with fracture pelvis', 'Bladder injury is associated with post urethral injuries', 'Blood at the external urethral meatus is an imp feature']","output":"Catheterize the pt. immediately"} +{"instruction":"Metastatic calcification of the gastrointestinal tract commonly affects the mucosa of:","input":"Choices: ['Stomach', 'Esophagus', 'Ileum', 'Rectum']","output":"Stomach"} +{"instruction":"High-risk factor for gestational hypeension include all except:","input":"Choices: ['BP 150\\\\\/100 mm of Hg', 'Gestation age < 30 weeks', 'IUGR', 'Polyhydramnios']","output":"Polyhydramnios"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following regarding Maternal Moality Rate (MMR) is not TRUE?","input":"Choices: ['Numerator includes total number of female deaths within 42 days of delivery', 'Denominator includes still bihs and aboions', 'It is expressed as a rate and not ratio', 'It is expressed per 1000']","output":"Denominator includes still bihs and aboions"} +{"instruction":"Desert rheumatism is caused by","input":"Choices: ['Coccidiodes', 'Paracoccidiodes', 'Blastomyces', 'Histoplasma']","output":"Coccidiodes"} +{"instruction":"Not seen in hypervitaminosis","input":"Choices: ['Alopecia', 'Polyuria', 'Pseudo tumor cerebri', 'Hyperostosis']","output":"Hyperostosis"} +{"instruction":"X-ray sign of pneumoperitoneum is","input":"Choices: ['Seagull sign', 'Prehn sign', \"Rigler's sign\", \"Golden 'S' sign\"]","output":"Rigler's sign"} +{"instruction":"A newborn baby presents with h\/o seizures, hepatomegaly and following feature was noted on ophthalmic examination. Most probable diagnosis is","input":"Choices: ['Deficiency of Galactokinase', 'Deficiency of Galactose 1 phosphate Uridly transferase', 'Deficiency of Ceruloplasmin', 'Maternal exposure of X - ray in Antenatal period']","output":"Deficiency of Galactose 1 phosphate Uridly transferase"} +{"instruction":"A 14-year-old boy has difficulty in expressing himself in writing and makes frequent spelling mistakes, does not follow instructions and cannot wait for his turn while playing a game. He is likely to be suffering from","input":"Choices: ['Mental retardation', 'Lack of interest in studies', 'Specific learning disability', 'Examination anxiety']","output":"Specific learning disability"} +{"instruction":"Which is most dangerous for transmitting plague -","input":"Choices: ['Blocked flea', 'Paial blocked flea', 'Both', 'Unblocked flea']","output":"Paial blocked flea"} +{"instruction":"Compared with a normally shaped placenta, which complication of third-stage labor is more common with a succenturiate lobe?","input":"Choices: ['Cord avulsion', 'Uterine inversion', 'Chorioamnionitis', 'Retained placenta']","output":"Retained placenta"} +{"instruction":"An old diabetic male presented with rapidly spreading infection of the external auditory canal with involvement of the bone and presence of granulation tissue. The drug of choice for this condition is:","input":"Choices: ['Ciprofloxacin', 'Penicillin', 'Second generation cephalosporin', 'Aminoglycosides']","output":"Penicillin"} +{"instruction":"Increased intraocular tension is seen in all except:","input":"Choices: ['Epidemic dropsy', 'Branch retinal vein occlusion', 'Malignant melanoma', 'Phthisis bulbi']","output":"Phthisis bulbi"} +{"instruction":"Person at night looks at the window and frightens. Wife switches the light on and turns out That window cover is having a shape like a man.","input":"Choices: ['Illusion', 'Hallucination', 'emotion', 'Loosening of association']","output":"Illusion"} +{"instruction":"Size of the bur for preparing lingual rest seat for an RPD","input":"Choices: ['1\/10th inch', '1\/4th inch', '1\/2 inch', '1 inch']","output":"1\/4th inch"} +{"instruction":"Bilateral balanced occlusion is:","input":"Choices: ['Balance in working lateral and protrusive contacts', 'Balance in lateral contacts only', 'Balance in working, balancing and protrusive contacts', 'Balance in protrusive contacts only']","output":"Balance in working, balancing and protrusive contacts"} +{"instruction":"Pungent volatile anaesthetic agents are – a) Halothaneb) Isofluranec) Sevofluraned) Desfluranee) N2O","input":"Choices: ['c', 'd', 'bd', 'ac']","output":"bd"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following drug is active selectively against Anaerobic and Microaerophilic organisms ?","input":"Choices: ['Clindamycin', 'Tetracycline', 'Metronidazole', 'Aminoglycosides']","output":"Metronidazole"} +{"instruction":"Standard in perimetry ?","input":"Choices: ['Goldman type I', 'Goldman type II', 'Goldman type III', 'Goldman type IV']","output":"Goldman type III"} +{"instruction":"A patient was on DVT prophylaxis. All of the following has perforators which connect superficial veins to the deep veins, except?","input":"Choices: ['Ankle', 'Below the inguinal ligament', 'Mid calf', 'Lower thigh']","output":"Below the inguinal ligament"} +{"instruction":"All of the following features can differentiate between ventricular tachycardia and supraventricular tachycardia except-","input":"Choices: ['QRs < 0.14 seconds', 'Ventricular rate >160\/min', 'Variable first hea sound', 'Relieved by carotid sinus massage']","output":"Ventricular rate >160\/min"} +{"instruction":"A patient with salicylic acid poisoning has the following arterial blood gas analysis report: pH is 7.12 , PCO2 is 18 mm Hg HCO3– is 12 mmol\/L. The resulting acid-base abnormality can be best labelled","input":"Choices: ['Metabolic acidosis with respiratory alkalosis', 'Metabolic acidosis with respiratory acidosis', 'Respiratory acidosis with metabolic alkalosis', 'Metabolic acidosis']","output":"Metabolic acidosis with respiratory alkalosis"} +{"instruction":"Gas used in retinal temponade-","input":"Choices: ['SF6', 'Ethylene oxide', 'Nitrous oxide', 'CO2']","output":"SF6"} +{"instruction":"Radiographic angulation recommended by the IADT:","input":"Choices: ['90° horizontal angle with the central beam through the tooth', 'Occlusal view', 'Lateral view from the medial or distal aspect of the tooth', 'All of the above']","output":"All of the above"} +{"instruction":"Colic generally disappear by age -","input":"Choices: ['1 year', '2 years', '4 months', '8 months']","output":"4 months"} +{"instruction":"The minimum age of the given x-ray is:","input":"Choices: ['12 years', '14 years', '16 years', '18 years']","output":"18 years"} +{"instruction":"Analysis done for expenditure of large proportion for small number and vice versa -","input":"Choices: ['ABC analysis', 'SUS analysis', 'HML analysis', 'VED analysis']","output":"ABC analysis"} +{"instruction":"Dense metaphyseal band is seen on:","input":"Choices: ['Hypervitamininosis A', 'Hypervitaminosis B', 'Scurvy', 'Hypervitaminosis D']","output":"Hypervitaminosis D"} +{"instruction":"A 60-year-old man is rushed to the hospital with acute liver failure. He undergoes successful ohotopic liver transplantation; however, the transplanted liver does not produce much bile for the first 3 days. Poor graft function in this patient is thought to be the result of \"reperfusion injury.\" Which of the following substances was the most likely cause of reperfusion injury in this patient's transplanted liver?","input":"Choices: ['Cationic proteins', 'Free ferric iron', 'Hydrochlorous acid', 'Reactive oxygen species']","output":"Reactive oxygen species"} +{"instruction":"Least common site involvement in psoriasis is:","input":"Choices: ['Scalp involvement', 'Nail involvement', 'CNS involvement', 'Arthritis']","output":"CNS involvement"} +{"instruction":"Corneal endothelium is embryologically derived from the following structure:","input":"Choices: ['Neural crest', 'Ectoderm', 'Mesoderm', 'Endoderm']","output":"Neural crest"} +{"instruction":"SSPE (subacute sclerosing panencephalitis) is associated with -","input":"Choices: ['Mumps', 'Chickenpox', 'Herpes', 'Measles']","output":"Measles"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is abdominal angiitis","input":"Choices: ['Giant cell arteritis', 'Takayasu arteritis', 'Kawasaki disease', 'Polyarteritis nodosa']","output":"Takayasu arteritis"} +{"instruction":"Middle finger dermatome is-","input":"Choices: ['C5', 'C7', 'C4', 'C2']","output":"C7"} +{"instruction":"Drug of choice for chlamydial infection in pregnancy is:","input":"Choices: ['Doxycycline', 'Tetracycline', 'Erythromycin', 'Ciprofloxacin']","output":"Erythromycin"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is included in definition of Nephrotic syndrome -a) Microalbuminuriab) Massive Proteinuriac) Microscopic haematuriad) Oedemae) Hyperlipidemia","input":"Choices: ['bde', 'ade', 'ace', 'bce']","output":"bde"} +{"instruction":"Ram Devi presented with generalized edema sweating and flushing tachycardia and fever after bee sting. This is -","input":"Choices: ['T cell mediated cytotoxicity', 'IgE mediated reaction', 'IgG mediated reaction', 'IgA mediated hypersensitivity reaction']","output":"IgE mediated reaction"} +{"instruction":"Best material for below inguinal aerial graft is:","input":"Choices: ['Saphenous vein graft (Upside-down)', 'PTFE', 'Dacron', 'Teflon']","output":"Saphenous vein graft (Upside-down)"} +{"instruction":"What is the most probable poal of entry of Aspergillus?","input":"Choices: ['Puncture wound', 'Blood', 'Lungs', 'Gastrointestinal tract']","output":"Lungs"} +{"instruction":"A contact carrier in cholera has the following characteristic -","input":"Choices: ['Gall bladder is infected', 'Stools are not positive for cholera vibrio', 'Does not play any role in spread of infection', 'Duration of carrier state is less than 10 days']","output":"Duration of carrier state is less than 10 days"} +{"instruction":"Only definitive indication of systemic steroids in psoriasis is?","input":"Choices: ['Pustular psoriasis', 'Pregnancy associated pustular psoriasis', 'Chronic plaque psoriasis', 'Erythroderma']","output":"Pregnancy associated pustular psoriasis"} +{"instruction":"Amantidine acts by action of-","input":"Choices: ['Inhibiting replication', 'Inhibits mRNA', 'Inhibits tRNA', 'Inhibits RNA']","output":"Inhibiting replication"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is not a GnRH agonist?","input":"Choices: ['Leuprolide', 'Nafarelin', 'Ganirelix', 'Busurelin']","output":"Ganirelix"} +{"instruction":"In which of the following, a 'coeur en sabot'\/ boot shaped hea is seen: March 2011","input":"Choices: ['Tricuspid atresia', 'Ventricular septal defect', 'Transposition of great aeries', 'Tetralogy of Fallo']","output":"Tetralogy of Fallo"} +{"instruction":"A 52 year old female came to OPD with dysphagia, hea burn and pain in joints of her fingers. She mentions that her fingers and toes turns blue on exposure to cold. Physical examination reveals thickened skin of her fingers and tender, painful small lumps under skin of flexor surface of hand, some of which drain white chalky substance. what is the clinical diagnosis?","input":"Choices: ['Systemic lupus erythematosus', 'Sjogren Syndrome', 'CREST syndrome', 'Mikulicz syndrome']","output":"CREST syndrome"} +{"instruction":"A 32-year-old woman with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and chronic renal failure manifests rapidly progressive weakness. On physical examination, she appears pale and has slightly yellow sclerae and an enlarged spleen. Blood tests reveal severe anemia and mild, mostly unconjugated, hyperbilirubinemia. Coombs test is positive at 37 C but negative at 0-4 C. This patient developed anemia because of?","input":"Choices: ['Bone marrow aplasia', 'IgG directed against red blood cells', 'IgM directed against red blood cells', 'Renal failure']","output":"IgG directed against red blood cells"} +{"instruction":"Marker for pancreatic non-functional neuro endocrine tumor (PNET) is?","input":"Choices: ['Chromogranin-A', 'CD100', 'CEA', 'PSA']","output":"Chromogranin-A"} +{"instruction":"All of the following are true about Meig's syndrome except -","input":"Choices: ['Seen with ovarian fibroma', \"Pleural effusion and ascites seen in patients with Meig's syndrome\", 'Ascites is caused due to lymphatic dysplasia', 'Ascites and pleural effusion does not require treatment.']","output":"Ascites is caused due to lymphatic dysplasia"} +{"instruction":"Heriditory spherocytosis is caused by","input":"Choices: ['Spectrin deficiency', 'Hb deficiency', 'Incresed sodium levels', 'Increased calcium levels']","output":"Spectrin deficiency"} +{"instruction":"Aoic dissection is associated with","input":"Choices: ['Systemic hypeension', 'Coarctation of Aoa', 'In 1\" trimester of pregnancy', \"Takayasu's aeritis\"]","output":"Systemic hypeension"} +{"instruction":"`NALGONDA technique' is used in -","input":"Choices: ['Endemic-fluorosis', 'Epidemic-dropsy', 'Endemic-ascites', 'Ncurolathyrisin']","output":"Endemic-fluorosis"} +{"instruction":"True regarding perineal body are all except","input":"Choices: ['Perineal body intervenes between posterior vaginal wall and anal canal', 'Bulbocavernosus converges on it superficially', 'Pubococcygeus forms deeper relation', 'External anal sphincter lies in deep relation with respect to perineal body.']","output":"External anal sphincter lies in deep relation with respect to perineal body."} +{"instruction":"A 31-year-old female patient complains of B\/L impairment of hearing for the past 5 years. Audio- gram shows a B\/L conductive deafness. Impedance audiometry is given below. All constitute part of treatment except:","input":"Choices: ['Hearing aid', 'Stapedectomy', 'Sodium fluoride', 'Gentamicin']","output":"Gentamicin"} +{"instruction":"Cause to effect progression is seen in all except ?","input":"Choices: ['Case control study', 'Ecological study', 'Coho study', 'Randomized control trial']","output":"Case control study"} +{"instruction":"Rule of Hasse is used to determine :","input":"Choices: ['The age of fetus', 'Height of an adult', 'Race of a person', 'Identification']","output":"The age of fetus"} +{"instruction":"Level of Hardness if the value is 50-150 mg\/L ?","input":"Choices: ['Soft water', 'Moderately hard water', 'Hard water', 'Very hard water']","output":"Moderately hard water"} +{"instruction":"In radiographic study of impacted teeth:","input":"Choices: ['Bite wing X-rays are of no use', 'Occlusal view is useless', 'Bite wing X-rays are indispensable', 'All of the above']","output":"Bite wing X-rays are of no use"} +{"instruction":"Nephrotic syndrome is characterized by:","input":"Choices: ['Proteinuria', 'Oedema', 'Serum albumin <30 gm\/L', 'All of the above']","output":"All of the above"} +{"instruction":"Acute hyponatremia becomes symptomatic at","input":"Choices: ['<135 mEq', '<125 mEq', '<120 mEq', '<115 mEq']","output":"<125 mEq"} +{"instruction":"True about anticonvulsants: (PGI Nov 2009)","input":"Choices: ['Carbamazepine safe in pregnancy', 'Lamotrigine is safe', 'Monotherapy is recommended', 'Newer drugs are safe']","output":"Monotherapy is recommended"} +{"instruction":"Optical coherence tomography is akin to in vivo:","input":"Choices: ['Histopathology', 'Ultrasonic biomicroscopy', 'Confocal microscopy', 'Roentgen examination']","output":"Histopathology"} +{"instruction":"Gray hepatization of lungs is seen on day ?","input":"Choices: ['1', '3-Feb', '5-Mar', '7-May']","output":"7-May"} +{"instruction":"Thyroid peroxidase will help in all the following except:","input":"Choices: ['Iodide trapping', 'Iodide to iodine', 'Binding thyroglobulin', 'Secretion of thyroglobulin into colloid']","output":"Iodide trapping"} +{"instruction":"Water hammer pulse is seen in","input":"Choices: ['Mitral stenosis', 'Aortic stenosis', 'Aortic incompetence', 'Myocardial infarction']","output":"Aortic incompetence"} +{"instruction":"Botulinum toxin acts on:","input":"Choices: ['Inhibition of release of neurotransmitter', 'Post synaptic block', 'At synapse', 'Reuptake inhibitor']","output":"Inhibition of release of neurotransmitter"} +{"instruction":"Ventricular ectopic beats represented by -","input":"Choices: ['Irregular RR interval', 'Incomplete compensatory pause', 'A.V. dissociation', 'Presence of fusion beat']","output":"Irregular RR interval"} +{"instruction":"Esophagus is present in which mediastinum ?","input":"Choices: ['Anterior', 'Posterior', 'Middle', 'None']","output":"Posterior"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following metabolic pathways does not generate ATP ?","input":"Choices: ['Glycolysis', 'TCA Cycle', 'Fatty Acid Oxidation', 'HMP Pathway']","output":"HMP Pathway"} +{"instruction":"A 7-year-old boy presents with bilateral swelling around his eyes. His parents state that the child's eyes have become \"puffy\" over the past several weeks, and his urine has become cocoa-colored. Physical examination reveals bilateral periorbital edema, but peripheral edema is not found. The boy is afebrile and his blood pressure is slightly elevated. A urinary dipstick reveals mild proteinuria, while microscopic examination of the boy's urine reveals hematuria with red blood cell casts. Laboratory tests reveal increased ASO titers and decreased serum C3 levels, but C2 and C4 levels are normal. A throat swab for streptococci is negative. A microscopic section from the kidney reveals increased numbers of cells within the glomeruli. An electron microscopic section of the kidney reveals large electron-dense deposits in the glomeruli that are located between the basement membrane and the podocytes. The foot processes of the podocytes are otherwise unremarkable. Which one of the following renal diseases most likely produced the abnormalities in this young boy?","input":"Choices: ['Acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis', 'Focal segmental glomerulonephritis', 'Membranous glomerulonephritis', 'Minimal change disease']","output":"Acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis"} +{"instruction":"The cause of systemic secondary insult to injured brain include all of the following except :","input":"Choices: ['Hypercapnia', 'Hypoxaemia', 'Hypotension', 'Hypothermia']","output":"Hypothermia"} +{"instruction":"Which among the following is the drug of choice for iridocyclitis?","input":"Choices: ['Atropine', 'Steroid', 'Pilocarpine', 'Timolol']","output":"Atropine"} +{"instruction":"Necrotizing papillitis is a feature in all of the following conditions except -","input":"Choices: ['Sickle cell disease', 'Tuberculous pyelonephritis', 'Diabetes mellitus', 'Analgesic nephropathy']","output":"Tuberculous pyelonephritis"} +{"instruction":"Non invasive test for H.pylori -a) Rapid urease testb) Urease breath testc) Stool antigen assayd) Stomach aspiration culturee) Biopsy","input":"Choices: ['a', 'c', 'bc', 'ad']","output":"bc"} +{"instruction":"Cystic compressible, translucent swelling in the posterior triangle of neck:-","input":"Choices: ['Cystic hygroma', 'Branchial cyst', 'Thyroglossal cyst', 'Dermoid cyst']","output":"Cystic hygroma"} +{"instruction":"The thickness of the cornea is measured by using –","input":"Choices: ['Schiotz tonometer', 'Keratometer', 'Pachymeter', 'Aesthesiometer']","output":"Pachymeter"} +{"instruction":"Role of sodium fluoride as a preservative for blood in viscera packing are all except","input":"Choices: ['It prevents glycolysis', 'Acts as anti-coagulant', 'Inhibits bacterial growth', 'Inhibits enolase enzyme']","output":"Acts as anti-coagulant"} +{"instruction":"All of the following form the boundaries of the digastric triangle except","input":"Choices: ['Anterior belly of digastric', 'Posterior belly of digastric', 'Superior belly of omohyoid', 'Mylohyoid']","output":"Superior belly of omohyoid"} +{"instruction":"A physician decides to discontinue or not to use extraordinary life sustaining measures to prolong his patients life. It is known as?","input":"Choices: ['Active euthanasia', 'Passive euthanasia', 'Positive euthanasia', 'Assisted Suicide']","output":"Passive euthanasia"} +{"instruction":"All of the following structures forms the border of Quadrangular space, EXCEPT:","input":"Choices: ['Teres major', 'Teres minor', 'Pectoralis minor', 'Long head of the triceps brachii muscle']","output":"Pectoralis minor"} +{"instruction":"Incidence of most common malignant tumours in women is","input":"Choices: ['Breast', 'Lung', 'Cervix', 'Ovary']","output":"Breast"} +{"instruction":"Patient with gluten sensitive enteropathy has a lifelong background of periodic crops of intensely pruritic, grouped, papular or vesicular lesions on the elbows, knees, sacrum and shoulders. Since the vesicles are intensely pruritic, the patient regularly scratches the top off them, which relieves pruritis. What is the most probable diagnosis","input":"Choices: ['Bullous pemphigoid', 'Dermatitis herpetiformis', 'Herpes simplex 1', 'Pemphigus vulgaris']","output":"Dermatitis herpetiformis"} +{"instruction":"All of the following drugs cause hemolysis in patient with G-6-PD deficiency except","input":"Choices: ['Primaquine', 'Chloroquine', 'Quinine', 'Atropine']","output":"Atropine"} +{"instruction":"A 6 year old child has a DQ of 50. Which of the following can the child do?","input":"Choices: ['Identifies 5 colors', 'Speaks sho sentences', 'Ride a bicycle', 'Copy a triangle']","output":"Speaks sho sentences"} +{"instruction":"who gave the repression as a defence mechanism","input":"Choices: ['seligman', 'freud', 'lorenz', 'adler']","output":"freud"} +{"instruction":"A 5-year old girl presents with hypeension and virilization. There is also finding of hypokalemia what is the diagnosis-","input":"Choices: ['21-hydroxylase deficiency', '3-13 hydroxy steroid deficeicny', '11-13 hydroxylase deficeincy', \"Conn's disease\"]","output":"11-13 hydroxylase deficeincy"} +{"instruction":"A 41 - year - old woman presented with a history of aches and pains all over the body and generalized weakness for four years. She cannot sleep because of the illness and has lost her appetite as well. She has lack of interest in work and doesn't like to meet friends and relatives. She denies feelings of sadness. Her most likely diagnosis is:","input":"Choices: ['Somatoform pain disorder', 'Major depression', 'Somatization disorder', 'Dissociative disorder']","output":"Major depression"} +{"instruction":"For the following statements, select whether it is applicable to any or all of the below medications.Inhibition of angiotensin converting enzyme I (ACE I)","input":"Choices: ['hydralazine', 'enalapril', 'spironolactone', 'metoprolol']","output":"enalapril"} +{"instruction":"Mad Cow disease (Bovine Spongioform Encephalopathy) is similar in man to","input":"Choices: ['Alzeimeris Disease', 'Creutzfeldt Jakob Disease', \"Huntington's chorea\", 'Picks Disease']","output":"Creutzfeldt Jakob Disease"} +{"instruction":"Thickest cranial nerve is-","input":"Choices: ['Trochlear nerve', 'Vagus', 'Facial nerve', 'Trigeminal nerve']","output":"Trigeminal nerve"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following can be used for obtaining specimen for isolation of microorganism in laboratory diagnosis:","input":"Choices: ['Meningococcal rash', 'Blood in staphylococcal food poisoning', 'Throat swab in Rheumatic fever', 'Blood in post-streptococcal GN']","output":"Meningococcal rash"} +{"instruction":"The roof of the olfactory region is formed by ?","input":"Choices: ['Nasal bone', 'Cribriform plate of ethmoid', 'Sphenoid', 'Temporal bone']","output":"Cribriform plate of ethmoid"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is supplied by the third crania] nerve ?","input":"Choices: ['Superior oblique', 'Inferior oblique', 'Lateral rectus', 'Dilator papillae']","output":"Inferior oblique"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is a characteristic feature of protective epithelium?","input":"Choices: ['Regeneration of membrane', 'Microvilli', 'Absorptive propeies', 'Secretory vesicles']","output":"Regeneration of membrane"} +{"instruction":"Oedipus complex (given by Sigmund Freud) is seen in -","input":"Choices: ['Boys of 1 - 3 years of age', 'Girls of 1 - 3 years of age', 'Boys of 3 - 5 years of age', 'Girls of 3 - 5 years of age']","output":"Boys of 3 - 5 years of age"} +{"instruction":"During pregnancy, fibroid may have all of the following complications except: March 2009","input":"Choices: ['Metastasis', 'Pain', 'Post paum hemorrhage', 'Preterm labour']","output":"Metastasis"} +{"instruction":"23-year-old medical student complaint of feeling \"worried.\" He fears failing his clinical exam because he feels nervous about presenting a case and performing physical examination in front of examiners. He would skip bedside teaching when it would be his turn to present a case in front of his classmates and tutors. He worries about criticism from his classmates and tutor. The most likely diagnosis is?","input":"Choices: ['Normal shyness', 'Panic disorder', 'Generalized anxiety disorder', 'Social phobia']","output":"Social phobia"} +{"instruction":"The names Brechner and Bethune are associated with which of the following devices?","input":"Choices: ['Precordial Doppler', 'Transesophageal echocardiography', 'Plethysmography', 'End tidal capnography']","output":"End tidal capnography"} +{"instruction":"All of the following diseases are caused by Epstein Barr virus except:","input":"Choices: ['Measles', 'Hodgkins lymphoma', 'Infectious mononucleosis', 'Nasopharyngeal carcinoma']","output":"Measles"} +{"instruction":"Histone proteins are rich in which of the following amino acids?","input":"Choices: ['Histidine and lysine', 'Lysine and Arginine', 'Arginine and Histidine', 'Histidine and Valine']","output":"Lysine and Arginine"} +{"instruction":"Factors that have been associated with an increased incidence of head and neck carcinomas include all of the following except","input":"Choices: ['Syphilis', 'Hepatitis B virus', 'Exposure to nickel', 'Alcohol consumption']","output":"Hepatitis B virus"} +{"instruction":"2 months old child having bih weight 2kg, with poor feeding, very sleepy and wheezing. The diagnosis is -","input":"Choices: ['No pneumonia', 'Sever pneumonia', 'Very severe disease', 'None']","output":"Very severe disease"} +{"instruction":"You are evaluating the laboratory results of a patient on oral contraceptive pills. Use of the birth control pill decreases which of the following?","input":"Choices: ['Glucose tolerance', 'Binding globulins', 'High-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol', 'Triglycerides']","output":"Glucose tolerance"} +{"instruction":"Carboxylation is governed by","input":"Choices: ['Biotin', 'Niacin', 'Thiamine', 'Pyridoxine']","output":"Biotin"} +{"instruction":"false regarding neoplasms of the ovary are:","input":"Choices: ['Stromal invasion is commonly present in ovarian tumours of borderline malignancy', 'Lymphocytic infiltration is characteristic to dysgerminoma', 'Presence of ascites and pleural effusion in Brenner tumour indicates poor prognosis', 'Endometrioid carcinoma of the ovary may coexist with endometrial adenocarcinoma']","output":"Stromal invasion is commonly present in ovarian tumours of borderline malignancy"} +{"instruction":"Femoral pulsation can be best felt at:","input":"Choices: ['Below and medial to pubic tubercle', 'Near Anterior superior Iliac Spine', 'Mid point of inguinal ligament', 'Mid-inguinal point']","output":"Mid-inguinal point"} +{"instruction":"Eclampsia is a complication of","input":"Choices: ['Anaemia complicating Pregnancy', 'Diabetes complicating Pregnancy', 'Hypeensive complicating Pregnancy', 'Cardiac disease complicating Pregnancy']","output":"Hypeensive complicating Pregnancy"} +{"instruction":"Mercury affects which pa of the kidney -","input":"Choices: ['PCT', 'DCT', 'Collecting duct', 'Loop of Henle']","output":"PCT"} +{"instruction":"Most impoant feature of psoriasis?","input":"Choices: ['Crusting', 'Scaling', 'Oozing', 'Erythema']","output":"Scaling"} +{"instruction":"All are components of Behaviour sciences except -","input":"Choices: ['Political Sciences', 'Anthropology', 'Sociology', 'Psychology']","output":"Political Sciences"} +{"instruction":"Increasing severity of mental retardation of male members over generations is a result of -","input":"Choices: ['Mitochondrial DNA mutation', 'Frameshift mutation', 'Y linked disorder', 'Trinucleotide repeat mutation']","output":"Trinucleotide repeat mutation"} +{"instruction":"Epigenetic deals with genetic modifications that do not alter the sequence of DNA. All of the following can detect epigenetic modification except:","input":"Choices: ['HPLC', 'Methylation specific PCR', 'Bisulphite method', 'ChIP on Chip']","output":"HPLC"} +{"instruction":"In future replacement of questionable mandibular teeth is anticipated, the major connector of choice is:","input":"Choices: ['Lingual bar.', 'Lingual plate.', 'Sublingual bar.', 'Sublingual plate.']","output":"Lingual plate."} +{"instruction":"Botulism characterised by a) Seizure b) Fever c) Ascending paralysis d) Descending symmetrical paralysis e) Blurring of vision","input":"Choices: ['abc', 'bd', 'cde', 'de']","output":"de"} +{"instruction":"A 54-year-old man presents to his primary care provider with dyspnea and a cough. He is a non- smoker with no relevant occupational exposures. His pulmonary function test results are as follows. What can be the most probable diagnosis? Pre-Bronchodilator (BD)Post - BDTestActualPredicted% PredictedActual% ChangeFVC (L)3.194.22764.0025FEV1 (L)2.183.39642.8330FEV1\/FVC (%)6880 714","input":"Choices: ['Normal.', 'Moderate Airflow Obstruction.', 'Severe Airflow Obstruction.', 'Restrictive Lung Disease.']","output":"Moderate Airflow Obstruction."} +{"instruction":"Most common cause of death in measles ?","input":"Choices: ['Encephalitis', 'Meningitis', 'Dehydration', 'Pneumonia']","output":"Pneumonia"} +{"instruction":"In hypogonadotropic hypogonadism?","input":"Choices: ['Both LH and FSH decreased', 'Both LH and FSH increased', 'LH increased and FSH decreased', 'LH decreased and FSH increased']","output":"Both LH and FSH decreased"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following causes maximum hearing loss?","input":"Choices: ['Complete obstruction of ear canal', 'Perforation of tympanic membrane', 'Ossicular interruption with intact tympanic membrane', 'Ossicular interruption with perforation']","output":"Ossicular interruption with intact tympanic membrane"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following drug is used in MI?","input":"Choices: ['Cocaine', 'Pethidine', 'Morphine', 'Butrophanol']","output":"Morphine"} +{"instruction":"finger nail hypoplasia is a complication of","input":"Choices: ['carbamezipine', 'olanzapine', 'lithium', 'risperidone']","output":"carbamezipine"} +{"instruction":"All of the following heart sounds are heard in chronic mitral stenosis except?","input":"Choices: ['Mid diastolic murmur', 'Third heart sound', 'Opening snap', 'Loud S1']","output":"Third heart sound"} +{"instruction":"Reverse Transcriptase is -","input":"Choices: ['DNA polymerase', 'DNA dependant RNA polymerase', 'RNA dependant DNA polymerase', 'None']","output":"RNA dependant DNA polymerase"} +{"instruction":"Ghon complex of the lung usually","input":"Choices: ['Undergoes cavitation', 'Undergoes calcification', 'Progresses to tuberculous pneumonia', 'Progresses to military tuberculosis']","output":"Undergoes calcification"} +{"instruction":"a1-antitrypsin deficiency chromosome is located on chromosome.. ?","input":"Choices: ['10', '14', '17', '11']","output":"14"} +{"instruction":"All are parts of vulva except -","input":"Choices: ['Labiaminora', 'Labia majora', 'Perineal body', 'Clitoris']","output":"Perineal body"} +{"instruction":"Diagnostic test of choice for neurosyphilis is -","input":"Choices: ['VDRL', 'FTA-ABS', 'TPI', 'RPR']","output":"VDRL"} +{"instruction":"A schizophrenic patient shows abnormal back and forth movements of hands, diagnosis -","input":"Choices: ['Catatonic schizophrenia', 'Paranoid schizophrenia', 'Disorganized schizophrenia', 'Undifferentiated schizophrenia']","output":"Catatonic schizophrenia"} +{"instruction":"Primary hyperaldosteronism can be diagnosed by all of the following criteria except:","input":"Choices: ['Diastolic hypertension without edema', 'Metabolic acidosis present', 'Low plasma rennin activity that is not stimulated by volume depletion', 'Hyperaldosteronism which is not suppressed by volume expansion.']","output":"Metabolic acidosis present"} +{"instruction":"Meiosis occurs in human - males in","input":"Choices: ['Epididymis', 'Scaniniferous tubules', 'Vas deferens', 'Seminal vesides']","output":"Scaniniferous tubules"} +{"instruction":"Antibodies against double stranded DNA and smooth muscle antigens are virtually diagnostic of:","input":"Choices: ['Systemic sclerosis', 'Systemic Lupus Erythematosus', \"Sjogren's disease\", \"Wegener's granulomatosis\"]","output":"Systemic Lupus Erythematosus"} +{"instruction":"An 83-year-old man complains that for the last few weeks he has had a bleeding lesion on his chest that seems to be growing rapidly. The lesion is shown below. What is the single most likely diagnosis?","input":"Choices: ['Basal cell carcinoma', 'Malignant melanoma', 'Seborrheic keratosis', 'Squamous cell carcinoma']","output":"Squamous cell carcinoma"} +{"instruction":"A patient following head injury was admitted in intensive care ward with signs of raised intracranial pressure. He was put on a ventilator and started on intravenous fluids and diuretics. Twenty-four hours later his urine output was 3.5 litres, serum sodium 156 mEq\/I and serum osmolarity of 316 mOsm\/kg. The most likely diagnosis based on these parameters is -","input":"Choices: ['High output due to diuretics', 'Diabetes insipidus', 'Too much infusion of normal saline', 'Cerebral salt retaining syndrome']","output":"High output due to diuretics"} +{"instruction":"Best immediate management of hyperkalemia includes all except?","input":"Choices: ['Calcium gluconate', 'Insulin drip', 'Salbutamol nebulization', 'MgSO4']","output":"MgSO4"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is not a complication of TPN?","input":"Choices: ['Hepatic steaosis', 'Renal failure', 'Decreased bone density', 'Septic venous thrombosis']","output":"Decreased bone density"} +{"instruction":"Dosage of Vitamin-A for children between 1-3 years-","input":"Choices: ['12501U', '1333 IU', '1667 IU', '2333 IU']","output":"1333 IU"} +{"instruction":"Cherry red spot found in –a) Gangliosidosisb) Retinopathy of prematurityc) Tay– Sach\\'s diseased) Gaucher's diseasee) Retinal detachment","input":"Choices: ['abc', 'acd', 'bc', 'bde']","output":"acd"} +{"instruction":"Carbon monoxide poisoning causes","input":"Choices: ['Hypoxic hypoxia', 'Oxygen dissociation curve shifts to left', 'Cyanosis', 'Diffusion capacity of lungs decreases']","output":"Oxygen dissociation curve shifts to left"} +{"instruction":"A 40 year old lady is diagnosed to have brain tumor in frontal lobe. The lesion is characterized by focal necrosis surrounded by ring like enhancement","input":"Choices: ['Glioblastoma multiforme', 'Oligodendroglioma', 'Ependymoma', 'Astrocytoma']","output":"Glioblastoma multiforme"} +{"instruction":"Streak ovaries are seen in: CMC (Vellore) 09","input":"Choices: ['Klinefelter syndrome', 'Turner syndrome', 'Down syndrome', 'Kallamann syndrome']","output":"Turner syndrome"} +{"instruction":"True about iron deficiency anemia in children ?","input":"Choices: ['Iron absorption from terminal ileum', 'Cow milk contain less iron than breast milk', 'Serum ferritin depletes first', 'All']","output":"Serum ferritin depletes first"} +{"instruction":"Chediak Higashi syndrome is characterized by following except -","input":"Choices: ['Is autosomal recessive disorder', 'Mutation in LYST gene', 'Effective phagolysosome formation.', 'Oculocutaneous albinism']","output":"Effective phagolysosome formation."} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is not an RNA virus -","input":"Choices: ['Ebola', 'Simian 40', 'Rabies', 'Vesicular stomatitis virus']","output":"Simian 40"} +{"instruction":"Most common bony tumour of middle ear is:","input":"Choices: ['Adeno carcinoma', 'Squamous cell carcinoma', 'Glomus tumour', 'Acoustic neuroma']","output":"Squamous cell carcinoma"} +{"instruction":"Which is a common metabolic process in human as well as bacteria","input":"Choices: ['Purine synthesis', 'Nitrogen fixation', 'Mucolipid formation', 'Nonoxidative photophosphorylation']","output":"Purine synthesis"} +{"instruction":"True about vibrio vulnificus ?","input":"Choices: ['Causes diarrhea commonly', 'Halophilic', 'Drug of choice is penicillin', 'Produces shiga toxin']","output":"Halophilic"} +{"instruction":"Fascia over the posterior triangle is pierced by:","input":"Choices: ['Spinal accessory nerve', 'Suprascapular nerve', 'External jugular vein', 'Internal jugular vein']","output":"External jugular vein"} +{"instruction":"The term universal tumor refers to:","input":"Choices: ['Adenoma', 'Papilloma', 'Fibroma', 'Lipoma']","output":"Lipoma"} +{"instruction":"Movements taking place during abduction of shoulder joint are all except:","input":"Choices: ['Medial rotation of scapula', 'Axial rotation of humerus at acromioclavicular joint', 'Elevation of humerus', 'Movements at clavicular end of sternoclavicular joint']","output":"Medial rotation of scapula"} +{"instruction":"Pro-inflammatory cytokine is","input":"Choices: ['IL-1', 'IL-10', 'IL-4', 'IL-13']","output":"IL-1"} +{"instruction":"A 45 year old female patient presents with symptoms of easy bruisability and frequent headaches. Physical examination show a moderate splenomegaly. Blood counts shows a normal leucocyte count and a platelet count of 1000 × 103\/ cu mm. The leucocyte alkaline phosphatase score is normal. Which one of the following is the drug of choice for the treatment of this patient?a) Hydroxyureab) Radioactive phosphorusc) Anagrelided) Interferon alpha","input":"Choices: ['cd', 'bc', 'bd', 'ac']","output":"cd"} +{"instruction":"Women undergoing infertility treatment are advised to avoid NSAIDs in preovulatory period because","input":"Choices: ['Prostaglandins contribute to ovulation', 'NSAIDs inhibit LH surge', 'NSAIDs cause premature rupture of follicle', 'NSAIDs like aspirin cause endometrial shedding.']","output":"Prostaglandins contribute to ovulation"} +{"instruction":"Which component transfers four protons:","input":"Choices: ['NADH-Q Oxidoreductase', 'Cytochrome -C oxidase', 'Cytochrome C - Q oxidoredictase', 'Isocitrate Dehydrogenase']","output":"NADH-Q Oxidoreductase"} +{"instruction":"Which vitamin is required for glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase?","input":"Choices: ['Riboflavin', 'Thiamine', 'Niacin', 'Biotin']","output":"Niacin"} +{"instruction":"True about internal thoracic artery is-","input":"Choices: ['Arises from 1st part of subclavian artery', 'Pericardiophrenic is a terminal branch', 'Divides in the 4th intercostal space', 'Descends at posterior end of intercostal space']","output":"Arises from 1st part of subclavian artery"} +{"instruction":"The first instrument to extirpate pulp is","input":"Choices: ['Barbed broach', 'K-type file', 'Reamer', 'H-type file']","output":"K-type file"} +{"instruction":"Most common site of osteogenic sarcoma is -","input":"Choices: ['Femur, upper end', 'Femur, lower end', 'Tibia, upper', 'Tibia, lower end']","output":"Femur, lower end"} +{"instruction":"As blood passes through the tissues, all of the following actions occur EXCEPT that","input":"Choices: ['Bicarbonate concentration of blood decreases', 'The affinity of hemoglobin for 02 decreases', 'The ability of hemoglobin to bind C02 increases', 'The ability of hemoglobin to bind H increases']","output":"Bicarbonate concentration of blood decreases"} +{"instruction":"All of the following may lead to corneal opacity in newborn except","input":"Choices: ['Endothelial dystrophy', 'Sclerocornea', 'Mucopolysaccharidosis', 'Droplet keratopathy']","output":"Droplet keratopathy"} +{"instruction":"A patient with ruptured spleen is taken for laparotomy. His blood pressure is 80\/50 and hea rate is 125\/min.Induction agent of choice for this patient is","input":"Choices: ['Sodium thiopentone', 'Fentanyl', 'Ketamine', 'Halothane']","output":"Ketamine"} +{"instruction":"The double bond in cholesterol structure is found in","input":"Choices: ['Ring D', 'Ring C', 'Ring B', 'Ring A']","output":"Ring B"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is NOT a feature of male bony pelvis?","input":"Choices: ['Hea shaped pelvic inlet', 'Narrow and deep false pelvis', 'Subpubic angle of 90 to 100 degree', 'Long and narrow sacrum with abruptly curved pelvic surface']","output":"Subpubic angle of 90 to 100 degree"} +{"instruction":"Following tarsal bone is devoid of muscular attachment","input":"Choices: ['Talus', 'Navicular', 'Cuboid', 'Medial cuneiform']","output":"Talus"} +{"instruction":"Absorption of which of the following anti–malarial drug increases with food intake ?","input":"Choices: ['Mefloquine', 'Lumefantrine', 'Chloroquine', 'Amodiaquine']","output":"Lumefantrine"} +{"instruction":"Carcinoma right colon is most commonly of which type -","input":"Choices: ['Stenosing', 'Ulcerative', 'Tubular', 'Fungating']","output":"Fungating"} +{"instruction":"IFN - α is secreted by","input":"Choices: ['Leucocytes', 'Fibroblasts', 'TH Cells', 'Tc Cells']","output":"Leucocytes"} +{"instruction":"The clinical diagnosis of the patient is?","input":"Choices: ['Ranula', 'Cystic Hygroma', 'Erythroplakia', 'Epulis']","output":"Ranula"} +{"instruction":"Newborns as compared to adults eliminate lidocaine:","input":"Choices: ['More rapidly', 'More slowly', 'Variable', 'Equally fast']","output":"More slowly"} +{"instruction":"Revised strategy for NPCB includes all except ?","input":"Choices: ['Fixed facility surgery', 'TOL implantation for cataract', 'Mobile surgical camps', 'Uniform distribution']","output":"Mobile surgical camps"} +{"instruction":"Zasko's phenomenon is seen during","input":"Choices: ['Rigor mois', 'Decomposition', 'Primary relaxation', 'Secondary relaxation']","output":"Primary relaxation"} +{"instruction":"Common carotid aery bifurcation is at","input":"Choices: ['Thyroid cailage', 'Cricord cailage', 'C7', 'T2']","output":"Thyroid cailage"} +{"instruction":"Lesion is Alzheimer's disease are commonest at","input":"Choices: ['Aniygdala', 'Nucleus of Meynes', 'Pineal gland', 'Prefrontal sulcus']","output":"Nucleus of Meynes"} +{"instruction":"Rain drop appearance is seen in which poisoning:","input":"Choices: ['Arsenic', 'Lead', 'Mg', 'Tin']","output":"Arsenic"} +{"instruction":"In a case of incontinence of urine, dye filled into the urinary bladder does not stain the pad in the vagina, yet the pad is soaked with clear urine. Most likely diagnosis is:","input":"Choices: ['VVF', 'Ureterovaginal fistula', 'Urinary stress incontinence', 'Urethero-vaginal fistula']","output":"Ureterovaginal fistula"} +{"instruction":"Macerated foetus indicates :","input":"Choices: ['Dead born', 'Still born', 'Live born', 'lUGR']","output":"Dead born"} +{"instruction":"Swan neck deformity is seen in ?","input":"Choices: ['Osteoahritis', 'Rheumatoid ahritis', 'Psoriatic ahritis', 'Gout']","output":"Rheumatoid ahritis"} +{"instruction":"Sin of Gomorrah is also known as?","input":"Choices: ['Anal coitus', 'Oral coitus', 'Lesbianism', 'Bestiality']","output":"Oral coitus"} +{"instruction":"Indicate the drug which does not improve lower esophageal sphincter tone or prevent gastroesophageal reflux, but is used as the first line treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease :","input":"Choices: ['Sodium alginate + aluminium hydroxide gel', 'Omeprazole', 'Mosapride', 'Metoclopramide']","output":"Omeprazole"} +{"instruction":"True about varicella vaccine is-","input":"Choices: ['Poorly immunogenic', 'Duration 4-6 months', 'Avoid salicylates for 4-6 weeks', 'Given to child < 12 months when they do not have chicken pox']","output":"Avoid salicylates for 4-6 weeks"} +{"instruction":"In Fanconi Anaemia:","input":"Choices: ['Autosomal dominant', 'Chromosomal breakage studies by DEB and Mitomycin C', 'Commonly occurs in old age', 'Hypercellular Marrow']","output":"Chromosomal breakage studies by DEB and Mitomycin C"} +{"instruction":"A 31-year-old woman has new-onset headaches and blood pressure elevation. She also notices that the symptoms come episodically and consist of palpitations, headache, anxiety, and marked blood pressure elevation. She undergoes a workup for secondary causes of hypertension, and is found to have elevated free catecholamines in her urine.For the patient with systemic disease, select the typical cardiovascular involvement","input":"Choices: ['focal myocardial necrosis', 'proximal aortitis', 'endothelial plaques', 'systolic scratchy sound']","output":"focal myocardial necrosis"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is not a feature of Chronic Renal Failure?","input":"Choices: ['Hyperparathyroidism', 'Osteomalacia', 'Hypehyroidism', 'Decreased 1, 25(OH)2 vitamin D3 level']","output":"Hypehyroidism"} +{"instruction":"The clinical sign of hyaline membrane disease generally first appears -","input":"Choices: ['In the first 6 hours of life', 'Between 12 and 24 hours of life', 'Between 36 and 48 hours of life', 'After 48 hours of lilfe']","output":"In the first 6 hours of life"} +{"instruction":"A young patient of 30 yrs male presents with recurrent hemoptysis. On X-Ray no abnormality is seen. Next investigation is.","input":"Choices: ['HRCT', 'Spiral CT', 'Helical CT', 'Bronchoscopy']","output":"Bronchoscopy"} +{"instruction":"Phobia is -a) Psychosisb) Anxietyc) Fear of animald) Neurosis","input":"Choices: ['c', 'bd', 'ab', 'ac']","output":"bd"} +{"instruction":"Medical management of insulinoma is","input":"Choices: ['Octreotide', 'Streptozotocin', 'Diazoxide', 'Somatomedin']","output":"Diazoxide"} +{"instruction":"A young girl presented with swelling of right thigh with history of trauma 2 months back. Now she presents with swelling at mid shaft of femur and low grade fever. ESR is midly raised. X ray shows a laminated Periosteal reaction, next line of investigation would be","input":"Choices: ['MRI', 'Biopsy', 'Bone scan', 'Blood count and CRP']","output":"MRI"} +{"instruction":"Treatment of deep transverse arrest is","input":"Choices: ['LSCS', 'Induction of labour', 'Trial of labour', 'Craniotomy']","output":"LSCS"} +{"instruction":"Most common location of hypeensive intracranial hemorrhage is: AI 06; NIMHANS 08; DNB 10; WB 11","input":"Choices: ['Subarachnoid space', 'Basal ganglia', 'Cerebellum', 'Brainstem']","output":"Basal ganglia"} +{"instruction":"Afferent sensation from the lower molar teeth is carried by:","input":"Choices: ['Facial nerve', 'Mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve', 'Maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve', 'Opthalmic branch of the trigeminal']","output":"Mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve"} +{"instruction":"The process of destroying all microbes including spores is called -","input":"Choices: ['Disinfection', 'Antisepsis', 'Disinfestation', 'Sterilization']","output":"Sterilization"} +{"instruction":"The dose of OPV, given at bih, in case of institutional deliveries is -","input":"Choices: ['Zero dose OPV', 'Initial dose', 'Primary dose', 'First dose']","output":"Zero dose OPV"} +{"instruction":"To which of the following family of chemical mediators of inflammation, the lipoxins belong -","input":"Choices: ['Kinin system', 'Cytokines', 'Chemokines', 'Arachidonic acid metabolites']","output":"Arachidonic acid metabolites"} +{"instruction":"A boy attempts suicide. He is brought to a private doctor and he is successfully cured. Doctor should-","input":"Choices: ['Inform police', 'Not required', 'Report to magistrate', 'Refer to a psychiatrist']","output":"Not required"} +{"instruction":"A 2 year old known case of RHD presents with 3 wks history of fever, hematuria and palpitation diagnosis is –","input":"Choices: ['Streptococcal endocarditis', 'Collagen vascular disease', 'Reactivation', 'Staphylococcal endocarditis']","output":"Staphylococcal endocarditis"} +{"instruction":"Botox Is used in treatment of:","input":"Choices: ['Achalasia cardia', 'Toicollid', 'Both', 'None']","output":"Both"} +{"instruction":"The proximal retention grooves for anterior 3\/4\" crown are placed","input":"Choices: ['Parallel to middle and incisal thirds', 'Parallel to long axis of tooth', 'Parallel to middle and cervical thirds', 'Parallel to cervical, middle and incisal thirds']","output":"Parallel to middle and incisal thirds"} +{"instruction":"Magnification in Indirect ophthalmoscopy –a) Depends on power of lens usedb) Depends on refractive error of patientc) Independent of refractive error of patientd) independent of power of lens used","input":"Choices: ['ac', 'a', 'ab', 'bc']","output":"ab"} +{"instruction":"True about left sided colon carcinoma -","input":"Choices: ['Anemia', 'Obstruction', 'Melena', 'Feculant vomiting']","output":"Obstruction"} +{"instruction":"An infant with a history of delayed separation of umbilical cord now presents with recurrent pneumonia. The total count is 20,000\/ml. Which of the following genetic defects is most likely present?","input":"Choices: ['Low levels of NADPH oxidase and negative DHR test', 'Mutation of Bruton tyrosine kinase gene', 'Excessive IgM with reduced IgG and IgA', 'Reduced phagocyte surface expression of Sialyl-Lewis x']","output":"Reduced phagocyte surface expression of Sialyl-Lewis x"} +{"instruction":"The amyloid protein in primary systemic amylodosis belongs to which of the following classes of fibril proteins?","input":"Choices: ['AA protein', 'AL protein', 'A beta protein precursor', 'Beta 2 microglobular protien']","output":"AL protein"} +{"instruction":"In Schizophrenia early onset with poor prognosis is seen in","input":"Choices: ['Simple', 'Hebephrenic', 'Catatonic', 'Paranoia']","output":"Hebephrenic"} +{"instruction":"Most common tumor to metastasize to brain is:","input":"Choices: ['Breast', 'Melanoma', 'Lung', 'Prostate']","output":"Lung"} +{"instruction":"Insensible daily water loss is -","input":"Choices: ['500-600 ml', '800-1000 ml', '1000-1500 ml', '2000 ml']","output":"800-1000 ml"} +{"instruction":"The stimulant drug is given to the child for -","input":"Choices: ['Conduct disorder', 'Speech developmental disorder', 'Pervasive disorder', 'ADHD']","output":"ADHD"} +{"instruction":"Iliofemoral ligament arise from -","input":"Choices: ['Ischial tuberosity', 'Anterior superior iliac spine', 'Iliopubic rami', 'Anterior inferior iliac spine']","output":"Anterior inferior iliac spine"} +{"instruction":"When gentamicin is given , its half life is 2-3 hours but it accumulates in kidney and its half life is prolonged to 53 hour. This half life is called as:","input":"Choices: ['Secondary half life', 'Terminal half life', 'Zero order half life', 'First order half life']","output":"Terminal half life"} +{"instruction":"EhlerDanlos syndrome is due to defect in?","input":"Choices: ['Elastin', 'Collagen', 'Keratin', 'Laminin']","output":"Collagen"} +{"instruction":"Two carbon atoms leave in the form of CO2 in the TCA cycle are derived from -","input":"Choices: ['Oxaloacetate', 'Acetyl CoA', 'Succinyl CoA', 'fumarate']","output":"Acetyl CoA"} +{"instruction":"After giving treatment for Syphilis, the response to treatment can be best assessed by -","input":"Choices: ['FTA- ABS', 'VDRL', 'TPHA', 'Immobilization test']","output":"VDRL"} +{"instruction":"Pinna develops from:","input":"Choices: ['1st pharyngeal arch', '1st and 3rd pharyngeal arch', '1st and 2nd pharyngeal arch', '2nd pharyngeal arch']","output":"1st and 2nd pharyngeal arch"} +{"instruction":"A 7-month-old child with failure to thrive is found to have a hemoglobin of 4.4 g\/dL. The peripheral smear shows very small red cells with marked pallor. It is determined that the child has very low levels of hemoglobin A, with elevated fractions of hemoglobin A2 and hemoglobin F. Which of the following underlying mechanisms is most likely related to the observed findings?","input":"Choices: ['Amino acid substitution on b globin', 'Antibody against fetal blood cells', 'Cytoskeletal protein defect', 'Insufficient production of b globin']","output":"Insufficient production of b globin"} +{"instruction":"IV administration of which drug is most painful among the following","input":"Choices: ['Methohexitol', 'Propofol', 'Etomidate', 'Ketamine']","output":"Propofol"} +{"instruction":"Water bottle hea is seen in -","input":"Choices: ['PDA', 'Chronic emphysema', 'Pericardial effusion', 'Constrictive pericarditis']","output":"Pericardial effusion"} +{"instruction":"A pregnant woman comes at 40 weeks gestation , her fundal height measures 34 cm. USG was done which shows the maximum veical pocket of liquor < 2cm and AFI of 3 cm. Which of the following is false regarding this case scenario ?","input":"Choices: ['Do induction if vaginal delivery is not contraindicated', 'During labour, cord compression is common in these patients', 'If cervix is unourable, immediate LSCS needs to be done', 'Strict intrapaum fetal surveillance']","output":"If cervix is unourable, immediate LSCS needs to be done"} +{"instruction":"Griesinger's sign is seen in -","input":"Choices: ['Lateral sinus thrombosis', 'Meningitis', 'Brain abscess', 'Cerebellar abscess']","output":"Lateral sinus thrombosis"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is non poisoning snake?","input":"Choices: ['Viper', 'Krait', 'Sea snake', 'Rat snake']","output":"Rat snake"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following will favour the diagnosis of RDS in newborn:","input":"Choices: ['Receipt of antenatal steroids', 'Air bronchogram in chest X-ray', 'Manifests after 6 hrs', 'Occurs after term gestation']","output":"Air bronchogram in chest X-ray"} +{"instruction":"In classical scaphoid cast position of wrist is:","input":"Choices: ['In classical scaphoid cast position of wrist is:', 'Dorsal & radial flexion', 'Ventral & ulnar flexion', 'Ventral & radial flexion.']","output":"Dorsal & radial flexion"} +{"instruction":"Best time to see a 3-year-old child in the dental office","input":"Choices: ['Early in the morning', 'Just before lunch', 'Just after Lunch', 'Any time']","output":"Early in the morning"} +{"instruction":"All are TRUE statements about talipes equinovarus, EXCEPT:","input":"Choices: ['Inversion of the foot', 'Adduction of the forefoot', 'Ahrogryposis multiplex congenita causes it', 'Treatment should sta after 3 months']","output":"Treatment should sta after 3 months"} +{"instruction":"The chest X-ray view best suites for pleural effusion detection is:","input":"Choices: ['AP view', 'PA view', 'Lateral decubitus view', 'Lateral view']","output":"Lateral decubitus view"} +{"instruction":"A ten year old boy presents to the pediatric emergency unit with seizures. Blood pressure in the upper extremity measured as 200\/140 mm Hg. Femaral pulses were not palpable. The most likely diagnosis amongst the flollowing is","input":"Choices: ['Takayasu aooaeritis', 'Renal parenchymal disease', 'Grandmal seiures', 'Coarcctation of aoa']","output":"Coarcctation of aoa"} +{"instruction":"Slow wave sleep is known as:","input":"Choices: ['REM sleep', 'NREM sleep', 'Both of the above', 'None of the above']","output":"NREM sleep"} +{"instruction":"Liver biopsy is done through 8th ICS midaxillary line to avoid -","input":"Choices: ['Lung', 'Pleural cavity', 'Subdiaphragmatic space', 'Gall bladder']","output":"Lung"} +{"instruction":"Combined oral contraceptive pills act mainly by:","input":"Choices: ['Inhibition of ovulation', 'Increased motility of fallopian tubes', 'Early transport of the sperm and ovum to the uterine cavity', 'None']","output":"Inhibition of ovulation"} +{"instruction":"In Cataract, spectacles are advised for the following a number of weeks after the operation –","input":"Choices: ['6 weeks', '10 weeks', '12 weeks', '14 weeks']","output":"6 weeks"} +{"instruction":"Fundus of stomach is supplied by which of the following aery","input":"Choices: ['Celiac aery', 'Splenic aery', 'Left gastric aery', 'Left gastroepiploic aery']","output":"Splenic aery"} +{"instruction":"A patient is found to have a rare disease in which the secretory function of the alpha-cells of the pancreas is impaired. Direct stimulation of which of the following pathways in liver will be impaired?","input":"Choices: ['Citric acid cycle', 'Glycogenesis', 'Gluconeogenesis', 'Glycolysis']","output":"Gluconeogenesis"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following factors is most impoant in the subsequent development of genital prolapse?","input":"Choices: ['Poor tissue quality', 'Chronic straining at bowel movements', 'Menopause', 'Childbih trauma']","output":"Childbih trauma"} +{"instruction":"Hot-tub folliculitis is caused by :","input":"Choices: ['Staphylococcus aureus', 'Schistosoma', 'Pseudomonas aeruginosa', 'Mycobacterium marinum']","output":"Pseudomonas aeruginosa"} +{"instruction":"Oesophageal motility disorder are best diagnosed by?","input":"Choices: ['Barium studies', 'Endoscopy', '24 hour pH monitoring', 'Manometry']","output":"Endoscopy"} +{"instruction":"Phenylketonuria is due to the deficiency of:","input":"Choices: ['Phenylalanine', 'Phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH)', 'Phenylene', 'All of these']","output":"Phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH)"} +{"instruction":"Indoor air pollution does not cause","input":"Choices: ['Chronic lung disease', 'Pregnancy problems', 'Childhood pneumonia', 'Neuro-developmental problems']","output":"Neuro-developmental problems"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following levels of fluorides in drinking water is associated with enamel fluorosis?","input":"Choices: ['0.2 ppm', '0.7 ppm', '2.5 ppm', '1.2 ppm']","output":"2.5 ppm"} +{"instruction":"All the following muscles are attached to the posterior pa of lateral surface of mastoid process except","input":"Choices: ['Posterior belly of Digastric muscle', 'Sternocleidomastoid', 'Splenius capitus', 'Longissimus capitis']","output":"Posterior belly of Digastric muscle"} +{"instruction":"All of the following are associated with pheochromocytoma except: March 2010","input":"Choices: ['Ventricular arrhythmias', 'Interstitial fibrosis', 'Hypotension', 'Ectopic ACTH production']","output":"Hypotension"} +{"instruction":"The esophagus -","input":"Choices: ['Begins at the upper border of cricoid cartilage', 'Runs a straight course throughout', 'Is narrowest at its termination', 'Is narrowest at its beginning']","output":"Is narrowest at its beginning"} +{"instruction":"Starch is considered to be less cariogenic than monosaccharides and disaccharides because it","input":"Choices: ['Does not diffuse through plaque', 'Is rapidly hydrolysed in the mouth', 'Enhances remineralisation', 'Raises the pH in the oral cavity']","output":"Does not diffuse through plaque"} +{"instruction":"The anterior pituitary is mainly composed of the following secretory cells","input":"Choices: ['Somatotrope', 'Lactotrope', 'Thyrotrope', 'Coicotrope']","output":"Somatotrope"} +{"instruction":"The number of vessels seen in the cut section of the umbilical cord are:","input":"Choices: ['One', 'Four', 'Three', 'Two']","output":"Three"} +{"instruction":"30 year old lady was on the OT and during the mastoidectomy, after having inhalational anaesthesia, suddenly developed fever, increased hea rate, raised BP, acidosis and arrythmia. What is the next best intervention?","input":"Choices: ['Dantrolene', 'Sodium bicarbonate', 'Procainamide', 'Antipyretics']","output":"Dantrolene"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following drugs will not precipitate folate deficiency?","input":"Choices: ['Alcohol', 'Chloroquine', 'Sulfasalazine', 'Phenytoin']","output":"Chloroquine"} +{"instruction":"Nerve supply of ciliary muscles for pupil accommodation is:","input":"Choices: ['Parasympathetic and sympathetic system', 'Somatosensory nucleus', 'Trigeminal nerve', 'Red Nucleus of mid brain']","output":"Trigeminal nerve"} +{"instruction":"A 55 year old male patient was diagnosed to have chronic hepatitis C. He responded to treatment with interferon. However, after one year of follow up he showed a relapse of disease. Which of the following would be the next most appropriate choice?","input":"Choices: ['Ribavarin and interferon', 'Lamivudine and interferon', 'Nevirapine and lamivudine', 'Indinavir and ribavarin.']","output":"Ribavarin and interferon"} +{"instruction":"Earliest diagnosis of pregnancy can be established safely by:(AIIMS May 2015, November 2013)","input":"Choices: ['USG for fetal cardiac activity', 'Fetal cardiac Doppler study', 'hCG levels', 'MRI pelvis']","output":"hCG levels"} +{"instruction":"Post dural (Spinal) puncture headache is due to :","input":"Choices: ['Seepage of CSF', 'Fine needle', 'Toxic effects of the drugs', 'Traumatic damage to nerve roots']","output":"Seepage of CSF"} +{"instruction":"Man is the primary host for which poxvirus?","input":"Choices: ['Monkey pox', 'Orf', 'Tanapox', 'Molluscum contagiosum']","output":"Molluscum contagiosum"} +{"instruction":"Which one of the following is\/are used as operational indicators in antileprosy activity -","input":"Choices: ['Incidence', 'Incidence and prevalence', 'Relapse rate and case detection ratio', 'Incidence case detection ratio']","output":"Relapse rate and case detection ratio"} +{"instruction":"All of the following are radiological features of tuberculosis of spine except:","input":"Choices: ['Large paraveebral abscess', 'Marked osteoblastic response', 'Marked collapse of veebra', 'Deceased joint space']","output":"Marked osteoblastic response"} +{"instruction":"maximum fluidity of the cell membrane is due to ?","input":"Choices: ['linolenic acid', 'linoleic acid', 'palmitic acid', 'arachadonic acid']","output":"linoleic acid"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is an impoant disinfectant on account of effectively destroying gram positive and gram negative bacteria, viruses and even spores at low pH levels?","input":"Choices: ['Phenol', 'Alcohol', 'Chlorine', 'Hexachlorophene']","output":"Chlorine"} +{"instruction":"Histological benign lesion can be fatal if","input":"Choices: ['Induce organ dysfunction', 'Transform to carcinoma', 'Metastasize to different organs', 'All of the above']","output":"Transform to carcinoma"} +{"instruction":"Type I helper cells secrete:","input":"Choices: ['Interleukin-l', 'Interleukin-2', 'Interleukin-4', 'Interleukin-5']","output":"Interleukin-2"} +{"instruction":"Assessment of obesity by following measurement except","input":"Choices: ['Quetelet’s index', 'Broca index', 'Sullivan’s index', 'Corpulence index']","output":"Sullivan’s index"} +{"instruction":"Hemagglutinin (AntiA and Anti B) are which type of antibodies -","input":"Choices: ['IgG', 'Ig M', 'IgA', 'IgE']","output":"Ig M"} +{"instruction":"Framingham Hea study is an example of","input":"Choices: ['Case control study', 'Coho study', 'Cross sectional study', 'Interventional study']","output":"Coho study"} +{"instruction":"Cementogenesis begins after how many days of root end resection:","input":"Choices: ['6 days.', '10-12 days.', '28 days.', '8 weeks.']","output":"10-12 days."} +{"instruction":"Which of the following conditions are assoiciated with pauci - immune crescenteric glomerulonephritis:","input":"Choices: ['Henoch - Schonlein Nephritis', 'Lupus Nephritis (SLE)', 'Microscopic polyangitis', \"Nephritis in Alpo's syndrome\"]","output":"Microscopic polyangitis"} +{"instruction":"The disease associated with hepatitis C virus -","input":"Choices: ['Leprosy', 'Lichen planus', 'Psoriasis', 'Vitiligo']","output":"Lichen planus"} +{"instruction":"A most common cause of intestinal obstruction is?","input":"Choices: ['Ileocaecal tuberculosis', 'Carcinoma colon', 'Intussusception', 'Adhesions']","output":"Adhesions"} +{"instruction":"Which MRI sequence is called as Tractography?","input":"Choices: ['DWI', 'SWI', 'DTI', 'FLAIR']","output":"DTI"} +{"instruction":"Absolute contraindications to the use of combined oral contraceptives include the following, except :","input":"Choices: ['Porphyria', 'Cerebral haemorrhage', 'Previous herpes genitalis', 'Past history of trophoblastic disease']","output":"Previous herpes genitalis"} +{"instruction":"Complication commonly occurring in tracheostomy in children is: March 2004","input":"Choices: ['Stenosis', 'Difficult decanulation', 'Difficult weaning', 'Infection']","output":"Difficult decanulation"} +{"instruction":"B12 is needed in which step of folate synthesis","input":"Choices: ['Tetrahydrofolate to folinic acid', 'Methyl tetrahydrofolate to tetrahydrofolate', 'Formyl tetrahydrofolate to tetrahydrofolate', 'Methylene tetrahydrofolate to methyltetrahydrofolate']","output":"Methyl tetrahydrofolate to tetrahydrofolate"} +{"instruction":"All of the following hereditary conditions predispose to CNS tumors, except","input":"Choices: ['Neurofibromatosis 1 & 2', 'Tuberous sclerosis', 'Von-Hippel-Lindau syndrome', 'Xeroderma pigmentosum']","output":"Xeroderma pigmentosum"} +{"instruction":"An 84-year-old man with a lengthy history of smoking survived a small myocardial infarction 2 years ago. He now reports chest and leg pain during exercise. On physical examination, his vital signs are temperature, 37.1deg C; pulse, 81\/min; respirations, 15\/min; and blood pressure, 165\/100 mm Hg. Peripheral pulses are poor in the lower extremities. There is a 7-cm pulsating mass in the midline of the lower abdomen. Laboratory studies include two fasting serum glucose measurements of 170 mg\/dL and 200 mg\/dL. Which of the following vascular lesions is most likely to be present in this patient?","input":"Choices: ['Aortic dissection', 'Arteriovenous fistula', 'Atherosclerotic aneurysm', 'Polyarteritis nodosa']","output":"Atherosclerotic aneurysm"} +{"instruction":"Most common tumour due to radiation arises from -","input":"Choices: ['Lung', 'Liver', 'Bone marrow', 'Breast']","output":"Bone marrow"} +{"instruction":"Snow banking is typically seen in","input":"Choices: ['Pars palnitis', 'Endophthalmitis', \"Coat's disease\", \"Eale's disease\"]","output":"Pars palnitis"} +{"instruction":"who introduced antipsychotic chlorpromazine","input":"Choices: ['delay and denniker', 'john f cade', 'maslow', 'erik erikson']","output":"delay and denniker"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is used in the management of prolcatinoma: September 2011","input":"Choices: ['Reserpine', 'Methyldopa', 'Bromocriptine', 'Metoclopramide']","output":"Bromocriptine"} +{"instruction":"Flu like symptoms followed by radiographic evidence of consolidation in lung in a non - smoker is due to:","input":"Choices: ['Klebsiella', 'Staph aureus', 'Streptococcus', 'Pseudomonas']","output":"Staph aureus"} +{"instruction":"Hereditary retinoblastoma develop from the following chromosomal deletions","input":"Choices: ['13q 14', '13 p 14', '14 p 13', '14 q 13']","output":"13q 14"} +{"instruction":"Anti-tubercular drug not given in children < 6 years age is","input":"Choices: ['Ethambutol', 'Isoniazid', 'Streptomycin', 'Rifampicin']","output":"Ethambutol"} +{"instruction":"Green coloured urine seen in: (PGI June 2007)","input":"Choices: ['Kerosene', 'Organophosphorus poisoning', 'Carbolic acid', 'Paracetamol']","output":"Carbolic acid"} +{"instruction":"Kinky hair disease is a disorder where an affected child has peculiar white stubby hair, does not grow, brain degeneration is seen and dies by age of two years. Mrs A is hesitant about having children because her two sisters had sons who had died form kinky hair disease. Her mother's brother also died of the same condition. Which of the following is the possible mode of inheritance in her family -","input":"Choices: ['X-linked recessive', 'X-linked dominant', 'Autosomal recessive', 'Autosomal dominant']","output":"X-linked recessive"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is NOT a somatic symptom:","input":"Choices: ['Anhedonia', 'Constipation', 'Impotence', 'Numbness']","output":"Anhedonia"} +{"instruction":"Posthumous bih is;","input":"Choices: ['Child born after death of father', 'After death of mother during delivery', 'After death of both parents', 'None']","output":"Child born after death of father"} +{"instruction":"QRS duration greater than 0.16 seconds is seen in?","input":"Choices: ['Bundle branch block', 'Sick sinus syndrome', 'Mobitz 1', 'Mobitz 2']","output":"Bundle branch block"} +{"instruction":"In which of the following type of osteogenesis imperfecta, 90% of newborn die before 4 weeks of age?","input":"Choices: ['Type I', 'Type II', 'Type III', 'Type IV']","output":"Type II"} +{"instruction":"True about Mafenide :","input":"Choices: ['Can penetrate eschars', \"Doesn't cause burning sensation when applied to raw surface\", 'Can be used orally', 'May cause metabolic acidosis']","output":"May cause metabolic acidosis"} +{"instruction":"Function of lymphatics","input":"Choices: ['Increases oncotic pressure', 'Carries protein', 'lmmunocompetent cells', 'All']","output":"Carries protein"} +{"instruction":"Nongonococcal urethritis is caused by:","input":"Choices: ['Chlamydia', 'LGV', 'Syphilis', 'Gardnerella vaginalis']","output":"Chlamydia"} +{"instruction":"Which is ssrna unenvloped virus -","input":"Choices: ['HBV', 'HEV', 'I-ICV', 'None']","output":"HEV"} +{"instruction":"A 3-year-old male child presents with multiple laryngeal papillomas with hoarse voice and slight airway distress. Papillomas are involving the glottis. The best treatment is:","input":"Choices: ['Tracheostomy and observation', 'Steroids', 'Interferon therapy', 'Microlaryngoscopy and excision']","output":"Microlaryngoscopy and excision"} +{"instruction":"Brain natriuretic peptide is degraded by-","input":"Choices: ['Neutral endopeptidase', 'Elastase', 'Collagenase', 'Ompatrilat']","output":"Neutral endopeptidase"} +{"instruction":"All of the following statements about Insulinoma are true Except:","input":"Choices: [\"Most commonly found in 'Pancreas'\", 'Usually Benign', 'Usually multiple', 'Derived from Beta cells']","output":"Usually multiple"} +{"instruction":"The following drain in IVC except:","input":"Choices: ['Right testicular vein', 'Left testicular vein', 'Right renal vein', 'Left renal vein']","output":"Left testicular vein"} +{"instruction":"Torsade-de-pointes is caused by -","input":"Choices: ['Hypermagnesemia', 'Metabolic acidosis', 'Hypomagnesemia', 'Metabolic alkalosis']","output":"Hypomagnesemia"} +{"instruction":"The most common complication seen in a hiatus hernia is","input":"Choices: ['Esophagitis', 'Aspiration pneumonitis', 'Volvulus', 'Esophageal stricture']","output":"Esophagitis"} +{"instruction":"Antidepressant, which is selective 5HT reuptake inhibitor is:","input":"Choices: ['Fluoxetine', 'Imipramine', 'Desipramine', 'Amitriptyline']","output":"Fluoxetine"} +{"instruction":"Capsulated yeast among the following -","input":"Choices: ['Histoplasma', 'Candida', 'Cryptococcus', 'Sporothrix']","output":"Cryptococcus"} +{"instruction":"Vertebrate reservoir of Japanese encephalitis is:","input":"Choices: ['Rat', 'Pig', 'Horse', 'Monkey']","output":"Pig"} +{"instruction":"Endophthalmitis involves inflammation of all of the following, Except -","input":"Choices: ['Sclera', 'Uvea', 'Retina', 'Vitreous']","output":"Sclera"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following liver disorders is a complication associated with oral contraceptives?","input":"Choices: ['Drug-induced hepatitis with fatty change', 'Cholangiocarcinoma', 'Cavernous hemangiomas', 'Intrahepatic cholestasis']","output":"Intrahepatic cholestasis"} +{"instruction":"Pseudokidney sign' on USG is seen in","input":"Choices: ['Trichobezoar', 'CA stomach', 'CA kidney', 'Polycystic kidney']","output":"CA stomach"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is Pan leukocyte marker","input":"Choices: ['CD19', 'CD3', 'CD45', 'CD45 RO']","output":"CD45"} +{"instruction":"Choose the best Lab value for a patient with central diabetes insipidus- Urinary Osmolality & Serum Osmolality","input":"Choices: ['50 300', '500 260', '50 260', '500 100']","output":"50 300"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is toxic to parasite -","input":"Choices: ['Peroxidase', 'Interferon', 'IL-2', 'IL-6']","output":"Peroxidase"} +{"instruction":"Inclusion bodies of vaccinia are known as -","input":"Choices: ['Guarnieri bodies', 'Negri bodies', 'Asteroid bodies', 'Schuffner dots']","output":"Guarnieri bodies"} +{"instruction":"Which is not a high energy molecule?","input":"Choices: ['ATP', 'Carbamoyl phosphate', 'Glucose-6-phosphate', 'Arginine phosphate']","output":"Glucose-6-phosphate"} +{"instruction":"A patient presents 12 hours following a Myocardial infarction. Which of the following enzymes will be elevated at this period -","input":"Choices: ['Lactate dehydrogenase', 'Serum glutamate oxaloacetate Transferase', 'Creatinine phosphokinase', 'Myoglobin']","output":"Creatinine phosphokinase"} +{"instruction":"Thiopentone is used for induction anaesthesia, because it is –","input":"Choices: ['Smooth induction', 'Rapidly redistributed', 'Rapid redistribution', 'easy to monitor']","output":"Smooth induction"} +{"instruction":"For the first 2hrs after delivery, the temperature should be recorded","input":"Choices: ['Every 5 mins', 'Every 15 mins', 'Every 30 mins', 'Hourly']","output":"Every 15 mins"} +{"instruction":"A 30 year old female epileptic on phenytoin, developed weakness and fatigue. Blood examination revealed Hb = 4.6 gm. MCV = 102 fl and MCH = 40 pg\/dl. What is the most probable diagnosis","input":"Choices: ['Heart failure', 'Iron deficiency anemia', 'Phenytoin induced agranulocytosis', 'Megalobalstic anemia.']","output":"Megalobalstic anemia."} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is not true about dengue shock syndrome?","input":"Choices: ['Susceptibility to dengue shock syndrome drops considerably after 12 years of age', 'Well-nourished child is protected from the manifestation', 'Serotype 1 infection followed by serotype 2 seems to be more dangerous than serotype 4 followed by serotype 2', 'Serotype 2 infection has more chances of developing dengue shock syndrome compared to other serotypes']","output":"Well-nourished child is protected from the manifestation"} +{"instruction":"Radial Nerve injury of this type recovers with conservative management","input":"Choices: ['Neurotmesis', 'Crush injury', 'Neuropraxia', 'Chemical injury']","output":"Neuropraxia"} +{"instruction":"Rosette shaped cataract in","input":"Choices: ['Senile cataract', 'Diabetic cataract', 'Traumatic cataract', 'After cataract']","output":"Traumatic cataract"} +{"instruction":"One of the most important advantages of truly elastic impression material would be its capacity for:","input":"Choices: ['Close adaptation to soft tissues', 'With drawl without permanent distortion', 'Reproduction of surface details', 'Compatibility with gypsum products']","output":"With drawl without permanent distortion"} +{"instruction":"Fasting blood sugar levels to diagnose overt diabetes:","input":"Choices: ['106 mg\/dL', '116mg\/dL', '126 mg\/dL', '140 mg\/dL']","output":"126 mg\/dL"} +{"instruction":"A 26 year old presents with history suggestive of tuberculosis. On examination he has pleural effusion. All of the following parameters will be used for analysis of pleural fluid except?","input":"Choices: ['Gene XPE', 'LDH', 'Albumin', 'ADA']","output":"Albumin"} +{"instruction":"Not seen in children -","input":"Choices: ['Neuroblastoma', 'Retinoblastoma', 'Hepatoblastoma', 'Seminoma']","output":"Seminoma"} +{"instruction":"A 46-year-old woman stepped on a broken wine bottle and the sharp glass entered the posterior pa of her foot. The patient was admitted to the hospital, and a physical examination concluded that her lateral plantar nerve had been transected . Which of the following conditions will most likely be confirmed by physical examination?,","input":"Choices: ['Loss of sensation over the plantar surface of the third toe', 'Paralysis of the abductor hallucis', 'Paralysis of the interossei and adductor hallucis', 'Flexor hallucis brevis paralysis']","output":"Paralysis of the interossei and adductor hallucis"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following terms best describes a drug that blocks the action of adrenaline at its receptors by occupying those receptors without activating them?","input":"Choices: ['Pharmacologic antagonist', 'Non competitive antagonist', 'Physiologic antagonist', 'Chemical antagonist']","output":"Pharmacologic antagonist"} +{"instruction":"There has been an outbreak of food born salmonella gastroenteritis in the community and the stool samples have been received in the laboratory. Which is the enrichment medium of choice?","input":"Choices: ['Cary Blair medium', 'VR medium', 'Selenite \"F\" medium', 'Thioglycollate medium']","output":"Selenite \"F\" medium"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is not a diahrosis ?","input":"Choices: ['Elbow joint', 'Interphalangeal joint', 'Skull sutures', 'Hip joint']","output":"Skull sutures"} +{"instruction":"All are alkylating agents, except ?","input":"Choices: ['5-FU', 'Melphalan', 'Cyclophosphamide', 'Chlorambucil']","output":"5-FU"} +{"instruction":"The American dental association (ADA) specification number for non- aqueous elastomeric dental impression material is:","input":"Choices: ['19', '20', '21', '26']","output":"19"} +{"instruction":"The most common aspect in gold inlay and amalgam cavity design is","input":"Choices: ['Axiopulpal bevel', 'Gingival bevel', 'Occlusal bevel', 'Axiofacial bevel']","output":"Gingival bevel"} +{"instruction":"Perineural spread is seen in:","input":"Choices: ['Mucoepidermoid carcinoma', 'Keratoacanthoma', 'Adenoid cystic carcinoma', 'All of the above']","output":"All of the above"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following markers is specific for gastro intestinal stromal \/tumors (GIST)?","input":"Choices: ['CD 117', 'CD34', 'CD23', 'S-100']","output":"CD 117"} +{"instruction":"Penile carcinoma upto urethra stage -","input":"Choices: ['T1', 'T3', 'T4', 'T2']","output":"T3"} +{"instruction":"Regarding xenon all are true except","input":"Choices: ['Inhalational anaesthetic agent with lower blood- gas partition coefficient', 'Attains lower alveolar concentration', 'Faster induction and recovery', 'Least soluble anaesthetic agent in blood.']","output":"Attains lower alveolar concentration"} +{"instruction":"A 26-year-old female presents with 8 week amenorrhoea with pain in left lower abdomen. On USG thick endometrium with mass in lateral adnexa is visible. Diagnosis is likely to be:","input":"Choices: ['Ectopic pregnancy', 'Torsion of dermoid cyst', 'Tubo ovarian mass', 'Hydrosalpinx']","output":"Ectopic pregnancy"} +{"instruction":"True statement about ElTor vibrio is","input":"Choices: ['ElTor is more common', 'ElTor is more severe', 'ElToris associated with more carriers', 'All of the above']","output":"ElToris associated with more carriers"} +{"instruction":"Most common cause of bowel obstruction is","input":"Choices: ['Malignancy', 'Vovulus', 'Peritoneal adhesions', 'External hernia']","output":"Peritoneal adhesions"} +{"instruction":"True about following is?","input":"Choices: ['115 degree C at for 20 min', '121-degree C at for 15 min', '118-degree C at for 15 min', '124-degree C at for 15 min']","output":"121-degree C at for 15 min"} +{"instruction":"The growth phase of hair is","input":"Choices: ['Telogen', 'Anagen', 'Metagen', 'Progen']","output":"Anagen"} +{"instruction":"What does indicate in the following partograph indicators?","input":"Choices: ['Mild uterine contractions', 'Moderate uterine contractions', 'Strong uterine contractions', 'Arrest of labor']","output":"Moderate uterine contractions"} +{"instruction":"Restoration commonly recommended for cervical abrasion is","input":"Choices: ['Silicate', 'Polycarboxylate', 'Glass ionomer', 'Composites']","output":"Glass ionomer"} +{"instruction":"Alprostadil is used for","input":"Choices: ['Erectile dysfunction', 'Pulmonary hypeension', 'PDA', 'Critical limb ischemia']","output":"Erectile dysfunction"} +{"instruction":"Mental health programme was staed in?","input":"Choices: ['1982', '1987', '1990', '1995']","output":"1982"} +{"instruction":"Automated external defibrillar is used for?","input":"Choices: ['Atrial fibrillation', 'Ventricular fibrillation', 'Atrial flutter', 'Supraventricular tachycardia']","output":"Ventricular fibrillation"} +{"instruction":"Mean transformation time for HIV to AIDS is:","input":"Choices: ['7.5 years', '10 years', '15 years', '12 years']","output":"10 years"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is best for diagnosis of pheochromocytoma?","input":"Choices: ['24-hour urinary Vaniyll Mandelic acid', '24-hour urinary Fractionated Metanephrine', '24-hour Urinary Hydroxy indole acetic acid', '24-hour Urinary Hydroxy tryptamine']","output":"24-hour urinary Fractionated Metanephrine"} +{"instruction":"Fatal dose of arsenic trioxide in adults: AIIMS 14","input":"Choices: ['20-30 mg', '50-60 mg', '60-80 mg', '120-200 mg']","output":"120-200 mg"} +{"instruction":"Tidal volume in ml","input":"Choices: ['300', '400', '900', 'None']","output":"None"} +{"instruction":"Safest transplantation approach in liver disease-","input":"Choices: ['Directly transplanting embryonic stem cell in the liver', 'Transplanting donor hepatocytes into liver', 'Transplanting mesenchymal stem cell from adipose tissue to liver', 'Injecting erythropoietin into body']","output":"Transplanting mesenchymal stem cell from adipose tissue to liver"} +{"instruction":"Quellung reaction is seen in","input":"Choices: ['Group B streptococcus', 'Staphylococcus', 'Pneumococcus', 'Enterococcus']","output":"Pneumococcus"} +{"instruction":"All of the following take pa in the pathogenesis of macular edema in diabetic retinopathy except:","input":"Choices: ['Retinal pigment epithelium dysfunction', 'Oxidative stress', 'VEGF', 'Increased protein kinase-C']","output":"Retinal pigment epithelium dysfunction"} +{"instruction":"Split laceration resembles: Jharkhand 11","input":"Choices: ['Incised wound', 'Abrasion', 'Gunshot wound', 'Contusion']","output":"Incised wound"} +{"instruction":"Damage to which of the following will cause a positive Trendelenburg sign?","input":"Choices: ['Genitofemoral nerve', 'Superior gluteal nerve', 'Pudendal nerve', 'Posterior tibial nerve']","output":"Superior gluteal nerve"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following drugs can be used for ADHD in a 9-year-old boy with no medical conditions?","input":"Choices: ['Methylphenidate', 'Dexamphetamine', 'Clonidine', 'All of the above']","output":"All of the above"} +{"instruction":"A five-year-old boy with coarse facial features, mental retardation, dysostosis multiplex. Corneal clouding was not present. What is the diagnosis:","input":"Choices: ['MPS Type IV', 'Hurler disease', 'Hunter disease', \"Gaucher's disease\"]","output":"Hunter disease"} +{"instruction":"All are seronegative (spondyloepiphyseal) ahritis with ocular manifestations, except?","input":"Choices: ['Ankylospondilitis', \"Ritter's disease\", 'Rheumatoid ahritis', 'Psoriatic ahritis']","output":"Rheumatoid ahritis"} +{"instruction":"Cotton's fracture is","input":"Choices: ['Avulsion fracture of C7', 'Trimaoleolar', 'Bimalleolar', 'Burst fracture of atlas']","output":"Trimaoleolar"} +{"instruction":"The superficial retinal hemorrhage is seen in which layer of retina?","input":"Choices: ['Inner plexiform layer', 'Nerve fiber layer', 'Inner nuclear layer', 'Outer nuclear layer']","output":"Nerve fiber layer"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following diseases have incubation period < 10 days -a) Cholerab) Influenzac) Plagued) Measlese) Rubella","input":"Choices: ['ab', 'bc', 'abc', 'bcd']","output":"abc"} +{"instruction":"Not A sexually transmitted disease –","input":"Choices: ['Pinta', 'Candidiasis', 'HBV', 'Trichomonisis']","output":"Pinta"} +{"instruction":"A 5 year boy has recurrent multiple asymptomatic oval and circular faintly hypopigmented macules with fine scaling on his face. The most probable clinical diagnosis is:","input":"Choices: ['Ptyriasis versicolor', 'Indeterminate leprosy', 'Ptyriasis alba', 'Acrofacial vitiligo']","output":"Ptyriasis alba"} +{"instruction":"Which parameter is almost same at apex and base of lung: March 2013","input":"Choices: ['pCO2', 'O2 concentration in blood', 'Ventilation', 'Perfusion']","output":"O2 concentration in blood"} +{"instruction":"A most common organism which can contaminate crowded army camps is ?","input":"Choices: ['Klebsiella', 'E. coli', 'Neisseria meningitidis', 'Staphylococcus']","output":"Neisseria meningitidis"} +{"instruction":"A patient in emergency depament showed hypoxia without cyanosis. What is the most likely cause?","input":"Choices: ['Stagnant hypoxia', 'Hypoxic hypoxia', 'Anemic hypoxia', 'Histotoxic hypoxia']","output":"Anemic hypoxia"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following parameter will be increased after hepatectomy?","input":"Choices: ['Glucose', 'Fibrinogen', 'Estrogen', 'Conjugated bilirubin']","output":"Estrogen"} +{"instruction":"Homonymous hemianopia is seen in:","input":"Choices: ['Pituitary adenoma', 'Optic nerve damage', 'Post-chiasmic damage', 'All of the above']","output":"Post-chiasmic damage"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following pathway is seen in basal cell carcinoma:","input":"Choices: ['mTOR', 'Sonic Hedgehog', 'WNT', 'RAS']","output":"Sonic Hedgehog"} +{"instruction":"Which of these drugs are a must in the management of dry socket?","input":"Choices: ['Analgesics', 'Antibiotics', 'Antihistaminics', 'Antacids']","output":"Analgesics"} +{"instruction":"A 27-year-old female presented with long-standing nodule in right lobe of size 2 cm x 2 cm and underwent right hemithyroidectomy. Histopathological findings are suggestive of:","input":"Choices: ['Adenomatous goiter', 'Papillary carcinoma', 'Follicular adenoma', 'Graves disease']","output":"Papillary carcinoma"} +{"instruction":"Intraoperative sentinel lymph node detection in axilla is done by using","input":"Choices: ['Mammography', 'Isosulfan blue dye', 'MRI', 'CT']","output":"Isosulfan blue dye"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following genetic mutations involved in breast carcinoma","input":"Choices: ['APC', 'BRCA', 'HbAc', 'RB gene']","output":"BRCA"} +{"instruction":"Wide pulse pressure may be seen in all Except:","input":"Choices: ['Aoic Regurgitation', 'PDA', 'Complete Hea Block', 'Congestive Hea failure']","output":"Congestive Hea failure"} +{"instruction":"Stages of anaesthesia was described by:-","input":"Choices: ['WTG Moon', 'Oliver wendel homes', 'John snow', 'Guedel']","output":"Guedel"} +{"instruction":"In dhatura poisoning 9 'Ds' include all except ?","input":"Choices: ['Diarrhea', 'Dysphagia', 'Dilated pupil', 'Drowsiners']","output":"Diarrhea"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is preferred in an elderly women having macrocytic anaemia with early signs of neurological deficit?","input":"Choices: ['Folic acid', 'Hydroxycobalamine', 'Erythropoietin', 'Iron dextran']","output":"Hydroxycobalamine"} +{"instruction":"Which antineoplastic agent is an antifolate drug:","input":"Choices: ['Methotrexate', 'Adriamycin', 'Vincristine', 'Cyclophosphamide']","output":"Methotrexate"} +{"instruction":"Nerve of Latarjet is seen in","input":"Choices: ['Thorax', 'Neck', 'Stomach', 'Hea']","output":"Stomach"} +{"instruction":"Intraocular Pressure is lowered by A\/E (or increased by)","input":"Choices: ['Ketamine', 'Morphine', 'Halothane', 'Thiopentane']","output":"Ketamine"} +{"instruction":"Popcorn calcification is seen in -","input":"Choices: ['Fibroadenoma', 'Fibroadenosis', 'Carcinoma breast', 'None']","output":"Fibroadenoma"} +{"instruction":"A 38 year old female presents to the physician with complaints of excessive thirst and urination for the past 4 weeks. Her appetite has been normal and she has not had diarrhea. Blood chemistry showed mildly elevated glucose and glucagon. Physical examination reveals tenderness in the left upper quadrant and an erythematous necrotizing skin eruption on her legs. Radiographic studies show a tumor in the pancreas. Which of the following cells is responsible for this lesion?","input":"Choices: ['Acinar cell', 'Alpha cell', 'Beta cell', 'Delta cell']","output":"Alpha cell"} +{"instruction":"Gastric lavage is allowed in which corrosive poisoning?","input":"Choices: ['Paint thinner ingestion', 'Lysol ingestion', 'Crude toilet disinfectant ingestion', 'Battery acid ingestion']","output":"Lysol ingestion"} +{"instruction":"Mechanism of action of dofibrates is?","input":"Choices: ['Inhibit HMGCoAreductase', 'Inhibit HMG CoA synthase', 'Inhibit absorption of cholesterol', 'Inhibit release of TG and LDL']","output":"Inhibit release of TG and LDL"} +{"instruction":"Gray hepatization of lungs is seen on the day -","input":"Choices: ['1', '3-Feb', '5-Mar', '7-May']","output":"7-May"} +{"instruction":"Graft Survival in first 48 hours depends on","input":"Choices: ['Plasma imbibition', 'Ingrowth of capillaries in donor tissue', 'Amount of Saline in graft', 'Connection between donor and recipient capillaries.']","output":"Plasma imbibition"} +{"instruction":"The main cytokine, involved in erythema nodusum leprosum (ENL) reaction is:","input":"Choices: ['Interleukin-2', 'Interferon-gamma', 'Tumor necrosis factor-alpha', 'Macrophage colony stimulating factor']","output":"Tumor necrosis factor-alpha"} +{"instruction":"a child prsents with infective skin lesions of the leg culture showed hemolytic colonies which were gram +ve cocci in chains.the test to confirm the organism","input":"Choices: ['bile solubility', 'optochin sensitivity', 'bactriacin sensitivity', 'catalase positive']","output":"bactriacin sensitivity"} +{"instruction":"Normal vital capacity in an adult is","input":"Choices: ['1200 ml', '2500 ml', '3000 ml', '4700 ml']","output":"4700 ml"} +{"instruction":"Triangular space between clitoris and hymen -","input":"Choices: ['Fourchette', 'Fossa navicularis', 'Vestibule', 'Labia minora']","output":"Vestibule"} +{"instruction":"True about rupture of diaphragm:a) Chest X-rayb) DPLc) Repair by laprotomyd) Laproscopy","input":"Choices: ['bcd', 'acd', 'ac', 'ab']","output":"acd"} +{"instruction":"Long–term antipsychotic use may cause:","input":"Choices: ['Depression', 'Mania', 'Schizophrenia', 'Tardive dyskinesia']","output":"Tardive dyskinesia"} +{"instruction":"Hyperprolactinoma causes","input":"Choices: ['Inter menstrual bleeding', 'Prolonged menstruation', 'Oligomenorrhea', 'Polymenorrhea']","output":"Oligomenorrhea"} +{"instruction":"Haemophilia B is due to mutation of gene corresponding to factor?","input":"Choices: ['Factor 8', 'Factor 9', 'Factor 7', 'Factor 11']","output":"Factor 9"} +{"instruction":"Fate of Inner cell mass in embryo development...","input":"Choices: ['Placenta', 'amniotic membrane', 'Fetus', 'Expelled out of developing embryo by 7 weeks']","output":"Fetus"} +{"instruction":"What is a hypnopompic hallucination","input":"Choices: ['If experienced while falling asleep', 'If experienced while awakening', 'After head trauma', 'After convulsion']","output":"If experienced while awakening"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following toxins have similar action to viper snake venom?","input":"Choices: ['Yellow oleander', 'Semicarpar anacardium', 'Dauwolfia serpentine', 'Abrus precatorius']","output":"Abrus precatorius"} +{"instruction":"The color code of plastic bag for disposing microbial laboratory culture waste","input":"Choices: ['Black', 'Red', 'Blue', 'Yellow']","output":"Blue"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following types of leukemia is administered prophylactic methotrexate for CNS prophylaxis –","input":"Choices: ['ALL', 'AML', 'CLL', 'CML']","output":"ALL"} +{"instruction":"Rokitansky protuberance is seen in -","input":"Choices: ['Serous cyst adeno carcinoma', 'Mucinous cyst adenoma', 'Dermoid cyst', 'All of the above']","output":"Dermoid cyst"} +{"instruction":"LBW is defined as birth weight less than: (Repeat)","input":"Choices: ['2 kg', '1 kg', '1.5 kg', '2.5 kg']","output":"2.5 kg"} +{"instruction":"CD 19 positive, CD22 positive, CD103 positive monoclonal B-cells with bright kappa positivity were found to comprise 60% of the peripheral blood lymphoid cells on flow cytometric analysis in a 55 year old man with massive splenomegaly and a total leucocyte count 3.3 x 109\/L. Which one of the following is the most likely diagnosis -","input":"Choices: ['Splenic lymphoma with villous lymphocytes', 'Mantle cell lymphoma', 'B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia', 'Hairy cell leukemia']","output":"Hairy cell leukemia"} +{"instruction":"Which is the most specific autoantibody in SLE","input":"Choices: ['Anti - nuclear antibody', 'Anti - smith antibody', 'Anti - histone antibody', 'Anti - Ro antibody']","output":"Anti - smith antibody"} +{"instruction":"Sweating as a result of exertion is mediated through:","input":"Choices: ['Adrenal hormones', 'Sympathetic adrenergic', 'Parasympathetic cholinergic', 'Sympathetic cholinergic']","output":"Sympathetic cholinergic"} +{"instruction":"Mean pulmonary aery pressure is: September 2007","input":"Choices: ['10 mm Hg', '15 mm Hg', '20 mm Hg', '25 mm Hg']","output":"15 mm Hg"} +{"instruction":"The minimum recommended concentration of free chlorine in drinking water at the end of one hour (mg\/L) is –","input":"Choices: ['0.1', '0.5', '1', '1.5']","output":"0.5"} +{"instruction":"Which of the folowing statements about calendar method (Rhythm method) is false:","input":"Choices: ['Abstinence is needed for only a few days in a month', 'It is associated with no costs', 'Safe period can also be observed using temperature rhythm or mucous method', 'Ectopic pregnancy is a reported complication of calendar method']","output":"Ectopic pregnancy is a reported complication of calendar method"} +{"instruction":"Lever ratio of tympanic membrane is:","input":"Choices: ['1.4-1', '1.3-1', '18.2-1', '1.5-1']","output":"1.3-1"} +{"instruction":"The presentation of Asherman syndrome typically involves:","input":"Choices: ['Hypomenorrhea', 'Oligomenorrhea', 'Menorrhagia', 'Metrorrhagia']","output":"Hypomenorrhea"} +{"instruction":"Storage form of iron:","input":"Choices: ['Transferrin', 'Ferritin', 'Hepcidin', 'Ferroportin']","output":"Ferritin"} +{"instruction":"In Alzheimer's disease which area of brain in involved-","input":"Choices: ['Cerebral cortex', 'Hippocampus', 'Cerebellum', 'A + B']","output":"A + B"} +{"instruction":"Lower border of posterior belly of digastric is related to:","input":"Choices: ['Posterior auricular artery.', 'Occipital artery.', 'Palatine artery.', 'Ascending pharyngeal artery.']","output":"Occipital artery."} +{"instruction":"True about macula lutea is?","input":"Choices: ['It is 5-6 mm in diameter', 'Its colour is due to the presence of xanthophyll derivatives', 'Fovea centralis is outside macula lutea', 'None of the above']","output":"Its colour is due to the presence of xanthophyll derivatives"} +{"instruction":"Liposomal amphotericin B has the following advantage over conventional amphotericin B:","input":"Choices: ['Lesser nephrotoxicity', 'Lesser cost', 'Absense of infusional toxicity', 'Once a week administration']","output":"Lesser nephrotoxicity"} +{"instruction":"All are true about diagnostic barium follow through features of ileo cecal tuberculosis EXCEPT:","input":"Choices: ['Apple core appearance', 'Pulled up or contracted cecum', 'Widening of ileocecal angle', 'Stricture involving terminal ileum']","output":"Apple core appearance"} +{"instruction":"In status epilepticus, drug of choice is:","input":"Choices: ['I\/V diazepam', 'I\/M diazepam', 'Oral clonazepam', 'I\/M phenytoin']","output":"I\/V diazepam"} +{"instruction":"Cells that are identified by the presence of immunoglobulins on the surface include -","input":"Choices: ['B cells', 'NK cells', 'Monocytes', 'Neutrophils']","output":"B cells"} +{"instruction":"Not transmitted congenitally -","input":"Choices: ['HSV', 'HIV', 'Candida', 'Rubella']","output":"Candida"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following reflexes is monosynaptic?","input":"Choices: ['Achilles', 'Babinski', 'Corneal', 'Extensor plantar']","output":"Achilles"} +{"instruction":"La belle indifference, which is true -","input":"Choices: ['Excessive occupation with minor ailments', 'Characterize by coprolalia', 'Disregard for symptoms despite apparent severity', 'None']","output":"Disregard for symptoms despite apparent severity"} +{"instruction":"Sago grain like vesicular eruption is seen in?","input":"Choices: ['Pompholyx', 'Seborrhoeic dermatitis', 'Atopic dermatitis', 'Syphilis']","output":"Pompholyx"} +{"instruction":"Feer's disease is caused by toxicity of:","input":"Choices: ['Arsenic', 'Antimony', 'Lead', 'Mercury']","output":"Mercury"} +{"instruction":"Most common site for the osteoporotic vertebral fracture is -","input":"Choices: ['Dorsolumbar spine', 'Cervical spine', 'Lumbosacral spine', 'Dorsal spine']","output":"Dorsolumbar spine"} +{"instruction":"Nutrient rich in iron -","input":"Choices: ['Almond', 'Pistachio', 'Ground nut', 'Cashew nut']","output":"Cashew nut"} +{"instruction":"Karyotyping is useful in diagnosis of-","input":"Choices: ['Autosomal recessive disorders', 'X-linked recessive disorders', 'Chromosomal abnormalities', 'Biochemical abnormalities']","output":"Chromosomal abnormalities"} +{"instruction":"Syncytium formation is the typical CPE produced by:-","input":"Choices: ['BK virus', 'JC virus', 'SV 40 virus', 'Measles virus']","output":"Measles virus"} +{"instruction":"Type of force in a patient activated appliance is?","input":"Choices: ['Interrupted', 'Intermittent', 'Continuous Interrupted', 'Continuous Intermittent']","output":"Intermittent"} +{"instruction":"Diagnosis of Filariasis is confirmed most commonly done by","input":"Choices: ['Clinical features', 'Detection of microfilariae', 'PCR', 'Serological test']","output":"Detection of microfilariae"} +{"instruction":"A 25 year old female underwent septic aboion, which is the most likely site for embolism of tricuspid valve vegetation?","input":"Choices: ['Lung', 'Liver', 'Meninges', 'Spleen']","output":"Lung"} +{"instruction":"A 55 year old man who has been on bed rest for the past 10 days, complains of breathlessness. The chest X-ray shows hampton's hump. The next investigation should be:","input":"Choices: ['Lung ventilation-perfusion scan', 'Pulmonary aeriography', 'Pulmonary venous angiography', 'Echocardiography']","output":"Lung ventilation-perfusion scan"} +{"instruction":"Retinoscopy in 5 year old is best done with:","input":"Choices: ['Atropine', 'Homatropine', 'Cyclopentolate', 'Tropicamide']","output":"Atropine"} +{"instruction":"MHC II is associated with:-","input":"Choices: ['Antigen presenting cells', 'Red blood cells', 'Platelets', 'Epithelial cells']","output":"Antigen presenting cells"} +{"instruction":"Structure which passes through both greater and lesser sciatic foramen","input":"Choices: ['Nerve to quadratus femoris', 'Superior gluteal nerve', 'Nerve to obturator internus', 'Piriformis muscle']","output":"Nerve to obturator internus"} +{"instruction":"Regarding Anopheles mosquito true is all EXCEPT :","input":"Choices: ['Eggs are laid singly on water', \"Larva don't have siphon\", 'Wings are spotted', \"Pupa don't have siphon tube\"]","output":"Pupa don't have siphon tube"} +{"instruction":"The ideal timing of radiotherapy for Wilms tumour after surgery is –","input":"Choices: ['Within 10 days', 'Within 2 weeks', 'Within 3 weeks', 'Any time after surgery']","output":"Within 10 days"} +{"instruction":"In a snake envenomation, antivenom is staed by giving a dose of -","input":"Choices: ['2 ls', '4 ls', '10 ls', '20 ls']","output":"10 ls"} +{"instruction":"Length of anal canal","input":"Choices: ['10 - 15 mm', '15 - 20 mm', '25 - 30 mm', '35 - 40 mm']","output":"35 - 40 mm"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following skull fractures is called a 'Motorcyclist's fracture'","input":"Choices: ['Ring fracture of base of skull', 'Hinge fracture of base of skull', 'Comminuted fracture of skull', 'Depressed fracture of skull']","output":"Hinge fracture of base of skull"} +{"instruction":"In sickle cell anemia defect is in which chain?","input":"Choices: ['a-chain', 'b-chain', 'Both the chains', 'None of these']","output":"b-chain"} +{"instruction":"The syndrome of growth failure, rash, and hypogonadism is due to deficiency of","input":"Choices: ['Calcium', 'Copper', 'Zinc', 'Magnesium']","output":"Zinc"} +{"instruction":"To differentiate restrictive cardiomypathy and constrictive pericarditis, features ouring constrictive pericarditis are-","input":"Choices: ['Diastolic pressures are not equalised', 'There is mild pericardial effusion', 'Associated with septal hyperophy', 'Thick pericardium is present']","output":"Thick pericardium is present"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following local anaesthetic is a strong vasoconstrictor?","input":"Choices: ['Procaine', 'Cocaine', 'Lignocaine', 'All of the above']","output":"Cocaine"} +{"instruction":"The feature that differentiate a follicular carcinoma from a follicular adenoma of thyroid is","input":"Choices: ['Nuclear pleomorphism', 'Huhle cell change', 'Capsular invasion', 'Absence of colloid']","output":"Capsular invasion"} +{"instruction":"Collecting pa of kidney of derived from","input":"Choices: ['Metanephros', 'Mesonephros', 'Ureteric bud', 'Wolffian duct']","output":"Ureteric bud"} +{"instruction":"A 32-year-old patient with multiple fractures of the pelvis has no cutaneous sensation in the urogenital triangle. The function of which of the following nerves is most likely to be spared?","input":"Choices: ['Ilioinguinal nerve', 'Iliohypogastric nerve', 'Posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh', 'Pudendal nerve']","output":"Iliohypogastric nerve"} +{"instruction":"A 55 year old patient presents with history of five episodes of macroscopic hematuria each lasting for about 4 to 5 days in the past five years. Which of the following investigations should be performed to evaluate the suspected diagnosis.","input":"Choices: ['X ray KUB', 'Ultrasound KUB', 'DTPA scan', 'Urine microscopy and cytology']","output":"Urine microscopy and cytology"} +{"instruction":"One of the following is a contraindication for surgical intervention in varicose veins?","input":"Choices: ['Symptoms refractory to conservative therapy', 'Bleeding from a varix', 'Venous stasis ulcer', 'Deep venous thrombosis']","output":"Deep venous thrombosis"} +{"instruction":"In OCP, estrogen is used in","input":"Choices: ['Ethinyl estradiol', 'Norethisterone', 'Ethynodiol diacetate', 'Allyloestranol']","output":"Ethinyl estradiol"} +{"instruction":"Coprolalia is seen in","input":"Choices: ['Delirium', 'Alcoholic intoxication', 'Mania', 'Tourette syndrome']","output":"Tourette syndrome"} +{"instruction":"Earliest growth of diphtheria is detect on which media ?","input":"Choices: ['Potassium tellurite media with iron', \"McConkey's agar\", 'Dorset egg medium', \"Loeffler's serum slope\"]","output":"Loeffler's serum slope"} +{"instruction":"Causes of painful arc syndrome is\/ are ?","input":"Choices: ['Supraspinatus tendinitis', 'Subacromial bursitis', 'Fracture of greater tuberosity', 'All the above']","output":"All the above"} +{"instruction":"A 54 year old smoker man comes with severe hemoptysis weight loss and oligoahritis. Serial skiagram shows fleeting opacities. What is the diagnosis?","input":"Choices: ['Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis', 'Ca lung', 'Tb', 'All']","output":"Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis"} +{"instruction":"Cryosurgery is used in treatment of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. It is appropriate in all except","input":"Choices: ['Transformation zone lying entirely on ectocervix.', 'Smooth cervical surface without deep crevices.', 'Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia -3.', 'CIN limited to two quadrants of the cervix.']","output":"Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia -3."} +{"instruction":"Inclusion bodies known as metachromatic granules helps the identification of which of the bacteriae?","input":"Choices: ['Corynebacterium', 'E.coli', 'Yersinia', 'Pseudomonas']","output":"Corynebacterium"} +{"instruction":"Brush burn is: AP 09","input":"Choices: ['Graze abrasion', 'Imprint abrasion', 'Electric burn', 'Arborescent burn']","output":"Graze abrasion"} +{"instruction":"Disease(s) transmitted by Aedes aegypti include – a) Yellow feverb) Denguec) Chikungunya feverd) West Nile fever e) Rift valley fever","input":"Choices: ['bcde', 'abcd', 'acde', 'abce']","output":"abce"} +{"instruction":"Heat hardening is the process done at","input":"Choices: ['Heating 750°C and slowly cooling to zero degrees', 'Heating quickly upto 450°C followed by sudden quenching', 'Heating upto 250°C for 15 to 30 min', 'Heating at 750° C and then quenching to room temperature']","output":"Heating upto 250°C for 15 to 30 min"} +{"instruction":"DVT, investigation of choice is:","input":"Choices: ['Duplex scan', 'Plethysmography', 'Venography', 'X-ray']","output":"Duplex scan"} +{"instruction":"Screening of prostate Ca is done by","input":"Choices: ['Transrectal USG', 'Digital rectal exam', 'PSA', 'CT scan']","output":"Digital rectal exam"} +{"instruction":"Small intestinal biopsy is diagnostic in :a) Whipple's diseaseb) Abetalipoproteinemiac) Celiac diseased) Agammaglobulinemia","input":"Choices: ['acd', 'bcd', 'abd', 'ab']","output":"abd"} +{"instruction":"A very ill 3-year-old child is brought into the emergency room with a fever. On physical examination, the child has large cervical lymph nodes and a desquamating skin rash that involves the palms, soles, and mouth. This child should be monitored for the development of which of the following conditions?","input":"Choices: ['Abdominal aoic aneurysm', 'Aneurysm of the aoic root', 'Berry aneurysm', 'Coronary aery aneurysm']","output":"Coronary aery aneurysm"} +{"instruction":"Thromboxane A, is produced mainly by","input":"Choices: ['Vascular endothelium', 'Platelets', 'Liver', 'Damaged tissue']","output":"Platelets"} +{"instruction":"A 65-year-old man is brought to the emergency room in a disoriented state. The patient has an odor of alcohol on his breath. Physical examination reveals palmar erythema, diffuse spider angiomata on the upper trunk and face, and gynecomastia. A liver biopsy shows micronodular cirrhosis, massive steatosis, and Mallory hyaline. Serum levels of ammonia are elevated. Which of the following is the most likely underlying cause of gynecomastia in this patient?","input":"Choices: ['Hyperbilirubinemia', 'Hyperestrogenism', 'Hypersensitivity vasculitis', 'Hypoalbuminemia']","output":"Hyperestrogenism"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following are grevious injury","input":"Choices: ['Emasculation', 'Privation of any member of joint', 'Permanent disfiguration of head or face', 'All']","output":"All"} +{"instruction":"Infection of CNS spread in inner ear is through:","input":"Choices: ['Cochlear aqueduct', 'Endolymphatic sac', 'Vestibular aqueduct', 'Hyl fissure']","output":"Cochlear aqueduct"} +{"instruction":"A baby placed in the prone position is able to lift the head and upper chest on extended arms by?","input":"Choices: ['1 month', '3 months', '6 months', '9 months']","output":"6 months"} +{"instruction":"Primary retinal detachment is seen in:","input":"Choices: ['Diabetes', 'High myopia', 'Malignant melanoma', 'All of the above']","output":"High myopia"} +{"instruction":"Complications of elbow dislocation are all EXCEPT: March 2004","input":"Choices: ['Vascular injury', 'Median nerve injury', 'Myositis ossificans', 'VIC']","output":"VIC"} +{"instruction":"A female is admitted in the ICU with the symptoms of GBS. She is getting these symptoms for the third time during few weeks. Nerve biopsy reveals onion-bulb appearance. What can be the MOST probable diagnosis?","input":"Choices: ['Amyloidotic neuropathy', 'Diabetic neuropathy', 'Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy', 'Leprotic neuropathy']","output":"Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy"} +{"instruction":"The height of a child is double the bih height at the age of-","input":"Choices: ['1 year', '2 years', '3 years', '4 years']","output":"4 years"} +{"instruction":"Structure injured while resecting the free edge of lesser omentum is","input":"Choices: ['Cystic duct', 'Poal vein', 'Left gastric aery', 'Right gastroepiploic aery']","output":"Poal vein"} +{"instruction":"Features of cystinuria are","input":"Choices: ['Impaired proximal tubular reabsorption of cystin', 'Autosomal recessive', 'Recurrent renal stone', 'All of above']","output":"All of above"} +{"instruction":"Modafinil is approved by FDA for treatment of all, except:","input":"Choices: ['Narcolepsy', 'Shift work syndrome (SWS)', 'Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS)', 'Lethargy in depression']","output":"Lethargy in depression"} +{"instruction":"Number of center of excellence in vision 2020-","input":"Choices: ['20', '200', '2000', '20000']","output":"20"} +{"instruction":"On the basis of X height of b\/w lower edge of mental foramen & inferior border of mandible original alveolar ridge height will be?","input":"Choices: ['2X', '3X', '4X', '5X']","output":"3X"} +{"instruction":"Esophageal manometry is useful all this conditions EXCEPT:","input":"Choices: ['Achalasia', 'Diffuse esophageal spasm', 'To assess the peristaltic integrity prior to the surgery for GERD', 'Malignancy']","output":"Malignancy"} +{"instruction":"Not a barrier contraceptive among the following is :","input":"Choices: ['Diaphragm', 'Centchroman', 'Condom', 'Today']","output":"Centchroman"} +{"instruction":"All of the following statements are false except","input":"Choices: ['Very severe NPDR has a 45% chance of progression to high risk PDR within 1 year', 'Argon laser photocoagulation is contraindicated in cases of Ischemic Maculopathy (DME) if Foveal Avascular zone <1000 microns', 'Panretinal Photocoagulation for PDR should be done in a single sitting as it can lead to visual field defects', 'Aspirin at a dose of 650mg\/day slowed the progression of retinopathy']","output":"Very severe NPDR has a 45% chance of progression to high risk PDR within 1 year"} +{"instruction":"In a child wich disease is misdiagnosed as appendicitis?","input":"Choices: ['Gastroentritis', 'Lymphadenitis', 'Intussusception', 'All of the above']","output":"All of the above"} +{"instruction":"Weakness of both Adduction and abduction is seen in","input":"Choices: [\"Duane's retraction syndrome type 1\", \"Duane's retraction syndrome type 2\", \"Duane's retraction syndrome type 3\", 'Double elevator palsy']","output":"Duane's retraction syndrome type 3"} +{"instruction":"Stress fracture not involves -","input":"Choices: ['Metatarsals', 'Metacarpals', 'Tibia', 'Calcaneum']","output":"Metacarpals"} +{"instruction":"The standard regimen for satisfactory treatment of paucibacillary leprosy consists of","input":"Choices: ['Dapsone alone for 12 months', 'Dapsone and rifampicin for 6 months', 'Dapsone and clofazimine for 6 months', 'Dapsone and ethionamide for 12 months']","output":"Dapsone and rifampicin for 6 months"} +{"instruction":"&;D&;-form of amino acid is derived from","input":"Choices: ['Synthesis in muscle', 'Break down from muscle', 'From external source', 'Produced in liver']","output":"From external source"} +{"instruction":"Patient with a history of fall presents weeks later with headache and progressive neurological deterioration. The diagnosis is:-","input":"Choices: ['Acute subdural hemorrhage', 'Extradural hemorrhage', 'Chronic subdural hemorrhage', 'Fracture skull']","output":"Chronic subdural hemorrhage"} +{"instruction":"Cataract is caused by ?","input":"Choices: ['Hypoparathyroidism', 'Cigrate smoking', 'Non-ionizing radiation', 'All of the above']","output":"All of the above"} +{"instruction":"DOC in chancroid is","input":"Choices: ['Tetracycline', 'Doxycycline', 'Erythromycin', 'Streptomycin']","output":"Erythromycin"} +{"instruction":"MgCl2 is added to polio vaccine because of the following -","input":"Choices: ['Potentiates the vaccine', 'Vaccine can be kept at higher temperatures', 'Preservative', 'None of the above']","output":"Vaccine can be kept at higher temperatures"} +{"instruction":"Burst abdomen occurs most common on -","input":"Choices: ['2nd day', '7th day', '4th day', '9th day']","output":"7th day"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is not an oncological emergency -","input":"Choices: ['Spinal cord compression', 'Superior venacaval syndrome', 'Tumor lysis syndrome', 'Carcinoma cervix stage- III B with Pyometra']","output":"Carcinoma cervix stage- III B with Pyometra"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is NOT a concept of 'damage control surgery'?","input":"Choices: ['Arrest hemorrhage', 'Control sepsis', 'Protect from fuhur injury', 'Definitive repair of injury']","output":"Definitive repair of injury"} +{"instruction":"Proteins are soed by :","input":"Choices: ['Golgi Bodies', 'Mitochondria', 'Ribosomes', 'Nuclear Membrane']","output":"Golgi Bodies"} +{"instruction":"An ulcero-proliferative lesion in the antrum of the stomach 6 cm is diameter, invading the serosa, with 10 enlarged lymph nodes around the pylorus with no distant metastasis, the TNM staging is","input":"Choices: ['T2 N1 M0', 'T3 N2 M0', 'T4 N1 M0', 'T1 N3 M0']","output":"T3 N2 M0"} +{"instruction":"Vasopressor of choice in hypotension produced during sub-arachnoidblock","input":"Choices: ['Ephedrine', 'Mephenteramine', 'Adrenaline', 'Dopamine']","output":"Ephedrine"} +{"instruction":"Ocular manifestation of HIV are all except:","input":"Choices: ['Predispose to viral, bacterial and fungal function', 'Kaposi sarcoma', 'CMV retinitis', 'None']","output":"None"} +{"instruction":"Progressive dysphagia is seen in-","input":"Choices: ['Carcinoma esophagus', 'Globus hystericus', 'Presbyesophagus', 'Achalasia']","output":"Carcinoma esophagus"} +{"instruction":"Which is the most impoant complication of celiac sprue?","input":"Choices: ['Intestinal neoplasm', 'Diabetes mellitus', 'Dermatitis herptiformis', 'Bile acid diarrhea']","output":"Intestinal neoplasm"} +{"instruction":"Brodie-Trendelenberg test is for","input":"Choices: ['Testing sephenofemoral junction incompetence', 'DVT', 'Varicose veins', 'Perforators']","output":"Testing sephenofemoral junction incompetence"} +{"instruction":"Three point relationship is lost in all, EXCEPT","input":"Choices: ['Fracture of lateral epicondyle', 'Fracture of medial epicondyle', 'Posterior dislocation of elbow', 'Supracondylar fracture of humerus']","output":"Supracondylar fracture of humerus"} +{"instruction":"The worst prognosis is CLL patients is , if they have:","input":"Choices: ['If lymphadenopathy seen', 'If hepatosplenomegaly seen', 'If hemoglobin < 10 g\/dl', 'If WBC count is more than 1,00,000']","output":"If hemoglobin < 10 g\/dl"} +{"instruction":"Absence seizures are seen in?","input":"Choices: ['Grand mal epilepsy', 'Myoclonic epilepsy', 'Petit mal epilepsy', 'Hyperkinetic child']","output":"Petit mal epilepsy"} +{"instruction":"A 74-year-old man is brought to the hospital because of urinary retention. His past medical history includes hypertension, and benign prostatic hypertrophy. A Foley catheter is inserted to relieve the obstruction, and 1500 cc of urine is emptied from his bladder. Over the next few hours, he has 200cc\/h of urine output. Which of the following urine electrolyte values is most likely in keeping with his diagnosis of post obstructive diuresis?","input":"Choices: ['high sodium', 'low potassium', 'high specific gravity', 'low pH']","output":"high sodium"} +{"instruction":"Air embolism occurs in which method of aboion?","input":"Choices: ['Spontaneous aboion', 'Medical Termination of pregnancy', 'Criminal aboion', 'Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome']","output":"Criminal aboion"} +{"instruction":"Contraindication to DPT is all except -","input":"Choices: ['Local reaction to previous DPT', 'High fever after previous dose', 'Infantile spasms', 'Seizures after previous dose']","output":"Local reaction to previous DPT"} +{"instruction":"Husband had intercourse with wife during separation without consent. Section which deals with it:","input":"Choices: ['376-A IPC', '376-B IPC', '376-C IPC', '376-D IPC']","output":"376-B IPC"} +{"instruction":"A 33-year-old man presented with a slowly progressive swelling in the middle third of his right tibia. X-ray examination revealed multiple sharply demarcated radiolucent lesions separated by areas of dense and sclerotic bone. Microscopic examination of a biopsy specimen revealed island of epithelial cells in a fibrous stroma. Which of the following is the most probable diagnosis?","input":"Choices: ['Adamantinoma', 'Osteofibrous dysplasia', 'Osteosarcoma', 'Fibrous coical defect']","output":"Adamantinoma"} +{"instruction":"If clearance of a drug equals the CFR, it implies that","input":"Choices: ['Drug is reabsorbed in renal tubules', 'Drug is secreted into renal tubules', 'Drug is neither secreted or reabsorbed in renal tubules', 'None of the above']","output":"Drug is secreted into renal tubules"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following about cholera is true ?","input":"Choices: ['Invasive', 'Endotoxin is released', 'Recent infections in india are of classical type', 'Vibriocidal antibody titre measures prevalence']","output":"Vibriocidal antibody titre measures prevalence"} +{"instruction":"Drugs which cause hirsutism are all except","input":"Choices: ['Methyldopa', 'Penicillamine', 'Phenothiazines', 'Metoclopramide']","output":"Penicillamine"} +{"instruction":"After tonsillectomy, a 9 year old child is having continuous bleeding. Bleeding time and PTT are prolonged. Platelet count and PT are normal. What is your diagnosis","input":"Choices: ['Von willebrand disease', 'Vitamin K deficiency', 'Immune thrombocytopenic purpura', 'Hemophilia A']","output":"Von willebrand disease"} +{"instruction":"Linitis plastica is ?","input":"Choices: ['Disease resembling lichen planus', 'Benign lesion of the stomach', 'Diffuse gastric carcinoma', 'Inflammation of stomach resembling acute gastritis']","output":"Diffuse gastric carcinoma"} +{"instruction":"True statement about upper halfanal canal is:","input":"Choices: ['Insensitive to pain', 'Drained by superficial inguinal lymph node', 'Lined by squamous epithelium', 'Supplied by superior mesentric aery']","output":"Insensitive to pain"} +{"instruction":"Rocker bottom foot is due to ?","input":"Choices: ['Overeatment of CTEV', 'Malunited fracture calcaneum', 'Horizontal talus', 'Neural tube defect']","output":"Overeatment of CTEV"} +{"instruction":"All of the following statements regarding progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy are true except aEUR'","input":"Choices: ['Patient commonly presents with visual disturbances and speech defects', 'It is most commonly seen in immunocompromised persons', 'Exclusively diagnosed by brain biopsy', 'It follows an indolent course and patient usually dies within 6 months']","output":"Exclusively diagnosed by brain biopsy"} +{"instruction":"A 28 year old woman underwent a feility sparing surgery for a 6x6 cm granulosa cell ovarian tumour. Which one of the following will you monitor for detection of recurrence?","input":"Choices: ['Ca 19-9', 'LDH', 'Inhibin B', 'Placental Alkaline phosphatase (PLAP)']","output":"Inhibin B"} +{"instruction":"A patient came with complaints of having a deformed nose and also complained that nobody takes him seriously because of the deformity of his nose. He has visited several cosmetic surgeons but they have sent him back saying that there is nothing wrong with his nose. He is probably suffering from:","input":"Choices: ['Hypochondriasis', 'Somatization', 'Delusional disorder', 'OCD']","output":"Delusional disorder"} +{"instruction":"Thyroxine can be given in which thyroid carcinoma: September 2009","input":"Choices: ['Papillary', 'Medullary', 'Anaplastic', 'Undifferentiated']","output":"Papillary"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is consistent with a diagnosis of delayed puberty?","input":"Choices: ['Breast budding in a 10-year-old girl', 'Menarche delayed beyond 16 years of age', 'Menarche 1 year after breast budding', 'FSH values less than 20 mIU\/mL']","output":"Menarche delayed beyond 16 years of age"} +{"instruction":"In child, foreign body in lung -","input":"Choices: ['Rigid bronchoscopy', 'Chest x-ray', 'Flexible endoscopy', 'Direct laryngoscopy']","output":"Rigid bronchoscopy"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is an selective a 2 antagonist?","input":"Choices: ['Prazosin', 'Labetalol', 'Yohimbine', 'Butoxamine']","output":"Yohimbine"} +{"instruction":"Spring ligament consists of all except ?","input":"Choices: ['Plantar calcaneocuboid ligament', 'Plantar calcaneonavicular ligament', 'Medial calcaneonavicular ligament', 'Lateral calcaneonavicular ligament']","output":"Plantar calcaneocuboid ligament"} +{"instruction":"Ritonavir boosting is not recommended with which of the following protease inhibitor of HIV?","input":"Choices: ['Darunavir', 'Saquinavir', 'Nelfinavir', 'Lopinavir']","output":"Nelfinavir"} +{"instruction":"Cell surface markers expressed by both TH1 cells and macrophages include:","input":"Choices: ['Immunoglobulin', 'CD3', 'TCR', 'MHC Class I']","output":"MHC Class I"} +{"instruction":"If a mother is donating here kidney to her son.This is an example of","input":"Choices: ['Autograft', 'Allograft', 'Isograft', 'Xenograft']","output":"Allograft"} +{"instruction":"Meningococcal quadrivalent vaccine is available for these serogroup Except","input":"Choices: ['A', 'Y', 'W135', 'G23']","output":"G23"} +{"instruction":"Endoscope and bronchoscope instruments are under which category according to Spaulding classification","input":"Choices: ['Critical item', 'Semi critical item', 'Noncritical item', 'None of the above']","output":"Semi critical item"} +{"instruction":"Select false statement","input":"Choices: ['Yellow fever vaccine is reconstituted by cold physiological saline', 'JE vaccine is reconstituted by Sterile water', 'Measles vaccine is reconstituted by distilled water', 'BCG vaccine is reconstituted by normal saline']","output":"JE vaccine is reconstituted by Sterile water"} +{"instruction":"A baby presents with refusal to feed, skin lesions, seizures, ketosis organic acids in urine with normal ammonia; likely diagnosis is:","input":"Choices: ['Proprionic aciduria', 'Multiple carboxylase deficiency', 'Maple syrup urine disease', 'Urea cycle enzyme deficiency']","output":"Multiple carboxylase deficiency"} +{"instruction":"All IgG are responsible are coagglutination by bind to S.Aureus protein-A except","input":"Choices: ['IgG1', 'IgG2', 'IgG3', 'IgG4']","output":"IgG3"} +{"instruction":"Following is true about halothane except?","input":"Choices: ['Volatile liquid with sweet odour', 'Sensitises hea to adrenaline', 'Constricts bronchii', 'Causes malignant hypehermia']","output":"Constricts bronchii"} +{"instruction":"Common cause of childhood blindness are all EXCEPT","input":"Choices: ['Malnutrition', 'Dacrocystits', 'Vit A deficiency', 'Measles']","output":"Dacrocystits"} +{"instruction":"Day care surgery can be done in","input":"Choices: ['Lateral sphincterotomy', 'Rhinoplasty', 'Orchidectomy', 'Total thyroidectomy']","output":"Lateral sphincterotomy"} +{"instruction":"Cyclopropagative type of life cycle is seen in?","input":"Choices: ['Cholera', 'Filaria', 'Plague', 'Malaria']","output":"Malaria"} +{"instruction":"Stage of surgical anesthesia during ether administration is","input":"Choices: ['Loss of Consciousness', 'failure of circulation', 'Regular respiration to cessation of breathing', 'Loss of Consciousness to beginning of regular respiration']","output":"Regular respiration to cessation of breathing"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following hormone increases during post menopausal period?","input":"Choices: ['Progesterone', 'Estrogen', 'FSH', 'Androgens']","output":"FSH"} +{"instruction":"Transfer of drug resistance in staphylococcus is by-","input":"Choices: ['Transduction', 'Transformation', 'Conjugation', 'Transfection']","output":"Transduction"} +{"instruction":"All of the following conditions are contraindicated or likely to women in a case of Primary Open Angle glaucoma, when treated with Timolol maleate 0.5% eye drops, except –","input":"Choices: ['Hypertenison', 'Hypercholesterolemia', 'Depression', 'Bronchial asthma']","output":"Hypertenison"} +{"instruction":"Most commonly recommended method of removing plaque from the interdental area:","input":"Choices: ['Dental floss.', 'Wooden tips', 'Plastic tips.', 'Interdental brushes.']","output":"Dental floss."} +{"instruction":"\"Head at risk\" sign is seen in -","input":"Choices: ['Perthes disease', \"Ewing's sarcoma\", 'Osteomylitis', \"Paget's disease\"]","output":"Perthes disease"} +{"instruction":"Hypnogogic hallucination is","input":"Choices: ['If experienced while falling asleep', 'If experienced while awakening', 'After head trauma', 'After convulsion']","output":"If experienced while falling asleep"} +{"instruction":"Unlike other GI secretions, salivary secretion is controlled almost exclusively by the nervous system and is significantly inhibited by","input":"Choices: ['Atropine', 'Pilocarpine', 'Cime dine', 'Aspirin']","output":"Atropine"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following method is the best predictor for ovulation in a female infertility patient during a menstrual cycle","input":"Choices: ['Basal body temperature', 'Hormonal Study', 'Endometrial biopsy', 'Fern study']","output":"Hormonal Study"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is a Negative staining technique?","input":"Choices: ['Gram stain', 'Fontana stain', 'India ink', 'ZN staining']","output":"India ink"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is true about renal trauma-","input":"Choices: ['Urgent IVP is indicated', 'Exploration of the kidney to be done in all cases', 'Lumbar approach to kidney is preferred', 'Renal artery aneurysm is common']","output":"Urgent IVP is indicated"} +{"instruction":"A patient, Sunder is admitted to the emergency with severe bradycardia following drug overdose. The concerned drug was being taken for hypeension. Which of the following cannot be the drug?","input":"Choices: ['Clonidine', 'Hydralazine', 'Propanolol', 'Reserpine']","output":"Hydralazine"} +{"instruction":"A drug 'X' is an a adrenergic blocker but paradoxically produces vasoconstriction. 'X' is:","input":"Choices: ['Phenoxybenzamine', 'Ergotamine', 'Prazosin receptors', 'Tolazoline']","output":"Ergotamine"} +{"instruction":"SYBR Green Dye is used for","input":"Choices: ['HPLC', 'Immunofluorescence', 'PCR', 'ELISA']","output":"PCR"} +{"instruction":"Arneth count is counting of:","input":"Choices: ['Lymphocytes', 'Lobes in neutrophils', 'Granules in eosinophils', 'WBC in bone marrow']","output":"Lobes in neutrophils"} +{"instruction":"Aztreonam is a\/an -","input":"Choices: ['beta-lactamase inhibitor', 'beta-lactam antibiotic', 'Antitubercular drug', 'Antifungal drug']","output":"beta-lactam antibiotic"} +{"instruction":"15 year old boy presented with a mass in the distal femur. X-ray from the lesion showed features of Codman's triangle and Sunray appearance. The diagnosis is:","input":"Choices: ['Osteosarcoma', \"Ewing's sarcoma\", 'Osteoclastoma', 'Chondroblastoma']","output":"Osteosarcoma"} +{"instruction":"Most common type of radiation caries:","input":"Choices: ['Superficial lesions involving all tooth surfaces', 'Cervical lesion', 'Dark pigmentation of the entire crown', 'All of the above']","output":"Superficial lesions involving all tooth surfaces"} +{"instruction":"Giardia lambia infection is common in:","input":"Choices: ['Selective IgM deficiency', 'Selective IgA deficiency', 'Common variable hypogammaglobulinemia', 'Severe combined immunodeficiency']","output":"Selective IgA deficiency"} +{"instruction":"The ability of stem cells to cross the barrier of differentiation to transform into a cell of another lineage expressing the molecular characteristics of different cell type with the ability to perform the function of the new cell type is referred as:","input":"Choices: ['De differentiation', 'Re differentiation', 'Trans differentiation', 'Sub differentiation']","output":"Trans differentiation"} +{"instruction":"True about shock -a) In early stage cardiac output and BP are maintainedb) There is decreased sympathetic activityc) Renin secretion may be increased d) Aldosterone secretion is decreased","input":"Choices: ['a', 'bc', 'ac', 'b']","output":"ac"} +{"instruction":"Treatment of choice in duct papilloma of breast is -","input":"Choices: ['Simple mastectomy', 'Microdochectomy', 'Local wide excision', 'Chemotheapy']","output":"Microdochectomy"} +{"instruction":"A Thiy five year old female has proximal weakness of muscles, ptosis and easy fatigability. The most sensitive test to suggest the diagnosis is","input":"Choices: ['Muscle Biopsy', 'CPK levels', 'Edrophonium test', 'Single fiber EMG']","output":"Single fiber EMG"} +{"instruction":"A Child brought to casualty with repos of violent shaking by parents. The most likely injury would be?","input":"Choices: ['Long bone fracture', 'Ruptured spleen', 'Bilateral Subdural hematoma', 'Skull bone fracture']","output":"Bilateral Subdural hematoma"} +{"instruction":"At what atmosphere pressure gradient barotraumatic otitis media occurs","input":"Choices: ['80 mm of Hg', '90 mm of Hg', '100 mm of Hg', '120 mm of Hg']","output":"90 mm of Hg"} +{"instruction":"Most common type of mental retardation –","input":"Choices: ['Mild', 'Moderate', 'Severe', 'Profound']","output":"Mild"} +{"instruction":"Temperature for Plasma Pyrolysis:-","input":"Choices: ['700deg C', '1000deg C', '1200deg C', '1500deg C']","output":"1200deg C"} +{"instruction":"Bezold's abscess is located in -","input":"Choices: ['Submandibular region', 'Sternomastoid muscle', 'Digastric triangle', 'Infratemporal region']","output":"Sternomastoid muscle"} +{"instruction":"Penile angiography is reliable only after intracavernosal injection of vasoactive substances. All are indications for penile angiography, EXCEPT:","input":"Choices: ['Painful priapism', \"Peyronie's disease\", 'Erectile dysfunction', 'Aeriovenous malformation']","output":"Painful priapism"} +{"instruction":"ABO antigens are not seen in aEUR'","input":"Choices: ['C.S.F.', 'Saliva', 'Semen', 'Sweat']","output":"C.S.F."} +{"instruction":"Most common organism responsible for pseudo membranous colitis is ?","input":"Choices: ['Clostridium difficile', 'Clostridium botulism', 'Clostridium histolyticum', 'Clostridium butyricum']","output":"Clostridium difficile"} +{"instruction":"Palatal cusp of upper posterior teeth in complete denture patients should fall on","input":"Choices: ['Crest of mandibular ridge', 'Lingual to crest of mandibular ridge', 'Buccal to crest of mandibular ridge', 'Buccal vestibule']","output":"Crest of mandibular ridge"} +{"instruction":"A thiy-year man presented with nausea, fever and jaundice of 5 days duration. The biochemical tests revealed a bilirubin of 6.7 mg\/d1 (conjugated 5.0 mg\/dl) with SGOT\/ SGPT (AST\/ALT) of 1230\/900 IU\/mi. The serological tests showed presence of HBs Ag. IgM anti-HBc and Hbe Ag. The most likely diagnosis is:","input":"Choices: ['Chronic hepatitis B infection with high infectivity.', 'Acute hepatitis B infection with high infectivity', 'Chronic hepatitis infection with low infectivity.', 'Acute hepatitis B infection with low infectivity']","output":"Acute hepatitis B infection with high infectivity"} +{"instruction":"Which anaesthetic agent is contraindicated in porphyria","input":"Choices: ['Propofol', 'Ketamine', 'Thiopentone', 'All of the above']","output":"Thiopentone"} +{"instruction":"Malti, a 45 years female pt. with a family h\/o breast carcinoma, showed diffuse microcalcification on mammmography. Indraductal carcinoma in situ was seen on biopsy. Most appropriate management is ?","input":"Choices: ['Quadrantectomy', 'Radical mastectomy', 'Simple mastectomy', 'Chemotherapy']","output":"Simple mastectomy"} +{"instruction":"The most impoant modifiable risk factor for Stroke is:","input":"Choices: ['Hyperlipidemia', 'Diabetes mellitus', 'Cigarette Smoking', 'Hypeension']","output":"Hypeension"} +{"instruction":"All are true about basal cell carcinoma EXCEPT:","input":"Choices: ['Most common site is upper eye lid', 'Locally invasive', 'Rarely metastasizes', 'Associated with exposure to sun']","output":"Most common site is upper eye lid"} +{"instruction":"True about post-spinal headache are all except","input":"Choices: ['Relieved by lying down', 'Frontal or occipital', 'Can prevented by using small bore needle', 'Old age is a risk factor']","output":"Old age is a risk factor"} +{"instruction":"A 65 year old man complains of difficulty in reading newspaper with his left eye, three weeks after sustaining a gunshot injury to his Right eye. Diagnosis is","input":"Choices: ['Macular edema', 'Retinal detachment', 'Sympathetic ophthalmitis', 'Hyphaema']","output":"Sympathetic ophthalmitis"} +{"instruction":"Superficial partial thickness burn is caused due to involvement of:","input":"Choices: ['Epidermis', 'Papillary dermis', 'Reticular dermis', 'Dermis']","output":"Papillary dermis"} +{"instruction":"Which worm causes myocarditis","input":"Choices: ['Trichuris', 'Trichinella', 'Enterobius', 'Strongyloides']","output":"Trichinella"} +{"instruction":"Least chance of cord prolapse is seen in -","input":"Choices: ['Vertex', 'Breech', 'Transverse', 'Compound']","output":"Vertex"} +{"instruction":"A patient of Varicose veins came to hospital; intern was on duty. Which test he shall perform to rule out the DVT?","input":"Choices: ['Brodie Trendelenburg test', 'Pehes test', 'Thomas test', 'Ober test']","output":"Pehes test"} +{"instruction":"Which immunoglobulin acts as receptor on B cell?","input":"Choices: ['Ig G', 'Ig A', 'Ig M', 'Ig D']","output":"Ig M"} +{"instruction":"Features of pulmonary venous hypertension are A\/E–","input":"Choices: ['Perihilar haze', 'Peribroncheal cuffing', 'Upper lobar diversion', 'Uniformly branching lines parallel to pleura']","output":"Uniformly branching lines parallel to pleura"} +{"instruction":"Which chromosomal anomaly is associated with 'Cat eye syndrome'?","input":"Choices: ['Paial trisomy 18', 'Paial trisomy 13', 'Paial trisomy 21', 'Paial trisomy 22']","output":"Paial trisomy 22"} +{"instruction":"Yellowish discoloration of the mucus membrane and teeth is produced by","input":"Choices: ['Sulphuric acid', 'Nitric acid', 'Carbolic acid', 'Hydrochloric acid']","output":"Nitric acid"} +{"instruction":"Hemorrhagic fttvr is caused by:","input":"Choices: ['West-Mile fever', 'Sandfly fever', 'Ebola virus', 'All of the above']","output":"Ebola virus"} +{"instruction":"In a male after laparoscopic cholecystectomy specimen is sent for histopathology which shows carcinoma gallbladder stage T la. Appropriate management is:","input":"Choices: ['Conservative and follow up.', 'Extended cholecystectomy', 'Excision of all po sites', 'Radiotherapy']","output":"Excision of all po sites"} +{"instruction":"5 yr old male had fever and cervical lymphadenopathy. Histopathologic examination of cervical lymph nodes shows:","input":"Choices: ['Caseating granuloma', 'Non caseating granuloma', 'Stellate granuloma', 'Fat necrosis']","output":"Caseating granuloma"} +{"instruction":"depression with reverse vegetative symptoms is treated with MAOIMAOI","input":"Choices: ['MAOI', 'SSRI', 'NDRI', 'SNRI']","output":"MAOI"} +{"instruction":"In CCF there Is-","input":"Choices: ['Oliguria', 'Polyuria', 'Olijuria during day and polyuria during night', 'Anuria']","output":"Oliguria"} +{"instruction":"Erythropoietin is secreted by: March 2009","input":"Choices: ['Interstitial cells of kidney', 'Extraglomerular mesangial cells', 'Macula densa', 'Renal tubular epithelial cells']","output":"Interstitial cells of kidney"} +{"instruction":"Egg in cup appearance is seen in –","input":"Choices: ['TOF', 'MR', 'Constrictive pericarditis', 'Transposition of great vessels']","output":"Constrictive pericarditis"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is not seen in adults ?","input":"Choices: ['Kawasaki disease', 'Henoch schonlein purpura', 'Susac syndrome', 'Takayasu aeritis']","output":"Kawasaki disease"} +{"instruction":"Gingiva in children","input":"Choices: ['More keratinised more stippled', 'More keratinised less stippled', 'Less keratinised more stippled', 'Less keratinised less stippled']","output":"Less keratinised less stippled"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is not branch of the basilar aery ?","input":"Choices: ['Labrynthine aery', 'Anterior inferior cerebellar aery', 'Pontine aery', 'Posterior communicating aery']","output":"Posterior communicating aery"} +{"instruction":"Infectivity period of chickenpox is: March 2009","input":"Choices: ['1 day before and 4 days after appearance of rash', '4 days before and 1 day after appearance of rash', 'Only when scab falls', 'Entire incubation period']","output":"1 day before and 4 days after appearance of rash"} +{"instruction":"Pseudo rosettes are seen in all except","input":"Choices: ['Neuroblastoma', 'Retinoblastoma', 'Medulloblastoma', 'Thecoma']","output":"Thecoma"} +{"instruction":"Insulin sensitivity increases with following treatment except:","input":"Choices: ['Metformin', 'Acarbose', 'Exercise', 'Fasting']","output":"Fasting"} +{"instruction":"Treatment of choice in newborn with club foot:","input":"Choices: ['Observation and follow up', 'Manipulation only', 'Both manipulation and splint', 'Splint application alone']","output":"Both manipulation and splint"} +{"instruction":"Couvelaire uterus is present :","input":"Choices: ['Placenta prae', 'Abruptio placenta', 'Vasa pre', 'All of he above']","output":"Abruptio placenta"} +{"instruction":"Which nerve can be damaged during venesection of Great Saphenous vein:","input":"Choices: ['Sural Nerve', 'Femoral Nerve', 'Obturator Nerve', 'Saphenous Nerve']","output":"Saphenous Nerve"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is the most effective treatment modality for post-traumatic stress disorder","input":"Choices: ['Cognitive behavioural therapy', 'Hypnosis', 'Rational and emotive therapy', 'Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing']","output":"Cognitive behavioural therapy"} +{"instruction":"Presenilin - 1 gene is present on :","input":"Choices: ['Chromosome 1', 'Chromosome 2', 'Chromosome 14', 'Chromosome 21']","output":"Chromosome 14"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following areas of brain is most resistant to Neurofibrillary tangles in Aizeimer's disease -","input":"Choices: ['Entorhinal coex', 'Hippocampus \/ Temporal lobe', 'Lateral Geniculate Body', 'Visual Association Area']","output":"Lateral Geniculate Body"} +{"instruction":"Entracellular binding site on Na+ - K+ pump is","input":"Choices: ['Na+', 'ATP', 'PO4', 'Ouabain']","output":"Ouabain"} +{"instruction":"Adding glucose to stored blood causes?","input":"Choices: ['Prevent hemolysis', 'Gives nutrition to cells', 'Increase acidosis of blood', 'Prevent Hyperkalemia']","output":"Gives nutrition to cells"} +{"instruction":"A 30 year old unmarried woman of average socio-economic background believes that her boss is in secretly love with her. She rings him up at odd hours and writes love letter to him despite his serious warning not to do so. She holds this belief despite contradiction from family members & his denial. However she is able to manage her daily activities as before. She is most likely to be suffering from:","input":"Choices: ['Depression', 'Shizophrenia', 'Delusional disorder', 'No psychatric ailment']","output":"Delusional disorder"} +{"instruction":"Dorsal aery of penis passes beneath which layer (JIPMER May 2019)","input":"Choices: [\"Colle's fascia\", \"Buck's fascia\", 'Daos layer', 'Tunica albuginea']","output":"Buck's fascia"} +{"instruction":"Which country had introduced school health services for the first time -","input":"Choices: ['France', 'Russia', 'United States of America', 'India']","output":"India"} +{"instruction":"Antibiotics are indicated in which type of psoriasis?","input":"Choices: ['Guttate', 'Pustular', 'Chronic plaque psoriasis', 'Erythrodermic psoriasis.']","output":"Guttate"} +{"instruction":"Lalita, a female pt. presents with pigmentation of the lips and oral mucosa and intestinal polyps. Her sister also gives the same history. Most probable diagnosis","input":"Choices: ['Carcinoid tumor', 'Melanoma', 'Villous adenoma', 'Peutz-Jegher syndrome']","output":"Peutz-Jegher syndrome"} +{"instruction":"Heating and subsequent plating is a method used for isolating?","input":"Choices: ['Corynebacterium', 'Vibrio', 'Salmonella', 'Clostridia']","output":"Clostridia"} +{"instruction":"Normal reticulocyte count in newborn is -","input":"Choices: ['0 - 1%', '1 - 1.5%', '3 - 6%', '6 - 9 %']","output":"3 - 6%"} +{"instruction":"Iliofemoral Ligament arise from:","input":"Choices: ['Ischial tuberosity', 'Anterior Superior Iliac Spine', 'Iliopubic Rami', 'Anterior Inferior Iliac Spine']","output":"Anterior Inferior Iliac Spine"} +{"instruction":"Iron is absorbed from:","input":"Choices: ['Duodenum with fast clearance', 'Jejunum with fast clearance', 'Ileum with low clearance', 'Bone marrow']","output":"Duodenum with fast clearance"} +{"instruction":"A lady presented with a 4 cm tumor in the left parietal lobe for which she underwent surgery and radiotherapy. After 3 months she presented with headache and vomiting. Which of the following would characterise the lesion in the patient?","input":"Choices: ['Gd-enhanced MRI', '99Tc-HMPAO SPECT brain', 'c)\\tDigital substraction angiography with dual source of ST scan', 'd)\\t18FDG PET Scan']","output":"d)\t18FDG PET Scan"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following condition has increased risk of malignancy -","input":"Choices: ['Metaplasia', 'Dysplasia', 'Hyperplasia', 'All']","output":"All"} +{"instruction":"All are true about FTA-ABS in Syphilis, except -","input":"Choices: ['FTA - ABS becomes negative after treatment', 'Present in secondary syphilis', 'It is a specific test', \"May be positive in Lyme's disease\"]","output":"FTA - ABS becomes negative after treatment"} +{"instruction":"A non-invasive way of evaluating implant stability by impact resistance","input":"Choices: ['Periotest', 'Transgingival probing', 'Bone sounding', 'Probing']","output":"Periotest"} +{"instruction":"Presence of 1 up quark + 2 down quarks suggests the following:","input":"Choices: ['Proton', 'Neutron', 'Electron', 'Positron']","output":"Neutron"} +{"instruction":"Amyloid present in cerebral lesions of Alzheimer's disease -","input":"Choices: ['L', 'AA', 'Ab', 'b-microglobulin']","output":"Ab"} +{"instruction":"Farmers lung is caused due to exposure to","input":"Choices: ['Bacillus subtilis', 'Thermoactinomyces saccharri', 'Aspergillus fumigates', 'Penicillium nalgiovense']","output":"Thermoactinomyces saccharri"} +{"instruction":"Which is not true about measles vaccine?","input":"Choices: ['Egg culture', 'Freeze dried', 'Reconstituted vaccine should be used within one hour', 'Given after 9 months of age']","output":"Egg culture"} +{"instruction":"Best investigation for ureteric stones is -","input":"Choices: ['USG', 'CT', 'X-ray KUB', 'IVP']","output":"CT"} +{"instruction":"Which of the can following myofunctional appliance be used in uncooperative patients with class II malocclusions?","input":"Choices: ['Activator', 'Frankel II', 'Bionator', 'Herbst']","output":"Herbst"} +{"instruction":"Response to iron in iron deficiency anemia is denoted by -","input":"Choices: ['Restoration of enzymes', 'Reticulocytosis', 'Increase in iron binding capacity', 'Increase in hemoglobin']","output":"Reticulocytosis"} +{"instruction":"A 10-year-old child had fever for 5 days, along with which he developed multiple fluid filled lesions on the lips as shown below. What is the probable underlying etiology for the skin lesions?","input":"Choices: ['Cytomegalovirus', 'Herpes simplex virus', 'HIV', 'Syphilis']","output":"Herpes simplex virus"} +{"instruction":"Rigor mortis start in -","input":"Choices: ['Eyelids', 'Heart', 'Voluntary muscles', 'Limbs']","output":"Heart"} +{"instruction":"Dhatura poisoning is characterized by -","input":"Choices: ['Pinpoint pupil', 'Dilated salivary gland', 'Dilated pupil with facial flush', 'Decrease temp']","output":"Dilated pupil with facial flush"} +{"instruction":"Which of this pa of veebral canal will show secondary curves with concavity backwards?","input":"Choices: ['Cervical', 'Thoracic', 'Sacral', 'Coccyx']","output":"Cervical"} +{"instruction":"A 30 year old woman with sudden right-sided painful red eye associated with nausea, vomiting and headache. The diagnosis is:","input":"Choices: ['Acute congestive glaucoma', 'Endophthlmitis', \"Eale's disease\", 'Trachoma']","output":"Acute congestive glaucoma"} +{"instruction":"Electrical alterans in ECG is characteristic of","input":"Choices: ['Severe bronchial asthma', 'Peri cardial effusion', 'Severe LVF', '–AR']","output":"Peri cardial effusion"} +{"instruction":"Excessive blood loss during mandibulectomy can be prevented by all of the following except?","input":"Choices: ['Use of pressure and packing', 'Use of electrocautery', 'Adrenaline infiltration', 'Artery application to the open vessels']","output":"Adrenaline infiltration"} +{"instruction":"Following is false about the hormonal changes in pregnancy -","input":"Choices: ['Level of progesterone is more in third trimester compared to first trimester', 'Level of hCG is more in third trimester compared to first trimester', 'Level of estriol is less in first trimester compared to third trimester', 'Level of human placental lactogen is less in the first trimester compared to third trimester']","output":"Level of hCG is more in third trimester compared to first trimester"} +{"instruction":"During starvation , muscle uses","input":"Choices: ['Fatty acids', 'Ketone bodies', 'Glucose', 'Proteins']","output":"Fatty acids"} +{"instruction":"In oesophageal ca which Neoadjuvant chemotherapy is used :","input":"Choices: ['Cisplatin', 'Cyclophosphamide', 'Doxorubicin', 'Methotrexate']","output":"Cisplatin"} +{"instruction":"Hormonal treatment is given for which of the following malignancy -","input":"Choices: ['Chorio Carcinoma', 'Carcinoma prostate', 'Hepatoma', 'Teratoma']","output":"Carcinoma prostate"} +{"instruction":"Not a copper containing IUD -","input":"Choices: ['CuT-200', 'Nova -T', 'Multiload-250', 'LNG-20']","output":"LNG-20"} +{"instruction":"A young boy presents with failure to thrive. Biochemical analysis of a duodenal aspirate after a meal reveals a deficiency of enteropeptidase (enterokinase). The levels of which of the following digestive enzymes would be affected?","input":"Choices: ['Amylase', 'Colipase', 'Lactase', 'Trypsin']","output":"Trypsin"} +{"instruction":"gustatory hallucination is common in","input":"Choices: ['schizophrenia', 'delirium tremens', 'temporal lobe epilepsy', 'cotards syndrome']","output":"temporal lobe epilepsy"} +{"instruction":"Skip granulomatous lesions are seen in","input":"Choices: ['Ulcerative colitis', \"Crohn's disease\", \"Whipple's disease\", \"Reiter's disease\"]","output":"Crohn's disease"} +{"instruction":"Capillary leak syndrome is caused by which of the following drug?","input":"Choices: ['Fligrastim', 'Sargramostim', 'Peg filgrastim', 'Darbeptoin']","output":"Sargramostim"} +{"instruction":"The admistration of succinylcholine to a paraplegic patient led to appearance of dysarrythimas, conduction abnormalities band finally cardiac arrest. The most likely cause is","input":"Choices: ['Hypercalcemia', 'Hyperkalemia', 'Anaphylaxis', 'Hypermagnesmia']","output":"Hyperkalemia"} +{"instruction":"The most common site for myocardial infarction is -","input":"Choices: ['Left atrium', 'Left ventricle', 'Right atrium', 'Right ventricle']","output":"Left ventricle"} +{"instruction":"RAST test is used in diagnosis of","input":"Choices: ['Allergic dermatitis', 'Seborrhoeicdematitis', 'Mycosis fungoides', 'Squamous cell carcinoma']","output":"Allergic dermatitis"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following general anaesthetic agent has the least analgesic action?","input":"Choices: ['N2O', 'Halothane', 'Ether', 'Propane']","output":"Halothane"} +{"instruction":"All of the following can be seen after transurethral resection of prostate except -","input":"Choices: ['Congestive cardiac failure', 'Transient blindness', 'Convulsion', 'Hypernatremia']","output":"Hypernatremia"} +{"instruction":"Cough syrup acts by inhibiting","input":"Choices: ['Cough center', 'Respiratory center', 'Breathing center', 'Pulmonary secretion center']","output":"Cough center"} +{"instruction":"Cisapride was withdrawn from market due to ?","input":"Choices: ['QT Prolongation', 'Increased PR interval', 'Teratogenicity', 'Myocardial damage']","output":"QT Prolongation"} +{"instruction":"Which IPC includes vitriolage ?","input":"Choices: ['318', '319', '320', '321']","output":"320"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following parotid malignancy shows perineural spread:","input":"Choices: ['Pleomorphic adenoma', 'Adenoid cystic carcinoma', \"Warthin's tumor\", 'Ductal papilloma']","output":"Adenoid cystic carcinoma"} +{"instruction":"During post mortem period fracture of cervical spine is called?","input":"Choices: ['Pond fracture', 'Signature fracture', 'Undertakers fracture', \"Hangman's fracture\"]","output":"Undertakers fracture"} +{"instruction":"False about leprosy is:","input":"Choices: ['It has been eliminated from India', 'It can be transmitted through breast milk', 'Lepromin test is not a diagnostic test', 'MDT is contraindicated during pregnancy']","output":"MDT is contraindicated during pregnancy"} +{"instruction":"Extremely Iow bih weight baby-","input":"Choices: ['<2.5 kg', '< 2 kg', '< 1.5 kg', '< 1 kg']","output":"< 1 kg"} +{"instruction":"Parasites penetrating through skin for entry into the body are -a) Ancylostoma duodenaleb) Strongyloidesc) Round wormd) Trichuris trichura","input":"Choices: ['ac', 'a', 'ab', 'bc']","output":"ab"} +{"instruction":"If the concentration of inhaled 02 is doubled in a normal person then the resultant effect will be:","input":"Choices: ['02 dissolved in plasma increases, but with Hb remains relatively constant', '02 dissolved in plasma increases, but with Hb decreases', '02 dissolved in plasma will remain constant, but with Hb increases', '02 dissolved in plasma will remain constant, but with Hb remains constant']","output":"02 dissolved in plasma increases, but with Hb remains relatively constant"} +{"instruction":"Yellowing of the skin occurs in hypothyrodlsm bcausc of -","input":"Choices: ['Increased bilirubin', 'Increased cholesterol', 'Increased carotene', 'Increased']","output":"Increased carotene"} +{"instruction":"All of the following occur in mitochondria except","input":"Choices: [\"Citric acid cycle (Kreb's cycle)\", 'Glycogenolysis', 'Fatty acid oxidation', 'Electron transpo chin']","output":"Glycogenolysis"} +{"instruction":"36 year old Santhosh, fights with his uncle saying that he is not his uncle. Some stranger has come in disguise in the form of his uncle to steal his property. Diagnosis:","input":"Choices: ['Capgrass syndrome', 'Fregoli syndrome', 'Cotard syndrome', 'Alport syndrome']","output":"Capgrass syndrome"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following drug can result in teratogenic effect shown in the diagram if given during pregnancy?","input":"Choices: ['Niacin', 'Retinoic acid', 'Thiamine', 'Folic acid']","output":"Retinoic acid"} +{"instruction":"Conn's syndrome is characterized by all except?","input":"Choices: ['Polyuria', 'Polydipsia', 'Weakness', 'Anasarca']","output":"Anasarca"} +{"instruction":"RPGN occurs in A\/E -","input":"Choices: ['SLE', 'Post streptococcal glomerulonephritis', 'diabetic nephropthy', 'Good pastures syndromes']","output":"diabetic nephropthy"} +{"instruction":"IPC 193 is for -","input":"Choices: ['Perjury', 'Punishment for perjury', 'Issuing false certificate', 'Causing disappearance of evidence']","output":"Punishment for perjury"} +{"instruction":"A teenager girl with moderate acne is also complaining of irregular menses. Drug of choice with be-","input":"Choices: ['Oral jsotretinon', 'Oral acitretin', 'Oral minocycline', 'Cyproterone acetate']","output":"Cyproterone acetate"} +{"instruction":"Essex Lopresti lesion in upper limb is due to ?","input":"Choices: ['Injury to interosseous membrane', 'Radial head and Distal end of radius fracture', 'Radial shaft', 'Radial shaft and radio-ulnar joint fracture']","output":"Injury to interosseous membrane"} +{"instruction":"Effective dose in radiation at 1 m is 4 Gy; at 4 m it will be:","input":"Choices: ['0.25', '0.5', '2', '4']","output":"0.25"} +{"instruction":"A 65-year-old man presents with fever, severe headache, and nuchal rigidity. Physical examination in the emergency depament shows a Glasgow coma score of 7. Lumbar puncture reveals cloudy cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) with 1200 neutrophils\/mm3, elevated protein, and decreased glucose. Which of the following is the most probable etiologic agent of this condition?","input":"Choices: ['Arbovirus', 'Herpesvirus', 'Mycobacterium tuberculosis', 'Streptococcus pneumoniae']","output":"Streptococcus pneumoniae"} +{"instruction":"All of the following are germ cell tumor EXCEPT:","input":"Choices: ['Dysgerminoma', 'Choriocarcinoma', 'Clear cell tumor', 'Teratoma']","output":"Clear cell tumor"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following intravenous induction agent is most suitable for day care surgery?","input":"Choices: ['Morphine', 'Ketamine', 'Propofol', 'Diazepam']","output":"Propofol"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following condition is associated with radiological 'Spalding sign'?","input":"Choices: ['Mummification', 'Maceration', 'Hanging', 'Drowning']","output":"Maceration"} +{"instruction":"Accommodation is brought about by:","input":"Choices: ['Dilation of iris', 'Dilation of pupil', 'Lens zonules made tense', 'Ciliary body contraction']","output":"Ciliary body contraction"} +{"instruction":"In volume controlled ventilation, the inspiratory flow rate is","input":"Choices: ['140-160 L\/min', '110-130 L\/min', '60-100 L\/min', '30-50 L\/min']","output":"30-50 L\/min"} +{"instruction":"Post operative abscess treatment of choice","input":"Choices: ['Hydration', 'IV antibiotics', 'Image guided aspiration', 'Reexploration']","output":"Image guided aspiration"} +{"instruction":"Maurer's dots are seen in infection with?","input":"Choices: ['PI. malariae', 'PI. vivax', 'PI. ovale', 'PI. falciparum']","output":"PI. falciparum"} +{"instruction":"Meig's syndrome is associated with :","input":"Choices: ['Teratoma', 'Brenner tumour', 'Theca cell tumour', 'Fibroma']","output":"Fibroma"} +{"instruction":"Gastric Lavage is contraindicated in poisoning -","input":"Choices: ['Kerosene', 'Organophosphorus', 'Aresenic', 'Morphine']","output":"Kerosene"} +{"instruction":"Strongest flexor of the hip joint is:","input":"Choices: ['Saorius', 'Gluteus maximus', 'Iliopsoas', 'Pectineus']","output":"Iliopsoas"} +{"instruction":"Bacteria used to check the working efficiency of an autoclave is:","input":"Choices: ['Bacillus stearothermophilus', 'Bacillus subtilis', 'Campylobacter', 'Bacillus tardinicus']","output":"Bacillus stearothermophilus"} +{"instruction":"Most likely precipitating cause for acute hepato-cellular failure is?","input":"Choices: ['Oral lactulose', 'Large IV albumin infusion', 'Large carbohydrate meal', 'Upper GI bleeding']","output":"Upper GI bleeding"} +{"instruction":"Medial boundary of the anatomical snuffbox is formed by:","input":"Choices: ['Extensor pollicis brevis', 'Extensor carpi radialis longus', 'Extensor pollicis longus', 'Extensor carpi radialis brevis']","output":"Extensor pollicis longus"} +{"instruction":"Coracobrachialis is supplied by which nerve?","input":"Choices: ['Ulnar nerve', 'Axillary nerve', 'Musculocutaneous nerve', 'Median nerve']","output":"Musculocutaneous nerve"} +{"instruction":"Prognosis in a soft tissue tumour is determined by -","input":"Choices: ['Grade of tumour', 'Bulk of the tumour', 'Depth of Invason', 'Lymph nodal involvement']","output":"Grade of tumour"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is the most likely associated laboratory abnormality in a patient suffering from arsenic poisoning?","input":"Choices: ['Neutropenia', 'Macrocytic anemia', 'Normocytic anemia', 'Prolongation of the QT interval']","output":"Prolongation of the QT interval"} +{"instruction":"Example of direct chemoreceptors are:","input":"Choices: ['Olfactory receptor neuron.', 'Taste buds.', 'Vomeronasal organ.', 'All of the above.']","output":"Taste buds."} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is not a broad spectrum antibiotic","input":"Choices: ['Tetracycline', 'Chloramphenicol', 'Doxycycline', 'Penicillin G']","output":"Penicillin G"} +{"instruction":"A 40-year-old man is brought to you by his friends. Apparently, he has ingested some unknown medication in a suicide attempt. The patient is disoriented to time. His temperature is 103 F, BP is 120\/85 pulse 100\/min and irregular, and respirations are 22\/min. The skin is flushed and dry. Dilated pupils and muscle twitching are also noted on examination. ECG reveals prolonged QRS complexes. Hepatic transaminases are normal, and ABG shows a normal pH. These findings are most likely due to intoxication by which substance?","input":"Choices: ['Acetaminophen', 'Alcohol', 'Benzodiazepines', 'Tricyclic antidepressants']","output":"Tricyclic antidepressants"} +{"instruction":"Drug not used in multiple sclerosis-","input":"Choices: ['Interferon-β-la', 'Interferon-β-lb', 'Glatiramer acetate', 'Mycophenolate']","output":"Mycophenolate"} +{"instruction":"Lymphatic drainage of oropharynx is mainly through","input":"Choices: ['Superficial cervical lymph nodes', 'Submandibular nodes', 'Jugulodigastric nodes', 'Jugulo-omohyoid nodes']","output":"Jugulodigastric nodes"} +{"instruction":"All of the following transpo processes follows saturation kinetics except","input":"Choices: ['Facilitated diffusion', 'Na+ - Ca2+ exchanger', 'Simple diffusion', 'Na+ coupled active transpo']","output":"Simple diffusion"} +{"instruction":"True about V.S.D. is, all except :","input":"Choices: ['Small hole closes spontaneously', 'Defect is usually in membranous pa', 'Endocarditis is commonest complication', 'Pulmonary oligemia in chest X-ray']","output":"Pulmonary oligemia in chest X-ray"} +{"instruction":"Secondary amyloidosis complicates which of the following","input":"Choices: ['Pneumonia', 'Chronic glomerulonephritis', 'Irritable bowel sydrome', 'Chronic osteomyelitis']","output":"Chronic osteomyelitis"} +{"instruction":"MOA of oral hypoglycemic agent","input":"Choices: ['Inhibit glucose uptake by skeletal muscle', 'Enhance glucose uptake by skeletal muscle', 'Stimulate glycogenolysis', 'Stimulate gluconeogenesis']","output":"Enhance glucose uptake by skeletal muscle"} +{"instruction":"Most common organism causing peritonitis -","input":"Choices: ['E. coli', 'Klebsiella', 'Stap. aureus', 'Streptococcus']","output":"E. coli"} +{"instruction":"If a drug is active against the pre-erythrocytic stage of the malarial parasite it will be useful as a:","input":"Choices: ['Suppressive prophylactic', 'Causal prophylactic', 'Clinical curative', 'Radical curative']","output":"Causal prophylactic"} +{"instruction":"A 25 yr old lady develops brown macular lesions over the bridge of nose and cheeks following exposure to sunlight. What is the most probable diagnosis?","input":"Choices: ['Chloasma', 'Photodermatitis', 'SLE', 'Acne rosacea']","output":"Chloasma"} +{"instruction":"Which is the most common complication of this Rash?","input":"Choices: ['Otitis media', 'Bronchopneumonia', 'Secondary skin infections', 'Reye syndrome']","output":"Secondary skin infections"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is not a tumor marker -","input":"Choices: ['CEA', 'Tyrosinase', 'Human leucocyte antigen A2', 'AFP']","output":"Human leucocyte antigen A2"} +{"instruction":"Fencing attitude of the dead bodies is caused by","input":"Choices: ['Coagulation of proteins', 'Emulsification of fat', 'Exposure to excess cold', 'Electric shock']","output":"Coagulation of proteins"} +{"instruction":"30 year male with chronic diarrhoea, anemia, raised liver enzymes. Most likely associated with:","input":"Choices: ['Antimitochondrial antibody', 'Anti-endomysial antibody', 'Anti-smooth muscle antibody', 'Antinuclear antibody']","output":"Anti-endomysial antibody"} +{"instruction":"A 30-year-old man admitted for multiple injuries following an accident receives 8 units of packed RBCs (PRBCs). What is the most likely ABG finding in this patient?","input":"Choices: ['Metabolic alkalosis', 'Respiratory alkalosis', 'Metabolic acidosis', 'Respiratory acidosis']","output":"Metabolic alkalosis"} +{"instruction":"Management of rectosigmoid obstructive carcinoma in elderly frail","input":"Choices: ['Colostomy', 'Abdomino-perineal resection (APR)', 'Resection & primary anastomosis', 'Hamann procedure']","output":"Colostomy"} +{"instruction":"All of the following belong to the steroid receptor super family except","input":"Choices: ['Vitamin D3 receptor', 'Thyroid receptor', 'Retinoid receptor', 'Epinephrine receptors']","output":"Epinephrine receptors"} +{"instruction":"A 38 year old woman with a history of multiple sexual paners is most at risk for which of the following?","input":"Choices: ['Bladder carcinoma', 'Cervical carcinoma', 'Endometrial carcinoma', 'Ovarian carcinoma']","output":"Cervical carcinoma"} +{"instruction":"The three fourth crown is contraindicated in","input":"Choices: ['Anterior teeth with short clinical crown', 'Abraded proximal region', 'Abraded lingual region', 'All of the above']","output":"Anterior teeth with short clinical crown"} +{"instruction":"Tumorogenesis in aging is due to aEUR'","input":"Choices: ['Telomerase reactivation', 'Telomerase inactivation', 'Increased apoptosis', 'Suppression of proto-oncogenes']","output":"Telomerase reactivation"} +{"instruction":"Recurrent corneal erosions are seen in: March 2011, March 2012","input":"Choices: ['Corneal dystrophy', 'Keratoglobus', 'Keratoconus', 'Peutz-anomalies']","output":"Corneal dystrophy"} +{"instruction":"Corneal endothelial cell count is measured by ?","input":"Choices: ['Specular microscope', 'Ophthalmoscope', 'Synoptophore', \"Amsler's grid\"]","output":"Specular microscope"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following chemical mediators of inflammation is an example of a C-X-C or alpha chemokine -","input":"Choices: ['Lipoxin LXA-4', 'Interleukin IL-8', 'Interleukin IL-6', 'Monocyte chemoattractant protein MCP-1']","output":"Interleukin IL-8"} +{"instruction":"Nerve roots involved in Erb's palsy:","input":"Choices: ['C5, C6', 'C6, C7', 'C7,C8,T1', 'C5,C6,C7,C8,T1']","output":"C5, C6"} +{"instruction":"In infants, defecation often follows a meal. The cause of colonic contractions in this situation is","input":"Choices: ['Gastroileal reflex', 'Enterogastric reflex', 'Increased circulating levels of CCK', 'Gastrocolic- reflex']","output":"Gastrocolic- reflex"} +{"instruction":"A fungus causes skin infection. Which of the following is important media for growth of the fungus","input":"Choices: ['Acidic', 'Alkaline', 'Extremely acidic', 'Neutral']","output":"Acidic"} +{"instruction":"Which is conerned with cell mediated immunity","input":"Choices: ['B-Lymphocytes', 'T-Lymphocytes', 'Eosinophils', 'Monocytes']","output":"T-Lymphocytes"} +{"instruction":"After reconstitution, the vaccine must be stored in the dark at 2-8 degree C and used within: September 2004","input":"Choices: ['1 hour', '2 hours', '3 hours', '6 hours']","output":"6 hours"} +{"instruction":"Most common site of post ischemic stricture is:","input":"Choices: ['Ascending colon', 'Hepatic flexure', 'Splenic flexure', 'Sigmoid colon']","output":"Sigmoid colon"} +{"instruction":"Most common ovarian tumor -","input":"Choices: ['Serous cystadenoma', 'Choriocarcinomac', 'Teratoma', 'Fibroma']","output":"Serous cystadenoma"} +{"instruction":"Ganglion of hay fever is","input":"Choices: ['Otic ganglion', 'Ptery gopalatine ganglion', 'Submandibular ganglion', 'Geniculate ganglion']","output":"Ptery gopalatine ganglion"} +{"instruction":"Honey-comb liver is seen in:","input":"Choices: ['Micronodular cirrhosis', \"Dubin Johnson's syndrome\", 'Actinomycosis', 'Hydatidosis']","output":"Actinomycosis"} +{"instruction":"Acanthosis nigricans histological show –","input":"Choices: ['Papillomatosis', 'Marked acanthosis', 'Hypermelanosis', 'All of the above']","output":"Papillomatosis"} +{"instruction":"The average length of a full term child will be about","input":"Choices: ['30 cm', '35 cms', '40 cms', '50 cms']","output":"50 cms"} +{"instruction":"A circular bullet wound, erythema seen around the margin, blackening & tattooing present. What is the range","input":"Choices: ['Contact shot entry wound', 'Near shot entry wound', 'Close shot exit wound', 'Close shot entry wound']","output":"Close shot entry wound"} +{"instruction":"Otto Loewi is famous for discovery of","input":"Choices: ['Succinyl choline', 'Acetyl choline', 'Adrenaline', 'Noradrenaline']","output":"Acetyl choline"} +{"instruction":"The drug that should be used for prophylaxis of close contacts of a patient suffering from meningococcal meningitis is","input":"Choices: ['Rifampicin', 'Dapsone', 'Erythromycin', 'Amikacin']","output":"Rifampicin"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following biomedical wastes can be incinerated?","input":"Choices: ['Pressurized gas containers', 'Radiographic wastes', 'PVC', 'Human anatomical wastes']","output":"Human anatomical wastes"} +{"instruction":"A forceps rotation of 30deg from left occiput anterior (LOA) to occiput anterior (OA) with extraction of the fetus from +2 station is described as which type of forceps delivery?","input":"Choices: ['High forceps', 'Midforceps', 'Low forceps', 'Outlet forceps']","output":"Low forceps"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is used for the fixation of cervical smear?","input":"Choices: ['Ethyl alcohol', 'Acetone', 'Xyline', 'Formalin']","output":"Ethyl alcohol"} +{"instruction":"Level of prevention that includes specific protection","input":"Choices: ['Primordial', 'Primary', 'Secondary', 'Teiary']","output":"Primary"} +{"instruction":"Concentrated alcohol-based antiseptic for skin preparation of the operative site leads to","input":"Choices: ['>95% reduction in bacterial count', '>50% reduction in bacterial count', '<50% reduction in bacterial count', 'Contraindicated for operative site']","output":">95% reduction in bacterial count"} +{"instruction":"The principal problem with tuberosity reduction is:","input":"Choices: ['Poor access', 'Formation of oro-antral fistula', 'Infection', 'Damage to posterior superior alveolar nerve']","output":"Formation of oro-antral fistula"} +{"instruction":"Weight of normal uterus is :","input":"Choices: ['30 -- 45 gms', '45 -- 60 gms', '60 -- 70 gms', '80 -- 100 gms']","output":"45 -- 60 gms"} +{"instruction":"In which of the following condition serum ascites-to-albumin gradient is > 1.1","input":"Choices: ['Nephrotic syndrome', 'Pancreatitis', 'Peritoneal carcinomatosis', 'Budd chiari syndrome']","output":"Budd chiari syndrome"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is a modified amino acid?","input":"Choices: ['Arginine', 'Cysteine', 'Asparagine', 'Threonine']","output":"Cysteine"} +{"instruction":"Interaction of histamine with H2 receptor in parietal cell results in","input":"Choices: ['Increase in intracellular Na+ concentration', 'Increase in intracellular CAMP production', 'Increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration', 'Stimulates IP3 - DAG pathway']","output":"Increase in intracellular CAMP production"} +{"instruction":"Varenicline is used in -","input":"Choices: ['Nicotine addiction', 'Alcohol addiction', 'Heroin addiction', 'LSD intoxication']","output":"Nicotine addiction"} +{"instruction":"Rapid growing non-tuberculous mycobacteria causing lung infection are all except:","input":"Choices: ['M. kansasii', 'M. chelonae', 'M. fouitum', 'M. abscessus']","output":"M. kansasii"} +{"instruction":"A 55 year old male presented with painless terminal hematuria. Cystoscopic examination revealed a solitary papillary tumor. Histopathological examination of completely resected tumor is suggestive of grade transitional cell carcinoma with no muscle invasion. fuher management of this patient is best done by","input":"Choices: ['Just follow up', 'Intravesical chemotherapy', 'Intravesical BCG', 'Cystectomy']","output":"Intravesical BCG"} +{"instruction":"Cobras belong to: NEET 13","input":"Choices: ['Viperidae', 'Elapidae', 'Colubriadae', 'Crotalidae']","output":"Elapidae"} +{"instruction":"Serum fructosamine can be used in all exceptaEUR'","input":"Choices: ['Screening of diabetes', 'Rapid change in DM treatment', 'Monitoring sho term control of DM', 'Screening of DM in pregnancy']","output":"Screening of diabetes"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is the most impoant antigen-presenting cell (APC) for initiating T-cell response against protein antigens?","input":"Choices: ['NK cell', 'Dendritic cell', 'Macrophage', 'B-lymphocyte']","output":"Dendritic cell"} +{"instruction":"Wolff - Parkinson - White (WPW) syndrome is characterised by","input":"Choices: ['Prolonged PR interval', 'Delta wave', 'U wave', 'Heart block']","output":"Delta wave"} +{"instruction":"'Juvenile cou' is presided over by: DNB 08","input":"Choices: ['I class woman Magistrate', 'II class woman Magistrate', 'II class male Magistrate', 'None of the above']","output":"I class woman Magistrate"} +{"instruction":"Meningococcal polyvalent vaccine is routinely recommended to:","input":"Choices: ['Adolescents young males', 'All healthy children between 5-7 years of age', 'More than 50 years of age diabetic patients on regular insulin', '40 years old paramedical staff working in laboratory']","output":"All healthy children between 5-7 years of age"} +{"instruction":"Induction of treatment in serious fungal infections is mostly done by:","input":"Choices: ['IV amphotericin', 'B Ketoconazole', '5-flucytosine', 'Fluconazole']","output":"IV amphotericin"} +{"instruction":"Total duration of antibiotics in acute osteomyelitis is -","input":"Choices: ['4 weeks', '2 weeks', '6 weeks', '8 weeks']","output":"6 weeks"} +{"instruction":"Immune complex-mediated glomerular damage is seen in all except -","input":"Choices: ['Membranoproliferative GN', 'Focal segmental GN', 'Crescentic GN', 'RPGN']","output":"Focal segmental GN"} +{"instruction":"In indentation tonometry:","input":"Choices: ['Plunger indents a hard eye more than a soft eye', 'Lower scale readings are obtained in high intraocular pressure', 'Low scleral rigidity gives high reading of intraocular pressure', 'All of the above']","output":"Lower scale readings are obtained in high intraocular pressure"} +{"instruction":"In a 35 year old man which is most likely organism causing infection of epididymis-","input":"Choices: ['E.coli', 'Gonococci', 'Chlamydia', 'Ureaplasma ureolyticum']","output":"Chlamydia"} +{"instruction":"Lactational amenorrhea is due to:","input":"Choices: ['Prolactin induced inhibition of GnRH', 'Prolactin induced inhibition of FSH', 'Oxytocin induced inhibition of GnRH', 'None of the above']","output":"Prolactin induced inhibition of GnRH"} +{"instruction":"Meckel&;s cave is related to","input":"Choices: ['Submandibular gland', 'Trigeminal ganglion', 'Trigeminal ganglion', 'Ptergopalatine ganglion']","output":"Trigeminal ganglion"} +{"instruction":"A male patient 59 year old complains of multiple swellings in the neck , fever, and weight loss. General examination reveals painless lymph node enlargement in the neck and on blood investigation anaemia is revealed. Serum albumin is 32 gm\/l. Lymph node biopsy shows Reed Sternberg cells.\nThe 5-year rate of overall survival (%) for this patient , according to The Hasenclever prognostic index for advanced Hodgkin lymphoma is:","input":"Choices: ['90', '74', '70', '59']","output":"74"} +{"instruction":"in the above given condition what is the treatment of choice in grade 2 ?","input":"Choices: ['bowel resection', 'laproscopy guided drain', 'usg guided drain', 'oral metronidazole']","output":"laproscopy guided drain"} +{"instruction":"Combination that can be used for restoring the missing teeth are:","input":"Choices: ['Porcelain opposing porcelain', 'Acrylic opposing acrylic', 'Porcelain opposing teeth with gold veneering', 'All of the above']","output":"All of the above"} +{"instruction":"Timolol is preferred in glaucoma over pilocarpine, because -","input":"Choices: ['It is more effective than pilocarine', 'Enhances uveo-scleral outflow', 'Produces less ocular side effects', 'It has no contraindications']","output":"Produces less ocular side effects"} +{"instruction":"'POTABLE WATER' is one which:","input":"Choices: ['Is safe drinking', 'Can be carried from one place to another', 'Found within 5 meters within the surface of earth', 'None of the above']","output":"Is safe drinking"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is used for Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder in females?","input":"Choices: ['FLIBANSERIN', 'SILDENAFIL', 'ALPROSTADIL', 'PAPAVERINE']","output":"FLIBANSERIN"} +{"instruction":"SSRI is first-line treatment for","input":"Choices: ['OCD', 'Panic disorder', 'Social phobia', 'Post traumatic stress disorder']","output":"Social phobia"} +{"instruction":"A 3 year old child comes for suspected squint. A refraction is ordered, what is the drug of choice?","input":"Choices: ['Pilocarpine', 'Atropine', 'Tropicamide', 'Lidocaine']","output":"Atropine"} +{"instruction":"Predisposing factor for carcinoma vulva is all Except","input":"Choices: ['Smoking', 'HPV', 'Fibroepithelial polyp', 'Leukoplakia']","output":"Fibroepithelial polyp"} +{"instruction":"Hemorrhage leads to: September 2005","input":"Choices: ['Septicemic shock', 'Neurogenic shock', 'Hypovolemic shock', 'Cardiogenic shock']","output":"Hypovolemic shock"} +{"instruction":"True about the statement is: When null hypothesis is rejected when it is true?","input":"Choices: ['Type I alpha error', 'Type II beta error', 'Gamma error', 'All of the above']","output":"Type I alpha error"} +{"instruction":"Advantage of contact lens over normal glasses;","input":"Choices: ['Prismatic effect will less', 'Prevention from UV rays', 'Decrease inflammation', 'Decrease infection']","output":"Prismatic effect will less"} +{"instruction":"In compartment syndrome earliest finding is","input":"Choices: ['Pain on passive movement', 'Parasthesia', 'Absence of pulse', 'Pallor']","output":"Pain on passive movement"} +{"instruction":"When the level of hardness in water is around 150-300 mg \/ litre it is classified as","input":"Choices: ['Very hard water', 'Soft water', 'Moderately hard water', 'Hard water']","output":"Hard water"} +{"instruction":"Supero-lateral boundary of axillary dissection is?","input":"Choices: ['Clavi-pectoral fascia', 'Brachial plexus', 'Axillary artery', 'Axillary vein']","output":"Axillary vein"} +{"instruction":"Nichol's strain is used in:","input":"Choices: ['TP HA test', 'TPI test', 'VDRL', 'FTA-ABS']","output":"TPI test"} +{"instruction":"Root value of biceps jerk -","input":"Choices: ['C3 C4', 'C4 C5', 'C5 C6', 'C8 T1']","output":"C5 C6"} +{"instruction":"Vaccine contraindicated in pregnancy is the following:","input":"Choices: ['Diphtheria', 'Hepatitis-B', 'MMR', 'Killed polio vaccine']","output":"MMR"} +{"instruction":"Investigation of choice for hydatid disease is","input":"Choices: ['CT scan', 'ELISA', 'Biopsy', 'USG']","output":"ELISA"} +{"instruction":"A 40-year-old woman is brought by her husband for complaint of abnormal behavior. During the interview, she laughs and cries with a very sho period of time spontaneously. Her affect is best described as?","input":"Choices: ['Apathy', 'Blunted affect', 'Euthymic affect', 'Labile affect']","output":"Labile affect"} +{"instruction":"A 4 year old African child develops an infection with Chlamydia trachomatis. How does infection with this organism cause blindness?","input":"Choices: ['Cataract formation', 'Hemorrhage into the anterior chamber', 'Hemorrhage into the posterior chamber', 'Scarring of the cornea']","output":"Scarring of the cornea"} +{"instruction":"A patient is suffering from painful vesicular eruption at T-4 dermatome. The cause is:","input":"Choices: ['EBV infection', 'Herpes zoster', 'CMV infection', 'Herpes simplex']","output":"Herpes zoster"} +{"instruction":"A lady presented with 7 weeks amenorrhea with slight vaginal spotting. CRL was 5 mm with well - formed gestational sac with calculated GA of 5+6 weeks on TVS. However cardiac activity could not be seen. Next line of management?","input":"Choices: ['Wait for another 1 week and repeat TVS', 'Surgical or medical evacuation', 'Wait for another 4 weeks', 'Serum hCG levels']","output":"Wait for another 1 week and repeat TVS"} +{"instruction":"A 35 yr old woman presents with primary infeility. On examination a mass is palpable in the pelvis. USG shows a cystic lesion in the ovary with ground glass appearence without internal vascular flow. Her CA-125 level is 90 U\/ml. What is the most likely diagnosis?","input":"Choices: ['Ovarian Ca', 'Endometrioma', 'Tuberculosis', 'Borderline ovarian tumor']","output":"Endometrioma"} +{"instruction":"All are seen in CMV retinitis except","input":"Choices: ['Immunosuppresion', 'Brush-fire appearance Pattern', 'Crack mud appearance', 'Perivasculitis']","output":"Crack mud appearance"} +{"instruction":"A substance is present in concentration of 2 mgdeg\/o in the afferent aeriole and zero mg% in the efferent. True about the substance is:","input":"Choices: ['It is free filtered in glomerulus', 'Secreted in coical nephron', 'Absorbed in PCT', 'Impermeable in loop of Henk']","output":"It is free filtered in glomerulus"} +{"instruction":"Back action clasp is a modification of:","input":"Choices: ['Ring clasp', 'Embrasure clasp', 'Onlay clasp', 'Hairpin clasp']","output":"Ring clasp"} +{"instruction":"A 29 years old male with a history of long leisure trip presented with right knee pain and swollen join with foreign","input":"Choices: ['Sarcoidosis', 'Tuberculosis', \"Reiter's disease\", \"Bechet's disease\"]","output":"Reiter's disease"} +{"instruction":"M-spike in multiple myeloma is due to?","input":"Choices: ['IgM', 'IgA', 'IgG', 'IgD']","output":"IgG"} +{"instruction":"Bubus form is which stage of LGV:","input":"Choices: ['Prmary', 'Secondary', 'Teiary', 'Latent']","output":"Secondary"} +{"instruction":"ADAMTS deficiency is seen in -","input":"Choices: ['Essential thrombocythemia', 'ITP', 'Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura', 'CLL']","output":"Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura"} +{"instruction":"Physical examination of an infant delivered to a 42 year old, gravida 3, para 2, woman, is remarkable for slight hypotonia and a poor Moro reflex. Fuher examination reveals upslanting palpebral fissures, epicanthal folds, excess nuchal skin, an enlarged tongue, clinodactyly of the fifth fingers, and a single transverse palmar crease. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?","input":"Choices: ['Down syndrome', 'Edwards syndrome', 'Fetal alcohol syndrome', 'Marfan syndrome']","output":"Down syndrome"} +{"instruction":"Site of glycolysis -","input":"Choices: ['Cytoplasm', 'Mitochondria', 'Nucleus', 'Endoplasmic reticulum']","output":"Cytoplasm"} +{"instruction":"Trichophyton affects:","input":"Choices: ['Skin only', 'Hair only', 'Skin, hair, and nails', 'Skin and nails only']","output":"Skin, hair, and nails"} +{"instruction":"All of the following are examples of Ball and Socket Joint except?","input":"Choices: ['Talo-calcaneo-navicular', 'Malleus and Incus joint in middle ear', 'Hip joint', 'Incus and Stapes joint in middle ear']","output":"Malleus and Incus joint in middle ear"} +{"instruction":"What is the best stimulus for release of vasopressin","input":"Choices: ['Hypotonicity of extracellular fluid', 'Hypeension', 'Hypotension', 'Hypo-osmolality of extracellular fluid']","output":"Hypotension"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following sugar is called as Arch Criminal:","input":"Choices: ['Fructose.', 'Sucrose.', 'Glucose.', 'Maltose.']","output":"Sucrose."} +{"instruction":"What is true about Factories Act:","input":"Choices: ['Cannot be employed under 14', 'Cannot be employed under 14 for dangerous jobs', 'Maximum 72 hours per week for adolescents', 'It was can be employed']","output":"Cannot be employed under 14"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following propey of the drug will enable it to be used in low concentration?","input":"Choices: ['High affinity', 'High specificity', 'Low specificity', 'High stability']","output":"High affinity"} +{"instruction":"Among males, which of the following is the most common cancer by incidence?","input":"Choices: ['Prostate', 'Colon', 'Lung', 'Oropharynx']","output":"Prostate"} +{"instruction":"Oliver's sign is seen in:","input":"Choices: ['Ascending aortic aneurysm', 'Arch of aorta aneurysm', 'Descending aortic aneurysm', 'Aortic dissection']","output":"Arch of aorta aneurysm"} +{"instruction":"In neonatal herpes, true is -","input":"Choices: ['Caused by HSV-II', 'Hepatosplenomegaly is diagnostic', 'Spontaneous recovery occurs', 'If not treated, disseminates']","output":"Caused by HSV-II"} +{"instruction":"In ectopic pregnancy all are useful for diagnosis except","input":"Choices: ['Culdocentesis', 'USG', 'Beta HCG', 'Flat abdomen']","output":"Flat abdomen"} +{"instruction":"A 10-year-old boy presented with painful boggy swelling of scalp, multiple sinuses, with purulent discharge, easily pluckable hair and lymph nodes enlarged in occipital region. Which will be most helpful for diagnostic evaluation?","input":"Choices: ['Biopsy and Giemsa evaluation', 'Bacterial culture', 'KOH mount', 'Patch test, gram staining, Tzanck smear']","output":"KOH mount"} +{"instruction":"Herbert's pits are seen in -","input":"Choices: ['Trachoma', 'Spring catarrh', 'Phlyctenular conjunctivitis', 'Sarcoidosis']","output":"Trachoma"} +{"instruction":"Antagonism between acetylCholine and atropine is?","input":"Choices: ['Competitive antagonism', 'physiological antagonism', 'Noncompetitive antagonism', 'None']","output":"Competitive antagonism"} +{"instruction":"A child is able to dress herself, knows her gender, feeds without spilling. What is her age","input":"Choices: ['2 years', '3 years', '4 years', '5 years']","output":"3 years"} +{"instruction":"A 4 year old female brought to casualty depament with multiple fracture ribs, and inconspicuous history from parents. On examination show multiple bruise and healed fractures. The provable diagnosis is:","input":"Choices: ['Polytrauma for evaluation', 'Flail chest', \"Munchausen' syndrome\", 'Battered baby syndrome']","output":"Battered baby syndrome"} +{"instruction":"Paramesonephric duct forms which of the following","input":"Choices: ['Ureter', 'Uterus', 'Bladder', 'Penis']","output":"Uterus"} +{"instruction":"Ethanol increases urine output by","input":"Choices: ['Inhibiting Na+ reabsorption', 'Suppressing ADH secretion', 'Increasing glomerular filtration rate', 'Suppressing H+ secretion']","output":"Suppressing ADH secretion"} +{"instruction":"Which vasculitis is seen most commonly in childhood?","input":"Choices: ['Kawasaki', 'HSP', 'Susac syndrome', 'Giant cell']","output":"HSP"} +{"instruction":"Characteristic feature of atopic drmatitis is","input":"Choices: ['Pruritus', \"Dennie's Lines\", 'Scalling skin (Lichenification)', 'Rash']","output":"Pruritus"} +{"instruction":"Which tumour does not occur in minor salivary gland?","input":"Choices: ['Pleomorphic adenoma', 'Adenocarcinonna', 'Mucoepidermoid carcinoma', \"Warthin's tumour\"]","output":"Warthin's tumour"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is the major circulating form of Vitamin D?","input":"Choices: ['25-(OH) D3', '1, 25-(OH)2 D3', '24, 25-(OH)2 D3', '1, 24-(OH)2 D3']","output":"25-(OH) D3"} +{"instruction":"Granulomatous appearance of lung with air bronchogram in neonates represents –","input":"Choices: ['Aspiration pneumonia', 'Hyaline membrane disease', 'Staph pneumonia', 'ARDS']","output":"Hyaline membrane disease"} +{"instruction":"What will be the investigation of choice for a bicornuate uterus","input":"Choices: ['USG', 'CT scan', 'Hystero-salpingography', 'Combined hysterolaparoscopy']","output":"Combined hysterolaparoscopy"} +{"instruction":"Gastric wash contraindicated in:","input":"Choices: ['Oxalic acid', 'Sulphuric acid', 'Opiate', 'Dhatura']","output":"Sulphuric acid"} +{"instruction":"In a patient of head injury, who presents with headache and increased intracranial pressure, the effect on pupil is:","input":"Choices: ['Ipsilateral mydriasis', 'Contralateral mydriasis', 'Ipsilateral miosis', 'Contralateral miosis']","output":"Ipsilateral mydriasis"} +{"instruction":"A nucleic acid was analyzed and found to contain 32% adenine, 18% guanine, 17% cytosine and 33deg\/o thymine. The nucleic acid must be:","input":"Choices: ['Single-stranded RNA', 'Single-stranded DNA', 'Double-stranded RNA', 'Double stranded DNA']","output":"Double stranded DNA"} +{"instruction":"Role of marijuana in AIDS related cachexia is -","input":"Choices: ['Decrease the infectivity', 'Improves CD4 count', 'Increasing the appetite', 'Improves the immunity']","output":"Increasing the appetite"} +{"instruction":"A 25 year old female, a known case of sickle cell anemia is presented with bony pain, dyspnea, fever & cough. O\/E: her HR is 110\/min & BP is 140\/88 mmHg, SaO2 is 85%. CXR shows bilateral diffuse alveolar infiltrates. Her mother gives history of four similar episodes in the last one year. All of the statements regarding her condition are true EXCEPT:","input":"Choices: ['Chronic therapy with oral hydroxyurea should be considered.', 'She is having a sickle cell acute chest syndrome.', 'She should receive daily sildenafil.', 'Hematocrit should be maintained at >30%.']","output":"She should receive daily sildenafil."} +{"instruction":"Anti cancer drug causing nephrotoxicity ?","input":"Choices: ['Cyclophosphamide', 'Busulfan', 'Cisplatin', 'Procarbazine']","output":"Cisplatin"} +{"instruction":"Spongiosis is seen in –","input":"Choices: ['Acute eczema', 'Lichen planus', 'Psoriasis', 'Pemphigus']","output":"Acute eczema"} +{"instruction":"Parathyroid adenoma most commonly involves which of the following site","input":"Choices: ['Thyroid substance', 'Superior parathyroid lobe', 'Inferior parathyroid lobe', 'In the mediastinum']","output":"Inferior parathyroid lobe"} +{"instruction":"The capacity of balloon tamponade to arrest PPH is around __________","input":"Choices: ['100-300 ml', '300-500 ml', '500-700 ml', '650-850 ml']","output":"300-500 ml"} +{"instruction":"Edema over the mastoid is seen in -","input":"Choices: [\"Bell's Palsy\", 'Lateral sinus thrombophlebitis', 'CSOM', 'ASOM']","output":"Lateral sinus thrombophlebitis"} +{"instruction":"What is the major problem that occurs in imparting oral hygiene instructions to adolescents?","input":"Choices: ['Inability to understand', 'Inability to respond', 'Rebellion against the authority', 'Laziness']","output":"Rebellion against the authority"} +{"instruction":"All of the following are components of Child Survival and Safe Motherhood Programme except: March 2012","input":"Choices: ['Medical termination of pregnancy', 'Advice of food, nutrition and rest', 'Detection and referral of high risk pregnancies', 'Bih spacing']","output":"Medical termination of pregnancy"} +{"instruction":"In Sodomy, passive agent is labelled as catamite when he\/she is?","input":"Choices: ['Yong child', 'Women', 'Elderly', 'Any of the above']","output":"Yong child"} +{"instruction":"Which is false about Gilbe syndrome","input":"Choices: ['Male predominant', 'UGT activity is 10-30 % of normal', 'Histology normal', 'Mild conjugated hyperbilrubinemia']","output":"Mild conjugated hyperbilrubinemia"} +{"instruction":"Condition which can present both as nephritic syndrome and nephrotic syndrome, is: March 2012","input":"Choices: ['Minimal change disease', 'Acute proliferative glomerulonephritis', 'Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis', 'Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis']","output":"Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis"} +{"instruction":"Pseudo-Pelger-Huet cells or seen in -","input":"Choices: ['Hairy cell leukemia', 'Multiple myeloma', 'Mylodysplastic syndrome', \"Hodgkin's lymphoma\"]","output":"Mylodysplastic syndrome"} +{"instruction":"Arrhythmias refractory to the treatment of lignocaine can be treated by:","input":"Choices: ['Sotalol', 'Diltiazem', 'Amiodarone', 'Quinidine']","output":"Amiodarone"} +{"instruction":"A 60 year old male patient wants rehabilitation of missing teeth. Intra-oral examination reveals upper and lower edentulous arches. The casts were mounted using impression plaster. The W\/P ratio for this gypsum product is-","input":"Choices: ['0.50-0.75', '0.45-0.50', '0.28-0.30', '0.22-0.24']","output":"0.50-0.75"} +{"instruction":"Digestive enzymes are","input":"Choices: ['Hydrolases', 'Oxidoreductases', 'Dehydrogenases', 'Ligases']","output":"Hydrolases"} +{"instruction":"Beta2 adrenergic receptors are not found on: September 2010","input":"Choices: ['Aerioles', 'Veins', 'Adipose Tissue', 'Uterus']","output":"Adipose Tissue"} +{"instruction":"Lipodermatosclerosis is most commonly seen on:","input":"Choices: ['Anterior aspect of leg', 'Medial aspect of leg', 'Anterior aspect of thigh', 'Posterior aspect of thigh']","output":"Medial aspect of leg"} +{"instruction":"The treatment of gallstone ileus is -","input":"Choices: ['Cholecystectomy alone', 'Removal of obstruction', 'Cholecystectomy, closure of fistula and removal of stone by enterotomy', 'Cholecystectomy with closure of fistula']","output":"Removal of obstruction"} +{"instruction":"The drug NOT used in prostatic carcinoma :","input":"Choices: ['Finasteride', 'Diethyl stilbestrol', 'Testosterone', 'Flutamide']","output":"Testosterone"} +{"instruction":"Not true regarding herpes keratitis:","input":"Choices: ['Diminished corneal sensation', 'Can be recurrent', 'Sattelite lesions are seen', 'Punctate keratitis is seen']","output":"Sattelite lesions are seen"} +{"instruction":"Formation of excessive amounts of granulation tissue, which protrudes above the level of the surrounding skin and blocks reepithelialization is called:","input":"Choices: ['Proud flesh', 'Keloid', 'Desmoids', 'Hypertrophic scar']","output":"Proud flesh"} +{"instruction":"A 30-year-old women presents a history of amenorrhoea and impaired vision of six month's duration. Physical examination shows everything except for pale optic discs and diminished visual acuity. The most likely diagnosis is -","input":"Choices: ['Pituitary adenoma', 'Craniopharyngioma', 'Hypothalamic glioma', 'Benign intracranial hypertension']","output":"Pituitary adenoma"} +{"instruction":"What is the most appropriate management of diabetic ketoacidosis?","input":"Choices: ['500ml of 0.9% Saline over 15 minutes and a fixed rate insulin infusion', '500ml of 0.9% Saline over 15 minutes with potassium chloride and a fixed rate insulin infusion', '500ml of 0.9% Saline over 30 minutes with potassium chloride and a rapid acting subcutaneous insulin injection', '500ml of 0.9% Saline over 30 minutes and a rapid acting subcutaneous insulin injection']","output":"500ml of 0.9% Saline over 15 minutes with potassium chloride and a fixed rate insulin infusion"} +{"instruction":"% of thiopentone–used in induction –","input":"Choices: ['0.50%', '1.50%', '2.50%', '4.50%']","output":"2.50%"} +{"instruction":"Riboflavin is a constituent of","input":"Choices: ['FMN', 'NAD', 'PLP', 'THF']","output":"FMN"} +{"instruction":"Apical transportation is also known as","input":"Choices: ['Curing', 'Zipping', 'Ledging', 'Apical perforation']","output":"Zipping"} +{"instruction":"Pulsed gel electrophoresis is used for-","input":"Choices: ['DNA', 'RNA', 'Ribosome', 'Protein']","output":"DNA"} +{"instruction":"A 40 years old female presented to OPD with complaints of retrosternal heaburn, dysphagia more for liquids and occasional aspiration. Barium swallow is given below. Which of the following statement is false about this condition?","input":"Choices: ['It is due to lack of inhibitory neurons in Auerbach plexus', 'Characterized by classical triad of dysphagia, regurgitation and weight loss', 'Barium swallow is gold standard investigation', \"Heller's cardiomyotomy is the treatment of choice\"]","output":"Barium swallow is gold standard investigation"} +{"instruction":"Find the type of inheritence","input":"Choices: ['Autosomal dominant', 'X-linked dominant', 'Autosomal recessive', 'Mitochondrial']","output":"Mitochondrial"} +{"instruction":"Lymphatics from the spongy urethra drain into the following lymph nodes","input":"Choices: ['Superior inguinal nodes', 'Internal inguinal nodes', 'Deep inguinal nodes', 'Sacral nodes']","output":"Deep inguinal nodes"} +{"instruction":"Not true about deep cervical lymph nodes ?","input":"Choices: ['Lie along external jugular vein', 'Tonsil is drained by jugulodigastric nodes', 'Lie deep to sternocleidomastoid', 'Tongue drains into juguloomohyoid nodes']","output":"Lie along external jugular vein"} +{"instruction":"A 30 year old patient with history of recurrent headache was sent for fundus evaluation. He was found to be having generalized arterial attenuation with multiple cotton wool spots and flame shaped haemorrhages in both eyes. The most likely cause is –","input":"Choices: ['Diabetic retinopathy', 'Hypertensive retinopathy', 'Central retinal artery occlusion', 'Temporal arteritis']","output":"Hypertensive retinopathy"} +{"instruction":"Preformed toxin produces diarrhea in which organism ?","input":"Choices: ['Staphylococcus', 'Vibrio cholera', 'Salmonella', 'Escherichia coli']","output":"Staphylococcus"} +{"instruction":"In acute myocardial infarction the best drug to cause thrombolysis and to start reperfusion","input":"Choices: ['Steptokianase', 'Urokinase', 'Tissue plasminogen activator', 'Anisoylated plasminogen steptonase activator complex']","output":"Tissue plasminogen activator"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is least likely to cause constrictive pericarditis?","input":"Choices: ['Tuberculous pericardial effusion', 'Staphylococcal effusion', 'Post cardiac surgery', 'Acute rheumatic fever']","output":"Acute rheumatic fever"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following feature of Conduct disorder is more commonly seen in boys in comparison to girls?","input":"Choices: ['Run away from home', 'Emotional bullying', 'High risk sexual behavior', 'Physical aggression']","output":"Physical aggression"} +{"instruction":"Why an increased target-film distance is required in the paralleling techniques?","input":"Choices: ['To avoid image magnification', 'To avoid distortion', 'To reduce scattered radiation', 'To improve film placement']","output":"To avoid distortion"} +{"instruction":"Stratum germinativum is synonymous to","input":"Choices: ['Stratum Basale', 'Stratum Spinosum', 'Stratum granulosum', 'Stratum corneum']","output":"Stratum Basale"} +{"instruction":"Stenopaeic slit can be used for all except","input":"Choices: ['Finchams test', 'Iridectomy', 'Corneal tattooing', 'Axis of cylindrical refractory error']","output":"Corneal tattooing"} +{"instruction":"A 44-year-old male presents with the sudden onset of severe right upper quadrant (RUQ) abdominal pain, ascites, tender hepatomegaly, and hematemesis. These symptoms are suggestive of Budd-Chiari syndrome, a disorder that is caused by","input":"Choices: ['Obstruction of the common bile duct', 'Obstruction of the intrahepatic sinusoids', 'Thrombosis of the hepatic aery', 'Thrombosis of the hepatic vein']","output":"Thrombosis of the hepatic vein"} +{"instruction":"Kinky hair disease is due to defect in ?","input":"Choices: ['Iron transpo', 'Calcium transpo', 'Copper transpo', 'Magnesium transpo']","output":"Copper transpo"} +{"instruction":"According to WHO ,the feature of class II lupus is","input":"Choices: ['Transient proteinuria', 'Massive proteinuria', 'Hematuria', 'RBC casts']","output":"Hematuria"} +{"instruction":"On performing retinoscopy, movement of red reflex does not occur with the movement of retinocope in","input":"Choices: ['Emmetropia', '>1D Myopia', '< 1D Myopia', 'Hypermetropia']","output":">1D Myopia"} +{"instruction":"Pancreaticoduodenectomy is not indicated in:","input":"Choices: ['Multiple cyst and calcifications in head of the pancreas', 'Duodenal cancer', 'Failed drainage procedure for chronic pancreatitis', 'Ampullary carcinoma with secondaries in peritoneum']","output":"Ampullary carcinoma with secondaries in peritoneum"} +{"instruction":"Crohn's disease can be seen in:","input":"Choices: ['Jejunum only', 'Colon only', 'Terminal ileum and right side', 'Mouth to anus']","output":"Mouth to anus"} +{"instruction":"Black gun powder made of -a) Potassium nitrateb) Charcoalc) Sulfur powderd) Cellulose nitratee) Barium sulfate","input":"Choices: ['ab', 'abc', 'acd', 'bcd']","output":"abc"} +{"instruction":"Which coenzyme is responsible for carboxylationreaction?","input":"Choices: ['Biotin', 'FAD', 'NADH', 'Thiamine pyrophosphate']","output":"Biotin"} +{"instruction":"Positive dipstick for RBC with red color urine and red supernatant and clear sediment with positive dipstick -","input":"Choices: ['Porphyria', 'Hematuria', 'Hemolysis', 'Rhabdomyolysis']","output":"Rhabdomyolysis"} +{"instruction":"Most accurate measurement of extracellular fluid volume (ECF) can be done by using:","input":"Choices: ['Sucrose', 'Mannitol', 'Inulin', 'Aminopyrine']","output":"Inulin"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following enzyme is involved in process of both cholesterol and ketone bodies synthesis?","input":"Choices: ['HMG CoA reductase', 'HMG CoA synthase', 'HMG CoA lyase', 'Thiolase']","output":"HMG CoA synthase"} +{"instruction":"Protein losing enteropathy diagnosis, all used except?","input":"Choices: ['>Tc albumin', '>Tc dextran', '>In transferrin', '>Tc seclosumab']","output":">Tc seclosumab"} +{"instruction":"3 cardinal determinants of under nutrition are all except?","input":"Choices: ['Low bih weight', 'Infections', 'Less water intake', 'Low food intake']","output":"Less water intake"} +{"instruction":"Lyme disease is transmitted by all of the following except:","input":"Choices: ['Ixodid pacificus', 'Ixodid scapularis', 'Ixodid damminii', 'None of the above']","output":"Ixodid damminii"} +{"instruction":"Protein quality assessment is best done by –","input":"Choices: ['NPU', 'Biological value', 'Digestibillity coefficient', 'Amino acid score']","output":"NPU"} +{"instruction":"Spread by mosquitoes:","input":"Choices: ['Dengue', 'Kala azar', 'Trypanomiasis', 'Listeriosis']","output":"Dengue"} +{"instruction":"A 52-year-old man comes to the physician with the chief complaint of feeling depressed for the past 2 months. He notes that he is not sleeping well, has lost 5 kg in the last 6 weeks, and is having anergia and anhedonia. In addition, in the past 4 weeks he has begun to hear the voice of his dead father telling him that he is a failure and he has begun worrying that his organs are rotting away. Which of the following statements is true?","input":"Choices: ['The patient should be staed on an SSRI and an antipsychotic', 'The patient is having an acute schizophrenic episode', 'The patient is likely suffering from a factitious disorder with psychological symptoms', 'The patient is likely abusing alcohol']","output":"The patient is likely suffering from a factitious disorder with psychological symptoms"} +{"instruction":"In audiogram of an otosclerotic patient, Carha's notch is a dip at __________","input":"Choices: ['0.5 KHz', '2 KHz', '4 KHz', '8 KHz']","output":"2 KHz"} +{"instruction":"Features of carcinoma penis are all except ?","input":"Choices: ['Circumcision soon after bih provides total immunity', 'Metastatic to inguinal nodes', 'Surgery treatment of choice', 'Transitional cell carcinoma']","output":"Transitional cell carcinoma"} +{"instruction":"Bilateral cutting of vagus nerve causes -","input":"Choices: ['Decrease heart rate', 'Decrease respiratory rate', 'Increase heart rate', 'Decreased BP']","output":"Increase heart rate"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is derived from tyrosine ?","input":"Choices: ['Melatonin', 'Serotonin', 'Melanin', 'Niacin']","output":"Melanin"} +{"instruction":"The 'beading' appearance is seen in the condition:","input":"Choices: ['Chronic pancreatitis', 'Acute pancreatitis', 'Gall stone ileus', 'Sub-acute intestinal obstruction']","output":"Chronic pancreatitis"} +{"instruction":"Low doses of aspirin prolong bleeding time by selec tively inhibiting synthesis of the following mediator in the platelets","input":"Choices: ['Thromboxane A2', '5-Hydroxytryptamine', 'Platelet activating factor', 'Prostacyclin']","output":"Thromboxane A2"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following do not generate ATP?","input":"Choices: ['Citric Acid cycle', \"Kreb's cycle\", 'Glycolysis', 'HMP shunt']","output":"HMP shunt"} +{"instruction":"Gallstones may be complicated by which among the following -a) Pancreatitisb) Choledocholithiasisc) Acute cholecystitisd) Carcinoma stomache) Carcinoma pancreas","input":"Choices: ['abc', 'bc', 'acd', 'bcd']","output":"abc"} +{"instruction":"Antibodies in ITP are ?","input":"Choices: ['IgG', 'IgM', 'IgE', 'IgD']","output":"IgG"} +{"instruction":"Ante's law concerns the","input":"Choices: ['Degree of tipping allowable in the abutment tooth', 'Amount of increase in retentive factor with a full crown versus a 3\/4th crown', 'Crown : Root ratio', 'Ratio of combined pericemental root surface area of the abutment teeth and the pericemental root surface areas of the teeth to be replaced']","output":"Ratio of combined pericemental root surface area of the abutment teeth and the pericemental root surface areas of the teeth to be replaced"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following general anaesthetics has poor muscle relaxant action?","input":"Choices: ['Ether', 'Nitrous oxide', 'Halothane', 'Isoflurane']","output":"Nitrous oxide"} +{"instruction":"Principle of confidentiality is not applicable in?","input":"Choices: ['Group discussion', 'Parents', 'Spouse', 'Criminal case']","output":"Criminal case"} +{"instruction":"Extrapyramidal symptoms are seen in all EXCEPT:","input":"Choices: ['Paralysis agitans', 'Carbon monoxide poisoning', 'Cerebrovascular accident', 'Multiple sclerosis']","output":"Multiple sclerosis"} +{"instruction":"Treatment for stage T3N1 of carcinoma maxilla is -","input":"Choices: ['Radiation therapy only', 'Chemotherapy only', 'Surgery and radiation', 'Chemotherapy and radiation']","output":"Surgery and radiation"} +{"instruction":"The chromosomal complement in persons with Klinefelter's syndrome is: March 2011","input":"Choices: ['45, XO', '47, XXX', '46, XY', '47, XXY']","output":"47, XXY"} +{"instruction":"Prophylactic anti D injection in non-immunized Rh negative women should be given at-","input":"Choices: ['28 weeks, 32 weeks, within 72 hours after delivery', '28 weeks, 36 weeks, within 72 hours after delivery', '28 weeks, 34 weeks, within 72 hours after delivery', '28 weeks and then within 72 hours after delivery']","output":"28 weeks and then within 72 hours after delivery"} +{"instruction":"Most common chromosomal syndrome is-","input":"Choices: ['Fragile X syndrome', 'Trisomy 17', 'Trisomy 21', 'Trisomy 13']","output":"Trisomy 21"} +{"instruction":"In gout tophi are not seen in?","input":"Choices: ['Skin', 'Muscles', 'Nasal cailage', 'Synovium']","output":"Muscles"} +{"instruction":"All of the following show low glucose in pleural fluid,except-","input":"Choices: ['Empyema', 'Malignant pleural effusion', 'Rheumatoid arthritis', \"Dressler's syndrome\"]","output":"Dressler's syndrome"} +{"instruction":"Latent infection occurs in the following except","input":"Choices: ['Mumps', 'Herpes simplex', 'Brill-zinsser disease', 'Ancylostomiasis']","output":"Mumps"} +{"instruction":"In case of Ludwig's angina, if 2nd premolar and 1st molars are involved, then the first involved space is:","input":"Choices: ['Submaxillary space', 'Sublingual space', 'Submental space', 'Parotid space']","output":"Sublingual space"} +{"instruction":"Inflammation in the airways can be reduced by:","input":"Choices: ['Fluticasone', 'Budesonide', 'Theophylline', 'Salbutamol']","output":"Fluticasone"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following risk factors is most commonly associated with chorioamnionitis?","input":"Choices: ['Maternal drug abuse', 'Poor maternal hygiene', 'Prior cesarean delivery', 'Prolonged rupture of membranes']","output":"Prolonged rupture of membranes"} +{"instruction":"The study which proceeds from cause to effect","input":"Choices: ['Retrospective', 'Case control', 'Cohort', 'Descriptive']","output":"Cohort"} +{"instruction":"A male newborn infant is brought to the clinic by his mother and diagnosed with a congenital malformation. MRI studies reveal that the cerebellum and medulla oblongata are protruding inferiorly through the foramen magnum into the vertebral canal. What is this clinical condition called?","input":"Choices: ['Meningocele', 'Klippel-Feil syndrome', 'Arnold-Chiari malformation', 'Hydrocephalus']","output":"Arnold-Chiari malformation"} +{"instruction":"Lingual plate major connector should be supported anteriorly by:","input":"Choices: ['Bracing arm.', 'Minor connector.', 'Rests.', 'All of the above.']","output":"Rests."} +{"instruction":"Treatment of dacryocystitis in three months old child-","input":"Choices: ['Daily probing', 'Weekly probing', 'Massaging', 'Syringing']","output":"Massaging"} +{"instruction":"In Which of the following conditions is cardiac involvement NOT a usual feature?","input":"Choices: ['Facio-scapulo-humeral dystrophy', \"Duchenne's muscular dystrophy\", \"Friedreich's ataxia\", 'Myotonic dystrophy']","output":"Facio-scapulo-humeral dystrophy"} +{"instruction":"Hypokalemia in an infant may be due to all of the following except -","input":"Choices: ['Adrenal tumor', 'Adrenal tumor', 'Thiazide therapy', 'Diarrhea']","output":"Adrenal tumor"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is the function of proteins with zinc finger motif?","input":"Choices: ['DNA binding', 'Histone binding', 'Phosphotyrosine binding', 'Phosphoinositide binding']","output":"DNA binding"} +{"instruction":"Widal test is a type of?","input":"Choices: ['Tube agglutination', 'Slide agglutination', 'Tube precipitation', 'Slide precipitation']","output":"Tube agglutination"} +{"instruction":"Noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT)","input":"Choices: ['Preconceptional gene testing on ova', 'Testing on maternal tissue', 'Maternal serum for evaluation of Down’s syndrome', 'Amniocentesis for evaluation of fetal chromosomal anomalies']","output":"Maternal serum for evaluation of Down’s syndrome"} +{"instruction":"A case of Bell's palsy on steroids, shows no improvement after two weeks. Next step in manangement is -","input":"Choices: ['Vasodilators and ACTH', 'Physiotherapy', 'Steroids dose', 'Electrophysiological nerve testings']","output":"Electrophysiological nerve testings"} +{"instruction":"A child presents with antimongoloid slant, pulmonary stenosis, sho stature, and undescended testis. The likely diagnosis is _____","input":"Choices: ['Hypoparathyroidism', 'Noonan syndrome', 'Klinefelter syndrome', 'XYY sex chromosome']","output":"Noonan syndrome"} +{"instruction":"Asherman syndrome will produce","input":"Choices: ['Infertility', 'Secondary amenorrhoea', 'Recurrent abortion', 'All of these']","output":"All of these"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is the most common fixative used in electron microscopy?","input":"Choices: ['Glutaraldehyde', 'Formalin', 'Picric acid', 'Absolute alcohol']","output":"Glutaraldehyde"} +{"instruction":"MALT is most commonly present in","input":"Choices: ['Duodenum', 'Jejunum', 'Ileum', 'Stomach']","output":"Ileum"} +{"instruction":"Which is chemotheraputic agent that must be included in treatment of ovarian carcinoma -","input":"Choices: ['Methotrexate', 'Cyclophosphamide', 'Flourouracil', 'Procarbazine']","output":"Cyclophosphamide"} +{"instruction":"Middle ear effusion with intact eardrum gives rise to which type of tympanogram?","input":"Choices: ['Type A', 'Type B', 'Type C', 'Type D']","output":"Type B"} +{"instruction":"Person had a fight with a neighour where he assaulted him, he can be booked under","input":"Choices: ['44 IPC', '319 IPC', '320 IPC', '351 IPC']","output":"351 IPC"} +{"instruction":"A 56 year old man has painful weeping rashes over the upper eyelid and forehead for the last 2 days along with ipsilateral acute punctate keratopathy. About a year back, he had chemotherapy for Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. There is no other abnormality. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?","input":"Choices: ['Impetigo', 'Systemic Lupus Erythematosus', 'Herpes Zoster', 'Pyoderma gangrenosum']","output":"Herpes Zoster"} +{"instruction":"Crumbled egg shell calcification of liver is seen in:","input":"Choices: ['Hemangioma', 'Hepatoma', 'Hydatid cyst', 'Liver abscess']","output":"Hydatid cyst"} +{"instruction":"A female patient has dysphagia, intermittent epigastric pain. On endoscopy, the oesophagus was dilated above and narrow at the bottom. Treatment is","input":"Choices: ['PPI', 'Dilatation', 'Esophagectomy', \"Heller's cardiomyotomy\"]","output":"Heller's cardiomyotomy"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following scientist propagated 'therapeutic community concept:","input":"Choices: ['JB Watson', 'Maxwell Jones', 'Freud', 'Adler']","output":"Maxwell Jones"} +{"instruction":"A 60-year-old man who underwent phacoemulsification surgeryand placement of foldable intraocular lens of left eye a year back has come with complaints of hazy vision now in that eye. There is no associate redness or pain or watering of eye. The most common cause is:","input":"Choices: ['Posterior capsular opacification', 'Cystoid macular edema', 'Neovascular glaucoma', 'Chorioretinits']","output":"Posterior capsular opacification"} +{"instruction":"All are cardiovascular effects of parasympathetic stimulation except -","input":"Choices: ['Decreased heart rate', 'Decreased conduction', 'Increased automaticity', 'Increased refractive period']","output":"Increased automaticity"} +{"instruction":"A 30-year-old male with NIDDM has a blood pressure of 150\/90. Ills urine examination reveals persistent albuminuria in traces. The most appropriated line of treatment would be -","input":"Choices: ['Non treatment', 'Regular examination of urine and monitoring of blood sugar', 'Administering lisinopril and restriction of sodium', 'Restriction of sodium only']","output":"Administering lisinopril and restriction of sodium"} +{"instruction":"A female developed ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome during the treatment of infeility. What is the MOST common cause of ovarian hyperstimulation?","input":"Choices: ['FSH\/LH therapy', 'GnRH drugs', 'Clomiphene', 'Danazol']","output":"FSH\/LH therapy"} +{"instruction":"Koplik's spots are seen in: September 2008","input":"Choices: ['Typhoid', 'Measles', 'Mumps', 'Polio']","output":"Measles"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is the best indication for transfer of material blood components to an infant:","input":"Choices: ['Plasma to prevent ITP', 'RBCs to prevent TA-GVH', 'Plasma to prevent NAIT (Neonatal Alloimmune Idiopathic Thrombocytopenia)', 'Platelets to prevent NAIT']","output":"Platelets to prevent NAIT"} +{"instruction":"Treatment of choice in bronchiolitis in -","input":"Choices: ['Ribavirin', 'Amantadine', 'Vidarabine', 'Zidovudine']","output":"Ribavirin"} +{"instruction":"Commonest cause of non - engagement at term, in primi is :","input":"Choices: ['CPD', 'Hydramnios', 'Brow presentation', 'Breech']","output":"CPD"} +{"instruction":"Patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis are at increase risk of developing","input":"Choices: ['Papillary carcinoma', 'Follicular carcinoma', 'T-cell lymphoma', 'B-cell lymphoma']","output":"B-cell lymphoma"} +{"instruction":"Auditory fatigue is seen at -","input":"Choices: ['90 dB, 4000Hz', '110 dB, 4000Hz', '130 dB, 4000Hz', '150 dB, 4000Hz']","output":"90 dB, 4000Hz"} +{"instruction":"Long term tamoxifen therapy may cause :","input":"Choices: ['Endometrium Ca', 'Ovary Ca', 'Cervix Ca', 'Vagina Ca']","output":"Endometrium Ca"} +{"instruction":"A histologic evidence of widespread formation of globular hypocaLcified dentin and puLp horns reaching the dentinoenamel junction, absence of lamina dura around the tooth in radiograph are the characteristic features of","input":"Choices: ['Vitamin-D resistant rickets', 'Hypophosphatasia', 'Hypervitaminosis-A', 'Vitamin-A deficiency']","output":"Vitamin-D resistant rickets"} +{"instruction":"Good prognosis in schizophrenia is indicated by","input":"Choices: ['Soft neurological signs', 'Affective symptoms', 'Emotional blunting', 'Insidious onset']","output":"Affective symptoms"} +{"instruction":"Which one of the following is not true for an α-helix","input":"Choices: ['It is one of the most important secondary structure', 'It has a net dipole moment', 'All hydrogen bonds are aligned in the same direction', 'Long stretches of left handed α-helices occur in proteins']","output":"Long stretches of left handed α-helices occur in proteins"} +{"instruction":"In renal disease albumin is the first protein to appear in urine because:","input":"Choices: ['Of its high concentration in plasma', 'It has molecular weight slightly greater than the molecules normally getting filtered', 'Of high Albumin: Globulin ratio', 'Tubular epithelial cells are sensitive to albumin']","output":"It has molecular weight slightly greater than the molecules normally getting filtered"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is not true about Xenon anaesthesia –","input":"Choices: ['Non explosive', 'Minimal cardiovascular side effects', 'Slow induction and slow recovery', 'Low blood gas solubility']","output":"Slow induction and slow recovery"} +{"instruction":"The most appropriate circuit for ventilating a spontaneously breathing infant during anaesthersia is","input":"Choices: [\"Jackson rees modification of Ayre's t piece\", \"Mapleson a or magill'scircuint\", 'Mapleson c or Waters to and fro canister', 'Bains circuit']","output":"Jackson rees modification of Ayre's t piece"} +{"instruction":"which antibody is called the millionaire molecule","input":"Choices: ['IgA', 'IgM', 'IgG', 'IgD']","output":"IgM"} +{"instruction":"Roof of orbit is fractured due to: AIIMS 09","input":"Choices: ['Blow on forehead', 'Blow on lower jaw', 'Fall on back', 'Blow in parietal region']","output":"Fall on back"} +{"instruction":". E-cadherin is more often mutated","input":"Choices: ['Diffuse type of gastric cancer', 'Carcinoid tumour', 'Malignant ulcer of Stomach', 'Erosive gastritis']","output":"Diffuse type of gastric cancer"} +{"instruction":"Recommended daily supplement of vitamin D3 for females is:","input":"Choices: ['200-500 IU', '500-1000 IU', '1000-2000 IU', '2000-2500 IU']","output":"1000-2000 IU"} +{"instruction":"True about atrioventricular groove are all except ?","input":"Choices: ['Contains left anterior descending coronary aery', 'Also called coronary sulcus', 'Contains right coronary aery', 'Contains circumflex branch of left coronary aery']","output":"Contains left anterior descending coronary aery"} +{"instruction":"All are used in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) except:","input":"Choices: ['Phenobarbitone', 'Methyl phenidate', 'Dextro-amphetamine', 'None']","output":"Phenobarbitone"} +{"instruction":"All of the following are true about fetal circulation EXCEPT?","input":"Choices: ['Pulmonary vascular resistance is low', 'Umbilical aeries carry deoxygenated blood', 'Lungs are collapsed and filled with fluid', 'source of oxygen in fetal circulation is placenta']","output":"Pulmonary vascular resistance is low"} +{"instruction":"Commonest skin infection in children is -","input":"Choices: ['Scabies', 'Impetigo contagiosa', 'Molluscum contagiosa', 'Was']","output":"Impetigo contagiosa"} +{"instruction":"The earliest indicator of response after staing iron in a 6 year old girl with iron deficiency is:","input":"Choices: ['Increased reticulocyte count', 'Increased hemoglobin', 'Increased ferritin', 'Increased serum iron']","output":"Increased reticulocyte count"} +{"instruction":"Sonu, a 30 year old chronic alcoholic presents with sudden onset of epigastric pain that radiates to the back. All are seen, EXCEPT:","input":"Choices: ['Low serum lipase', 'Increased LDL', 'Hypocalcemia', 'Increased serum amylase']","output":"Low serum lipase"} +{"instruction":"The colorless or transparent pit and fissure sealants are usually","input":"Choices: ['Indicated only in case of rampant caries', 'Accepted even though retention is limited', 'Limited to buccal pits', 'Indicated only before six years of age']","output":"Accepted even though retention is limited"} +{"instruction":"Syneresis refers to:","input":"Choices: ['Liquefaction of the vitreous', 'Black spots in front of the eye', 'Collapse of the vitreous', 'Detachment of the vitreous']","output":"Collapse of the vitreous"} +{"instruction":"Tunica reaction is positive in ?","input":"Choices: ['R prowazekii', 'R typhi', 'R tsutsugamushi', 'R akari']","output":"R typhi"} +{"instruction":"Commonest side effect of Dapsone is:","input":"Choices: ['Hemolytic anemia', 'Thrombocytopenia', 'Cyanosis', 'Bone marrow depression']","output":"Hemolytic anemia"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is\/are sign of fracture ?","input":"Choices: ['Abnormal mobility', 'Crepitus', 'Failure to transmit movement proximally', 'All of above']","output":"All of above"} +{"instruction":"All of the following statements about Hairy cell leukaemia are true except:","input":"Choices: ['Splenomegaly is conspicuous', 'Results from an expansion of neoplastic T lymphocytes', 'Cells are positive for Tarate Resistant Acid phosphatase', 'The cells express CD25 consistently']","output":"Results from an expansion of neoplastic T lymphocytes"} +{"instruction":"Condition which is always bilateral:","input":"Choices: ['Infantile glaucoma', 'Megalocornea', 'Acute congestive glaucoma', 'All of the above']","output":"Megalocornea"} +{"instruction":"Protein implicated in Familial Amyloidosis is","input":"Choices: ['Serum amyloid A', 'b2-microglobulin', 'Amyloid b peptide', 'Transthyretin']","output":"Transthyretin"} +{"instruction":"HLA is located on:-","input":"Choices: ['Sho arm of chr-6', 'Long arm of chr-6', 'Sho arm of chr-3', 'Long arm of chr-3']","output":"Sho arm of chr-6"} +{"instruction":"Injection DMPA is given once in ?","input":"Choices: ['3 days', '3 week', '3 months', '3 years']","output":"3 months"} +{"instruction":"A 40 year old female patient presents to the clinic for teeth cleaning. Intra-oral examination reveals poor oral hygiene with generalized supragingival plaque covering atleast two-thirds of the crown surfaces. Silver amalgam restorations seen with 16, 17, 26 and 27. What type of corrosion may be seen with the restored teeth of this patient?","input":"Choices: ['Galvanic shock', 'Tarnish', 'Concentration cell corrosion', 'Stress corrosion']","output":"Concentration cell corrosion"} +{"instruction":"A person had injury to right upper limb he is not able to extend fingers but able to extend wrist and elbow. Nerve injured is ?","input":"Choices: ['Radial', 'Median', 'Ulnar', 'Posterior interosseus']","output":"Posterior interosseus"} +{"instruction":"Glycine can be synthesized by all except:","input":"Choices: ['Glyoxalate', 'Leucine', 'Serine', 'Threonine']","output":"Leucine"} +{"instruction":"When is this gross motor milestone attained by a child?","input":"Choices: ['6 months', '12 months', '15 months', '24 months']","output":"15 months"} +{"instruction":"Confabulation means","input":"Choices: ['Misinterpretation of stimulus by any of the special sense organs', 'Perception in the absence of a stimulus', 'Making stories to fill in the gaps caused by memory loss', 'Conversion with imaginary person']","output":"Making stories to fill in the gaps caused by memory loss"} +{"instruction":"mGluR 4 is associated with which taste?","input":"Choices: ['Sweet', 'Sour', 'Bitter', 'Umami']","output":"Umami"} +{"instruction":"Treatment for Cervical infeility can be all except:","input":"Choices: ['Condom for 3 month', 'IUI', 'Gamete Intrafallopian transfer', 'Clomiphene citrate']","output":"Clomiphene citrate"} +{"instruction":"Most common location of SEGA (sub ependymal giant cell strocytoma)","input":"Choices: ['Foramen of monro', 'Foramen of luschka', 'Foramen of magendine', 'Roof of lateral ventricle']","output":"Foramen of monro"} +{"instruction":"All are true about para umbilical hernia except","input":"Choices: ['Occurs adjacent to umbilicus', \"Can lead to Richter's hernia\", 'High chances of strangulation', 'Conservative management']","output":"Conservative management"} +{"instruction":"Levonorgestrol containing IUCD prevents pregnancy primarily due to: March 2007","input":"Choices: ['Making endometrium unreceptive', 'Suppressing ovulation', 'Initiating inflammatory changes within the endometrium', 'Making cervical mucus thin']","output":"Making endometrium unreceptive"} +{"instruction":"What is not associated with DIC -","input":"Choices: ['Thrombocytopenia', 'Increased PT', 'Hyperfibrinogenemia', 'Increased FDP']","output":"Hyperfibrinogenemia"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following procedure is a sequential step of osseous resection technique?","input":"Choices: ['Hemisection', 'Root resection', 'Radicular blending', 'Tunneling']","output":"Radicular blending"} +{"instruction":"Methemoglobinemia can be treated by:","input":"Choices: ['Methylene blue', 'Vitamin K', 'Vitamin A', 'All of the above']","output":"Methylene blue"} +{"instruction":"There was a sudden increases in the size of thyroid swelling along with pain. Most likely cause is -","input":"Choices: ['Hemorrhage within the cyst (Thyroid)', 'Malignant change', 'Nodular goiter', 'Colloid goiter']","output":"Hemorrhage within the cyst (Thyroid)"} +{"instruction":"Median atlantoaxial joint is a type of","input":"Choices: ['Coadylar joint', 'Ellipsoid joint', 'Pivot joint', 'Ball and Socket joint']","output":"Pivot joint"} +{"instruction":"Contractile dysfunction seen in which type of cardiomyopathy?","input":"Choices: ['Dilated', 'Restricted', 'Hypertrophic', 'Infiltrative']","output":"Dilated"} +{"instruction":"Best skin disinfectant for central line inseion is:","input":"Choices: ['Povione iodine', 'Alcohol', 'Cetrimide', 'Chlorhexidine']","output":"Chlorhexidine"} +{"instruction":"Pruned tree appearance of pulmonary circulation is a feature of","input":"Choices: ['Pulmonary stenosis', 'Pulmonary regurgitation', 'Pulmonary embolism', 'Pulmonary artery Hypertension']","output":"Pulmonary artery Hypertension"} +{"instruction":"A patient Amit Kumar is suffering from atherosclerosis. Which of the following is the most beneficial drug for prevention of stroke in this patient ?","input":"Choices: ['Aspirin', 'Warfarin', 'Low dose subcutaneous heparin', 'Digoxin']","output":"Aspirin"} +{"instruction":"Commonest presentation of wilm's tumour is -","input":"Choices: ['Hematuria', 'Abdomial lump', 'Hydronephrosis', 'Pain in abdomen.']","output":"Abdomial lump"} +{"instruction":"How many Lactiferous ducts open in nipple -","input":"Choices: ['0-10', '15-20', '25-50', '50-75']","output":"15-20"} +{"instruction":"In Esophageal cancer prognosis is best determined by:","input":"Choices: ['Cellular differentiation', 'Age of patient', 'T stage', 'Length of involvement']","output":"T stage"} +{"instruction":"Urethral closure involves interplay of following structures except","input":"Choices: ['Suburethral vaginal hammock', 'Pubourethral Ligaments', 'Pubococcygeus muscle', 'Puborectalis muscle.']","output":"Puborectalis muscle."} +{"instruction":"What is TRUE about Lovastatin","input":"Choices: ['Inhibits HMG CoA synthetase', 'Inhibits HMG CoA reductase', 'Myositis may result from its prolonged use', 'Decrease synthesis of cholesterol and causes lenticular opacity']","output":"Inhibits HMG CoA reductase"} +{"instruction":"A patient has MCV <80, MCH <23. Which type of anaemia shall be classified?","input":"Choices: ['Normocytic hypochromic', 'Microcytic hypochromic', 'Hyperchromic macrocytic', 'Normocytic normochromic']","output":"Microcytic hypochromic"} +{"instruction":"In glomerulus subendothelial deposits are seen jib -","input":"Choices: ['Good pasture syndrome', 'IgA nephropathy', 'MPGN type I', 'MPGN type II']","output":"MPGN type I"} +{"instruction":"6 years old drowsy child is brought to emergency with a history of vomitings and loose motion for 3 days. On examination, he had sunken eyes, hypothermia, skin on pinching taken very long time to reve. Diagnosis is","input":"Choices: ['No dehydration', 'Mild dehydration', 'Some dehydration', 'Severe dehydration']","output":"Severe dehydration"} +{"instruction":"Ingested lead is mainly eliminated through:","input":"Choices: ['Stool', 'Urine', 'Sweat', 'Almost 100% lymphatics in gut']","output":"Stool"} +{"instruction":"A knownHIV positive patient is admitted in anisolation ward after an abdominal surgery followingan accident. The resident docter who changed hisdressing the next day found it to be soaked in blood hich of the following would be the right method ofchoice of descarding the dressing -","input":"Choices: ['Pour 1% hypochloric on the dressing materialand send it for incineration in a appropriate bag', 'Pour 5% hypochlorite on the dressing materialand send it for incineration in a appropriate bag', 'Put the dressing material directly in anappropriate bag and send for incineration', 'Pour2% Lysol on the dressing material and sendit for incineration in a appropriate bag']","output":"Put the dressing material directly in anappropriate bag and send for incineration"} +{"instruction":"All of the following are causes of pancytopenia with cellular bone marrow except:","input":"Choices: ['Paroxysomal noctural hemoglobinuria', 'Dyskeratosis congenita', 'Megaloblastic anemia', 'Hairy cell leukemia']","output":"Dyskeratosis congenita"} +{"instruction":"Peliosis hepatis is caused by all except -","input":"Choices: ['Analgesics', 'Anabolic steroids', 'OC pills', 'Danazol']","output":"Analgesics"} +{"instruction":"The first anaesthetic used in clinical anaesthesia:","input":"Choices: ['Bupivacaine', 'Cocaine', 'Lidocaine', 'Procaine']","output":"Cocaine"} +{"instruction":"Quickening is felt at:","input":"Choices: ['8-12 wk', '16-20 wk', '20-24 wk', '24-28 wk']","output":"16-20 wk"} +{"instruction":"True about Glutathione -","input":"Choices: ['Tripeptide', 'Formed from glutamic acid, glycine, cysteine', 'Act as an antioxidant in the reduced state', 'All of the above']","output":"All of the above"} +{"instruction":"Most common site of lymphangiosarcoma is","input":"Choices: ['Liver', 'Spleen', 'Retroperitoneum', 'Post mastectomy arm']","output":"Post mastectomy arm"} +{"instruction":"True about composition of hospital waste","input":"Choices: ['Metal 1%', 'Paper 10%', 'Glass 5%', 'Infectious waste 3%']","output":"Metal 1%"} +{"instruction":"Present \"General fertility rates\"","input":"Choices: ['84', '118', '128', '138']","output":"84"} +{"instruction":"In a patient of orbital cellulitis, microorganism on culture shows greenish colonies and optochin sensitivity. The most likely organism is","input":"Choices: ['Streptococcus viridans', 'Staphylococcus', 'Pseudomonas', 'Pneumococcus']","output":"Pneumococcus"} +{"instruction":"Conjuntival adrenochrome is side effect of?","input":"Choices: ['Adrenergic agonist', 'Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor', 'PG analogue', 'Parasympathomimetic']","output":"Adrenergic agonist"} +{"instruction":"Gilletes's space indicates which of the following?","input":"Choices: ['Preveebral space', 'Paraveebral space', 'Retropharyngeal space', 'Perotinsillar space']","output":"Retropharyngeal space"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following drugs used for endometriosis can cause increase in hepatic enzyme and adverse lipid profile?","input":"Choices: ['OC pills', 'LNG IUD', 'GnRH analogues', 'Dienogest']","output":"OC pills"} +{"instruction":"Lutembacker syndrome - include A\/E ?","input":"Choices: ['Mitral stenosis', 'ASD', 'VSD', 'Left to right shunt']","output":"VSD"} +{"instruction":"Second line AKT drug causing peripheral neuropathy -","input":"Choices: ['Ethionamide', 'Rifabutin', 'PAS', 'Moxifloxacin']","output":"Ethionamide"} +{"instruction":"The occurrence of hyperthyroidism following administration of supplemental iodine to subject with endemic iodine deficiency goitre is known as","input":"Choices: ['jod – basedow effect', 'wolff- chalkoff effect', 'thyrotoxicosis facticia', 'dequervain’s thyroiditis']","output":"jod – basedow effect"} +{"instruction":"A 4-year-old child presented with decreased urine output for last 20 hours & petechial spots over the body. There was a history of diarrhea 2 weeks prior to this. Blood investigations revealed a Hb level of 7 g\/dl, TLC 11,800\/mm3, Platelet count of 35,000\/mm3. His peripheral smear findings are shown belowWhat is the diagnosis?","input":"Choices: ['Malaria', 'Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura', 'Acute tubular necrosis', 'Hemolytic uremic syndrome']","output":"Hemolytic uremic syndrome"} +{"instruction":"The superelastic property of the NiTi wire is due to","input":"Choices: ['Stress induced phase transition from the austenitic to the martensitic phase', 'Temperature induced phase transition from the martensitic to the austenitic phase', 'Stress induced phase transition from the martensitic to the austenitic phase', 'Temperature induced phase transition from the austenitic to the martensitic phase']","output":"Stress induced phase transition from the austenitic to the martensitic phase"} +{"instruction":"A 35 year old male underwent the following procedure before his surgery, After 2 days he developed headache which gets relieved by lying down.What is the definitive treatment for this?","input":"Choices: ['NSAIDs and caffeine', 'Physiotherapy', 'Autologous blood patch', 'Caffeine']","output":"Autologous blood patch"} +{"instruction":"In Budd chiary syndrome , the site of venous thrombosis is","input":"Choices: ['Infra venal IVC', 'Infra hepatic IVC', 'Hepatic veins', 'Portal veins']","output":"Hepatic veins"} +{"instruction":"Enzyme involved in Von Girke disease is?","input":"Choices: ['Muscle glycogen Phosphorylase', 'Glucose 6 Phosphatase', 'Debranching enzyme', 'Branching enzyme']","output":"Glucose 6 Phosphatase"} +{"instruction":"Beta blockers used in CHF is","input":"Choices: ['Timolol', 'Atenolol', 'Acebutalol', 'Carvedilol']","output":"Carvedilol"} +{"instruction":"Most important factor associated with progression of HIV positive to AIDS is?","input":"Choices: ['Nutrition', 'Viral load', 'Age', 'CD4 count']","output":"CD4 count"} +{"instruction":"True statement regarding Pneumococcus is ?","input":"Choices: ['Virulence is due to polysaccharide capsule', 'Capsule is protein in nature', 'Antibodies against capsule are not protective', 'Resistance to antibiotics has not yet been repoed']","output":"Virulence is due to polysaccharide capsule"} +{"instruction":"A circumferential clasp arm:","input":"Choices: ['Originates above the height of contour', 'Originates below the height of contour', 'Traverses soft tissue', 'Approaches undercut from gingival direction']","output":"Originates above the height of contour"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is not transmitted transplacentally –","input":"Choices: ['Mumps', 'Syphilis', 'Rubella', 'Toxoplasma']","output":"Mumps"} +{"instruction":"What is preserved in radical neck dissection","input":"Choices: ['Carotids', 'Jugular vein', 'Accessory nerve', 'Sternocleido mastoid']","output":"Carotids"} +{"instruction":"Greisinger's sign is suggestive of-","input":"Choices: ['Acute mastoiditis with lateral sinus thrombosis', 'Maxillary cancer with spread to nasal cavity', 'Rhinosporidiosis', 'Jugular vein thrombosis']","output":"Acute mastoiditis with lateral sinus thrombosis"} +{"instruction":"Amylnitrate is used in which of the following poisoning-","input":"Choices: ['Hydrocyanide poisoning', 'Red phosphorus', 'Yelow phosphorus', 'Arsenic poisoning']","output":"Hydrocyanide poisoning"} +{"instruction":"Which drug can cause macular toxicity when given intravitreally ?","input":"Choices: ['Gentamicin', 'Vancomycin', 'Dexamethasone', 'Ceftazidime']","output":"Gentamicin"} +{"instruction":"A patient presented with painless b\/1 proptosis. What is the next investigation to diagnose it as chloroma?","input":"Choices: ['Blood haemoglobin', 'Peripheral smear', 'Platelets', 'Bone marrow (reticulin)']","output":"Peripheral smear"} +{"instruction":"Young female presents with hypeension with VMA >14 mg\/day, associated with -a) Medullary Ca Thyroidb) Von Hippel Lindau diseasec) Sturge weber syndromed) Grave's diseasee) Neurofibromatosis","input":"Choices: ['bcd', 'abc', 'acde', 'abce']","output":"abce"} +{"instruction":"The ratio of c peptide: insulin in normal adults is","input":"Choices: ['2:01', '1:02', '1:01', '1:04']","output":"1:01"} +{"instruction":"A 7 year old presents with left exotropia; right eye has 6\/6 vision with normal fundus. Left eye has only close hand movements with subretinal yellow exudates and retinal detachment and telegiectatic vessels. Diagnosis is:","input":"Choices: ['Sympathetic ophthalmia', 'Coats disease', 'ROP', 'Familial exudative vitreous retinopathy (FEVR)']","output":"Coats disease"} +{"instruction":"Colour of crystals in postive florence test is ?","input":"Choices: ['Yellow', 'White', 'Purple', 'Dark brown']","output":"Yellow"} +{"instruction":"Hypotony maculopathy, which of the following is not a cause?","input":"Choices: ['Perforating Corneal ulcer', 'Overfiltering bleb', 'Cyclodialysis', 'Suprachoroidal hemorrhage']","output":"Suprachoroidal hemorrhage"} +{"instruction":"Foramen of winslow is a communication between -","input":"Choices: ['Right and left subhepatic spaces', 'Right and left extraperitoneal spaces', \"Greater sac and Morrison's pouch\", 'Greater sac and lesser sac']","output":"Greater sac and lesser sac"} +{"instruction":"Biconcave shape of RBC is useful for all, EXCEPT:","input":"Choices: ['Allows considerable alteration in cell volume', 'Increasing surface area for diffusion', 'Resisting hemolysis', 'Passing easily through smaller capillaries']","output":"Increasing surface area for diffusion"} +{"instruction":"The peripheral blood smear of a patient shows features of thalassemia, also presented with anemia. Family history is also +ve. The investigation was done to establish the diagnosis is -","input":"Choices: ['ESR estimation', 'Blood spherocyte estimation', 'Bone marrow aspiration', 'Hb-electrophoresis']","output":"Hb-electrophoresis"} +{"instruction":"All of the following statements regarding theophylline are true except:","input":"Choices: ['Increases cAMP', 'Inhibits phosphodiesterase', 'Increase in dose is required in smokers', 'Increase in dose is required in cardiopulmonary disease']","output":"Increase in dose is required in cardiopulmonary disease"} +{"instruction":"Pigmented lesion in mouth and not in skin -","input":"Choices: ['Cushing syndrome', 'Addison disease', 'Peutz Jegers', 'None of the above']","output":"None of the above"} +{"instruction":"All of the following are cells present in cerebellar coex, EXCEPT:","input":"Choices: ['Purkinje', 'Bipolar', 'Granule', 'Golgi']","output":"Bipolar"} +{"instruction":"Female patient with loss of interest in sex is known as: September 2006","input":"Choices: ['Vaginismus', 'Impotency', 'Sterility', 'Frigidity']","output":"Frigidity"} +{"instruction":"Proved association of celiac sprue is with:","input":"Choices: ['Dermatitis herpetiformis', 'Scleroderma', 'Pemphigus', 'Pemphoid']","output":"Dermatitis herpetiformis"} +{"instruction":"Autoimmune destruction of platelet is seen in -","input":"Choices: ['SLE', 'Rheumatoid arthritis', 'Reiter disease', 'Polyarteritis nodosa']","output":"SLE"} +{"instruction":"All of the following show relationship between two variables except?","input":"Choices: ['Correlation coefficient', 'Scatter diagram', 'Dot diagram', 'Line diagram']","output":"Line diagram"} +{"instruction":"Enzyme not involved in DNA replication is","input":"Choices: ['Telomerase', 'Reverse transcriptase', 'Restriction endonuclease', 'DNA ligase']","output":"Reverse transcriptase"} +{"instruction":"DNA finger printing is done by:","input":"Choices: ['Splitting DNA', 'DNA of WBC', 'DNA from nucleated cells', 'All of the above']","output":"All of the above"} +{"instruction":"All of the following are true of atrial fibrillation EXCEPT","input":"Choices: ['Occurs in rheumatic mitral stenosis', 'May cause thromboembolic complications', 'Pulse is irregularly irregular', 'Associated with sinus bradycardia']","output":"Associated with sinus bradycardia"} +{"instruction":"A female patient is having diarrhea and abdominal distension. Small intestinal biopsy shows villous atrophy and crypt hyperplasia. Diagnosis is ?","input":"Choices: ['Celiac sprue', 'Tropical sprue', 'Whipples disease', \"Hirchsprung's disease\"]","output":"Celiac sprue"} +{"instruction":"True about criggler najjar type-II syndrome is ?","input":"Choices: ['Diglucuronide deficiency', 'Recessive trait', 'Kernicterus is seen', 'Phenobarbitone not useful']","output":"Diglucuronide deficiency"} +{"instruction":"A 3-week-old neonate who began vomiting 2 days after birth, usually within 30 minutes after breastfeeding. He also has abdominal distension with enlargement of liver, with jaundice. The consulting doctor did two urine dipstick test, one specific for glucose was negative, second test specific for reducing sugar was positive. What is the diagnosis?","input":"Choices: ['Hereditary fructose intolerance', 'Classic galactosemia', 'Essential fructosuria', 'Essential pentosuria']","output":"Classic galactosemia"} +{"instruction":"Meniscal tears usually result from which of the following circumstances?","input":"Choices: ['Hyperextension', 'Flexion and rotation', 'Simple hyperflexion', 'Compression']","output":"Flexion and rotation"} +{"instruction":"Asherman&;s syndrome can be diagnosed by all except","input":"Choices: ['Hysterosalpingography', 'Saline sonography', 'Endometrial culture', 'Hysteroscopy']","output":"Endometrial culture"} +{"instruction":"Mechanism of action of Aspirin in MI is :","input":"Choices: ['Thromboxane A2 synthesis inhibition', 'Thromboxane A2 synthesis stimulation', 'Antagonist of adenosine', 'Stimulation of PGF2 synthesis']","output":"Thromboxane A2 synthesis inhibition"} +{"instruction":"In molecular cloning, Blue-white screening is used for","input":"Choices: ['To screen for recombinant vectors', 'To detect gene mutations', 'To identify desired chromosal DNA inse in plasmid vectors', 'To detect host DNA in situ']","output":"To identify desired chromosal DNA inse in plasmid vectors"} +{"instruction":"Osteosclerotic bone metastasis is found most commonly in which carcinoma:","input":"Choices: ['Kidney', 'Thyroid', 'Lung', 'Prostate']","output":"Prostate"} +{"instruction":"Tests for detection of heavy metal:","input":"Choices: [\"Harrison's Gilroy test.\", 'Atomic absorption spectroscopy', 'Neutron activation analysis', 'All']","output":"All"} +{"instruction":"FALSE about annular pancreas is","input":"Choices: [\"Prevalent in Down's syndrome\", 'Bilious vomiting', 'Double - bubble sign on X-ray', 'Gastrojejunostomy offers best remedy']","output":"Gastrojejunostomy offers best remedy"} +{"instruction":"All of following are used for routine medical treatment of acute pancreatitis except ?","input":"Choices: ['Ringers Lactate', 'Normal Saline', 'IV opiates', 'Gabexate mesilate']","output":"Gabexate mesilate"} +{"instruction":"Ewing's sarcoma is associated with","input":"Choices: ['CD-56', 'CD-38', 'CD-117', 'CD-139']","output":"CD-56"} +{"instruction":"The shown instrument is used for the dissection of:-","input":"Choices: ['Femur', 'Liver', 'Spinal cord', 'Brain']","output":"Spinal cord"} +{"instruction":"Ohodromic conduction is","input":"Choices: ['An axon can conduct impulse in one direction only', 'An axon can conduct impulse in both direction', 'The jumping of depolarization from node to node', 'The print at which a runaway spike potential']","output":"An axon can conduct impulse in one direction only"} +{"instruction":"Highest trans-membrane voltage difference exists for which of the following cells?","input":"Choices: ['Smooth muscle cell', 'Hair cell', 'Purkinje fiber', 'Skeletal muscle fiber']","output":"Hair cell"} +{"instruction":"Which aery does not contribute to little's area:","input":"Choices: ['Anterior ethmoidal aery', 'Septalbrach of facial aery', 'Sphenopalatine aery', 'Posterior ethmoidal aery']","output":"Posterior ethmoidal aery"} +{"instruction":"Carcinomas of all of following sites metastasize to vertebral column except -","input":"Choices: ['Breast', 'Bronchus', 'Prostate', 'Esophagus']","output":"Esophagus"} +{"instruction":"Acute changes in brain due to wernicke's encephalopathy in chronic alcoholics is most frequently seen in:","input":"Choices: ['Mamillary bodies', 'Aqueduct of the midbrain', 'Around the third ventricle', 'Around the fouh ventricle']","output":"Mamillary bodies"} +{"instruction":"Serum sickness is which type of hypersensitivity reaction: September 2011","input":"Choices: ['Type I', 'Type II', 'Type III', 'Type IV']","output":"Type III"} +{"instruction":"Cyst around crown of uninterrupted tooth is","input":"Choices: ['Periapical cyst', 'Radicular cyst', 'Dentigerous cyst', 'Odontogenous cyst']","output":"Dentigerous cyst"} +{"instruction":"Lateral ventricle is connected to the third ventricle by the?","input":"Choices: ['Foramen of Monro', 'Foramen of Magendie', 'Foramen of Luschka', 'Median foramen']","output":"Foramen of Monro"} +{"instruction":"Uterus is suppoed in the pelvis by all of the following except ?","input":"Choices: ['Uterosacral ligament', 'Broad Ligament', 'Mackenrodts ligament', 'Levator ani']","output":"Broad Ligament"} +{"instruction":"The hea lesion not found in Congenital Rubella infection is","input":"Choices: ['ASD', 'VSD', 'PDA', 'PS']","output":"ASD"} +{"instruction":"True about Giardia is -","input":"Choices: [\"May cause traveller's diarrhea\", 'Giardia inhabits mainly ileum', 'Trophozoites are infective to man', 'None of the above']","output":"May cause traveller's diarrhea"} +{"instruction":"Most common site of bony metastases in Retinoblastoma-","input":"Choices: ['Skull bones', 'Hip bones', 'Ribs', 'Veebrae']","output":"Skull bones"} +{"instruction":"Which is the best test for Conn syndrome?","input":"Choices: ['Urinary metanephrines', 'Plasma aldosterone to renin ratio', 'Urinary electrolytes', 'Renal vein renin levels']","output":"Plasma aldosterone to renin ratio"} +{"instruction":"Long term used taxmoxifen causes :","input":"Choices: ['Endometrium Ca', 'Ovary Ca', 'Cervix Ca', 'Vagina Ca']","output":"Endometrium Ca"} +{"instruction":"A 80-year-old woman is brought by her daughter due to progressive forgetfulness over the past few years. She often forgets the way home and cannot remember the right words. She also has problem in multi-tasking. Lately she has trouble doing activities of daily living and has also developed agnosia, aphasia and anomia but gait of the patient is normal. Which of the following structures would be most likely atrophied in this patient and the gene affected: -","input":"Choices: ['AREA INVOLVED = AREA B \/ GENE INVOLVED = APO E1', 'AREA INVOLVED = AREA A\/ GENE INVOLVED = APO E4', 'AREA INVOLVED = AREA C\/ GENE INVOLVED = APO E2', 'AREA INVOLVED = AREA A \/ GENE INVOLVED = APO E3']","output":"AREA INVOLVED = AREA A\/ GENE INVOLVED = APO E4"} +{"instruction":"Spongiosis is seen in:","input":"Choices: ['Acute eczema', 'Lichen planus', 'Psoriasis', 'Pemphigus']","output":"Acute eczema"} +{"instruction":"The beneficial effect of drug neostigmine in the treatment of Myasthenia gravis is due to the action","input":"Choices: ['It produces more acetylcholine', 'It inhibits the action of cholinesterase', 'It produces more acetylcholine receptors', 'It increases the action of cholinesterase']","output":"It inhibits the action of cholinesterase"} +{"instruction":"O2 consumption by the hea is determined primarily by","input":"Choices: ['Intramyocardial Tension', 'Contractile state of hea', 'Hea rate', 'All of the above']","output":"All of the above"} +{"instruction":"An albino girl gets married to a normal boy. What are the chances of their having an affected child and what are the chances of their children being carriers?","input":"Choices: ['None affected, all carriers', 'All normal', '50% carriers', '50% affected, 50% carriers']","output":"None affected, all carriers"} +{"instruction":"Ablation of the \"somatosensory area V of the cerebral cortex leads to:","input":"Choices: ['Total loss of pain sensation', 'Total loss of touch sensation', 'Loss of tactile localization but not of two point dis- crimination', 'Loss of tactile localization and two point discrimination']","output":"Loss of tactile localization and two point discrimination"} +{"instruction":"All are true about splenic artery EXCEPT","input":"Choices: ['It lies posterior to superior border of pancreas', 'It runs inside Splenorenal ligament', 'It is an End artery', 'It is a branch of coeliac trunk']","output":"It lies posterior to superior border of pancreas"} +{"instruction":"One of the following drug causes least gain in weight","input":"Choices: ['Quetiapine', 'Ziprasidone', 'Olanzapine', 'Risperidone']","output":"Ziprasidone"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following Trinucleotide repeat mutation is present in Huntington's disease?","input":"Choices: ['CGG', 'GAA', 'CTG', 'CAG']","output":"CAG"} +{"instruction":"which of the following is a relative contra indication for ECT","input":"Choices: ['pediatrics', 'brain tumour', 'geriatrics', 'pregnacy']","output":"brain tumour"} +{"instruction":"Dawson Fingers are feature of","input":"Choices: ['Parkinsonism', 'Multiple Sclerosis', 'Progressive supra nuclear palsy', 'CJD']","output":"Multiple Sclerosis"} +{"instruction":"All of the following are used in diagnosis of HIV in a 2 month old child except:","input":"Choices: ['HIV ELISA', 'p24 antigen assay', 'DNA PCR', 'Viral culture']","output":"HIV ELISA"} +{"instruction":"A medical student could not deliver seminar, fearing his senior despite knowing that they are suppoive. He fuher has difficulty speaking in front of others and also avoids going to the paies. The most likely diagnosis is :","input":"Choices: ['Agoraphobia', 'Claustrophobia', 'Social phobia', 'Acrophobia']","output":"Social phobia"} +{"instruction":"Pruritis of vulva may be a symptom of: March 2004","input":"Choices: ['Candidiasis', 'Trichmoniasis vaginitis', 'Early carcinoma of vulva', 'All of the above']","output":"All of the above"} +{"instruction":"Investigation of choice of diphtheria carrier is:-","input":"Choices: ['Throat Swab Culture', \"Gram's stain\", 'Albe stain', 'Zeihl Neelsen stain']","output":"Throat Swab Culture"} +{"instruction":"A double aoic arch is due to persistency of the following segment:","input":"Choices: ['Right dorsal aoa', 'Left dorsal aoa', 'Right primitive atrium', 'Left primitive atrium']","output":"Right dorsal aoa"} +{"instruction":"Supination and Pronation occurs at-","input":"Choices: ['Wrist joint', 'Radio-ulnar joints', 'Elbowjoint', 'Midcarpaljont']","output":"Radio-ulnar joints"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is the most common complication of immunosuppression","input":"Choices: ['Graft rejection', 'Malignancy', 'Thrombocytopenia', 'Infection']","output":"Infection"} +{"instruction":"Hormone which is not increased in stress-","input":"Choices: ['Insulin', 'Cortisol', 'Glucagon', 'Epinephrine']","output":"Insulin"} +{"instruction":"The most impoant constituent in soda lime for reabsorption of CO2 in a closed circuit is:","input":"Choices: ['Sodium hydroxide', 'Barium hydroxide', 'Calcium hydroxide', 'Potassium hydroxide']","output":"Calcium hydroxide"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following fats has the highest concentration of saturated fatty acids -","input":"Choices: ['Butter', 'Palm oil', 'Coconut oil', 'Margarine']","output":"Coconut oil"} +{"instruction":"Ipratropium bromide is contraindicated in:","input":"Choices: ['Asthma', 'Urinary retention', 'Hypeension', 'Peptic ulcer']","output":"Urinary retention"} +{"instruction":"TRUE regarding management of traumatic pneumothorax is -","input":"Choices: ['Immediate ICD tube insertion', 'CT-scan should be done to confirm pulmonary leak', 'Intermittent needle aspiration', 'Sealed']","output":"Immediate ICD tube insertion"} +{"instruction":"Which immunoglobulin possess highest carbohydrate content?","input":"Choices: ['IgG', 'IgA', 'IgD', 'IgM']","output":"IgD"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is initial investigation of choice for a patient presenting with solitary nodule of thyroid: March 2005","input":"Choices: ['Thyroid function test', 'FNAC', 'Radionuclide scan', 'MRI']","output":"FNAC"} +{"instruction":"in sodomy passive agent adult is named?","input":"Choices: ['catamite', 'paedophile', 'gerantophillia', 'peadestry']","output":"gerantophillia"} +{"instruction":"Treatment of Hodgkin's disease -","input":"Choices: ['CHOP', 'MOPP', 'ABVD', 'All of the above']","output":"All of the above"} +{"instruction":"If corpus luteum is functioning, its endocrine function is initiated by the influence of the following hormone:","input":"Choices: ['LH', 'FSH', 'GnRH', 'All of the above']","output":"LH"} +{"instruction":"Regarding Gherlin which is false -","input":"Choices: ['Secreted from D1 cells of fundus', 'Induces lipolysis', 'Stimulates appetite', 'None of the above']","output":"None of the above"} +{"instruction":"Rett's syndrome is characterized by all of the following EXCEPT","input":"Choices: ['Common in girls', 'Severe mental retardation', 'Hand wringing present', 'Decrease head circumference at birth']","output":"Decrease head circumference at birth"} +{"instruction":"Bence Jones proteins are found in all except","input":"Choices: ['Multiple myeloma', 'Reactive plasmacytosis', 'Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance', 'Waldenstroms macroglobulinemia']","output":"Reactive plasmacytosis"} +{"instruction":"Floatation of a body in water is due to :","input":"Choices: ['Flesh being eaten by fishes', 'Presence of gases', 'Water logging of body', 'All of the above']","output":"Presence of gases"} +{"instruction":"Maximum refraction occurs at","input":"Choices: ['Anterior surface of cornea', 'Anterior surface of lens', 'Posterior surface of cornea', 'Posterior surface of lens']","output":"Anterior surface of cornea"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is an alternative to methadone for maintenance treatment of opiate dependence?","input":"Choices: ['Diazepam', 'Chloridazepoxide', 'Buprenorphine', 'Dextropropoxyphene']","output":"Buprenorphine"} +{"instruction":"'Gut tube is developed from which germ layer","input":"Choices: ['Ectoderm', 'Mesoderm', 'Endoderm', 'Neuroectoderm']","output":"Endoderm"} +{"instruction":"Most common agent responsible for Bronchiolitis is -","input":"Choices: ['RSV', 'Adenovirus', 'Herpesvirus', 'Influenza virus']","output":"RSV"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is true about ventilation and perfusion in alveoli in an erect posture","input":"Choices: ['Ventilation\/perfusion ratio is maximum at apex', 'Ventilation\/perfusion ratio is maximum at base', 'Ventilation is maximum at apex', 'Perfusion is maximum at apex']","output":"Ventilation\/perfusion ratio is maximum at apex"} +{"instruction":"Mucormycosis-","input":"Choices: ['Angio-invasion', 'Lymph invasion', 'Septate hyphae', 'All']","output":"Angio-invasion"} +{"instruction":"Retinal holes are seen in which quadrant","input":"Choices: ['Superior temporal', 'Inferior temporal', 'Superior nasal', 'Inferior nasal']","output":"Superior temporal"} +{"instruction":"Cardiolipin is found in","input":"Choices: ['Outer membrane of mitochondria', 'Inner membrane of mitochondria', 'Lysosomes', 'Rough endoplasmic reticulum']","output":"Inner membrane of mitochondria"} +{"instruction":"Temporomandibular ligament limits which movement of TMJ?","input":"Choices: ['Protrusive', 'Retrusive', 'Both', 'None']","output":"Retrusive"} +{"instruction":"Alvarado score consist of","input":"Choices: ['Leucopenia', 'Anorexia', 'Diarrhea', 'Periumbilical pain']","output":"Anorexia"} +{"instruction":"All of Which is family of selectin, except -","input":"Choices: ['P selectin', 'L selectin', 'A selectin', 'E selectin']","output":"A selectin"} +{"instruction":"All are usuful in acute appendicitis excpet -","input":"Choices: ['Antibiotics', 'Analgesics', 'IV Fluids', 'Purgation']","output":"Purgation"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is true for phosphofructokinase","input":"Choices: ['It uses fructose 1, 6 bisphosphate as substrate', 'It generates ATP', 'It catalyses an irreversible reaction in glycolysis', 'It is activated by increased levels of ATP and citrate']","output":"It catalyses an irreversible reaction in glycolysis"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following Intrauterine device has a minimum failure rate","input":"Choices: ['Progestase', 'Cu T-380 A', 'Levonorgestrel IUD', 'T Cu -200']","output":"Levonorgestrel IUD"} +{"instruction":"Pheochromocytoma may be associated with:","input":"Choices: ['Medullary carcinoma of the thyroid', 'Papillary carcinoma of the thyroid', 'Anaplastic carcinoma of the thyroid', 'Follicular carcinoma of the thyroid']","output":"Medullary carcinoma of the thyroid"} +{"instruction":"Keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma of nasopharynx is ?","input":"Choices: ['Type I', 'Type II', 'Type III', 'Type IV']","output":"Type I"} +{"instruction":"Heller's myotomy is for Rx of:","input":"Choices: ['Gastric outlet obstruction', 'Reflux oesophagitis', 'Achalasia cardia', 'Carcinoma esophagus']","output":"Achalasia cardia"} +{"instruction":"Most radio resistant phase in cell cycle – a) G1b) Early Sc) Late Sd) G2","input":"Choices: ['c', 'bc', 'bd', 'ac']","output":"c"} +{"instruction":"Which of the anatomical positions best describes the location of celiac plexus?","input":"Choices: ['Anterolateral to Aoa', 'Posterolateral to Aoa', 'Anterolateral to sympathetic chain', 'Posteromedial to sympathetic chain']","output":"Anterolateral to Aoa"} +{"instruction":"Commonest\/rarest veriety of Pemphigus?","input":"Choices: ['Pemphigus vulgaris\/vegetans', 'Pemphigus vegetans\/vulgaris', 'Pemphigus fliaceus\/erythematosis', 'Pemphigus erythematosia\/foliaceous']","output":"Pemphigus vulgaris\/vegetans"} +{"instruction":"Fluorescin angiography is used to examine-","input":"Choices: ['Ciliary vasculature', 'Retinal vasculature', 'Corneal vasculature', 'Conjuctival vasculature']","output":"Retinal vasculature"} +{"instruction":"S\/E of OC pills is -","input":"Choices: ['Dysmenorrhoea', 'Prolactin level', 'Carbohydrate intolerance', 'Endometriosis']","output":"Carbohydrate intolerance"} +{"instruction":"In acute sinusitis, the sinus most often involved in children is:","input":"Choices: ['Maxillary', 'Sphenoid', 'Ethmoid', 'Frontal']","output":"Ethmoid"} +{"instruction":"A 50-year-old drug abuser presents with fever and weight loss. Exam shows hypeension, nodular skin rash, and peripheral neuropathy. ESR is 100 mm\/L, and RBC casts are seen on urinalysis. (SELECT 1 DIAGNOSIS)","input":"Choices: ['Behcet syndrome', 'Ankylosing spondylitis', 'Polymyalgia rheumatic', 'Polyaeritis nodosa']","output":"Polyaeritis nodosa"} +{"instruction":"A lady came with complaints of a bluish lesion over left side of forehead and left eye. Shows Irregular bluish lesion in Left superior conjunctive and forehead. Diagnosis is","input":"Choices: ['Nevus of Ota', 'Nevus of Ito', \"Becker's nevus\", 'Mongolian spot']","output":"Nevus of Ota"} +{"instruction":"Habitat of hookworm is -","input":"Choices: ['Jejunum', 'ileum', 'Colon', 'Duodenum']","output":"Jejunum"} +{"instruction":"Dyslexia is characterized by all Except","input":"Choices: ['Mental retardation', 'Inability to interpret written language', 'Familial', 'Retardation reading']","output":"Mental retardation"} +{"instruction":"Bronchiectasis sicca is seen with:","input":"Choices: ['TB', 'Peussis', 'Cystic fibrosis', 'Kaagener syndrome']","output":"TB"} +{"instruction":"Uterine height is greater than gestational age of the patient in a case of all except -","input":"Choices: ['Fibroid uterus', 'IUGR', 'Wrong dates', 'Polyhydramnios']","output":"IUGR"} +{"instruction":"Investigation of choice of diphtheria carrier is:","input":"Choices: ['Throat Swab Culture', \"Gram's stain\", 'Albert stain', 'Zeil Neelsen stain']","output":"Throat Swab Culture"} +{"instruction":"Fibrous ankylosis is caused by which of the following: March 2005","input":"Choices: ['Septic ahritis', 'TB ahritis', \"Bechet's disease\", 'Psoriatic ahritis']","output":"TB ahritis"} +{"instruction":"The Eustachian tube passes between -","input":"Choices: ['Superior and middle constrictors', 'Above superior constrictor', 'Middle and inferior constrictor', 'Below inferior constrictor']","output":"Above superior constrictor"} +{"instruction":"A 4-month-old child has 10 episodes of vomiting and 2-3 episodes of loose stools and crying since the last 24 hours. Best line of management will be:","input":"Choices: ['Intravenous fluids', 'ORS', 'Breastfeeding only', 'Antibiotics']","output":"Intravenous fluids"} +{"instruction":"Evidence not used in rape?","input":"Choices: ['Semen in vagina', 'Semen on clothes', 'Presence of smega bacilli in vagina', 'Presence of smegma under prepuce']","output":"Presence of smegma under prepuce"} +{"instruction":"Amount of residual chlorine to be present after contact time should: (Repeat 2013)","input":"Choices: ['0.5 mg\/L', '1 mg\/L', '1.5 mg\/L', '2 mg\/L']","output":"0.5 mg\/L"} +{"instruction":"A 2-year-old child with severe dehydration has sudden-onset Gross Hematuria with a unilateral flank mass. The most likely diagnosis is","input":"Choices: ['Renal vein thrombosis', 'Hemolytic syndrome', \"Wilm's tumor\", 'Hydronephrosis']","output":"Renal vein thrombosis"} +{"instruction":"Epidemics of typhus fever have been associated with war and famine for several centuries. What factor was most impoant in the control of such epidemics following the end of World War II?","input":"Choices: ['Eradication of Anopheles mosquitoes', 'Improved sanitation practices', 'Improved methods for handling food supplies', 'Disinfestation by use of DDT']","output":"Disinfestation by use of DDT"} +{"instruction":"Increased velocity of conduction in a nerve is favoured by","input":"Choices: ['Increased capacitance', 'Decreased capacitance', 'Increased resistance', 'Increased velocity']","output":"Increased capacitance"} +{"instruction":"Skeletal muscle contraction ends when","input":"Choices: ['Ions move out of cytoplasm', 'Ach is absorbed frm the nmj', 'Closure and indrawing of receptors', 'Decreased calcium outside reticulum']","output":"Decreased calcium outside reticulum"} +{"instruction":"Receptive relaxation is a characteristic of the following pa of gastro intestinal tract:","input":"Choices: ['Stomach', 'Colon', 'Jejunum', 'Rectum']","output":"Stomach"} +{"instruction":"A 6 month old child is suffering from patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) with congestive cardiac failure. Ligation of ductus arteriosus was decided for surgical management. The most appropriate inhalational anaesthetic agent of choice with minimal haemodynamic alteration for induction of anaesthesia is –","input":"Choices: ['Sevoflurane', 'Isoflurane', 'Enflurane', 'Halothane']","output":"Sevoflurane"} +{"instruction":"Mammary gland is modified?","input":"Choices: ['Merocrine gland', 'Sebaceous gland', 'Apocrine sweat gland', 'Mucous gland']","output":"Apocrine sweat gland"} +{"instruction":"In Parvovirus in fection what is common in adult-","input":"Choices: ['Bone marrow aplasia', 'PRCA', 'Erythema infectiosum', 'Ahropathy']","output":"Ahropathy"} +{"instruction":"On electromyography, all of the following features suggest denervation, EXCEPT:","input":"Choices: ['Less inseional activity is observed in denervated muscles', 'Giant polyphasic potentials arise from motor units', 'Presence of positive sharp waves', 'Spontaneous firing of motor units']","output":"Less inseional activity is observed in denervated muscles"} +{"instruction":"All are derivatives of midgut EXCEPT","input":"Choices: ['Ascending colon', 'Appendix', 'Jejunum', 'Descending colon']","output":"Descending colon"} +{"instruction":"Brush fire appearance of fundus is seen in -","input":"Choices: ['Toxoplasmosis', 'CMV retinitis', 'Chloroquine toxicity', 'Bacterial endocarditis']","output":"CMV retinitis"} +{"instruction":"The karyotype of a patient with androgen Insensitivity Syndrome is -","input":"Choices: ['46 XX', '46XY', '47 XXY', '47 XXY']","output":"46XY"} +{"instruction":"Not true about chi- square test is-","input":"Choices: ['Tests the significance of difference between two propoions', 'Tells about presence or absence of an association between two variables', 'Directly measures the strength of association', 'Can be used when more than two groups are two be compared']","output":"Directly measures the strength of association"} +{"instruction":"who is the famoous personality invoved in the history of psychosurgery","input":"Choices: ['anna freud', 'egaz moniz', 'mary ainswoh', 'manfred bleuler']","output":"egaz moniz"} +{"instruction":"Commonest type of cleft lip is:","input":"Choices: ['Bilateral cleft lip', 'Midline cleft lip', 'Cleft lip combined with cleft palate', 'Unilateral cleft lip']","output":"Cleft lip combined with cleft palate"} +{"instruction":"In a child on lower lip exophytic growth, finger like projections and hyperkeratosis, same type of growth on dorsal surface of left thumb which is shorter than right thumb is?","input":"Choices: ['Squamous cell carcinoma', 'Acantholysis', 'Papilloma', 'Verrucous carcinoma']","output":"Papilloma"} +{"instruction":"Bacterial extracellular polysaccharide production is\na) a property of only Streptococcus mutans\nb) a prerequisite for cariogenicity\nc) a factor mediating attachment of bacteria to teet\nd) an essential component of dental plaque\ne) characteristic of all streptococcus","input":"Choices: ['a e is false b c d is true', 'a b c is false d e is true', 'b c d is false a e is true', 'c d e is false a b is true']","output":"a e is false b c d is true"} +{"instruction":"A 36- year - old factory worker developed itchy, annular scaly plaques in both groins. Application of a coicosteroid ointment led to temporary relief but the plaques continued to extend at the periphery. The most likely diagnosis is -","input":"Choices: ['Erythema annulare centrifugum', 'Granuloma annulare', 'Annular lichen plaints', 'Tinea cruris']","output":"Tinea cruris"} +{"instruction":"A 27-year-old mountain climber falls from a steep rock wall and is brought to the emergency depament. His physical examination and computed tomography (CT) scan reveal dislocation fracture of the upper thoracic veebrae. The fractured body of the T4 veebra aiculates with which of the following pas of the ribs","input":"Choices: ['Head of the third rib', 'Head of the fifth rib', 'Neck of the fouh rib', 'Tubercle of the fouh']","output":"Head of the fifth rib"} +{"instruction":"Not true about cefepime is :","input":"Choices: ['4th generation cephalosporin', 'Useful in hospital acquired infection', 'Inhibits transpeptidase', 'Given twice daily orally']","output":"Given twice daily orally"} +{"instruction":"Which embryonic structure forms philtrum of upper lip","input":"Choices: ['Maxillary process', 'Mandibular process.', 'Medial nasal process.', 'Lateral nasal process.']","output":"Medial nasal process."} +{"instruction":"Weight of newborn quadruples by _________","input":"Choices: ['9 months', '12 months', '2 years', '3 years']","output":"2 years"} +{"instruction":"Disorder associated with thyrotoxicosis but not associated with hypehyroidism is:","input":"Choices: ['Graves disease', 'Hyperfunctioning (\"toxic\") multinodular goiter', 'Iodine-induced hypehyroidism', 'De Quervain thyroiditis']","output":"De Quervain thyroiditis"} +{"instruction":"GnRH analogue used in hormonal treatment of carcinoma prostate?","input":"Choices: ['Goserelin', 'Nilutamide', 'Cyproterone acetate', 'Finasteride']","output":"Goserelin"} +{"instruction":"Extrinsic allergic alveolitis is caused by infection with","input":"Choices: ['Histoplasma capsulatum', 'Thermophilic Actinomycetes', 'Rhinosporidium seeberi', 'Cryptococcus pneumoniae']","output":"Thermophilic Actinomycetes"} +{"instruction":"A 63-year old man presented with massive splenomegaly, lymphadenopathy and a total leucocyte count of 17000 per mm3. The flow cytometery showed CD 19 +, CD5 +, CD23 -, monoclonal B-cells with bright kappa positively comprising 80% of the peripheral blood lymphoid cells. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?","input":"Choices: ['Mantle cell lymphoma', 'Follicular lymphoma', 'Hairy cell leukemia', 'Splenic lymphoma with villous lymphocytes']","output":"Mantle cell lymphoma"} +{"instruction":"Anaesthesia contraindicated In volvulus of gut is","input":"Choices: ['Halothane', 'Nitrous oxide', 'Ketamine', 'Pancuronium']","output":"Nitrous oxide"} +{"instruction":"The typical 'Orphan-Annie eye' nucleus is described in -","input":"Choices: ['Serous cystadenocarcinoma of ovary', 'Renal cell carcinoma', 'Papillary carcinoma of thyroid', 'Seminoma']","output":"Papillary carcinoma of thyroid"} +{"instruction":"True regarding split thickness skin graft are all except","input":"Choices: [\"Doesn't sweat\", 'Not adhere to exposed bone', 'Hairless', 'Cosmetically better']","output":"Cosmetically better"} +{"instruction":"Patient is perceiving things that is outside his normal visual ability","input":"Choices: ['functional hallucination', 'reflex hallucinations', 'extra campine hallucination', 'Auditory hallucination']","output":"extra campine hallucination"} +{"instruction":"All are features of raised intracranial tension in adults except:","input":"Choices: ['Erosion of dorsum sella', 'Erosion of posterior clinoid process', 'Inner table convolutions', 'Sutural diastasis']","output":"Sutural diastasis"} +{"instruction":"In normal distribution curve, which have same value-","input":"Choices: ['SD and mean', 'SD and Mode', 'Mode and Mean', 'SD and Median']","output":"Mode and Mean"} +{"instruction":"Stridor is caused by -","input":"Choices: ['Obstruction of the airway below the level of larynx', 'Obstruction of the airway at the level of larynx', 'Obstruction of the airway above the level of larynx', 'Obstruction of the airway above the level of trachea']","output":"Obstruction of the airway above the level of trachea"} +{"instruction":"Which disorder is most likely associated with erythroid hyperplasia in the bone marrow?","input":"Choices: ['Anemia of chronic disease', 'Thalassemia minor', '7 to 10 days after a GI bleed', 'Iron deficiency']","output":"7 to 10 days after a GI bleed"} +{"instruction":"Structures descending through foramen magnum are all except:","input":"Choices: ['Lower part of medulla.', 'Tonsils of cerebellum.', 'Membrana tectoria.', 'Anterior and posterior spinal arteries.']","output":"Membrana tectoria."} +{"instruction":"Following are listed as (SpA) spondyloahritis features except","input":"Choices: ['Dactylitis', 'Enthesitis', 'HLA b27', 'Cervical sprain']","output":"Cervical sprain"} +{"instruction":"True statements of Nova-T","input":"Choices: ['Effective for 10 years', 'More copper content', 'More chances of perforation', 'Silver core']","output":"Silver core"} +{"instruction":"Avascular necrosis seen in -a) # Surgical neck of humerusb) # Neck of scapulac) # Neck of talusd) # Neck of femure) # Neck of radius","input":"Choices: ['ab', 'cd', 'bd', 'ac']","output":"cd"} +{"instruction":"Following are TVS findings of Adenomyosis except","input":"Choices: ['Transition zone > 12mm thick', 'Endometrial cyst', 'Heterogenous myometrium', 'Subendometrial striations.']","output":"Endometrial cyst"} +{"instruction":"A 21 year old patient attended a pay the previous night and gives the following symptoms, pain in abdomen radiating to back, pulse 100\/min, BP 100\/76, Temp 39degC and vomiting before coming. Most probable diagnosis is","input":"Choices: ['Acute appendicitis', 'Acute cholecystitis', 'Acute diveiculitis', 'Acute pancreatitis']","output":"Acute pancreatitis"} +{"instruction":"Protein requirement for 2 year old child (per day)-","input":"Choices: ['10 gm', '15 gm', '20 gm', '25 gm']","output":"20 gm"} +{"instruction":"Extracampine hallucinations term was given by -","input":"Choices: ['Eugene Bleuler', 'William Harvey', 'Robert Macinoff', 'Eden Speroff']","output":"Eugene Bleuler"} +{"instruction":"Resolving ahroplasty seen in","input":"Choices: ['Shoulder dislocation', 'Elbow dislocation', 'Knee dislocation', 'Hip dislocation']","output":"Shoulder dislocation"} +{"instruction":"An infant had a high-grade fever and respiratory distress at the time of presentation to the emergency room. The sample collected for blood culture was subsequently positive showing growth of a haemolytic colonies. On Gram staining, these were gram-positive cocci. In the screening test for identification, the suspected pathogen is likely to be susceptible to the following agent","input":"Choices: ['Bacitracin', 'Novobiocin', 'Optochin', 'Oxacillin']","output":"Optochin"} +{"instruction":"A 30 year old man with an undiagnosed cardiac anomaly has been unable to do strenuous exercise throughout his life. Auscultation demonstrates an immediate diastolic murmur, which has been be present since childhood. The patient has never been cyanotic. Which of the following disorders would most likely cause the patient's findings?","input":"Choices: ['Bicuspid aoic valve', 'Common pattern transposition of the great aeries', 'Patent ductus aeriosus', 'Tricuspid atresia']","output":"Bicuspid aoic valve"} +{"instruction":"Fetal midgut rotates in IUL","input":"Choices: ['270 degree clockwise', '270 degree anticlockwise', '360 degree clock wise', '360 degree anticlockwise']","output":"270 degree anticlockwise"} +{"instruction":"Piles occurs at-","input":"Choices: ['Superior rectal vein', 'Inferior rectal vein', 'Superior Hemorrhoidal aery', 'None']","output":"Superior rectal vein"} +{"instruction":"A 70-year-old man with a prior anterior MI comes for his routine evaluation. He feels well and has no symptoms. He is taking metoprolol 100 mg bid, aspirin 81 mg od, enalapril 10 mg bid, and simvastatin 40 mg od for secondary prevention.For the above patients, select the characteristic ECG finding.","input":"Choices: ['prolonged PR interval', 'broad-notched P wave in lead II', 'short QT interval', 'short PR interval']","output":"prolonged PR interval"} +{"instruction":"Left homonymous hemianopia is seen in which right sided lesion?","input":"Choices: ['Optic tract', 'Optic nerve', 'Optic chiasma', 'Occipital lobe (visual coex)']","output":"Optic tract"} +{"instruction":"The most common sequelae of tuberculous spondylitis in an adolescent is:","input":"Choices: ['Fibrous ankylosis', 'Bony-ankylosis', 'Pathological dislocation', 'Chronic osteomyelitis']","output":"Bony-ankylosis"} +{"instruction":"The maximum life of a transfused R.B.C. is ?","input":"Choices: ['One hour', 'One day', '15 days', '50 days']","output":"50 days"} +{"instruction":"A 29–day old child presents with features of congestive cardiac failure and left ventricular hypertrophy. Auscultation shows a short systolic murmur. Most likely diagnosis is –","input":"Choices: ['Rheumatic fever', 'Tetralogy of Fallot', 'Transposition of great arteries', 'Ventricular septal defect']","output":"Ventricular septal defect"} +{"instruction":"Most common presentation of vulval carcinoma is :","input":"Choices: ['Pain', 'Wa', 'Non-healing ulcer', 'Pruritis']","output":"Pruritis"} +{"instruction":"Side effects of fluoxetine are A\/E","input":"Choices: ['Weight gain', 'Sweating', 'Urinary retention', 'Diarrhoea']","output":"Urinary retention"} +{"instruction":"All of the following is good prognostic factor for bipolar disorder EXCEPT:","input":"Choices: ['Acute onset', 'Early age of onset', 'Early responsive treatment', 'Associated depression']","output":"Early age of onset"} +{"instruction":"Folate trap occurs due to the deficiency of","input":"Choices: ['Thiamine', 'Biotin', 'Folic acid', 'vitamin B12']","output":"vitamin B12"} +{"instruction":"Physiological hyperplasia and hypertrophy are seen simultaneously in -","input":"Choices: ['Breast at puberty', 'Skeletal muscle in athletes', 'Uterus in pregnancy', 'Thyroid gland during pregnancy']","output":"Uterus in pregnancy"} +{"instruction":"First Investigation of choice in blunt trauma abdomen when the patient first comes to the ER room-","input":"Choices: ['CT', 'MRI', 'X-ray abdomen', 'FAST']","output":"FAST"} +{"instruction":"The corneal epithelium is composed of –","input":"Choices: ['Stratified keratinized epithelium', 'Stratified non–keratinized epithelium', 'Columnar epithelium', 'Pseudostratified epithelium']","output":"Stratified non–keratinized epithelium"} +{"instruction":"Primary causes of non- inflammatory oedema include all of the following except -","input":"Choices: ['Increase in intra - vascular hydrostatic pressure', 'Increased vascular permeability', 'Diminished plasma colloid oncotic pressure', 'Lymphatic obstruction']","output":"Increased vascular permeability"} +{"instruction":"Presynaptic facilitation is caused by","input":"Choices: ['Prolonged opening of calcium channels', 'Prolonged opening of chloride channels', 'Prolonged opening of sodium channels', 'Prolonged closure of potassium channels']","output":"Prolonged opening of calcium channels"} +{"instruction":"A 14-year old boy presents with history of frequent nasal bleeding. His Hb was found to be 6.4 g\/dL and peripheral smear showed normocytic hypochromic anemia. The most probable diagnosis is:","input":"Choices: ['Juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma', 'Hemangioma', 'Antrochonal polyp', 'Carc inoma of nasopharynx']","output":"Juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma"} +{"instruction":"Prosopagonsia is -","input":"Choices: ['Inability to recognize familier face', 'Impaired calculation', 'Inability to recognine objects by feeling', 'Onawareness of neurological deficity']","output":"Inability to recognize familier face"} +{"instruction":"Streptococcus all are true except-","input":"Choices: ['Streptodornase cleaves DNA', 'Streptolysis 0 is active in reduced state', 'Streptokinase is produced from serotype A,C,K', 'Pyrogenic toxin A is plasmid mediated']","output":"Pyrogenic toxin A is plasmid mediated"} +{"instruction":"A person on anti-tubercular drugs complained of deafness and tinnitus in one ear. Drug implicated is?","input":"Choices: ['Streptomycin', 'Isoniazid', 'Ethambutol', 'Rifampicin']","output":"Streptomycin"} +{"instruction":"A 45-year-old female is diagnosed as a case of pneumococcal meningitis. Her blood sample were sent for culture sensitivity. In the mean time best drug to start as an empirical treatment is -","input":"Choices: ['Penicillin G', 'Doxycycline', 'Streptomycin', 'Vancomyin + Ceftriaxone']","output":"Vancomyin + Ceftriaxone"} +{"instruction":"-30 to-90 degree axis de viatio n ind icates -","input":"Choices: ['Left Axis Deviation', 'Right Axis Deviation', 'Extrene Right .Axis Deviation', 'Normal Cardiac Axis']","output":"Left Axis Deviation"} +{"instruction":"A 25 years old female with history of multiple contacts presenting with growth on vulva, the probable diagnosis is :","input":"Choices: ['Conyloma accuminata', 'Verruca plana', 'Verruca vulgaris', 'Condyloma lata']","output":"Conyloma accuminata"} +{"instruction":"A 3 year old child presented to OPD with the symptoms of influenza. Aspirin is contraindicated in this patient because of increased risk of :","input":"Choices: ['Gastric bleeding', 'Thrombocytopenia', 'Fanconi syndrome', \"Reye's syndrome\"]","output":"Reye's syndrome"} +{"instruction":"Basanti devi 45 yrs old women presents with hot flushes after stopping of menstruation. 'Hot Flush' can be relieved by administration of following agents :","input":"Choices: ['Ethinyl estradiol', 'Testosterone', 'Fluoxymesteron', 'Danazol']","output":"Ethinyl estradiol"} +{"instruction":"Drug used in treatment of malignant hyperthermia is -","input":"Choices: ['Dantroline', 'Diazepam', 'Paracetamol', 'Phenobarbitone']","output":"Dantroline"} +{"instruction":"Ankle Reflex is mediated by-","input":"Choices: ['L2', 'L4', 'S1', 'S3']","output":"S1"} +{"instruction":"A child requires how much energy per day (Kcal\/ day)?","input":"Choices: ['1000-1500', '1600-2000', '2000-2500', '2500-3000']","output":"1000-1500"} +{"instruction":"Rabies is identified by -","input":"Choices: ['Guarnieri bodies', 'Negri bodies', 'Cowdry A bodies', 'Cowdry B bodies']","output":"Negri bodies"} +{"instruction":"In a case of Dysgerminoma of ovary one of the following tumor markers is likely to be raised;","input":"Choices: ['Serum HCG', 'Semm alpha fetoprotein', 'Serum lactic dehydrogenase', 'Semminhibin']","output":"Serum lactic dehydrogenase"} +{"instruction":"Regarding medullary sponge kidney -a) Autosomal dominantb) Nephrocalcinosisc) ARFd) Minimal proteinuriae) More common in females","input":"Choices: ['abd', 'bcd', 'abc', 'ab']","output":"abd"} +{"instruction":"Desire for sexual intercourse with dead bodies is called","input":"Choices: ['Frotteurism', 'Necrophilia', 'Undinism', 'Transvestism']","output":"Necrophilia"} +{"instruction":"Thiamine deficiency is known to occur in all of the following except:","input":"Choices: ['Food Faddist', 'Homocystinemia', 'Chronic alcoholic', 'Chronic hea failure patient on diuretics']","output":"Homocystinemia"} +{"instruction":"Size of the laryngeal mask airway for normal adults","input":"Choices: ['2.5', '3', '1.5', '4']","output":"4"} +{"instruction":"All can cause peripheral neuropathy, Except:","input":"Choices: ['Uraemia', 'Poiphyria', 'Lead toxicity', 'Hypothyroidism']","output":"Hypothyroidism"} +{"instruction":"Use of valproate during pregnancy may result in","input":"Choices: ['Mental retardation', 'Respiratory depression', 'Hydantoin syndrome', 'Neural tube defect']","output":"Neural tube defect"} +{"instruction":"In malignant hypehermia, excess heat production is due to:","input":"Choices: ['Increased muscle metabolism by excess of calcium ions', 'Thermic effect of food', 'Increased sympathetic discharge', 'Mitochondrial thermogenesis']","output":"Increased muscle metabolism by excess of calcium ions"} +{"instruction":"A gravida 3 female with kilo 2 previous 2nd trimester aboion presents at 22 weeks of gestation with funneling of cervix Most appropriate management would be:","input":"Choices: ['Administer dinoprostone and bed rest', 'Administer misoprostol and bed rest', 'Apply fothergill stretch', 'Apply McDonald stitch']","output":"Apply McDonald stitch"} +{"instruction":"Percentage of adrenaline with lignocaine for local infilteration is","input":"Choices: ['0.736111111', '1:10000', '0.111111111', '1:50000']","output":"1:50000"} +{"instruction":"Which vitamin in large doses decreases triglyceride and cholesterol?","input":"Choices: ['Vitamin B1', 'Nicotinic acid', 'Vitamin B12', 'Riboflavin']","output":"Nicotinic acid"} +{"instruction":"A 37-year-old HIV-positive man has had a relapsing and remitting course of motor and sensory problems for the past year, including difficulty with ambulation as well as symmetric numbness and tingling in all extremities. Nerve conduction studies show findings consistent with demyelination and remyelination. He is treated with plasmapheresis. Which of the following disorders is most likely to cause this man's neurologic disease?","input":"Choices: ['Bacterial infection', 'Carcinoma', 'Hyperglycemia', 'Immune dysregulation']","output":"Immune dysregulation"} +{"instruction":"How much lignocaine is present in 2.0ml of 2% lignocaine solution?","input":"Choices: ['40 mg', '20 mg', '30 mg', '2 mg']","output":"40 mg"} +{"instruction":"Inhibition of placental Alkaline Phosphatase by Phenylalanine is an example of","input":"Choices: ['Competitive Inhibition', 'Noncompetitive inhibition', 'Uncompetitive Inhibition', 'Allosteric Inhibition']","output":"Uncompetitive Inhibition"} +{"instruction":"Two hosts are required in -a) T. soliumb) E. histolytiocac) T. saginatad) Giardiae) Toxoplasma","input":"Choices: ['ace', 'bde', 'cde', 'ade']","output":"ace"} +{"instruction":"Jefferson is:","input":"Choices: ['of atlas', 'axis', 'of spinous process of C 7', 'of any cervical vertebra']","output":"of atlas"} +{"instruction":"A 50-year-old man presents to the emergency in a wheelchair complaining of weakness that has developed over the past 2 days. He first noticed that he had generalized fatigue and felt like he was having a hard time moving his feet. Over the past 24 hours, the weakness has progressed to the point that he can barely stand with assistance. He is beginning to feel that it is difficult to lift his arms. He also complains of a sharp pain in his shoulders and along his spine. Both his hands and feet are tingling. On physical examination, his initial blood pressure is 140\/80 mmHg. On repeat 1 hour later, it is 90\/50 mmHg. His hea rate is 106 bpm, respiratory rate is 25 breaths\/min, temperature is 37.0degC, and SaO2 is 96% on room air. Deep tendon reflexes are absent at the knee, ankle, and wrist. The brachioradialis reflex is 1+. Strength throughout the lower extremities is diminished as the patient is unable to lift either leg against gravity. What is the appropriate diagnosis?","input":"Choices: ['Botulinism', 'G.B.S', 'Snake bite', 'Polio']","output":"G.B.S"} +{"instruction":"Backwash ileitis is seen in","input":"Choices: ['Ulcerative colitis', \"Crohn's disease\", 'Colonic carcinoma', 'heal polyp']","output":"Ulcerative colitis"} +{"instruction":"What is the average wavelength of the x-ray used in dentistry is:","input":"Choices: ['0.6-1A°.', '1-2A°.', '0.5-2A°.', '2-2.5A°.']","output":"0.6-1A°."} +{"instruction":"Antidote for organophosphates poisoning are all except: September 2009 March 2013 (b, d)","input":"Choices: ['Physostigmine', 'Activated charcoal', 'Pralidoxime', 'Atropine']","output":"Physostigmine"} +{"instruction":"Neuroleptics cause hyperprolactinemia by blocing the effect of following on pituitary lactotropes-","input":"Choices: ['Dopamine', 'Glycine', 'Acetylcholine', 'Serotonin']","output":"Dopamine"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is used to treat hormone- responsive breast cancer?","input":"Choices: ['Cyptroterone acetate', 'Clomiphene citrate', 'Diethylstibestrol', 'Tamoxifen']","output":"Tamoxifen"} +{"instruction":"GABA transmission is facilitated by:","input":"Choices: ['Vigabatrin', 'Carbamazepine', 'Phenytoin', 'Buspirone']","output":"Vigabatrin"} +{"instruction":"True statement about PPV is","input":"Choices: ['It increases with prevalence', 'It decreases with prevalence', 'No relation with prevalence', 'Doubles with decrease in prevalence']","output":"It increases with prevalence"} +{"instruction":"which type of resin tags contribute more to bonding:","input":"Choices: ['Micro resin tags', 'Nano resin tags', 'Macro resin tags', 'No effect of size of resin tags for bonding.']","output":"Micro resin tags"} +{"instruction":"AUER rods are seen in","input":"Choices: ['Ml AML', 'M6AML', 'ALL', 'M3 AML']","output":"M3 AML"} +{"instruction":"Relative afferent pupillary defect is characteristically seen In damage to","input":"Choices: ['Optic nerve', 'Optic tract', 'Lateral geniculate body', 'Occulomotor nerve']","output":"Optic nerve"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following Is not an indication for surgery in BPH","input":"Choices: ['Chronic urine retension', 'Multiple UTI', 'B\/L hydronephrosis', 'IPSS Score - 8']","output":"IPSS Score - 8"} +{"instruction":"The period of communicability of Tetanus is","input":"Choices: ['7 days', 'None', '21 days', '14 days']","output":"None"} +{"instruction":"To prevent the fracture of an endodontic instrument the number of turns given inside the canal in a single motion should be:","input":"Choices: ['Less than ¼ of a turn', '¼ to ½ turn', '½ of a turn', 'More than ¾']","output":"¼ to ½ turn"} +{"instruction":"Mycoplasma pneumonia is characterised by all except?","input":"Choices: ['Diagnosed by serum cold antibody', 'Treatment is erythromycin', 'Cannot be cultured from sputum', 'Raised ESR']","output":"Cannot be cultured from sputum"} +{"instruction":"Amoebic liver abscess can be diagnosed by demonstrating-","input":"Choices: ['Cysts in the sterile pus', 'Trophozoites in the pus', 'Cysts in the intestine', 'Trophozoites in the feces']","output":"Trophozoites in the pus"} +{"instruction":"Treatment of choice of flail chest is","input":"Choices: ['Ext. fixation of flail segment & mech ventilation', 'Strapping', 'O2 administration', 'Intrapleural local analgesia']","output":"Ext. fixation of flail segment & mech ventilation"} +{"instruction":"Roentgen is a unit of-","input":"Choices: ['Radioactivity', 'Radiation exposure', 'Absorbed dose', 'Dose equivalent']","output":"Radiation exposure"} +{"instruction":"Longest acting insulin is","input":"Choices: ['Global zinc suspension', 'Insulin- zinc suspension', 'Neutral protamine hagedorm (NPH)', 'Protamine- zinc insulin']","output":"Protamine- zinc insulin"} +{"instruction":"Menghini needle is used for biopsy of which of the following organ?","input":"Choices: ['Bone', 'Liver', 'Kidney', 'Muscle']","output":"Liver"} +{"instruction":"Most common type of finger impression is:","input":"Choices: ['Arch', 'Whorl', 'Loop', 'Composite']","output":"Loop"} +{"instruction":"Condition where subhyloid hemorrhage is associated with subarachnoid hemorrhage is-","input":"Choices: ['Posner-Schlossman syndrome', 'Axenfeld- Rieger syndrome', 'Pseudoexfoliation syndrome', \"Terson's syndrome\"]","output":"Terson's syndrome"} +{"instruction":"In intravenous pyelography, one contracted kidney indicates:","input":"Choices: ['Hydronephrosis', 'Polycystic kidney', 'Chronic glomerulonephritis', 'Chronic pyelonephritis']","output":"Chronic pyelonephritis"} +{"instruction":"Commonest dangerous complication of posterior dislocation of knee is-","input":"Choices: ['Popliteal aery injury', 'Sciatic nerve injury', 'Ischaemia of lower leg compament', 'Femoral aery injury']","output":"Popliteal aery injury"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following techniques can extend the working time of a zinc phosphate cement?","input":"Choices: ['The P\/L ratio can be reduced to produce a thinner mixture', 'Smaller portions of powder should be mixed for the first few increments', 'Colder mixing temperature (though temperature of mixing slab should be above dew point)', 'All of the above']","output":"All of the above"} +{"instruction":"The following special sense has no relay in hypothalamus","input":"Choices: ['Vision', 'Hearing', 'Taste', 'Smell']","output":"Smell"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is NOT seen in DNA:","input":"Choices: ['Cytosine', 'Adenine', 'Guanine', 'Uracil']","output":"Uracil"} +{"instruction":"A 30 year old woman presents with hemoptysis, nose bleed , decreased urine output. nasal mucosal ulcer was seen on inspection - Chest X - ray shows three cavitary Lesions. She is positive for ANCA. Diagnosis is.","input":"Choices: [\"Good pasture's syndrome\", \"Wegener's granulomatosis\", \"Berger's nephropathy\", \"Alport's disease\"]","output":"Wegener's granulomatosis"} +{"instruction":"Protease inhibitors are : a) Saquinavir b) Nevirapine c) Nelfinavir d) Abacavir e) Efavirenz","input":"Choices: ['ac', 'be', 'bc', 'ad']","output":"ac"} +{"instruction":"Drugs used topically for dermatophytes-","input":"Choices: ['Terbinafine', 'Cyclopirox olamine', 'Econazole', 'All of the above']","output":"All of the above"} +{"instruction":"True statement regarding depolarizing neuro muscular blocking drugs","input":"Choices: ['The depolarized muscles fibres are unresponsive to other stimuli', 'Causes muscular fasciculation', 'Not reversed by neostigmine', 'All of the above']","output":"All of the above"} +{"instruction":"Trochlear nerve all true except","input":"Choices: ['Longest intracranial course', 'Arises from dorsum of brainstem', 'Supplies ipsilateral superior oblique muscles', 'Enter orbit though sup orbital fissure outside annulus of Zinn.']","output":"Supplies ipsilateral superior oblique muscles"} +{"instruction":"Peptic ulceration occurs at all the following sites except -","input":"Choices: ['Lesser curvature', 'First part of duodenum', 'Lower end of esophagus', 'Stoma of gastric portion of gastrojejunostomy']","output":"Stoma of gastric portion of gastrojejunostomy"} +{"instruction":"Best test to diagnose gastroesophageal reflux disease and quantity acid output is","input":"Choices: ['Esohagogram', 'Endoscopy', 'Manometry', '24 Hr pH monitoring']","output":"24 Hr pH monitoring"} +{"instruction":"Descending order of cancer prevalence in males -","input":"Choices: ['Lung > oral > pharynx > esophagus', 'Oral>pharynx>lungs>esophagus', 'Pharynx>lung>oral>esophagus', 'Esophagus>oral>stomach>lung']","output":"Oral>pharynx>lungs>esophagus"} +{"instruction":"Which among the following is the most common organ affected in blast injury?","input":"Choices: ['Liver', 'Lungs', 'Nervous tissue', 'Skeletal system']","output":"Lungs"} +{"instruction":"A young adult concludes that he is never going to be in a relationship after his experience of twice being rejected for a date. This is:","input":"Choices: ['Personalization', 'All or none thinking', 'Over generalization', 'Selective abstraction']","output":"Over generalization"} +{"instruction":"Anteversion of uterus is maintained by?","input":"Choices: ['Cardinal', 'Uterosacral', 'Pubocervical', 'Round']","output":"Round"} +{"instruction":"A 54-year-old man comes to the emergency room complaining of severe pain in his right toe. The pain is interfering with his ability to walk and he reports no prior trauma to the toe. He has had multiple less severe episodes in the past, which he always treats with pain medications.On physical examination, the toe is red, inflamed, and exquisitely sensitive to movement. An x-ray of the toe is normal and needle aspiration of the joint confirms uric acid crystals. He is treated with oral indomethacin (NSAID) for 7 days, and 1 month later he remains symptom free. Allopurinol is recommended for prevention of this condition. Which of the following is the most likely mechanism of action of allopurinol?","input":"Choices: ['inhibition of xanthine oxidase', 'solubilization of uric acid', 'reactivity with hypoxanthine', 'anti-inflammatory effect on joint tissue']","output":"inhibition of xanthine oxidase"} +{"instruction":"Drug effective against pseudomonas is :","input":"Choices: ['Penicillin G', 'Gentamicin', 'Tetracycline', 'Chloramphenicol']","output":"Gentamicin"} +{"instruction":"Commonest metastasis in Renal Cell Carcinoma is to","input":"Choices: ['Lung', 'Bone', 'Adrenal', 'Liver']","output":"Lung"} +{"instruction":"Substitution of which amino acid in the place of glycine would result in increase in UV absorption of a protein solution","input":"Choices: ['Lysine', 'Arginine', 'Tryptophan', 'Histidine']","output":"Tryptophan"} +{"instruction":"Routine spirometry can't estimate :","input":"Choices: ['FRC', 'VC', 'FEV', 'ERV']","output":"FRC"} +{"instruction":"During sexual differentiation in males :","input":"Choices: ['Leydig cells produce Mullerian Inhibiting Substance', 'Primitive Gonads differentiate into testis due to the presence of SRY gene', 'Androgen binding protein is responsible for the development of male external Genitalia', 'Wolffian duct regresses']","output":"Primitive Gonads differentiate into testis due to the presence of SRY gene"} +{"instruction":"Meckel's diverticulum is a derivative of:","input":"Choices: ['Allantoic diverticulum', 'Vitellointestinal duct', 'Ventral mesogastrium', 'Ductus arteriosus']","output":"Vitellointestinal duct"} +{"instruction":"Which among the following is poor prognostic indicator in ALL in children?","input":"Choices: ['Age', 'TLC 4000-10,000', 'Presence of testicular involvement at presentation', 'Presence of blasts in peripheral smear']","output":"Age"} +{"instruction":"Drug that can be used against anaerobic: streptococci: March 2007","input":"Choices: ['Penicilin', 'Erythromycin', 'Vancomycin', 'Clindamycin']","output":"Clindamycin"} +{"instruction":"Guddu if I wear a old female was brought to the emergency with fever, headache and confusion. A provisional diagnosis of bacteria meningitis was made. The baby developed in severe allergic reaction to to penicillin around 6 months back. She was admitted and intravenous antibiotics we're staed . Few days later her investuinvest revealed as Hemoglobin 6.0g\/L Erythrocyte count 1.2x10^6\/cubic mm Leukocyte count 1500\/cubic mm Which of the following is the most likely drug responsible for the above finding","input":"Choices: ['Gentamicin', 'Chloramphenicol', 'Doxycycline', 'Vancomycin']","output":"Chloramphenicol"} +{"instruction":"Reliability of screening test does not mean ?","input":"Choices: ['Reproducibility', 'Repeatability', 'Validity', 'Precision']","output":"Validity"} +{"instruction":"Knife used for harvesting split thickness skin grafts is","input":"Choices: [\"Husson's knife\", \"Bard parker's knife\", \"Humby's knife\", \"Foley's knife\"]","output":"Humby's knife"} +{"instruction":"After 72 hours of Myocardial infarction, the predominant cells are","input":"Choices: ['Mast cells', 'Macrophages', 'Lymphocytes', 'Leukocytes']","output":"Macrophages"} +{"instruction":"LDH, \/ LDH2 in acute MI is -","input":"Choices: ['>1.0', '>1.5', '>2.0', '>2.5']","output":">1.0"} +{"instruction":"Von Wiliebrand disease is associated with -","input":"Choices: ['| PTT; | PT; | BT ; | CT', '| PTT; | PT; | BT ; | CT', '| PTT; Normal PT; | BT; Normal CT', '| PTT; Normal PT; | BT; | CT']","output":"| PTT; Normal PT; | BT; | CT"} +{"instruction":"Vagabond disease transmitted by","input":"Choices: ['Mite', 'Louse', 'Tick', 'Black Fly']","output":"Louse"} +{"instruction":"True about gene library -a) Also known as chromosomeb) Library that contains books on genec) Computer base with all gene knowledged) DNA nucleotide or fragmente) Complete collection of gene copies of one organism","input":"Choices: ['ab', 'bc', 'cd', 'de']","output":"de"} +{"instruction":"Mesangial deposition of electron dense substance seen in-","input":"Choices: ['IgA nephropathy', 'Membranous nephropathy', 'Minimal change disease', 'Post streptococcal glomerulonephritis']","output":"IgA nephropathy"} +{"instruction":"In newborn the most common cause of intestinal obstruction is","input":"Choices: ['Annular pancreas', 'Esophageal atresia', 'Duodenal atresia', 'Jejunal atresia']","output":"Duodenal atresia"} +{"instruction":"Teeth affected by radiation hazard show:","input":"Choices: ['Occlusal caries', 'Proximal caries', 'Chronic caries', 'Rampant caries']","output":"Rampant caries"} +{"instruction":"A patient presents with severe pain in right upper quadrant associated with nausea and vomiting, exacerbation during inspiration and tenderness on palpation. Which of the following is the imaging modality of choice for the above patient?","input":"Choices: ['Ultrasonography', 'CT Scan', 'MRI', 'X ray']","output":"Ultrasonography"} +{"instruction":"Shigella associated hemolytic uramic syndrome is associated with all of the following except -","input":"Choices: ['Hyperkalemia', 'Thrombocytopenia', 'Neurological symptom', 'Renal microthrombi']","output":"Neurological symptom"} +{"instruction":"Best marker for GIST is","input":"Choices: ['CD117', 'DOG 1', 'CD 34', 'CD 43']","output":"CD117"} +{"instruction":"Radiation exposure occurs in all except:","input":"Choices: ['CT scan', 'Plain X-ray', 'Fluoroscopy', 'MRI']","output":"MRI"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following structure is present over the mediastinal surface of right lung:","input":"Choices: ['Azygos vein', 'Right thoracic duct', 'Aorta', 'Trachea']","output":"Azygos vein"} +{"instruction":"Gamma radiations are used for sterilizing -","input":"Choices: ['Syringes', 'Cystoscopes', 'Dressing aprons', 'Metal instruments']","output":"Syringes"} +{"instruction":"C-Reactive protein is not raised in?","input":"Choices: ['Rheumatic fever', 'Active rheumatoid arthritis', 'Acute gout', 'Viral fever']","output":"Viral fever"} +{"instruction":"A variety of causative factors have been implicated in the development of Ca esophagus. Which of the following is NOT a predisposing factor for Ca esophagus?","input":"Choices: ['Diveicula', 'Human papilloma virus', 'Mediastinal fibrosis', 'Caustic ingestion']","output":"Mediastinal fibrosis"} +{"instruction":"Unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia in neonate is seen in all of the following except –","input":"Choices: ['Physiological jaundice', 'Dubin johnson syndrome', 'Hypothyroidism', 'Hemolytic anemia']","output":"Dubin johnson syndrome"} +{"instruction":"False regarding NK cells:","input":"Choices: ['NK cell activity is augmented by interferons', 'Initial response in viral infection', 'Active against tumour cells', 'MHC restricted']","output":"MHC restricted"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following carries higher risk of DVT and pulmonary thromboembolsim: March 2013","input":"Choices: ['Hand surgery', 'Breast surgery', 'Hip surgeries', 'Obesity']","output":"Hip surgeries"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is true regarding non-competitive enzyme inhibition?","input":"Choices: ['Vmax increases', 'Vmax decreases', 'Km increases', 'Km decreases']","output":"Vmax decreases"} +{"instruction":"Unilateral undescended testes is ideally operated around –","input":"Choices: ['2 months of age', '6 months of age', '12 months of age', '24 months of age']","output":"6 months of age"} +{"instruction":"Not a cause of microcytic hypochromic anemia -","input":"Choices: ['Sickle cell disease', 'Aplasic anemia', 'Iron deficiency anemia', 'Hereditary spherocytosis']","output":"Sickle cell disease"} +{"instruction":"A 64-year-old man who has worked in a manufacturing plant all his life complains of an 8-month history of chest discomfort, malaise, fever, night sweats, and weight loss. A chest X-ray reveals a pleural effusion and pleural mass encasing the lung. The patient subsequently dies of cardiorespiratory failure. Histologic examination of the pleural mass at autopsy shows a biphasic pattern of epithelial and sarcomatous elements. What is the most likely diagnosis?","input":"Choices: ['Carcinoid tumor', 'Large cell carcinoma', 'Malignant melanoma', 'Malignant mesothelioma']","output":"Malignant mesothelioma"} +{"instruction":"At bih eye is usually","input":"Choices: ['Hypermetropic', 'Myopic', 'Emmetropic', 'Aniseikonic']","output":"Hypermetropic"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following does not need treatment","input":"Choices: ['Neuroblastoma', \"Burkitt's lymphoma\", 'T cell lymphoblastic leukemia', 'AML']","output":"Neuroblastoma"} +{"instruction":"Pearl index is used to calculate: March, September 2009","input":"Choices: ['Accidental pregnancies', 'Population', 'Feility rate', 'Aboions']","output":"Accidental pregnancies"} +{"instruction":"A 25-year-old woman complains of intermittent vague right upper quadrant (RUQ) pain. She has been on oral contraceptive tablets for 6 years. A CT scan of her abdomen shows multiple low-density solid masses occupying the entire right lobe of her liver as well as most of the left lobe. What is the best treatment for this patient?","input":"Choices: ['Hepatic embolization', 'Discontinuation of oral contraceptives and a repeated CT scan of her abdomen in 3-6 months', 'CT-guided percutaneous needle biopsy of several liver masses', 'Laparoscopic biopsy of the liver masses and cholecystectomy']","output":"Discontinuation of oral contraceptives and a repeated CT scan of her abdomen in 3-6 months"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is second generetion H1? antihistaminic -","input":"Choices: ['Cetrizine', 'Promethazine', 'Cinnarizine', 'Pheneramine']","output":"Cetrizine"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following anti leprosy drugs is used in treatment of type 2 lepra reaction:","input":"Choices: ['Clofazimine', 'Dapsone', 'Rifampicin', 'None of the above']","output":"Clofazimine"} +{"instruction":"A drug with plasma half life of 12 hours is administered twice a day. A drug with plasma half life of 12 hours is administered twice a day. Steady state plasma concentration reached is 300 mg\/dl. Which of the following statements about this drug is not true?","input":"Choices: ['Plasma concentration will be approximately 260 mg\/d1 after three half lives of initiation of therapy', 'Intravenous administration will always achieve a higher concentration than oral route', 'After changing the dose, plasma concentration should be measured after 3 days', 'Doubling the dose, will double the plasma concentration after 3 days']","output":"Intravenous administration will always achieve a higher concentration than oral route"} +{"instruction":"All of the following are the feature of masked depression except","input":"Choices: ['Body aches and pains', 'Gastrointestinal symptoms', 'Functional impairment', 'Depressed mood']","output":"Depressed mood"} +{"instruction":"Most common adverse effect of colchicine -","input":"Choices: ['Diarrhoea', 'Peptic ulcer', 'Dyspepsia', 'Pulmonary fibrosis']","output":"Diarrhoea"} +{"instruction":"Which one of the following is a good index of the serverity of an acute disease","input":"Choices: ['Cause specific death rate', 'Case fatality rate', 'Standardized moality ratio', 'Five year survival']","output":"Case fatality rate"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is a single most important indicator of likelihoods of progression of hepatitis to liver cirrhosis -","input":"Choices: ['Etiology', 'Associated serological findings', 'Presence of bridging necrosis', 'Presence of mallory hyaline']","output":"Etiology"} +{"instruction":"A Patient with TB under treatment complains of tinnitus and decreased hearing. Which drug is a causative factor:","input":"Choices: ['lsoniazid', 'Streptomycin', 'Ethambutol', 'Pyrazinamide']","output":"Streptomycin"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following ultrasound marker is associated with greatest increased risk for Trisomy 21 in fetus:","input":"Choices: ['Echogenic foci in hea', 'Hyperechogenic bowel', 'Choroid plexus cysts', 'Nuchal skin fold']","output":"Nuchal skin fold"} +{"instruction":"'rK 39 antigen' is useful for diagnosis of:","input":"Choices: ['Diphtheria', 'Diphtheria Tuberculosis', 'Lprosy', 'Kala azar']","output":"Kala azar"} +{"instruction":"A mentally retarded child aged 12 years has multiple, painful, discharging shiny white lesions around the anus. Which of the following is the most probable diagnosis -","input":"Choices: ['Lupus vulgaris', 'Carcinoma', 'Syphilitic condyloma', 'Haemorrhoids']","output":"Syphilitic condyloma"} +{"instruction":"Musculocutaneous nerve pierces one of the following muscle:","input":"Choices: ['Corachobrachialis', 'Brachialis', 'Biceps', 'Brachioradialis']","output":"Corachobrachialis"} +{"instruction":"The principle that is the spinal cord dorsal roots are sensory and the ventral roots are motor is known as","input":"Choices: [\"Laplace's law\", \"Bell-Magendie's law\", \"Frank Starling's law\", \"Weber-Fechner's law\"]","output":"Bell-Magendie's law"} +{"instruction":"Crown completion of deciduous Mandibular central incisors occur","input":"Choices: ['At birth', '1 ½ month after birth', '2 ½ months after birth', '6 months after birth']","output":"2 ½ months after birth"} +{"instruction":"While managing a mass disaster, the term \"Triage\" applies to -","input":"Choices: ['It is the principle of \"first come, first treated\"', 'It is the classification of the injured on the basis of severity of injuries, with the concept of treating the most seriously injured first', 'It is the classification of the injured on the basis of severity of injuries, with the concept of treating the children and adoslecents first', 'It is the classification of the injured on the basis of severity of injuries, with the concept of treating those first who are likely to survive with medical intervention']","output":"It is the classification of the injured on the basis of severity of injuries, with the concept of treating those first who are likely to survive with medical intervention"} +{"instruction":"The first step in alcohol metabolism by the liver is the formation of acetaldehyde from alcohol, a chemical reaction catalyzed by:","input":"Choices: ['Cytochrome P450', 'NADPH-cytochrome reductase P450', 'Alcohol oxygenase', 'Alcohol dehydrogenase']","output":"Alcohol dehydrogenase"} +{"instruction":"Midsystolic click is characteristic feature of:","input":"Choices: ['MVP', 'MS', 'AR', 'POA']","output":"MVP"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following anesthetic agent can cause adrenocortical suppression?","input":"Choices: ['Halothane', 'Ketamine', 'Etomidate', 'Propofol']","output":"Etomidate"} +{"instruction":"Dennie–Morgan fold is seen in –","input":"Choices: ['Dermatomyositis', 'SLE', 'Psoriasis vulgaris', 'Atopic dermatitis']","output":"Atopic dermatitis"} +{"instruction":"Tribadism means","input":"Choices: ['Sexual relationship between two female', 'Sexual relationship between female and animal', 'Sexual relationship between two males', 'Anal intercourse male with female']","output":"Sexual relationship between two female"} +{"instruction":"Obligate intracellular parasite among the following is","input":"Choices: ['Naegleria fowleri', 'Acanthamoeba', 'Toxoplasma', 'Balamuthia']","output":"Toxoplasma"} +{"instruction":"Posterior cardinal vein develops into:","input":"Choices: ['Superior vena cava', 'Internal jugular vein', 'External jugular vein', 'Common iliac vein']","output":"Common iliac vein"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is a monoclonal antibody against PD-L1 ?","input":"Choices: ['Golimumab', 'Guselkumab', 'Durvalumab', 'Vedolizumab']","output":"Durvalumab"} +{"instruction":"Water is used for hardening in -","input":"Choices: ['Sodalime', 'Baralime', 'Both', 'None']","output":"Baralime"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following syndromes is best associated with congenital hea disease -","input":"Choices: ['Lesch-Nyhan syndrome', 'Rasumussen syndrome', 'Holt Oram syndrome', 'LEOPARD syndrome']","output":"Holt Oram syndrome"} +{"instruction":"The following is not a cell cycle inhibitor","input":"Choices: ['P21', 'P27', 'P16\/INK4a', 'Cyclin D-CDK4 complex']","output":"Cyclin D-CDK4 complex"} +{"instruction":"A 21 years old female was brought to psychiatry opd by her parents. According to mother, patient for last one month has been complaining that the neighbours are trying to record her activities and that they have put a camera in her room. She fuher says that two neighbourhood aunts keep on talking about her and make vulgar comments about her. Mother said that she has never heard any such voice and there house is quite separated from neighbours and its impossible that any voice can come to their house. However, patient insists that people are talking about her and some conspiracy is being hatched about her. The patient was diagnosed with schizophrenia and she was put on risperidone 3 mg\/day. Patient showed significant improvement in her symptoms however on follow up she complained of milky discharge from nipples. Which of the following brain pathway is responsible for this side effect?","input":"Choices: ['Mesolimbic tract', 'Mesocoical tract', 'Tubero-Infundibular tract', 'Coico-striato-thalamic tract']","output":"Tubero-Infundibular tract"} +{"instruction":"Phospholipase A2 act on:","input":"Choices: ['Phosphoglyceric acid', 'Phosphate', 'Ca+', 'Phosphatidyl-inositol']","output":"Phosphatidyl-inositol"} +{"instruction":"Mr. Ramu 30 years old male with papillary carcinoma in thyroid with a nodule < 3 cm confined to neck with 2 lymph node palpable in neck along with lung micro-metastasis. How will you stage this according to AJCC 8th edition?","input":"Choices: ['I', 'II', 'III', 'IV']","output":"II"} +{"instruction":"Significant loss of vision in a patient with hypertension can occur due to all of the following, except -","input":"Choices: ['Occipital infarct', 'Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy', 'Papilloedema', 'Retinal hemorrhage']","output":"Papilloedema"} +{"instruction":"Presence of nephroblastomatosis in a biopsy specimen from Wilm's tumor of left kidney indicates high possibility of","input":"Choices: ['Denys-Drash syndrome', 'Mutation in insulin like growth factor', 'Increased risk of tumor in right kidney', 'Lymph node metastasis']","output":"Increased risk of tumor in right kidney"} +{"instruction":"True regarding crohn's disease are A\/E ?","input":"Choices: ['Scleroderma', 'Transmural involvement', 'Cobble stone appearance', 'Skin involvement']","output":"Scleroderma"} +{"instruction":"All are used in treatment of Helicobactor pylori, EXCEPT:","input":"Choices: ['Colloid bismuth', 'Cisapride', 'Clarithromycin', 'Metronidazole']","output":"Cisapride"} +{"instruction":"PAN-SH site of fatty acid synthase complex accepts:","input":"Choices: ['Acetyl CoA', 'Malonyl CoA', 'Propionyl CoA', 'All']","output":"Malonyl CoA"} +{"instruction":"In the central transaction of the spinal cord which is affected in the last?","input":"Choices: ['Proprioception', 'Pinprick', 'Temperature', 'Pain']","output":"Proprioception"} +{"instruction":"Which of the follwing gas given off in a fire is most commonly known to cause metabolic poisoning?","input":"Choices: ['HCN', 'CO', 'CO2', 'H2S']","output":"CO"} +{"instruction":"Molten - wax appearance is seen in -","input":"Choices: ['Osteoporosis', 'Osteopoikilosis', 'Melorheostosis', 'Osteogenesis imperfecta']","output":"Melorheostosis"} +{"instruction":"In Iron deficiency anaemia, what is seen?","input":"Choices: ['Increased Protoporphyrin', 'Increased iron', 'Increased ferritin', 'Increased transferrin saturation']","output":"Increased Protoporphyrin"} +{"instruction":"All of the following are features of anorexia nervosa except","input":"Choices: ['Restriction of energy intake relative to requirement', 'Intense fear of gaining weight', 'Symptoms emerge in later adolescence', 'Individual has engaged in recurrent episodes of binging or purging behaviour']","output":"Symptoms emerge in later adolescence"} +{"instruction":"Brodmann&;s area number for somatosensory area","input":"Choices: ['4 & 6', '3, 1, 2', '5 & 7', '16 & 18']","output":"3, 1, 2"} +{"instruction":"Copper containing enzyme is -","input":"Choices: ['Cytochrome oxidase', 'Catalase', 'LDH', 'None']","output":"Cytochrome oxidase"} +{"instruction":"Ectopic pregnancy is common in :","input":"Choices: ['Tuboplasty', 'Endometriosis', 'Copper T users', 'All']","output":"All"} +{"instruction":"Three radiographs of the same tooth, taken using a digital intra-oral X-ray system, an intensifying screen\/film cassette combination and conventional dental film (F speed). Which of the following X ray is taken with conventional dental film?","input":"Choices: ['A', 'B', 'C', 'All of the above']","output":"C"} +{"instruction":"True about breast carcinoma are all except: March 2007","input":"Choices: ['Positive family history', 'Median age of presentation is about 40 years', 'More common in muslims', 'All']","output":"More common in muslims"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following liver tumor is likely to develop in females taking oral contraceptives?","input":"Choices: ['Hepatoma', 'Lymphoma', 'Focal nodular hyperplasia', 'Hepatic adenoma']","output":"Hepatic adenoma"} +{"instruction":"\"Millary shadow\" on chest X-ray is seen in","input":"Choices: ['Tuberculosis', 'Rheumatoid Ahritis', 'Pneumoconiosis', 'All']","output":"All"} +{"instruction":"Best test for determining initial stage of renal insufficiency?","input":"Choices: ['Serum creatinine', 'Creatinine clearance', 'Glomerular filtration rate', 'Serum urea']","output":"Serum creatinine"} +{"instruction":"Anti-codon arm is seen in","input":"Choices: ['m-RNA', 'r-RNA', 't-RNA', 'sn- RNA']","output":"t-RNA"} +{"instruction":"Broca's area is :","input":"Choices: ['44 and 45', '40 and 42', '43 and 44', 'None']","output":"44 and 45"} +{"instruction":"Which is not involved in Ankylosing spondylitis :","input":"Choices: ['Knee & Ankle', 'Sacroiliac joint', 'Wrist & elbow', 'Spine']","output":"Wrist & elbow"} +{"instruction":"Tonsillectomy is contraindicated in","input":"Choices: ['Quinsy', 'Small atrophic tonsils', 'Poliomyelitis epidemic', 'Tonsillolith']","output":"Poliomyelitis epidemic"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is not true about pseudopancreatic cyst?","input":"Choices: ['Most common site is lesser sac', 'Most common cause is gallstones', 'Jurasz operation is done', 'Most cases are managed conservatively']","output":"Most common cause is gallstones"} +{"instruction":"Epidemiological study with population as a unit of study-","input":"Choices: ['Ecological study', 'Cohort study', 'Case reference study', 'Experimental study']","output":"Ecological study"} +{"instruction":"Brachy cephalic individual usually has","input":"Choices: ['Narrow dental arches', 'Broad dental arches', 'Normal dental arches', 'B or C']","output":"Broad dental arches"} +{"instruction":"GnRH agonist therapy for leiomyoma is given for","input":"Choices: ['2 → 4 months', '3 → 6 months', '4 → 8 months', '5 → 10 months']","output":"3 → 6 months"} +{"instruction":"A distal shoe type of space maintainer is indicated in","input":"Choices: ['Loss of primary anterior tooth', 'If the primary 2nd molar is lost before the eruption of permanent 1st molar', 'If the primary 2nd molar is lost after the eruption of permanent 1st molar', 'Loss of primary 1st molar']","output":"If the primary 2nd molar is lost before the eruption of permanent 1st molar"} +{"instruction":"All of the following statements are true, EXCEPT:","input":"Choices: ['Cycloxygenase I is an inducible enzyme', 'Cycloyegenase II is induced by cytokines at sites of inflammation', \"PG's and leukotrienes are derived from arachidonic acid\", 'Leukotrienes cause smooth muscle constriction']","output":"Cycloxygenase I is an inducible enzyme"} +{"instruction":"One of the following is not true of Ponderal index:(2000)","input":"Choices: ['It is measure of obesity', 'Is height and weight independent', 'Is height and weight dependant', 'Age independent']","output":"Is height and weight independent"} +{"instruction":"A 43-year-old man sustains a fracture of the tibia. There are no neurologic or muscular lesions noted on careful examination. An above-knee cast is applied. After 6 weeks, the plaster is removed. It is noted that he has a foot drop and is unable to extend his ankle because of pressure injury to which of the following?","input":"Choices: ['Posterior tibial nerve', 'Saphenous nerve', 'Femoral nerve', 'Deep fibula (peroneal) nerve']","output":"Deep fibula (peroneal) nerve"} +{"instruction":"In tissue, Coccidioides immitis produces:","input":"Choices: ['Spherules and endospores', 'Encapsulated yeast cells', 'Fine, delicate hyphae', 'Coarse, septate hyphae']","output":"Spherules and endospores"} +{"instruction":"The anti-hypeensive agent which decreases libido is:","input":"Choices: ['Methyldopa', 'Captopril', 'Diazoxide', 'Hydralazine']","output":"Methyldopa"} +{"instruction":"Chronological order of lochia is -","input":"Choices: ['Rubra, serosa ,alba', 'Alba , rubra, serosa', 'Serosa, alba, rubra', 'Rubra, alba, seosa']","output":"Rubra, serosa ,alba"} +{"instruction":"A nerve injured in radical neck dissection leads to loss of sensation in medial side of the arm, nerve injured is?","input":"Choices: ['Long thoracic nerve', 'Thoracodorsal nerve', 'Dorsal scapular nerve', 'Medial cutaneous nerve of arm']","output":"Medial cutaneous nerve of arm"} +{"instruction":"Essential amino acid is ?","input":"Choices: ['Alanine', 'Serine', 'Arginine', 'Proline']","output":"Arginine"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is a function of primary dentition","input":"Choices: ['Provide lip and cheek support', 'Helps in clear speech', 'Development of alveolar bone', 'All of the above']","output":"All of the above"} +{"instruction":"Lyme disease caused by -","input":"Choices: ['Leptospira', 'Borrelia', 'Treponema', 'Bordetella']","output":"Borrelia"} +{"instruction":"The primary form of cortisol in the plasma is that which is:","input":"Choices: ['Bound to albumin', 'Bound to transthyretin', 'Free in solution', 'Bound to corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG)']","output":"Bound to corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG)"} +{"instruction":"In hibin are secreted by: (PGI May 2011)","input":"Choices: ['Granulosa cells of the ovary', 'Endometrial stromal tumor', 'Endodermal sinus tumor', 'Endometrial adeno carcinoma']","output":"Granulosa cells of the ovary"} +{"instruction":"Narcotics drugs and psychiatry act is applied to all except -","input":"Choices: ['Nicotine', 'Opioids', 'Cocaine', 'Heroine']","output":"Nicotine"} +{"instruction":"A child complains of episodes of abdominal distension, bloating and diarrhea on intake of milk & milk products. Which of the following can be given in that child?","input":"Choices: ['Ice cream', 'Skimmed milk', 'Cold milk', 'Yoghu']","output":"Yoghu"} +{"instruction":"Best position for apically displaced flap is","input":"Choices: ['At the alveolar crest', 'At 2mm apical to alveolar crest', 'At 1mm apical to alveolar crest', 'At 1mm coronal to alveolar crest']","output":"At 2mm apical to alveolar crest"} +{"instruction":"On medical check up of a Punjabi student following findings were seen Hb of 9.9gm\/d1, RBC count of 5.1 million, MCV of 62.5 fl and RDW of 13.51%. What is the most probable diagnosis ?","input":"Choices: ['HbD', 'Thalassemia trait', 'Iron deficiency anemia', 'Anemia of chronic disease']","output":"Thalassemia trait"} +{"instruction":"Reflux into grossly dilated ureter belongs to which grade of Vericoureteric Reflux ?","input":"Choices: ['Grade II', 'Grade III', 'Grade IV', 'Grade V']","output":"Grade IV"} +{"instruction":"Which is not a content of the spermatic cord?","input":"Choices: ['Cremastric artery', 'Testicular artery', 'Pampniform plexus', 'Ilioinguinal nerve']","output":"Ilioinguinal nerve"} +{"instruction":"Zavanelli's manoeuvre done in:","input":"Choices: ['Shoulder dystocia', 'DTA', 'Retained placenta', 'Face presentation']","output":"Shoulder dystocia"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is an example of antisialogogues used to control moisture during orthodontic bonding?","input":"Choices: ['Epinephrine', 'Betamethasone dipropionate', 'Banthine', 'Paracetamol']","output":"Banthine"} +{"instruction":"Glod standard test for insulinoma","input":"Choices: ['72 hr fasting test', 'Plasma insulin levels', 'C-peptide levels', 'Low glucose levels < 30 mg\\\\\/dl']","output":"72 hr fasting test"} +{"instruction":"Buffer in the embalming fluid consists of all except","input":"Choices: ['Sodium borate', 'Sodium bicarbonate', 'Sodium chloride', 'Sodium carbonate']","output":"Sodium chloride"} +{"instruction":"X, Y, Z are three ions permeable through cell membrane X = –50 and Y = –30. If at RMP, when there is no net electrogenic transfer. What is the value of Z?","input":"Choices: ['–130', '10', '80', '–50']","output":"80"} +{"instruction":"Impulsivity, angry outbursts, unstable relationships, deliberate self harm & suicidal tendencies are characteristic of:","input":"Choices: ['Nareissitic personality disorder', 'Schizoid personality', 'Borderline personality', 'Schizotypal PD']","output":"Borderline personality"} +{"instruction":"Recurrent laryngeal nerve lies in relation to?","input":"Choices: ['Superior thyroid aery', 'Inferior thyroid aery', 'Superior thyroid vein', 'Inferior thyroid vein']","output":"Inferior thyroid aery"} +{"instruction":"Epimers of glucose","input":"Choices: ['Mannose', 'Glyceraldehyde', 'Fructose', 'None']","output":"Mannose"} +{"instruction":"Cu T 200 is so called -","input":"Choices: ['200 sqmm of Cu2+ over loop', '200 mm of Cu over loop', 'For 200 days, Cu concentration does not changes', '200 sqcm of Cu over loop']","output":"200 sqmm of Cu2+ over loop"} +{"instruction":"The number of fontanelles present in a newborn child is:","input":"Choices: ['1', '2', '4', '6']","output":"6"} +{"instruction":"Chronic viral hepatitis is seen with all of the following viruses, except?","input":"Choices: ['HBV', 'HCV', 'HDV', 'HEV']","output":"HEV"} +{"instruction":"A 10 month old child presents with two weeks history off fever, vomiting and alteration of sensorium Cranial CT scan reveals basal exudates and hydrocephalus, the most likely etiological agent is –","input":"Choices: ['Mycobacterium tuberculosis', 'Cryptococcus neoformans', 'Listera monocytogenes', 'Streptococcus pneumoniae']","output":"Mycobacterium tuberculosis"} +{"instruction":"In children the most commonly recognised form of familial hyperlipidaemia is -","input":"Choices: ['Hyperiglyceridaemia', 'Hypercholesterolaemia', 'Hyperchylomicronaemia', 'Combined hyperlipidaemia']","output":"Combined hyperlipidaemia"} +{"instruction":"Millennium development goals (MDG) was sterted in -","input":"Choices: ['1990', '1995', '2000', '2005']","output":"2000"} +{"instruction":"A 45 - year old cirrhotic patient presented with severe haematemesis. The management of choice is :","input":"Choices: ['Whole blood transfusion is the best', 'Colloids are preferred over crystalloids', 'Normal saline infusion', 'IV fluid with diuretics']","output":"Whole blood transfusion is the best"} +{"instruction":"All of the following statements are true regarding reversible cell injury except -","input":"Choices: ['Formation of amorphous densities in the mitochondrial matrix', 'Diminished generation of adenosine triphosphate', 'Formation of blebs in the plasma membrane', 'Detachment of ribosomes from the granular endoplasmic reticulum']","output":"Formation of amorphous densities in the mitochondrial matrix"} +{"instruction":"ITP false is ?","input":"Choices: ['Plattet transfusion should be avoided', 'Anticedent history of febrile illness', 'Overactive immune system', 'Steroid should be avoided']","output":"Steroid should be avoided"} +{"instruction":"Chronic subdural hematoma is caused by -","input":"Choices: ['Rupture of bridging veins', 'Fracture skull bones', 'Subarachnoid hemorrhage', 'Hypertension']","output":"Rupture of bridging veins"} +{"instruction":"A reactant generated by neutrophils that plays an impoant role in bacterial killing is","input":"Choices: ['NADPH oxidase', 'Hexose monophosphate shunt', 'G proteins', 'Superoxide anion']","output":"Superoxide anion"} +{"instruction":"Resting membrane potential is mainly due to:","input":"Choices: ['Na+', 'K+', 'Cl-', 'Ca++']","output":"K+"} +{"instruction":"Fouchette is where","input":"Choices: ['Both labia minora meet posteriorly', 'Both labia minora meet anteriorly', 'Labia mionra and majora meet', 'Distance between vulva and labia minora']","output":"Both labia minora meet posteriorly"} +{"instruction":"Chylous ascities is caused by all of the following except:","input":"Choices: ['Colloid carcinoma of stomach.', 'Tuberculosis', 'Trauma.', 'Nephrotic syndrome.']","output":"Colloid carcinoma of stomach."} +{"instruction":"True about malignant hypehermia -","input":"Choices: ['It is genetic, hypometabolic muscle disease', 'It is genetic, hypermetabolic muscle disease', 'It is preoperative complication', 'It is inherited in Autosomal recessive form']","output":"It is genetic, hypermetabolic muscle disease"} +{"instruction":"Urobilinogen is formed in the: September 2006","input":"Choices: ['Liver', 'Kidney', 'Intestine', 'Spleen']","output":"Intestine"} +{"instruction":"A 69-year-old man has lost a friend to prostate cancer, and would like to be evaluated for the disease. He has no urinary symptoms. Which of the following tests is most likely indicated to screen him for prostate cancer?","input":"Choices: ['prostate ultrasound', 'digital rectal examination (DRE)', 'DRE and prostate specific antigen (PSA)', 'PSA']","output":"DRE and prostate specific antigen (PSA)"} +{"instruction":"True about hyperplastic type of tuberculosis","input":"Choices: ['Swallowed infected sputum is the cause', 'Highly virulent compared to ulcerative type', 'Serosa studded with tubercles', 'Pulled up Caecum']","output":"Pulled up Caecum"} +{"instruction":"A 30 year old woman presents to a physician with rather non-specific complaints of fatigue, malaise, low-grade fever, and ahralgias. Screening serum chemistries demonstrate an elevated BUN. The urine shows proteinuria. Testing for which of the following will be most helpful for making the diagnosis?","input":"Choices: ['Anticentromeric antibody', 'Antimitochondrial antibody', 'Antinuclear antibody', 'Anti-TSH receptor antibody']","output":"Antinuclear antibody"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following gland is known as a master of endocrine gland orchestra:","input":"Choices: ['Pituitary gland.', 'Hypothalamus', 'Thyroid gland.', 'Adrenal gland.']","output":"Pituitary gland."} +{"instruction":"A 25 year old lady presented with curdy white discharge from vagina is likely to be suffering from:-","input":"Choices: ['Gonococcal vulvovaginitis', 'Candida vaginitis', 'Trichomoniasis', 'Chlamydia trachomatis']","output":"Candida vaginitis"} +{"instruction":"A patient with Hodgkin's lymphoma is having a single cervical lymphnode. Biopsy showed lymphocyte predominant variant. Which of the following is the treatment of choice:","input":"Choices: ['Chemotherapy with Radiotherapy', 'Chemotherapy only', 'Radiotherapy only', 'No treatment needed']","output":"Radiotherapy only"} +{"instruction":"A 65yr old male patient presents with history of early morning bloody diarrhoea, Change in bowel habits, Intermittent Obstruction.Sometimes he had a feeling of incomplete evacuation and Tenesmus. There is no positive family history for any carcinoma.What will be the treatment of choice in this case:","input":"Choices: ['Total mesorectal excision', \"Hamann's procedure\", 'Anterior resection', 'Abdominoperineal resection']","output":"Total mesorectal excision"} +{"instruction":"Most common symptom of alcohol withdrawal is -","input":"Choices: ['Bodyache', 'Tremor', 'Diarrhoea', 'Rhinonheo']","output":"Tremor"} +{"instruction":"What is the following most characteristic feature of congenital hyperophic pyloric stenosis?","input":"Choices: ['The patient is commonly marasmic', 'It is associated with early loss of appetite', 'It mostly affects the first born female child', 'The pyloric tumour is best felt during feeding']","output":"The pyloric tumour is best felt during feeding"} +{"instruction":"Non-gonococcal urethritis is caused by: September 2012","input":"Choices: ['Chlamydia', 'LGV', 'Syphilis', 'Gardnella vaginalis']","output":"Chlamydia"} +{"instruction":"Fractional excretion of sodium (FENa) is calculated as","input":"Choices: ['x 100', 'x 100', 'x 100', 'x 100']","output":"x 100"} +{"instruction":"Most common cause of Lower GIT bleeding in adults?","input":"Choices: ['Diveiculitis', 'Ulcerative colitis', 'Angiodysplasia colon', 'Colorectal cancer']","output":"Diveiculitis"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is false regarding echinocytes","input":"Choices: ['Irregular spicules on RBC surface', 'Seen in liver disorders', 'Both of the above', 'None of the above']","output":"Irregular spicules on RBC surface"} +{"instruction":"A 20-year-old female presented with complaints of nausea, vomiting and pain in the legs. Her physical examination and lab investigations are normal. Still she persistently request for investigations and treatment despite repeated assurance by her doctor. What would be the most probable diagnosis: September 2012","input":"Choices: ['Generalized anxiety disorder', 'Conversion disorder', 'Somatiform pain disorder', 'Somatisation disorder']","output":"Somatiform pain disorder"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is not an Oxidative type of drug metabolism?","input":"Choices: ['Deamination', 'N-oxidation', 'N-dealkylation', 'Glucuronidation']","output":"Glucuronidation"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is not true about cardiac enzymes in myocardial infarction?","input":"Choices: ['Last enzyme to increase is lactate dehydrogenase', 'One of the earliest enzymes is myoglobin', 'CK-MB is the best enzyme for diagnosis of reinfarction', 'Troponin is highly specific for diagnosis of infarction']","output":"CK-MB is the best enzyme for diagnosis of reinfarction"} +{"instruction":"All of the following statements are true regarding Staphylococci except","input":"Choices: ['A majority of infections caused by coagulase-negatively Staphylococci are due to Staphyloccus epidermis', 'b-lactamase production in Staphylococci is under plasmid control', 'Expression of methicillin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus increases when it is incubated at 37 oC on blood agar', 'Methicillin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus is independent of b-lactamase production']","output":"A majority of infections caused by coagulase-negatively Staphylococci are due to Staphyloccus epidermis"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is the most common renal cystic disease in infants is?","input":"Choices: ['Polycystic kidney', 'Simple renal cyst', 'Unilateral renal dysplasia', 'Calyceal cyst']","output":"Unilateral renal dysplasia"} +{"instruction":"DNA covering material in a virus is called as -","input":"Choices: ['Capsomere', 'Capsid', 'Nucleocapsid', 'Envelope']","output":"Capsid"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following tube has high pressure - low volume cuff-","input":"Choices: ['Red rubber tube', 'RAE tube', 'Laser tube', 'Microlaryngeal tube']","output":"Laser tube"} +{"instruction":"A 12-year-old child with acute kidney injury after a bout of dysentery. Not seen is:","input":"Choices: ['M.A.H.A', 'Schistocytes', 'Normal serum haptoglobin', 'Thrombocytopenia']","output":"Normal serum haptoglobin"} +{"instruction":"Reduction in central_____ plays a vital role in suicidal behavior.","input":"Choices: ['Dopamine', 'Acetylcholine', 'Serotonin', 'Epinephrine']","output":"Serotonin"} +{"instruction":"When atrial fibrillation persists on digoxin therapy, inadequate digoxin dose is suspected. Plasma levels of digoxin for confirmation are taken after 6 hours of last dose taking into consideration which of the following?","input":"Choices: ['Rate of absorption', 'Rate of distribution', 'Rate of clearance', 'Rate of elimination']","output":"Rate of distribution"} +{"instruction":"Starry sky appearance is seen in -","input":"Choices: ['Burkitts lymphoma', 'CLL', 'Diffuse large B cell lymphoma', 'ALCL']","output":"Burkitts lymphoma"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following drugs produces dissociative anesthesia-","input":"Choices: ['Ketamine', 'Propofol', 'Thiopentone', 'Enflurane']","output":"Ketamine"} +{"instruction":"Cephalic index helps in identification of the following feature:","input":"Choices: ['Race', 'Stature', 'Sex', 'Weight']","output":"Sex"} +{"instruction":"All pass through deep inguinal ring, except:","input":"Choices: ['Spermatic cord', 'Internal spermatic fascia', 'Round ligament', 'Ilio inguinal nerve']","output":"Ilio inguinal nerve"} +{"instruction":"Myocardial infarction is associated with increased of","input":"Choices: ['CPK', 'CPK-MM', 'CPK-MB', 'CPK - BB']","output":"CPK-MB"} +{"instruction":"Oxygen dissociation curve shifts to right in the following condition:","input":"Choices: ['Hyperkalemia', 'Hypokalemia', 'Metabolic alkalosis', 'Severe anemia']","output":"Severe anemia"} +{"instruction":"Embryonic hemoglobin is -","input":"Choices: ['Adult hemoglobin', 'Fetal hemoglobin', 'Gower', 'None']","output":"Gower"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following drugs produce significant nephrotoxicity ?","input":"Choices: ['Cisplatin', 'Carboplatin', 'Vinblastine', 'Vincristine']","output":"Cisplatin"} +{"instruction":"All tests are used to detect live bih, except:","input":"Choices: [\"Ploucquet's test\", \"Fodere's test\", \"Gettler's test\", \"Raygat's test\"]","output":"Gettler's test"} +{"instruction":"Type of anemia seen in H.pylori infection :","input":"Choices: ['Microcytic anemia', 'Megaloblastic anemia', 'Normocytic anemia', 'Aplastic anemia']","output":"Microcytic anemia"} +{"instruction":"Muscle rigidity due to opiods is becasue of their effect on aEUR'","input":"Choices: ['>mu', '>kappa', 'Sigma', '>delta']","output":">mu"} +{"instruction":"Xeroderma pigmentatosa is caused due to a group of closely related abnormalities in","input":"Choices: ['Mismatch repair', 'Base excision repair', 'Nucleotide excision repair', 'SOS repair']","output":"Nucleotide excision repair"} +{"instruction":"All of the following are true for patients of ulcerative colitis associated with primary sclerosing cholangitis, except","input":"Choices: ['They may develop biliary chrrhosis', 'May have raised alkaline phosphatase', 'Increased risk of hilar cholangiocarcinoma', 'PSC reverts after a total colectomy']","output":"PSC reverts after a total colectomy"} +{"instruction":"Pathology in Marfan syndrome ?","input":"Choices: ['Fibrillin I', 'Fibrillin II', 'Collegen', 'Elastin']","output":"Fibrillin I"} +{"instruction":"Epithelium of comea is","input":"Choices: ['Pseudostratified', 'Transitional', 'Statified squamous keratinized', 'Statified squamous non keratinized']","output":"Statified squamous non keratinized"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is true about the Periodontal Index?","input":"Choices: ['Was developed by Ramfjord in 1959', 'Is only of limited use for individual assessment', 'It measures the level of the periodontal attachment related to the cementoenamel junction of the teeth', 'It only measures the destructive and presumably irreversible changes brought about by deeper periodontal disease']","output":"Is only of limited use for individual assessment"} +{"instruction":"Which one of the following is NOT dimorphic fungi?","input":"Choices: ['Cryptococcus', 'Histoplasma', 'Coccidioidomycosis', 'Blastomycosis']","output":"Cryptococcus"} +{"instruction":"Most common type of rhabdomyosarcoma is?","input":"Choices: ['Pleomorphic', 'Embryonal', 'Alveolar', 'Botryoid']","output":"Embryonal"} +{"instruction":"All of the following drugs are useful in detrussor instability except aEUR'","input":"Choices: ['Solefenacin', 'Tolterodine', 'Flavoxate', 'Duloxetine']","output":"Duloxetine"} +{"instruction":"True about concentration of Oral Rehydration Solution is: March 2007","input":"Choices: ['Sodium 70 mEq\/ lit', 'Potassium 20 mEq\/lit', 'Bicarbonate 80 mEq\/ lit', 'Chloride 30 mEq\/ lit']","output":"Potassium 20 mEq\/lit"} +{"instruction":"True about NREM sleep is","input":"Choices: ['Teeth grinding', 'Narcolepsy', 'Night mares', 'Sleep paralysis']","output":"Teeth grinding"} +{"instruction":"All of the following statement are true regarding CNS infection except:","input":"Choices: ['Measles virus is causative agent of subacute sclerosing panecephalitis', 'Cytomegalovirus causes bilateral temporal lobe hemorrhagic infarction', 'Prion infection cause spongiform encephalopathy', 'JC virus is causative agent of progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy']","output":"Cytomegalovirus causes bilateral temporal lobe hemorrhagic infarction"} +{"instruction":"Among the given options below, what is the additional energy allowance needed per day for a woman during her pregnancy, from her usual?","input":"Choices: ['150 Kcals', '200 Kcals', '300 Kcals', '550 Kcals']","output":"300 Kcals"} +{"instruction":"Mean hemoglobin of a sample of 100 pregnant women was found to be 10 mg% with a standard error of 1.0 mg%. The standard error of the estimate would he","input":"Choices: ['0.01', '0.1', '1', '10']","output":"0.1"} +{"instruction":"Ulcerative colitis almost always involves the ... -","input":"Choices: ['Caecum', 'Sigmoid', 'Right colon', 'Rectum']","output":"Rectum"} +{"instruction":"Sex cord ovarian tumors are all except -","input":"Choices: ['Teratoma', 'Granulosa cell tumors', 'Thecoma', 'Sertoli - Leydig cell tumors']","output":"Teratoma"} +{"instruction":"Hob nail cells are seen in :","input":"Choices: ['Hilus cell tumor', 'Clear cell carcinoma', 'Dysgerminoma', 'Arrhenoblastoma']","output":"Clear cell carcinoma"} +{"instruction":"Delusion is the disorder of which of the following:","input":"Choices: ['Thought', 'Perception', 'Always organic', 'Always psychiatric']","output":"Thought"} +{"instruction":"The recommended treatment for pregnant women with syphilis is","input":"Choices: ['Tetracycline', 'Oral pencillin', 'Parenteral pencillin', 'Aminoglycosides']","output":"Parenteral pencillin"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following immunoglobulin is a pen tamer?","input":"Choices: ['IgG', 'IgA', 'IgM', 'IgD']","output":"IgM"} +{"instruction":"The percentage of drug remaining in the plasma after 3 half life is","input":"Choices: ['6.25%', '12%', '6%', '12.50%']","output":"12.50%"} +{"instruction":"Which is not true about attitude ?","input":"Choices: ['Adjustment', 'Knowledge', 'Cognition', 'Affect']","output":"Adjustment"} +{"instruction":"What happens to shoulder joint when there is a fall in outstretched hand","input":"Choices: ['Internal rotation,adduction', 'External rotation, adduction', 'External rotation, abduction', 'Internal rotation, abduction']","output":"External rotation, abduction"} +{"instruction":"With ageing, a slight decrease in cognitive impairment is seen due to increase in level of:","input":"Choices: ['Methionine', 'Cysteine', 'Homocysteine', 'Taurine']","output":"Homocysteine"} +{"instruction":"Virus causing oropharyngeal carcinoma -","input":"Choices: ['EBV', 'HPV', 'HHV-8', 'HTLV']","output":"HPV"} +{"instruction":"Delayed prolonged bleeding is caused by -","input":"Choices: ['Histamine', 'Leukocyte dependent injury', 'IL-1', 'Direct injury to endothelial cells']","output":"Direct injury to endothelial cells"} +{"instruction":"Frequency of renal involvement in HSP -","input":"Choices: ['20-40%', '>80%', '40-60%', '10%']","output":"40-60%"} +{"instruction":"A patient presented with stridor and dyspnea which he developed after an attack of upper respiratory tract infection. On examination, he was found to have a 3 mm glottic opening. All of the following are used in the management except -","input":"Choices: ['Tracheostomy', 'Arytenoidectomy', 'Teflon injection', 'Cordectomy']","output":"Teflon injection"} +{"instruction":"Component of PQLI -","input":"Choices: ['Neonatal moality rate', 'Infant moality rate', 'Perinatal moality rate', 'None of the above']","output":"Infant moality rate"} +{"instruction":"The following technique is used to analyze DNA obtained from cancer biopsies, in which tumor cells are often contaminated with large numbers of admixed stromal cells","input":"Choices: ['Sanger sequencing', 'Single base primer extension', 'Pyrosequencing', 'Amplicon length analysis']","output":"Pyrosequencing"} +{"instruction":"Neoplastic transformation in leucopLakia is seen most commonly in","input":"Choices: ['Buccal mucosa', 'Floor of mouth', 'Lateral border of tongue', 'palate']","output":"Floor of mouth"} +{"instruction":"False regarding lateral geniculate body","input":"Choices: ['Part of thalamus', 'M Cells are responsible for Depth', 'P Cells are responsible for movement', 'None of the above']","output":"P Cells are responsible for movement"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following medications is contraindicated in patients with allergy to sulphonamides -","input":"Choices: ['Levobunolol', 'Bimatoprost', 'Brinzolamide', 'Brimonidine']","output":"Brinzolamide"} +{"instruction":"An 80-year old male diabetic has a 7-cm, pulsating mass in the midline of his lower abdomen, He has poor pulses in his lower extremities. Which of the following complications of aoic atherosclerosis is responsible for the development of this lesion?","input":"Choices: ['Ulceration of atherosclerotic plaque', 'Thrombosis overlying atherosclerotic plaque', 'Hemorrhage into the plaque substance', 'Atrophy (thinning) of the media']","output":"Atrophy (thinning) of the media"} +{"instruction":"Cabitus varus is most commonly seen in -","input":"Choices: ['Rickets', 'Post inflammatory epiphyseal damage', 'Fracture lateral condyle humerus', 'Malunited supracondylar fracture']","output":"Malunited supracondylar fracture"} +{"instruction":"Gallow's traction for fracture shaft femur is used in which of the following age -","input":"Choices: ['< 2 years', '3-6 years', '7-13 years', '> 13 years']","output":"< 2 years"} +{"instruction":"Most common cause of HUS in children is -","input":"Choices: ['E coli O157\/H7', 'S typhi', 'Shigella', 'None']","output":"E coli O157\/H7"} +{"instruction":"Treatment of erythematous skin rash with multiple pus lakes in a pregnant woman is:","input":"Choices: ['Coicosteroids', 'Retinoids', 'Methotrexate', 'Psoralen with PUVA']","output":"Coicosteroids"} +{"instruction":"Passive transfer of solvent occurs in:","input":"Choices: ['Osmosis', 'Diffusion', 'Pinocytosis', 'All of the above']","output":"Osmosis"} +{"instruction":"Pulmonary capillary pressure is:","input":"Choices: ['5 mm Hg', '10 mm Hg', '20 mm Hg', '32 mm Hg']","output":"10 mm Hg"} +{"instruction":"Raja Devi 45 yrs old women present with history of polymenorrhea for last six months. The first line of management is:","input":"Choices: ['Hysterectomy', 'Progesterone for 3 cycles', 'Dilatation & curettage', 'Oral contraceptive for 3 cycles']","output":"Oral contraceptive for 3 cycles"} +{"instruction":"Which hea valve has leaflets described as \"anterior, left and right\"?","input":"Choices: ['Aoic', 'Pulmonary', 'Left atrioventricular', 'Right atrioventricular']","output":"Pulmonary"} +{"instruction":"Which carpal bone appears at 2 months of age?","input":"Choices: ['Capitate', 'Pisiform', 'Lunate', 'Trapezoid']","output":"Capitate"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following drug is used in sickle cellanemiaaEUR'","input":"Choices: ['>Hydroxyurea', '>Carmustine', '> Paclitaxel', '>Bleomycin']","output":">Hydroxyurea"} +{"instruction":"Hypertrichosis is seen with following drugs EXCEPT:","input":"Choices: ['Minoxidil', 'Cyclosporine', 'Barbiturates', 'Phenytoin']","output":"Barbiturates"} +{"instruction":"What is the most common microorganism found in pediatric subacute infec ve endocarditis?","input":"Choices: ['Staph aureus', 'Strep viridans', 'E. coli', 'Pneumococci']","output":"Strep viridans"} +{"instruction":"Which among the following will complicate as hyperchloremic acidosis -","input":"Choices: ['Ureterosigmoidostomy', 'Diarrhoea', 'Vomiting', 'Ileoplasty']","output":"Ureterosigmoidostomy"} +{"instruction":"Most common salivary gland involved by stone is","input":"Choices: ['Parotid', 'Submandibular', 'Minor', 'None']","output":"Submandibular"} +{"instruction":"In a monkey temporal lobectomy was done. What is not seen?","input":"Choices: ['Sexual desire', 'Visual agnosia', 'Oral tendency', 'Fearfulness']","output":"Fearfulness"} +{"instruction":"Type of wave in Metabolic Encephalopathy-","input":"Choices: ['Alpha', 'Beta', 'Gamma', 'Delta']","output":"Delta"} +{"instruction":"Which one of the following soft tissue sarcomas frequently metastasizes to lymph nodes?","input":"Choices: ['Fibrosarcoma', 'Osteosarcoma', 'Embryonal Rhabdomyosarcoma', 'Alveolar soft pa sarcoma']","output":"Embryonal Rhabdomyosarcoma"} +{"instruction":"Shortest acting benzodiazepine is:","input":"Choices: ['Midazolam', 'Alprazolam', 'Lorazepam', 'Diazepam']","output":"Midazolam"} +{"instruction":"Vitamin required for post-translational modification of clotting factors:","input":"Choices: ['Vitamin A', 'Vitamin D', 'Vitamin E', 'Vitamin K']","output":"Vitamin K"} +{"instruction":"Sub lingual gland is situated between:","input":"Choices: ['Hyoglossus and genioglossus', 'Hyoglossus and styloglossus', 'Genioglossus and mandible', 'Geniohyoid and genioglossus']","output":"Genioglossus and mandible"} +{"instruction":"Doctors role in noting dying declaration is to-","input":"Choices: ['Ascertain compos mentis', 'Call the magistrate', 'Elicit information by leading questions', 'Ask the investigating medical officer to be there']","output":"Ascertain compos mentis"} +{"instruction":"An 8 month old female has history of kernicterus. On sudden movement of the baby’s neck, the following features were seen abduction and extension of the arms, opening of hands and adduction of arms in front of the body.\nWhich reflex is elicited in this infant?","input":"Choices: ['Moro’s reflex', 'Startle reflex', 'Asymmetric tonic reflex', 'Parachute reflex']","output":"Moro’s reflex"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is the most common congenital anatomic variant of the human pancreas?","input":"Choices: ['Pancreas divisum', 'Annular pancreas', 'Duplication of pancreaticoduodenal aery', 'Pancreas trivisum']","output":"Pancreas divisum"} +{"instruction":"Complex polysaccharides are conveed to glucose and absorbed by the help of-","input":"Choices: ['a) Na+K+ATPase', 'b) Sucrase', 'c) Enterokinase', 'd) Carboxypeptidase']","output":"b) Sucrase"} +{"instruction":"Which does not cause skin involvement -","input":"Choices: ['M. tuberculosis', 'M. Ulcerans', 'M. Marinum', 'M. Kansasii']","output":"M. Kansasii"} +{"instruction":"In a child with itchy lesions over the groin and prepuce. Which of the following should not be advised NOT RELATED DERMA","input":"Choices: ['Bath and apply scabicidal', 'Treat family', 'Boil the clothes', 'IV antibiotics']","output":"IV antibiotics"} +{"instruction":"Which protein is absent in saliva?","input":"Choices: ['Lactoferrin', 'Amylase', 'Mucin', 'Intrinsic factor']","output":"Intrinsic factor"} +{"instruction":"\"Humanity has hut three great enemies: fever; famine and war; of these by far the greatest, by far the most terrible, is fever.99 It is a saying of","input":"Choices: ['Sir William Osier', 'William Harvey', 'Ronald Ross', 'Joseph Lister']","output":"Sir William Osier"} +{"instruction":"This investigation to visualize parathyroids is done using","input":"Choices: ['99mTc sestamibi', '99mTc peechnetate', '99mTc exametazime', '99mTc MAG3']","output":"99mTc sestamibi"} +{"instruction":"Principle of pole dilatation is:","input":"Choices: ['Dilatation of alveolus.', 'Expansion of bony socket.', 'Both of the above.', 'None.']","output":"Both of the above."} +{"instruction":"Cholinergic drugs are used in all the following conditions except","input":"Choices: ['Cobra Bite', 'Post operative paralytic ileus', 'Glaucoma', 'Bradycardia']","output":"Bradycardia"} +{"instruction":"First sign of puberty in girls –","input":"Choices: ['Puberchy', 'Thelarchy', 'Growth spurt', 'Menarche']","output":"Thelarchy"} +{"instruction":"All are true about Iron deficiency of anemia EXCEPT","input":"Choices: ['Hypochromic microcytic', 'Sideroblasts', 'Serum ferritin is a marker', 'Anisocytosis and poikilocytosis']","output":"Sideroblasts"} +{"instruction":"Root of mesentery doesn't cross the following","input":"Choices: ['Right ureter', 'Abdominal aoa', 'Inferior vena cava', 'Second pa of duodenum']","output":"Second pa of duodenum"} +{"instruction":"Paranasal sinuses presents at bih are","input":"Choices: ['Frontal and maxillary', 'Ethmoid and maxillary', 'Frontal and ethmoid', 'Sphenoid and ethmoid']","output":"Ethmoid and maxillary"} +{"instruction":"True about gall stones -","input":"Choices: ['More common in female', 'Gall stones, haitus hernia, CBD stones form Saints triad', 'Limely bile precipitated', 'Lithotripsy always done']","output":"More common in female"} +{"instruction":"Pleomorphic adenoma of the lacrimal gland moves the eyeball -","input":"Choices: ['Downwards and inwards', 'Downwards and outwards', 'Upwards and outwards', 'Upwards and inwards']","output":"Downwards and inwards"} +{"instruction":"\"Sunray appearance\" on X-ray is suggestive of -","input":"Choices: ['A chondrosarcoma', 'A metastatic tumour in the bone', 'An osteogenic sarcoma', \"An Ewing's sarcoma\"]","output":"An osteogenic sarcoma"} +{"instruction":"A patient has carcinoma of right tongue on its lateral border of anterior 2\/3rd, with lymph node of size 4 cm in level 3 on left side of the neck, stage of disease is:","input":"Choices: ['NO', 'N1', 'N2', 'N3']","output":"N2"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is the first site of appearance of Rigor mois after death?","input":"Choices: ['Jaws', 'Eye lid', 'Facial muscles', 'Myocardium']","output":"Myocardium"} +{"instruction":"A patient presented with renal cell carcinoma invading IVC and renal vein. False statement is:","input":"Choices: ['Pre-op biopsy is not necessary', 'IVC involvement indicates inoperability', 'Pre-op radiotherapy is not essential', 'Chest X-ray should be done to rule out pulmonary metastasis']","output":"IVC involvement indicates inoperability"} +{"instruction":"Cause of death in organophosphorous poisoning is due to","input":"Choices: ['Cardiac failure', 'Hepatic failure', 'Renal failure', 'Respiratory failure']","output":"Respiratory failure"} +{"instruction":"All of the following type of renal stones are seen in females, EXCEPT:","input":"Choices: ['Stones associated with Idiopathic hypercalciuria', 'Renal stones in Distal renal tubular acidosis', 'Renal stones in Primary hyperoxaluria', 'Renal stones in Lesch-Nyhan syndrome']","output":"Renal stones in Lesch-Nyhan syndrome"} +{"instruction":"Neonatal hepatitis, cholestasis, triangle shaped face, pulmonary stenosis is seen in","input":"Choices: ['Apert syndrome', 'Noonan syndrome', 'Alagille syndrome', 'William syndrome']","output":"Alagille syndrome"} +{"instruction":"Opioid agonist are ALE aEUR'","input":"Choices: ['Morphine', 'Codeine', 'Ketamine', 'Methadone']","output":"Ketamine"} +{"instruction":"Foreign body aspirated during dental procedures can be retrieved by:","input":"Choices: ['Bronchoscopy', 'Gastroscopy', 'Arthroscopy', 'None of the above']","output":"Bronchoscopy"} +{"instruction":"A 25-year-old pregnant female at 18 weeks gestation period presented to the Obstetrics OPD for routine ultrasound. Lab findings suggested severe anemia in the patient. Peripheral blood smear of the female is given. USG of the fetus showed an abnormality. Which of the following structures are responsible for the above abnormality: -","input":"Choices: ['Dorsal sclerotome', 'Ventral sclerotome', 'Lateral sclerotome', 'Myotome']","output":"Dorsal sclerotome"} +{"instruction":"Precocious puberty in girl age limit -","input":"Choices: ['8 year', '10 year', '9 year', '11 year']","output":"8 year"} +{"instruction":"Adipocure occurs in","input":"Choices: ['Arsenic poison', 'Lying in water', 'Body inside car locked doors', 'Inside shallow soil']","output":"Lying in water"} +{"instruction":"Lynch syndrome is seen in?","input":"Choices: ['Hereditary non polyposis colon cancer', 'Gastric adenocarcinoma', 'Hepatoma', 'Familial polyposis of the colon']","output":"Hereditary non polyposis colon cancer"} +{"instruction":"In malaria, sexual cycle is -","input":"Choices: ['Sporozoites to gametocytes', 'Gametocytes to sporozoites', 'Occurs in human', 'Responsible for relapse']","output":"Gametocytes to sporozoites"} +{"instruction":"Under the ICDS scheme a child of 12 months age who is severely malnourished will get supplementary nutrition amounting to:","input":"Choices: ['500 calories and 12-15 grams protein', '800 calories and 20-25 grams protein', '600 calories and 18-20 grams protein', '500 calories and 20-25 grams protein']","output":"800 calories and 20-25 grams protein"} +{"instruction":"House keeping genes are","input":"Choices: ['Inducible', 'Required only when inducer is present', 'Mutant', 'Not regulated']","output":"Not regulated"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following statements regarding live vaccines is false","input":"Choices: ['Two live vaccines cannot be administered simultaneously', 'Booster doses are not required when live vaccines are administered', 'Single dose gives lfe long immunity', 'Live vaccine contains both major and minor antigens']","output":"Two live vaccines cannot be administered simultaneously"} +{"instruction":"Primary structural defect of an organ is termed -","input":"Choices: ['Malformation', 'Disruption', 'Deformation', 'Association']","output":"Malformation"} +{"instruction":"Hepatic fibrosis is associated with which of the following","input":"Choices: ['Medullary cystic kidney', 'ADPKD', 'ARPKD', 'Nephronopthosis']","output":"ARPKD"} +{"instruction":"A 65 year old elderly male has history of sweating and chest pain for last 24 hrs with the following ECG. Which of the following is not given in managing the patient?","input":"Choices: ['Aspirin', 'Statin', 'Thrombolytic therapy', 'Morphine']","output":"Thrombolytic therapy"} +{"instruction":"All of the following statements about Ranolazine are true, except:","input":"Choices: ['Piperazine derived antianginal agent', 'May be used as first line agent in chronic angina', 'May improve Glycemic control', 'Hypotension is an established adverse effect']","output":"Hypotension is an established adverse effect"} +{"instruction":"Grid is used in radiography to:","input":"Choices: ['Reduce KVP', 'Reduce exposure time', 'Reduce fogging', 'None of the above']","output":"Reduce fogging"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is not true about Klumpke's paralysis?","input":"Choices: ['Involves lower trunk of brachial plexus', 'Intrinsic muscles of hand are paralysed', 'Claw hand is a feature', \"Horner's syndrome can never be associated\"]","output":"Horner's syndrome can never be associated"} +{"instruction":"Intrauterine exposure of diethylstilboestrol is associated with -","input":"Choices: ['Squamous cell carcinoma of cervix', 'Adenocarcinoma of endometrium', 'Clear cell adenocarcinoma of vagina', 'Sarcoma of uterus']","output":"Clear cell adenocarcinoma of vagina"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following drug inhibits plasminogen activation : March 2009","input":"Choices: ['Aspirin', 'Tranexaemic acid', 'Alteplase', 'Streptokinase']","output":"Tranexaemic acid"} +{"instruction":"The causative organism in Madura Mycosis Mycetoma is -","input":"Choices: ['Nocardia', 'Dimorphic fungus', 'Aspergillus', 'Dermatophytes']","output":"Nocardia"} +{"instruction":"A 12-year-old boy had a gradually progressive plaque on a buttock for the last 3 years. The plaque was 15 cm in diameter, annular in shape, with crusting and induration at the periphery and scarring at the centre. The most likely diagnosis –","input":"Choices: ['Tinea corporis', 'Granuloma annulare', 'Lupus vulgaris', 'Borderline leprosy']","output":"Lupus vulgaris"} +{"instruction":"False about ropivacaine","input":"Choices: ['Less cardiotoxic than bupivacaine', 'More cardiotoxic than lignocaine', 'Contains only R enantiomer', 'Onset of action is faster than bupivacaine']","output":"Onset of action is faster than bupivacaine"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following can cause hypoglycaemia in a patient of severe cerebral malaria on treatment?","input":"Choices: ['Quinine', 'Chloroquine', 'Halofantrine', 'Mefloquine']","output":"Quinine"} +{"instruction":"A complicated case of diveicular disease is defined as diveicula with?","input":"Choices: ['Abdominal pain', 'Abscess and perforation', 'Constipation or diarrhea', 'Diveicular bleeding']","output":"Abscess and perforation"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following biochemical change is seen in primary hyperparathyroidism?","input":"Choices: ['Ca++| P04 |', 'Ca++| P04 |', 'Ca++| P04 |', 'Ca++| P04 |']","output":"Ca++| P04 |"} +{"instruction":"Which among the following is the earliest to be detected by an antenatal USG?","input":"Choices: ['Anencephaly', \"Down's syndrome\", 'Gender', 'Cleft palate']","output":"Anencephaly"} +{"instruction":"Anaesthetic that has a smooth induction is","input":"Choices: ['Diehyl ether', 'Isoflurane', 'N2O', 'Halothane']","output":"Halothane"} +{"instruction":"Hepcidin is secreted by which of the following?","input":"Choices: ['Kidney', 'Bone marrow', 'Duodenum', 'Liver']","output":"Liver"} +{"instruction":"16 F foleys is used in","input":"Choices: ['Acute urinary retention', 'CA penis', 'Pyonephrosis', 'None']","output":"Acute urinary retention"} +{"instruction":"Von Magnus phenomenon:","input":"Choices: ['Is a normal replicative cycle', 'Virus yield has low Hemagglutination', 'Virus has high infectivity', 'Virus yields has high Hemagglutination low infectivity']","output":"Virus yields has high Hemagglutination low infectivity"} +{"instruction":"All are true about squamous cell carcinoma of skin except:","input":"Choices: ['It is called marjolin ulcer when develops in scar', 'Radiotherapy may be used in treatment', 'Hematogenous spread is common & occur early', 'May develop in chronic ulcer']","output":"Hematogenous spread is common & occur early"} +{"instruction":"The pacemaker of intestine is:","input":"Choices: ['Interstitial cells of cajal', 'Smooth muscle', 'Collagen fiber', 'All']","output":"Interstitial cells of cajal"} +{"instruction":"Bone marrow finding in myelofibrosis is ?","input":"Choices: ['Leucoerythroblastosis', 'Tear drop cells', 'Leucocytopenia', 'All of the above']","output":"All of the above"} +{"instruction":"Hormones required during puberty","input":"Choices: ['LH', 'Testosterone', 'Leptin', 'All of the above']","output":"All of the above"} +{"instruction":"Socratic method of communication is used to","input":"Choices: ['One way communication', 'Two way communication', 'Verbal communication', 'Formal communication']","output":"Two way communication"} +{"instruction":"During DNA replication, Okazaki fragments are seen in relation to:","input":"Choices: ['Leading strand', 'Lagging strand', 'Both \"', 'Helicase']","output":"Lagging strand"} +{"instruction":"Following hormonal levels are increased in small cell carcinoma of lung except:","input":"Choices: ['ACTH', 'Growth hormone', 'ANF', 'AVP']","output":"Growth hormone"} +{"instruction":"What is the mode of action of warfarin?","input":"Choices: ['Factor Xa inhibitor', 'Vitamin K antagonist', 'Activates antithrombin III', 'Activates factor IX']","output":"Vitamin K antagonist"} +{"instruction":"Selective media for N. gonorrhoeael","input":"Choices: ['Thayer martin media', 'Smith Noguchi media', 'Proskaur and Bech media', 'Bordet gongue media']","output":"Thayer martin media"} +{"instruction":"Growth trends show that in most patients","input":"Choices: ['maxilla and mandible grow in unison', 'maxilla grows more rapidly', 'mandible grows at faster rate than the middle third of the face', 'no such conclusion could be made']","output":"mandible grows at faster rate than the middle third of the face"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is not a radiological feature of meningioma?","input":"Choices: ['Lamellar calcification', 'Enlarged foramen spinosum', 'Increased meningeal vascular markings', 'Decalcification inner table']","output":"Decalcification inner table"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following antihypeensive drug is contraindicated in pregnancy","input":"Choices: ['Amlodipine', 'Labetolol', 'Enalapril', 'Hydralizine']","output":"Enalapril"} +{"instruction":"Treatment of pseudopancreatic cyst is -","input":"Choices: ['Percutaneous drainage', 'Pancreatectomy', 'Internal drainage (surgical)', 'All of the above']","output":"All of the above"} +{"instruction":"In hyperparathyroidism all are seen except:","input":"Choices: ['Osteopetrosis', 'Osteoporosis', 'Cysts', 'Brown tumor']","output":"Osteopetrosis"} +{"instruction":"A person taking an oral sulfonamide is found to have a markedly decreased peripheral blood neutrophil count, but the numbers of platelets and erythrocytes are normal. If the peripheral neutropenia is the result of antineutrophil antibodies being produced in response to taking the sulfonamide, then this patient would be expected to have","input":"Choices: ['An atrophic spleen', 'Decreased vitamin B12 levels', 'Hypoplasia of the bone marrow myeloid series', 'Hyperplasia of the bone marrow myeloid series']","output":"Hyperplasia of the bone marrow myeloid series"} +{"instruction":"ova form in stool is not diagnostic in","input":"Choices: ['strongyloides', 'ancylostoma', 'ascaris lumbricoides', 'nector americanus']","output":"strongyloides"} +{"instruction":"Antibody associated with cold antibody immunohemolytic anemia is:","input":"Choices: ['IgA', 'IgE', 'IgG', 'IgM']","output":"IgM"} +{"instruction":"A 40-year-old woman with inflammatory bowel disease has been receiving TPN for over 3 weeks. Workup reveals pelvic abscess. She undergoes exploratory laparotomy, resection of small bowel with anastomosis, and drainage of pelvic abscess. During surgery, TPN is maintained at the original rate of 125 mL\/h. In the recovery room, the patient is found to have a urine output of 200 mL\/h. CVP is 1, and laboratory results are Na,149;K,3.5;Cl,110;HCO3,18; BUN, 40; and creatinine, 1 mg\/dL. Which of the following statements is true regarding this condition?","input":"Choices: [\"The patient's urine output is secondary to fluid overload during surgery.\", 'The patient is in high-output renal failure.', 'Hyperosmolar-nonketotic coma will develop if the condition is not aggressively treated.', 'Diuresis is a normal response to stress of surgery.']","output":"Hyperosmolar-nonketotic coma will develop if the condition is not aggressively treated."} +{"instruction":"Desired parameter for control of HT -","input":"Choices: ['Cholesterol\/HDL < 3.5', 'HDL \/ cholesterol ration < 3.5', 'LDL \/ cholesterol > 10 mg%', 'HDL < 30 mg%']","output":"Cholesterol\/HDL < 3.5"} +{"instruction":"The major advantage of volume control ventilation:-","input":"Choices: ['Constant tidal volume', 'Variable minute ventilation', 'Patient comfo more', 'All of the above']","output":"Constant tidal volume"} +{"instruction":"\"Target lesions\" are characteristics of:","input":"Choices: ['Dermatitis herpetiformis', 'Sulpha drug reaction', 'Lichen planus', 'Erythema multiforme']","output":"Erythema multiforme"} +{"instruction":"Superficial inguinal lymph node drains A\/E:","input":"Choices: ['Toes & finger', 'Perineum', 'Gluteal region', 'Anterior abdominal wall below umbilicus']","output":"Toes & finger"} +{"instruction":"All are present in dense granules of platelets except","input":"Choices: ['ADP', 'VWF', 'Calcium', 'Serotonin']","output":"VWF"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following belongs to NaSSA group of drugs?","input":"Choices: ['Amoxetine', 'Mirtazapine', 'Duloxetine', 'Venalafaxine']","output":"Mirtazapine"} +{"instruction":"Loop diuretics such as furosemide act by :","input":"Choices: ['Decreasing tubular reabsorption of Na+ and increase GFR', 'Decreasing FP secretion with resultant increase in Na+ and K+excretion', 'Inhibiting Na+ + K+ – 2Cl– co transporter in the medullary thick ascending limb', 'Inhibiting Na+ – K+exchange in the collecting duct']","output":"Inhibiting Na+ + K+ – 2Cl– co transporter in the medullary thick ascending limb"} +{"instruction":"True about juvenile mycoclonic epilepsy -a) Focal seizureb) Generalised seizurec) Myoclonusd) Responses to Sodium Valproatee) Spike and waves in EEG","input":"Choices: ['abcd', 'bcde', 'abde', 'acde']","output":"bcde"} +{"instruction":"True about Henoch-schonlein pupura -","input":"Choices: ['Palpable pupura', 'Thrombocytopenia', 'C-ANCA positive', 'All']","output":"Palpable pupura"} +{"instruction":"Increased 5 Hydroxy-Indole-acetic acid in urine is seen in:","input":"Choices: ['Pheochromocytoma', 'Ogilvie syndrome', 'Carcinoid syndrome', 'Tumor lysis syndrome']","output":"Carcinoid syndrome"} +{"instruction":"Wood&;s Lamp is used in","input":"Choices: ['Tinea pedis', 'Pityriasis versicolor', 'Sporotrichosis', 'None of above']","output":"Pityriasis versicolor"} +{"instruction":"Giant papillary conjunctivitis is seen","input":"Choices: ['Trachoma', 'Contact lens', 'Phlytenular conjunctivitis', 'Vernal kerato conjunctivitis']","output":"Contact lens"} +{"instruction":"Extra capsular extraction of lens is not possible in:","input":"Choices: ['Hypermature cataract', 'B Immature cataract', 'Lens subluxation', 'Developmental cataract']","output":"Lens subluxation"} +{"instruction":"Flare response in triple response occurs due to","input":"Choices: ['Vasodilation due to release of secondary mediators', 'Chemotaxis, adhesion of leucocytes to vessel wall', 'Direct vessel injury', 'Increased permeability']","output":"Vasodilation due to release of secondary mediators"} +{"instruction":"Treatment of choice for SIADH is?","input":"Choices: ['Lithium carbonate', 'Demeclocycline', 'Vasopressin', 'Hypeonic Saline']","output":"Demeclocycline"} +{"instruction":"C. diphtheriae is also called as:","input":"Choices: ['Pfeffiers bacilli', 'Whitmore bacilli', 'Robert Koch bacilli', \"Kleb-Loeffler's bacilli\"]","output":"Kleb-Loeffler's bacilli"} +{"instruction":"\"Chasing the dragon\" phenomena occurs with","input":"Choices: ['Opioids', 'LSD', 'Cocaine', 'Amphetamine']","output":"Opioids"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is the most characteristic feature of ARDS","input":"Choices: ['Diffuse alveolar damage', 'Hypoxemia and hypoxia', 'Surfactant deficiency', 'Hypocapnia']","output":"Diffuse alveolar damage"} +{"instruction":"Excessive eating of non-nutritive substances is called-","input":"Choices: ['PICA', 'Anorexia nervosa', 'Prune belly disease', 'Dyslexia']","output":"PICA"} +{"instruction":"A 4-year-old child is observed to hold his eyelids open with his fingers and to close one eye periodically, especially in the evening. He has some trouble swallowing his food. He usually appears sad, although he laughs often enough. He can throw a ball, and he runs well. Which of the following is likely to result in the diagnosis?","input":"Choices: ['Muscle biopsy', 'Creatine phosphokinase (CPK)', 'Effect of a test dose of endrophonium', 'Chest x-ray']","output":"Effect of a test dose of endrophonium"} +{"instruction":"Mature defence mechanism is ?","input":"Choices: ['Sublimation', 'Denial', 'Projection', 'Distoion']","output":"Sublimation"} +{"instruction":"Maturation index during pregnancy:","input":"Choices: ['0, 40, 50', '50, 40, 0', '0, 0, 100', '0, 95, 5']","output":"0, 95, 5"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following binds to viral envelope glycoprotein preventing the conformational changes required for the fusion of viral and cellular membranes?","input":"Choices: ['Abacavir', 'Indinavir', 'Enfuviide', 'Oseltamivir']","output":"Enfuviide"} +{"instruction":"Nerve supply of muscle of palate is\/are","input":"Choices: ['Glossopharyngeal nerve', 'Vagus nerve', 'Trigeminal nerve', 'Greater palatine nerve']","output":"Glossopharyngeal nerve"} +{"instruction":"One of the following in adult female genital tract is not affected by gonococcal infections :","input":"Choices: ['Vulva', 'Vagina', 'Cervix', 'Fallopian tube']","output":"Vagina"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following drugs is used for Narcoanalysis?","input":"Choices: ['Atropine', 'Phenobarbitone', 'Scopolamine', 'Pethidine']","output":"Scopolamine"} +{"instruction":"A pt with an Hb of 6, WBC count of 2000, has a normal Different count except for having 6% blasts; platelets are reduced to 80,000; moderate splenomegaly is present; possible diagnosis is:","input":"Choices: ['Leukemia', 'Aplastic anemia', 'Hemolysis', 'ITP']","output":"Leukemia"} +{"instruction":"All the following are obligate anaerobes except?","input":"Choices: ['Actinomycetes', 'Bacteriodes', 'Clostridium', 'Pseudomonas']","output":"Pseudomonas"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is false regarding nitric oxide?","input":"Choices: ['Derived from endothelium', 'Acts by increasing cAMP levels', 'Vasodilator', 'Derived from arginine']","output":"Acts by increasing cAMP levels"} +{"instruction":"Agent responsible for increasing factor VIII activity in haemophilia is","input":"Choices: ['a)\\tEpsilon amino caproic acid', 'b)\\tTranexamic acid', 'c)\\tAvitene', 'd)\\tDeamino D Arginine vasopressin']","output":"d)\tDeamino D Arginine vasopressin"} +{"instruction":"Alpha chain disease is detected by -","input":"Choices: ['M component in serum', 'Jejunal biopsy', 'Light chain in lumen of jejunum', 'All of the above']","output":"Jejunal biopsy"} +{"instruction":"Brachial cyst is lined by:-","input":"Choices: ['Columnar epithelium', 'Cuboidal epithelium', 'Squamous epithelium', 'Ciliated columnar epithelium']","output":"Squamous epithelium"} +{"instruction":"Hand and foot syndrome is caused by which anticancer drug","input":"Choices: ['Chloramphenicol', 'Cyclophosphamide', 'Mitomycin - C', 'Capecitabine']","output":"Capecitabine"} +{"instruction":"The site of lesion in Korsakoff&;s psychosis is -","input":"Choices: ['Frontal lobe', 'Corpus striatum', 'Hippocampus', 'Cingulate gyrus']","output":"Hippocampus"} +{"instruction":"In flap method of amputation which structure is kept shoer than the level of amputation:","input":"Choices: ['Bone', 'Muscles', 'Nerves', 'Skin']","output":"Bone"} +{"instruction":"Nutrient agar heated at 80degC used for -","input":"Choices: ['Spore germination', 'To grow mesophilic bacteria', 'To grow thermophilic bacteria', 'For Clostridium isolation']","output":"Spore germination"} +{"instruction":"Lassa fever virus belongs to family","input":"Choices: ['Arenaviridae', 'Bunyaviridae', 'Flaviviridae', 'Reoviridae']","output":"Arenaviridae"} +{"instruction":"Halo test is used to diagnose:","input":"Choices: ['CSF rhinorrhoea', 'Sinusitis', \"Buerger's disease\", 'None of the above']","output":"CSF rhinorrhoea"} +{"instruction":"Nonprogressive contraction of esophagus are:","input":"Choices: ['Primary', 'Secondary', 'Tertiary', 'Quaternary']","output":"Tertiary"} +{"instruction":"The number of branches of the internal carotid artery in the neck is:","input":"Choices: ['None', 'One', 'Two', 'Four']","output":"None"} +{"instruction":"RBBB with left Axis eviation is characteristic of","input":"Choices: ['Ostium Primum ASD', 'Mitral valve prolapse', 'Patent Ductus Arteriosus', 'Ventricular Septal Defect']","output":"Ostium Primum ASD"} +{"instruction":"A 5 year old child with hepatomegaly, hypoglycemia, and growth failure is admitted in the hospital for fuher evaluations. These signs are pathognomonic of:","input":"Choices: ['DM', 'Glycogen storage disease', 'Lipid disorder', 'All of the above']","output":"Glycogen storage disease"} +{"instruction":"Chloroquine is given as 600 mg loading dose because :","input":"Choices: ['It is rapidly absorbed', 'It is rapidly metabolized', 'It has increased tissue binding', 'It is rapidly eliminated']","output":"It has increased tissue binding"} +{"instruction":"Most common risk factor for breech presentation is:","input":"Choices: ['Prematurity', 'Post-maturity', 'DM', 'Osteomalacia']","output":"Prematurity"} +{"instruction":"Latanoprost used topically in glaucoma primarily acts by","input":"Choices: ['Decreasing aqueous humor forma on', 'Increasing uveo scleral outflow', 'Releasing papillary block', 'Increasing trabecular outflow']","output":"Increasing uveo scleral outflow"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is 100 times more potent than morphine?","input":"Choices: ['Pethidine', 'Fentanyl', 'Pentazocin', 'Meperidine']","output":"Fentanyl"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is a radioactive substance?","input":"Choices: ['Bromide', 'P32', 'C13', 'I127']","output":"P32"} +{"instruction":"Mobile medical care constitutes all except","input":"Choices: ['Primary health care', 'Secondary health care', 'Teiary health care', 'Near home based']","output":"Teiary health care"} +{"instruction":"Prerenal and renal azotemia is differentiated on the basis of:","input":"Choices: ['Creatinine clearance', 'Serum creatinine level', 'Sodium fraction excretion', 'Urine bicarbonate level']","output":"Sodium fraction excretion"} +{"instruction":"Irreversible injury in myocardium occurs at ?","input":"Choices: ['2 minutes', '30 minutes', '2 hours', '5 hours']","output":"30 minutes"} +{"instruction":"Hyperprolactinemia is a side effect of","input":"Choices: ['Bromocriptine', 'Levodopa', 'Amantadine', 'Metoclopramide']","output":"Metoclopramide"} +{"instruction":"Fibroid with a typical \"Lantern on top of St Paul's cathedral\" appearance is","input":"Choices: ['Submucosal fibroid', 'subserosal fibroid', 'Cervical fibroid', 'Interstitial fibroid']","output":"Cervical fibroid"} +{"instruction":"Drug of choice in motion sickness:","input":"Choices: ['Hyoscine', 'Domperidone', 'Promethazine', 'Metaclopromide']","output":"Hyoscine"} +{"instruction":"Single Drug regimen for Carcinoma Esophagus which shows tumor size decrease of around 15-20% is:","input":"Choices: ['Bleomycin', 'Cisplatin', 'Docorubicin', 'Vincristine']","output":"Cisplatin"} +{"instruction":"Massage in which triangle of neck is of diagnostic and therapeutic value in arrhythmias?","input":"Choices: ['Occipital triangle', 'Carotid triangle', 'Diagastric triangle', 'Muscular triangle']","output":"Carotid triangle"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following drugs act against Pseudomonas?","input":"Choices: ['Nafcillin', 'Cloxacillin', 'Methicillin', 'Piperacillin']","output":"Piperacillin"} +{"instruction":"All are seen in multiple myeloma EXCEPT:","input":"Choices: ['Visual disturbance', 'Bleeding tendency', 'Proteinuria', 'Dystrophic calcification']","output":"Dystrophic calcification"} +{"instruction":"The most common glomerulonephritis is......","input":"Choices: ['Membranous GN', 'IgA nephropathy', 'PSGN', 'RPGN']","output":"IgA nephropathy"} +{"instruction":"Odorant molecule binds to which receptors?","input":"Choices: ['C AMP', 'G protein coupled membrane receptors', 'JAK kinase pathway', 'NF receptors']","output":"G protein coupled membrane receptors"} +{"instruction":"Definitive treatment for a case of severe pre eclampsia is -","input":"Choices: ['MgSO4', 'Delivery of baby', 'Antihypertensive drugs', 'Rest']","output":"Delivery of baby"} +{"instruction":"Simplest investigation to be performed for suspected cancer stomach:","input":"Choices: ['Double contrast radiography', 'Plain X ray', 'CT scan', 'Endoscopy']","output":"Double contrast radiography"} +{"instruction":"Most common staphylococcal phage strain causing hospital infection -","input":"Choices: ['80\/81', '79\/80', '3A\/3C', '69\/70']","output":"80\/81"} +{"instruction":"Which is not a feature of Netherton Syndrome?","input":"Choices: ['Autosomal dominant', 'Ichthyosis', 'Very short hair', 'Erythroderma']","output":"Autosomal dominant"} +{"instruction":"In Valvular Aortic Stenosis poorest prognosis in indicated when -","input":"Choices: ['Angina occurs', 'Syncope occurs', 'Dyspnea occurs', 'Palpitation occurs']","output":"Dyspnea occurs"} +{"instruction":"LBW is birth wt below-","input":"Choices: ['1.5 kg', '2.5 kg', '3.0 kg', '3.5 kg']","output":"2.5 kg"} +{"instruction":"Rubor is inflammation due to:","input":"Choices: ['Decreased tissue oncotic pressure', 'Decreased oncotic pressure in arterioles', 'Constriction of the capillaries', 'Dilatation of the arterioles']","output":"Dilatation of the arterioles"} +{"instruction":"A patient presents with acute gastroenteritis in a dehydrated state. Which of the following conditions is highly suggestive of pre-renal renal failure?","input":"Choices: ['Urinary sodium > 40 m mol; Urine osmolality <350m osm\/L', 'Urinary sodium > 40 m mol; Urine osmolality > 500m osm\/L', 'Urinary sodium < 20 m mol; Urine osmolality > 500m osm\/L', 'Urinary sodium < 20 m mol; Urine osmolality < 350m osm\/L']","output":"Urinary sodium < 20 m mol; Urine osmolality > 500m osm\/L"} +{"instruction":"To test the association between risk factor and disease, which of the following is the weakest study design -","input":"Choices: ['Case-control study', 'Ecological study', 'Cohort study', 'Cross-sectional study']","output":"Ecological study"} +{"instruction":"Cardiac output is decreased by?","input":"Choices: ['Increased Heart rate', 'Decreased Heart rate', 'Increased Stroke Volume', 'None']","output":"Decreased Heart rate"} +{"instruction":"Best method of detection of retained glass intraocular foreign body is","input":"Choices: ['Radiography', 'Usg', 'Tonometry', 'CT scan']","output":"CT scan"} +{"instruction":"Hypophosphatemia is a caused by","input":"Choices: ['Primary hypothyroidism', 'Primary hyperparathyroidism', 'Primary hyperthyroidism', 'Hypoparathyroidism']","output":"Primary hyperparathyroidism"} +{"instruction":"Drug induced lupus can be identified by:","input":"Choices: ['Anti-histone antibodies', 'Double stranded DNA antibodies', 'Antinuclear antibodies', 'Anti-SM antibodies']","output":"Anti-histone antibodies"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following drugs is used for the prophylaxis of migraine but not for agina pectoris","input":"Choices: ['Verapamil', 'Diltiazem', 'Flunarizine', 'Amlodipine']","output":"Flunarizine"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following conditions can produce hemathorax?","input":"Choices: ['Myxoma', 'Congestive heart failure', 'Rheumatoid arthritis', 'Uremia']","output":"Uremia"} +{"instruction":"Which among the following is not a cause for cyanosis?","input":"Choices: ['Methemoglobin', 'Sulfhemoglobin', 'Cirrhosis', 'Carboxyhemoglobin']","output":"Carboxyhemoglobin"} +{"instruction":"Complement C1 is produced by","input":"Choices: ['Macrophages', 'Liver', 'Intestinal epithelium', 'Spleen']","output":"Intestinal epithelium"} +{"instruction":"Head and neck burns in infant constitute _____________of burns: Kerala 08","input":"Choices: ['9', '18', '24', '36']","output":"18"} +{"instruction":"An hour sweat rate should be MCARDLE's maximum allowable sweat rate –","input":"Choices: ['3.5 litres', '21 litres', '2.5 litres', '4.5 litres']","output":"4.5 litres"} +{"instruction":"The syndrome of inappropriate and antidiuretic hormone is characterized by the following -","input":"Choices: ['Hyponatremia and urine sodium excretion > 20 meq\/I', 'Hypernatremia and urine sodium excretion > 20 meq\/I', 'Hyponatremia and hyperkalemia', 'Hypernatremia and hypokalemia']","output":"Hyponatremia and urine sodium excretion > 20 meq\/I"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is an etiological factor in Mirizzi's syndrome?","input":"Choices: ['Gall bladder stone compressing common hepatic duct', 'Gall bladder carcinoma invading IVC', 'Gall bladder stone causing cholecystitis', 'Pancreatic carcinoma']","output":"Gall bladder stone compressing common hepatic duct"} +{"instruction":"The most earliest sign of anterior uveitis is:","input":"Choices: ['Aqueous flare', 'Keratic precipitates', 'Constriction of pupil', 'Raised intraocular pressure']","output":"Aqueous flare"} +{"instruction":"All of the following are therapeutic effect for which cannabinoids are commonly used except?","input":"Choices: ['Decreased intraocular pressure', 'Reduced muscle spasticity', 'Relief of nausea and vomiting', 'Weight loss']","output":"Weight loss"} +{"instruction":"What is the treatment of after cataract?","input":"Choices: ['Surgical', 'Laser', 'Medical', 'None of these']","output":"Laser"} +{"instruction":"Which virus families have double-stranded DNA in four different isomers?","input":"Choices: ['Poxviruses', 'Herpesviruses', 'Rabiesviruses', 'Ohomyxoviruses']","output":"Herpesviruses"} +{"instruction":"Sphincter of Oddi consists of:","input":"Choices: ['2 sphincters', '3 sphincters', '4 sphincters', '5 sphincters']","output":"3 sphincters"} +{"instruction":"The prognosis for squamous carcinoma of the floor of the mouth is adversely affected by which of the following?Composite resection specimen of a T4 floor of mouth squamous cell carcinoma","input":"Choices: ['Poor differentiation of tumor', 'Nonverrucous carcinoma', 'Presence on left side', 'No tongue involvement']","output":"Poor differentiation of tumor"} +{"instruction":"In Barter's Syndrome, what is seen-","input":"Choices: ['Metabolic acidosis', 'Hypokalemia', 'Hyperkalemia', 'Decrease in urinary calcium']","output":"Hypokalemia"} +{"instruction":"Which manoeuvre is being shown below?","input":"Choices: [\"Wood's maneuver\", 'Burns marshall maneuver', 'Ritgen maneuver', 'Zavanelli maneuver']","output":"Ritgen maneuver"} +{"instruction":"In dacryocystorhinostomy operation the communication of the sac is established with:","input":"Choices: ['Middle meatus', 'Superior meatus', 'Inferior meatus', 'All of the above']","output":"Middle meatus"} +{"instruction":"Which is the only local anaesthesia which raises the BP:","input":"Choices: ['Lignocaine', 'Cocaine', 'Prilocaine', 'Lidocaine']","output":"Cocaine"} +{"instruction":"Increased motivation by teacher have been found to increase marks of students in examination. This bias is called:-","input":"Choices: ['Berksonian bias', 'Pygmalion bias', 'Hawthorne bias', 'Motivational bias']","output":"Pygmalion bias"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following chemical is responsible for the skin condition given below:","input":"Choices: ['MBEH', 'PTBP', 'PTTP', 'Hydroquinone']","output":"MBEH"} +{"instruction":"Enzyme responsible for the complete oxidation of glucose to CO2 to water is present in","input":"Choices: ['Cytosol', 'Mitochondria', 'Lysosomes', 'Endoplasmic reticulum']","output":"Mitochondria"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is associated with highest risk of HIV transmission?","input":"Choices: ['Blood transfusion', 'Disposable needle prick', 'Sexual transmission', 'Mother to baby']","output":"Blood transfusion"} +{"instruction":"The disease which is impoed into a country in which it does not occur is known as","input":"Choices: ['Exotic', 'Sporadic', 'Pandemic', 'Enzootic']","output":"Exotic"} +{"instruction":"All statements are true regarding skin except","input":"Choices: ['Skin is stratified squamous epithelium', 'Melanocyte & merkel cells are immigrant cells', 'Keratin filaments are a hall mark of epidermal cells', 'Keratinization process cause hydration of cells']","output":"Keratinization process cause hydration of cells"} +{"instruction":"All are true about Meissner's corpuscles except","input":"Choices: ['It is the most sensitive tactile receptors in the hand', 'It is rapidly adapting tactile receptors', 'It is located in dermal papillae', 'It helps in detection of pressure sensation']","output":"It helps in detection of pressure sensation"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following makes up the extracellular fluid?","input":"Choices: ['Interstitial fluid', 'Blood plasma', 'Both of the above', 'None of the above']","output":"Both of the above"} +{"instruction":"CSF is principally secreted by ?","input":"Choices: ['Choroid plexus', 'Arachnoid granulation', 'Floor of fouh ventricle', 'Periaqueductal grey']","output":"Choroid plexus"} +{"instruction":"Contraindications to major hepatic resection for metastatic disease include all of the following except-","input":"Choices: ['Total hepatic involvement', 'Advanced cirrhosis', 'Extrahepatic tumor involvement', 'Jaundice from extrinsic ductal obstruction']","output":"Jaundice from extrinsic ductal obstruction"} +{"instruction":"Pathogenesis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by macrophage is mainly mediated by -","input":"Choices: ['IL-6', 'IFN-12', 'IFN gamma', 'IL-3']","output":"IFN gamma"} +{"instruction":"Most common site affected by psoriasis is?","input":"Choices: ['Flexor surface', 'Extensor surface', 'Palms and soles', 'Oral mucosa']","output":"Extensor surface"} +{"instruction":"Gluten sensitivity is associated with?","input":"Choices: ['Celiac disease', 'Tropicalsprue', 'Ulcerative colitis', 'Irritable bowel syndrome']","output":"Celiac disease"} +{"instruction":"Nerve injury classification was given by all, except?","input":"Choices: ['Seddon H', 'Sunderland', 'Samii', 'Schmidt']","output":"Schmidt"} +{"instruction":"In which of the following transition meiosis occurs","input":"Choices: ['Primary to secondary spermatocyte', 'Second spermatocyte to globular spermatid', 'Germ cells to spermatogonium', 'Spermatogonium to primary spermatocyte']","output":"Primary to secondary spermatocyte"} +{"instruction":"Not a feature of dementia","input":"Choices: ['Forgetfulness', 'Loss of neurons in brain', 'Loss of sensorium', 'Wearing diy clothes']","output":"Loss of sensorium"} +{"instruction":"Most common cause of renal tumor in adult is?","input":"Choices: ['Family history', 'Smoking', 'Obesity', 'Hypeension']","output":"Smoking"} +{"instruction":"The characteristic change in EEG as shown below is found in","input":"Choices: ['Prion disease', 'Epilepsy', 'SSPE', 'Herpes']","output":"SSPE"} +{"instruction":"Consider the following in a newborn:1, Hea rate of 1102. Slow and Irregular respiratory effo3. Flaccid muscle tone4. No reflex irritability5. Blue colorWhat is the Apgar score in this case?","input":"Choices: ['1', '3', '5', '7']","output":"3"} +{"instruction":"Beta oxalo amino alanine is the toxin responsible for manifestation of:-","input":"Choices: ['Epidemic dropsy', 'Staphylococcal food poisoning', 'Lathyrism', 'Endemic Ascites']","output":"Lathyrism"} +{"instruction":"All of the following changes are seen in chronic starvation except: September 2009","input":"Choices: ['All fat stores have been used up', 'Severe fat and muscle wasting', 'Brain uses ketoacids as fuel', 'Level of serum proteins less than 2.8 g\/dL']","output":"Level of serum proteins less than 2.8 g\/dL"} +{"instruction":"Investigation of choice for diagnosis of pulmonary embolism?","input":"Choices: ['MRI chest', 'CT scan chest', 'X-ray chest', 'Radioisotope scan']","output":"CT scan chest"} +{"instruction":"A pregnant lady complaints of headache, feeling of excessive tiredness and drowsiness whenever she lies down in supine position. Her symptoms are relieved on sitting up and while lying on her side. What is the most likely diagnosis?","input":"Choices: ['IVC compression', 'Compression on sympathetic chain', 'Raised intra abdominal pressure', 'Decreased blood supply to placenta']","output":"IVC compression"} +{"instruction":"Which is the colour of highest priority in emergency triage:","input":"Choices: ['Red', 'Yellow', 'Black', 'White']","output":"Red"} +{"instruction":"BRA Cl Gene is located on-","input":"Choices: ['Chromosome 13', 'Chromosome 11', 'Chromosome 17', 'Chromosome 22']","output":"Chromosome 17"} +{"instruction":"An 18-year-old female passenger injured in a rollover car crash was rushed to the emergency department. After the patient is stabilized she undergoes physical examination. She demonstrates considerable weakness in her ability to flex her neck, associated with injury to CN XI. Which of the following muscles is most probably affected by nerve trauma?","input":"Choices: ['Iliocostalis thoracis', 'Sternocleidomastoid', 'Rhomboid major', 'Rhomboid minor']","output":"Sternocleidomastoid"} +{"instruction":"Patient become symptom free after surgery in which of the following condition","input":"Choices: ['Diffuse esophageal spasm', 'Achalasia cardia', 'Nut cracker esophagus', 'Jack hammer esophagus']","output":"Achalasia cardia"} +{"instruction":"The deficiency of glucose - 6-phosphate dehydrogenase may cause","input":"Choices: ['Diabetes mellitus', 'Haemolytic anemia', 'Wernicke-Korsakaoff syndrome', 'Porphyria']","output":"Haemolytic anemia"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following groups of protein assist in the folding of other proteins?","input":"Choices: ['Proteases', 'Proteosomes', 'Templates', 'Chaperones']","output":"Chaperones"} +{"instruction":"Best indicator for disease burden?","input":"Choices: ['DALY', 'QALY', 'Sullivan index', 'Disease severity index']","output":"DALY"} +{"instruction":"True statement (s) about sugammadex:","input":"Choices: ['Antisuccinylcholine in action', 'Selectively binds to rocuronium', 'Used along with rocuronium for rapid induction Anesthesia', 'Discovered to reverse the effects of atracurium']","output":"Selectively binds to rocuronium"} +{"instruction":"Maximum number of unusual base pairs are seen in","input":"Choices: ['rRNA', 'tRNA', 'mRNA', 'snRNA']","output":"tRNA"} +{"instruction":"Fibrinoid necrosis is seen in following except -","input":"Choices: ['PAN', 'Diabetes mellitus', 'Malignant hypertension', 'SLE']","output":"Diabetes mellitus"} +{"instruction":"Microcherry appearance is a characteristic of","input":"Choices: ['Haemangioma', 'Erythema multiforme', 'Lichen planus', 'All of the above']","output":"Haemangioma"} +{"instruction":"Mechanism of action of allopurinol is","input":"Choices: ['Xanthine oxidase inhibition', 'Recombinant uricase', 'Increase uric acid excretion', 'Decrease chemotaxis']","output":"Xanthine oxidase inhibition"} +{"instruction":"Causative organism of tropical spastic paraparesis is?","input":"Choices: ['HIV 1', 'HIV 2', 'HBV', 'HTLV']","output":"HTLV"} +{"instruction":"The syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone is characterized by the following :","input":"Choices: ['Hyponatremia and urine sodium excretion > 20 meq\/l', 'Hypernatremia and urine sodium excretion > 20 meq\/l', 'Hyponatremia and hyperkalemia', 'Hypernatremia and hypokalemia']","output":"Hyponatremia and urine sodium excretion > 20 meq\/l"} +{"instruction":"True about Myeloma is all, EXCEPT","input":"Choices: ['Plasma cell clonal proliferation', 'Common after 50 yrs of age', 'Amyloidosis can occur', 'Protein casts in urine are made up of complete Ig chains']","output":"Protein casts in urine are made up of complete Ig chains"} +{"instruction":"Epidemic marker of TB ?","input":"Choices: ['Sputum AFB positivity rate', 'Tuberculin test positivity rate', 'Chest x-ray positivity rate', 'None of the above']","output":"Sputum AFB positivity rate"} +{"instruction":"The congenital rubella syndrome","input":"Choices: ['May be prevented by vaccination in early pregnancy', 'Causes IUGR', 'Cuases cataract', 'Causes deafness only if acquired only if acquired before 16 weeks of gestation']","output":"Causes IUGR"} +{"instruction":"61 year?old man presents to OPD with complaints of persistent, non-productive cough for 1 month. He has no other symptom. He is smoking around 20 biddis per day for last 25 years. Physical examination is normal. What is the line of management in such patients?","input":"Choices: ['Reassurance and advise him to quit smoking', 'Prescribe oral antibiotics for 7 days', 'Do a chest X ray and refer him to smoking cessation clinic', 'Go for a CT thorax to visualise pathology']","output":"Do a chest X ray and refer him to smoking cessation clinic"} +{"instruction":"In all of the following conditions, suicidal at-tempts are more common, Except","input":"Choices: ['Panic attack', 'Severe depression', 'Bipolar disorder', 'Old age']","output":"Panic attack"} +{"instruction":"All are risk factors for preterm delivery except :","input":"Choices: ['Absence of fetal fibronectin at < 37 weeks', 'Previous history of preterm baby', 'Asymptomatic cervical dilatation', 'Chylamydial infection of genital tract']","output":"Absence of fetal fibronectin at < 37 weeks"} +{"instruction":"Lower limit of retropharyngeal space is at ?","input":"Choices: ['C 7', 'Bifurcation of trachea', '4th esophageal constriction', 'None']","output":"Bifurcation of trachea"} +{"instruction":"which muscle of rotator cuff is called forgeten muscle ?","input":"Choices: ['supraspinatus', 'infraspinatus', 'subscapularis', 'teres minor']","output":"subscapularis"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following methods is an example for rigid fixation?","input":"Choices: ['Miniplate osteosynthesis', 'Transosseous wiring', 'Lag screw fixation', 'None of the above']","output":"Lag screw fixation"} +{"instruction":"All of the substances are present in dense granules of platelets, EXCEPT:","input":"Choices: ['Serotonin', 'vWF', 'Calcium', 'ATP']","output":"vWF"} +{"instruction":"Cholinomimetic drugs can be used for the treatment of all the following conditions EXCEPT:","input":"Choices: ['Closed angle Glaucoma', 'Bradycardia', 'Cobra bite', 'Myasthenia gravis']","output":"Bradycardia"} +{"instruction":"Excessive sexual desires in females is known as","input":"Choices: ['Nymphomania', 'Satyriasis', 'Fetishism', 'Frigidity']","output":"Nymphomania"} +{"instruction":"Coenzymes are.........organic compounds","input":"Choices: ['Lipoprotein', 'Proteinaceous', 'Non-protein', 'Any of the above']","output":"Non-protein"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following contains both DNA and RNA?","input":"Choices: ['Plasmids', 'Bacteria', 'Prions', 'Viroids']","output":"Bacteria"} +{"instruction":"According to the ATP III Classification Desired levels of total cholesterol is:","input":"Choices: ['< 250', '<200', '<100', '<40']","output":"<40"} +{"instruction":"Urine analysis of patient suffering from heatstroke reveals:","input":"Choices: ['Isomorphic red cells', 'Red cell casts', 'Hemosiderin', 'Hyaline cast']","output":"Red cell casts"} +{"instruction":"Drug of choice for a child with first episode nephrotic syndrome is?","input":"Choices: ['Cyclophosphamide', 'Prednisolone', 'Mycophenolate', 'Cyclosporine']","output":"Prednisolone"} +{"instruction":"A Child (girl) is suffering from varicella (fever & rash). And child&;s aunt is pregnant.When is it earliest and safe that the child can meet her aunt","input":"Choices: ['When the lesions have crusted', 'Immediately', \"Anytime as the child is aunt 's ourite\", 'After the delivery of the baby']","output":"When the lesions have crusted"} +{"instruction":"Wernicke&;s encephalopathy features are all except","input":"Choices: ['Confusion', 'Ataxia', 'Aphasia', 'Nystagmus']","output":"Aphasia"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following most accurately describes the transmembrane signalling process involved in the steroid hormone action","input":"Choices: ['Action on a membrane spanning tyrosine kinase', 'Action of a G protein which activates or inhibits adenylyl cyclase', 'Diffusion across a membrane and binding to an intracellular receptor', 'Opening of transmembrane Ion channels']","output":"Diffusion across a membrane and binding to an intracellular receptor"} +{"instruction":"The local district magistrate's cou has asked your opinion regarding a paternity dispute. The alleged father is B+ and the mother is AB+. Which of the following groups would not be possible in their offspring?","input":"Choices: ['A', 'AB', 'B', 'O']","output":"O"} +{"instruction":"A 55-year-old lady presenting to OPD with postmenopausal bleeding for 3 months has a 1x1 mm nodule on the anterior lip of cervix, the most appropriate investigation to be done subsequently is","input":"Choices: ['Pap smear', 'Punch biopsy', 'Endocervical curettage.', 'Colposcopy']","output":"Punch biopsy"} +{"instruction":"Commonest complication of Zenker's diveiculum is","input":"Choices: ['Dysphonia', 'Gastroesophageal reflux', 'Lung abscess', 'Perforation']","output":"Lung abscess"} +{"instruction":"When can a severely malnourished child be safely discharged from the hospital ?","input":"Choices: ['The child attains his height for age', 'The child reaches his ideal weight for height', 'The child loses edema and starts gaining weight', 'The child attains weight for his age']","output":"The child loses edema and starts gaining weight"} +{"instruction":"Best way to dispose e-waste is?","input":"Choices: ['Burning', 'Incineration', 'In a landfill', 'Recycling']","output":"Recycling"} +{"instruction":"Duration of latent phase of labour is affected by :a) Early use of conduction anaesthesia and sedation b) Unripe cervixc) Hypertonic uterine contractiond) Pre-eclampsia","input":"Choices: ['ac', 'a', 'ad', 'ab']","output":"ab"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following germ cell tumor of ovary has significant rate of bilateral ovarian involvement","input":"Choices: ['Teratoma', 'Dysgerminoma', 'Endodermal sinus tumor', 'Choriocarcinoma']","output":"Dysgerminoma"} +{"instruction":"1,25 (OH)2 is formed in -","input":"Choices: ['Skin', 'Liver', 'Spleed', 'Kidney']","output":"Kidney"} +{"instruction":"who coind akathisia","input":"Choices: ['bleuler', 'schneider', 'erik erikson', 'haskovek']","output":"haskovek"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is the rate-limiting enzyme in pyrimidine synthesis?","input":"Choices: ['Aspoate transcarbamylase', 'Dihydro-orotase', 'Redvctase', 'UMP kinase']","output":"Aspoate transcarbamylase"} +{"instruction":"Posterior urethral valve are commonly observed in -","input":"Choices: ['Boys', 'Girls', 'Adult males', 'Adult females']","output":"Boys"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is not true about mycophenalate mofetil -","input":"Choices: ['Prodrug of mycophenolic acid', 'Can be used with calcineurin inhibitor and glucocoicoid', 'Cannot be used with Azathioprine', 'Is nephrotoxic']","output":"Is nephrotoxic"} +{"instruction":"Bacillus anthracis is unique to other bacteria. It is the only bacteria to possess which of the following","input":"Choices: ['A polypeptide capsule', 'A polysaccharide capsule', 'An exotoxin', 'An endotoxin']","output":"A polypeptide capsule"} +{"instruction":"Criteria for defining polio epidemic are all except -","input":"Choices: ['2 or more cases', 'Cases should occur in same locality', 'Caused by same virus type', 'Cases occurring during 6 month period']","output":"Cases occurring during 6 month period"} +{"instruction":"All are features of Wernicke encephalopathy except: (E. REPEAT 2010)","input":"Choices: ['Ataxia', 'External ophthalmoplegia', 'Memory loss', 'Tinnitus']","output":"Tinnitus"} +{"instruction":"Ovarian artery is a branch of-","input":"Choices: ['Abdominal aorta', 'Renal artery', 'Superior mesenteric artery', 'Celiac trunk']","output":"Abdominal aorta"} +{"instruction":"A morbid patient unlikely to survive 24 hours with or\nwithout surgery is classified as","input":"Choices: ['ASA I', 'ASA III', 'ASA V', 'ASA VI']","output":"ASA V"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is not an intralobular duct:","input":"Choices: ['Intercalated ducts.', 'Striated ducts.', 'Excretory ducts.', 'All of the above']","output":"Excretory ducts."} +{"instruction":"Interstitial nephritis is common with?","input":"Choices: ['NSAID', 'Blackwater fever', 'Rhabdomyolysis', 'Tumor lysis syndrome']","output":"NSAID"} +{"instruction":"M\/c cause of B\/L cornual block seen on HSG:","input":"Choices: ['TB', 'Endometriosis', 'Physiological spasm', 'PID']","output":"Physiological spasm"} +{"instruction":"The fascia of Denonvilliers -","input":"Choices: ['Membranous layer of fascia of the thigh', 'Perirenal fascia', 'Fascia between the rectal ampulla and the prostate and the seminal vesicles', 'Posterior layer of perirenal fascia']","output":"Fascia between the rectal ampulla and the prostate and the seminal vesicles"} +{"instruction":"Bishop score is used to evaluate:","input":"Choices: ['Cervix status', 'Uterine contraction', 'Fetal well being', 'Pelvic assessment']","output":"Cervix status"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following can be given orally?","input":"Choices: ['Cytosine arabinoside', 'Cisplatin', 'Doxorubicin', 'Mesna']","output":"Mesna"} +{"instruction":"Tattooing in entry wound of a firearm injury is due to:","input":"Choices: ['Burns', 'Smoke', 'Gunpowder', 'Wads']","output":"Gunpowder"} +{"instruction":"JAK -2 mutations is seen in","input":"Choices: ['I.T.P', 'Polycythemia Vera', 'C.M.L', 'C.M.M.L']","output":"Polycythemia Vera"} +{"instruction":"A child was diagnosed with cystic fibrosis and was prescribed an inhaled agent to dissolve mucus plugging the airways. This agent is also used as an antidote to reverse the toxicity of wof drugs?","input":"Choices: ['Aspirin', 'Acetaminophen', 'Heparin', 'Steptokinase']","output":"Acetaminophen"} +{"instruction":"Before radiotherapy tooth is removed prophylactically in order to avoid:","input":"Choices: ['Radiation caries.', 'Radiation pulpitis.', 'Osteoradionecrosis.', 'All of the above.']","output":"All of the above."} +{"instruction":"Pertusis affects which age –","input":"Choices: ['2–3', '<5', '5–7', '> 10 years']","output":"<5"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is least affected by anesthesia","input":"Choices: ['Brainstem Auditory Evoked Response (BAER)', 'Visual Evoked Response (VER)', 'Somatosensory Evoked potential (SSEP)', 'Electroencephalogram [EEG)']","output":"Brainstem Auditory Evoked Response (BAER)"} +{"instruction":"\"Trotter triad\" is seen in","input":"Choices: ['Nasopharynx', 'Hypopharynx', 'Hypo larynx', 'All of the above']","output":"Nasopharynx"} +{"instruction":"Carboprost, used for 2' trimester aboion, is analogue of ?","input":"Choices: ['PGE2', 'PGF2a', 'PGI2', 'PGD2']","output":"PGF2a"} +{"instruction":"Highest mean and lowest mode indicates:","input":"Choices: ['Positive skewing', 'Negative skewing', 'Normal', 'Symmetrical']","output":"Positive skewing"} +{"instruction":"All are true about CTEV EXCEPT:","input":"Choices: ['Talus is only bone involved', 'Posterior & medial tendons are involved', 'Tibialis posterior acts like a guy rope', 'Inversion & equinus is seen']","output":"Talus is only bone involved"} +{"instruction":"Parasympathetic stimulation of nerves innervating the islets of the pancreas will:","input":"Choices: ['Have no effect', 'Increase secretion of insulin from B cells', 'Decrease secretion of insulin from B cells', 'Increase secretion of glucagon from B cells']","output":"Increase secretion of insulin from B cells"} +{"instruction":"Karyotyping is done in which phase of cell cycle?","input":"Choices: ['Anaphase', 'Metaphase', 'Telophase', 'S phase']","output":"Metaphase"} +{"instruction":"Immunomodulator which is used for genital was is:","input":"Choices: ['A Podophyllum', 'Imiquimod', 'Predrisolone', 'IFN']","output":"Imiquimod"} +{"instruction":"Cause of acute mesenteric ischemia is-","input":"Choices: ['Embolus', 'Vasospasm', 'Thrombosis', 'Venous thrombosis']","output":"Embolus"} +{"instruction":"Two weeks after an injury to his right eye, a boy presents with bilateral pain and redness, most probable diagnosis is :","input":"Choices: ['Sympathetic opthalmitis', 'Endopthalmitis', 'Optic neuritis', 'Glaucoma']","output":"Sympathetic opthalmitis"} +{"instruction":"The posterior relation of epiploic foramen is?","input":"Choices: ['Hepatic aery', 'Inferior vena cava', 'Common bile duct', 'Poal vein']","output":"Inferior vena cava"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is used for medical adrenalectomy?","input":"Choices: ['Mitotane', 'Methotrerate', 'Doxorubicin', '5-Fluorouracil']","output":"Mitotane"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is not consider to be a slow viruse diseases -","input":"Choices: ['Kuru', 'Scrapie', 'Creutzfeldt Jakob disease', 'Sarcoidosis']","output":"Sarcoidosis"} +{"instruction":"First pit and fissure sealant:","input":"Choices: ['Novaseal', 'Newseal.', 'Selfseal', 'Highseal']","output":"Novaseal"} +{"instruction":"Obesity is associated with all except","input":"Choices: ['Growth hormone deficiency', 'Thyroid hormone deficiency', 'Diabetes mellitus', 'Oestrogen deficiency']","output":"Oestrogen deficiency"} +{"instruction":"A farmer with long history depression on antidepressants, consumed unknown substance and presented with bradycardia, hypersalivation, small pupils. What is the most probable diagnosis?","input":"Choices: ['OP poisoning', 'Atropine', 'TCA', 'Paracetamol poisoning']","output":"OP poisoning"} +{"instruction":"Comparison of efficacy of a new drug B with an existing drug A is done in which phase of clinical trials ?","input":"Choices: ['Phase I', 'Phase II', 'Phase III', 'Phase IV']","output":"Phase III"} +{"instruction":"Metronidazole is the drug of choice for","input":"Choices: ['All periodontal disease', 'ANUG', 'Juvenile periodontitis', 'Herpes simplex']","output":"ANUG"} +{"instruction":"A 36-year-old woman with pneumococcal pneumonia develops a right pleural effusion. The pleural fluid displays a high specific gravity and contains large numbers of polymorphonuclear (PMN) leukocytes. Which of the following best characterizes this pleural effusion?","input":"Choices: ['Fibrinous exudate', 'Lymphedema', 'Purulent exudate', 'Serosanguineous exudate']","output":"Purulent exudate"} +{"instruction":"All of the following are true about bulimia except","input":"Choices: ['Normal menstruation', 'Markedly reduced body weight', 'Binge eating', 'Body image disturbance']","output":"Markedly reduced body weight"} +{"instruction":"Which vaccine to be given every year ?","input":"Choices: ['Hepatitis A', 'Pneumococcal', 'Influenza', 'Chicken pox']","output":"Influenza"} +{"instruction":"A Gridiron incision becomes a Rutherford Morison's incision is extended by -","input":"Choices: ['Splitting the muscles laterally', 'Cutting the muscles laterally', 'Cutting the muscles medially into the rectus sheath', 'Incising vertically along the rectus muscle']","output":"Cutting the muscles laterally"} +{"instruction":"True about secretin is:","input":"Choices: ['Increased gallbladder contraction and HCO3 rich pancreatic fluid', 'Increased gastrin secretion', 'Gastric hypermotility', 'Increase enzyme rich pancreatic fluid']","output":"Increased gallbladder contraction and HCO3 rich pancreatic fluid"} +{"instruction":"Dying declaration comes under the following IPC section:","input":"Choices: ['Section 33 IEA', 'Section 32 IEA', 'Section 60 IEA', '291 CrPC']","output":"Section 32 IEA"} +{"instruction":"Disinfecting action of chlorine is due to ?","input":"Choices: ['Hypochlorous acid', 'Hypochlorite ion', 'Hydrochloric acid', 'Both Hypochlorous acid and Hypochlorite ion']","output":"Both Hypochlorous acid and Hypochlorite ion"} +{"instruction":"In amyloidosis of tongue, the amyloid is deposited primarily in the","input":"Choices: ['Stromal conncective tissue', 'Cells of the surface epithelium', 'Nuclei of the striated muscle cells', 'Cytoplasm of the striated muscle cells']","output":"Stromal conncective tissue"} +{"instruction":"This ahropod transmits","input":"Choices: ['T. brucei', 'T. cruzi', 'Leishmania donovani', 'Plasmodium vivax']","output":"Leishmania donovani"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following helps in wound healing?","input":"Choices: ['Keratan sulfate', 'Dermatan sulfate', 'Hyaluronic acid', 'Chondroitin sulfate']","output":"Hyaluronic acid"} +{"instruction":"A child plays a simple ball game at","input":"Choices: ['52 weeks', '36 weeks', '12 weeks', '44 weeks']","output":"52 weeks"} +{"instruction":"Genital swellings in male differentiate into ?","input":"Choices: ['Glans penis', 'Penile urethra', 'Ischiovcavernosus of penis', 'Scrotum']","output":"Scrotum"} +{"instruction":"A patient with schizophrenia is convinced that she has caused a recent eahquake because she was bored and wishing for something exciting to occur. Which of the following symptoms describes this patient's thoughts?","input":"Choices: ['Thought broadcasting', 'Magical thinking', 'Echolalia', 'Nihilism']","output":"Magical thinking"} +{"instruction":"Glucose mediated insulin release is mediated through","input":"Choices: ['ATP dependent K+ Channels', 'cAMP', 'Carrier modulators', 'Receptor phosphorylation']","output":"ATP dependent K+ Channels"} +{"instruction":"Which one of the following perinatal infections has the highest risk of fetal infection in the first trimester?","input":"Choices: ['Hepatitis B virus', 'Syphilis', 'Toxoplasmosis', 'Rubella']","output":"Rubella"} +{"instruction":"Pulmonary surfactant","input":"Choices: ['Pulmonary surfactant', 'In Hyaline membrane disease deficiency occurs', 'Theraputic application seen', 'All']","output":"All"} +{"instruction":"The most common cause of Addison's disease is -","input":"Choices: ['Autoimmune adrenalitis', 'Meningococcal septicemia', 'Malignancy', 'Tuberculosis']","output":"Autoimmune adrenalitis"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is false about NADPH?","input":"Choices: ['Produces ATP in RBCs', 'Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase causes decreased synthesis of NADPH', 'Required for reductive biosynthesis', 'Stabilizes the membrane of RBCs']","output":"Produces ATP in RBCs"} +{"instruction":"Ureteric bud arises from ?","input":"Choices: ['Paramesonephric Dut', 'Mullerian duct', 'Mesonephric duct', 'Mesonephric tubule']","output":"Mesonephric duct"} +{"instruction":"Related to calcium metabolism, which of the following does not occur during pregnancy","input":"Choices: ['Total serum calcium levels fall.', '80% of fetal calcium deposition occurs in third trimester.', 'Fetal skeleton excretes approximately 30g of calcium by term.', 'Serum ionized calcium levels fall.']","output":"Serum ionized calcium levels fall."} +{"instruction":"Medullary ca of thyroid is associated with increase in","input":"Choices: ['Calcitonin', 'Thyroglobulin', 'T3', 'T4']","output":"Calcitonin"} +{"instruction":"What is the narrowest pa of the respiratory tract in children?","input":"Choices: ['Glottis', 'Subglottic area', 'Trachea', 'Carina']","output":"Subglottic area"} +{"instruction":"A 20 year old man complains of difficulty in reading the newspaper with his right eye, three weeks after sustaining a gun shot injury to his left eye. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?","input":"Choices: ['Macular edema', 'Optic nerve avulsion', 'Sympathetic ophthalmia', 'Delayed viterous hemorrhage']","output":"Sympathetic ophthalmia"} +{"instruction":"Not vit K dependent clotting factor is -","input":"Choices: ['II', 'VII', 'VIII', 'IX']","output":"VIII"} +{"instruction":"In- right lateral rectus palsy, head is turned to -","input":"Choices: ['Right', 'Left', 'Up', 'Down']","output":"Right"} +{"instruction":"Anterior lenticonus is found in -","input":"Choices: [\"Lowe's syndrome\", \"William's syndrome\", \"Alpo's syndrome\", \"Down's syndrome\"]","output":"Alpo's syndrome"} +{"instruction":"Ganglion associated with lacrimal gland:","input":"Choices: ['Sphenopalatine (pterygo palatine)', 'Otic ganglion', 'Submandibular', 'Ciliary']","output":"Sphenopalatine (pterygo palatine)"} +{"instruction":"True about Rotary NiTi files is","input":"Choices: ['Made by Equiatomic alloy of Ni and Ti', 'Developed by WF Buehlar at Navel ordinance laboratory', '45% by weight of Titanium and 55% by wt of Nickle', 'All of the above']","output":"All of the above"} +{"instruction":"Ramu, a 22 year old single unmarried man is suffering from the sudden onset of 3rd person hallucination for the past 2 weeks. He is suspicious of his family members and had decreased sleep and appetite. The diagnosis is -","input":"Choices: ['Schizophrenia', 'Acute Psychosis', 'Acute mania', 'Acute delirium']","output":"Acute Psychosis"} +{"instruction":"Malignant hypehermia is caused due to which of the following mechanism?","input":"Choices: ['Increased intracellular NA', 'Decreased intracellular chlorine', 'Increased intracellular Ca', 'Increased serum K']","output":"Increased intracellular Ca"} +{"instruction":"All the following muscles have dual nerve supply except","input":"Choices: ['Subscapularis', 'Pectoralis major', 'Pronator teres', 'Flexor digitorum profundus']","output":"Pronator teres"} +{"instruction":"High calcium intake leads to","input":"Choices: ['Milk-Alkali syndrome', 'Cardiomyopathy', 'Osteoporosis', 'Osteopetrosis']","output":"Milk-Alkali syndrome"} +{"instruction":"Cadaveric lividity is same as?","input":"Choices: ['Postmoem calorcity', 'Rigor mois', 'Algor mois', 'Postmoem staining']","output":"Postmoem staining"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is used as control in plasma sterilization:","input":"Choices: ['B. Subtilis', 'B. Stearothermophilus', 'Cl. Tetani', 'Cl. Perfringens']","output":"B. Stearothermophilus"} +{"instruction":"Cirrhosis of liver in adult population is commonly due to all of the following except -a) Hepatitis Ab) Hepatitis Bc) Hepatitis Cd) Hepatitis E","input":"Choices: ['ad', 'c', 'ac', 'ab']","output":"ad"} +{"instruction":"Incidence of diarrhoea in a community can be calculated by-","input":"Choices: ['Case control study', 'Coho study', 'Cross sectional study', 'Double blind placebo control study']","output":"Coho study"} +{"instruction":"Kaagener syndrome includes all of the following except:","input":"Choices: ['Dysphagia', 'Bronchiectasis', 'Sinusitis', 'Dextrocardia']","output":"Dysphagia"} +{"instruction":"Which is the Nucleus of masseteric reflex?","input":"Choices: ['Superior sensory nucleus of trigeminal nerve', 'Spinal nucleus of trigeminal nerve', 'Mesencephalic nucleus of trigeminal nerve', 'Dorsal nucleus of vagus nerve']","output":"Mesencephalic nucleus of trigeminal nerve"} +{"instruction":"The mucosa of the posterior third of the tongue is supplied by","input":"Choices: ['Facial nerve', 'Trigeminal nerve', 'Mandibular nerve', 'Glossopharyngeal nerve']","output":"Glossopharyngeal nerve"} +{"instruction":"Viagra (sildenafil) produces its physiological effects by blocking the enzyme that hydrolyzes the second messenger by which nitric oxide produces its physiological effects. The second messenger is","input":"Choices: ['Bradykinin', 'Cyclic GMP', 'Protein kinase A', 'Endothelin']","output":"Cyclic GMP"} +{"instruction":"A pin retained amalgam:","input":"Choices: ['Does not reinforce the tooth', 'Weakens the tooth', 'Reinforces the amalgam structure', 'Improves retention of restoration']","output":"Improves retention of restoration"} +{"instruction":"Jarisch Herxheimer reaction is commonly seen in –","input":"Choices: ['Early syphilis', 'Late congenital syphilis', 'Latent syphilis', 'Syphilis of cardiovascular system']","output":"Early syphilis"} +{"instruction":"Tetracycline stains appear as:","input":"Choices: ['Yellow and brown stains in enamel and dentin', 'Yellow and brown stains only in enamel', 'Yellow and brown stains only in dentin', 'Only yellow stain in enamel']","output":"Yellow and brown stains in enamel and dentin"} +{"instruction":"Chi-square test tests:","input":"Choices: ['Standard error of Mean', 'Standard error of Propoion', 'Standard error of difference between 2 Means', 'Standard error of difference between Propoions']","output":"Standard error of difference between Propoions"} +{"instruction":"Antibiotic abuse can induce the deficiency of the following vitamin","input":"Choices: ['Thiamine', 'Niacin', 'Vitamin K', 'Vitamin E']","output":"Vitamin K"} +{"instruction":"CD 5 lymphocyte is found in -","input":"Choices: ['Hairy cell leukemia', 'Burkitt lymphoma', 'Follicular cell lymphoma', 'Mantle cell lymphoma']","output":"Mantle cell lymphoma"} +{"instruction":"During second trimester of pregnancy, erythropoiesis occurs in the fetus primarily in?","input":"Choices: ['Liver', 'Spleen', 'Red bone marrow', 'Lymph nodes']","output":"Liver"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following anti - glaucoma drug can likely cause black pigmentation on conjunctiva","input":"Choices: ['Adrenaline', 'Latanoprost', 'Beta blockers', 'Pilocarpine']","output":"Adrenaline"} +{"instruction":"Despite their short half-lives (2 hours), Proton pump Inhibitors (PPIs) cause a prolonged suppression of acid secretion (up to 48 hours) because:","input":"Choices: ['They are prodrugs and undergo activation gradually', 'They exit from the plasma and enter acid secretory canaliculi and stay there, blocking the secretion of acid for a long time', 'They irreversibly inhibit the proton pump molecule and hence, acid secretion requires synthesis of new proton pumps', 'They are available as enteric coated capsules, from which drug is gradually released']","output":"They irreversibly inhibit the proton pump molecule and hence, acid secretion requires synthesis of new proton pumps"} +{"instruction":"Iris bombe occurs is:","input":"Choices: ['Ring synechiae', 'Anterior synechiae', 'Posterior synechiae', 'All']","output":"Ring synechiae"} +{"instruction":"Rise in end tidal CO2 during thyroid surgery can be due to all except:","input":"Choices: ['Anaphylaxis', 'Malignant hypehermia', 'Thyroid storm', 'Neuroleptic malignant syndrome']","output":"Anaphylaxis"} +{"instruction":"The most common tumor of the minor salivary gland is -","input":"Choices: ['Mucoepidermoid carcinoma', 'Acinic cell carcinoma', 'Adenoid cystic carcinoma', 'Pleomorphic adeno carcinoma']","output":"Adenoid cystic carcinoma"} +{"instruction":"While doing excision of cervical lymph nodes, inadveent injury to which nerve causes drooping of shoulder","input":"Choices: ['Supraclavicular nerve', 'Suprascapular nerve', 'Spinal accessory nerve', 'Nerve to serratus anterior']","output":"Spinal accessory nerve"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following drugs are used in the treatment of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)?","input":"Choices: ['Clomipramine', 'Lithium', 'Olanzepine', 'None']","output":"Clomipramine"} +{"instruction":"Amsel's criteria is used for;","input":"Choices: ['Gardnerella vaginosis', 'Candidiasis', 'Trichomoniasis', 'Chlamydia infection']","output":"Gardnerella vaginosis"} +{"instruction":"Sister Mary Joseph nodule is most commonly seen in which of the following malignancies?","input":"Choices: ['Ovarian cancer', 'Stomach cancer', 'Colon cancer', 'Pancreatic cancer']","output":"Stomach cancer"} +{"instruction":"Thyroid storm after operation is due to:","input":"Choices: ['Inadequate control of hyperthyroidism', 'Massive bleeding', 'Recurrent laryngeal nerve injury', 'Postoperative infection']","output":"Inadequate control of hyperthyroidism"} +{"instruction":"Which of following is not a schneider's first rank symptom-","input":"Choices: ['Passivity phenominon', 'Auditory hallucinations', 'Delusions of self reference', 'Delusional perception']","output":"Delusions of self reference"} +{"instruction":"Median is -","input":"Choices: ['Middle most value in sequentially arranged data', 'Most frequently occur! ng value in a data set', 'Highest value in a data', 'Lowest value in a data']","output":"Middle most value in sequentially arranged data"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is also known as australia antigen: September 2006","input":"Choices: ['HBsAg', 'HBeAg', 'HBcAg', 'HBV DNA']","output":"HBsAg"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following regarding oral polio vaccine (OPV) is not true?","input":"Choices: ['Useful in epidemics', 'Excretion of virus in stools may cause disease to the unimmunized', 'Rapid antibody response', 'Protective even in the presence of maternal antibodies']","output":"Excretion of virus in stools may cause disease to the unimmunized"} +{"instruction":"True statements about DNA structure:","input":"Choices: ['All nucleotides are involved in linkage', 'Antiparallel', 'Bases are perpendicular to DNA', 'All']","output":"All"} +{"instruction":"Average reproductive life span of ovum is?","input":"Choices: ['6-12 hrs', '12-24 hrs', '24-36 hrs', '3 days']","output":"12-24 hrs"} +{"instruction":"For a full mouth examination, how many IOPAs are required for a child aged 8-9 years?","input":"Choices: ['10', '12', '8', '14']","output":"12"} +{"instruction":"Degree of freedom of a chi square test in contingency table of 2 by 2 is?","input":"Choices: ['1', 'Zero', '2', '4']","output":"1"} +{"instruction":"L-aspraginase is used in which type of Leukemia -","input":"Choices: ['AML', 'CML', 'ALL', 'CLL']","output":"ALL"} +{"instruction":"Capsaicin acts on ______","input":"Choices: ['Vanilloid receptor', 'Capsaicoid receptor', 'AMPA receptor', 'NMDA receptor']","output":"Vanilloid receptor"} +{"instruction":"Pigmentation in the liver is caused by all except","input":"Choices: ['Liposuction', 'Pseudo Melanin', \"Wilson's disease\", 'Malaria pigment']","output":"Wilson's disease"} +{"instruction":"Anti-Ro antibody is found in?","input":"Choices: ['SLE', 'Scleroderma', 'MCTD', 'Neonatal lupus']","output":"Neonatal lupus"} +{"instruction":"A 37-year-old man suffers a traumatic injury to the axilla that damages the thoracodorsal nerve. Which of the following movements of the arm or scapula could be affected in this patient?","input":"Choices: ['Abduction', 'Adduction', 'Flexion', 'Lateral rotation']","output":"Adduction"} +{"instruction":"The period of bility of a child is","input":"Choices: ['150 days', '210 days', '270 days', '240 days']","output":"210 days"} +{"instruction":"'A 46 years-old male patient has Cushing's syndrome due to the adrenal tumor. Which of the following drugs would be expected to reduce the symptoms in this case?","input":"Choices: ['Betamethasone', 'Coisol', 'Fludrocoisone', 'Ketoconazole']","output":"Ketoconazole"} +{"instruction":"A 45 year old veterinary surgeon presented with a black eschar on the left hand. There was extensive swelling around the ulcer but it was not painful. There were few vesicular lesions surrounding the ulcer. He presented a history of injury to the hand while handling animals. What would be the presumptive diagnosis on the basis of history and culture smear of fluid from the vesicles?","input":"Choices: ['Actinomycetoma', 'Clostridium infection', 'Cutaneous anthrax', 'Extrapulmonary nocardiosis']","output":"Cutaneous anthrax"} +{"instruction":"Circinate retinopathy is seen in","input":"Choices: ['Diabetic Retinopathy', 'Hypeensive Retinopathy', 'Best Disease', \"Stargardt's Disease\"]","output":"Diabetic Retinopathy"} +{"instruction":"A screening test is more sensitive","input":"Choices: ['Few false negative', 'Few false positive', 'More false positive', 'More false negative']","output":"Few false negative"} +{"instruction":"Hypertonic saline is not given in:","input":"Choices: ['Type IV shock', 'Bowel syndrome', 'Burns', 'Brain edema']","output":"Bowel syndrome"} +{"instruction":"To diagnose uterus didelphys, procedure of choice is:","input":"Choices: ['Laparoscopy', 'IVP', 'HSG', 'USG']","output":"USG"} +{"instruction":"All muscles of pharynx are supplied by pharyngeal plexus except -","input":"Choices: ['Palatopharyngngeus', 'Stylopharyngeus', 'Salpingopharyngeus', 'Superior constrictor']","output":"Stylopharyngeus"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is the primary mechanism of action of fluoride on topical application?","input":"Choices: ['Forming a reservoir in saliva', 'Inhibition of plaque bacteria', 'Improvement in tooth morphology', 'Conversion of hydroxyapatite to fluorapatite by replacing the OH- ions']","output":"Conversion of hydroxyapatite to fluorapatite by replacing the OH- ions"} +{"instruction":"Meister cycle uses:","input":"Choices: ['ALT', 'AST', 'GGT', 'Alkaline Phosphatase']","output":"GGT"} +{"instruction":"In withdrawing a blood sample from the median cubital vein the needle passes slightly deep and medial; which nerve might possibly be injured?","input":"Choices: ['Dorsal ulnar cutaneous', 'Lateral antebrachial cutaneous', 'Medial antebrachial cutaneous', 'Posterior antebrachial cutaneous']","output":"Medial antebrachial cutaneous"} +{"instruction":"Epithelium of oral mucous membrane is","input":"Choices: ['Keratinized', 'Non keratinized', 'Ortho, para and non keratinized', 'Only para keratinized']","output":"Ortho, para and non keratinized"} +{"instruction":"Tylosis refers to:","input":"Choices: ['Hyperophy and drooping of eyelid', 'Inversion of eyelid', 'Senile eversion of eyelid', 'Distoion of cilia']","output":"Hyperophy and drooping of eyelid"} +{"instruction":"\"Eaton\" agent is:","input":"Choices: ['Mycoplasma', 'Pseudomonas', 'Gonococcus', 'Listeria']","output":"Mycoplasma"} +{"instruction":"Most peripheral laboratory under RNTCP","input":"Choices: ['Peripheral Reference laboratory', 'Designated microscopy centre', 'Tuberculosis unit', 'Intermediate Reference laboratory']","output":"Designated microscopy centre"} +{"instruction":"A 35-year-old female who was brought into the emergency department for a drug overdose requires insertion of a nasogastric tube and administration of activated charcoal. What are the three sites in the esophagus where one should anticipate resistance due to compression on the organ?","input":"Choices: ['At the aortic arch, the cricopharyngeal constriction, and the diaphragmatic constriction', 'The cardiac constriction, the cricoid cartilage constriction, and the thoracic duct', 'The pulmonary constriction, cricothyroid con striction, and the azygos arch', 'The cardiac constriction, the azygos arch, the pulmonary trunk']","output":"At the aortic arch, the cricopharyngeal constriction, and the diaphragmatic constriction"} +{"instruction":"Splenectomy is most useful in :","input":"Choices: ['Thrombocytopenia', 'Hereditary spherocytosis', 'H.S. purpura', 'Sickle cell anemia']","output":"Hereditary spherocytosis"} +{"instruction":"If during blood transfusion reaction develops in the form of incompatibility, the first thing to be done is","input":"Choices: ['Stop the transfusion', 'Inj Hydrocortisone to be given', 'Inj Chlorpheneramine maleate to be given', 'Inj Frusemide to be given']","output":"Stop the transfusion"} +{"instruction":"The equilibrium potential for sodium is","input":"Choices: ['60', '-70', '-90', 'All']","output":"60"} +{"instruction":"Healing of of bone is affected by:","input":"Choices: ['Micromovement', 'Muscle interposition', 'Hypoxia', 'All']","output":"All"} +{"instruction":"In a nulliparous woman, the treatment of choice in ruptured ectopic pregnancy is:","input":"Choices: ['Salpingectomy and end to end anastomosis', 'Salpingo-oophorectomy', 'Wait and watch', 'Linear salpingostomy']","output":"Salpingectomy and end to end anastomosis"} +{"instruction":"Corona Radiata of ovum is formed from -","input":"Choices: ['Cumulus ovaricus', 'Zona pellucida', 'Formative yolk', 'Follicular cells']","output":"Follicular cells"} +{"instruction":"Internal jugular vein is the continuation of which of the following sinus","input":"Choices: ['Cavernous sinus', 'Sigmoid sinus', 'Inferior petrosal sinus', 'Superior petrosal sinus']","output":"Sigmoid sinus"} +{"instruction":"All of the following are true about saccharolytic fermentation, EXCEPT:","input":"Choices: ['Undigested fat conveed into sho chain fatty acids (SCFAs)', 'Action of GUT flora', 'Acetic acid, butyric acid and propionic acid are it products', 'SCFAs inhibit the growth of intestinal epithilial cells']","output":"SCFAs inhibit the growth of intestinal epithilial cells"} +{"instruction":"The most predominant type of polio virus during epidemics is","input":"Choices: ['Type I', 'Type II', 'Type III', 'Combined infection of II & III']","output":"Type I"} +{"instruction":"WHO ORS contain -","input":"Choices: ['Sodium chloride 2-5 gm', 'Potassium chloride 1.5 gm', 'Sucrose 10 gm', 'Glucose 20 gm']","output":"Sodium chloride 2-5 gm"} +{"instruction":"The defluoridations process of drinking water developed by the NEERI is popularly known as -","input":"Choices: ['Activated sludge process', 'Recarbonation process', 'Nalgonda process', 'Double pot method']","output":"Nalgonda process"} +{"instruction":"Glioma of optic nerve is usually -","input":"Choices: ['Gemistocytic', 'Pilocytic', 'Fibrillary', 'Lamellar']","output":"Pilocytic"} +{"instruction":"Not a feature of Hartnup's disease:","input":"Choices: ['Pellagroid skin lesion', 'Cerebellar ataxia', 'Mental retardation', 'Psychological disturbances']","output":"Mental retardation"} +{"instruction":"Gene transfer in bacterial system by","input":"Choices: ['Transformation', 'Transduction', 'Conjugation', 'Location']","output":"Transformation"} +{"instruction":"Human development index doesn&;t include","input":"Choices: ['Mean years of schooling', 'Health', 'Education', 'Living standards']","output":"Mean years of schooling"} +{"instruction":"Why does decreased glycolytic activity impair oxygen transpo by hemoglobin?","input":"Choices: ['Due to reduced energy production', 'Due to decreased production of 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate', 'Due to reduced synthesis of hemoglobin at low levels of oxygen', 'None of the above']","output":"Due to decreased production of 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate"} +{"instruction":"True regarding opening of auditory tube in nasopharynx is:","input":"Choices: ['Posterior to inferior nasal concha', 'Posterior to middle nasal concha', 'Superior to inferior nasal concha', 'Inferior to inferior nasal concha']","output":"Posterior to inferior nasal concha"} +{"instruction":"A young man with pulmonary tuberculosis presents with massive recurrent hemoptysis. For angiographic treatment, which vascular structure should be evaluated first:","input":"Choices: ['Pulmonary aery', 'Bronchial aery', 'Pulmonary vein', 'Superior vena cava']","output":"Bronchial aery"} +{"instruction":"The age by which most of the normal babies know their gender is –","input":"Choices: ['1 year', '2 years', '3 years', '4 years']","output":"3 years"} +{"instruction":"8 days after cesarean section a new mother presented with fever of 101.4degF. On examination her uterus is soft and extremely tender. Puerperal infection is confirmed. She mostly have:","input":"Choices: ['Vaginitis', 'Endometritis', 'Parametritis', 'Salpingitis']","output":"Endometritis"} +{"instruction":"The most common malignancy in an individual on immunosuppressive therapy is of -","input":"Choices: ['Lung', 'Skin', 'Hodgkin lymphoma', 'Kidney']","output":"Skin"} +{"instruction":"Bicarbonate moves out of RBC in peripheral tissues in exchange for","input":"Choices: ['Na+', 'HP02 4-', 'Cl-', 'S02 4-']","output":"Cl-"} +{"instruction":"All of the following are true about the papovavirus except -","input":"Choices: ['They are non-enevloped icosahedral viruses', 'Produce papilloma and was in human', 'RNA virus', 'SV - 40 is oncogenic']","output":"RNA virus"} +{"instruction":"Treatment of choice of Desmoid tumour is -","input":"Choices: ['Surgery', 'Chemotherapy', 'Radiotherapy', 'Surgery + Radiotherapy']","output":"Surgery"} +{"instruction":"Milk borne diseases are-","input":"Choices: ['Salmonellosis', 'E. coli', 'Streptococcus', 'All']","output":"All"} +{"instruction":"A lady Dimple has a lytic lesion in X-Ray of upper end of humerus. The diagnosis is,","input":"Choices: ['Osteosarcoma', 'Osteochondroma', 'Unicarmel bone cyst', 'Osteoclastoma']","output":"Unicarmel bone cyst"} +{"instruction":"Chest x Ray findings seen in ?","input":"Choices: ['Congential syphilis', 'Toxoplasmosis', 'Congential tuberculosis', 'Asbestosis']","output":"Asbestosis"} +{"instruction":"All of the following are ahropod borne diseases except: September 2007","input":"Choices: ['Malaria', 'Filariasis', 'Dengue', 'Dracunculosis']","output":"Dracunculosis"} +{"instruction":"In tandem caridge, the number of bullets fired is","input":"Choices: ['One bullet', 'Two bullets', 'Three bullets', 'Multiple bullets']","output":"Two bullets"} +{"instruction":"HPV-related cervical intraepithelial neoplasia can be diagnosed by the presence of which of the following histologic features?","input":"Choices: ['Central, basophilic intranuclear cellular inclusions', 'Cowdry type A intranuclear cellular inclusions', 'Enlarged multinucleated cells', 'Cytoplasmic vacuolization and nuclear enlargement of cells']","output":"Cytoplasmic vacuolization and nuclear enlargement of cells"} +{"instruction":"Premalignant lesion of oral cavity includes","input":"Choices: ['Lichen planus', 'Erythroplakia', 'Bowen disease', 'Behchet disease']","output":"Erythroplakia"} +{"instruction":"In concomitant squint:","input":"Choices: ['Primary detion > Secondary detion', 'Primary detion < Secondary detion', 'Primary detion = Secondary detion', 'None of the above']","output":"Primary detion = Secondary detion"} +{"instruction":"True about Wilson's disease is ?","input":"Choices: ['Increased serum ceruloplasmin', 'Decreased liver copper', 'Increased urinary copper excretion', 'Decreased urine copper excretion']","output":"Increased urinary copper excretion"} +{"instruction":"A 52 year old lady with a vesicovaginal fistula after abdominal hysterectomy is not responding to conservative management. Most useful and impoant next investigation is:","input":"Choices: ['Triple Swab Test', 'Urine culture', 'Cystoscopy', 'IVP']","output":"Cystoscopy"} +{"instruction":"All of the following drugs can be used in hypeensive emergency -","input":"Choices: ['Trimethaphan', 'I. V. hydralazine', 'Indapamide', 'Sublingual nifedipine']","output":"I. V. hydralazine"} +{"instruction":"The axillary sheath is an extension of this fascia around the subclan aery and brachial plexus. Fascia around nerve bundle of brachial plexus is derived from:","input":"Choices: ['Preveebral fascia', 'Pretracheal fascia', 'Investing layer', 'Superficial cervical fascia']","output":"Preveebral fascia"} +{"instruction":"Percentage of females with oligomenorrhea in PCOs:","input":"Choices: ['50%', '60%', '70%', '80%']","output":"80%"} +{"instruction":"A 40-year old female presented with dyspnoea on exeion grade III and palpitations. ECG showed atrial fibrillation with fast ventricular rate. Echocardiography shows severe mitral stenosis with left atrial appendage clot. Which of the following is not advised?","input":"Choices: ['Diltiazen to control ventricular rate', 'Sta warfarin and follow-up with repeat echocardiography', 'EC followed by percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty', 'Open mitral commissurotomy with clot removal']","output":"EC followed by percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty"} +{"instruction":"In Crude death rate the population is taken as on","input":"Choices: ['Ist March', 'I st July', 'Ist April', '15th August']","output":"I st July"} +{"instruction":"The definitive colour of the iris depends upon the:","input":"Choices: ['Anterior limiting layer', 'Stroma', 'Anterior pigmented epithelium', 'Posterior pigmented epithelium']","output":"Anterior limiting layer"} +{"instruction":"Wilm's tumour commonly presents as","input":"Choices: ['Pain in the abdomen', 'Abdominal mass', 'Fever', 'Hematuria']","output":"Abdominal mass"} +{"instruction":"The only definitive indication of systemic steroids in psoriasis-","input":"Choices: ['Pustular psoriasis', 'Impetigo herpetiformis', 'Psoriatic ahropathy', 'Erythroderma']","output":"Impetigo herpetiformis"} +{"instruction":"Stapedius muscle is","input":"Choices: ['Unipennate muscle', 'Asymmetric Bipennete', 'Symmetric Bipennete', 'Muscle of Neck region']","output":"Asymmetric Bipennete"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following clinical manifestation is seen in severe copper sulphate poisoning?","input":"Choices: ['Acute hemolysis', 'High anion gap acidosis', 'Peripheral neuropathy', 'Rhabdomyolysis']","output":"Acute hemolysis"} +{"instruction":"The uterus becomes pelvic organ after delivery in:","input":"Choices: ['10-12 days', '12-14 days', '14-16 days', '16-18 days']","output":"12-14 days"} +{"instruction":"S, S is strain of .......... Vaccine:-","input":"Choices: ['Dengavaxia', 'MIP Leprosy vaccine', 'Mosquirix', 'Anti HIV vaccine']","output":"Mosquirix"} +{"instruction":"A microbiologist working on influenza virus in a lab, observes reversal of hemagglutination. This phenomenon is called as?","input":"Choices: ['Hemolysis', 'Elution', 'Complement fixation', 'Precipitation']","output":"Elution"} +{"instruction":"A person who is running, the main source of energy he will be using in 1st min is:","input":"Choices: ['Glucose', 'Glycogen', 'Fat', 'Phosphagen']","output":"Glycogen"} +{"instruction":"A young female has the following lab values s MCV-70 Hb 10 gm% serum Iron 60, serum ferltin 100, the diagnosis Is","input":"Choices: ['Thalassemia trail', 'Chronic iron deficiency anemia', 'Megaloblastic anemia', 'Anaemia of chronic infection']","output":"Anaemia of chronic infection"} +{"instruction":"Side effects of diphenyl hydantion may include all EXCEPT-","input":"Choices: ['Gingival hyperplasia', 'Acute cerebellar syndrome', 'Inter - nuclear opthalmoplegia', 'Megaloblastic anemia']","output":"Inter - nuclear opthalmoplegia"} +{"instruction":"Route not used by addicts for morphine: WB 07","input":"Choices: ['Intravenous', 'Intramuscular', 'Subcutaneous', 'Oral']","output":"Oral"} +{"instruction":"Acetyl CoA is necessary for","input":"Choices: ['Aminoacid', 'Fatty acid synthesis', 'Glucose storage', 'All']","output":"Fatty acid synthesis"} +{"instruction":"Size of uterus in inches:","input":"Choices: ['5x4x2', '4x3x1', '3x2x1', '4x2x1']","output":"3x2x1"} +{"instruction":"Zero order kinetics is seen with","input":"Choices: ['Phenytoin', 'Phenabarbtion', 'Phenabarbtion', 'Digoxin']","output":"Phenytoin"} +{"instruction":"A 28 years old man has anterior lenticonus and ESRD now. His maternal uncle also died of similar illness. Diagnosis is:","input":"Choices: ['ARPKD', 'ADPKD', 'Oxalosis', \"Alport's syndrome\"]","output":"Alport's syndrome"} +{"instruction":"The palate of an HIV +ve patient shows the following lesion, the probable diagnosis is:","input":"Choices: ['Kaposi’s sarcoma', 'Lymphangioma', 'Non Hodgkin’s lymphoma', 'Hodgkin’s lymphoma']","output":"Kaposi’s sarcoma"} +{"instruction":"Lemierre's disease, an oropharyngeal infection is MOST COMMONLY caused by which of the following organisms?","input":"Choices: ['Streptococcus mutans', 'S. milleri', 'P. melanogenica', 'F. necrophorum']","output":"F. necrophorum"} +{"instruction":"Raindrop pigmentation is seen in: Kerala 07; BHU 10; NEET 13","input":"Choices: ['Arsenic poisoning', 'Phosphorous poisoning', 'Mercury poisoning', 'Thallium poisoning']","output":"Arsenic poisoning"} +{"instruction":"Apex of maxillary sinus points towards","input":"Choices: ['Zygomatic bone', 'Nasal Cavity', 'Orbital surface', 'None of the above']","output":"Zygomatic bone"} +{"instruction":"Submental lymph nodes drains from ?","input":"Choices: ['Centre of lower lips', 'Posterior 1\/3 of tongue', 'Anterior 2\/3 of tongue', 'Angle of mouth']","output":"Centre of lower lips"} +{"instruction":"Not true about sudden infant death syndrome ?","input":"Choices: ['Occurs in male child', 'Allergy to animal milk', 'Seen in premature babies', 'Cause is prolonged breast feeding']","output":"Cause is prolonged breast feeding"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is NOT a prion disease?","input":"Choices: ['Bovine spongiform encephalopathy', 'Transmissible mink encephalopathy', 'Scrapie', 'Progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy']","output":"Progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy"} +{"instruction":"Parboiling of paddy helps in retaining:","input":"Choices: ['Vitamin C', 'Vitamin A', 'Niacin', 'Thiamine']","output":"Thiamine"} +{"instruction":"All of the following are essential features of attention deficit hyperactive disease (ADHD) except -","input":"Choices: ['Lack of concentration', 'Impulsivity', 'Mental retardation', 'Hyperactivity']","output":"Mental retardation"} +{"instruction":"Triad of Fetty's syndrome does not include","input":"Choices: ['Osteoporosis', 'Rheumatoid Arthritis', 'Spleenomegally', 'Neutropenia']","output":"Osteoporosis"} +{"instruction":"Mary's law states the relationship of hea rate with which of the following parameter?","input":"Choices: ['Cardiac output', 'Stroke volume', 'Aerial BP', 'Presystolic volume']","output":"Aerial BP"} +{"instruction":"After A, a young male presented with non-pulsatile retroperitoneal hematoma. On table IVU was done. Right kidney was not visualized. Left kidney showed immediate excretion of dye. What is next step in the management?","input":"Choices: ['Nephrectomy', 'Open Gerotas fascia and explore proximal renal vessels', 'Perform retrograde pyelography', 'Perform on table angiography']","output":"Open Gerotas fascia and explore proximal renal vessels"} +{"instruction":"Alpha - wave in EEG is seen in -","input":"Choices: ['Sleep', 'REM sleep', 'Awake state', 'Mental work']","output":"Awake state"} +{"instruction":"Commonest cause of blood discharge from the nipple is","input":"Choices: ['Duct carcinoma', 'Duct papilloma', 'Chronic cystic mastitis', 'Cystosarcoma phyllodes']","output":"Duct papilloma"} +{"instruction":"Bed of tonsil is formed by-","input":"Choices: ['Superior constrictor', 'Middle constrictor', 'Inferior constrictor', 'Platysma']","output":"Superior constrictor"} +{"instruction":"Vitamin beneficial in osteoporosis in combination with Vitamin D is:","input":"Choices: ['Vitamin E', 'Vitamin A', 'Vitamin K', 'Vitamin B']","output":"Vitamin K"} +{"instruction":"At hilum of lung, what enters -","input":"Choices: ['Primary\/Principal bronchus', 'Secondary bronchus', 'Tertiary bronchus', 'Bronchiole']","output":"Primary\/Principal bronchus"} +{"instruction":"Bone scan in multiple myeloma shows –","input":"Choices: ['Hot spot', 'Cold spot', 'Diffusely increased uptake', 'Diffusely decreased uptake']","output":"Cold spot"} +{"instruction":"Lewis triple response is caused due to:","input":"Choices: ['Histamine', 'Axon reflex', 'Injury to endothelium', 'Increased permeability']","output":"Histamine"} +{"instruction":"Hallucinations are produced by-","input":"Choices: ['Amphetamine', 'Morphine', 'Paraxetine', 'Chlorpromazine']","output":"Amphetamine"} +{"instruction":"Aerial supply to putamen includes all EXCEPT:","input":"Choices: ['Medial striate aeries', 'Lateral striate aeries', 'Anterior choroidal aery', 'Posterior communicating aery']","output":"Posterior communicating aery"} +{"instruction":"Rash of chickenpox can be differentiated from the rash of small pox by all except ?","input":"Choices: ['Pleomorphic', 'Centripetal', 'Deep-seated', 'Unilocular']","output":"Deep-seated"} +{"instruction":"The bottle feeding should be discontinued by the age of:","input":"Choices: ['12 months', '8 months', '18 months', '20 months']","output":"12 months"} +{"instruction":"Rodent ulcer is","input":"Choices: ['Basal cell cancer', 'Squamous cell ca', 'Rhinophyma', 'Adenocarcinoma']","output":"Basal cell cancer"} +{"instruction":"A 6 year old boy presented with recurrent chest infections. Sweat chloride test was done and it shows raised values. What is the next BEST investigation to confirm the diagnosis?","input":"Choices: ['72 hour fecal fat estimation', 'CT chest', 'Nasal electrode potential difference', 'DNA analysis of delta F-508 mutation']","output":"Nasal electrode potential difference"} +{"instruction":"The cause of 'postpartum blues' is:","input":"Choices: ['Decreased estrogen', 'Decreased progesterone', 'Increased prolactin', 'Decreased estrogen and progesterone']","output":"Decreased estrogen and progesterone"} +{"instruction":"A wave in ERG is due to the activity of –","input":"Choices: ['Pigmented epithelium', 'Rods and cones', 'Ganglion cell', 'Bipolar cell']","output":"Rods and cones"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is false about watermelon stomach","input":"Choices: ['Watermelon stomach is more common in females', 'Causes upper GI bleeding', 'Treatment is argon photocoagulation', 'Dilated veins present in the fundus.']","output":"Dilated veins present in the fundus."} +{"instruction":"Lysogenic conversion is seen in","input":"Choices: ['Diphtheria', 'Salmonella', 'Staphylococcus', 'E. coli']","output":"Diphtheria"} +{"instruction":"Immunoglobulin variation does not depend on -","input":"Choices: ['Light chain', 'Heavy chain', 'Amino acid sequence', 'Constant region']","output":"Light chain"} +{"instruction":"Drug of choice for increased IOT in acute anterior uveitis –","input":"Choices: ['Atropine', 'Timolol', '5% Epinephrine', '2% Pilocarpine']","output":"Timolol"} +{"instruction":"Most common cause of PPH is -","input":"Choices: ['Atonic PPH', 'Traumatic PPH', 'Retained tissues', 'Bloodcoagulopathy']","output":"Atonic PPH"} +{"instruction":"Action of lumbricals at this joint is:","input":"Choices: ['Flexion', 'Extension', 'Adduction', 'Abduction']","output":"Flexion"} +{"instruction":"Declaration of Geneva is related with","input":"Choices: ['Medical etiquette', 'Disciplinary control', 'Hippocratic oath', 'Professional misconduct']","output":"Hippocratic oath"} +{"instruction":"A large baby is born with which complication in pregnancy :","input":"Choices: ['Gestational diabetes', 'Gestational hypeension', 'Cardiac disease', 'Anaemia']","output":"Gestational diabetes"} +{"instruction":"Rosette cataract develops in the","input":"Choices: ['Anterior cortex', 'Posterior cortex', 'Anterior subcapsule', 'Posterior subcapsule']","output":"Posterior cortex"} +{"instruction":"Insulin acts on which enzyme during glycolysis?","input":"Choices: ['Glucokinase', 'Hexokinase', 'Glucose-6-phosphatase', 'Adenylate kinase']","output":"Glucokinase"} +{"instruction":"Inverse agonist of the benzodiazepine receptor is:","input":"Choices: ['Phenobarbitone.', 'Flumazenil.', 'Beta carboline.', 'Gabapentin.']","output":"Beta carboline."} +{"instruction":"A double aoic arch is due to persistent:","input":"Choices: ['Right 4th arch', 'Right 6th arch', 'Left 4th arch', 'Left 6th arch']","output":"Right 4th arch"} +{"instruction":"When considering the axilla, which of the following statements is accurate?","input":"Choices: ['Pectoralis major and minor contribute to the anterior wall.', 'The long thoracic nerve runs on the posterior wall.', 'Teres minor forms the lower pa of the posterior wall.', 'The axillary aery lies anterior to the axillary sheath.']","output":"Pectoralis major and minor contribute to the anterior wall."} +{"instruction":"In posterior dislocation of hip,whole limb is rotated","input":"Choices: ['Laterally', 'Medially', 'Medially rotated + extension', 'Laterally rotated + extension']","output":"Medially"} +{"instruction":"Organelle that plays a pivotal role in apoptosis:","input":"Choices: ['Endoplasmic reticulum', 'Golgi complex', 'Mitochondria', 'Nucleus']","output":"Mitochondria"} +{"instruction":"Clozapine was the first antipsychotic drug. Which of the following is an indication for the use of Clozapine?","input":"Choices: ['Resistant schizophrenia', 'Akathesia', 'First drug to be used for schizpophrenia', 'Used for schizophrenia with depression']","output":"Resistant schizophrenia"} +{"instruction":"Three policemen, with difficulty, drag an agitated and very combative young man into an emergency room. Once there, he is restrained because he reacts with rage and tries to hit anyone who approaches him. When it is finally safe to approach him, the resident on call notices that the patient has very prominent veical nystagmus. Sholy thereafter, the patient has a generalized seizure. Which of the following substances of abuse is the most likely to produce this presentation?","input":"Choices: ['Amphetamine', 'PCP', 'Cocaine', 'Meperidine']","output":"Cocaine"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following growth alteration is an example of hyperplasia rather than metaplasia?","input":"Choices: ['Increased gobbler cells in the mainstem bronchus of a smoker', 'Squamous epithelium in the bladder of a patient with Schistosoma haematobium', 'Distal esophagus with glandular epithelium intermixed with squamous epithelium', 'Goblet and Paneth cells in the glands of the gastric mucosa']","output":"Increased gobbler cells in the mainstem bronchus of a smoker"} +{"instruction":"Laryngeal web most commonly involves region of:","input":"Choices: ['Supraglottitis', 'Glottis', 'Subglottis', 'Both (a) and (b)']","output":"Glottis"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following statement is TRUE about spinocerebellar tract?","input":"Choices: ['Equilibrium', 'Smoothes and coordinates movement', 'Learning induced by change in vestibulo ocular reflex', 'Planning and programming']","output":"Smoothes and coordinates movement"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following drug decreases plasma renin activity","input":"Choices: ['Enalapril', 'Nefidipine', 'Hydralazine', 'Clonidine']","output":"Clonidine"} +{"instruction":"At 20-degree centigrade atmospheric temperature, body reacts by","input":"Choices: ['Cutaneous vasoconstriction', 'Shivering', '|BMR', 'All of the above']","output":"All of the above"} +{"instruction":"Which muscle originates from tendon of other muscle ?","input":"Choices: ['Palmaris longus', 'FCR', 'Lumbricals', 'Adductor pollicis']","output":"Lumbricals"} +{"instruction":"Transferrin saturation is?","input":"Choices: ['Serum iron\/TIBC x100', 'TIBC\/serum iron x100', 'TIBC\/serum iron', 'Serum iron\/TIBC']","output":"Serum iron\/TIBC x100"} +{"instruction":"Neomycin is used in which of the following vaccines to prevent bacterial contamination?","input":"Choices: ['OPV and BCG', 'MMR and IPV', 'DPT and HPV', 'Hib and HPV']","output":"MMR and IPV"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following statements best describes long-acting nitrate preparations?","input":"Choices: ['Tolerance often develops', 'Their effect can be blocked by high doses of beta selective inhibitors', 'Trasdermal patches are more likely to be associated with headaches than are sublingual nitrates', 'Oral preparations are more effective than sublingual ones']","output":"Tolerance often develops"} +{"instruction":"How will you differentiate a mediastinal mass being a thymoma or acute lymphoblastic leukemia?","input":"Choices: ['Cytokeratin', 'CD1a', 'CD3', 'Tdt']","output":"Cytokeratin"} +{"instruction":"All are true about colonic lipoma except:","input":"Choices: ['Squeeze sign on radiology', 'Most common site is Cecum', 'Most commonly subserosal', 'Most commonly submucosal']","output":"Most commonly subserosal"} +{"instruction":"Dysphagia Lusoria is caused by -","input":"Choices: ['Compression by aberrant blood vessels', 'Achalasia Cardia', 'Mallory Weiss Tear', 'CA Esophagus']","output":"Compression by aberrant blood vessels"} +{"instruction":"Not seen in keratoconus","input":"Choices: ['More common in female', 'AD trait', 'Myopic with irregular astigmatism', \"Descemet's membrane may rupture\"]","output":"AD trait"} +{"instruction":"Arrange the following phases of Disaster Cycle in a logical sequence:-","input":"Choices: ['Disaster impact-Mitigation-Rehabilitation-Response', 'Disaster impact-Response-Rehabilitation- Mitigation', 'Rehabilitation-Response-Disaster impact-Mitigation', 'Response-Disaster impact-Rehabilitation- Mitigation']","output":"Disaster impact-Response-Rehabilitation- Mitigation"} +{"instruction":"which of these is a Fda approved indication for use of modafinil as an adjunct?","input":"Choices: ['Major depression', 'Narcolepsy', 'obstructive sleep apnea', 'shift work disorder']","output":"obstructive sleep apnea"} +{"instruction":"A genetic disorder renders fructose 1,6 - biphosphatase in liver less sensitive to regulation by fructose 2,6 - biphosphate. All of the following metabolic changes are observed in this disorder except:","input":"Choices: ['Level of fructose 1,6-biphosphate is higher than normal', 'Level of fructose 1,6 - biphosphate is lower than normal', 'Less pyruvate is formed', 'Less ATP is generated']","output":"Level of fructose 1,6-biphosphate is higher than normal"} +{"instruction":"Hepcidin inhibits -","input":"Choices: ['Absorption of cobalamine', 'Transfer of iron into enterocytes', 'Folic acid synthes', 'Respiratory oxidase']","output":"Transfer of iron into enterocytes"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is used to increase antigenicity of vaccine -","input":"Choices: ['Stabilizer', 'Adjuvant', 'Preservative', 'None of the above']","output":"Adjuvant"} +{"instruction":"Left sided cardiac bulge seen on chest X-ray is\/are clit:","input":"Choices: ['Enlargement of left atrial appendage', 'Azygous vein enlargement', 'Coronary aery aneurysm', 'Pulmonary edema']","output":"Enlargement of left atrial appendage"} +{"instruction":"Blood supply of prelaminar optic nerve is","input":"Choices: ['Short posterior ciliary arteries', 'Branch retinal artery', 'Ophthalmic artery', 'Meningeal arteries']","output":"Short posterior ciliary arteries"} +{"instruction":"Drug of choice for obscessive compulsive disorder is:","input":"Choices: ['Fluoxetine', 'Clomipramine', 'Clonazepam', 'Carbamazepine']","output":"Fluoxetine"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following markers in the blood is the most reliable indicator of recent hepatitis infection-","input":"Choices: ['HBsAg', 'lgG anti - HBs', 'IgM anti - HBc', 'gM anti - HBe']","output":"IgM anti - HBc"} +{"instruction":"The arachnoid villi allow cerebrospinal fluid to pass between which two of the following spaces?","input":"Choices: ['Choroid plexus and subdural space', 'Subarachnoid space and superior sagittal sinus', 'Subdural space and cavernous sinus', 'Superior sagittal sinus and jugular vein']","output":"Subarachnoid space and superior sagittal sinus"} +{"instruction":"Normal PCV value is?","input":"Choices: ['30-35%', '40-45%', '50-55%', '60-65%']","output":"40-45%"} +{"instruction":"Constituents of a typical embalming solution are all except -","input":"Choices: ['Phenol', 'Glycerine', 'Formalin', 'Ethanol']","output":"Ethanol"} +{"instruction":"Commonest site of lytic lesion, in multiple myeloma is","input":"Choices: ['Veebral column', 'Femur', 'Clavicle', 'Pelvis']","output":"Veebral column"} +{"instruction":"diagnostic peritoneal lavage is confirmed positive by which of the following parameters ?","input":"Choices: ['>1 lakh rbc', '>500 wbc\/ml', 'increased amylase', 'all the above']","output":"all the above"} +{"instruction":"The radiation tolerance of whole liver is","input":"Choices: ['15Gy', '30Gy', '40Gy', '45Gy']","output":"30Gy"} +{"instruction":"NUVA SEAL is:","input":"Choices: ['UV activated sealant', 'Self-cure sealant', 'Light cure sealant', 'Flouride releasing sealant']","output":"UV activated sealant"} +{"instruction":"The composition of Lugol&;s iodine","input":"Choices: ['10% KI with 5% Iodine', '5% KI and 15% Iodine', '5% Iodine with 20% KI', '10% Iodine and 20% KI']","output":"10% KI with 5% Iodine"} +{"instruction":"All of the following hereditary conditions predispose to CNS tumors, except -","input":"Choices: ['Neurofibromatosis 1 & 2', 'Tuberous sclerosis', 'Von-Hippel-Lindau syndrome', 'Xeroderma pigmentosum']","output":"Xeroderma pigmentosum"} +{"instruction":"Not a feature of acute aerial occlusion:-","input":"Choices: ['Cyanosis', 'Pallor', 'Paralysis', 'Paraesthesia']","output":"Cyanosis"} +{"instruction":"Which phase of the cardiac cycle follows immediately after the beginning of the QRS wave?","input":"Choices: ['Isovolumic relaxation', 'Atrial systole', 'Diastasis', 'Isovolumic contraction']","output":"Isovolumic contraction"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following statements about lepromin test is not true ?","input":"Choices: ['It is negative in most children in first 6 months of life', 'It is a diagnostic test', 'It is an impoant aid to classify type of leprosy disease', 'BCG vaccination may conve lepra reaction from negative to positive']","output":"It is a diagnostic test"} +{"instruction":"Antemoem blister differs from postmoem blister by","input":"Choices: ['Presence of Albumin & Chloride in blister fluid', 'Gas in blister', 'Dry hard surface of the floor of blister', 'Absence of hyperemia around the blister']","output":"Presence of Albumin & Chloride in blister fluid"} +{"instruction":"Not true about management of fat embolism syndrome","input":"Choices: ['Oxygen', 'Heparine', 'Streptokinase', 'Steroids']","output":"Streptokinase"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is an example of disorders of sex chromosomes ?","input":"Choices: [\"Marfan's syndrome\", 'Testicular feminization syndrome', \"Klinefelter's syndrome\", \"Down's syndrome\"]","output":"Klinefelter's syndrome"} +{"instruction":"A 7-month-old, partially immunized child presented with cough ending in characteristic whoop. Which of the following is considered the best type of specimen to isolate the organism and confirm the diagnosis?","input":"Choices: ['Nasopharyngeal swab', 'Cough plate culture', 'Tracheal-aspirates', 'Sputum']","output":"Nasopharyngeal swab"} +{"instruction":"A small Ca+2 binding protein that modifies the activity of many enzymes and other proteins in response to changes of Ca+2 concentration is known as:","input":"Choices: ['Cycline', 'Calmodulin', 'Collagen', 'Kinesin']","output":"Calmodulin"} +{"instruction":"Sullivan index denotes: September 2006","input":"Choices: ['Life expectancy at bih', 'Life expectancy excluding disability free period', 'Contraceptive failure rate', 'Hookworm density in stool']","output":"Life expectancy excluding disability free period"} +{"instruction":"All are true about femoral triangle, EXCEPT:","input":"Choices: ['Lateral margin is formed by saorius', 'Floor is formed by adductor longus', 'Contains the femoral vessels', 'None of the above']","output":"Floor is formed by adductor longus"} +{"instruction":"A cystic, painless swelling along the upper border of sternocleidomastoid muscle is most likely to be: March 2013 (b)","input":"Choices: ['Thyroglossal cyst', 'Branchial cyst', 'Cystic hygroma', 'Branchial fistula']","output":"Branchial cyst"} +{"instruction":"Lines of Blaschko represent –","input":"Choices: ['Lines along lymphatics', 'Lines along blood vessels', 'Lines along nerves', 'Lines of development']","output":"Lines of development"} +{"instruction":"According to Dardick's multicellular theory Pleomorphic adenoma arise from:","input":"Choices: ['Intercalated duct reserve cell.', 'Myoepithelial cell.', 'Both AB', 'Excretory duct reserve cell.']","output":"Both AB"} +{"instruction":"A 28-year-old female with folliculitis is not responsive to a 10-day treatment course with penicillin. An enzyme produced by the etiologic agent is most likely responsible for this treatment failure. At which site on the molecule shown does this enzyme act to destroy penicillin?","input":"Choices: ['1', '2', '3', '4']","output":"4"} +{"instruction":"Broca's motor speech area is present in","input":"Choices: ['Superior temporal gyrus', 'Precentral gyrus', 'Post central gyrus', 'Inferior frontal gyrus']","output":"Inferior frontal gyrus"} +{"instruction":"Peripheral smear of malaria shows:","input":"Choices: ['Single ring form-Vivax', 'Multiple ring-Falciparum', 'Bar and band forms-Malariae', 'Oval form-Ovale']","output":"Multiple ring-Falciparum"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following are not non absorbable sutures :","input":"Choices: ['Silk', 'Catgut', 'Metal', 'Nylon']","output":"Catgut"} +{"instruction":"If median nerve is injured at the wrist, then loss of function of all of the following muscles will take place, EXCEPT:","input":"Choices: ['Lumbrical muscles to the Index finger', 'Lumbrical muscles to the middle finger', 'Muscles of the thenar eminence', 'Abductor pollicis']","output":"Abductor pollicis"} +{"instruction":"Leading cause of death in CLL is?","input":"Choices: ['Infections', 'Bleeding', 'Meningeal and ventricular extension', 'DIC']","output":"Infections"} +{"instruction":"Complications of TPN are all Except","input":"Choices: ['Aspiration pneumonia', 'Hypokalemia', 'Hypoglycemia', 'Hyperglycemia']","output":"Aspiration pneumonia"} +{"instruction":"Orbital mucormycosis is a complication of","input":"Choices: ['AIDS', 'Steroid therapy', \"Cushing's disease\", 'Diabetic ketoacidosis']","output":"Diabetic ketoacidosis"} +{"instruction":"Which emphysema is associated with Alpha- 1 antitrypsin deficiency:","input":"Choices: ['Panacinar emphysema', 'Paraseptal emphysema', 'Centriacinar emphysema', 'Irregular emphysema']","output":"Panacinar emphysema"} +{"instruction":"Follwing are true of Paget's disease of breast except?","input":"Choices: ['Usually bilateral', 'Associated intraductual carcinoma', 'Prognosis good in absence of lump', 'Treatment simple mastectomy with axillary clearance']","output":"Usually bilateral"} +{"instruction":"Drug having proven efficacy in bipolar depression is:","input":"Choices: ['Carbamazepine', 'Valproate', 'Tiagabine', 'Lamotrigine']","output":"Lamotrigine"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is characteristic of alcohol withdrawal?","input":"Choices: ['Hallucination', 'Illusion', 'Delusion', 'Drowsiness']","output":"Hallucination"} +{"instruction":"PNH is associated with deficiency of:","input":"Choices: ['DAF (Decay accelerating factor)', 'MIRL (Membrane inhibitor of reactive lysis)', 'GPI Anchored Proteins (Glycosyl phosphatidyl Inositol anchored proteins)', 'LFA (Lymphocyte function associated antigen)']","output":"GPI Anchored Proteins (Glycosyl phosphatidyl Inositol anchored proteins)"} +{"instruction":"The organism most frequently related to mediastina fibrosis is","input":"Choices: ['Actinomycosis', 'Histoplasma', \"Hansen's bacillus\", 'Staphylococcus']","output":"Histoplasma"} +{"instruction":"All are endodermal in origin except ?","input":"Choices: ['Hepatocyte', 'Odontoblast', 'Alveolar lining cells', 'None']","output":"Odontoblast"} +{"instruction":"Cholera presents with symptoms mimicking: TN 10","input":"Choices: ['Arsenic poisoning', 'Dhatura poisoning', 'Barbiturate poisoning', 'Morphine poisoning']","output":"Arsenic poisoning"} +{"instruction":"Delivery of the after - coming head in breech presentation following forceps\/methods are used EXCEPT:","input":"Choices: [\"Wrigley's forceps\", \"Kielland's forceps\", \"Das's variety forceps\", 'Mauriceau smellie, veit technique']","output":"Wrigley's forceps"} +{"instruction":"In Tzanck smear multinucleated cells are seen in –","input":"Choices: ['Chicken pox', 'Psoriasis', 'Molluscum contagiosum', 'Pemphigus vulgaris']","output":"Chicken pox"} +{"instruction":"Metabolic disturbance seen with pyloric stenosis: March 2007, March 2013 (a, b, d, e)","input":"Choices: ['Hypokalemic hyponatremic alkalosis', 'Hyperkalemia', 'Hyperchloremic acidosis', 'Hypernatremia']","output":"Hypokalemic hyponatremic alkalosis"} +{"instruction":"The structure connecting the posterior surface of the lens to the capsule is called","input":"Choices: ['Hyaloideocapsular ligament of Weiger', 'Vitreous Base', \"Cloquets's canal\", 'Collagen fibers']","output":"Hyaloideocapsular ligament of Weiger"} +{"instruction":"How is the depth of curing and shade of the material related?","input":"Choices: ['Lighter shade requires more curing', 'Darker shade requires less curing', 'Lighter shade requires less curing', 'Both 1 and 2']","output":"Lighter shade requires less curing"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is NOT TRUE about primary HSV infections?","input":"Choices: ['Primarily affects the anterior portion of the mouth', 'Causes acute gingivits', 'Occurs as epidemic', 'Shows prodromal symptoms']","output":"Occurs as epidemic"} +{"instruction":"Diabetes mellitus is present in all except-a) Fanconis anemiab) Noonans syndromec) Ataxia telangiectasiad) Myotonic dystrophy","input":"Choices: ['ab', 'a', 'ad', 'bc']","output":"ab"} +{"instruction":"Which is not a branch of cavernous pa of internal carotid aery","input":"Choices: ['Cavernous branch', 'Inferior hypophyseal', 'Meningeal aery', 'Ophthalmic aery']","output":"Ophthalmic aery"} +{"instruction":"Most common malignant tumor of heart in children is-","input":"Choices: ['Rhabdomyoma', 'Rhabdomyosarcoma', 'Angiosarcoma', 'Lipoma']","output":"Rhabdomyosarcoma"} +{"instruction":"The exercise-induced hyperventilation during vigorrous exercise is produced due to the receptors present in","input":"Choices: ['Medulla oblongata', 'Lung parenchyma', 'Carotid bodies', 'Trachea and large bronchi']","output":"Carotid bodies"} +{"instruction":"Kreb's cycle and urea cycle are linked by-","input":"Choices: ['Succinate', 'Malate', 'a ketoglutarate', 'Fumarate']","output":"Fumarate"} +{"instruction":"Nausea, vomiting, blue line on gums, wrist\/foot drops, pallor, colic are manifestations of poisoning due to:-","input":"Choices: ['Mercury', 'Arsenic', 'Organic lead', 'Inorganic Lead']","output":"Inorganic Lead"} +{"instruction":"True regarding gypsum bonded investments is:","input":"Choices: ['After dehydration all forms of gypsum shrink between 200-400 degree Celsius.', 'Between 400-700 degree Celsius a slight expansion is noted.', 'Lateral shrinkage in gypsum is caused due to decomposition and release of sulphur dioxide.', 'All of the above']","output":"All of the above"} +{"instruction":"End product of glycolysis in RBC is","input":"Choices: ['Pyruvate', 'Lactic acid', 'Acetyl CoA', 'Oxaloacetate']","output":"Lactic acid"} +{"instruction":"Antinuclear-antibodies are present in what percentage of cases of SLE ?","input":"Choices: ['50%', '70%', '80%', 'More than 90%']","output":"More than 90%"} +{"instruction":"The first case introduced into the population group to be studied is called:","input":"Choices: ['Index case', 'Primary case', 'Initial case', 'Reference case']","output":"Primary case"} +{"instruction":"All of the following are causes of night blindness except","input":"Choices: ['Oguchi', 'Vitamin A deficiency', 'High myopia', 'Devics disease']","output":"Devics disease"} +{"instruction":"The following organism because of its easy culture methods is widely used as bacteriology indicator of water pollution-","input":"Choices: ['Foecal streptococci', 'Escherichia coli', 'Clostridium perfringes', 'Salmonella Typhi']","output":"Escherichia coli"} +{"instruction":"Exposure treatment in burns is done for","input":"Choices: ['Genitals', 'Limbs', 'Trunk', 'Head and neck']","output":"Head and neck"} +{"instruction":"Masochism means: TN 09","input":"Choices: ['Sexual intercourse with dead body', 'Sexual pleasure by contact with aicles of opposite sex', 'Sexual pleasure by suffering of pain', 'Sexual pleasure by self-stimulation']","output":"Sexual pleasure by suffering of pain"} +{"instruction":"20 year old patient presents with hypokalemia, alkalosis with normal blood pressure and no edema. the diagnosis is","input":"Choices: ['Bartter syndrome', 'Liddle syndrome', 'Glucocorticoids remediable aldosteronism', 'Apparent mineral ocorticoid excess syndrome']","output":"Bartter syndrome"} +{"instruction":"Pharyngeal tonsil develop from which pharyngeal pouch?","input":"Choices: ['First', 'Second', 'Third', 'Fouh']","output":"Second"} +{"instruction":"'Cotton-wool' appearance is seen in","input":"Choices: [\"Paget's disease\", 'Osteosclerosis', 'Periapical cemental dysplasia', 'Ossifying fibroma']","output":"Paget's disease"} +{"instruction":"Chronic graft rejection occurs due to what type of hypersensitivity reaction","input":"Choices: ['Type IV', 'Type III', 'Type II', 'Type I']","output":"Type IV"} +{"instruction":"Optimum orthodontic force should not exceed the:","input":"Choices: ['Arterial blood pressure', 'Venous blood pressure', 'Capillary blood pressure', 'Masticatory pressure']","output":"Capillary blood pressure"} +{"instruction":"Psammoma bodies show which type of calcification","input":"Choices: ['A. Metastatic', 'B. Dystrophic', 'C. Macrophages', 'D. Plasma cells']","output":"B. Dystrophic"} +{"instruction":"Peripheral neuritis induced by isoniazid is prevented by giving which vitamin along with it?","input":"Choices: ['Vitamin B1', 'Vitamin B6', 'Vitamin B3', 'Vitamin B12']","output":"Vitamin B6"} +{"instruction":"True pelvis refers to :","input":"Choices: ['Upper pa of pelvis', 'Lower pa of pelvis', 'Either of these', 'Neither']","output":"Lower pa of pelvis"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is NOT TRUE about meralgia paresthetica?","input":"Choices: ['Meralgia paresthetica consists of pain, tingling & numbness with weakness in the lateral aspect of thigh', 'It occur as a result of entrapment of the nerve in the fascia just medial to ASIS', 'It can also occur during Pregnancy when it remits spontaneously after pregnancy is completed', 'Treatment include nonspecific, analgesic, local hydrocoisone etc. sometimes surgical decompression']","output":"Meralgia paresthetica consists of pain, tingling & numbness with weakness in the lateral aspect of thigh"} +{"instruction":"A 40-year-old construction worker is pulled from the rubble after a building collapses and pins his right lower leg. X-rays in the emergency department reveal a comminuted fracture of the right tibia and fibula. The dorsal pedis and posterior tibial pulses are palpable. The patient complains of severe pain that is accentuated with dorsiflexion of the foot. The calf feels tense. What is the appropriate step?","input":"Choices: ['ORIF of fracture', 'ORIF of fracture plus three-compartment fasciotomy', 'Closed reduction and observation', 'ORIF only if pulses become weak']","output":"ORIF of fracture plus three-compartment fasciotomy"} +{"instruction":"Infection with colitis is caused by:","input":"Choices: ['Enterobius vermicularis', 'Trichuris trichiura', 'Strongyloides', 'Clonorchis']","output":"Trichuris trichiura"} +{"instruction":"All are manifestations of tuberous sclerosis, EXCEPT:","input":"Choices: ['Retinal hamaomas', 'Pulmonary lymphangioleiomyomatosis', 'Posterior embryotoxon', 'Renal angiomyolipomas']","output":"Posterior embryotoxon"} +{"instruction":"Tooth discoloration is due to:","input":"Choices: ['Acute pulpal abscess', 'Pulpal hyperemia', 'Pulpal death', 'None of the above']","output":"Pulpal death"} +{"instruction":"Patient presented with fever, coughing, headache. He developed rash on 3rd day, what is probable diagnosis ?","input":"Choices: ['Measles', 'Mumps', 'Small pox', 'Chicken pox']","output":"Measles"} +{"instruction":"Type 2 hypercholesterolemia occurs due to -","input":"Choices: ['Lipoprotein lipase deficiency', 'Absence of LDL receptors on cells', 'Abnormality in apo E', 'LCAT deficiency']","output":"Absence of LDL receptors on cells"} +{"instruction":"Which appendix pain is referred to suprapubic region with pain on internal rotation of hip -","input":"Choices: ['Pre ileal', 'Pelvic', 'Post ileal', 'Paracolic']","output":"Pelvic"} +{"instruction":"Diameter of the optic disc is –","input":"Choices: ['0.5 mm', '1.5 mm', '2.5mm', '3.5 mm']","output":"1.5 mm"} +{"instruction":"A 3-month-old boy is brought to the physician because his parents cannot find one of his testicles. Physical examination confirms the parents' observation. The patient develops a urogenital tumor 30 years later. An abdominal-pelvic CT scan reveals metastases to lumbar periaortic lymph nodes. Which of the following is the most likely pathologic diagnosis?","input":"Choices: ['Leydig cell tumor', 'Malignant lymphoma', 'Renal cell carcinoma', 'Seminoma']","output":"Seminoma"} +{"instruction":"Several weeks following a severe streptococcal sore throat, a 7-year-old boy develops acute glomerulonephritis with edema, hypeension, and hematuria. Which of the following best describes the propeies of the most likely causative organism?","input":"Choices: ['Alpha hemolytic, lysed by optochin', 'Alpha hemolytic, not lysed by optochin', 'Beta hemolytic, can grow in 40% bile and 6.5% sodium chloride', 'Beta hemolytic, inhibited by bacitracin']","output":"Beta hemolytic, inhibited by bacitracin"} +{"instruction":"Earliest symptom in corneal ulcer is:","input":"Choices: ['Loss of sensation', 'Diminished vision', 'Photophobia', 'Pain']","output":"Pain"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following virus does not cause conjunctivitis: March 2010","input":"Choices: ['CMV', 'Adenovirus', 'Herpes simplex virus', 'Picornavirus']","output":"CMV"} +{"instruction":"All are alkylating agents, except aEUR'","input":"Choices: ['5-FU', 'Melphalan', 'Cyclophosphamide', 'Chlorambucil']","output":"5-FU"} +{"instruction":"Swimming pool granuloma is caused by: March 2010","input":"Choices: ['Mycobacterium chelone', 'Mycobacterium kansasii', 'Mycobacterium marinum', 'Mycobacterium ulcerans']","output":"Mycobacterium marinum"} +{"instruction":"Drug given to reduce uterine contractions during preterm labour with least side effects:","input":"Choices: ['Ritodrine', 'Nifidipine', 'Magnessium sulphate', 'Progesterone']","output":"Nifidipine"} +{"instruction":"Fetal blood is separated from syncytiotrophoblast with all the following except :","input":"Choices: ['Fetal blood capillary membrane', 'Mesenchyme of intervillous blood space', 'Cytotrophoblast', 'Decidua parietalis']","output":"Decidua parietalis"} +{"instruction":"A lady presented with carcinoma endometrium involving >50% of myometrium extending to vagina and positive peritoneal cytology but no involvement of para aoic and preaoic nodes. What is the stage of disease ?","input":"Choices: ['Ill A', 'Ill B', 'Ill C1', 'Ill C2']","output":"Ill B"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following artery passes between the roots of the auriculotemporal nerve?","input":"Choices: ['Maxillary artery', 'Middle meningeal artery', 'Superficial temporal artery', 'Accessory meningeal artery']","output":"Middle meningeal artery"} +{"instruction":"Characteristics of normal distribution curve includes:","input":"Choices: ['Bell Shaped', 'Symmetrical', 'Mean=median=mode=0', 'All of the above']","output":"All of the above"} +{"instruction":"1 month old baby has microcephaly, hepatoslenomegaly. His urine stained with Giema shows owl's eye inclusion bodies. What is the diagnosis","input":"Choices: ['CMV', 'EBV', 'Herpes simplex', 'Varicella zoster']","output":"CMV"} +{"instruction":"Paradoxical aciduria (the excretion of acid urine in the presence of metabolic alkalosis) may occur in the presence of","input":"Choices: ['Release of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone', 'Severe crush injury', 'Acute tubular necrosis', 'Gastric outlet obstruction']","output":"Gastric outlet obstruction"} +{"instruction":"When gas-filled cysts are found in subserosa or submucosa of small intestine or colon, it is called","input":"Choices: ['Mesentric cyst', \"Crohn's disease\", 'Ulcerative colitis', 'Pneumatosis cystoids intestinalis']","output":"Pneumatosis cystoids intestinalis"} +{"instruction":"FALSE about lepromin test is:","input":"Choices: ['It is performed by injecting 0.1 ml of lepromin intradermally', 'If diameter of redness >10 mm, test is positive', 'It is a diagnostic test', 'The test is of great value in estimating prognosis in leprosy cases of all types']","output":"It is a diagnostic test"} +{"instruction":"The thyroid inhibitor with fastest mechanism of action is?","input":"Choices: ['Potassium iodide', 'Propylthiouracil', 'Carbimazole', 'Cholestyramine']","output":"Potassium iodide"} +{"instruction":"A 6-year-old child is brought by his new foster mother who was concerned that when she brushed his teeth last night she noticed that his tongue was red in certain distinct patterns. He has otherwise not been ill: The most likely diagnosis he has is:","input":"Choices: ['Kawasaki disease', 'Pyogenic granuloma of the tongue', 'Geographic tongue', 'Hairy tongue']","output":"Geographic tongue"} +{"instruction":"A 2 year old 70 kg child presents with limitation of abduction and internal rotation. On examination there is tenderness in scarpa's triangle. On flexing the hip the limb is abducted. What is the MOST likely diagnosis?","input":"Choices: ['Pehes disease', 'Slipped capital femoral epiphyses', 'Observation hip', 'Tuberculosis hip']","output":"Slipped capital femoral epiphyses"} +{"instruction":"Dyskeratosis is characteristic feature of ?","input":"Choices: [\"Darier's disease\", 'Pemphigus vulgaris', 'Psoriasis', 'Tinea capitis']","output":"Darier's disease"} +{"instruction":"In Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis, the characteristic abnormality seen is:","input":"Choices: ['Foamy macrophages', 'Giant cell', 'Plasma cell', \"Birbeck's granules\"]","output":"Birbeck's granules"} +{"instruction":"Punishment for gang rape is under","input":"Choices: ['376A IPC', '376B IPC', '376C IPC', '376D IPC']","output":"376D IPC"} +{"instruction":"All are true about Antigen drift except -","input":"Choices: ['It causes pandemic', 'Occurs due to mutation', 'Occurs frequently', 'Minor antigenic changes']","output":"It causes pandemic"} +{"instruction":"Keratometry is useful in measuring –","input":"Choices: ['Corneal curvature', 'Corneal thickness', 'Conical diameter', 'Depth of anterior chamber']","output":"Corneal curvature"} +{"instruction":"A 11-month-old child came for vaccination. He had received Polio vaccine & BCG at bih. What vaccines should be given to him now?","input":"Choices: ['BCG, OPV, Hep B', 'Measles, DPT, OPV, Hib, Hep B', 'DPT, OPV, Hib, Hep B', 'DPT, OPV, Hep B']","output":"Measles, DPT, OPV, Hib, Hep B"} +{"instruction":"True in Pancreas trauma","input":"Choices: ['Solitary involvement common', 'Blunt injury usual cause', 'Always surgery needed', 'Amylase in 90% cases']","output":"Amylase in 90% cases"} +{"instruction":"Maxillary posteriors proximally are","input":"Choices: ['Trapezoid', 'Rhomboid', 'Pentagonal', 'Triangular']","output":"Trapezoid"} +{"instruction":"Increased Alveolar arterial difference in PaO2 is seen in all except?","input":"Choices: ['COPD', 'Pulmonary Edema', 'GBS', 'Interstitial Lung Disease']","output":"GBS"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is the skeletal muscle relaxant of choice in liver and renal disease ?","input":"Choices: ['Mivacurium', 'Atracurium', 'Gallium', 'Vecuronium']","output":"Atracurium"} +{"instruction":"Salvage pathway of purine biosynthesis is impoant for ?","input":"Choices: ['Liver', 'RBCs', 'Kidney', 'Lung']","output":"RBCs"} +{"instruction":"All are true about serous cystadenoma of the ovary except:","input":"Choices: ['Bilateral', 'Unilateral', 'Concentric calcification', 'Multiloculated, sticky, gelatinous fluid']","output":"Multiloculated, sticky, gelatinous fluid"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following are acid fast positive with 20% sulphuric acid:","input":"Choices: ['M. avium', 'M. leprae', 'M. tuberculosis', 'Nocardia']","output":"M. tuberculosis"} +{"instruction":"Drug of choice for chronic myeloid leukemia:","input":"Choices: ['Imatinib', 'Methotrexate', 'Sunitinib', 'Cisplatin']","output":"Cisplatin"} +{"instruction":"Laparoscopy is contraindicated in:","input":"Choices: ['Ectopic pregnancy', 'PID', 'Endometriosis', 'Peritonitis']","output":"Peritonitis"} +{"instruction":"Contact period of chlorination ?","input":"Choices: ['1 hour', '30 minutes', '1 1\\\\\/2 hour', '2 hours']","output":"1 hour"} +{"instruction":"The following are the hallmarks of nephrotic syndrome in children except","input":"Choices: ['Gross hematuria', 'Hypoalbuminemia < 2.5 g\/dL', 'Severe proteinuria >2 gm\/m²\/day', 'Edema']","output":"Gross hematuria"} +{"instruction":"Oesophageal manometry is used in:","input":"Choices: ['Cancer esophagus', 'Barrett esophagus', 'Schatzki ring', 'Achalasia cardia']","output":"Achalasia cardia"} +{"instruction":"In anti retroviral therapy, Zidovudine should not be combined with:","input":"Choices: ['Lamivudine', 'Nevirapine', 'Didanosine', 'Stavudine']","output":"Stavudine"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is referred to as either physical barriers or physiologic processes (transport system) that separate the circulating blood from the brain extracellular fluid in the central nervous system (CNS)?","input":"Choices: ['Circle of Willis', 'Blood-brain barrier', 'Corticobulbar projections', 'Lateral corticospinal tract']","output":"Blood-brain barrier"} +{"instruction":"Point at which the ratio of K+ permeability to Na+ permeability (PK\/PNa) is the greatest.","input":"Choices: ['A', 'C', 'E', 'F']","output":"F"} +{"instruction":"Ideal contraceptive for newly married couple is :","input":"Choices: ['Barrier method', 'Combined OCP(hormonal)', 'IUCD', 'emergency contracepton']","output":"Combined OCP(hormonal)"} +{"instruction":"Shape of stab wound depends on -","input":"Choices: ['Edge of weapon', 'Shape of weapon', 'Width', 'All of the above']","output":"All of the above"} +{"instruction":"Which of the treatment modalities is associated with the lowest recurrence of peptic ulcer?","input":"Choices: ['Gastric resection', 'Vagotomy + drainage', 'Vagotomy + Antrectomy', 'Highly selective vagotomy']","output":"Vagotomy + Antrectomy"} +{"instruction":"Hurthle cells seen in -","input":"Choices: ['Papillary carcinoma', 'Hashimoto Thyroiditis', 'Granulomatous thyroiditis', 'Thyroglossai cyst']","output":"Hashimoto Thyroiditis"} +{"instruction":"True regarding fibroid uteri :","input":"Choices: ['Estrogen dependent tumor', 'Capsulated', 'Can lead to red degeneration in pregnancy for which urgent surgery is required', 'None']","output":"Estrogen dependent tumor"} +{"instruction":"Ponds fracture is most common in","input":"Choices: ['Children', 'Adult', 'Old age', 'No relation with age']","output":"Children"} +{"instruction":"False about risk factor for stroke is","input":"Choices: ['Diabetes', 'Anaemia', 'Heart failure', 'Alcohol']","output":"Anaemia"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is related to floor of middle ear -","input":"Choices: ['Round window', 'Internal carotid artery', 'Internal jugular vein', 'Tegmen tympani']","output":"Internal jugular vein"} +{"instruction":"In actinomycosis of the spine, the abscess usually erodes-","input":"Choices: ['Intervertebral disc', 'Into the pleural cavity', 'Into the reteroperitoneal space', 'Towards the skin']","output":"Towards the skin"} +{"instruction":"Visceral aneurysm is most commonly seen in -","input":"Choices: ['Splenic', 'Renal', 'Hepatic', 'Coronary']","output":"Splenic"} +{"instruction":"Refractive surgery most commonly performed formyopia ?","input":"Choices: ['Radial keratotomy', 'LASIK', 'Photorefractive keratectomy', 'Lensectomy']","output":"LASIK"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is associated with least common Suicidal tendencies","input":"Choices: ['Alone', 'Depression', 'Male', 'Married person']","output":"Married person"} +{"instruction":"The pain in the lateral thigh and pubic regions continues to be intense and unremitting. The patient is admitted to the hospital for observation and possible surgical intervention. Given this paicular pattern of renal colic and the anatomy of the renal system, it is suspected that a stone has stopped moving and is lodged.","input":"Choices: ['At the junction of the renal pelvis and ureter', 'Midureter as it passes beneath the gonadal vessels', 'At the pelvic brim', 'In the intramural poion of the ureter where it penetrates the bladder']","output":"At the pelvic brim"} +{"instruction":"The strength of gypsum products is generally expressed in terms of","input":"Choices: ['Tensile strength', 'Wet strength', 'Green strength', 'Compressive strength']","output":"Compressive strength"} +{"instruction":"M\/C used in Brachytheraphy of Carcinoma cervix:","input":"Choices: ['Radium-226', 'Cobalt-60', 'Gold-198', 'Caesiom-137']","output":"Caesiom-137"} +{"instruction":"Acceptable safe dose of radiation during pregnancy is","input":"Choices: ['0.5 rad', '1 rad', '2 rad', '5 rad']","output":"5 rad"} +{"instruction":"A patient presents in emergency in shock, with a history off fleshy mass protruding from vagina with heavy bleeding PV. She had history of delivery at home 1 hour back by a health worker with a history of difficulty in placental removal and 'Uterine handling'. Most probable diagnosis is?","input":"Choices: ['Atonic PPH', 'Uterine inversion', 'Fibroid polyp', 'Cervical tear']","output":"Uterine inversion"} +{"instruction":"Which is the most common cause of spherocytosis","input":"Choices: ['Hereditary spherocytosis', 'GCPD deficiency', 'AIHA', 'PNH']","output":"AIHA"} +{"instruction":"Highest transmission of hepatitis B from mother to fetus occurs, if the mother is infected during:","input":"Choices: ['1st trimester', 'IInd trimester', 'IIIrd trimester', 'At the time of implantation']","output":"IIIrd trimester"} +{"instruction":"Myocardial contractility is increased by:","input":"Choices: ['Atropine', 'Decreased end diastolic volume', 'Increased heart rate from 70 to 150 beats\/min', 'Reduced arterial pH to 7.3']","output":"Increased heart rate from 70 to 150 beats\/min"} +{"instruction":"On vigorous exercise, the respiratory function largely depends upon -","input":"Choices: ['Available of ADP', 'Available of substrate', 'Glycogen stores', 'Increased IP']","output":"Glycogen stores"} +{"instruction":"All of the following are treatments of multiple bilateral ethmoidal polyps except?","input":"Choices: ['Functional endoscopic sinus surgery', 'Intranasal ethmoidectomy', 'Extranasal ethmoidectomy', 'Caldwll Luc Surgery']","output":"Caldwll Luc Surgery"} +{"instruction":"During cardiac examination of a newborn infant, a murmur is detected, and the diagnosis of patent ductus aeriosus is made. Which of the following best describes the direction of blood flow through the patent ductus aeriosus in this infant?","input":"Choices: ['From aoa to left pulmonary aery', 'From aoa to left pulmonary vein', 'From aoa to right pulmonary aery', 'From left pulmonary aery to aoa']","output":"From aoa to left pulmonary aery"} +{"instruction":"Chalazion of lid is:","input":"Choices: ['Caseous necrosis', 'Chronic nonspecific inflammation', 'Chronic lipogranulomatous inflammation', 'Liposarcoma']","output":"Chronic lipogranulomatous inflammation"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following constituents of amalgam alloy decreases expansion","input":"Choices: ['Copper', 'Zinc', 'Silver', 'Tin']","output":"Tin"} +{"instruction":"Natural uncoupler is ?","input":"Choices: ['Thermogonin', '2, 4 nitrophenol', '2, 4 Dinitrophenol', 'Oligomycin']","output":"Thermogonin"} +{"instruction":"Normal residual volume is -","input":"Choices: ['500ml', '1200ml', '3000ml', '2400ml']","output":"1200ml"} +{"instruction":"Richest source of vitamin D is: September 2003","input":"Choices: ['Fish', 'Soyabean', 'Halibut liver oil', 'Vegetables']","output":"Halibut liver oil"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following histopathological findings is most commonly associated with COVID-19?","input":"Choices: ['Pulmonary fibrosis', 'Massive pulmonary hemorrhage', 'Diffuse alveolar damage', 'Changes of pulmonary aerial hypeension']","output":"Diffuse alveolar damage"} +{"instruction":"Sodium 2-mercapto ethane sulfonate is used as a protective agent in:","input":"Choices: ['Radiotherapy', 'Cancer chemotherapy', 'Lithotripsy', 'Hepatic encephalopathy']","output":"Cancer chemotherapy"} +{"instruction":"Wrong statement is –","input":"Choices: ['Mees line in arsenic poisoning', 'Pterygium of nails in Lichen planus', 'Onycholysis in Psoriasis', 'Koilonychia in Megaloblastic Anemia (B12 def)']","output":"Koilonychia in Megaloblastic Anemia (B12 def)"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following vessels do not take pa in the Circle of Willis?","input":"Choices: ['Anterior cerebral', 'Middle cerebral', 'Posterior cerebral', 'Posterior communicating']","output":"Middle cerebral"} +{"instruction":"Musculocutaneous nerve pierces which one of the following muscle?","input":"Choices: ['Brachialis', 'Corachobrachialis', 'Biceps muscle', 'Brachioradialis']","output":"Corachobrachialis"} +{"instruction":"A baby is born with fused eyes, single nasal chamber and undeveloped callosum. What is diagnosis?","input":"Choices: ['Holoprosencephaly', 'Schizencephaly', 'Plagiocephaly', 'Brachycephaly']","output":"Holoprosencephaly"} +{"instruction":"5 year old child with pseudomembrane in throat, fever, sore throat, organism is ?","input":"Choices: ['Comma shaped gram negative bacilli', 'Club shaped gram positive bacilli', 'Spore forming gram positive bacilli', 'Filamentous gram positive bacilli']","output":"Club shaped gram positive bacilli"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following will produce the most rigid restoration for framework of same dimension?","input":"Choices: ['Wrought alloy', 'Palladium alloys', 'Cobalt-chrome alloys', 'Partial denture casting gold in hardened condition']","output":"Cobalt-chrome alloys"} +{"instruction":"Increase in Pauwel's angle indicate -","input":"Choices: ['Good prognosis', 'Impaction', 'More chances of displacement', 'Trabecular aligmnent disrupted']","output":"More chances of displacement"} +{"instruction":"The classic triad of brucellosis include all, except","input":"Choices: ['Fever with profuse night sweats', 'Meningoencephalitis', 'Ahralgia', 'Hepatosplenomegaly']","output":"Meningoencephalitis"} +{"instruction":"Glycogenin primer is glucosylated by:","input":"Choices: ['UDP Glucose', 'Glucose 1 PO4', 'UDP Glucose 1 PO4', 'UDP Glucose 6 PO4']","output":"UDP Glucose"} +{"instruction":"Nerve commonly involved in fracture distal shaft of the Humerus is:","input":"Choices: ['Radial', 'Medial', 'Ulnar', 'Circumflex brachial nerve']","output":"Radial"} +{"instruction":"What is the percent of total energy ratio supplied by fish protein (PE % Kcal) -","input":"Choices: ['20', '40', '60', '80']","output":"80"} +{"instruction":"The most common congenital anomaly of the pancreas","input":"Choices: ['Pancreatic divisum', 'Pancreatic cysts', 'Ectopic pancreas', 'Inversion of pancreatic ducts']","output":"Pancreatic divisum"} +{"instruction":"A 25 year old female patient history of 6 months, altered sensorium, involuntary rnovements,memory deficit, headache convulsions, abnormal movements, forgetfulness, 4 attack during day, 2 attack at night. CT normal :","input":"Choices: ['Epilepsy', 'Dissociative disorder', 'Hypochiondriasis', 'Somatization disorder']","output":"Epilepsy"} +{"instruction":"Best Imaging Modality for Pehes disease is?","input":"Choices: ['X ray', 'USG', 'CT', 'MRI']","output":"MRI"} +{"instruction":"A patient presents with secondaries to the adrenals. The most common site of primary is -","input":"Choices: ['Lung', 'Kidney', 'Breast', 'Stomach']","output":"Lung"} +{"instruction":"A neurosurgeon saw a child with precocious pubey and uncontrollable laughing. He suggested the parent of child to get a MRI done to evaluate for the possibility of?","input":"Choices: ['Craniopharyngioma', 'Hypothalamic Hamaoma', 'Pheochromocytoma', 'Pituitary adenoma']","output":"Hypothalamic Hamaoma"} +{"instruction":"Hypopigmentation is\/are seen in:","input":"Choices: ['Vitiligo', 'Pityriasis versicolor', 'Lichen planus', 'Melasma']","output":"Pityriasis versicolor"} +{"instruction":"All of the following are true regarding typhoid except-","input":"Choices: ['Urinary carriers are more dangerous', 'Vi ab is used for detecting carrier', 'Vi is seen in normal population', 'Urine carrier is associated with anomalies']","output":"Vi is seen in normal population"} +{"instruction":"A patient of yours has a history of multiple substance abuses. She is now pregnant again and tells you that she has a little boy that is 2 years old who is slow in school and has difficulty concentrating. Which of the following substances has been associated with behavioral and developmental abnormalities in children?","input":"Choices: ['Tobacco', 'Cocaine', 'Caffeine', 'Marijuana']","output":"Tobacco"} +{"instruction":"Ferning of cervical mucus disappears after the following day of menstrual cycle:","input":"Choices: ['7th', '15th', '18th', '21st']","output":"21st"} +{"instruction":"Congenital Wilson's disease is characterized by","input":"Choices: ['KF ring is present at bih', 'May present as acute hepatitis', 'Decreased Urinary copper excretion', 'Decreased hapatic copper concentration']","output":"May present as acute hepatitis"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following childhood disorder improves with increase in age _________","input":"Choices: ['Conduct disorder', 'Emotional problems', 'Temper tantrum', 'Sleep disorder']","output":"Temper tantrum"} +{"instruction":"A 9-years-old female child presented with polyuria, polydipsia and metabolic acidosis. On slit lamp examination crystal deposits are seen in cornea. What is the diagnosis?","input":"Choices: ['Cystinuria', 'Cystinosis', 'Cystothioninuria', 'Homocysteinuria']","output":"Cystinosis"} +{"instruction":"Q. Which of the following true regarding the following two curves (Blue and red) overall?","input":"Choices: ['Mean = Median = Mode', 'Mean = Median, not equal to Mode', 'Mean = Mode, not equal to Median', 'Mean, Median and Mode are not equal']","output":"Mean = Median, not equal to Mode"} +{"instruction":"A 25 yr old man came to emergency depament after A. On CXR, multiple ribs fractures were visible. On physical examination, blood pressure was 80\/60 mmHg and hea rate 150\/min. Patient was restless, and tachypneic with jugular veins distended. On auscultation, air entry equal on both sides, hea sounds very soft or inaudible. What is the immediate step of management?","input":"Choices: ['Needle inseion in 5th ICS', 'Echo guided Pericardiocentesis', 'Intercostal tube drainage on both sides', 'IV fluids for Hypotension']","output":"Echo guided Pericardiocentesis"} +{"instruction":"A sixty five year old lady presents with a long standing history of pain and swelling in her right knee. Pain is significantly interfering with her activities of daily living. Radiological evaluation shows grade III changes of osteoahritis. Which of the following is the recommended line of management?","input":"Choices: ['Conservative management', 'Ahroscopic lavage\/washout', 'Paial knee replacement', 'Total knee replacement']","output":"Total knee replacement"} +{"instruction":"Zika Virus is transmitted by","input":"Choices: ['Anopheles', 'Culex', 'Aedes', 'Mansonia']","output":"Aedes"} +{"instruction":"Following are the common histological types of baholingland carcinoma except?","input":"Choices: ['Adenocarcinoma', 'Squamous cell carcinoma', 'Adenosquamous carcinoma', 'Transitional cell carcinoma']","output":"Transitional cell carcinoma"} +{"instruction":"Parietal peritoneum is lined by","input":"Choices: ['Simple squamous', 'Stratified squamous', 'Cuboidal', 'Columnar']","output":"Simple squamous"} +{"instruction":"Cause of Farmer's lung-","input":"Choices: ['Cotton dust', 'Grain dust', 'Sugarcane dust', 'Iron']","output":"Grain dust"} +{"instruction":"The legal responsibilities of an intoxicated person is given under Section______ of IPC:","input":"Choices: ['82', '83', '84', '85']","output":"85"} +{"instruction":"Carbamazepine in elderly causes:","input":"Choices: ['Hypernatremia', 'Hyponatremia', 'Hyperkalemia', 'Hypokalemia']","output":"Hyponatremia"} +{"instruction":"Small size placenta is seen in ?","input":"Choices: ['Peripheral vascular disease in mother', 'Pre eclampsia', 'Maternal weight < 50 Kg', 'Multiple pregnancy']","output":"Pre eclampsia"} +{"instruction":"About dermatophytes all are true execpt","input":"Choices: ['Candida albicans usually cause systemic infection', 'Dermatophytes involve superficial layers of skin', \"Microsporum doesn't involve nail\", \"Epidermophyte doesn't involve hair\"]","output":"Candida albicans usually cause systemic infection"} +{"instruction":"Septum secundum arises from:","input":"Choices: ['Bulbus cordis', 'Primitive ventricle', 'Primitive atrium', 'Sinus venosus']","output":"Primitive atrium"} +{"instruction":"The capacity of a bullet to cause maximum destruction lies in its:","input":"Choices: ['Size', 'Shape', 'Weight', 'Velocity']","output":"Velocity"} +{"instruction":"A female is in 3rd trimester of pregnancy came to OPD with the following skin lesions. Diagnosis is?","input":"Choices: ['Melasma', 'Urticaria', 'Nevus of ITO', 'Chloasma']","output":"Chloasma"} +{"instruction":"The RBC morphology in a peripheral blood smear in thalassemia trait resembles that of -","input":"Choices: ['Vitamin B12 deficiency anemia', 'Folate deficiency anemia', 'Hereditary spherocytosis', 'Iron deficiency anemia']","output":"Iron deficiency anemia"} +{"instruction":"If a patient with a suspected fracture of the pelvis has some bleeding from the urethra and is unable to pass urine. What should be the next appropriate step in the management?","input":"Choices: ['He should be encouraged to pass urine after being given antibiotics and analgesics', 'He should be immediately catheterized in the ward', 'A hot water bottle should be given followed by injection of carbachol', 'He should be prepared for surgery and catheterization attempted in the O.T.']","output":"He should be prepared for surgery and catheterization attempted in the O.T."} +{"instruction":"The most common explanation for fetal tachycardia is -","input":"Choices: ['Maternal administration of parasympathetic or sympathomimetic drugs', 'Maternal fever from amnionitis', 'Fetal cardiac defects', 'Cardiac arrhythmias']","output":"Maternal fever from amnionitis"} +{"instruction":"If rapidly progressive cancers are missed by a screening test, which type of bias will occur?","input":"Choices: ['Lead-time bias', 'Length bias', 'Selection bias', 'Surveillance bias']","output":"Length bias"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is an extrinsic membrane of the larynx?","input":"Choices: ['Quadrangular membrane', 'Thyrohyoid membrane', 'Cricothyroid membrane', 'Conus elasticus']","output":"Thyrohyoid membrane"} +{"instruction":"Lymphatics are found in -","input":"Choices: ['Brain', 'Choroid', 'Internal ear', 'Dermis of skin']","output":"Dermis of skin"} +{"instruction":"An 8 year old child has shown of lack of interest in studies for last 6 months. He has frequent quarrels with his parents and has frequent headaches as anexcuse to avoid school. What would be the most appropriate clinical diagnosis in this patient?","input":"Choices: ['Rule out migraine', 'Rule out depression', 'Rule out an oppositional defiant disorder', 'Leave him as normal adolescent problem']","output":"Rule out an oppositional defiant disorder"} +{"instruction":"\\r\\nWhat is the ICRP (International Commission on Radiological Protection) recommended genetic dose of radiation exposure for general population?","input":"Choices: ['5 rems over a period of 30 years', '30 rems over a period of 30 years', '5 rems over a period of 5 years', '30 rems over a period of 5 years']","output":"5 rems over a period of 30 years"} +{"instruction":"Cysteine is synthesized from -","input":"Choices: ['Methionine', 'Arginine', 'Histidine', 'Lysine']","output":"Methionine"} +{"instruction":"A patient present with pedal oedema with Water- hammer pulse. What is the diagnosis?","input":"Choices: ['B1 deficiency', 'B3 deficiency', 'B6 deficiency', 'B12 deficiency']","output":"B1 deficiency"} +{"instruction":"Retinitis pigmentosa is characterized by ?","input":"Choices: ['Central scotoma', 'Centrocaecal scotoma', 'Tubular vision', 'Isopteric contraction']","output":"Tubular vision"} +{"instruction":"Outer epithelium of cornea is derived from?","input":"Choices: ['Mesoderm', 'Endoderm', 'Surface ectoderm', 'Neural ectoderm']","output":"Surface ectoderm"} +{"instruction":"Simple partial motor seizure is diagnosed by the following","input":"Choices: ['MRI', 'CT scan', 'EEG', 'BEAR']","output":"EEG"} +{"instruction":"Person is not able look down. Which extra ocular muscle is affected:","input":"Choices: ['Superior oblique', 'Inferior oblique', 'Superior rectus', 'Lateral rectus']","output":"Superior oblique"} +{"instruction":"Mosaic pattern of lamellar bone histology is found in","input":"Choices: ['Osteopetrosis', 'Osteoid Osteoid', 'Osteitis deformans', 'Osteomalacia']","output":"Osteitis deformans"} +{"instruction":"The benefits of stopping smoking before surgery are all except","input":"Choices: ['Better wound healing', 'Better mucociliary clearance', 'Better bone healing', 'Less risk of malignancies associated with smoking']","output":"Less risk of malignancies associated with smoking"} +{"instruction":"Not an absolute contraindication for corneal transplantation is","input":"Choices: ['Subacute Sclerosing panencephalitis', 'Rabies', 'Tubercular meningitis', 'Death due to unknown cause']","output":"Tubercular meningitis"} +{"instruction":"A 19-year-old football player was hit on the lateral side of his knee just as he put that foot on the ground.Unable to walk without assistance, he is taken to the hospital. An MRI examination reveals a torn medial collateral ligament. Which structure would most likely also be injured due to its attachment to this ligament?,","input":"Choices: ['Medial meniscus', 'Anterior cruciate ligament', 'Lateral meniscus', 'Posterior cruciate ligament']","output":"Medial meniscus"} +{"instruction":"A 74-year-old woman has noted increasing size and number of darker brown patches on the dorsum of each hand for the past 15 years. They do not change with sun exposure, are nonpruritic, and non-tender. On examination, these 0.5- to 1-cm lightly pigmented lesions are flat. Which of the following is the most likely microscopic finding in these lesions?","input":"Choices: ['Basal melanocytic hyperplasia', 'Dermal nevus cells', 'Loss of melanin in surrounding skin', 'Mast cell proliferation']","output":"Basal melanocytic hyperplasia"} +{"instruction":"Oral contraceptive pills can cause all except:","input":"Choices: ['Mastalgia', 'Dysmenorrhea', 'Chloasma', 'Breakthrough bleeding']","output":"Dysmenorrhea"} +{"instruction":"Breast Ca is not a\/w -","input":"Choices: ['BRCA 1 & BRCA 2', 'Apocrine metaplasia', 'Atypical ductal hyperplasia', 'All']","output":"Apocrine metaplasia"} +{"instruction":"Best marker of SLE is?","input":"Choices: ['Anti-La', 'Anti Sm antibodies', 'Anti-ds DNA antibodies', 'Anti-Histone antibodies']","output":"Anti-ds DNA antibodies"} +{"instruction":"What is the size of ideal mosquito net ?","input":"Choices: ['0.575 mm in one dimension', '0.0475 mm in any dimension', '0.475 mm in one dimension and 0.575 in other dimension', '0.575 in both dimensions']","output":"0.0475 mm in any dimension"} +{"instruction":"A fracture of eye by a ping pong bolt is:","input":"Choices: ['Blow out fracture', 'Orbital fracture', 'Blow in fracture', 'Compound fracture']","output":"Blow out fracture"} +{"instruction":"Cerebellar coex contains","input":"Choices: ['Pyramidal cells', 'Purkinje cells', 'Stromal cells', 'Kupffer cells']","output":"Purkinje cells"} +{"instruction":"Mc Ardle's disease is due to deficiency of?","input":"Choices: ['Gluc-1,Phosphatase', 'Gluc-1,6diphosphatase', 'Gluc-6,Phosphatase', 'Myophosphorylase']","output":"Myophosphorylase"} +{"instruction":"Rideal - walker test is used to compare the efficiency of a disinfectant with that of phenol for the ability to kill","input":"Choices: ['S typhi', 'S paratyphi', 'Pseudomonas', 'E.coli']","output":"S typhi"} +{"instruction":"A person has poor performance in front of his seniors in public place, has tachycardia when he has to deliver a lecture, avoids going to parties. The diagnosis is -","input":"Choices: ['Panic disorder', 'Schizophrenia', 'Social phobia', 'Avoidant personality']","output":"Social phobia"} +{"instruction":"Hydatid disease is caused by","input":"Choices: ['Echinococcus', 'Hymenolepis', 'Diphyllobothrium', 'Taenia']","output":"Echinococcus"} +{"instruction":"Sternocleidomastoid is not supplied by:","input":"Choices: ['Occipital Aery', 'Superior thyroid Aery', 'Post Auricular Aery', 'Thyrocervical trunk']","output":"Post Auricular Aery"} +{"instruction":"Temporary and permanent hardness of water is removed by -","input":"Choices: ['Boiling', 'Addition of lime', 'Permutit method', 'All']","output":"Permutit method"} +{"instruction":"Which one of the following is a subcortical dementia?","input":"Choices: [\"Alzheimer's disease\", \"Huntington's chorea\", 'Normal pressure Hydrocephalus', 'Vit B12 deficiency']","output":"Huntington's chorea"} +{"instruction":"Use of ergotamine is contraindicated in -","input":"Choices: ['DM', 'Aemia', 'Ischemic hea disease', 'Postpaum haemorrhage']","output":"Ischemic hea disease"} +{"instruction":"Inhaling the cloth soaked in drug is","input":"Choices: ['Bagging', 'Spraying', 'Huffing', 'Sniffing']","output":"Huffing"} +{"instruction":"Fast breathing in a 6-month old infant is taken as","input":"Choices: ['>60 breaths\/ min', '>50 breaths\/ min', '>40 breaths\/ min', '>30 breaths\/ min']","output":">50 breaths\/ min"} +{"instruction":"Most common, and most serious cause of infection by pseudomonas is seen in patients with","input":"Choices: ['Burns', 'Neutropenia', 'Catheterization', 'None of the above']","output":"Burns"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following impression materials is easy to pour and difficult to remove the stone cast from the impressions?","input":"Choices: ['Addition polysilicone', 'Condensation polysilicone', 'Polyether', 'Polysulfide']","output":"Polyether"} +{"instruction":"Laboratory test of ANUG is:","input":"Choices: ['Complement fixation', 'Dark field examination', 'Tissue culture', 'Animal inoculation']","output":"Dark field examination"} +{"instruction":"A person has defective blue colour appreciation. His condition is better named as -","input":"Choices: ['Deuteranomalous', 'Deuteranopia', 'Tritanopia', 'Tritanomalous']","output":"Tritanomalous"} +{"instruction":"In which of the following conditions that cause polycythemia is the serum erythropoietin extremely low -","input":"Choices: ['Dehydration', 'Renal cell carcinoma', 'Renal cell carcinoma', 'Polycythemia vera']","output":"Polycythemia vera"} +{"instruction":"Gas gangrene is caused by: March 2012","input":"Choices: ['Clostridium welchii', 'Clostridium tetani', 'Clostridium botulinum', 'Clostridium difficile']","output":"Clostridium welchii"} +{"instruction":"Which one of the following is a cholestatic drug ?","input":"Choices: ['Erythromycin', 'Phenothiazines', 'Oral contraceptives', 'All of the above']","output":"All of the above"} +{"instruction":"Commonest histological finding in benign hypeension is","input":"Choices: ['proliferating endaeritis', 'Necrotising aeriolitis', 'Hyaline aeriosclerosis', 'Cystic medial necrosis']","output":"Hyaline aeriosclerosis"} +{"instruction":"In gingival bleeding index given by Ainamo and Bay, positive score is taken at what time after appearance of bleeding on probing?","input":"Choices: ['10 Sec.', '20 Sec.', '30 Sec.', '40 Sec']","output":"10 Sec."} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is a network analysis technique regarding health management?","input":"Choices: ['PE', 'Cost benefit analysis', 'Cost effective analysis', 'Systems analysis']","output":"PE"} +{"instruction":"In an ablated animal, myeloid series cells are injected. Which of following is seen after incubation period","input":"Choices: ['RBCs', 'Fibroblasts', 'T lymphocytes', 'Hematopoetic stem cells']","output":"RBCs"} +{"instruction":"A 5-day-old child presents with intractable seizures. He had rashes all over the body. Blood examination showed hyperammonemia and lactic acidosis. The probable diagnosis is –","input":"Choices: ['Organic aciduria', 'Mitochondrial encephalopathy with lactic aciduria', 'Phenylketonuria', 'Urea cycle enzyme deficiency']","output":"Organic aciduria"} +{"instruction":"A person developed severe vomiting after eating food from chinese restaurant, 3 hours before. Most likely causative agent is:","input":"Choices: ['Staph. aureus', 'B. cereus', 'C. difficle', 'Pseudomonas']","output":"B. cereus"} +{"instruction":"Commonest carcinoma in elderly male is -","input":"Choices: ['Stomach', 'Lung', 'Esophagus', 'Prostate']","output":"Prostate"} +{"instruction":"Whip lash injury occurs in","input":"Choices: ['Pedestrian hit from front', 'Pedestrian hit from behind', 'Occupant of a car', 'Any of the above']","output":"Occupant of a car"} +{"instruction":"The activity of procaine is terminated by:","input":"Choices: ['Elimination by kidney', 'Storage in the adipose tissue', 'Metabolism in the liver only', 'Metabolism in the liver and by pseudo-cholinesterase in the plasma']","output":"Metabolism in the liver and by pseudo-cholinesterase in the plasma"} +{"instruction":"Process by which an individual gradually aquires culture and becomes a member of a social group is called?","input":"Choices: ['Socialization', 'Accultration', 'Socialism', 'Custom']","output":"Socialization"} +{"instruction":"The diagnostic feature that differentiates PTSD from other disorders that occur following a stressful incident is :","input":"Choices: ['Episodic occurrence of symptoms', 'Severe anxiety and autonomic arousal', 'Re - experiencing and avoidance of trauma', 'Nightmares about the event']","output":"Re - experiencing and avoidance of trauma"} +{"instruction":"Iodine comes in iodine salt. Req uirm en t at production and consumer level respectively -","input":"Choices: ['20 & 10 PPNI', '30 & 10 PPM', '30& 15 PPM', '30 & 20 PPM']","output":"30& 15 PPM"} +{"instruction":"If the grading of diabetes is classified as \"mild\", \"moderate\" and \"severe\" the scale of measurement used is -","input":"Choices: ['interval', 'Nominal', 'Ordinal', 'Ratio']","output":"Ordinal"} +{"instruction":"You are asked to help consult on a study which was recently completed in coastal African country. In this study, a total of 274 soldiers stationed in three different camps were examined and tested for the presence of bacterial sexually transmitted diseases (STD) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positivity. In addition to the information from the clinical exam and laboratory specimens, interviews were conducted to gather information on age, years of military service, ethnicity, and region of origin. The data are now to be analyzed to learn which factors were associated with the presence of STDs, including HIV. What is the most accurate description of this study design?","input":"Choices: ['A case-control study', 'A coho study', 'A clinical trial', 'A cross-sectional study']","output":"A cross-sectional study"} +{"instruction":"A 69-year-old man is given a multivitamin containing vitamin B12. He feels well, reports no symptoms, and his physical examination is normal. His CBC is completely normal. Which of the following is most characteristic of vitamin B12 absorption?","input":"Choices: ['totally dependent on the intrinsic factor', 'best in the duodenum', 'improved in folic acid deficiency', 'best in the distal ileum']","output":"best in the distal ileum"} +{"instruction":"Cause of death in diabetic ketoacidosis in children","input":"Choices: ['Cerebral edema', 'Hypokalemia', 'Infection', 'Acidosis']","output":"Cerebral edema"} +{"instruction":"A young man develops gross heamaturia 3 days after an attack of UI; likely renal pathology is:","input":"Choices: ['Acute glomerulonephritis', 'Minimal change disease', 'IgA nephropathy', 'Membranous glomerulonephritis']","output":"IgA nephropathy"} +{"instruction":"Theoretically, Gonococcal vaginitis can be seen:","input":"Choices: ['In puberty', 'In newborn females', 'In reproductive age females', 'Sex workers']","output":"In newborn females"} +{"instruction":"The earliest symptom in primary biliary cirrhosis is -","input":"Choices: ['Jaundice', 'Pruritus', 'Melanosis', 'Vomiting']","output":"Pruritus"} +{"instruction":"The clasp most often used on the mandibular bicuspids when the most favorable retentive undercut is on the distobuccal surface adjacent to edentulous area is","input":"Choices: ['Ring clasp', 'Reverse loop clasp', 'Simple circlet clasp', 'Reverse approach circlet clasp']","output":"Reverse approach circlet clasp"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is a Class Ib drug?","input":"Choices: ['Encainide', 'Flecainide', 'Lidocaine', 'Moricizine']","output":"Lidocaine"} +{"instruction":"Antigen presentating cells are which of the following","input":"Choices: ['Astrocytes', 'Endothelial cells', 'Epithelial cells', 'Langerhans cells']","output":"Endothelial cells"} +{"instruction":"All of the following calcify except –","input":"Choices: ['Medulloblastoma', 'Sturge weber syndrome', 'Meningioma', 'Ependymoma']","output":"Medulloblastoma"} +{"instruction":"PCR requires","input":"Choices: ['Primer', 'DNA Polymerase', 'De-oxyribonucleotide phosphate', 'Di-oxyribonucleotide phosphate']","output":"Primer"} +{"instruction":"A 15-year-old girl was admitted to the infectious disease hospital with a provisional diagnosis of rabies. The most suitable clinical sample that can confirm the antemoem diagnosis is -","input":"Choices: ['Serum for anti-rabies IgG antibody', 'Corneal impression smear for immunofluorescence stain', 'CSF sample for viral culture', 'Giemsa stain on smear prepared from salivary secretions']","output":"Corneal impression smear for immunofluorescence stain"} +{"instruction":"Hypnogogic hallucinations are seen in ?","input":"Choices: ['Depression', 'Mania', 'Narcolepsy', 'Schizophrenia']","output":"Narcolepsy"} +{"instruction":"The major disadvantage of pressure control ventilation(PCV) is-","input":"Choices: ['Variable alveolar volume when lung compliance decreases', 'Patient discomfo', 'Barotrauma', 'Controlled peak alveolar pressure']","output":"Variable alveolar volume when lung compliance decreases"} +{"instruction":"A diabetic male presents with hypeension and 24-h urine showing 200 mg of albumin. In a diabetic patient with microalbuminuria, the appropriate drug for treatment of hypeension to prevent progression of renal failure is","input":"Choices: ['Beta blocker', 'Thiazide diuretic', 'Angiotensin conveing enzyme inhibitor', 'Sho-acting dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker for precise control (nifedipine)']","output":"Angiotensin conveing enzyme inhibitor"} +{"instruction":"In which of the following pervasive developmental disorder only one modality is impaired, others are normal -","input":"Choices: ['Autism', 'Asperger syndrome', 'Rett syndrome', 'All of the above']","output":"Asperger syndrome"} +{"instruction":"Buttressing bone formation is a","input":"Choices: ['Process which is always peripheral', 'Occurs normally', 'Occurs when excessive occlusal forces are present', 'Process which is always endosteal']","output":"Occurs when excessive occlusal forces are present"} +{"instruction":"All of the following are seen in inflammatory polyarthritis, except -","input":"Choices: ['New bone formation', 'Spontaneous flare', 'Increased ESR', 'Morning stiffness more than one hour']","output":"New bone formation"} +{"instruction":"Hyoglossus muscle inserts into","input":"Choices: ['Tip of the tongue', 'Base of the tongue', 'Lateral part of the tongue', 'Hyoid bone']","output":"Lateral part of the tongue"} +{"instruction":"Flask shaped heart is seen in –","input":"Choices: ['Ebstein anomaly', 'Pericardial effusion', 'TOF', 'TAPVC']","output":"Pericardial effusion"} +{"instruction":"Reamers and files differ mainly in:","input":"Choices: ['Cross sectional form', 'Colour coding', 'Number of flutes along the blade', 'Instrument formula']","output":"Number of flutes along the blade"} +{"instruction":"Preventive Resin Restoration are indicated in","input":"Choices: ['Non cavitated pit and fissures', 'Deep caries to prevent progress of lesion', 'Cavitated fissures which require restoration', 'Wide cavity to prevent cusp fracture']","output":"Cavitated fissures which require restoration"} +{"instruction":"Common features of melanoma, which of the following is not the pa of mnemonic ABCDE?","input":"Choices: ['Border Irregularity', 'Asymmetric outline', 'Variation in color', 'Diameter < 6 mm']","output":"Diameter < 6 mm"} +{"instruction":"Lithium is used in a pregnant woman. Which of the following congenital anomaly occurs in foetus -","input":"Choices: [\"Tetralogy of Fallot's\", 'Tricuspid atresia', 'Ebstein anomaly', 'Pulmonary stenosis']","output":"Ebstein anomaly"} +{"instruction":"Gettler test detects: NEET 14","input":"Choices: ['Diatoms in drowning', 'Chloride content of blood in drowning', 'Weight of lungs in drowning', 'Magnesium content of blood in drowning']","output":"Chloride content of blood in drowning"} +{"instruction":"The Normal value of P02 in healthy man is :","input":"Choices: ['45 mm Hg', '110 mm Hg', '80 mm Hg', '60 mm Hg']","output":"80 mm Hg"} +{"instruction":"Most common psychiatric disorder after stroke is?","input":"Choices: ['Anxiety', 'Depression', 'Mania', 'Bipolar disorder']","output":"Depression"} +{"instruction":"Most common type of hypospadias?","input":"Choices: ['Glandular', 'Coronal', 'Penile', 'Perineal']","output":"Glandular"} +{"instruction":"A 63-year-old woman presents with symptoms of palpitations and atrial flutter on the ECG. Which of the following is the most likely mechanism of this arrhythmia?","input":"Choices: ['atrial asystole', 'atrial bigeminy', 'right atrial macro-reentry', 'AV nodal reentry']","output":"right atrial macro-reentry"} +{"instruction":"Hand cutting instruments are composed of","input":"Choices: ['Handle and blade', 'Handle, shank and blade', 'Shank and blade', 'Handle, shank and head']","output":"Handle, shank and blade"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is the safety muscle of tongue?","input":"Choices: ['Genioglossus', 'Hyoglossus', 'Palatoglossus', 'Styloglossus']","output":"Genioglossus"} +{"instruction":"In which one of the following head and neck cancer, perineural invasion is most commonly seen:","input":"Choices: ['Adenocarcinoma', 'Adenoid cystic carcinoma', 'Basal cell carcinoma', 'Squamous cell carcinoma']","output":"Adenoid cystic carcinoma"} +{"instruction":"Rasmussen's aneurysm is seen in:","input":"Choices: ['Bronchial artery', 'Pulmonary', 'Vertebral artery', 'Internal carotid artery']","output":"Pulmonary"} +{"instruction":"Low serum haptoglobin in hemolysis is masked by","input":"Choices: ['Pregnancy', 'Liver disease', 'Bile duct obstruction', 'Malnutrition']","output":"Bile duct obstruction"} +{"instruction":"A 2-year-old boy is brought in by his mother because of the bloody stool after ingestion of unknown amount of rat poison (coumarin based). He is admitted and treated with fresh frozen plasma and vitamin K after his prothrombin time (PT) was found to be prolonged. What is the reason for bloody stool in this case?","input":"Choices: ['Local irritation of bowels because of the ingestion of rodenticide', 'Coumarin is antagonizing vitamin K reductase necessary for production of factors VIII and IX', 'Coumarin is antagonizing vitamin K reductase necessary for production of factors II, VII, IX & X', 'Coumarin caused disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)']","output":"Coumarin is antagonizing vitamin K reductase necessary for production of factors II, VII, IX & X"} +{"instruction":"Gene responsible for Wilson disease is situated on which chromosome?","input":"Choices: ['Chromosome 11', 'Chromosome 12', 'Chromosome 13', 'Chromosome 14']","output":"Chromosome 13"} +{"instruction":"Select the false statement about P. jiroveci-","input":"Choices: ['It is seen in only immunocompromised individuals', 'Frequently associated with CMV', 'May be associated with pneumatocele', 'Diagnosed with sputum microscopy']","output":"Frequently associated with CMV"} +{"instruction":"In which ofthe following conditions ofmalabsorption, an intestinal biopsy is diagnostic -","input":"Choices: ['Celiac disease', 'Tropical sprue', \"Whipple's disease\", 'Lactose intolerance']","output":"Whipple's disease"} +{"instruction":"The most common side effect of neuraxial opioid is:","input":"Choices: ['Nausea & vomiting', 'Pruritus', 'Urinary retention', 'Sedation']","output":"Pruritus"} +{"instruction":"Allof the following are used in the management of acute myocardial infarction Except:","input":"Choices: ['Aspirin', 'Heparin', 'Alteplase', 'Warfarin']","output":"Warfarin"} +{"instruction":"Immunoglobulin secreted by fetus as primary response -","input":"Choices: ['IgA', 'IgM', 'IgG', 'IgD']","output":"IgM"} +{"instruction":"Insulin receptors are","input":"Choices: ['Tyrosine Kinase receptors', 'Phosphodiesterase', 'Calcium calmodulin', 'Lipoprotein']","output":"Tyrosine Kinase receptors"} +{"instruction":"Antischkow cells are -","input":"Choices: ['Modified macrophages', 'Modified neutrophils', 'Modified B cells', 'Modified RBCs']","output":"Modified macrophages"} +{"instruction":"Finasteride, all are false except:","input":"Choices: ['Used in androgenic alopecia', 'Stimulates 5-alpha reductase', 'Loss of libido', 'Used in undescended testes']","output":"Used in androgenic alopecia"} +{"instruction":"In Dysgerminoma stage 1A, treatment of choice is","input":"Choices: ['TAH with BSO', 'Unilateral ovariotomy with preservation of uterus', 'Bilateral ovariotomy with preservation of uterus', 'Bilateral salpingo-oophorectoy']","output":"Unilateral ovariotomy with preservation of uterus"} +{"instruction":"Progressive pterygium causes:","input":"Choices: ['Myopia', 'Hypermetropia', 'Astigmatism', 'Cataract']","output":"Astigmatism"} +{"instruction":"Most common karyotype abnormality associated with turner syndrome is","input":"Choices: ['45,X', '46,XY', '47,XXY', '45,Y']","output":"45,X"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is not seen CSF in in Tubercular meningitis","input":"Choices: ['Low sugar', 'High protein', 'Low opening pressure', 'Lymphocytic Ploeocytosis']","output":"Low opening pressure"} +{"instruction":"Methemoglobinemia may be caused by following, except:","input":"Choices: ['Sulfonamides', 'Phenytoin', 'Phenacetin', 'Salicylates']","output":"Salicylates"} +{"instruction":"The larval form of Taenia is referred to as -","input":"Choices: ['Cysticercus', 'Cysticercoid', 'Echinococcus', 'Conerus']","output":"Cysticercus"} +{"instruction":"Caries sicca is seen in -","input":"Choices: ['Hip', 'Shoulder', 'Knee', 'None of the above']","output":"Shoulder"} +{"instruction":"Which muscles are supplied by obturator nerve-","input":"Choices: ['Abductor muscle', 'Adductor compartment', 'Extensor compartment', 'Flexor compartment']","output":"Adductor compartment"} +{"instruction":"Single layer of varnish covers:","input":"Choices: ['55% of surface area', '25% of surface area', '35% of surface area', '80% of surface area']","output":"55% of surface area"} +{"instruction":"Energy expenditure in the resting state mainly depends on which of the following parameters?","input":"Choices: ['Lean body mass', 'Adipose tissue', 'Resting hea rate', 'Exercise']","output":"Lean body mass"} +{"instruction":"Crocodile tears are seen in:","input":"Choices: [\"Frey's Syndrome\", 'Conjunctivitis', 'Lacrimal tumour', 'Abnormal VII nerve regeneration']","output":"Abnormal VII nerve regeneration"} +{"instruction":"Spouse jealousy is a feature of -","input":"Choices: ['Othello syndrome', 'Chronic alcoholism', 'Stockholm syndrome', \"Clerambault's syndrome\"]","output":"Othello syndrome"} +{"instruction":"A woman died within 5 years of marriage under suspicious circumstances. Her parents complained that her in laws used to frequently demand for dowry. Under which of the following sections can a magistrate authorize autopsy of the case?","input":"Choices: ['Section', 'Section 174 Cr Pc', 'Section 176 Cr Pc', 'Section 304 IPC']","output":"Section 174 Cr Pc"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following will cause posterior impression on barium swallow:","input":"Choices: ['ASD', 'VSD', 'Aberrant right subclavian artery', 'Pulmonary vascular hypertension']","output":"Aberrant right subclavian artery"} +{"instruction":"Osteoporosis is characterized most commonly by -a) Fracture vertebrab) Backache c) Bowing of legsd) Abdominal pain","input":"Choices: ['ab', 'a', 'ad', 'bc']","output":"ab"} +{"instruction":"All of the following is\/are true regarding candidiasis:","input":"Choices: ['Commonly involve mucosa & skin', 'Not involve nails', 'Caused by yeast like fungus', 'Diabetes is most impoant risk factor']","output":"Not involve nails"} +{"instruction":"In Duke's classification of cancer rectum, B2 denotes -","input":"Choices: ['Growth extends to perirectal fat', 'Regional nodes involved', 'Limited to thickness of bowel wall', 'Hepatic metastasis']","output":"Limited to thickness of bowel wall"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following drugs can be admistered by subcutaneous nerve","input":"Choices: ['Albuterol', 'Terbutaline', 'Metaproterenol', 'Pirbuterol']","output":"Terbutaline"} +{"instruction":"Among the following longest acting ocular beta-blocker is:","input":"Choices: ['Betaxolol.', 'Timolol.', 'Cartiolol.', 'Metoprolol.']","output":"Betaxolol."} +{"instruction":"Rossets are not seen in -","input":"Choices: ['Retinoblastoma', 'Medulloblastoma', 'PNET', 'Neurocysticercosis']","output":"Neurocysticercosis"} +{"instruction":"Brain is presented for study in -","input":"Choices: ['10% formalin', '20% formalin', '30% formalin', '40% formalin']","output":"10% formalin"} +{"instruction":"Medical etiquettes are between which of the following categories?","input":"Choices: ['Medical professionals', 'Medical professionals and pharmaceutical companies', 'Medical professionals and patients', 'Pharmaceutical companies and patients']","output":"Medical professionals"} +{"instruction":"The primary role of chaperones is to help in:","input":"Choices: ['Protein synthesis.', 'Protein degradation', 'Protein denaturation', 'Protein folding.']","output":"Protein folding."} +{"instruction":"A 65 years old man presenting with complains of chest pain, fever and cough with sputum. On examination of sputum, pus cells with the gram-positive organisms seen. How will you differentiate this from other gram-positive cocci?","input":"Choices: ['Bacitracin', 'Optochin sensitivity', 'Bile solubility', 'Coagulase positive']","output":"Optochin sensitivity"} +{"instruction":"Intravascular hemolysis occurs in:","input":"Choices: ['Hereditary spherocytosis', 'Autoimmune haemolytic anemia', 'Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria', 'Thalassemia']","output":"Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria"} +{"instruction":"Which is the true statement regarding megaloblasitc anemia-","input":"Choices: ['Megaloblastic precursors are present in bone marrow', 'Mean corpuscular volume is increased', 'Serum LDH is increased', 'All']","output":"All"} +{"instruction":"Egg is deficient in -","input":"Choices: ['Vitamin B', 'Vitamin C', 'Fat', 'Proteins']","output":"Vitamin C"} +{"instruction":"All of the following are true about vagina except","input":"Choices: ['Direction of vagina is parallel to plane of brim of true pelvis.', 'Posterior wall is 11.5 cm and anterior wall is 9 cm long', 'Vaginal mucosa is lined by keratinized squamous epithelium', 'No glands open into vagina']","output":"Vaginal mucosa is lined by keratinized squamous epithelium"} +{"instruction":"Ampicillin prophylaxis is given in ?","input":"Choices: ['Rectal surgery', 'Splenectomy', 'Head and neck surgery', 'Biliary surgery']","output":"Rectal surgery"} +{"instruction":"Peribulbar injection is given in","input":"Choices: ['Subtenon space', 'Muscle space', 'Peri orbital space', 'Sub periorbital space']","output":"Peri orbital space"} +{"instruction":"Best parameter for monitoring HIV disease progression is -","input":"Choices: ['Peripheral blood CD4 + Tcell counts', 'Plasma levels of HIV RNA', 'Peripheral blood CD4 + Tcell counts with Plasma levels of HIV RNA', 'Peripheral blood CD4 + T cell counts or Plasma levels of HIV RNA']","output":"Peripheral blood CD4 + Tcell counts with Plasma levels of HIV RNA"} +{"instruction":"Lipofuscin, the golden yellow pigment is seen in hea muscle -","input":"Choices: ['Hyperophy', 'Atrophy', 'Hyperplasia', 'Infarction']","output":"Atrophy"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following drug is used for mass prophylaxis for prevention of meningococcal meningtitis?","input":"Choices: ['Ciprofloxacin', 'Rifampicin', 'Ceftriaxone', 'Minocycline']","output":"Ciprofloxacin"} +{"instruction":"The specific test for Treponema pallidum is","input":"Choices: ['VDRL', \"Kahn's test\", 'TPHA', 'Widal test']","output":"TPHA"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following drug produce neutrophilia?","input":"Choices: ['Chlorambucil', 'Glucocoicoids', 'Sulfonamides', 'Chloramphenicol']","output":"Glucocoicoids"} +{"instruction":"Cryoprecipitate contains all except","input":"Choices: ['Factor VIII', 'Factor IX', 'Fibrinogen', 'VWF']","output":"Factor IX"} +{"instruction":"Severe hereditary spherocytosis is seen due to the defect of the following protein","input":"Choices: ['Spectrin', 'Ankyrin', 'Band 3', 'Band 4.2']","output":"Spectrin"} +{"instruction":"All of the following are features of mumps, except –","input":"Choices: ['Caused by paramyxovirus', 'Aseptic meningitis is a complication in children', 'Orchitis is a complication in adults', 'Incubation period is less than 2 weeks']","output":"Incubation period is less than 2 weeks"} +{"instruction":"True about anaplastic Ca of thyroid -a) Common in elderlyb) Surrounding neck tissues are freec) Lymphatic infiltration occursd) p53 mutation","input":"Choices: ['acd', 'ad', 'bc', 'bde']","output":"acd"} +{"instruction":"Scrub typhus is caused by -","input":"Choices: ['R typhi', 'R Akari', 'R prowazekii', 'R tsutsugamushi']","output":"R tsutsugamushi"} +{"instruction":"Most common arrhythmia:","input":"Choices: ['Inappropriate sinus tachycardia', 'Junctional premature complexes', 'Atrial fibrillation', 'Atrial flutter']","output":"Atrial fibrillation"} +{"instruction":"Animal to man transmission (zoonosis) is seen in -a) Rabiesb) Japanese encephalitisc) HIVd) Plaguee) Measles","input":"Choices: ['acd', 'bcd', 'abc', 'abd']","output":"abd"} +{"instruction":"Riociguat is used for","input":"Choices: ['Pulmonary hypeension', 'Myocarditis', 'Atrial fibrillation', 'Stroke']","output":"Pulmonary hypeension"} +{"instruction":"A patient met with Road traffic Accident with subsequent injury to the left knee. Dial test was positive. What could be the cause:","input":"Choices: ['Medial Collateral Ligament Injury', 'Medial Meniscal Injury', 'Lateral Meniscus Tear', 'Posterolateral Corner Injury']","output":"Posterolateral Corner Injury"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is false about light anesthesia?","input":"Choices: ['Patient does not have explicit memory of the period', 'Pain may be felt during light anesthesia', 'Is desirable is ceain high risk conditions', 'Can lead to Posttraumatic stress disorders']","output":"Patient does not have explicit memory of the period"} +{"instruction":"Sodium fluoride inhibits glycolysis by inhibiting the enzyme","input":"Choices: ['Enolase', 'Aldolase', 'Catalase', 'Dehydrogenase']","output":"Enolase"} +{"instruction":"By the time of implantation in uterine endometrium the typical feilized ovum is divided into how many cells","input":"Choices: ['2', '4', '16', '750']","output":"16"} +{"instruction":"A patient with obstructive jaundice due to pancreatic cancer might have all of the following clinical findings except","input":"Choices: ['A palpable gallbladder', 'Pain is early in the course of the disease', 'Pulmonary metastasis', 'Thrombocytopenia']","output":"Pain is early in the course of the disease"} +{"instruction":"The latent period in distraction osteogenesis is","input":"Choices: ['4-6 weeks', '5-7 days', '6-8 months', '4 months']","output":"5-7 days"} +{"instruction":"Regarding isoflurane all are true except","input":"Choices: ['Is a respiratory depressant', 'Causes tachycardia', 'Is metabolised to inorganic fluoride ions', 'Implicated in causing seizures']","output":"Implicated in causing seizures"} +{"instruction":"Anticoagulant used to estimate glucose from a sample sent from PHC is","input":"Choices: ['EDTA', 'Calcium oxalate', 'Potassium oxalate + NaF', 'Sodium citrate']","output":"Potassium oxalate + NaF"} +{"instruction":"Granulation tissue comprises of:","input":"Choices: ['Fibroblasts', 'Small blood vessels', 'Macrophages', 'All of the above']","output":"All of the above"} +{"instruction":"Goodpasture's disease is characteraized by all except-","input":"Choices: ['Glomerulonephritish', 'Leukocytoclastic vasculitis', 'Presence ofantibodies to BM', 'Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage']","output":"Leukocytoclastic vasculitis"} +{"instruction":"The X-ray view for supra orbital fissure is:","input":"Choices: [\"Towne's\", 'Caldwell', 'AP', 'nasal']","output":"Caldwell"} +{"instruction":"Thermafil GP is sterilized by:","input":"Choices: ['5.25% NaOCl for 1 min. then rinsing with 70% alcohol .', '5.25% NaOCl for 30 second only', '5.25% NaOCl for 1 min. then rinsed in 50% alcohol.', '5.25% NaOCl for 1 minute only.']","output":"5.25% NaOCl for 1 min. then rinsing with 70% alcohol ."} +{"instruction":"Bag and mask ventilation in newborn resuscitation is contraindicated in:","input":"Choices: ['Diaphragmatic hernia', 'Pulmonary hypoplasia', 'Tracheo-oesophageal fistula', 'Laryngomalacia']","output":"Diaphragmatic hernia"} +{"instruction":"What is the the most probable diagnosis of a child who presents with wrhite umbilicated lesions on face?","input":"Choices: ['Molluscumcontagiosum', 'Herpes simplex infection', 'Erythema toxicumneonatorum', 'Human pappiloma virus infection']","output":"Molluscumcontagiosum"} +{"instruction":"All are true regarding students t-test, except-","input":"Choices: ['Standard error of mean is not estimated', 'Standard population is selected', 'Two samples are compared', \"Student's t- test map is required for calculation\"]","output":"Standard error of mean is not estimated"} +{"instruction":"Current therapeutic status of milrinone in CHF is:","input":"Choices: ['First choice drug for a patient of mild CHF', 'As an add on drug to tide over the crisis in refractory CHF', 'Best drug for long-term maintenance therapy of CHF', 'Used only to suppress digitalis induced arrhythmias']","output":"As an add on drug to tide over the crisis in refractory CHF"} +{"instruction":"Which viral infection is associated with neutropenia :","input":"Choices: ['Hepatitis A', 'Influenza A', 'HIV', 'All of the above']","output":"All of the above"} +{"instruction":"Most common cardiac anomaly in Turner\\'s syndrome is ?","input":"Choices: ['Coarctation of aorta', 'Bicuspid aortic valve', 'Vetricular septal defect', 'Atrial septal defect']","output":"Bicuspid aortic valve"} +{"instruction":"A 30 year old manic patient was prescribed haloperidol 3month back. For last two days he has become restless and kept pacing in he room for a day. On examination he was found to have tremors of hand. He is most likely to be suffering from:","input":"Choices: ['Anhedonia', 'Dystonia', 'Restless leg syndrome', 'Akathisia']","output":"Akathisia"} +{"instruction":"Wof is cell cycle nonspecific antineoplastic drug","input":"Choices: ['Vincristine', 'Methotrexate', 'Bleomycin', 'None of the above']","output":"None of the above"} +{"instruction":"In marfan syndrome, the defect is in -","input":"Choices: ['Fibrillin I', 'Fibrillin II', 'Collegen', 'Elastin']","output":"Fibrillin I"} +{"instruction":"Spinomuscular atrophy is seen in lesion of-","input":"Choices: ['Anterior horn', 'Peripheral nerve', 'Neuromuscular junction', 'Any of the above']","output":"Anterior horn"} +{"instruction":"Drug X is normally administered to patients at a rate of 50 mg\/hour. Elimination of the drug X from body takes place as:\n– Hepatic Metabolism 10%\n– Biliary Secretion 10%\n– Renal Excretion 80%\nThis drug has to be administered to a 65 years old patient Uttaam Singh, with a GFR of 60 ml\/min. (assuming normal GFR is 120ml\/min). Liver and biliary functions are normal in this patient. What should be the dose rate of drug X in this patient?","input":"Choices: ['50 mg\/hour', '30 mg\/hr', '25 mg\/hr', '100 mg\/hr']","output":"30 mg\/hr"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following disease show fibrinoid necrosis?","input":"Choices: ['Tuberculosis', 'Vasculitis', 'Abscess', 'Pancreatitis']","output":"Vasculitis"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following tests is not used for detection of specific aneuploidy:","input":"Choices: ['FISH', '#NAME?', 'QF-PCR', 'Microarray']","output":"Microarray"} +{"instruction":"The most impoant investigation for posterior urethral value is:","input":"Choices: ['Urethroscopy', 'IVP', 'Retrograde cystogram', 'Micturating cystogram']","output":"Micturating cystogram"} +{"instruction":"All the following mediate their action using cAMP as second messenger except:","input":"Choices: ['Coicotropin', 'Dopamine', 'Glucagon', 'Vasopressin']","output":"Vasopressin"} +{"instruction":"When the patient is asked to look upwards with the head fixed, there will be absence of wrinkling on the forehead, this is known as:","input":"Choices: [\"Joffroy's sign\", \"Von graffe's sign\", 'Moebius sign', \"Dalrymple's sign\"]","output":"Joffroy's sign"} +{"instruction":"A baby girl presents with bilateral inguinal masses, thought to be hernias but are found to be testes in the inguinal canals. Which karyotype would you expect to find in the child?","input":"Choices: ['46,XX', '46,XY', '46,XXY', '47,XXY']","output":"46,XY"} +{"instruction":"Recurrent ischemic events following thrombolysis has been patho-physiologically linked to which of the following factors?","input":"Choices: ['Triglycerides', 'Fibrinopeptide A', 'Lipoprotein (a)', 'Antibodies to thrombolytic agents']","output":"Fibrinopeptide A"} +{"instruction":"All of the followings are type of fingerprinting except:","input":"Choices: ['Arch', 'Loop', 'Composite', 'Circle']","output":"Circle"} +{"instruction":"Upper three fouh of vagina is formed by?","input":"Choices: ['Mullerian duct', 'Urogenital sinus', 'Sinovaginal bulb', 'Wolfian duct']","output":"Sinovaginal bulb"} +{"instruction":"Drug causing maximum peripheral neuropathy is:","input":"Choices: ['Zidovudine', 'Lamivudine', 'Stavudine', 'Didanosine']","output":"Stavudine"} +{"instruction":"True about Pityriasis rubra pilaris?","input":"Choices: ['Isolated patches of normal skin found', 'Occurs mainly in adults', 'Common in females', 'Oral cyclosporine is drug of choice']","output":"Isolated patches of normal skin found"} +{"instruction":"Ingram regimen is used in treatment of","input":"Choices: ['Vitiligo', 'Psoriasis', 'Lichen planus', 'Lichen nitidus']","output":"Psoriasis"} +{"instruction":"Nongastrointestinal complications of Crohn's disease include:","input":"Choices: ['Renal calculi', 'Cholelithiasis', 'Ahritis', 'All of the above']","output":"All of the above"} +{"instruction":"Which amongst the following biological agents has the highest potential for use as a biological weapon for microbial bioterrorism -","input":"Choices: ['Plague (Yersinia pestis)', 'Small pox (variola major)', 'Botulism (Cl. botulinum)', 'Brucellosis (Brucella sp)']","output":"Plague (Yersinia pestis)"} +{"instruction":"Alternating RBBB with Left anterior hemiblock is seen in","input":"Choices: [\"1' degree hea block\", 'Complete hea block', 'Mobitz type II block', 'Bi-fascicular block']","output":"Bi-fascicular block"} +{"instruction":"A 19 year old young girl with previous history of repeated pain over medial canthus and chronic use of nasal decongestants, presented with abrupt onset of fever with chills & rigor, diplopia on lateral gaze, moderate proptosis & chemosis. On examination optic disc is congested. Most likely diagnosis is:","input":"Choices: ['Cavernous sinus thrombosis', 'Orbital cellulitis', 'Acute Ethmoidal sinusitis', 'Orbital apex syndrome']","output":"Cavernous sinus thrombosis"} +{"instruction":"Reflex is characterised by all except","input":"Choices: ['Fractionation', 'Occlusion', 'Prepotentiation', 'Minosynaptic']","output":"Minosynaptic"} +{"instruction":"Anticraving agent which acts as NMDA antagonist is","input":"Choices: ['Naltrexone', 'Acamprosate', 'Baclofen', 'Topiramate']","output":"Acamprosate"} +{"instruction":"A 17 year old female patient has hirsutism, hyperglycemia, obesity, muscle wasting, and increased circulating levels of ACTH. The most likely cause of her symptoms is:","input":"Choices: ['Primary adrenocoical insufficiency', 'Primary overproduction of ACTH', 'Exogenous steroids', 'Hypophysectomy']","output":"Primary overproduction of ACTH"} +{"instruction":"Me Callum patch is seen:(1991)","input":"Choices: ['Rheumatoid arthritis', 'SLE', 'Rheumatic fever', 'Polyarthritis nodosa']","output":"Rheumatic fever"} +{"instruction":"Treatment of choice for severe falciparum malaria is:","input":"Choices: ['Chloroquine', 'Intravenous aesunate', 'Intravenous quinine', 'Intravenous quinidine']","output":"Intravenous aesunate"} +{"instruction":"In UNICEF's GOBI campaign, 'O' stands for:","input":"Choices: ['Oral contraceptives', 'Oral rehydration therapy', 'Obesity', 'Occupational hazards']","output":"Oral rehydration therapy"} +{"instruction":"Tensile strength in the wound scar is","input":"Choices: ['Similar to normal skin', 'More than normal skin', '80% of normal skin', '50% of normal skin']","output":"80% of normal skin"} +{"instruction":"Pernicious anemia associated with ?","input":"Choices: ['Gastric pathology', 'Renal pathology', 'Esophageal pathology', 'Oral pathology']","output":"Gastric pathology"} +{"instruction":"Increased acidosis and hypoxaemia is seen in :","input":"Choices: ['Normal Doppler wave form', 'Increased fetal diastolic flow in the middle cerebral aery with absent diastolic flow in the aoa', \"Presence of the 'notch' in the uterine aery\", 'Absent umbilical aery']","output":"Increased fetal diastolic flow in the middle cerebral aery with absent diastolic flow in the aoa"} +{"instruction":"Tuberculous pleural effusion is characterized by all except?","input":"Choices: ['Hemorrhage', 'LDH more than 60%', 'Protein is increased', 'Mesothelial cells']","output":"Mesothelial cells"} +{"instruction":"Commonest symptom of carcinoma bronchus is ?","input":"Choices: ['Hemoptysis', 'Dyspnoea', 'Cough', 'Wheezing']","output":"Cough"} +{"instruction":"Deep inguinal ring is derived from:","input":"Choices: ['Fascia transversalis', 'Internal oblique aponeurosis', 'Transverse abdominis', 'Rectus abdominis']","output":"Fascia transversalis"} +{"instruction":"Drug of choice for Resistant Plasmodium falciparum malaria in the pediatric age group:","input":"Choices: ['Chloroquine', 'Tetracycline', 'Clindamycin', 'Doxycycline']","output":"Clindamycin"} +{"instruction":"Rods and cones differ in all, Except:","input":"Choices: ['Signal transduction', 'Light sensitivity', 'Wavelength', 'Acuity']","output":"Signal transduction"} +{"instruction":"According to ADA specification of toothbrush width of brush head should be:","input":"Choices: ['5\/8-3\/8inches.', '5\/16-3\/8inches.', '5\/8-3\/16inches.', '5\/16-3\/16inches.']","output":"5\/16-3\/8inches."} +{"instruction":"Killian&;s incision is used for","input":"Choices: ['Septoplasty', 'Myringotomy', 'Proof puncture', 'Modified radical mastoidectomy']","output":"Septoplasty"} +{"instruction":"All of the following drugs can cause cholestatic jaundice except :","input":"Choices: ['Ethambutol', 'Chlorpromazine', 'Erythromycin estolate', 'Estrogens']","output":"Ethambutol"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is not a useful fluid for resuscitation in cardiac Arrest Patient:-","input":"Choices: ['Normal Saline', 'Ringers Lactate', '5% Dextrose', 'Whole Blood']","output":"5% Dextrose"} +{"instruction":"BCR ABL gene mutation is seen in ?","input":"Choices: ['CML', 'AML', 'CLL', 'ALL']","output":"CML"} +{"instruction":"Strawberry skin appearance of the nasal mucosa is seen in :","input":"Choices: [\"Wegener's granulomatosis\", 'Sarcoidosis', 'Kawasaki disease', 'Rhinosporidiosis']","output":"Sarcoidosis"} +{"instruction":"Menke's disease\" is a disease of","input":"Choices: ['Impaired zinc transpo', 'Impaired copper transpo', 'Impaired magnesium transpo', 'Impaired molybdenum transpo']","output":"Impaired copper transpo"} +{"instruction":"Dentinogenesis imperfecta differs from amelogenesis\nimperfecta in that, the former is","input":"Choices: ['A hereditary disturbance', 'The result of excessive fluoride ingestion', 'The result of faulty enamel matrix formation', 'Characterized by calcification of pulp chambers and the root canals of the teeth']","output":"Characterized by calcification of pulp chambers and the root canals of the teeth"} +{"instruction":"A middle aged male comes to the outer patient depament (OPD) with the only complaint of hoarseness of voice for the past 2 years. He has been a chronic smoker for 30 years. On examination, a reddish area of mucosal irregularity overlying a poion of both cords was seen. Management would include all, EXCEPT:","input":"Choices: ['Cessation of smoking', 'Bilateral cordectomy', 'Microlaryngeal surgery for biopsy', 'Regular follow-up']","output":"Bilateral cordectomy"} +{"instruction":"True regarding opioid induced seizures -","input":"Choices: ['They occur at therapeutic doses', 'Children are more susceptible', 'Seizures occur only with g-opioid agonists', 'Diazepam is the drug of choice']","output":"Children are more susceptible"} +{"instruction":"X-ray of a person presenting with intestinal obstruction is shown below. It is taken in which view?","input":"Choices: ['X-ray abdomen erect', 'X-ray abdomen left lateral', 'X-ray in prone position', 'X-ray in right lateral decubitus']","output":"X-ray abdomen erect"} +{"instruction":"Treatement of choice of vocal nodule is","input":"Choices: ['Radial excision', 'Microlaryngoscopic removal', 'Cryotherapy', 'Wait and watch']","output":"Microlaryngoscopic removal"} +{"instruction":"A 30-year-old male patient presented with dyspnea ECHO showed mitral stenosis with left atrial hypertrophy. Excised mitral valve is as shown. What is the diagnosis?","input":"Choices: ['Tuberculosis', 'Sarcoidosis', 'Rheumatic heart diseases', 'Fungal granuloma']","output":"Rheumatic heart diseases"} +{"instruction":"0","input":"Choices: ['0', '0', '0', '0']","output":"0"} +{"instruction":"Lateral aberrant thyroid refers to -","input":"Choices: ['Lingual thyroid', 'Metastatic foci from primary in thyroid', 'Struma ovarii', 'Congenital thyroid abnormality']","output":"Metastatic foci from primary in thyroid"} +{"instruction":"Munsen sign is seen in: March 2013 (h)","input":"Choices: ['Corneal dystrophy', 'Perforated corneal ulcer', 'Keratoconus', 'Marfan syndrome']","output":"Keratoconus"} +{"instruction":"Velvety appearance of stomach is seen in poisoning with:(1995)","input":"Choices: ['Abrus precatorius', 'Barbiturates', 'Arsenic', 'lead']","output":"Arsenic"} +{"instruction":"External Cephalic Version (ECV) is contraindicated in all of the following , EXCEPT?","input":"Choices: ['Twins', 'Flexed breech', 'Premature Rupture of membranes', 'Previous abruption']","output":"Flexed breech"} +{"instruction":"\"Citron bodies\" boat or leaf shaped pleomorphic organism in an exudate is","input":"Choices: ['Cl. welchii', 'Cl. edematiens', 'Cl. septicum', 'Cl. tetani']","output":"Cl. septicum"} +{"instruction":"Incubation period of rubella is -","input":"Choices: ['18-72 hours', '2-3 weeks', '1-3 months', '>1 year']","output":"2-3 weeks"} +{"instruction":"Critical pH in Mendelson syndrome -","input":"Choices: ['2.5', '3', '3.5', '4']","output":"2.5"} +{"instruction":"Anti histone antibodies are characteristics of","input":"Choices: ['Drug induced lupus', 'Cardiac lupus', 'Lupus nephritis', 'MCTD']","output":"Drug induced lupus"} +{"instruction":"A child presented with headache, dizziness, intermittent claudication with occasional dyspnoea. The most probable diagnosis in -","input":"Choices: ['ASD', 'PDA', 'TOF', 'Coarctation of aoa']","output":"Coarctation of aoa"} +{"instruction":"True about anatomy of right ventricle","input":"Choices: ['Situated posteriorly', 'More prominent trabeculation', 'Crista supraventricularis separate tricuspid valve & pulmonary valve', 'Ellipsoidal in shape']","output":"More prominent trabeculation"} +{"instruction":"All veins opens into coronary sinus, EXCEPT:","input":"Choices: ['Great cardiac vein', 'Anterior cardiac vein', 'Middle cardiac vein', 'Left posterior ventricular vein']","output":"Anterior cardiac vein"} +{"instruction":"Which one of the following is not included in the treatment of malignant melanoma-","input":"Choices: ['Radiation', 'Surgical excision', 'Chemotherapy', 'Immunotherapy']","output":"Radiation"} +{"instruction":"A 4-year-old boy occasionally wakes in the middle of the night crying. When his parents check on him, he seems visibly frightened and tells his parents that Chihuahuas were chasing him. Choose the sleep disturbance most consistent with the history","input":"Choices: ['Night terrors', 'Nightmares', 'Learned behavior', 'Obstructive sleep apnea']","output":"Nightmares"} +{"instruction":"In secondary syphilis all are seen except:","input":"Choices: ['Condyloma lata', 'Interstitial keratitis', 'Ahritis', 'Proteinuria']","output":"Interstitial keratitis"} +{"instruction":"Upper limb counterpa of dorsal spinocerebellar tract is:","input":"Choices: ['Tecto-cerebellar tract', 'Vestibulo-cerebellar tract', 'Cuneo-cerebellar tract', 'Ventral spinocerebellar tract']","output":"Cuneo-cerebellar tract"} +{"instruction":"Renal collar which surrounds the aoa has its two limbs split by:","input":"Choices: ['Left renal vein', 'Left renal aery', 'Isthmus of horseshoe kidney', 'All of the above']","output":"Left renal vein"} +{"instruction":"Acute onset of cough, stridor and respiratory distress in the absence of fever is suggestive of:","input":"Choices: ['Foreign body', 'Acute asthma', 'Aspiration Pneumonia', 'Primary complex']","output":"Foreign body"} +{"instruction":"In Esophageal speech, the dynamic component is-","input":"Choices: ['Buccal segment', 'Pharyngo- esophageal segment', 'Trachea', 'Pharynx']","output":"Pharyngo- esophageal segment"} +{"instruction":"Initial rapid repolarization in cardiac muscle is mediated through:","input":"Choices: ['Opening of K+ channel', 'Opening of Ca+ channel', 'Opening of Na+ channel', 'Closing of Na+ channel']","output":"Opening of K+ channel"} +{"instruction":"The most impoant factor for maintaining arches of the foot is","input":"Choices: ['Shapes of bones', 'Ligaments of plantar aponeurosis', 'Tendons of muscles', 'Intearsal joints']","output":"Ligaments of plantar aponeurosis"} +{"instruction":"In human dioploid cells rabies vaccine the schedule of immunisation is -","input":"Choices: ['0,3,4,14,30,0', '0,5,14,30,900', '0,3,7,14,30,90', '0,37,14,30,70']","output":"0,3,7,14,30,90"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is the best marker for intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy?","input":"Choices: ['AST & ALT (Transaminases)', 'Bile Acids', 'Bilirubin', 'Alkaline Phosphatase']","output":"Bile Acids"} +{"instruction":"The most widely used partial denture classification","input":"Choices: ['Kennedy', 'Kennedy-Applegate', 'Cumberland', 'None of the above']","output":"Kennedy"} +{"instruction":"As per Chadah committee recommendations there should be 1 Basic Health worker per _____ population?","input":"Choices: ['3000', '5000', '10000', '20000']","output":"10000"} +{"instruction":"Mondor's disease is:","input":"Choices: ['Thrombophlebitis of the superficial veins of breast', 'Carcinoma of the breast', 'Premalignant condition of the breast', 'Filariasis of the breast']","output":"Thrombophlebitis of the superficial veins of breast"} +{"instruction":"Maximum permissible chloride level is-","input":"Choices: ['200 mg\/litre', '300 mg\/litre', '500 mg\/litre', '600 mg\/litre']","output":"600 mg\/litre"} +{"instruction":"Circuit of choice for controlled ventilation -","input":"Choices: ['Magill circuit', 'Type C', 'Type D', 'Type E']","output":"Type D"} +{"instruction":"Ramu is 60 year old male with CA Descending colon presents with acute intestinal obstruction. In emergency depament tit of choice is -","input":"Choices: ['Defunctioning colostomy', \"Haman's procedure\", 'Total colectomy', 'Lt hemicolectomy']","output":"Haman's procedure"} +{"instruction":"What does the following demonstrate in a full term neonate?","input":"Choices: ['Normal tone', 'Hypotonia', 'Hypertonia', 'Head control']","output":"Normal tone"} +{"instruction":"Roughly what percentage of patient with metastatic epithelial ovarian cancer will be benefited by treatment with an alkylating agent :","input":"Choices: ['Less than 10 percent', '25 to 49 percent', '50 to 74 percent', '75 to 89 percent']","output":"50 to 74 percent"} +{"instruction":"Among the following, which one is not a good dietary source of iron –","input":"Choices: ['Liver', 'Jaggery', 'Fish', 'Milk']","output":"Milk"} +{"instruction":"True regarding abdominal autonomic plexus are all except","input":"Choices: ['Aorticorenal ganglion is part of celiac ganglion', 'Greater splanchnic is sympathetic root', 'Lesser splanchnic is parasympathetic root', 'Posterior vagal is parasympathetic root']","output":"Lesser splanchnic is parasympathetic root"} +{"instruction":"Alpha feto protein is a tumor marker for:","input":"Choices: ['Hepatocellular Carcinoma', 'Ovarian carcinoma', 'Seminoma', 'Pheochromocytoma']","output":"Hepatocellular Carcinoma"} +{"instruction":"A lady approaches a physician for contraceptive advice. On examination, there were two symmetrical ulcers on vulva, which were well-defined with firm base. Which of the following is the most likely cause?","input":"Choices: ['Chancre', 'Herpes', 'Syphilis', 'Malignancy']","output":"Chancre"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following nerve serve as the afferent pathway for light pupillary reflex?","input":"Choices: ['Trigeminal nerve', 'Optic nerve', 'Abducent nerve', 'Ciliary nerve']","output":"Optic nerve"} +{"instruction":"Vancomycin is obtained from","input":"Choices: ['Staphyloccus species', 'Aspergillus niger', 'Streptococcus orientalis', 'Bacillus anthracis']","output":"Streptococcus orientalis"} +{"instruction":"True statement regarding hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia:","input":"Choices: ['GI bleeding is the major presenting feature', 'Associated with cerebral arteriovenous malformation', 'Only mucosal involvement present and skin is usually spared', 'Estrogen is the first line treatment']","output":"Associated with cerebral arteriovenous malformation"} +{"instruction":"False about sjogren's syndrome","input":"Choices: ['Kerato conjunctivitis sicca', 'Periductal and Perivascular lymphocytic infilteration', 'Parotid gland biopsy preferred', 'MALToma is most common lymphoma']","output":"Parotid gland biopsy preferred"} +{"instruction":"Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojana, all are true except:","input":"Choices: ['Applicable for BPL only', 'Entitled for 30000 rupees', 'Pay and reimbursement follows', 'Is a type of employment scheme']","output":"Is a type of employment scheme"} +{"instruction":"Although glycolysis and the pentose phosphate pathway have several common metabolites, they are markedly different otherwise. All of the following statements are true, EXCEPT:","input":"Choices: ['CO2 is produced in the pentose phosphate pathway, but not in glycolysis.', 'ATP is generated in glycolysis, but not in the pentose phosphate pathway.', 'Mg2+ ions are required for both glycolysis and the pentose phosphate pathway.', 'Thiamine is used as a coenzyme in both glycolysis and the pentose phosphate pathway']","output":"Thiamine is used as a coenzyme in both glycolysis and the pentose phosphate pathway"} +{"instruction":"C-reactive protein is -","input":"Choices: ['An antibody produced as a result of peumococcal infection', 'Derived from pneumoconiosis', 'Detective by precipitation recation', 'Increased in peumococcal in fection']","output":"Increased in peumococcal in fection"} +{"instruction":"Type II ZOE is","input":"Choices: ['Intermediate restorative material', 'Temporary material', 'Long term luting agent for fixed prosthesis', 'Can be used as a base']","output":"Long term luting agent for fixed prosthesis"} +{"instruction":"HC1 secretion in gastric phase is increase by","input":"Choices: ['Pepsinogen', 'CCK', 'Gastrin', 'Secretin']","output":"Gastrin"} +{"instruction":"A 32-year-old female is suffering from scabies due to sarcoptic. Physician prescribed her the following drug","input":"Choices: ['DEC 6 mg\/kg BW for 12 days', 'DEC 9 mg\/kg BW for 12 days', 'Ivermectin 200mcg\/kg BW', 'Ivermectin 100mg\/kg BW']","output":"Ivermectin 200mcg\/kg BW"} +{"instruction":"Rhinophyma is a type of ?","input":"Choices: ['Acne vulgaris', 'Acne rosacea', 'Fungal Infection', 'Hamatoma']","output":"Acne rosacea"} +{"instruction":"A 42-year-old man presents with central, crushing chest pain that radiates to the jaw. The pain occurred while jogging around the local park. The pain was alleviated with rest. The ECG is normal. Diagnosis is?","input":"Choices: ['Angina pectoris', 'Acute Pericarditis', 'STEMI', 'NSTEMI']","output":"Angina pectoris"} +{"instruction":"Which among the following is an early sign of magnesium toxicity ?","input":"Choices: ['Depression of deep tendon reflexes', 'Respiratory depression', 'Cardiac arrest', 'Decreased urine output']","output":"Depression of deep tendon reflexes"} +{"instruction":"A 20-year-old man is admitted to the emergency department with a stab wound in the superior region of his neck. A radiographic examination reveals that the wound has not affected any major structures. Physical examination reveals that the patient has lost sensation from the skin over the angle of the jaw. Which of the following nerves is most likely injured?","input":"Choices: ['Supraclavicular', 'Transverse cervical', 'Great auricular', 'Greater occipital']","output":"Great auricular"} +{"instruction":"Not true regarding Dandy Walker cyst ?","input":"Choices: ['Cerebellar Vermis hypoplasia', 'Hydrocephalus', 'Arachnoid Cyst', 'Posterior fossa cyst']","output":"Arachnoid Cyst"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following do not manifest on first day of life?","input":"Choices: ['Jaundice', 'Sepsis', 'Neonatal tetanus', 'Meconium aspiration syndrome']","output":"Neonatal tetanus"} +{"instruction":"Posterior one third of tongue develops from:","input":"Choices: ['First arch', 'Second arch', 'Third arch', 'Fourth arch']","output":"Third arch"} +{"instruction":"Delayed wound healing is seen in all except","input":"Choices: ['malignancy', 'hypertension', 'diabetes', 'infection']","output":"hypertension"} +{"instruction":"Allopurinol prevents conversion of : a) Hypoxanthine to xanthine b) Xanthine to hypoxanthine c) Hypoxanthine to I.M.P. d) Xanthine to uric acid","input":"Choices: ['ab', 'cd', 'ad', 'bd']","output":"ad"} +{"instruction":"Flea-bitten kidney is seen in all except -","input":"Choices: ['SABE', 'Malignant hypeension', 'Hemolytic Uremic syndrome', 'Diabetic nephropathy']","output":"Diabetic nephropathy"} +{"instruction":"The following is a marker of acute hepatitis B infection:","input":"Choices: ['DNA polymerase', 'Hepatitis core antigen', 'Anti HBs', 'IgG to core antigen']","output":"DNA polymerase"} +{"instruction":"Pt. with chronic pancreatitis gives chain of lakes appearance in ERCP examination. Management is:","input":"Choices: ['Total pancreatectomy', 'Sphincteroplasty', 'Side to side pancreatico jejunostomy', 'Resecting the tail of pancreas and performing a pancreatojejunostomy']","output":"Side to side pancreatico jejunostomy"} +{"instruction":"The most sensitive and practical technique for detection of myocardial ischemia in the perioperative period is –","input":"Choices: ['Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy', 'Radio labeled lactate determination', 'Direct measurement of end diastolic pressure', 'Regional wall motion abnormality detected with the help of 2D transoesophageal echocardiography']","output":"Regional wall motion abnormality detected with the help of 2D transoesophageal echocardiography"} +{"instruction":"Rat tail file is also known as","input":"Choices: ['Barbed broach', 'R file', 'H file', 'Rasp']","output":"Rasp"} +{"instruction":"TRUE\/FALSE regarding blood supply of facial nerve is\/are? 1. Ascending Pharyngeal aery 2. Greater palatine aery 3. Middle meningeal aery 4. Labyrinthine branch of ethmoidal aery 5. Stylomastoid branch of occipital aery","input":"Choices: ['1,2,3 true & 4,5 false', '1, 2 false & 3,4,5 true', '2,4 false & 1,3,5 true', 'All true']","output":"2,4 false & 1,3,5 true"} +{"instruction":"Lipids and proteins interact in membrane by: (PGI June 2007)","input":"Choices: ['Hydrophobic interactions', 'Both hydrophobic and covalent interactions', 'Covalent bonds', 'H bonds']","output":"H bonds"} +{"instruction":"Specific test for ketohexoses:","input":"Choices: ['Selivanoff’s test', 'Osazone test', 'Molisch test', 'None of these']","output":"Selivanoff’s test"} +{"instruction":"True about nucleosome: (PGI Nov 2009)","input":"Choices: ['Use only one type of histone protein', 'Each complex is separated from each other by non histone proteins', 'Regular repeating structure of DNA & histone proteins', 'Reflect small nucleus']","output":"Regular repeating structure of DNA & histone proteins"} +{"instruction":"Which is the most common complication in type 2 diabetes mellitus?","input":"Choices: ['Neuropathy', 'Nephropathy', 'Retinopathy', 'Coronary aery disease']","output":"Neuropathy"} +{"instruction":"In Renal cell carcinoma investigation of choice to evaluate inferior venacava & renal vein for thrombus","input":"Choices: ['IVP', 'Coloured Doppler', 'USG', 'CT scan']","output":"Coloured Doppler"} +{"instruction":"There is a pressure sore extending into the subcutaneous tissue but underlying structures are not involved. Stage of the pressure sore is","input":"Choices: ['Stage 1', 'Stage 2', 'Stage 3', 'Stage 4']","output":"Stage 3"} +{"instruction":"Which among the following is NOT transmitted transplacentally?","input":"Choices: ['Herpes', 'EB virus', 'CMV', 'IgE']","output":"IgE"} +{"instruction":"Most appropriate position for intraocular implant in extracapsular extraction is –","input":"Choices: ['Capsular', 'Posterior chamber', 'Anterior chamber', 'Both (1) and (2)']","output":"Posterior chamber"} +{"instruction":"Drug which interferes effectiveness of OCP are all, EXCEPT:","input":"Choices: ['Aspirin', 'Phenobarbital', 'Rifampicin', 'Primidone']","output":"Aspirin"} +{"instruction":"Allen's test is used to detect the patency of which of the following ?","input":"Choices: ['Radial aery', 'Ulnar aery', 'Both', 'None']","output":"Both"} +{"instruction":"A 12 year old boy presents with recurrent attacks of conjunctivitis for the last 2 years with intense itching and ropy discharge. The diagnosis is","input":"Choices: ['Vernal conjunctivitis', 'Phlyctenular conjunctivitis', 'Trachoma', 'Viral conjunctivitis']","output":"Vernal conjunctivitis"} +{"instruction":"Visual Hallucinations are commonly seen in :","input":"Choices: [\"Alzheimer's disease\", 'Lewy body dementia', 'Frontotemporal dementia', 'Vascular dementia']","output":"Frontotemporal dementia"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is a phase II drug metabolism reaction associated with a genetic polymorphism","input":"Choices: ['Glucuronidation', 'Acetylation', 'Reduction', 'Oxidation']","output":"Acetylation"} +{"instruction":"Pre auricular sulcus is a pa of ?","input":"Choices: ['Humerus', 'Femur', 'Pelvis', 'Skull']","output":"Pelvis"} +{"instruction":"Rate limiting enzyme in gluconeogenesis -","input":"Choices: ['Phosphofructokinase-1', 'Pyruvate kinase', 'Fructose 1-6 bisphosphatase', 'Glucokinase']","output":"Fructose 1-6 bisphosphatase"} +{"instruction":"Cephalhematoma usually disappears within -","input":"Choices: ['3-5 months', '2-5 weeks', '3-5 weeks', '5 -7 weeks']","output":"5 -7 weeks"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is true regarding Pneumothorax?","input":"Choices: ['May occur in asthma patient', 'Pleuritic chest pain may be present', 'Decreased breath sounds', 'All the above']","output":"All the above"} +{"instruction":"Preference of epidemiological studies for establishing causality:-","input":"Choices: ['RCT > Retrospective coho > Prospective coho > Case control > Cross sectional', 'RCT > Prospective coho > Retrospective coho > Case control > Cross sectional', 'RCT > Prospective coho >Retrospective coho > Cross sectional > Case control', 'RCT > Retrospective coho > Prospective coho > Cross sectional > Case control']","output":"RCT > Retrospective coho > Prospective coho > Case control > Cross sectional"} +{"instruction":"Ebsteins anomaly is a side effect of","input":"Choices: ['lithium', 'carbamezepine', 'valproate', 'lamotrigine']","output":"lithium"} +{"instruction":"Tear drop sign is seen in","input":"Choices: ['Orbital floor fracture', 'Zygomatic bone fracture', 'Mandibular fracture', 'Hyoid bone fracture']","output":"Orbital floor fracture"} +{"instruction":"Number of (+) for tubercle bacilli if count in AFB sample is > 10 per oil immersion fields ?","input":"Choices: ['+', '++', '+++', 'Scanty']","output":"+++"} +{"instruction":"Most common cause of pseudoaneurysm -","input":"Choices: ['iv drug abuse', 'Trauma', 'Congenital', 'None']","output":"Trauma"} +{"instruction":"Drug of choice for paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT) is:","input":"Choices: ['Verapamil', 'Digitalis', 'Quinidine', 'Diphenylhydantoin']","output":"Verapamil"} +{"instruction":"A 65 year old male smoker presents with gross total painless hematuria. The most likely diagnosis is ?","input":"Choices: ['Carcinoma of urinary blader', 'Benign prostatic hyperplasia', 'Carcinoma prostate', 'Cystolithiasis']","output":"Carcinoma of urinary blader"} +{"instruction":"End product of prgesterone metabolism found in urine :","input":"Choices: ['Pregnenolone', '17-OH Pregnenolone', 'Pregnanediol', 'Pregnanetriol']","output":"Pregnanediol"} +{"instruction":"Non steroidal\/ anti hormonal substance used to induce ovulation:","input":"Choices: ['Mifepristone', 'Clomiphene citrate', 'Tamoxifen', 'Raloxifen']","output":"Clomiphene citrate"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following cellular compounds are involved in protein synthesis?","input":"Choices: ['Rough endoplasmic reticulum', 'Smooth endoplasmic reticulum', 'Ribosomes', 'Mitochondria']","output":"Ribosomes"} +{"instruction":"Plasmid -a) Involved in multidrug resistace transferb) Involved in conjugationc) Imparts capsule formationd) Imparts pili formation","input":"Choices: ['acd', 'bcd', 'abd', 'ab']","output":"abd"} +{"instruction":"Low molecular weight neurotransmitters are all except:","input":"Choices: ['Glutamate', 'GABA', 'Dopamine', 'Orexins']","output":"Orexins"} +{"instruction":"The earliest manifestation of increased intracranial pressure following head injury is -","input":"Choices: [\"Ipsilateral pupillary' dilatation\", 'Contralateral pupillary dilation', 'Altered mental status', 'Hemiparesis']","output":"Altered mental status"} +{"instruction":"All of the following are indices to define obesity, EXCEPT:","input":"Choices: [\"Chandler's index\", 'Corpulence index', \"Quetlet's index\", 'Body mass index']","output":"Chandler's index"} +{"instruction":"A 26–year–old male, Vikas presents to OPD complaining of hair loss and itching on scalp. Physical examination reveals moderate patchy hair loss from the central portion of the scalp and the lesions have a ring-like configuration with central clearing. Which of the following drugs can be used to treat this patient's condition?","input":"Choices: ['Local glucocorticoids', 'Progesterone', 'Finasteride', 'Terbinafine']","output":"Terbinafine"} +{"instruction":"A thiy-year-old male presents to the Emergency Depament with symptoms of epigastric pain radiating to back that wakes him up at night and is relieved by consuming food. He gives a history of similar pain in the past which was diagnosed as perforated duodenal ulcer and treated with omental patch surgery on two occasions. Pain before and after surgery has been controlled with proton pump inhibitors and analgesics. The likely diagnosis on this occasion is","input":"Choices: ['Duodenal ulcer', 'Gastric ulcer', 'Atrophic Gastritis', 'Chronic Pancreatitis']","output":"Duodenal ulcer"} +{"instruction":"A 25 year old primigravida at 10 weeks pregnancy presents with abdominal pain and bleeding per vaginum. BP is 118\/74 mm Hg & on speculum examination, bleeding is found to come from Os. On Per Vaginum, uterus is of 10 weeks size, soft and Os is open 1.5cms. diagnosis?","input":"Choices: ['Threatened aboion', 'Missed aboion', 'Inevitable aboion', 'Incomplete aboion']","output":"Inevitable aboion"} +{"instruction":"The following are true regarding Lyme's Disease, except -","input":"Choices: ['It is transmitted by ixotid tick.', 'Erythema chronicum migraines may be a clinical feature', 'Borrelia recurrentis is the aetiological agent', 'Rodents act as natural hosts']","output":"Borrelia recurrentis is the aetiological agent"} +{"instruction":"Egg - Shell calcification of lymphnodes is suggestive of","input":"Choices: ['Asbestosis', 'Berylliosis', 'Stannosis', 'Coal worker pneumoconiosis']","output":"Coal worker pneumoconiosis"} +{"instruction":"Optimum unit of preventive, curative and promotive health care is","input":"Choices: ['Appropriateness', 'Availability', 'Adequacy', 'Comprehensiveness']","output":"Comprehensiveness"} +{"instruction":"Vaginal delivery can be allowed in all except","input":"Choices: ['Monochorionic, monoamniotic twins', 'Mentoanterior', 'Extended breech', 'Dichorionic twins with first veex & second breech']","output":"Monochorionic, monoamniotic twins"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following statement regarding gas gangrene is TRUE?","input":"Choices: ['It is due to Clostridium Botulinum infection', 'Clostridial species are gram-negative spore forming anerobes', 'The clinical features are due to the release of protein endotoxin', 'Gas is invariably present in the muscle compaments']","output":"Gas is invariably present in the muscle compaments"} +{"instruction":"The hair examination is impoant for the following cases except","input":"Choices: ['To find out its origin', 'To find the accused or victim', 'In case of sexual assault', 'In case of non-metallic poisoning']","output":"In case of non-metallic poisoning"} +{"instruction":"Renal GFR is estimated by -","input":"Choices: ['Iodohippurate', 'Tc99m-DTPA', 'Tc99m - MAG3', 'Tc99m - DMSA']","output":"Tc99m-DTPA"} +{"instruction":"Common to both acute and chronic malnutrition is","input":"Choices: ['>Weight for age', '>Weight for height', '>Height for age', '>BMI']","output":">Weight for age"} +{"instruction":"Following an eye trauma, a patient presents 4 days later with proptosis and pain in the eye. On examination, he has chemosis, conjunctival congestion and extraocular muscle palsies. The investigation of choice to arrive at a diagnosis is:","input":"Choices: ['MRI', 'CECT', 'MR angiography', 'Intra arterial digital subtraction angiography']","output":"Intra arterial digital subtraction angiography"} +{"instruction":"Struvite stone is caused by which metal?","input":"Choices: ['Magnesium', 'Calcium', 'sodium & potassium', 'both (a) & (b)']","output":"Magnesium"} +{"instruction":"Melting temperature of DNA is:-","input":"Choices: ['Propoional to AT pairs', 'Propoional to GC pairs', 'No relation with base pair composition', 'Directly propoional to length of DNA']","output":"Propoional to GC pairs"} +{"instruction":"Butterfly rash is associated with:September 2006, September 2012","input":"Choices: ['DLE', 'SLE', 'Rheumatoid ahritis', \"Reiter's syndrome\"]","output":"SLE"} +{"instruction":"All of the following is related to cataract surgery, except","input":"Choices: ['Lensectomy', 'Goniotomy', 'Phacoemulsification', 'IOL']","output":"Goniotomy"} +{"instruction":"An 11 month old child brought to PHC with respiratory rate 58 per minute and cough, there is no chest indrawing. Next step of management-","input":"Choices: ['Reassurance to parent', 'Urgent referral to hospital', 'Antibiotic with home care', 'Nasal saline drop']","output":"Antibiotic with home care"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following statements about Cefepime is true","input":"Choices: ['It is a 4th generation cephalosporin', 'Once a day dosing is given', 'It is not active against pseudomonas', 'It is a prodrug']","output":"It is a 4th generation cephalosporin"} +{"instruction":"Bronchocentric granulomatosis commonly occurs due to?","input":"Choices: ['Hypersensitivity reaction to Aspergillus', 'Immunological reaction to HIV', 'Damage by c- ANCA', 'Damage by p-ANCA']","output":"Hypersensitivity reaction to Aspergillus"} +{"instruction":"All of the following are used in the initial management of acute life threatening cardiognenic pulmonary edema, except -","input":"Choices: ['Digoxin', 'Morphine', 'Furosemide', 'Positive Pressure Ventilation']","output":"Digoxin"} +{"instruction":"Tip of tongue drains inot -","input":"Choices: ['Occipital lymph node', 'Submental lymph node', 'Deep cervical lymph nodes', 'Tonsillar lymph nodes']","output":"Submental lymph node"} +{"instruction":"Not a cutaneous porphyria ?","input":"Choices: ['Erythropoeitic porphyria', 'Hereditary coproporphyria', 'Congenital erythropoeitic porphyria', 'Sideroblastic anemia']","output":"Hereditary coproporphyria"} +{"instruction":"Calorigenic hormone is","input":"Choices: ['Epinephrine', 'Nor-epinephrine', 'Thyroid hormones', 'All of the above']","output":"All of the above"} +{"instruction":"Diffuse mesothelioma is seen with –","input":"Choices: ['Asbestos', 'Arsenic', 'Tobacoo use', 'TB']","output":"Asbestos"} +{"instruction":"Hanging cuain sign is seen in -","input":"Choices: ['PItyriasis alba', 'Pityriasis versicolor', 'Pityriasis miliaris', 'Pityriasis rosea']","output":"Pityriasis rosea"} +{"instruction":"The true statement about deafness in the case of alpo syndrome is:","input":"Choices: ['High-tone conductive deafness', 'Congenetal deafness', 'Deafness always accompanied by evidence of renal disease', 'Deafness is fast progressing']","output":"Deafness always accompanied by evidence of renal disease"} +{"instruction":"Tophus is the pathognomic lesion of which of the following condition -","input":"Choices: ['Multiple myeloma', 'Cystinosis', 'Gout', \"Eale's disease\"]","output":"Gout"} +{"instruction":"Sho stature, secondary to growth hormone deficiency is associated with all of the following EXCEPT?","input":"Choices: ['Normal body propoion', 'Normal bone age', 'Delayed dentition', 'Delayed pubey']","output":"Normal bone age"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is inhibited by Aspirin: September 2010","input":"Choices: ['Cyclo oxygenase', 'Lipo oxygenase', 'Phospholipase', 'None of the above']","output":"Cyclo oxygenase"} +{"instruction":"Peyronie's disease is","input":"Choices: ['Bowing of penis', 'Ectopic opening of urethra', 'Curved deformity of erect penis due to fibrous plaque', 'Absent glans penis']","output":"Curved deformity of erect penis due to fibrous plaque"} +{"instruction":"Gross section of myoardium following myocardial infarction is shown. What could the duration following MI?","input":"Choices: ['Immediate MI', '2 days', '2 weeks', 'Postmoem infarct aefact']","output":"2 weeks"} +{"instruction":"Cholangio carcinoma of liver caused by -","input":"Choices: ['Hepatitis B infection', 'Cirrhosis of liver', 'Alpha - feto protein', 'Clonorchis - sinensis infection']","output":"Clonorchis - sinensis infection"} +{"instruction":"All of the following are useful for intravenous therapy for emergencies Hypeension except","input":"Choices: ['Fenaldopam', 'Urapidil', 'Enalipralat', 'Nifedipine']","output":"Enalipralat"} +{"instruction":"All of the following statements about apoproteins are true except","input":"Choices: ['Apoprotein A-I activates LCAT', 'Apoprotein C-I activates lipoprotein lipase', 'Apoprotein C-II inhibits lipoprotein lipase', 'Apoprotein C-II activates lipoprotein lipase']","output":"Apoprotein C-II inhibits lipoprotein lipase"} +{"instruction":"Features of depolarising neuromuscular blocking agents are all\/ except","input":"Choices: ['Cause muscle fascicutation', 'No fade', 'No post tetanic facilitation', 'Reversed by neostigmine']","output":"Reversed by neostigmine"} +{"instruction":"Marriage between two heterozygous individuals for the same disorder is prevented by:","input":"Choices: ['Retrospective genetic counselling', 'Prospective genetic counselling', 'Legislation', 'Mass health education']","output":"Prospective genetic counselling"} +{"instruction":"Most common type of appendix position is -","input":"Choices: ['Retrocaecal', 'Pelvic', 'Post ileal', 'Paracaecal']","output":"Retrocaecal"} +{"instruction":"The best time of the menstrual cycel for endometrial biopsy in infeility investigation is :","input":"Choices: ['First day of menstruation', 'One week after the onset of menstruation', 'Just near due date of the next menstruation', 'On the 15th day of the onset on menstruation']","output":"Just near due date of the next menstruation"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is true about vitamin K?","input":"Choices: ['anticoagulant', 'Prolong use of antimicrobial leads to deficiency', 'dietary allowance is 15-20 mg', 'all of the above']","output":"Prolong use of antimicrobial leads to deficiency"} +{"instruction":"A 67-year-old man with lung cancer notices symptoms of weakness in his arms and legs. He describes difficulty in rising out of chair or going upstairs, but no pain or discomfort. On examination, proximal muscle strength is four out of five in the upper and lower limbs, but the reflexes, tone, and sensation are normal. He has a colored rash on his eyelids, and raised papules on his knuckles.For the above patient with muscle weakness, select the most likely anatomic site for the disorder","input":"Choices: ['anterior horn cell', 'peripheral nerve', 'neuromuscular junction', 'muscle']","output":"muscle"} +{"instruction":"Hill Sach&;s lesion is most commonly seen in","input":"Choices: ['Recurrent shoulder dislocation', 'Posterior shoulder dislocation', 'Fracture neck of humerus', 'Anterior shoulder dislocation']","output":"Recurrent shoulder dislocation"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is seen in dark field microscopy: September 2009","input":"Choices: ['Vibrio', 'Spirochaetes', 'Chlamydia', 'All of the above']","output":"Spirochaetes"} +{"instruction":"Pediatric airway differs from adult by","input":"Choices: ['Large tongue', 'Sho epiglottis', 'Narrowest pa is glottis', 'Larynx in lower position']","output":"Large tongue"} +{"instruction":"When noting condylar guidance, incisal pin should be","input":"Choices: ['In contact with guidance table', 'Out of contact', 'Not at all related', 'None of the above']","output":"Out of contact"} +{"instruction":"A patient presented in casualty with a history of sudden paplitation, sensation of impending doom and constriction in his chest. This lasted for about 10-15 minutes after which he became all right. The diagnosis is likely to be:","input":"Choices: ['Phobia', 'Personality disorder', 'Generalized Anxiety disorder', 'Pannic attack']","output":"Pannic attack"} +{"instruction":"True about presence of bacteria in female reproductive tract is all except","input":"Choices: ['Anaerobes predominate and outnumber aerobic species.', 'Upper reproductive tract is sterile.', 'Function of vaginal bacterial colonization is unknown.', 'Presence of bacteria does not indicate active infection.']","output":"Upper reproductive tract is sterile."} +{"instruction":"A patient requires tooth extractions from an area that has been subjected to radiation therapy. Which of the following represents the greatest danger to this patient:","input":"Choices: ['Alveolar osteitis', 'Osteoradionecrosis', 'Prolonged healing', 'Fracture of the mandible']","output":"Osteoradionecrosis"} +{"instruction":"Familial hypercholesterolemia is:","input":"Choices: ['Deficient LDL receptors', 'Deficient HDL receptors', 'HMG-CoA reductase deficiency', 'Deficient VLDL receptors']","output":"Deficient LDL receptors"} +{"instruction":"A patient with homonymous hemianopia is found to have asymmetric optokinetic nystagmus. The location of the lesion is","input":"Choices: ['Parietal lobe', 'Occipital lobe', 'Temporal lobe', 'Lateral geniculate body']","output":"Parietal lobe"} +{"instruction":"Tone decay test is done for","input":"Choices: ['Neural deafness', 'Cochlear deafness', 'Middle ear problem', 'Otosclerosis']","output":"Neural deafness"} +{"instruction":"Electrical alternans is seen in -","input":"Choices: ['Cardiac tamponade', 'Restrictive cardiomyopathy', 'Constrictive pericarditis', 'Right Ventricular MI (RVMT']","output":"Cardiac tamponade"} +{"instruction":"Investigation of Choice for Vesico-Vaginal Fistula is:","input":"Choices: ['IVP', 'Cystoscopy', '3 Swab Test', 'X ray']","output":"3 Swab Test"} +{"instruction":"A I 0-mm calculus in the right lower ureter associated with proximal hydroureteronephrosis is best treated with ?","input":"Choices: ['Extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy', 'Antegrade percutaneous access', 'Open ureterolithotomy', 'Ureteroscopic retrieval']","output":"Ureteroscopic retrieval"} +{"instruction":"A 40 year old male patient complains of abdominal pain and vomiting. Patient was intoxicated by arsenic and cadmium. Which detoxifying agent can be used in this patient?","input":"Choices: ['Desferioxamine', 'British antilewisite', 'Deferiprone', 'D-Penicillamine']","output":"British antilewisite"} +{"instruction":"Not a Cause of Salt & Pepper retinopathy","input":"Choices: ['Congenital Syphilllis', 'Rubella', 'Thioridazine', 'Healed macular edema']","output":"Healed macular edema"} +{"instruction":"MDR tuberculosis is defined by :","input":"Choices: ['Resistance to all first and second line anti-tubercular agents', 'Resistance to any three first line anti-tubercular agents', 'Resistance to all first line and any three classes of second line anti-tubercular agents', 'Resistance to isoniazid and rifampicin']","output":"Resistance to isoniazid and rifampicin"} +{"instruction":"Cervical veebra is differentiated from the thoracic veebra by the presence of:","input":"Choices: ['Large veebral body', 'Upward facing superior facets', 'Triangular foramin', 'Foramen transversarium']","output":"Foramen transversarium"} +{"instruction":"All of following are seen in GH deficiency EXCEPT:","input":"Choices: ['Hyperglycemia', 'Stunting', 'Delayed bone age', 'High pitched voice']","output":"Hyperglycemia"} +{"instruction":"Ulceronecrotic nodule is seen in -","input":"Choices: ['Lucio leprosy', 'Tuberculoid leprosy', 'Indeterminate leprosy', 'Histoid leprosy']","output":"Lucio leprosy"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is an example of disorders of sex chromosomes","input":"Choices: [\"Marfan's syndrome\", 'Testicular feminization syndrome', \"Klinefelter's syndrome\", \"Down's syndrome\"]","output":"Klinefelter's syndrome"} +{"instruction":"Schistosomiasis is an example of -","input":"Choices: ['Meta-zoonoses', 'Cyclo-zoonoses', 'Direct-zoonoses', 'Sporo-zoonoses']","output":"Meta-zoonoses"} +{"instruction":"The MINIMUM recommended space for each factory worker is:","input":"Choices: ['200 cubic feet', '250 cubic feet', '500 cubic feet', '700 cubic feet']","output":"500 cubic feet"} +{"instruction":"A dead born foetus does not have -","input":"Choices: ['Rigor mortis at birth', 'Adipocere formation', 'Maceration', 'Mummification']","output":"Adipocere formation"} +{"instruction":"Antidote of datura poisoning is","input":"Choices: ['Neostigmine', 'Pyridostigmine', 'Physostigmine', 'Atropine']","output":"Physostigmine"} +{"instruction":"All of the following nerves are involved in the process of erection of penis, EXCEPT:","input":"Choices: ['Pudendal nerve', 'Sacral plexus', 'Hypogastric plexus', 'Nervi erigentes (S2,3,4)']","output":"Hypogastric plexus"} +{"instruction":"Chemoprophylaxis is indicated for all except-","input":"Choices: ['Typhoid', 'Meningococcal meningitis', 'Cholera', 'Plague']","output":"Typhoid"} +{"instruction":"Ergot alkaloid commonly used to prevent post-paum hemorrhage is","input":"Choices: ['methyp ergometrine', 'ergotamine', 'dihydroergotamine', 'dihydroergotoxine']","output":"methyp ergometrine"} +{"instruction":"Hematuria, RBC casts and proteinuria are suggestive of: March 2004","input":"Choices: ['Nephritic syndrome', 'Renal cell carcinoma', 'Acute nephritic syndrome', 'Chronic renal failure']","output":"Acute nephritic syndrome"} +{"instruction":"All of the following are used for induction of labour, EXCEPT","input":"Choices: ['PG F2atablet', 'PG E1 tablet', 'PG E2 gel', 'Oxytocin']","output":"PG F2atablet"} +{"instruction":"Brought dead patient is maastricht classification type?","input":"Choices: ['Type 1', 'Type 2', 'Type 3', 'Type 4']","output":"Type 1"} +{"instruction":"An average patient with maxillofacial trauma requires how much of daily sodium?","input":"Choices: ['100 mmol', '50-60 mmol', '10 mmol', '1000 mmol']","output":"100 mmol"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following does not need a primer ?","input":"Choices: ['DNA Polymerase I', 'RNA Polymerase', 'DNA Polymerase II', 'DNA Polymerase III']","output":"RNA Polymerase"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is most strongly associated with coronary hea disease?","input":"Choices: ['Apolipoproteins', 'VLDL', 'HDL', 'Totallipoproteins']","output":"Apolipoproteins"} +{"instruction":"The Hematopoietic syndrome results when acute whole-body radiation exposure is above","input":"Choices: ['50 rad', '100 rad', '200 rad', '400 rad']","output":"200 rad"} +{"instruction":"Most potential route for transmission of meningitis from CNS to Inner ear is-","input":"Choices: ['Aqueduct of Sylvius', 'Aqueduct of Cochlea', 'Vestibular aqueduct', 'Hyle fissure']","output":"Aqueduct of Cochlea"} +{"instruction":"Biomedical waste when mixed with cement is known as","input":"Choices: ['Incineration', 'Autoclaving', 'Inertization', 'Shredding']","output":"Inertization"} +{"instruction":"An unidentified dead body is bought for autopsy.You notice a faded tattoo mark on the left arm of the .Which of the following methods can use to enhance the tattoo mark for identification","input":"Choices: ['Application of isopropyl alochol', 'Infrared photography', 'Bright illumination', 'All of the above']","output":"Infrared photography"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is not true about tabes Dorsalis -","input":"Choices: ['Seen in Neurosyphiilis', 'Deep tendon reflexes are brisk', 'Loss of vibration sense', 'Acute abdominal pain and visceral symptoms']","output":"Deep tendon reflexes are brisk"} +{"instruction":"A 40 year old diabetic male present with vitrous haemorrhage. Most impoant cause for it is","input":"Choices: ['Poterior vitreous detachment', 'CRVO', 'CRA trauma', 'Neovascularization of disc']","output":"Neovascularization of disc"} +{"instruction":"Not a marker for muscle tumor","input":"Choices: ['Desmin', 'Actin', 'Neurofilament', 'Intermediate filament']","output":"Neurofilament"} +{"instruction":"Across the cell membrane of a skeletal muscle cell in the resting state with a non electrogenic pump (1 Na+ : 1K+)","input":"Choices: ['Both sodium and potassium are in electrochemi¬cal equilibrium', 'The rate of sodium influx is equal to the rate of potassium efflux', 'The rate of sodium influx is much less than the rate of potassium efflux', 'The rate of sodium influx is much greater than the rate of potassium efflux']","output":"The rate of sodium influx is equal to the rate of potassium efflux"} +{"instruction":"Diastatic fracture refers to fracture through :-","input":"Choices: ['Outer table of skull', 'Cranial sutural lines', 'Inner table of skull', 'Diaphysis of long bnes']","output":"Cranial sutural lines"} +{"instruction":"Bell's palsy not responding to the steroid. What will be the further line of management -","input":"Choices: ['Increase the dose of steroid', 'Vasodilators and ACTH', 'Surgical decompression', 'Electrophysiological nerve testing']","output":"Electrophysiological nerve testing"} +{"instruction":"The earliest symptom of acoustic nerve tumour is","input":"Choices: ['Tinnitus', 'Hearing loss', 'Veigo', 'Otorrhoea']","output":"Hearing loss"} +{"instruction":"Not a Protease inhibitor is ?","input":"Choices: ['Nelfinavir', 'Saquinavir', 'Ritonavir', 'Abacavir']","output":"Abacavir"} +{"instruction":"Treatment of congenital hydrocephalus is -","input":"Choices: ['Ventriculoperitoneal shunt', 'Sterestactic radio surgery', 'Diuretics', 'Radiotherapy']","output":"Ventriculoperitoneal shunt"} +{"instruction":"Pregnancy rate with female condom as compared to male condom,","input":"Choices: ['Lesser than male condom', 'Higher than male condom', 'Same as male condom', 'Zero']","output":"Higher than male condom"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is\/are not the cause of hypopigmentation:","input":"Choices: ['Leprosy', 'Pinta', 'Syphilis', 'None']","output":"None"} +{"instruction":"Ultrasonography transducer contain –","input":"Choices: ['Sodium fluoride', 'Lead Zirconate', 'Caesium fluoride', 'None']","output":"Lead Zirconate"} +{"instruction":"Not a complication of orbital cellulitis","input":"Choices: ['Exposure keratopathy', 'Optic neuritis', 'Subperiosteal abscess', 'Retinal detachment']","output":"Retinal detachment"} +{"instruction":"Lutein and theca lutein cysts may be associated with all the following except","input":"Choices: ['Mole', 'Choriocarcinoma', 'Stein-leventhal syndrome(PCOS)', 'Pregnancy']","output":"Stein-leventhal syndrome(PCOS)"} +{"instruction":"Snyder's test measures","input":"Choices: ['Amount of acid produced', 'Number of new caries lesion', 'Buffering action of saliva', 'Antibiotic activity of saliva']","output":"Amount of acid produced"} +{"instruction":"Lactic acidosis is a side effect of:","input":"Choices: ['Phenformin', 'Metformin', 'Chlorpropramide', 'Glibenclamide']","output":"Phenformin"} +{"instruction":"True about iron is","input":"Choices: ['Parenteral iron is indicated when anemia response slowly to oral iron', 'Ferrous sulphate 200mg has less elemental iron then the same dose of ferrous gluconate', 'Sustained release iron is a useful way of giving larger doses', 'Absorption of iron is increased by ascorbic acid']","output":"Absorption of iron is increased by ascorbic acid"} +{"instruction":"High dose radiotherapy causes pancreatic ?","input":"Choices: ['Acinar deficiency', 'Islets of Langerhans deficiency', 'A + B', 'None']","output":"Acinar deficiency"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is terminal group of axillary lymph node?","input":"Choices: ['Pectoral', 'Apical', 'Lateral', 'Central']","output":"Apical"} +{"instruction":"The most common site of the internal opening of a bronchial fistula is at the -","input":"Choices: ['Lateral nasopharyngeal wall', 'Fossa of Rosenmuller', 'Gingivo - labial sulcus', 'Tonsillar fossa']","output":"Tonsillar fossa"} +{"instruction":"An 18-year-old man is brought to the emergency department with a stab wound just to the right of the sternum in the sixth intercostal space. His blood pressure is 80 mm Hg. Faint heart sounds and pulsus paradoxus are noted. Auscultation of the right chest reveals decreased breath sounds. The initial management of this patient should be which of the following?","input":"Choices: ['Aspiration of the right chest cavity', 'Aspiration of the pericardium', 'Echocardiogram', 'Pericardial window']","output":"Aspiration of the right chest cavity"} +{"instruction":"Tentative cuts are seen in: (PGI June 2009)","input":"Choices: ['Homicidal wound', 'Suicidal wound', 'Rail track accidental wound', 'Road traffic accident']","output":"Suicidal wound"} +{"instruction":"All of the following transport processes follow 'saturation kinetics' except","input":"Choices: ['Facilitated diffusion', 'Na+ - Ca2+ exchanger', 'Simple diffusion', 'Na+ coupled active transport']","output":"Simple diffusion"} +{"instruction":"Figure of 8 configuration on chest x–ray is seen in –","input":"Choices: ['TOF', 'ASD', 'TAPVC', 'VSD']","output":"TAPVC"} +{"instruction":"Chronically lymphoedematous limb ispredisposed to all of the following except -","input":"Choices: ['Thickening of the skin', 'Recurrent soft tissue infections', \"Marjolin's ulcer\", 'Sarcoma']","output":"Marjolin's ulcer"} +{"instruction":"Great cerebral vein drains into -","input":"Choices: ['Transverse sinus', 'IJV', 'Straight sinus', 'Superior cerebral vein']","output":"Straight sinus"} +{"instruction":"All are the contents of deep perineal pouch except?","input":"Choices: ['Bulbourethral glands', 'Internal urethral sphincter', 'Dorsal nerve of penis', 'Bulb of penis']","output":"Bulb of penis"} +{"instruction":"All of the following are seen in Neurofibromtosis, Except","input":"Choices: ['Lisch nodules', 'Axillary Freckling', 'Shagreen Patch', 'Caffe-au-lait spots']","output":"Shagreen Patch"} +{"instruction":"Azidothymidine (Zidovudine), commonest side effect is","input":"Choices: ['Hyperuricemia', 'Pancreatitis', 'Peripheral neuropathy', 'Macrocytic anaemia']","output":"Macrocytic anaemia"} +{"instruction":"Dalen fuch nodule is seen in?","input":"Choices: ['Bacterial endopthalmitis', 'Mycotic endopthalmitis', 'Sympathetic opthalmitis', 'Phacotoxic endopthalmitis']","output":"Sympathetic opthalmitis"} +{"instruction":"All statements regarding ketamine are true except –","input":"Choices: ['May be arrythmogenic', 'Raised ICT do not respond to CO2 level', 'Vasodilator and negative ionotropic effect', 'Psychomimetic emergence']","output":"Raised ICT do not respond to CO2 level"} +{"instruction":"HCL secretion is stimulated by:","input":"Choices: ['Secretin', 'Somatostatin', 'Histamine', 'All']","output":"Histamine"} +{"instruction":"25-year-old female presented to emergency with palpitations and dizziness. ECG was done and was diagnosed supraventricular tachycardia. Her blood pressure was 60\/40 mm Hg. First line of management for this patient is ?","input":"Choices: ['Adenosine 6 mg IV', 'Vagal manoeuvre', 'Cardioversion', 'Adenosine 12 mg IV']","output":"Cardioversion"} +{"instruction":"The burrows in scabies is in the -","input":"Choices: ['Stratum basale', 'Stratum granulosum', 'Stratum corneum', 'Dermis']","output":"Stratum corneum"} +{"instruction":"All of the following are autosomal dominant disorder except?","input":"Choices: ['Von hippel lindau disease', 'Achondroplasia', 'Duchenner muscular dystrophy', 'Multiple endocrine neoplasia']","output":"Duchenner muscular dystrophy"} +{"instruction":"Insulin-dependent glucose transpo is through","input":"Choices: ['GLUT 2', 'GLUT 3', 'GLUT 4', 'GLUT 1']","output":"GLUT 4"} +{"instruction":"Amaurosis fugax does not occur in","input":"Choices: ['Papillitis', 'Migraine', 'Giant cell arteritis', 'Venous stasis retinopathy']","output":"Papillitis"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is NOT true concerning the dentate line of the anal canal?","input":"Choices: ['It is a mucocutaneous junction joining the embryonic hindgut and the proctodeum', 'The columnar epithelium of the rectum is replaced at the level of the dentate line', 'The anal canal below the dentate contains the columns of Morgagni', 'Distal to the dentate the anus is lined with stratified squamous epithelium']","output":"The anal canal below the dentate contains the columns of Morgagni"} +{"instruction":"All of the following are mediators of acute inflammation except -","input":"Choices: ['Angiotensin', 'Prostaglandin E2', 'Kallikrein', 'C 3a']","output":"Angiotensin"} +{"instruction":"Anorchia best diagnosed by:","input":"Choices: ['USG', 'SPECT', 'CT', 'Laparoscopy']","output":"Laparoscopy"} +{"instruction":"Education criteria for mental retardation is ?","input":"Choices: ['Mild', 'Moderate', 'Severe', 'Profound']","output":"Mild"} +{"instruction":"A hypeensive patient with BP 160\/90 mm of Hg presents with increased level of Lipoprotein A. Which hypolipidemic drug will you prescribe?","input":"Choices: ['Fenofibrate', 'Pitavastatin', 'Niacin', 'Ezetimibe']","output":"Niacin"} +{"instruction":"What are the findings in U\/S, which suggests incompetent os :","input":"Choices: ['Cervical length', 'Funneling of amniotic sac', 'Internal os', 'All']","output":"All"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following compounds acts as a benzodiaz epine antagonist?","input":"Choices: ['Flumazenil', 'Naloxone', 'Furazolidone', 'Naltrexone']","output":"Flumazenil"} +{"instruction":"Nerve involvement in Frey&;s syndrome is","input":"Choices: ['Trigeminal', 'Mandibular', 'Aurico temporal', 'Lingual']","output":"Aurico temporal"} +{"instruction":"Orange - skin cornea is due to","input":"Choices: ['Siderosis', 'Chalcosis', 'Mustard gas', 'Lindane']","output":"Mustard gas"} +{"instruction":"Most common malignant tumour of bone is:","input":"Choices: ['Osteogenic sarcoma', 'Chondro sarcoma', \"Ewing's sarcoma\", 'Metastasis']","output":"Metastasis"} +{"instruction":"Incineration is done for waste category ?","input":"Choices: ['Category 7', 'Category 9', 'Category 6', 'Category 5']","output":"Category 6"} +{"instruction":"Advantage of palatal strap:","input":"Choices: ['Increased rigidity with Less bulk', 'Increased retention of appliance', 'Can be used in Kennedy class I partial dentures', 'More economical and comfortable to patient']","output":"Increased rigidity with Less bulk"} +{"instruction":"Most common neoplasm of appendix is:","input":"Choices: ['Lymphoma', 'Adenocarcinoma', 'Leiomyosarcoma', 'Argentaffinoma']","output":"Argentaffinoma"} +{"instruction":"In comparison to maxillary first molar 2nd molar has","input":"Choices: ['More distorted crown', 'Obtuse angle becomes more obtuse', 'Acute angle becomes more acute', 'All of the above']","output":"All of the above"} +{"instruction":"Reverse folding of proteins is carried out by which enzyme?","input":"Choices: ['Valine', 'Threonine', 'Chaperone', 'Aspaate']","output":"Chaperone"} +{"instruction":"A 19-year-old man develops a rash in the groin area. On examination, it is a large welldemarcated area of tan-brown discoloration around his left inguinal area. There is some scaling of the lesion when brushed with a tongue depressor. Which of the following is the most appropriate initial diagnostic test?","input":"Choices: ['punch biopsy of skin', 'Tzanck smear', 'potassium hydroxide (KOH) preparation of scrapings', 'blood culture for fungi']","output":"potassium hydroxide (KOH) preparation of scrapings"} +{"instruction":"On autopsy, fine froth was found in the resp. tract, nose and mouth. Likely cause of death -","input":"Choices: ['Drowning', 'Hanging', 'Strangulation', 'Tooth paste poisoning']","output":"Drowning"} +{"instruction":"False about fracture of vertebrae","input":"Choices: ['Wedge compression cause flexion injury', 'Fracture dislocation is common in flexion rotation injury', 'Chance fracture occurs due to flexion distraction injury', 'Anterior longitudinal ligament runs along the posterior surface of vertevral bodies']","output":"Anterior longitudinal ligament runs along the posterior surface of vertevral bodies"} +{"instruction":"Sputum can be disinfected by all except-","input":"Choices: ['Autoclaving', 'Boiling', 'Sunlight', 'Burning']","output":"Burning"} +{"instruction":"Excision of the hyoid bone is done in -","input":"Choices: ['Branchial cyst', 'Branchial fistula', 'Thyroglossal cyst', 'Sublingual dermoids']","output":"Thyroglossal cyst"} +{"instruction":"True about aminoglycoside is all except:","input":"Choices: ['Are bacteriostatic', 'Distributed only extracellularly', 'Excreted unchanged in urine', 'Teratogenic']","output":"Are bacteriostatic"} +{"instruction":"Glycemic status over the last 2 weeks is best reflected by:","input":"Choices: ['HbA1C', 'Fructosamine assay', 'Anhydroglucitol assay', 'All of the above']","output":"Fructosamine assay"} +{"instruction":"IP-3 facilitates the entry of which of the following ions into cytoplasm?","input":"Choices: ['Na+', 'K+', 'Ca2+', 'Mg2+']","output":"Ca2+"} +{"instruction":"Tinea pedis is caused by which of the following -","input":"Choices: ['E. floccosum', 'M. furfur', 'M. canis', 'E. werneckii']","output":"E. floccosum"} +{"instruction":"Aerial blood gas of a 5-year-old child done at sees level gives the following results: pH 7.41, PaO2 100 mgHg, and PaCO2 40 mm Hg. The child is being ventilated with 80% oxygen. What is the (A-a) PO2?","input":"Choices: ['570.4 mm Hg', '520.4 mm Hg', '470.4 mm Hg', '420 mm Hg']","output":"420 mm Hg"} +{"instruction":"Chemical peeling is done by all except –","input":"Choices: ['Trichloroacetic acid', 'Phosphoric acid', 'Carbolic acid', 'Kojic acid']","output":"Phosphoric acid"} +{"instruction":"Humming bird sign on MRI is seen in","input":"Choices: ['Progressive supra nuclear palsy', 'Multiple sclerosis', 'Developmental venous malformation', 'All of the above']","output":"Progressive supra nuclear palsy"} +{"instruction":"Best Investigation for diagnosing Minimal Right Pleural Effusion is","input":"Choices: ['Right Lateral Decubitus Xiew X ray', 'CT scan', 'USG', 'Left Lateral Decubitus X ray']","output":"USG"} +{"instruction":"Major extensor of the thigh is -","input":"Choices: ['Gluteus maximus', 'Psoas major', 'Obturator internus', 'Iliacus']","output":"Gluteus maximus"} +{"instruction":"A 25 yr old man presents for a routine examination The patient is tall and on examination was found to have an early diastolic murmur Family pedigree given what is the mode of inheritance of the disease in this patient","input":"Choices: ['AD', 'AR', 'XLD', 'XLR']","output":"AD"} +{"instruction":"Gonadotropin levels decline to prepubertal levels by age","input":"Choices: ['6 month to 1 year of age', '1 year to 2 years of age', '2 years to 3 years of age', '3 years to 4 years of age.']","output":"1 year to 2 years of age"} +{"instruction":"A 35-year-old woman with epigastric pain, which did not improve on ranitidine, is found to have a nonhealing pyloric channel ulcer on upper endoscopy. Her serum calcium level is 12 mg\/dL.","input":"Choices: ['Watery diarrhea, hypokalemia, and achlorhydria (WDHA) syndrome', 'Somatostatinoma', 'Multiple endocrine neoplasia type-1 (MEN)-1', 'MEN-2A']","output":"Multiple endocrine neoplasia type-1 (MEN)-1"} +{"instruction":"Persistent low complement level is not found in -","input":"Choices: ['Post streptococcal glomerulonephritis', 'Mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis', 'Cryoglobulinemia', 'SLE']","output":"Post streptococcal glomerulonephritis"} +{"instruction":"Not true about Nifedipine used in hypertension pregnant woman","input":"Choices: ['Can cause myocardial infarction and pulmonary oedema in patients with severe gestational hypertension', 'Also used for tocolysis in preterm labor.', 'Can potentiate action of magnesium sulphate that is given for eclampsia neuroprophylaxis.', 'None of the above']","output":"None of the above"} +{"instruction":"Diagnosis:","input":"Choices: ['CBD dilatation on ERCP', 'CBD dilatation on PTC', 'Cystic duct dilation on ERCP', 'Cystic duct ectasia on ERCP']","output":"CBD dilatation on ERCP"} +{"instruction":"Recommended contact period in chlorination -","input":"Choices: ['30 minutes', '1 hour', '2 hours', '3 hours']","output":"1 hour"} +{"instruction":"All of the following can give rise to diffuse alveolar damage, except?","input":"Choices: ['Blood transfusion', 'Uremia', 'Fat embolism', 'Air pollutants']","output":"Air pollutants"} +{"instruction":"WHO formation day is","input":"Choices: ['5-May', '7 April', '10-Jun', '10-Jul']","output":"7 April"} +{"instruction":"All of the following are present in Superficial perineal pouch except -","input":"Choices: ['Sphincter urethrae muscle', 'Bulbospongiosus', 'Posterior scrotal nerves', 'Duct of Bulbourethral glands']","output":"Sphincter urethrae muscle"} +{"instruction":"All of the following are features of large intestine except","input":"Choices: ['Appendices epiploicae', 'Valvular conniventes', 'Taenia coli', 'Haustrations']","output":"Valvular conniventes"} +{"instruction":"The following is an antiapoptotic gene -","input":"Choices: ['Bax', 'Bad', 'Bcl-X', 'Bim']","output":"Bcl-X"} +{"instruction":"Slapped-cheek appearance is seen in:","input":"Choices: ['Parvovirus', 'EBV', 'HSV6', 'HSV 4']","output":"Parvovirus"} +{"instruction":"Trendelenberg test is positive in palsy of","input":"Choices: ['Gluteus maximus', 'Gluteus medius', 'Rectus femoris', 'Vastus medialis']","output":"Gluteus medius"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following variants of hypoxia does not stimulate peripheral chemoreceptors-","input":"Choices: ['Hypoxic hypoxia', 'Anemic hypoxia', 'Stagnant hypoxia', 'Histotoxic hypoxia']","output":"Anemic hypoxia"} +{"instruction":"In cystic fibrosis the most frequent pulmonary pathogen is","input":"Choices: ['Klebsiella', 'Enterococci', 'Staphylococci', 'Pseudomonas']","output":"Pseudomonas"} +{"instruction":"Renal Calculi associated with proteus infection is?","input":"Choices: ['Uric Acid', 'Triple Phosphate', 'Calcium oxalate', 'Xanthine']","output":"Triple Phosphate"} +{"instruction":"HIVrenal specific nephropathy-","input":"Choices: ['FSGS', 'Membrano proliferative', 'Mesangioproliferative G. N.', 'Membranous glomerulonephritis']","output":"FSGS"} +{"instruction":"The management technique which is more promising tool for application in health field is:-","input":"Choices: ['Cost effective analysis', 'Cost benefit analysis', 'Cost accounting', 'Input output analysis']","output":"Cost effective analysis"} +{"instruction":"Most sensitive parameter in monitoring iodine deficiency control programme is:","input":"Choices: ['Goitre', 'Urine T3.T4', 'Growth retardation', 'Neonatal hypothyroidism']","output":"Neonatal hypothyroidism"} +{"instruction":"Metastatic calcification is commonly seen in all of the following, except:","input":"Choices: ['Lungs', 'Kidneys', 'Gastric mucosa', 'Cardiac valves']","output":"Cardiac valves"} +{"instruction":"A patient with bipolar disease had a manic episode. Drug of choice in this situation is:","input":"Choices: ['Lithium', 'Amphetamine', 'Diazepam', 'Alprazolam']","output":"Lithium"} +{"instruction":"All are true about Pseudomyxoma peritnonei except","input":"Choices: ['Common in male', 'Associated with ovary tumours', 'Yellow jelly collection of fluids', 'Appendicetal adeno carcinoma']","output":"Common in male"} +{"instruction":"All the following drugs are used to prevent relapse and maintain abstinence in cases of alcohol withdrawal except ?","input":"Choices: ['Disulfiram', 'Acamprosate', 'Naltrexone', 'Propranolol']","output":"Propranolol"} +{"instruction":"The factor which promotes virulence of M. tuberculosis -","input":"Choices: ['Wax D', 'Cord factor', 'Muramyl dipeptide', 'Mycolic acid']","output":"Cord factor"} +{"instruction":"Deep inguinal ring is formed in:","input":"Choices: ['Transversus abdominis', 'Transversalis fascia', 'External oblique aponeurosis', 'Internal oblique aponeurosis']","output":"Transversalis fascia"} +{"instruction":"Bandl's ring is also called as :","input":"Choices: ['Constriction ring', \"Schroeder's ring\", 'Retraction ring', 'Cervical dystocia']","output":"Retraction ring"} +{"instruction":"An old man with hypeension and BP 210\/110 mm Hg is classified into Severe hypeension. Scale used is","input":"Choices: ['Nominal', 'Ordinal', 'Interval', 'Ration']","output":"Ordinal"} +{"instruction":"All of the following aeries take pa in the formation of anastomosis around the scapula except","input":"Choices: ['Deep branch of transverse cervical aery', 'Suprascapular aery', 'Lateral thoracic aery', 'Circumflex scapular aery']","output":"Lateral thoracic aery"} +{"instruction":"SIADH is associated with the following drug -","input":"Choices: ['Vincristine', 'Erythromycin', '5 - FU', 'Methotrexate']","output":"Vincristine"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is a gold standard investigation for diagnosis of renal stone?","input":"Choices: ['USG', 'Helical CT with Non - contrast', 'Helical CT with contrast', 'MRI']","output":"Helical CT with Non - contrast"} +{"instruction":"Anterior fontannel corresponds to all EXCEPT:","input":"Choices: ['Frontal bones', 'Coronal suture', 'Lambdoid suture', 'Saggital suture']","output":"Lambdoid suture"} +{"instruction":"First case which comes to the notice of investigator is:","input":"Choices: ['Index case', 'Initial case', 'Primary case', 'Secondary case']","output":"Index case"} +{"instruction":"Investigation of choice for evaluating a renal mass is -","input":"Choices: ['Plain X-ray', 'CT scan', 'IVP', 'Renal scintigraphy']","output":"CT scan"} +{"instruction":"Atrial natriuretic peptide causes:","input":"Choices: ['Increases glomerular filtration rate by acting via mesengel cells', 'Increases the permeability of renal tubules for excretion of sodium ions', 'Vasodilation', 'All of the above']","output":"All of the above"} +{"instruction":"Best X-ray to determine age of 12 years child: AP 11; Maharashtra 11","input":"Choices: ['Hand and wrist', 'Foot and ankle', 'Pelvis', 'Shoulder']","output":"Hand and wrist"} +{"instruction":"Submandibular gland is supplied by:","input":"Choices: ['Lingual artery', 'Facial artery', 'Submandibular artery', 'Inferior alveolar artery']","output":"Facial artery"} +{"instruction":"Antischkow cells are seen in -","input":"Choices: ['Infective endocarditis', 'Myocardial infarction', 'Rheumatic myocarditis', 'None']","output":"Rheumatic myocarditis"} +{"instruction":"C shaped curve on tympanometry is seen in","input":"Choices: ['Serous otitis media', 'Otosclerosis', 'TM perforation', 'Retracted tympanic membrane']","output":"Retracted tympanic membrane"} +{"instruction":"Healthy Human volunteers pa of which clinical trial phase?","input":"Choices: ['I', 'II', 'III', 'IV']","output":"I"} +{"instruction":"A 36-year-old G2P1 woman at 24 weeks gestation is noted to have fatigue of 4 weeks duration. Her hemoglobin level is 8.0 g\/ dL, leukocyte count is 2.0 cells\/ uL, and platelet count is 20,000\/ uL. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis","input":"Choices: ['H ELLP syndrome', 'Preeclampsia with severe features', 'Acute leukemia', 'Iron deficiency anemia']","output":"Acute leukemia"} +{"instruction":"Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis is characterized by?","input":"Choices: ['IgA +\/- IgG', 'IgM and C3', 'Granular IgG and C3', 'Linear IgG and C3']","output":"IgM and C3"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is an anchoring protein?","input":"Choices: ['Myosin', 'Actinin', 'Troponin', 'Tropomyosin']","output":"Actinin"} +{"instruction":"A 60 year old male presents with features of atypical parkinsonism in conjunction with cerebellar signs and early and prominent autonomic dysfunction, usually ohostatic hypotension is MOST likely suffering from:","input":"Choices: ['Multisystem atrophy', 'Progressive supranuclear palsy', 'Coicobasal degeneration', 'Wilson disease']","output":"Multisystem atrophy"} +{"instruction":"Chromophobe variant of renal cell carcinoma is associated with -","input":"Choices: ['VHL gene mutations', 'Trisomy of 7 and 17 (+7, +17)', '3 p deletions (3p-)', 'Monosomy of 1 and Y (-1, -Y)']","output":"Monosomy of 1 and Y (-1, -Y)"} +{"instruction":"A 45 year old male presented with palpitations, tachycardia & anxiety. His BP is 158\/90 mmHg. The patient also has mild depression and is presently taking citalopram, labetalol & amlodipine to control his blood pressure. 24-hour urine total metanephrines are ordered and show an elevation of 1.5 times the upper limit of normal. What is the next best step?","input":"Choices: ['Hold labetalol for 1 week and repeat testing', 'Hold citalopram for 1 week and repeat testing', 'Refer immediately for surgical evaluation', 'Measure 24-hour urine vanillylmandelic acid level']","output":"Hold labetalol for 1 week and repeat testing"} +{"instruction":"Cushing's disease is associated with:","input":"Choices: ['Increased ACTH and increased coisol', 'Increased urinary Catecholamines', 'Increased ADH', 'Decreased ACTH and increased coisol levels']","output":"Increased ACTH and increased coisol"} +{"instruction":"Carcinoid of heart involves?","input":"Choices: ['Valvular endocardium of right atrium', 'Valvular endocardium of left atrium', 'Mural endocardium', 'Myocardium']","output":"Valvular endocardium of right atrium"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following types of bias can be reduced by allowing equal interview time -","input":"Choices: ['Berkesonian bias', 'Recall bias', 'Selection bias', 'Interviewer bias']","output":"Interviewer bias"} +{"instruction":"S.N.A. angle describes the relationship of the:","input":"Choices: ['Maxilla to the cranial base', 'Mandible to the cranial base', 'Maxilla to mandible', 'Maxilla to the upper incisors']","output":"Maxilla to the cranial base"} +{"instruction":"All of the folloiwng statements about Ranolazine are true, except;","input":"Choices: ['Piperazine derived antianginal agent', 'May be used as first line agent in chronic angina', 'May improve glycemic control', 'Hypotension is an established adverse effect']","output":"Hypotension is an established adverse effect"} +{"instruction":"Thyroid function tests performed on serum from a 33-year-old woman reveal increased TSH, decreased total T4, decreased free T4, and decreased T3 uptake. Which of the following clinical features would be most likely to be seen in this patient?","input":"Choices: ['Diarrhea', 'Heat intolerance', 'Hyperactivity', 'Weight gain']","output":"Weight gain"} +{"instruction":"Shortest part of the male urethra is -","input":"Choices: ['Prostatic', 'Membranous', 'Bulbar', 'Penile']","output":"Membranous"} +{"instruction":"Strasberg'e class 'B' bile injury means","input":"Choices: ['Bile leak from a minor duct', 'Occlusion of a branch of biliary tree', 'Injury of bile duct not in communication with CBD', 'Circumferential injury to major bile ducts']","output":"Occlusion of a branch of biliary tree"} +{"instruction":"True about Lymphangioma is?","input":"Choices: ['Common in pubey', 'Respond in low doses to radiotherapy', 'Lymphangioma progress slowly and may invade local tissue', 'Predispose to cancers']","output":"Lymphangioma progress slowly and may invade local tissue"} +{"instruction":"Thymoma commonly presents with","input":"Choices: ['Myasthenia gravis', 'Renal failure', 'Hepatic failure', 'Testicular fiminization']","output":"Myasthenia gravis"} +{"instruction":"Prepyloric or channel ulcer in the stomach is termed as the following type:","input":"Choices: ['Type 1', 'Type 2', 'Type 3', 'Type 4']","output":"Type 3"} +{"instruction":"Manifestation of uretero vaginal fistula is :","input":"Choices: ['Overflow incontinence', 'Hydronephrosis', 'Continuous incontinence', 'Stress incontinence']","output":"Continuous incontinence"} +{"instruction":"Most important objective of doing a medicolegal autopsy is -","input":"Choices: ['Time since death', 'Manner of death', 'Cause of death', 'All of the above']","output":"All of the above"} +{"instruction":"Tober Ayer test is positive in","input":"Choices: ['Lateral sinus thrombosis', 'Petrositis', 'Cerebral abscess', 'Subarachnoid haemorrhage']","output":"Lateral sinus thrombosis"} +{"instruction":"For extra oral maxillary nerve block the target area is","input":"Choices: ['Anterior to lateral pterygoid plate', 'Posterior to Lateral pterygoid plate', 'Pterygomandibular fossa', 'Pterygomandibular fissure']","output":"Anterior to lateral pterygoid plate"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following anti-hypertensive is contraindicated in pregnancy:","input":"Choices: ['Beta blockers', 'ACE inhibitors', 'Methyldopa', 'Ca channel blockers']","output":"ACE inhibitors"} +{"instruction":"Oxygen - Hemoglobin dissociation curve is shifted to left by -","input":"Choices: ['Acidosis', 'Alkalosis', 'Hyperthermia', 'Anaemia']","output":"Alkalosis"} +{"instruction":"Which drug regimen is given in a pregnant woman with HIV infection?","input":"Choices: ['Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate with emtricitabine', 'Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate with lamivudine', 'Abacavir with lamivudine', 'ALL']","output":"ALL"} +{"instruction":"Hung-up reflexes are seen in?","input":"Choices: ['Chorea', 'Atheotosis', 'Cerebral palsy', 'Cerebellar palsy']","output":"Chorea"} +{"instruction":"Acetylcholine is not used commersially because:","input":"Choices: ['Long duration of action', 'Costly', 'Rapidly destroyed in the body', 'Crosses blood brain barrier']","output":"Rapidly destroyed in the body"} +{"instruction":"Not seen with controlled ventilation set at:","input":"Choices: ['Barotrauma', 'Alkalosis', 'Pulmonary embolism', 'Cardiac Temponade']","output":"Cardiac Temponade"} +{"instruction":"All of the following conditions are contraindicated or likely to worsen in a case of Primary Open Angle Glaucoma, when treated with Timolol maleate 0.5% eye drops, except","input":"Choices: ['Hypeension', 'Hypercholesterolemia', 'Depression', 'Bronchial asthma']","output":"Hypeension"} +{"instruction":"The major contribution of the amniotic fluid after 20 weeks of gestation:","input":"Choices: ['Ultrafiltrate and maternal plasma', 'Fetal urine', 'Fetal lung fluid', 'Fetal skin']","output":"Fetal urine"} +{"instruction":"All are features in our of seizure over syncope except","input":"Choices: ['No precipitating factors', 'Became immediately unconsciousness', 'Tonicor clonic seizures lasting more than 60 seconds', 'Nausea, tunneling of vision']","output":"Nausea, tunneling of vision"} +{"instruction":"Extensive formation of hard tissue on dentin walls, often in response to irritation or death and replacement of odontoblast, this process is called as","input":"Choices: ['Calcific metamorphosis.', 'Calcific degeneration.', 'Pulp polyp.', 'None.']","output":"Calcific metamorphosis."} +{"instruction":"The use of electro surgery facilitate impression making by","input":"Choices: ['Reopening the gingival sulcus', 'Forcing the impression material', 'Enlarging the gingival sulcus and control of hemorrhage', 'Hemorrhage']","output":"Enlarging the gingival sulcus and control of hemorrhage"} +{"instruction":"Best specimen for diagnosis of rabies in a living person is:-","input":"Choices: ['Corneal smears', 'Biopsy of skin follicles on neck', 'CSF', 'Saliva']","output":"Biopsy of skin follicles on neck"} +{"instruction":"True statement regarding Achondroplasia is :","input":"Choices: ['AR inheritance', 'Shortened spine', 'Increased risk of pathological fracture', 'Diagnosed at birth by X-ray']","output":"Diagnosed at birth by X-ray"} +{"instruction":"Metabolic acidosis may result due to?","input":"Choices: ['Diabetic ketoacidosis', 'Diarrhea', 'Renal failure', 'All of the above']","output":"All of the above"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following organisms is unlikely to be found in the sputum of patients with cystic fibrosis?","input":"Choices: ['Hemophilus influenzae', 'Acinetobacter baumannii', 'Burkholderia cepacia', 'Aspergillus fumigatus']","output":"Acinetobacter baumannii"} +{"instruction":"Web based program for monitoring TB is:","input":"Choices: ['Nikshay', 'Nischay', 'Nikusth', 'e-DOTS']","output":"Nikshay"} +{"instruction":"In an average population, the maximum bite force in the molar area is?","input":"Choices: ['100-200 N', '200-300 N', '500-700 N', '800-1000 N']","output":"500-700 N"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is not a Deep Lymphoid tissue","input":"Choices: ['MALT', 'GALT', 'BALT', 'DLT']","output":"DLT"} +{"instruction":"The values of systolic BP in a given data are 120, 120, 130, 120, 110, 110, 200. Which of the following will be best to used for central tendency in the given data?","input":"Choices: ['Mean', 'Median', 'Mode', 'Harmonic mean']","output":"Median"} +{"instruction":"Le forts operation is done in?","input":"Choices: ['Young patient with utero-vaginalprolapse', 'Elderly patient with utero-vaginal prolapse', 'Multiparous with utero-vaginal prolapsed', 'Pregnant patient with utero-vaginal prolapsed']","output":"Elderly patient with utero-vaginal prolapse"} +{"instruction":"Carbon monoxide diffusion capacity decreases in all, Except -","input":"Choices: ['Emphysema', 'Primary pulmonary hypertension', 'Alveolar haemorrhage', 'Infiltrative lung disease']","output":"Alveolar haemorrhage"} +{"instruction":"Most common cause of Neonatal Hypothyroidism is","input":"Choices: ['Throid dysgenesis', 'Transplacental maternal thyroid antibodies', 'Inherited genetic disorders', 'Decreased thyroglubin']","output":"Throid dysgenesis"} +{"instruction":"External branch of superior laryngeal nerve supply:","input":"Choices: ['Cricothyroid', 'Thyroarytenoid', 'Posterior cricoarytenoid', 'Cricoarytenoid']","output":"Cricothyroid"} +{"instruction":"Malignant otitis externa is characterized by all except","input":"Choices: ['Caused by pseudomonas aeruginosa', 'Granulation tissue is seen in the floor of extra auditory canal', 'Gallium scan is helpful for monitoring treatment', 'Malignancy of external auditory canal']","output":"Malignancy of external auditory canal"} +{"instruction":"Regarding a crystal, the true statement is :","input":"Choices: ['Molecules are arranged in same orientation with different confirmation', 'Molecules are arranged in different oreintation with different confirmation', 'Molecules are arranged in same orientation and same confirmation', 'Molecules are arranged in different oreintation but with same confirmation']","output":"Molecules are arranged in same orientation and same confirmation"} +{"instruction":"All of the following are concerned with auditory pathway except-","input":"Choices: ['Trapezoid body', 'Medial geniculate body', 'Genu of internal capsule', 'Lateral leminiscus']","output":"Genu of internal capsule"} +{"instruction":"The maximum DALY loss is for the following disease","input":"Choices: ['Schizophrenia', 'Unipolar depression', 'Bipolar depression', 'Mania']","output":"Unipolar depression"} +{"instruction":"A baby's blood group was determined as 0 Rh negative. Select the blood group the baby's mother or father will not have -","input":"Choices: ['A, Rh Positive', 'B, Rh Positive', 'AB, Rh Negative', 'O,Rh positive']","output":"AB, Rh Negative"} +{"instruction":"Pellegra can cause all of the following except","input":"Choices: ['Depression', 'Skin lesions', 'Spastic paretic syndrome', 'Acute heamon-hagic disseminated encephalomyelitis']","output":"Acute heamon-hagic disseminated encephalomyelitis"} +{"instruction":"All are bacterial diseases except:","input":"Choices: ['LGV', 'Donovanosis', 'Chancroid', 'Oral hairy leucoplakia']","output":"Oral hairy leucoplakia"} +{"instruction":"About Helicobacter pylori, all are true except:","input":"Choices: ['Is a Gram -ve spiral bacteria', 'Uncommon in undeveloping Asian countries', 'Urea breath test +ve', 'Associated with duodenal ulcer']","output":"Uncommon in undeveloping Asian countries"} +{"instruction":"Bias is unlikely to invalidate cohort studies used to assess risk of exposure because -","input":"Choices: ['Data collection is prospective', 'Large number of subjects is usually included', 'Exposure is usually determined prior to disease occurrence', 'Actual relative risk can be determined']","output":"Exposure is usually determined prior to disease occurrence"} +{"instruction":"Mycosis fungoides affects -","input":"Choices: ['T Cells', 'B Cells', 'NK Cells', 'K Cells']","output":"T Cells"} +{"instruction":"Bird beak appearance on barium swallow study is seen in -","input":"Choices: ['Achlasia cardia', 'Carcinoma esophagus', 'Hiatus hernia', 'Diffuse esophageal spasm']","output":"Achlasia cardia"} +{"instruction":"Pseudo aneurysms are most commonly due to -","input":"Choices: ['Atherosclerosis', 'Trauma', 'Congenital deficiency', 'Infections']","output":"Trauma"} +{"instruction":"Colour change in metamorphic calcification","input":"Choices: ['Yellowish discoloration', 'Pinkish discoloration', 'Brownish discoloration', 'Greyish discoloration']","output":"Yellowish discoloration"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following drugs has been recently approved for treatment of prostate cancer?(REPEAT)","input":"Choices: ['Leuprolide', 'Goserelin', 'Abarelix', 'Degarelix']","output":"Degarelix"} +{"instruction":"In the management of toxicity caused by ingestion of methanol in wood spirits, which one of the following statements is most accurate?","input":"Choices: ['Treatment should involve the administration of disulfiram in the ER.', 'Naltrexone is a suitable antidote in poisoning due to alcohols.', 'Ethanol will prevent formation of formaldehyde in methanol poisoning.', 'Hemodialysis will not remove methanol from the blood.']","output":"Ethanol will prevent formation of formaldehyde in methanol poisoning."} +{"instruction":"Which of the following can be used as die material?","input":"Choices: ['Gypsum', 'Epoxy resin', 'Electroplated silver', 'All of the above']","output":"All of the above"} +{"instruction":"Nocardia and actinomyces can be differentiated by","input":"Choices: ['Gram stain', 'PAS stain', 'Silver stain', 'AFS']","output":"AFS"} +{"instruction":"A 12-year-old girl fractures her right radius and ulna in a motor accident. Her arm is placed in a cast extending over the elbow, which nearly eliminates movement of her forearm muscles. Which of the following will occur in her forearm muscles after several weeks in the cast?","input":"Choices: ['Decreased capillarity', 'Decreased intracellular pO2', 'Decreased myoglobin oxygen saturation', 'Increased metabolic rate']","output":"Decreased capillarity"} +{"instruction":"Life span of neutrophils is:","input":"Choices: ['6 hours', '6 days', '10 days', '15 days']","output":"6 hours"} +{"instruction":"Function of Kupffer cells in liver is","input":"Choices: ['Phagocytic', 'Lytic', 'Secretory', 'Excretory']","output":"Phagocytic"} +{"instruction":"Least common site of calcified hydatid cyst is -","input":"Choices: ['Lung', 'Mediastinum', 'Extraperitoneal site', 'Liver']","output":"Lung"} +{"instruction":"A male 35 year old presents to the clinic with blackening and pain in upper anterior tooth. He also told that trauma to the tooth occurred 5 months ago. Intraoral findings reveal non-vital tooth #21. RCT was started and IOPA #21 taken for initial working length. After initial debridement of the canal was performed, another X-ray was captured with the initial root length measured and it appears that the file is approximately 4 mm from the apex. How could the doctor have obtained a more accurate initial length measurement?","input":"Choices: ['Increasing the vertical angulation of the cone in relation to the film', 'Decreasing the vertical angulation of the cone in relation to the film', 'Decreasing the horizontal angulation of the cone in relation to the film', 'Increasing the horizontal angulation of the cone in relation to the film']","output":"Decreasing the vertical angulation of the cone in relation to the film"} +{"instruction":"Causes of primary amenorrhea are all except","input":"Choices: ['Rokitansky syndrome', 'Sheehan syndrome', 'Kollman syndrome', 'Turner syndrome']","output":"Sheehan syndrome"} +{"instruction":"Which gas is NOT responsible for green house affect-","input":"Choices: ['Carbon monoxide', 'Ozone', 'Nitrous oxide', 'All']","output":"Carbon monoxide"} +{"instruction":"Components of 60 S subunit of ribosome are","input":"Choices: ['5.8 S', '23 S', '16 S', '18 S']","output":"5.8 S"} +{"instruction":"Mild dilated fixed pupil seen in","input":"Choices: ['Acute congestive glaucoma', 'Iridocyclitis', 'Chronic congestive glaucoma', 'Open angle glaucoma']","output":"Acute congestive glaucoma"} +{"instruction":"Phantom limb phenomenon is explained by","input":"Choices: ['Law of projection', 'Webers law', \"Fechner's law of degeneration\", 'Pascals law']","output":"Law of projection"} +{"instruction":"Pugilistic attitude is seen in: March 2011","input":"Choices: ['Burns', 'Electrocution', 'Drowning', 'Strangulation']","output":"Burns"} +{"instruction":"Minimum duration of developing coal minor pneumoconiasis is –","input":"Choices: ['2–4 years', '4–6 years', '8–10 years', 'More than 10 years']","output":"More than 10 years"} +{"instruction":"Choanal atresia is associated with which syndrome:","input":"Choices: ['VACTERL', 'CHARGE', 'APECED', 'LEOPARD']","output":"CHARGE"} +{"instruction":"Delusion is :","input":"Choices: ['Comprehensible', 'Reasonable', 'Both', 'None']","output":"None"} +{"instruction":"Which one of the following is false about scwachman - diamond syndrome","input":"Choices: ['Bleeding is most common early symptom', 'Splenomegaly', 'Infections', 'Hypocellular bone marrow']","output":"Splenomegaly"} +{"instruction":"True about rickets -","input":"Choices: ['Decreased alkaline phosphatase', 'Hyperphosphatemia', 'Hypophosphatemia', 'Hypophosphaturia']","output":"Hypophosphatemia"} +{"instruction":"William's syndrome is associated with","input":"Choices: ['Congenital Supravalvular Aoic stenosis', 'Congenital Subvalvular Aoic stenosis', 'VSD', 'ASD']","output":"Congenital Supravalvular Aoic stenosis"} +{"instruction":"A 60-year-old woman is having symptoms of muscle weakness and fatigue. On examination, her blood pressure is 110\/80 mm Hg, pulse 100\/min, JVP 1 cm, heart sounds normal, and lungs clear. Her serum potassium level is 2.5 mEq\/L, bicarbonate 15 mEq\/L, and anion gap is normal. The urine potassium is 10 mEq\/L.For the above patient with hypokalemia, select the most likely diagnosis.","input":"Choices: ['lower gastrointestinal (GI) losses', 'prior use of diuretics', 'RTA', 'current use of diuretics']","output":"lower gastrointestinal (GI) losses"} +{"instruction":"Weight of placenta at term: March 2013","input":"Choices: ['300 grams', '400 grams', '500 grams', '600 grams']","output":"500 grams"} +{"instruction":"Converging point of both pathway in coagulation is at:","input":"Choices: ['Factor VIII', 'Stua factor X', 'Factor IX', 'Factor VII']","output":"Stua factor X"} +{"instruction":"Toxic megacolon is most commonly associated with:","input":"Choices: ['Ulcerative colitis', \"Crohn's disease\", \"Whipple's disease\", \"Reiter's disease\"]","output":"Ulcerative colitis"} +{"instruction":"Megaloblastic anemia is\/are not caused by ?","input":"Choices: ['Vitamin B12 deficiency', 'Folic acid deficiency', 'Sodium valproate', 'All']","output":"Sodium valproate"} +{"instruction":"About Burkitt's lymphoma, true is-","input":"Choices: ['CD34 + ve & Surface Ig +ve', 'CD34 + ve & Surface Ig -ve', 'CD34 - ve & Surface Ig -ve', 'CD34 - ve & Surface Ig +ve']","output":"CD34 - ve & Surface Ig +ve"} +{"instruction":"Ferruginous bodies are seen in which of the following?","input":"Choices: ['Silicosis', 'Byssinosis', 'Asbestosis', 'Bagassosis']","output":"Asbestosis"} +{"instruction":"Drug used in refractory glaucoma ?","input":"Choices: ['Systemic glucocoicoid', 'ACE inhibitor', 'Alpha agonist', 'Beta blocker']","output":"Alpha agonist"} +{"instruction":"A 47-year old male, Kishore exhibited signs and symptoms of acromegaly. Radiologic studies showed the presence of a large pituitary tumor. Surgical treatment of the tumor was only partially effective in controlling the disease. At this point, which of the following drugs is most likely to be used as pharmacological therapy?","input":"Choices: ['Desmopressin', 'Leuprolide', 'Octreotide', 'Somatropin']","output":"Octreotide"} +{"instruction":"Q fever is caused by -","input":"Choices: ['Pseudomonas', 'Francisella', 'Coxiella burnetii', 'Rickettsia typhi']","output":"Coxiella burnetii"} +{"instruction":"The production of cervical mucus is predominantly stimulated by which of the following hormone?","input":"Choices: ['Progesterone', 'Estradiol', 'Estriol', 'Pregnenolone']","output":"Estradiol"} +{"instruction":"All the following are Derivatives of Dorsal mesogastrium except","input":"Choices: ['Greater Omentum', 'Falciform Ligament', 'Gastrophrenic Ligament', 'Gastrosplenic Ligament']","output":"Falciform Ligament"} +{"instruction":"All of the following are sexually transmitted, Except –","input":"Choices: ['Candida albicans', 'Echinococcus', 'Molluscum contagiosum', 'Group B streptococcus']","output":"Echinococcus"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is the drug of choice for OCD?","input":"Choices: ['Haloperidol', 'Clozapine', 'Doxapine', 'Clomipramine']","output":"Clomipramine"} +{"instruction":"Carcinoma endometrium involving uterine cavity more than 10 cms long with early myometrial involvement is","input":"Choices: ['Stage Ia', 'Stage Ib', 'Stage IIa', 'Stage IIb']","output":"Stage Ib"} +{"instruction":"A 22 year old man presents to ENT OPD complaining of itching, earache and discharge from the ear. Discharge is watery in consistency and have musty odour. On examination, doctor found black headed filamentous growth which resembled wet blotting paper. Which of the following is likely diagnosis in this case?","input":"Choices: ['Acute Otitis externa', 'Otomycosis by Aspergillus niger', 'Otomycosis by Aspergillus fumigatus', 'Otomycosis by Candida']","output":"Otomycosis by Aspergillus niger"} +{"instruction":"A common type of Ca in middle 3rd of the esophagus-","input":"Choices: ['Adeno Carcinoma', 'Squamous Carcinoma', 'Adeno squamous Carcinoma', 'Leiomyosarcoma']","output":"Squamous Carcinoma"} +{"instruction":"A 19-year-old man develops a rash in the groin area. On examination, it is a large well-demarcated area of tan-brown discoloration around his left inguinal area. There is some scaling of the lesion when brushed with a tongue depressor. (See Figure below) Which of the following is the most appropriate initial diagnostic test?","input":"Choices: ['punch biopsy of skin', 'Tzanck smear', 'potassium hydroxide (KOH) preparation of scrapings', 'blood culture for fungi']","output":"potassium hydroxide (KOH) preparation of scrapings"} +{"instruction":"In corrosive acid case is opened along:","input":"Choices: ['Lesser curvature', 'Greater curvature', 'Veical', 'Pylorus']","output":"Greater curvature"} +{"instruction":"Epistaxis in elderly patient is commonest in","input":"Choices: ['Nasapharyngeal carcinoma', 'Foreign body', 'Bleeding disorder', 'Hypeension']","output":"Hypeension"} +{"instruction":"Chinese lantern on transillumination seen in:","input":"Choices: ['Spermatocele', 'Epididymal cyst', 'Hydrocele of cord', 'Secondary hydrocele']","output":"Epididymal cyst"} +{"instruction":"True regarding cystic hygroma is -","input":"Choices: ['Non transilluminant', 'Lined by columnar epithelium epithelium', 'Develops from jugular lymphatic sequestration', 'All']","output":"Develops from jugular lymphatic sequestration"} +{"instruction":"Collecting tubules of kidney develop from-","input":"Choices: ['Ureteric bud', 'Mesonephric duct', 'Paramesonephric duct', 'Wolffian duct']","output":"Ureteric bud"} +{"instruction":"Riociguat is used in the treatment of:","input":"Choices: ['Gouty ahritis', 'Rheumatoid ahritis', 'Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypeension', 'Obesity']","output":"Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypeension"} +{"instruction":"who gave the concept ofintimacy versus isolation","input":"Choices: ['erikson', 'bleuler', 'freud', 'lorenz']","output":"erikson"} +{"instruction":"Congenital hyperophic pyloric stenosis usually presents -","input":"Choices: ['Within 2 days after bih', 'Around 1 week after bih', 'Around 2 weeks after bih', 'Around 2 months after bih']","output":"Around 2 weeks after bih"} +{"instruction":"Fluoride to be present in water (mg\/1,) to prevent caries -","input":"Choices: ['2', '0.4', '0.3', '0.5']","output":"0.5"} +{"instruction":"Chassaignac's tubercle lies at the level of -","input":"Choices: [\"Erb's point\", 'Stellate ganglion', 'Atlas', 'Odontoid process']","output":"Erb's point"} +{"instruction":"In newborn, the aery used for palpation of the pulse is","input":"Choices: ['Carotid', 'Brachial', 'Radial', 'Femoral']","output":"Femoral"} +{"instruction":"Dimorphic fungi are all except:(1987)","input":"Choices: ['Coccidiodomycosis', 'Blastomycosis', 'Candida', 'Histoplasma']","output":"Candida"} +{"instruction":"In Testicular Feminization syndrome Gonadectomy is indicated :","input":"Choices: ['As soon as it is diagnosed', 'At pubey', 'Only when Malignancy develops in it', 'When hirsutism is evident']","output":"At pubey"} +{"instruction":"In Piaget's theory of cognitive development 'out of sight, out of mind' and 'here and now' is seen in the stage of:","input":"Choices: ['Sensory-motor stage', 'Preoperational stage', 'Concrete operational stage', 'Formal operational stage']","output":"Sensory-motor stage"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is used to differentiate between hypercalcemia of malignancy from primary hyperparathyroidism?","input":"Choices: ['Hydrocoisone suppression test', 'Glucose challenge test', '24 hour urine calcium measurement', 'Percentage of ionized calcium']","output":"Hydrocoisone suppression test"} +{"instruction":"Astasia - Abasia is seen in -","input":"Choices: ['Parkinsonism', \"Alzeihmer's\", 'Schizophrenia', 'Hysterical conversion disorder']","output":"Hysterical conversion disorder"} +{"instruction":"pegloticase is used for treatment of:-","input":"Choices: ['Ankylosing spondylosis', 'CPPD', 'Chronic tophaceous gout', 'Refractory Rheumatoid ahritis']","output":"Chronic tophaceous gout"} +{"instruction":"A researcher draws unbiased sample of 100 adult delhites and find that their mean weight is 72 kg with a standard detion of 1.5. 95% of wt of delhites shall be between:","input":"Choices: ['66 and 78 kg', '69 and 75 kg', '70.5 and 73.5 kg', 'None of the above']","output":"69 and 75 kg"} +{"instruction":"Megaloblastic anaemia is caused by ?","input":"Choices: ['Diphyllobothrium latum', 'Schistosoma hematobium', 'Echinococcus granulosus', 'Taenia solium']","output":"Diphyllobothrium latum"} +{"instruction":"A physician notes weakness of a patient's thumb in extension, although rotation, flexion, abduction, adduction, and opposition are normal. Which of the following nerves is most likely involved?","input":"Choices: ['Median and radial', 'Median and ulnar', 'Median only', 'Radial only']","output":"Radial only"} +{"instruction":"What is true about Alfa 1 antitrypsin deficiency?","input":"Choices: ['Severe pulmonary disease', 'Liver biopsy revealing PAS positive diastase sensitive granules', 'ZZ genotype is associated with bad prognosis', 'All of the above']","output":"Severe pulmonary disease"} +{"instruction":"Randomization is done in clinical trials to:","input":"Choices: ['Avoid selection bias inside the study group', 'To avoid bias from general population', 'To eliminate comparability', 'Option not recalled']","output":"Avoid selection bias inside the study group"} +{"instruction":"Which MRI sequence is best suited for this lesion?","input":"Choices: ['T2W', 'Chemical shift imaging MRI', 'DWI', 'D STIR']","output":"Chemical shift imaging MRI"} +{"instruction":"A patient with acute psychosis, who is on haloperidol 20mg\/day for last 2 days, has an episode characterized by tongue protrusion, oculogyric crisis, stiffness and abnormal posture of limbs and trunk without loss of consciousness for last 20 minutes before presenting to casualty. This improved within a few minutes after administration of diphenhydramine HCI. The most likely diagnosis is","input":"Choices: ['Acute dystonia', 'Akathisia', 'Tardive dyskinesia', 'Neuroleptic malignant syndrome']","output":"Acute dystonia"} +{"instruction":"Pseudochylous ascites occurs in-","input":"Choices: ['Cirrhosis', 'Hyperlipidemia', 'Filariasis', 'Malignant ascites']","output":"Malignant ascites"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is\/are not the features of henoch-Schonlein purpura (HSP)","input":"Choices: ['Abdominal pain', 'Splinter hemorrhage', 'Thrombocytopenia', 'Epistaxis']","output":"Thrombocytopenia"} +{"instruction":"Restriction endonuclease cleaves","input":"Choices: ['Double stranded DNA', 'Single stranded DNA', 'Single stranded RNA', 'Polypeptide']","output":"Double stranded DNA"} +{"instruction":"A 10 year old boy, Pappu, died of acute rheumatic fever. All the following can be expected at autopsy except :","input":"Choices: ['Ashoff nodules', 'Rupture of chordae tendinae', 'Mc Callum patch', 'Fibrinous pericarditis']","output":"Rupture of chordae tendinae"} +{"instruction":"One of the following is apoptosis inhibitor gene","input":"Choices: ['p53', 'BCL -2', 'Rb', 'C -myc']","output":"BCL -2"} +{"instruction":"Dihydroergotamine differs from ergotamine in the following respect :","input":"Choices: ['It is a more potent oxytocic', 'It has antiemetic property', 'It has high oral bioavailability', 'It is more potent α-adrenergic blocker and less potent vasoconstrictor']","output":"It is more potent α-adrenergic blocker and less potent vasoconstrictor"} +{"instruction":"The antidote of poisoning due to Arninanita muscaria is","input":"Choices: ['Physostigmine', 'Amyl nitrate', 'Methylene blue', 'Atropine']","output":"Atropine"} +{"instruction":"Stage IV of ANUG according to Hornig and Cohen is characterized by","input":"Choices: ['Necrosis of the tip of interdental papilla', 'Necrosis extending to the attached gingiva', 'Necrosis exposing alveolar bone', 'Necrosis perforating skin of cheek']","output":"Necrosis extending to the attached gingiva"} +{"instruction":"The taste pathway from circumvallate papillae of the tongue goes through:","input":"Choices: ['Chorda tympani branch of Facial nerve', 'Greater petrosal nerve branch of Facial nerve', 'Superior laryngeal branch of Vagus nerve', 'Lingual branch of Glossopharyngeal nerve']","output":"Lingual branch of Glossopharyngeal nerve"} +{"instruction":"All of the following are true about Alzheimer's disease except?","input":"Choices: ['Number of senile plaques correlate with age', 'Underlying tau proteins suggest neurodegeneration', 'Number of neurofibrillary tangles is associated with the severity of dementia', 'Extracellular inclusions can be found in the absence of intracellular inclusions']","output":"Extracellular inclusions can be found in the absence of intracellular inclusions"} +{"instruction":"Which among the following is an antibiotic agent that penetrates burn eschar to reach interface with patient's ble tissue ?","input":"Choices: ['Mafenide acetate', 'Neomycin', 'Silver nitrate', 'Silver sulfadiazine']","output":"Mafenide acetate"} +{"instruction":"All of the following affect resting ventilation except","input":"Choices: ['Stretch receptors', 'J receptor', 'Oxygen', 'PCO2']","output":"J receptor"} +{"instruction":"A distressing complication of radical mastectomy is-","input":"Choices: ['Paralysis of the fifth finger of the hand', 'Odema of the arm', 'Loss of sensation of the medial side of the arm', 'Frequent skin infections of the hand on the affected side']","output":"Odema of the arm"} +{"instruction":"Following are the clinical tests used in diagnosis ofCDH -","input":"Choices: ['Barlow test', 'Ortolani test', 'Both of the above', 'None of the above']","output":"Both of the above"} +{"instruction":"A person presents with hemorrhagic fluid in a tense blister at dermoepidermal junction. Most probable diagnosis is:","input":"Choices: ['Pemphigoid', 'Pemphigus vulgaris', 'Pemphigus vegetans', 'Drug induced pemphigus']","output":"Pemphigoid"} +{"instruction":"Pulmonary vasodilatation is caused by ?","input":"Choices: ['Hypoxia', 'Thromboxane A2', 'Histamine', 'Angiotensin-II']","output":"Histamine"} +{"instruction":"All the following statements are true regarding methyl alcohol poisoning except","input":"Choices: ['It is characterized by high anion gapacidosis', 'It causes ocular toxicity', 'It causes high osmolal gap', 'Concurrent ethanol ingestion worsens the clinical features']","output":"Concurrent ethanol ingestion worsens the clinical features"} +{"instruction":"A patient loses the ability to flex his forefinger. The nerve that supplies the muscles that cause this action is formed from which of the following cord(s) of the brachial plexus?","input":"Choices: ['Lateral only', 'Medial and lateral', 'Medial only', 'Medial and posterior']","output":"Medial and lateral"} +{"instruction":"Which among the following is true statement regarding breast cancer metastasis?","input":"Choices: ['Metastases occur after breast cancers acquire their own NEW blood supply.', 'Batson plexus facilitates metastasis to the lung.', 'Natural killer cells have no role in breast cancer immunosurveillance.', '20 % of women who develop breast carcinoma metastases will do so within 60 months of treatment.']","output":"Metastases occur after breast cancers acquire their own NEW blood supply."} +{"instruction":"Secretin does not cause :","input":"Choices: ['Secretin does not cause :', 'Auguments the action of CCK', 'Contraction of pyloic sphincter', 'Gastric secretion increase']","output":"Gastric secretion increase"} +{"instruction":"What is the 1st thing to be done to a patient with tension pneumothorax-","input":"Choices: ['Insertion of wide bore needle in the inter costal space', 'Water seal drainage', 'Leave the patient at rest for air to be absorbed', 'None']","output":"Insertion of wide bore needle in the inter costal space"} +{"instruction":"QT prolongation is seen in all, EXCEPT-","input":"Choices: ['Hypothermia', 'Digitalis toxicity', 'Hypocalcemia', 'Romano wand syndrome']","output":"Digitalis toxicity"} +{"instruction":"Treatment of choice for Kawasald diseae -","input":"Choices: ['IV immunoglobulin', 'Steroid', 'Azathioprin', 'Not recalled']","output":"IV immunoglobulin"} +{"instruction":"Myocardial uptake gated acquisition scan (MUGA) is done for –","input":"Choices: ['Testing drug toxicity', 'Ventricular function & Anthracyclin induced toxicity', 'Myocardial perfusion', 'None']","output":"Ventricular function & Anthracyclin induced toxicity"} +{"instruction":"Commonest fracture in childhood is","input":"Choices: ['Femur', 'Clavicle', 'Distal humerus', 'Radius']","output":"Radius"} +{"instruction":"Ectopic ACTH syndrome is seen most commonly with","input":"Choices: ['Renal cell carcinoma', 'Lymphoma', 'Bronchogenic carcinoma', 'Pituitary adenoma']","output":"Bronchogenic carcinoma"} +{"instruction":"In an after coming head the following bone is perforated during decapitation:","input":"Choices: ['Occiput', 'Parietal', 'Palate', 'Frontal']","output":"Occiput"} +{"instruction":"A 36-yrs-old woman presents with increased trouble swallowing. Physical examination finds hypeension and sclerodactyly. Lab tests find Anti- Scl- 70. Which of the following biopsies is most characteristic of this disorder?","input":"Choices: ['A conjunctival biopsy that reveals noncaseating granulomas', 'A peripheral nerve biopsy that reveals rare acid- fast bacteria', 'A skin biopsy that reveals dermal fibrosis with an absence of adnexal structures', 'A subcutaneous fat biopsy that reveals an infiltrate of plasma cells and eosinophils']","output":"A skin biopsy that reveals dermal fibrosis with an absence of adnexal structures"} +{"instruction":"Orientation records are transferred by:","input":"Choices: ['Gothic arch tracing', 'Face bow record', 'Dual impression technique', 'Any of the above']","output":"Face bow record"} +{"instruction":"Which statin is given to an 8 years old child with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia?","input":"Choices: ['Simvastatin', 'Pravastatin', 'Atorvastatin', 'Lovastatin']","output":"Pravastatin"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following antibody is highly specific for celiac disease: September 2008 and March 2011","input":"Choices: ['Anti-gliadin antibodies', 'IgA antibodies to tissue transglutaminase', 'Anti-endomysial antibody', 'All of the above']","output":"Anti-endomysial antibody"} +{"instruction":"Little area is situated in nasal cavity in -","input":"Choices: ['Anterior inferior', 'Anterior superior', 'Posterior inferior', 'Posterior superior']","output":"Anterior inferior"} +{"instruction":"Histoplasma capsulatum is:","input":"Choices: ['Has wide capsule', 'Dimorphic fungi', 'A Protozoal agent', 'Amphoricin-B resistant']","output":"Dimorphic fungi"} +{"instruction":"A patient has multiple neurofibromas, acoustic neuroma and Hyperpigmented skin lesions; most likely diagnosis is -","input":"Choices: ['Neurofibromatosis', 'Tuberous sclerosis', 'Von Hippel lindau disease', 'Sturge weber syndrome']","output":"Neurofibromatosis"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following techniques is used for detection of variation in DNA sequence and Gene expression?","input":"Choices: ['Nohern blot', 'Southern blot', 'Western blot', 'Microarray']","output":"Microarray"} +{"instruction":"The objectives of tooth preparation are all except:","input":"Choices: ['To conserve as much healthy tooth structure as possible', 'To remove all defects while providing protection of the pulp–dentin complex', 'To retain the defective, injured, or diseased tooth form', 'To allow for the esthetic placement of a restorative material where indicated']","output":"To retain the defective, injured, or diseased tooth form"} +{"instruction":"Neuroblastomas - good prognositc factor is -","input":"Choices: ['N-myc amplification', 'RAS oncogene', 'Hyperdiploidy', 'Translocations']","output":"Hyperdiploidy"} +{"instruction":"Free radicals can be inactivated by following enzymes excepts:","input":"Choices: ['Glutathione peroxidase', 'Catalase', 'Superoxide dismutase', 'Myeloperoxidase']","output":"Myeloperoxidase"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following statements is true about hapten-","input":"Choices: ['It induces brisk immune response', 'It needs carrier to induce immune response', 'It is a T-independent Antigen', 'It has no association with MHC']","output":"It needs carrier to induce immune response"} +{"instruction":"Regarding phenytoin, false is:","input":"Choices: ['Induces microsomal enzymes', 'At very low doses, zero order kinetics occur', 'Higher the dose, higher is the half life', 'Highly protein bound']","output":"At very low doses, zero order kinetics occur"} +{"instruction":"Fordyce's Granules Oral cavity arise from -","input":"Choices: ['Mucous glands', 'Sebaceous glands', 'Taste buds', 'Minor salivary glands']","output":"Sebaceous glands"} +{"instruction":"RNA primer is synthesized by ?","input":"Choices: ['Topoisomerase', 'Helicase', 'DNA primase', 'DNA ligase']","output":"DNA primase"} +{"instruction":"A 5-year-old boy comes with overnight petechial spots 2 weeks back he had a history of abdominal pain and no hepatosplenomegaly. Diagnosis is –","input":"Choices: ['Aute lymphatic leukemia', 'Aplastic anemia', 'Idiopathic thrombocytopenis purpura', 'Acute viral infection']","output":"Idiopathic thrombocytopenis purpura"} +{"instruction":"Vitamin A deficiency is considered a public health problem if prevalence rate of night blindness in children between 6 months to 6 years is more than -","input":"Choices: ['0.01%', '0.05%', '0.1%`', '1.00%']","output":"1.00%"} +{"instruction":"All of the following are true about cryptorchidism,except:","input":"Choices: ['Cryptorchidism is a risk factor for testicular tumor', 'Seminoma is the most common tumor', 'Contalateral testis is also at risk', 'Orchidopexy reduces the risk of malignancy']","output":"Orchidopexy reduces the risk of malignancy"} +{"instruction":"First web space of toes is supplied by -","input":"Choices: ['Femoral nerve', 'Deep peroneal nerve', 'Superficial peroneal nerve', 'Sphenous nerve']","output":"Deep peroneal nerve"} +{"instruction":"Crescents are derived from -","input":"Choices: ['Epithelial cells + fibrin + macrophage', 'Mesangium + fibrin + macrophage', 'Tubule + mesangiaum + fibrin', 'Mesangiaum + fibrin']","output":"Epithelial cells + fibrin + macrophage"} +{"instruction":"Allosteric enzymes show the following characteristics, except","input":"Choices: ['Co-operative binding of substrate', 'Obey Sigmoid saturation kinetics', 'Effector site overlap with the active site', 'Active site and effector site need not be located on the same subunit']","output":"Effector site overlap with the active site"} +{"instruction":"Patient having gastroenteritis after eating contaminated food.microscopy showed gram-positive bacillus with subterminal spore. The bacteria is","input":"Choices: ['Clostridium per fringes', 'Staphylococcus', 'Clostridium tetani', 'Corynebacterium']","output":"Clostridium per fringes"} +{"instruction":"Therapeutic index is a measure of which of the parameters?","input":"Choices: ['Efficacy', 'Adverse effects', 'Safety', 'Potency']","output":"Safety"} +{"instruction":"This lesion are most commonly seen in which disease?","input":"Choices: ['RA', 'Ankylosing spondylitis', 'Psoriatic Arthritis', 'Gout']","output":"Psoriatic Arthritis"} +{"instruction":"Chaperone proteins play a role in","input":"Choices: ['Protein folding', 'Protein misfolding', 'Denaturation', 'All the above']","output":"Protein folding"} +{"instruction":"Chelating agent for copper, mercury, lead which is given by oral route: MAHE 12","input":"Choices: ['BAL', 'EDTA', 'Penicillamine', 'Succimer']","output":"Penicillamine"} +{"instruction":"Forschheimer's sign:","input":"Choices: ['Seen in rubella', 'Are red macules or petechiae confined to the hard palate.', 'Found after 2nd day of the rash', 'Pathognomonic of rubeola']","output":"Seen in rubella"} +{"instruction":"True about MMC (Migrating Motor Complex) is:","input":"Choices: ['Once in 90 minutes', 'Occurs in post-absorptive stage', 'Phase 1 shows irregular contractions', 'Motilin decreases MMC contraction']","output":"Occurs in post-absorptive stage"} +{"instruction":"All constitutes Berlin definition of acute respiratory distress syndrome :-except","input":"Choices: ['A known clinical insult within 1 week', 'Bilateral opacities in chest - x ray', 'Respiratory failure not fully explained by cardiac failure or fluid overload', 'Pulmonary aery end diastolic pressure less than 18 mm ng']","output":"Pulmonary aery end diastolic pressure less than 18 mm ng"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following cannot be assessed with cephalometric radiograph?","input":"Choices: ['Mandibular retrusion', 'Vertical facial disproportion', 'Incisor position & anguLation', 'Adequacy of dental arch perimeter']","output":"Adequacy of dental arch perimeter"} +{"instruction":"Tetracycline is used in prophylaxis of which of the following diseases?","input":"Choices: ['Cholera', 'Brucellosis', 'Leptospirosis', 'Meningitis']","output":"Cholera"} +{"instruction":"An increased incidence of cholangiocarcinoma is seen in all of the following except -","input":"Choices: ['Hydatid cyst of liver', 'Polycystic disease of liver', 'Sclerosing cholangitis', 'Liver flukes']","output":"Hydatid cyst of liver"} +{"instruction":"All are true about nephrotic syndrome in children except?","input":"Choices: ['It is not associated with hypeension', 'Minimal change disease in children <10 year', 'Massive proteinuria > 3.5gm%\/ 24 hours', 'Low complement levels']","output":"Low complement levels"} +{"instruction":"The following cytotoxic drug acts by inhibiting depoly merization of tubulin and thus producing abnormal arrays of microtubules","input":"Choices: ['Vinblastine', 'Paclitaxel', 'Etoposide', 'Mitoxantrone']","output":"Paclitaxel"} +{"instruction":"Components of innate immunity that are active against viral cells include: March 2009","input":"Choices: ['Cytotoxic T cells', 'B cell', 'NK cells', 'All of the above']","output":"NK cells"} +{"instruction":"Unit of enzyme activity -","input":"Choices: ['Millimoles \/ lit', 'Milligm\/lit', 'Mg\/dl', 'Micromoles\/min']","output":"Micromoles\/min"} +{"instruction":"A 30year old woman with family history of hearing loss from her mother's side developed hearing loss which is bilateral, slowly progressive, pure tone audiometry shows the bone conducting hearing loss with an apparent bone conduction hearing loss at 2000Hz. What is the most likely diagnosis","input":"Choices: ['Otosclerosis', 'Acoustic neuroma', 'Otitis media with effusion', 'Sigmoid sinus thrombosis']","output":"Otosclerosis"} +{"instruction":"Identity the true statement about Pulmonary embolism:","input":"Choices: ['S1 Q3 T3 is the most common ECG finding seen', 'There will be Left axis deviation', 'D-dimer is the gold standard investigation', 'Sinus tachycardia is most common finding on ECG']","output":"Sinus tachycardia is most common finding on ECG"} +{"instruction":"The risk factors of acute pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) are the following except :","input":"Choices: ['Menstruating teenagers who have multiple sex paners', 'lUD users', 'Women with monogamous paner who had vasectomy', 'Previous history of acute PID']","output":"Women with monogamous paner who had vasectomy"} +{"instruction":"The following antihelmintic acts by producing flaccid paralysis of the worm","input":"Choices: ['Quinacrine', 'Diethylcarbamazine', 'Mebendazole', 'Piperazine']","output":"Piperazine"} +{"instruction":"Type of inheritance in Tuberous sclerosis","input":"Choices: ['Autosomal dominant', 'Autosomal recessive', 'X-linked dominant', 'X-linked recessive']","output":"Autosomal dominant"} +{"instruction":"A30-year woman 2+0. hypertension have menorrhagia. Which of the follow ing is the best treatment for her?","input":"Choices: ['Combined pills', 'MIRENA', 'Hysterectomy', 'Transcervical resection of endometrium']","output":"MIRENA"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is complication of mastectomy?","input":"Choices: ['Seroma', 'Long thoracic nerve palsy', 'Angiosarcoma', 'All of above']","output":"All of above"} +{"instruction":"A 28-year-old female visits the outpatient clinic to receive the required physical examination for an insurance policy. Physical and laboratory examinations give evidence that she is probably a normal, healthy woman. A radiograph of the patient is shown below. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?","input":"Choices: ['Cholecystitis', 'Carcinoma of the liver', 'A caudal extension of the right hepatic lobe (Riedel lobe)', 'Pancreatic carcinoma']","output":"A caudal extension of the right hepatic lobe (Riedel lobe)"} +{"instruction":"Global eradication of Lyme disease is unlikely because?","input":"Choices: ['Borrelia burgdorferi can be maintained in nature indefinitely by a tick vector', 'Borrelia burgdorferi is resistant to antibiotics and disinfectants', 'Borrelia burgdorferi is resistant to environmental stresses', 'Human disease may reactivate after the primary infection (Brill-Zinsser disease)']","output":"Borrelia burgdorferi can be maintained in nature indefinitely by a tick vector"} +{"instruction":"Acute intermittent porphyria is caused by deficiency of enzyme?","input":"Choices: ['Uroporphyrinogen I synthase', 'Ferrochelatase', 'Uroporphyrinogen III synthase', 'Proto-oxidase']","output":"Uroporphyrinogen I synthase"} +{"instruction":"The hair examination is impoant for the following cases except :","input":"Choices: ['To find out its origin', 'To find the accused or victim', 'In case of sexual assault', 'In case of lead poisoning']","output":"In case of lead poisoning"} +{"instruction":"Researches decided to study the impact of iodized salt programme especially in hilly areas of Pakistan. They had chosen the most sensitive indicator for monitoring environmental iodine deficiency which was","input":"Choices: ['Prevalence of goiter', 'Prevalence of neonatal hypothyroidism', 'Prevalence of myxedema', 'Urinary iodine excretion']","output":"Prevalence of neonatal hypothyroidism"} +{"instruction":"Mulberry nasal mucosa is seen in","input":"Choices: ['Lupus vulgaris', 'Hyperophic rhinitis', 'Atrophic rhinitis', 'None']","output":"Hyperophic rhinitis"} +{"instruction":"68-years-old man weighing 60 kg has plasma creatinine 3mg\/dL. What will be creatinine clearance?","input":"Choices: ['10', '20', '30', '40']","output":"20"} +{"instruction":"What abnormality does this child have?","input":"Choices: ['Bruxism', 'Thumb sucking', 'Pica', 'Breath holding spell']","output":"Pica"} +{"instruction":"The wasting syndrome associated in cancer is","input":"Choices: ['Achalasia', 'Cacchexia', 'Atelexis', 'Cacoguesia']","output":"Cacchexia"} +{"instruction":"Acetyl CoA is necessary for:","input":"Choices: ['Aminoacid synthesis', 'Fatty acid synthesis', 'Glucose storage', 'All']","output":"Fatty acid synthesis"} +{"instruction":"Nitrogen atoms in Urea are derived from","input":"Choices: ['Aspartate', 'Ammonia', 'Both of the above', 'None of the above']","output":"Both of the above"} +{"instruction":"The commonest site for impaction of foreign body in the Gastro Intestinal Tract is","input":"Choices: ['Ileocaecal junction', 'Pyriform fossa', 'Pyloric sphincter', 'Cricopharynx']","output":"Cricopharynx"} +{"instruction":"Middle Ear Function is","input":"Choices: ['Impendence matching', 'Frequency discrimination', 'Intensity Discrimination', 'Speech Localization']","output":"Impendence matching"} +{"instruction":"Causes of high anion gap acidosis are the following EXCEPT","input":"Choices: ['Lactic acidosis', 'DKA', 'Renal failure', 'Diarrhea']","output":"Diarrhea"} +{"instruction":"Lining of fallopian tube is -","input":"Choices: ['Ciliated columnar epithelium', 'Cuboidal epithelium', 'Non Keratinizing squamous epithelium', 'Ependyma']","output":"Ciliated columnar epithelium"} +{"instruction":"Ice pack test is due for -","input":"Choices: ['Myesthenia gravis', 'Multiple system atrophy', 'Hyperparathyroidism', 'Hypokalemic periodic paralysis']","output":"Myesthenia gravis"} +{"instruction":"Population growth is said to be less than adequate requirement when NRR is -","input":"Choices: ['< 1', '1', '> 1', '0']","output":"< 1"} +{"instruction":"Precocious puberty is defined as all of following except","input":"Choices: ['Onset of menstruation before age of 10 years.', 'Appearance of breast budding before age of 8 years in females.', 'Menstruation before age of 8 years.', 'Puberty occuring before 9 years in male.']","output":"Menstruation before age of 8 years."} +{"instruction":"All are true about the trigone on the base of the urinary bladder, except ?","input":"Choices: ['Mucosa is loosely associated to the underlying musculature', 'Mucosa is smooth', 'It is lined by transitional epithelium', 'It is derived from the absorbed pa of the mesonephric duct']","output":"Mucosa is loosely associated to the underlying musculature"} +{"instruction":"Retention grooves in cast inlay provide:","input":"Choices: ['Secondary resistance form.', 'Secondary retention form', 'Primary retention form', 'None']","output":"Secondary resistance form."} +{"instruction":"All of the following are not true with respect to erythema multiforme except ?","input":"Choices: ['Targetoid lesions are seen', 'Steroids are the drug of choice', \"Koebner's phenomenon is seen\", 'Most commonly due to leukaemia']","output":"Koebner's phenomenon is seen"} +{"instruction":"Fraying at the ends of long bones is seen in:","input":"Choices: ['Rickets', 'Scurvy', 'Osteogenesis imperfecta', 'Congenital syphilis']","output":"Rickets"} +{"instruction":"Instrument used for lateral condensation of guttapercha along the canal wall","input":"Choices: ['Barbed broach', 'Plugger', 'Reamer', 'Spreader']","output":"Spreader"} +{"instruction":"Disseminated seminoma is treated by","input":"Choices: ['CT or RT and orchidectomy', 'Only RT', 'Only CT', 'Retroperitoneal lymphnode dissection']","output":"CT or RT and orchidectomy"} +{"instruction":"Second generation antihistamines used in allergic rhinitis are except","input":"Choices: ['Azelastine', 'Fexofenadine', 'Chlorpheneramine maleate', 'Desloratidine']","output":"Chlorpheneramine maleate"} +{"instruction":"True about hand hygeine -","input":"Choices: ['Betadine can cause irritation', 'Alcohol based preparation are used', 'Hot water is best', 'Gluteraldehyde is used']","output":"Alcohol based preparation are used"} +{"instruction":"Which is SsRNA unenveloped virus:","input":"Choices: ['HBV', 'HEV', 'HCV', 'None']","output":"HEV"} +{"instruction":"Major signs for AIDS case definition according to WHO are -a) Generalized lymphadenopathyb) Prolong fever more than 1 monthc) Prolong cough for > 1 monthd) Chronic diarrhoea > 1 monthe) Weight loss > 10%","input":"Choices: ['abc', 'ade', 'ace', 'abde']","output":"abde"} +{"instruction":"If intracellular is 15 mM and the extracellular is 150mM, what is the equilibrium potential for","input":"Choices: ['–69mV', '+90mV', '+60mV', '–90mV']","output":"+60mV"} +{"instruction":"A 72 farmer present in hospital with pin point pupil & increased secretions. The diagnosis is","input":"Choices: ['Alcohol poisoning', 'Opiod poisoning', 'Organophosphorus poisoning', 'Datura poisoning']","output":"Organophosphorus poisoning"} +{"instruction":"In a class V preparation, during application of rubber\ndam the punch of the tooth to be restored should be made:","input":"Choices: ['According to the template supplied', 'According to the existing arch form', 'Labial to the position of the tooth to be operated', 'Lingual to the position of the tooth to be operated']","output":"Labial to the position of the tooth to be operated"} +{"instruction":"Treatment of lepra reaction includes :","input":"Choices: ['Chloroquine', 'Corticosteroids', 'Stoppage of drug', 'All of above']","output":"All of above"} +{"instruction":"A child Knows one&;s full name by the age of ____________","input":"Choices: ['15 months', '24 months', '30 months', '48 months']","output":"30 months"} +{"instruction":"The therapeutic effect of sulfasalazine in ulcerative colitis is exerted by :","input":"Choices: ['Inhibitory action of the unabsorbed drug on the abnormal colonic flora', 'Breakdown of the drug in colon to release 5–amino-salicylic acid which suppresses inflammation locally', 'Release of sulfapyridine having antibacterial property', 'Systemic immunomodulatory action of the drug']","output":"Breakdown of the drug in colon to release 5–amino-salicylic acid which suppresses inflammation locally"} +{"instruction":"To define still bih, period is specified from -","input":"Choices: ['20th week of gestation to 1 week after bih', '28th week of gestation to 1 week after bih', '20th week of gestation to bih', '28th week of gestation to bih']","output":"28th week of gestation to bih"} +{"instruction":"Most common site of glioblastoma multiforme is -","input":"Choices: ['CP angle', 'Frontal lobe', 'Brain stem', 'Occipital lobe']","output":"Frontal lobe"} +{"instruction":"Propeies of alpha waves are all of the following except: September 2009","input":"Choices: ['It is most marked in the parieto-occipital area', 'It has a frequency of 8-12 Hz', 'Frequency is decreased by low glucose level', 'Seen in REM sleep']","output":"Seen in REM sleep"} +{"instruction":"Toll like receptors, recognize bacterial products and stimulate immune response by:","input":"Choices: ['Perforin and granzyme mediated apoptosis', 'FADD ligand apoptosis', 'Transcriptions of nuclear factor mediated by NFK-? which recruits cytokines', 'Cyclin']","output":"Transcriptions of nuclear factor mediated by NFK-? which recruits cytokines"} +{"instruction":"Patient with MCV = 60, Hb - 5 gm % MCHC-=20 &PCV =32 %, causes of anemia in him can be -","input":"Choices: ['Phenytoin', 'Blind loop syndrome', 'Hook worm infection', 'CRF']","output":"Hook worm infection"} +{"instruction":"A male patient 59 year old complains of multiple swellings in the neck, fever, and weight loss since 6 months. Patient is a known hypertensive and is on medication for the same. General examination reveals painless lymph node enlargement in the neck and on blood investigation, anemia is revealed. Lymph node biopsy shows cells that have a delicate multilobed, puffy nucleus resembling popped corn. Which variant of lymphoma is this?","input":"Choices: ['Nodular sclerosis', 'Lymphocyte rich', 'Lymphocyte depletion', 'Lymphocyte predominant']","output":"Lymphocyte predominant"} +{"instruction":"Battle's sign is?","input":"Choices: ['Periorbital ecchymosis', 'Ecchymosis around mastoid area', 'Facial congestion and cyanosis', 'Pulsatile ear discharge']","output":"Ecchymosis around mastoid area"} +{"instruction":"All of the following are true about Dermatophytosis except","input":"Choices: ['Tinea corporis is the most common Tinea in India', 'Tinea Pedis is the most common Tinea in world', 'Most common cause of T.Capitis in India is Microsporum canis.', 'Most common cause of T.Capitis in US is Trichyophyton tonsurans']","output":"Most common cause of T.Capitis in India is Microsporum canis."} +{"instruction":"All are features of congenital megacolon except -","input":"Choices: ['Large bulky stools', 'Tight anal ring', 'Pseudodiarrhoea', 'Failure to thrive']","output":"Large bulky stools"} +{"instruction":"Dust free alginate is","input":"Choices: ['Alginate + Glycol', 'Alginate + Glycerol', 'Both', 'None']","output":"Both"} +{"instruction":"Isoantigens are -","input":"Choices: ['Found in some but not all members of species', 'Found in some but not all members of species', 'Occurs in different biological species, class and kingdoms', 'All individuals in a paicular species']","output":"Found in some but not all members of species"} +{"instruction":"Disease elimination is helped by","input":"Choices: ['Herd immunity', 'Isolation', 'Quarantine', 'None']","output":"Herd immunity"} +{"instruction":"Ethambutol causes:","input":"Choices: ['Retrobulbar neuritis', 'Deafness', 'Red urine', 'Peripheral neuritis']","output":"Retrobulbar neuritis"} +{"instruction":"A routine ultrasound done at 20 weeks period of gestation done in a 31 years old gravida 1 para 0 revealed an anomaly. The patient comes to you with the following ultrasound film for a second opinion. What congenital anomaly would you explain to the couple?","input":"Choices: ['Omphalocele', 'Encephalocele', 'Cystic hygroma', 'Anencephaly']","output":"Anencephaly"} +{"instruction":"Microscopic examination of aicular surface of a synol joint demonstrates the following histology representing:","input":"Choices: ['Hyaline cailage', 'Adipocytes', 'Endothelial cells', 'Periosteum']","output":"Hyaline cailage"} +{"instruction":"A 40-year-old man sustained injuries to the liver, gallbladder, small intestine, and colon from gunshot wounds. At the time of surgery, a cholecystostomy was placed in the injured gallbladder to expedite operative management. Four weeks later, the patient is doing well. Which is the next step in management?","input":"Choices: ['Remove the cholecystostomy tube.', 'Perform a cholangiogram through the cholecystostomy tube.', 'Perform a cholecystectomy.', 'Perform a choledochoduodenostomy.']","output":"Perform a cholangiogram through the cholecystostomy tube."} +{"instruction":"Following are radiological evidence of Achalasia cardia except not related -radiology","input":"Choices: ['Smooth narrowing of esophagus', 'Dilated touous esophagus', 'Absence of air in the fundus', 'Exaggerated peristalsis']","output":"Exaggerated peristalsis"} +{"instruction":"MC complication of chicken pox in children ?","input":"Choices: ['Encephalitis', 'Sec. bacterial infection', 'Pneumonia', 'Otitis media']","output":"Sec. bacterial infection"} +{"instruction":"A newborn of 7 days old presented with meningitis. Most common cause –a) E.colib) Streptococcal pneumoniac) N. Meningitisd) Streptococcal agalactiae","input":"Choices: ['b', 'c', 'ac', 'ad']","output":"ad"} +{"instruction":"Kallu a 30 year old man, presented with subcutaneous itchy nodules over the left iliac crest. On examination they are firm, non tender and mobile. Skin scrapping contains microfilaria and adults worms of-","input":"Choices: ['Loa Loa', 'Onchocerca volvulus', 'Brugia malayi', 'Mansonella persutans']","output":"Onchocerca volvulus"} +{"instruction":"True about light microscopy in minimal change disease is","input":"Choices: ['Loss of foot process seen', 'Anti GBM Abs seen', 'IgA deposits seen', 'No change seen']","output":"No change seen"} +{"instruction":"A premature infant, when born, had low Apgar scores and was having difficulty breathing. The NICU physician injected a small amount of a lipid mixture into the child's lungs, which greatly reduced the respiratory distress the child was experiencing. In addition to proteins, a key component of the mixture was which one of the following?","input":"Choices: ['Sphingomyelin', 'A mixture of gangliosides', 'Triacylglycerol', 'Phosphatidylcholine']","output":"Phosphatidylcholine"} +{"instruction":"In a patient it is noticed that when he protrudes his tongue it deviates to the left. The nerve damaged is:","input":"Choices: ['Left hypoglossal', 'Left glossopharyngeal', 'Right hypoglossal', 'Right glossopharyngeal']","output":"Left hypoglossal"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following statements about squamous cell carcinoma of cervix is false:","input":"Choices: ['Common at squamocolumnar junction', 'CT scan is mandatory for staging', 'Post coital bleeding is a common symptom', 'HPV 16 and 18 are associated with high risk of carcinogenesis']","output":"CT scan is mandatory for staging"} +{"instruction":"pH 7.24, PaO2 55 mm Hg, PaCO250 mm Hg, HCO3-30 mEq\/L consistent with:","input":"Choices: ['Respiratory acidosis', 'Respiratory alkalosis', 'Metabolic acidosis', 'Metabolic alkalosis']","output":"Respiratory acidosis"} +{"instruction":"Which of following is true about allodynia?","input":"Choices: ['Hyperalgesia', 'Loss of sensory sensations', 'Perception of non painful stimulus as pain', 'Hyperaesthesia']","output":"Perception of non painful stimulus as pain"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following lesions is NOT an infection from human papilloma virus?","input":"Choices: ['Verruca vulgaris', 'Focal epithelial hyperplasia', 'Condyloma acuminatum', 'None of the above']","output":"None of the above"} +{"instruction":"Now-a-days Down syndrome is referred to as","input":"Choices: ['Submental disorder', 'Oligophrenia', 'Madness', 'Mentally unstable']","output":"Submental disorder"} +{"instruction":"At what age the ratio of the ICF to ECF volume approaches adult levels?","input":"Choices: ['14 days', '4 weeks', '6 months', '1 year']","output":"1 year"} +{"instruction":"Encephalopathy can occur as complication of which vaccine ?","input":"Choices: ['OPV', 'Rubella', 'Measles', 'BCG']","output":"Measles"} +{"instruction":"Differences between IMNCI and IMCI include the following –","input":"Choices: ['Identification and classification of common illnesses like malaria, diarrhoea, malnutrition', 'Incorporated guidelines on immunization', 'Training time devoted to sick young infant is more than for a child', 'IMNCI includes 0-7 days age programme']","output":"IMNCI includes 0-7 days age programme"} +{"instruction":"Which is an example of small vessel vasculitis?","input":"Choices: ['Takayasu arteritis', 'Kawasaki disease', 'PAN', 'Churg strauss syndrome']","output":"Churg strauss syndrome"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is not an action of epinephrine when administered intravenously in a high dose?","input":"Choices: ['Increases liver glycogenolysis', 'Causes broachiolar constriction', 'Evokes extrasystoles in the heart', 'Produces restlessness and anxiety']","output":"Causes broachiolar constriction"} +{"instruction":"Sandfly transmits-","input":"Choices: ['Kala azar', 'Oriental sore', 'Relapsing fever', 'Oraya fever']","output":"Kala azar"} +{"instruction":"Which is associated with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis ?","input":"Choices: ['Amiodarone therapy', 'Thin body habitus', 'Phenytoin sodium therapy', 'Right hemicolectomy']","output":"Amiodarone therapy"} +{"instruction":"Levine sign is seen in","input":"Choices: ['Stable angina pectoris', 'Acute bronchial asthma', 'Hemolytic anemia', 'Gastroesophageal reflux disease']","output":"Stable angina pectoris"} +{"instruction":"Band shaped keratopathy is caused by-","input":"Choices: ['Amyloid', 'CalcIum', 'Monopolysaccharide', 'Lipid']","output":"CalcIum"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following virus is oncogenic ?","input":"Choices: ['Arenavirus', 'Retrovirus', 'Reovirus', 'Corona virus.']","output":"Retrovirus"} +{"instruction":"A man coming from a mountain whose wife died 6 months prior says that his wife appeared to him and asked him to join her. The diagnosis is","input":"Choices: ['Normal grief', 'Grief psychosis', 'Bereavement reaction', 'Supernatural phenomenon']","output":"Grief psychosis"} +{"instruction":"Still born child is defined by:","input":"Choices: ['>20wks', '>24wks', '>28wks', '>32wks']","output":">28wks"} +{"instruction":"Base substitution mutations can have the following molecular consequence except","input":"Choices: ['Changes one codon for an amino acid into another codon for that same amino acid', 'Codon for one amino acid is changed into a codon of another amino acid', 'Reading frame changes downstream to the mutant site', 'Codon for one amino acid is changed into a translation termination codon']","output":"Reading frame changes downstream to the mutant site"} +{"instruction":"A 14-year-old boy falls on his outstretched hand and has a fracture of the scaphoid bone. The fracture is most likely accompanied by a rupture of which of the following aeries?,","input":"Choices: ['Brachial aery', 'Ulnar aery', 'Deep palmar aerial arch', 'Radial aery']","output":"Radial aery"} +{"instruction":"In diagnosis of AIDS, criteria include the following except -a) CD4 <200b) CD8 < 500c) CD 4 : CD 8 = 1d) Presence of any of the opportunistic infections tuberculosis,pneumosystic carinii, cytomegaloviruse) Western blot is positive","input":"Choices: ['ab', 'bc', 'acd', 'bce']","output":"bce"} +{"instruction":"Which bacteria show Rotatory motility","input":"Choices: ['Trichomonas', 'Mycoplasma', 'Balantidium', 'Borrelia']","output":"Balantidium"} +{"instruction":"Of the following Exotoxins are -","input":"Choices: ['Lipopolysaccharide in nature', 'Produced by grma -ve bacilli', 'Highly antigenic', 'Very stable and resistant to chemical agents']","output":"Highly antigenic"} +{"instruction":"Boiled lobster appearance is seen in poisoning with","input":"Choices: ['Sulphuric acid', 'Boric acid', 'Carbolic acid', 'Formic acid']","output":"Boric acid"} +{"instruction":"A 50-year-old male patient presented to the ER with chest pain which was precordial with referral to the trapezius ridge, neck, left shoulder and arm along with low-grade intermittent fever, dyspnea, cough, and dysphagia. ECG of the patient Which of the following organism is the most common fungal cause of the above condition: -","input":"Choices: ['', '', '', '']","output":""} +{"instruction":"Cognitive disordres are","input":"Choices: ['Intellectualization', 'Depersonilization', 'Dementia', 'All']","output":"Dementia"} +{"instruction":"Best tocolytic in a cardiac patient is:","input":"Choices: ['Atosiban', 'Isoxsuprine', 'Nifedipine', 'MgSO4']","output":"Atosiban"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is Not true about Rumination disorder?","input":"Choices: ['Failure to thrive', 'Appears between 3-5 years of age', 'Regurgitation of food', 'No Nausea']","output":"Appears between 3-5 years of age"} +{"instruction":"A 2-hour-old male infant vomits stomach contents and bile. The vomiting continues for 2 days. In addition, abdominal distension is noted, and he is unable to pass meconium (the earliest feces to be eliminated after birth). Which of the following is the most common cause of this condition?","input":"Choices: ['Infarction of fetal bowel due to volvulus', 'Incomplete closure of the lateral folds', 'Failure of recanalization of the ileum', 'Remnant of the proximal portion of the omphaloenteric duct']","output":"Infarction of fetal bowel due to volvulus"} +{"instruction":"Blue color of contusion seen at","input":"Choices: ['First day', '2-3 days', '4-5 days', '5-6 days']","output":"2-3 days"} +{"instruction":"Birbereck granules in cytoplasm are seen in?","input":"Choices: ['Mast cells', \"Langerhan's cells\", 'Thrombocytes', 'Myelocytes']","output":"Langerhan's cells"} +{"instruction":"FEV1\/FEVC ratio is decreased in all,except :","input":"Choices: ['Bronchiectasis', 'Emphysema', 'Chronic bronchitis', 'Tuberculosis']","output":"Tuberculosis"} +{"instruction":"Which wall is most often fractured in a blow out fracture of the orbit due to fistcuff injury","input":"Choices: ['Superior wall', 'Inferior wall', 'Medial wall', 'Lateral wall']","output":"Inferior wall"} +{"instruction":"Endophthalmitis involves inflammation of all of the following, Except –","input":"Choices: ['Sclera', 'Uvea', 'Retina', 'Vitreous']","output":"Sclera"} +{"instruction":"Mizou-Nakamura phenomenon in fundus is seen in:","input":"Choices: ['Congenital rod absence', 'Congenital stationary night blindness', 'Congential cone defect', 'Best disease']","output":"Congenital stationary night blindness"} +{"instruction":"Spigelia hernia is a type of hernia occurring at:","input":"Choices: ['Medial border of rectus abdominis', 'Lateral border of rectus abdominis', 'Lumbar region', 'Femoral canal']","output":"Lateral border of rectus abdominis"} +{"instruction":"True about vit–D deficiency rickets –a) Vit. D3 given at a dose of 50–150 mg\/dayb) X–ray knee joint is diagnosticc) Rickety rosary is tenderd) Increased chances of respiratory tract infectione) Hyponatrernia","input":"Choices: ['c', 'bd', 'ab', 'ac']","output":"bd"} +{"instruction":"Which of these organelles functions as the digestive system of the cell?","input":"Choices: ['Mitochondria', 'Rough endoplasmic reticulum', 'Golgi apparatus', 'Lysosomes']","output":"Lysosomes"} +{"instruction":"First case to come to notice of physician is:","input":"Choices: ['Primary case', 'Secondary case', 'Index case', 'Referral case']","output":"Index case"} +{"instruction":"All of the following indications of vasopressin are based on stimulation of V2 receptors EXCEPT :","input":"Choices: ['Central diabetes insipidus', 'Bed wetting in children', \"von–Willebrand's disease\", 'Esophageal varices']","output":"Esophageal varices"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following antimicrobials needs dose reduction even in mild renal failure ?","input":"Choices: ['Ciprofloxacin', 'Carbenicillin', 'Cefotaxime', 'Ethambutol']","output":"Ethambutol"} +{"instruction":"Presence of trifluroacetic acid (TFA) in urine indicates that volatile anaesthetic agent used was","input":"Choices: ['Halothane', 'Methoxyflurane', 'Trichloroethylene', 'None of the above']","output":"Halothane"} +{"instruction":"'Mobile eye clinics' is an example for:-","input":"Choices: ['Primordial Prevention', 'Primary Prevention', 'Secondary Prevention', 'Teiary Prevention']","output":"Secondary Prevention"} +{"instruction":"Treatment for parathyroid hyperplasia is","input":"Choices: ['Removal of 3 1\/2 glands', 'Removal of all four glands', 'Calcium', 'Enlarged glands to be removed']","output":"Removal of 3 1\/2 glands"} +{"instruction":"blue grey discolouration of skin","input":"Choices: ['chlorpromazine', 'risperisone', 'memantine', 'clozapine']","output":"chlorpromazine"} +{"instruction":"All of the following are true about Penicillins except?","input":"Choices: ['Penicillin V is acid stable, can be given orally', 'Probenecid increases the duration of action by penicillins', 'Benzathine penicillin is used in the treatment of Neurosyphilis', 'Penicllin V acts mainly on gram +ve micro organisms']","output":"Benzathine penicillin is used in the treatment of Neurosyphilis"} +{"instruction":"The best irrigating fluid during ECCE is?","input":"Choices: ['Ringer lactate', 'Normal saline', 'Balanced salt solution', 'Balanced salt solution + glutathione']","output":"Balanced salt solution + glutathione"} +{"instruction":"To which patient would the MMR be safe to administer?","input":"Choices: ['A 15-month-old HIV-infected child with a CD4 cell count of 700', 'A 25-year-old pregnant woman', 'A 12-year-old asthmatic on 20 mg of oral prednisone daily for the last 20 days', 'An 18-year-old with leukemia in remission whose chemotherapy was terminated 1 month ago']","output":"A 15-month-old HIV-infected child with a CD4 cell count of 700"} +{"instruction":"The most common etiology of sho stature is?","input":"Choices: ['Thyroxine deficiency', 'Growth hormone deficiency', 'Systemic diseases', 'Constitutional growth delay']","output":"Constitutional growth delay"} +{"instruction":"Which test is not useful in a patient with history of syncopal attack","input":"Choices: ['Electrophyciological test', 'Table tilt test', 'PET scan', 'Holter monitoring']","output":"PET scan"} +{"instruction":"'Telephone Handle' long bones are seen in:","input":"Choices: ['Achondroplasia', 'Thanatophoric dwarfism', 'Mucopolysaccharidosis', 'Acromegaly']","output":"Achondroplasia"} +{"instruction":"Erythrasma is caused by:","input":"Choices: ['Cornybacterium', 'Staph', 'Streptococci', 'Viruses']","output":"Cornybacterium"} +{"instruction":"For FITTER the shortest needle length in Pens should be....... mm?","input":"Choices: ['4', '5', '6', '8']","output":"4"} +{"instruction":"Hypersensitivity vasculitis is seen in-","input":"Choices: ['Postcapillary venules', 'Aerioles', 'Veins', 'Capillaries']","output":"Postcapillary venules"} +{"instruction":"In korsakoff psychosis all are seen except :","input":"Choices: ['Loss of remote memory', 'Loss of intellectual function but preservation of memory', 'Loss of intellectual function but preservation of memory', 'Reversible State']","output":"Loss of remote memory"} +{"instruction":"A 5 year old male patient complains of swollen and painful gums. He gives a history of delayed eruption of teeth. On extra-oral examination, an underdeveloped midface and prognathic jaw relationship was seen. Intraoral finding revealed open bite, macroglossia and generalized periodontitis. Which of the following is the most common etiological factor for this condition?","input":"Choices: ['Non disjunction during paternal meiosis', 'Non disjunction during maternal meiosis', 'Translocation', 'Mosaicism']","output":"Non disjunction during maternal meiosis"} +{"instruction":"Which is the primary gland responsible for thermoregulatory sweating in humans?","input":"Choices: ['Apocrine gland', 'Eccrine gland', 'Sebaceous gland', 'Holocrine gland']","output":"Eccrine gland"} +{"instruction":"Muscles used in normal walk during stance and swing?","input":"Choices: ['Popliteus', 'Gastrocnemius', 'Tibialis anterior', 'Iliopsoas']","output":"Gastrocnemius"} +{"instruction":"True about incontinenta pigmenti include the following except:","input":"Choices: ['X-linked dominant', 'Primary skin abnormality', 'Avascularity of peripheral retina', 'Ocular involvement is seen in almost 100% cases and is typically unilateral']","output":"Ocular involvement is seen in almost 100% cases and is typically unilateral"} +{"instruction":"Basic lesion in tobacco amblyopia is:","input":"Choices: ['Degeneration of ganglion cells especially of macular region', 'Degeneration of foveal cones', 'Ischaemia of optic nerve fibres', 'All of the above']","output":"Degeneration of ganglion cells especially of macular region"} +{"instruction":"Human colostrum contains more of the following nutrients than mature human milk, except –","input":"Choices: ['Lactose', 'Minerals', 'Proteins', 'Vitamin A']","output":"Lactose"} +{"instruction":"In a stable situation -","input":"Choices: ['Incidence = prevalence x Duration', 'Prevalence = Incidence x Duration', 'Incidence = Prevalence + Duration', 'Prevalence = Incidence+ Duration']","output":"Prevalence = Incidence x Duration"} +{"instruction":"A 5-year-old child is rushed to casualty reportedly electrocuted while playing in a park. The child is apneic and is ventilated with bag and mask. There are burns on each hand. What will be the next step in the management-","input":"Choices: ['Check pulses', 'Start chest compressions', 'Intubate', \"Check oxygen'saturation\"]","output":"Check pulses"} +{"instruction":"Which among Following drugs does not commonly produce fixed drug eruptions:","input":"Choices: ['Tetracycline', 'Ibuprofen', 'Sulphonamides', 'Mepacrine']","output":"Mepacrine"} +{"instruction":"Coronaryblood flow is increased by all of the following except","input":"Choices: ['Beta adrenergic blockade', 'A decrease in aerial po2', 'An increase in aerial pCO2', 'Vagal stimulation']","output":"Beta adrenergic blockade"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is catabolic pathway?","input":"Choices: ['Cholesterol synthesis', 'Glycogenesis', 'Fatty acid synthesis', 'Ketone body synthesis']","output":"Ketone body synthesis"} +{"instruction":"A 20-year-old female presented with complaints of nausea, vomiting and pain in the legs. Her physical examination and lab investigations are normal. Still she persistently request for investigations and treatment despite repeated assurance by her doctor. What would be the most probable diagnosis:September 2012","input":"Choices: ['Generalized anxiety disorder', 'Conversion disorder', 'Somatiform pain disorder', 'Somatisation disorder']","output":"Somatiform pain disorder"} +{"instruction":"Incidence of infeility isin reproductive age couples ?","input":"Choices: ['0-5 %', '5-10%', '10-20 %', '25-30%']","output":"10-20 %"} +{"instruction":"A 20 year old female has thoughts of cutting her fingers, and imagines doing it but never actually does it. She says she is not having any guilt of having such thought. And also says the thoughts are distressing her and she is unable to control them. The thoughts vanish either by ending with a seizure or automatically subside on their own. Which of the following is the likely cause?","input":"Choices: ['Obsession', 'Thought inseion', 'Forced thinking', 'Crowding of thoughts.']","output":"Forced thinking"} +{"instruction":"All of the following regarding adductor canal are true except","input":"Choices: ['Roof - Saorius', 'Contents - Femoral nerve', 'Anterolateral - Vastus medialis', 'Floor - Adductor longus and Magnus']","output":"Contents - Femoral nerve"} +{"instruction":"Holman Millar sign is seen in","input":"Choices: ['Nasopharyngeal angiofibroma', 'Cranipharyngioma', 'Nasopharyngeal carcinoma', 'Laryngeal carcinoma']","output":"Nasopharyngeal angiofibroma"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is s\/o ATN?","input":"Choices: ['FENa <1', 'renal failure index <1', 'blood urea nitrogen\/cr ratio <20', 'urine osmolality >1.010']","output":"blood urea nitrogen\/cr ratio <20"} +{"instruction":"IL-1 produces:","input":"Choices: ['T lymphocyte activation', 'Delayed wound healing', 'Increased pain perception', 'Decreased PMN release from bone marrow']","output":"T lymphocyte activation"} +{"instruction":"Counterfeit drug is ?","input":"Choices: ['Fake medicine', 'Contains the wrong ingredient', 'They have active ingredient in wrong dose', 'All the above']","output":"All the above"} +{"instruction":"Nuclear bag fibres are related to:","input":"Choices: ['Force', 'Length', 'Tone', 'Length and velocity']","output":"Length and velocity"} +{"instruction":"Felty&;s syndrome is associated with disease of-","input":"Choices: ['Thyrotoxicosis', 'Splenomegaly', 'Hepatomegaly', 'None of the above']","output":"Splenomegaly"} +{"instruction":"Vasanti, 28-year-old, presents with complaints of tightness of fingers. There is also history of dysphagia. Which of the following is the probable diagnosis:","input":"Choices: ['Dermatomyositis', 'Scleroderma', 'Rheumatoid ahritis', 'Polyaeritis nodosa']","output":"Scleroderma"} +{"instruction":"A 2-year-old boy is brought to the physician because his parents noticed a mass on his right testicle. Physical examination confirms the parents' observation. An orchiectomy is performed. Microscopic examination of the surgical specimen shows neoplastic cells forming glomeruloid Schiller-Duval bodies. Which of the following serum markers is most useful for monitoring the recurrence of tumor in this patient?","input":"Choices: ['CA-125', 'Carcinoembryonic antigen', 'Estrogen', 'a-Fetoprotein']","output":"a-Fetoprotein"} +{"instruction":"'Nocturnal enuresis' refers to involuntary urination at night beyond the age of?","input":"Choices: ['2 years', '3 years', '4 years', '5 years']","output":"5 years"} +{"instruction":"The following local anaesthetic raises BP instead of tending to cause a fall:","input":"Choices: ['Cocaine', 'Dibucaine', 'Lignocaine', 'Procaine']","output":"Cocaine"} +{"instruction":"Pouch of Douglas is situated between","input":"Choices: ['Bladder and the uterus', 'Bladder and public symphysis', 'Bladder and the rectum', 'Uterus and rectum']","output":"Uterus and rectum"} +{"instruction":"Not true about mucinous cystadenoma pancreas-","input":"Choices: ['Microcystic adenoma', 'Lined by columnar epithelium', 'Pre malignant', 'Focus of ovarian stroma in it']","output":"Microcystic adenoma"} +{"instruction":"Medial epicondylitis is called?","input":"Choices: ['Tennis elbow', \"Golfer's elbow\", 'Student elbow', 'Miners elbow']","output":"Golfer's elbow"} +{"instruction":"All of the following are removed in radical mastoidectomy except?","input":"Choices: ['Chorda tympani', 'Incus', 'Posterior meatal wall', 'Stapes']","output":"Stapes"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following passes through the foramen magnum -","input":"Choices: ['Vertebral Artery', 'Sympathetic chain', 'XIth cranial nerve', 'Internal carotid Artery']","output":"Vertebral Artery"} +{"instruction":"Botulinum toxin is used in -","input":"Choices: ['Focal dystonia', 'Myasthenia gravis', 'Cerebellare ataxia', 'Hypotonia']","output":"Focal dystonia"} +{"instruction":"Intravenous resuscitation is needed for any child with burn greater than","input":"Choices: ['10% total body surface area', '20% total body surface area', '25% total body surface area', '35% total body surface area']","output":"10% total body surface area"} +{"instruction":"Relative risk of developing TB in patients already infected with TB bacillus is highest in:","input":"Choices: ['Diabetes', 'Recent infection', 'Post transplantation', 'Malnutrition']","output":"Post transplantation"} +{"instruction":"Tumor not caused by PUVA is?","input":"Choices: ['Melanoma', 'BCC', 'Cutaneous T cell lymphoma', 'SCC']","output":"Cutaneous T cell lymphoma"} +{"instruction":"A 56 years old man has painful rashes over his right upper eyelid and forehead for the last 48 hours. He underwent chemotherapy for Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma one year ago. His temperature is 98deg F, blood pressure 138\/76 mm Hg and pulse is 80\/minute. The examination shows no other abnormalities. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis:","input":"Choices: ['Impetigo', 'Herpes zoster.', 'Pyoderma gangrenosum.', 'Erysipelas.']","output":"Herpes zoster."} +{"instruction":"The deltoid ligament is a strong ligament. It is attached to all of the following structures, EXCEPT?","input":"Choices: ['Medial malleolus', 'Medial cuneiform', 'Spring ligament', 'Sustentaculum tali']","output":"Medial cuneiform"} +{"instruction":"A neonate presents with colicky pain and vomiting with sausage -shaped lump in the abdomen, Diagnosis is","input":"Choices: ['Enterocolitis', 'Perforation of the abdomen', 'Intussusception', 'Acute appendicitis']","output":"Intussusception"} +{"instruction":"A 72-year-old patient with an intractable type I ulcer along the incisura with a significant amount of scarring along the entire length of the lesser curvature. Select the appropriate surgical procedure for the patient. (SELECT 1 PROCEDURE)","input":"Choices: ['Vagotomy and antrectomy', 'Antrectomy alone', 'Vagotomy and pyloroplasty', 'Vagotomy and gastrojejunostomy']","output":"Antrectomy alone"} +{"instruction":"Atlanto axial joint is which type of a joint?","input":"Choices: ['Pivot', 'Condylar', 'hinge', 'biaxial']","output":"Pivot"} +{"instruction":"Drug of choice for intraoperative right hea failure due to pulmonary hypeension","input":"Choices: ['Dopamine', 'Isoprenaline', 'Milrinone', 'Halothane']","output":"Milrinone"} +{"instruction":"Neurological manifestations of water intoxication are all of the following except: March 2009","input":"Choices: ['Headache', 'Confusion', 'Increased risk of intracerebral hemorrhage', 'Convulsions']","output":"Increased risk of intracerebral hemorrhage"} +{"instruction":"Deep transverse arrest is seen in all except","input":"Choices: ['Android pelvis', 'Epidural analgesia', 'Transverse lie', 'Uterine ineia']","output":"Transverse lie"} +{"instruction":"Rx of choice in chronic alcoholic with normal RBS, normal BUN, but altered sensorium -","input":"Choices: ['Vit. B! injection IM', 'Dextrose 50%', 'Dextrose 10%', 'Normal saline']","output":"Vit. B! injection IM"} +{"instruction":"In a Balanced Occlusion, if the incisal guidance is increased, then there is","input":"Choices: ['Increased condylar guidance', 'Increased curve of Spee', 'Increased plane of orientation', 'Cuspal height is decreased']","output":"Increased curve of Spee"} +{"instruction":"The diagnostic test for rickettsial infection is:","input":"Choices: ['Weil-felix reaction', 'WIDAL', 'Sabin test', 'Culture']","output":"Weil-felix reaction"} +{"instruction":"Normal cytoplasm-to-nucleus ratio is:","input":"Choices: ['1:01', '1:04', '6:01', '3:01']","output":"6:01"} +{"instruction":"Wilm's tumor is associated with all except:","input":"Choices: ['Hemihyperophy', 'Aniridia', 'Hypeension', 'Bilateral polycystic kidney']","output":"Bilateral polycystic kidney"} +{"instruction":"Best investigation in acute cholecystitis is:","input":"Choices: ['Technetium scan', 'HIDA scan', 'Pipida scan', 'Plain X-ray abdomen']","output":"HIDA scan"} +{"instruction":"Betaxolol is a:","input":"Choices: ['α blocker', 'β blocker', 'Calcium channel blocker', 'None']","output":"β blocker"} +{"instruction":"Most common cause of stridor sholy after bih","input":"Choices: ['Laryngeal papilloma', 'Laryngeal web', 'Laryngomalacia', 'Vocal cord palsy']","output":"Laryngomalacia"} +{"instruction":"The major purpose of randomization in a clinical trails is to -","input":"Choices: ['Facilitate double blinding', 'Help ensure the study subjects are representative of general population', 'Ensure the groups are comparable on base line characteristics', 'Reduce selection bias in allocation to treatment']","output":"Reduce selection bias in allocation to treatment"} +{"instruction":"Romana's sign is seen in:","input":"Choices: ['Trypanosoma brucei', 'Trypanosoma cruzi', 'Loa loa', 'Wuchereria']","output":"Trypanosoma cruzi"} +{"instruction":"Fastest route of absorption of local anaesthetic is:","input":"Choices: ['Intrapleural', 'Epidural', 'Brachial', 'Caudal']","output":"Intrapleural"} +{"instruction":"Bamboo spine appearance in lumbar radiograph is seen in:","input":"Choices: ['Ankylosing Spondylitis', 'Rheumatoid Arthritis', 'TB spine', 'Osteoarthritis']","output":"Ankylosing Spondylitis"} +{"instruction":"All of the following are the advantages of using Raloxifene over estrogen in post menopausal women except :","input":"Choices: ['Reduces fracture rates', 'Avoids endometrial hyperplasia', 'Reduces the incidence of venous thrombosis', 'No increase in incidence of breast carcinoma']","output":"Reduces the incidence of venous thrombosis"} +{"instruction":"Endoscopy tube sterilized by ?","input":"Choices: ['2 % glutaraldehyde', 'Na hypochlorite', 'Ethylene dioxide', 'Ionizing radiation']","output":"2 % glutaraldehyde"} +{"instruction":"Lamina densa attached to the underlying connective tissue by","input":"Choices: ['Anchoring fibres', 'Hemidesmosomes', 'Desmosomes', 'Laminin']","output":"Anchoring fibres"} +{"instruction":"A male infant presented with distension of abdomen shortly after birth with the passing of less meconium. Subsequently, a full–thickness biopsy of the rectum was performed. The rectal biopsy is likely to show –","input":"Choices: ['Fibrosis of submucosa', 'Lack of ganglion cells', 'Thickened muscularis propria', 'Hyalinisation of the muscular coat']","output":"Lack of ganglion cells"} +{"instruction":"Renin is secreted from -","input":"Choices: ['JG cells', 'Mesangial cells', 'Macula densa cells', 'Lacis cells']","output":"JG cells"} +{"instruction":"All of these substrates are glucogenic except:","input":"Choices: ['Acetyl CoA', 'Pyruvate', 'Glycerol', 'Lactate']","output":"Acetyl CoA"} +{"instruction":"Uveitis with raised intraocular tension is bestmanaged by ?","input":"Choices: ['Timolol', 'Atropine', 'Pilocarpin', 'Steroid']","output":"Steroid"} +{"instruction":"Treatment indicated when the bleeding stops on applying pressure and having intermittent pain:","input":"Choices: ['DPC', 'IPC', 'Pulpotomy', 'Pulpectomy']","output":"DPC"} +{"instruction":"Diatoms are seen in death due to: Jharkhand 11","input":"Choices: ['Strangulation', 'Drowning', 'Electrocution', 'Asphyxia']","output":"Drowning"} +{"instruction":"Antiretroviral drug causing increased liver enzymes is?","input":"Choices: ['Didanosine', 'Zidovudine', 'Eirenz', 'Tenofovir']","output":"Eirenz"} +{"instruction":"Period of amenorrhea followed by massive bleeding is seen in premenopausal women with","input":"Choices: ['Irregular ripening', 'Irregular shedding', 'Metropathia hemorrhagica', 'All of the above']","output":"Metropathia hemorrhagica"} +{"instruction":"All of the following pathogenic bacteria fulfill Koch's postulates, except?","input":"Choices: ['Treponema pallidum', 'Yersinia pestis', 'Bacillus anthracis', 'Helicobacter pylori']","output":"Treponema pallidum"} +{"instruction":"Most common acute complication of dialysis is-","input":"Choices: ['Hypotension', 'Bleeding', 'Demantia', 'Muscle cramps']","output":"Hypotension"} +{"instruction":"Phocomelia is","input":"Choices: ['Absence of long bones', 'Absence of brain', 'Reduplication of bones', 'Absence of hea']","output":"Absence of long bones"} +{"instruction":"Otoacoustic emissions arise from which of the following structure of the inner ear?","input":"Choices: ['Inner hair cells', 'Outer hair cells', 'Both inner and outer hair cells', 'Organ of Coi']","output":"Outer hair cells"} +{"instruction":"Neostigmine differs from Pilocarpine in having effects on","input":"Choices: ['Bowel motility', 'Hea rate', 'Salivary glands', 'Skeletal muscle']","output":"Skeletal muscle"} +{"instruction":"Haversian systems (osteons) are found primarily in the","input":"Choices: ['Spongy bone', 'Periosteum', 'Alveolar bone proper', 'Endosteum']","output":"Alveolar bone proper"} +{"instruction":"Oxygen dependant killing is done through","input":"Choices: ['NaDPH oxidase', 'Superoxide dismutase', 'Catalase', 'Glutathione peroxidase']","output":"NaDPH oxidase"} +{"instruction":"A patient on amiodarone is diagnosed to have cornea verticillata. What should be management:","input":"Choices: ['Stop the drug', 'Penetrating keratoplasty', 'Lamellar keratoplasty', 'Observation']","output":"Stop the drug"} +{"instruction":"ABO antigens are not present in ?","input":"Choices: ['Saliva', 'CSF', 'Blood', 'Tear']","output":"CSF"} +{"instruction":"Tiotropium is contraindicated in:","input":"Choices: ['Bronchial asthma', 'Hypeension', 'Urinary retention', 'Peptic ulcer disease -']","output":"Urinary retention"} +{"instruction":"Dose-limiting toxicity of chemotherapeutic agents is","input":"Choices: ['Bone marrow toxicity', 'GI toxicity', 'Neurotoxicity', 'Respiratory problems']","output":"Bone marrow toxicity"} +{"instruction":"The following histological sample belongs to which of\nthe following tissue?","input":"Choices: ['Urethra', 'Vermiform appendix', 'Vas deferens', \"Stenson's duct\"]","output":"Vas deferens"} +{"instruction":"The following test is not used for diagnosis of leprosy -","input":"Choices: ['Lepromin test', 'Slit skin smear', 'Fine needle aspiration cytology', 'Skin biopsy']","output":"Lepromin test"} +{"instruction":"The net ATP yield when one molecule of pyruvate is completely oxidized to CO2 & H2O is:","input":"Choices: ['12.5', '15', '18', '30']","output":"12.5"} +{"instruction":"CD-95 is a marker of?","input":"Choices: ['Death receptor', 'Tumor cells in T-ALL', 'Monocytes', 'NK cells']","output":"Death receptor"} +{"instruction":"A hypeensive pregnant woman at 34 weeks comes with history of pain in abdomen, bleeding per vaginum and loss of fetal movements. On examination the uterus is contracted with increased uterine tone. Fetal hea sounds are absent. The most likely diagnosis is :","input":"Choices: ['Placenta pre', 'Hydramnios', 'Premature labour', 'Abruptio placenta']","output":"Abruptio placenta"} +{"instruction":"Breast conservation surgery for breast cancer is indicated in which one of the following conditions?","input":"Choices: ['T1 breast tumor', 'Multicentric tumor', 'Extensive in situ cancer', 'T4b breast tumor']","output":"T1 breast tumor"} +{"instruction":"A patient who presented with the complaint of a gap between her upper and lower teeth on biting, reveals a skeletal open bite on cephalometric analysis. Who developed the cephalometric analysis that was used for the diagnosis of this patient?","input":"Choices: ['Tweed', 'Jarabak', 'Rickett', 'Sassouni']","output":"Sassouni"} +{"instruction":"A patient aged 24 years is said to have 'severe hypothermia' requiring intensive care management, if his core body temperature is- (J&K 05)","input":"Choices: ['<35degC', '<32degC', '<28degC', '<25degC']","output":"<28degC"} +{"instruction":"Percentage of women who deliver on the expected date of delivery :","input":"Choices: ['4%', '15%', '35%', '70%']","output":"4%"} +{"instruction":"Regarding Fanconi anemia, the wrong statement is:","input":"Choices: ['Autosomal dominant', 'Bone marrow show pancytopenia', 'Usually aplastic anemia', 'It is due to defective DNA repair']","output":"Autosomal dominant"} +{"instruction":"β blocker of choice used in Glaucoma with hyperlipidaemia","input":"Choices: ['Betaxolol', 'Carvedilol', 'Carteolol', 'Timolol']","output":"Carteolol"} +{"instruction":"Primary amenorrhoea is seen in all except: (Repeat)","input":"Choices: ['Kali man syndrome', 'Rokitansky syndrome', 'Ashermann syndrome', \"Turner's syndrome\"]","output":"Ashermann syndrome"} +{"instruction":"Among the following all are hydrophilic hormones that act on cytosolic receptors except one which is a lipophilic hormone that acts on nuclear receptor:","input":"Choices: ['Thyroxine', 'Epinephrine', 'GH', 'AUTH']","output":"Thyroxine"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is most sensitive and specific screening test for carcinoma of breast: September 2010","input":"Choices: ['FNAC', 'Mammogram', 'USG', 'Self Examination']","output":"Mammogram"} +{"instruction":"Strongest interactions among the following -","input":"Choices: ['Covalent', 'Hydrogen', 'Electrostatic', 'Van der Waals']","output":"Covalent"} +{"instruction":"Treatment of H. pylori is required in all of the following expect ?","input":"Choices: ['Gastro esophageal reflex disease', 'Gastric ulcers', 'Duodenal ulcers', 'Gastric lymphoma']","output":"Gastro esophageal reflex disease"} +{"instruction":"Crossed aphasia means-","input":"Choices: ['Right hemispherical lesion in right handed person', 'Right hemispherical lesion in left handed person', 'Left hemispherical lesion in left handed person', 'Left handed lesion in right handed person']","output":"Right hemispherical lesion in right handed person"} +{"instruction":"How long before obturation should the calcium hydroxide paste be allowed to remain in canal, if the apexification of open apex is intended?","input":"Choices: ['2 weeks', '4 weeks', '3 months', '6 months']","output":"6 months"} +{"instruction":"Following an incised wound in the front of wrist, the subject is unable to oppose the tips of the little finger and the thumb. The nerve(s) involved is\/are:","input":"Choices: ['Ulnar nerve alone', 'Median nerve alone', 'Median and ulnar nerves', 'Radial and ulnar nerves']","output":"Median and ulnar nerves"} +{"instruction":"The treatment most likely to benefit a patient of massive pulmonary embolism in shock ?","input":"Choices: ['Thrombolytic therapy', 'Inotropic agent', 'Vasodilator therapy', 'Diuretic therapy']","output":"Thrombolytic therapy"} +{"instruction":"Protein deposited in familial amyloid neuropathy:","input":"Choices: ['Mutated transthyretin', 'Normal transthyretin', 'Mutated β2', 'Normal β2']","output":"Mutated transthyretin"} +{"instruction":"A 40-year-old woman presents with a long history of vague upper abdominal pain and frequent indigestion with abdominal tenderness. Serum bilirubin is elevated (4.2 mg\/dL). There is a mild increase in serum AST and ALT (62 and 57 U\/L, respectively) and a moderate increase in alkaline phosphatase (325 U\/L). Markers for viral hepatitis are negative. Abdominal ultrasound examination shows echogenic stone-like material within the gallbladder and thickening of the gallbladder wall. An intrahepatic mass is also visualized adjacent to the gallbladder. A cholecystectomy is performed. Histologic examination shows dense fibrosis and glandular structures in the wall of the gallbladder. What is the most likely diagnosis?","input":"Choices: ['Carcinoma of the gallbladder', 'Hemangiosarcoma', 'Hepatic adenoma', 'Hepatocellular carcinoma']","output":"Carcinoma of the gallbladder"} +{"instruction":"Which muscles are supplied by Facial nerve?","input":"Choices: ['Platysma', 'Superior belly of omohyoid', 'Stylohyoid', 'Buccinator']","output":"Platysma"} +{"instruction":"Period of mixed dentition is","input":"Choices: ['3-5 years', '6-11 years', '12-15 years', '15-18 years']","output":"6-11 years"} +{"instruction":"Which structure does NOT lie in the coronary sulcus?","input":"Choices: ['Circumflex aery', 'Coronary sinus', 'Right coronary aery', 'Right marginal aery']","output":"Right marginal aery"} +{"instruction":"All are features of haemolytic uremic syndrome, except?","input":"Choices: ['Hyperkalemia', 'Anaemia', 'Renal microthrombi', 'Neuro psychiatric disturbances']","output":"Neuro psychiatric disturbances"} +{"instruction":"Drug not used in candidiasis -","input":"Choices: ['Ketoconazole', 'Itraconazole', 'Voriconazole', 'Fluconazole']","output":"Ketoconazole"} +{"instruction":"Down syndrome most commonly occurs due to ____","input":"Choices: ['Reciprocal translocation', 'Non-disjunction in maternal meiosis', 'Mosaicism', 'Non-disjunction in paternal meiosis']","output":"Non-disjunction in maternal meiosis"} +{"instruction":"Protein involved in Alzheimer's disease :","input":"Choices: ['Apo E gene', 'Presel in - II', 'Amyloid poion', 'All']","output":"Apo E gene"} +{"instruction":"All of the following molecules\/enzymes may contribute in generating free oxygen radicals within neutrophils for killing intracellular bacteria, except-","input":"Choices: ['Nitric oxide', \"Fenton's reaction\", 'NADPH oxidase', 'Catalase']","output":"Catalase"} +{"instruction":"Coronary steal phenomenon is seen with:","input":"Choices: ['Dipyridamole', 'Diltiazem', 'Propranolol', 'Verapamil']","output":"Dipyridamole"} +{"instruction":"Defective hepatitis virus is ?","input":"Choices: ['HAV', 'HBV', 'HCV', 'HDV']","output":"HDV"} +{"instruction":"Heavy menstrual bleeding is assessed by all except","input":"Choices: ['Passing clots more than 1 inch in diameter', 'Hemoglobin concentration below 12g\/dL', 'Menses lasting longer than 7 days', 'Blood loss more than 120 ml']","output":"Blood loss more than 120 ml"} +{"instruction":"Efferent pathway for milk ej ection reflex -","input":"Choices: ['Prolactin', 'Oxytocin', 'ACTH', 'Growth hormone']","output":"Oxytocin"} +{"instruction":"Accidental Intermediate host for hydatid disease is: March 2010","input":"Choices: ['Cow', 'Man', 'Dog', 'Pig']","output":"Man"} +{"instruction":"The Most convenient form of a cross cylinder is a combination of –","input":"Choices: ['–0.5 Diopter sphere with +1 Diopter Cylinder', '+0.5 Diopter sphere with –1 Diopter Cylinder', '+0.25 Diopter sphere with –0.5 Diopter Cylinder', '–0.25 Diopter sphere with +0.5 Diopter Cylinder']","output":"–0.5 Diopter sphere with +1 Diopter Cylinder"} +{"instruction":"Well recognised side effects of prolonged Phenytoin use include the following except","input":"Choices: ['Hirsutism', 'Lymphadenopathy', 'Ataxia', 'Hypoglycaemia']","output":"Hypoglycaemia"} +{"instruction":"The best modality of treatment in a patient with acute inferior wall MI is:","input":"Choices: ['Diuretics', 'Digoxin', 'IV fluids', 'Vasodilators']","output":"IV fluids"} +{"instruction":"True statement regarding development of drug resistance in MRSA is:","input":"Choices: ['Results due to penicillinase enzyme production', 'Occurs due to change in penicillin-binding proteins', 'Chromosome mediated', 'Treated with amoxicillin + clavulanic acid']","output":"Occurs due to change in penicillin-binding proteins"} +{"instruction":"A study is conducted to assess the risk of acquiring a severely debilitating disease over a 1- year study period. Only males are susceptible to the disease, which can be diagnosed using 4 basic clinical criteria. In a population of 100,000 people. 10 men met all the criteria. An additional 90 men demonstrated mild symptoms but failed to meet the full criteria. \nAssuming a male:female ratio of 1:1 in this population, which of the following is the male risk of being diagnosed with this disease?","input":"Choices: ['0.01%', '0.02%', '0.20%', '0.40%']","output":"0.02%"} +{"instruction":"Not a pyrethram derivative?","input":"Choices: ['Cypermethrin', 'Permithrin', 'DDT', 'Resmethrin']","output":"DDT"} +{"instruction":"F20 in ICD 10 denotes","input":"Choices: ['organic disorders', 'substance use disorders', 'mood disorders', 'anxiety disorders']","output":"substance use disorders"} +{"instruction":"Unenhanced CT scan showing Central dot sign is characteristically seen in:","input":"Choices: ['Primary sclerosing cholangitis', 'Liver Hamaoma', \"Caroli's disease\", 'Polycystic liver disease']","output":"Caroli's disease"} +{"instruction":"Blood group antigen NAG transferase present but galactosyltransferase is absent in","input":"Choices: ['Group A', 'Group B', 'Group AB', 'Group Q']","output":"Group A"} +{"instruction":"Acyl carnitine functions in:","input":"Choices: ['Transport of long chain fatty acid', 'Transport of short chain fatty acid', 'Transport of NADH', 'Transport of FADH']","output":"Transport of long chain fatty acid"} +{"instruction":"Gene involved in Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy:-","input":"Choices: ['CHYNN-1', 'GABRA-1', 'FMR-1', 'All of the above']","output":"GABRA-1"} +{"instruction":"Spoligotyping is done for -","input":"Choices: ['Staphylococcus', 'Salmonella', 'Mycobacterium tuberculosis', 'Brucella abortus']","output":"Mycobacterium tuberculosis"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following structure is NOT present at bih?","input":"Choices: ['Ethmoid sinus', 'Mastoid tip', 'Incus', 'Malleus']","output":"Mastoid tip"} +{"instruction":"Neurological defect seen in fetus of diabetic mother is?","input":"Choices: ['Caudal regression', 'Neural tube defect', 'Anencephaly', 'All of the above']","output":"All of the above"} +{"instruction":"Antipsychotic drugs act through","input":"Choices: ['Dopamine D1 receptor blockade', 'Dopamine D2 receptor blockade', 'Dopamine D3 receptor blockade', 'Dopamine D4 receptor blockade']","output":"Dopamine D2 receptor blockade"} +{"instruction":"Enameloplasty is","input":"Choices: ['Filling of enamel fissures with amalgam', 'Elimination of shallow enamel fissures', 'Is same as prophylactic odontomy', 'All of the above']","output":"Elimination of shallow enamel fissures"} +{"instruction":"Life time risk of TB in HIV Patients -","input":"Choices: ['20%', '50%', '10%', '5%']","output":"20%"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following condition does not present with both mullerian and wolffian duct structures","input":"Choices: ['Antimullerian hormone deficiency', 'FSH receptor mutation', 'Ovotesticular syndrome', 'Mixed gonadal dysgenesis']","output":"FSH receptor mutation"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is used for wound infection grading system?","input":"Choices: ['ASA classification', 'Glassgow scale', 'Southampton grading', 'APGAR score']","output":"Southampton grading"} +{"instruction":"A 30year old patient with radiographic appearance of endosteal bone formation, sclerosed bone is likely to be suffered from:","input":"Choices: [\"Garre's Osteomyelitis.\", 'Chronic focal sclerosing Osteomyelitis.', 'Acute Osteomyelitis.', 'Chronic Osteomyelitis.']","output":"Chronic focal sclerosing Osteomyelitis."} +{"instruction":"Most common complication of celiac plexus block –","input":"Choices: ['Pneumothorax', 'Postural hypotension', 'Retroperitoneal hemorrhage', 'Intra-arterial injection']","output":"Postural hypotension"} +{"instruction":"All are true about pancreatic fistula in chronic pancreatitis except","input":"Choices: ['Most cases resolve spontaneously by Conservative treatment', 'Somatostatin is effective in fistula closure', 'In prevention of fistula, adherence to standardised and meticulous technique is more impoant than the pancreatic texture or the type of anastomosis used', 'Early intervention is required if associated with hemorrhage or sepsis']","output":"Somatostatin is effective in fistula closure"} +{"instruction":"Maximum chance of spread in accidental needle stick injury is?","input":"Choices: ['Hepatitis B', 'HIV', 'Hepatitis C', 'EBV']","output":"Hepatitis B"} +{"instruction":"Mutation in Hartnup's disease is","input":"Choices: ['SLC6A18', 'SLC6A17', 'SLC6A19', 'SLC6A20']","output":"SLC6A19"} +{"instruction":"All ceramic crowns are not indicated for young children because of:","input":"Choices: ['Short clinical crown height', 'Root formation is not completed', 'Pulp horns are wide and high', 'Maintenance of oral hygiene is difficult']","output":"Pulp horns are wide and high"} +{"instruction":"The drug of choice for the treatment of gonorrhoea in a pregnant patient allergic to beta-lactum antibiotics is -","input":"Choices: ['Piperacillin', 'Ceftiiaxone', 'Spectinomycin', 'Ciprofloxacin']","output":"Spectinomycin"} +{"instruction":"A 45 year old male presents to the clinic with pain in the right upper back region tooth. On intraoral examination, carious 16 is seen and the clinician decides to use long cone technique for taking the radiograph. What is the benefit of using this technique?","input":"Choices: ['Exposes more tissue by producing a more divergent beam', 'Exposes less tissue by producing a less divergent beam', 'Produces a sharper image', 'Both 2 and 3']","output":"Both 2 and 3"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is a pseudo cyst?","input":"Choices: ['Mucous retention cyst', 'Radicular cyst', 'Aneurysmal bone cyst', 'Dentigerous cyst']","output":"Aneurysmal bone cyst"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is true about penicillin:","input":"Choices: ['Acid-resistant.', 'Excreted mainly through the kidney.', 'More concentrated in prostatic fluid.', 'Is a broad-spectrum antibiotic.']","output":"Excreted mainly through the kidney."} +{"instruction":"Odontoid view is","input":"Choices: ['Anteroposterior view', 'Posteroanterior view', 'Open mouth view', 'Lateral view']","output":"Open mouth view"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following drugs is not used in opioid dependence?","input":"Choices: ['Disulfiram', 'Clonidine', 'Lorazepam', 'Naltrexone']","output":"Disulfiram"} +{"instruction":"What is the diagnosis of the following examination of the fundus?","input":"Choices: ['Diabetes retinopathy', 'Optic atrophy', 'Acute glaucoma', 'Optic disc drusen']","output":"Acute glaucoma"} +{"instruction":"Corpus luteum in the first 6 weeks of pregnancy is maintained by -","input":"Choices: ['BetaHCG', 'Estrogen', 'Progesterone', 'Human placental lactogen']","output":"BetaHCG"} +{"instruction":"Murder is _________offence:","input":"Choices: ['Cognizable, non - compoundable and non - bailable', 'Cognizable, compoundable and bailable', 'Non - cognizable, non- compoundable and non - bailable', 'Non - cognizable, compoundable and bailable']","output":"Cognizable, non - compoundable and non - bailable"} +{"instruction":"Hysteria is characterised by","input":"Choices: ['Indifference to suffering', 'Flight of ideas', 'Pressure of speech', 'Autistic thinking']","output":"Indifference to suffering"} +{"instruction":"In sexual assault cases of children, the hymen is usually","input":"Choices: ['Ruptured as it is thin', 'Ruptured as is underdeveloped', 'Intact as it is elastic', 'Intact as it is deep seated']","output":"Intact as it is deep seated"} +{"instruction":"Jurisdiction of land assessment comes under -","input":"Choices: ['Supreme court', 'Sessions court', 'District court', 'None of above']","output":"None of above"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is not a chronic myelopro liferative disorder","input":"Choices: ['Polycythemia vera', 'Acute myeloid leukemia', 'CML', 'Essential thrombocytopenia']","output":"Acute myeloid leukemia"} +{"instruction":"A 5-year-old girl begins developing secondary sexual characteristics, including pubic hair growth and breast development. Her concerned parents bring her to the pediatrician for evaluation. An abdominal ultrasound examination reveals an ovarian mass. The mass is resected and pathologic examination reveals it to be a granulosa cell tumor. Which of the following histologic findings is a characteristic of this type of ovarian tumor?","input":"Choices: ['Signet-ring cells', 'Call-Exner bodies', 'Schiller-Duval bodies', 'Transitional cell epithelium']","output":"Call-Exner bodies"} +{"instruction":"Doc for Her 2 positive breast carcinoma is:","input":"Choices: ['Trastuzumab', 'Tamoxifen', 'Exemestane', 'Fluvestrant']","output":"Trastuzumab"} +{"instruction":"Vision 2020 \"The right to sight\" includes all except -","input":"Choices: ['Trachoma', 'Epidemic conjunctivitis', 'Cataract', 'Onchocerciasis']","output":"Epidemic conjunctivitis"} +{"instruction":"All of the below statements are true about papilledema, EXCEPT:","input":"Choices: ['Extracellular edema', 'Disruption of neurofilament', 'Stasis of axoplasmic flow', 'Axonal swelling']","output":"Disruption of neurofilament"} +{"instruction":"True about dermoid cyst of ovary:a) It is teratomab) Frequently undergo torsionc) X-ray is diagnosticd) Invariably turns to malignancye) Contains sebaceous material and hairs","input":"Choices: ['bcde', 'abce', 'acde', 'abde']","output":"abce"} +{"instruction":"Perinatal prevention of mother to child, which of the following steps are useful –","input":"Choices: ['Elective Caesarian section', 'Avoid breast feeding', 'ART prophylaxis', 'All of these']","output":"All of these"} +{"instruction":"Best investigation to visualize posterior urethra is-","input":"Choices: ['CT Scan', 'IVPyelogram', 'Cystoscopy', 'Ascendingurethriogram']","output":"Cystoscopy"} +{"instruction":"Main abnormality in beta-thalassemia minor is:March 2011","input":"Choices: ['Increased HbA2', 'Severely increased', 'HbFSevere anemia', 'All of the above']","output":"Increased HbA2"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following antihypeensives is not given in pregnancy(REPEAT)","input":"Choices: ['Enalapril', 'Alphamethyldopa', 'Labetalol', 'Nifedipine']","output":"Enalapril"} +{"instruction":"A 5-year-old boy presented with history of focal seizures which are associated with episodes of impaired consciousness. Patient also gave history of episodic behavioral changes which include agitation and dream like state with thrashing movements of his limbs. The child doesn't recall these episodes and there is no apparent precipitating factor. There is also a history of seizures in the family. Seizures are often intractable. Lab studies revealed Unilateral or bilateral anterior temporal spikes on EEG, Hypometabolism on interictal PET, Hypoperfusion on interictal SPECT and Material-specific memory deficits on intracranial amobarbital (Wada) test. MRI of the brain was also done. Which of the following structures is commonly affected in the above condition: -","input":"Choices: ['PA C', 'PA B', 'PA A', 'PA D']","output":"PA B"} +{"instruction":"Eugene Blueler's 4As include following except ?","input":"Choices: ['Autism', 'Affect', 'Anhedonia', 'Association']","output":"Anhedonia"} +{"instruction":"Gottron's papules\/ spots are pathognomic of: March 2013","input":"Choices: ['Myasthenia gravis', 'Dermatomyostis', 'Dermatitis herpetiformis', 'Atopic dermatitis']","output":"Dermatomyostis"} +{"instruction":"All viruses can be cultured in","input":"Choices: ['Chemically defined media as that used for bacteria', 'Living systems only', 'Agar culture', 'Non living systems also']","output":"Living systems only"} +{"instruction":"A 65-year old male is brought to the outpatient clinic with one year illness characterized by marked forgetfulness, visual hallucinations, suspiciousness, personality decline, poor self care and progressive deterioration in his condition. His Mini Mental Status Examination (MMSE) Score is 10. His most likely diagnosis is:","input":"Choices: ['Dementia', 'Schizophrenia', 'Mania', 'Depression']","output":"Dementia"} +{"instruction":"False about ca breast is:-","input":"Choices: ['Most common route of spread is hematogenous', 'Most common area involved is Upper inner quadrant', 'Most common site of metastasis is Bone', 'Most common cause of death is malignant pleural effusion']","output":"Most common area involved is Upper inner quadrant"} +{"instruction":"The jejunal biopsy is diagnostic in","input":"Choices: ['Abetalipoproteinemia', 'Giardiasis', 'Tropical sprue', 'Celiac sprue']","output":"Abetalipoproteinemia"} +{"instruction":"Health promotion comes under: March 2013 (e)","input":"Choices: ['Primary level of prevention', 'Secondary level of prevention', 'Teiary level of prevention', 'Primordial prevention']","output":"Primary level of prevention"} +{"instruction":"Hyperpigmentation is not seen in:","input":"Choices: [\"Addision's disease\", \"Cushing's Disease\", 'Graves Disease', 'Hypothyroidism (Myxedema)']","output":"Hypothyroidism (Myxedema)"} +{"instruction":"A compound serving a link between citric acid cycle and urea cycle is:","input":"Choices: ['Malate', 'Citrate', 'Succinate', 'Fumarate']","output":"Fumarate"} +{"instruction":"All of the following is less in CSF when compared to plasma Except","input":"Choices: ['Glucose', 'Protein', 'Calcium', 'Chloride']","output":"Chloride"} +{"instruction":"The pathophysiology of Lacunar infarcts are:","input":"Choices: ['Middle carotid aery involvement', 'Emboli to anterior circulation', 'Large vessel thrombosis', 'Lipohyalinosis of penetrating aeries']","output":"Lipohyalinosis of penetrating aeries"} +{"instruction":"Alpha 1 blocker without any effect on blood pressure is?","input":"Choices: ['Tamsulosin', 'Prazosin', 'Oxazocin', 'Terazocin']","output":"Tamsulosin"} +{"instruction":"All are immediate causes of death in a case of burn, except ?","input":"Choices: ['Suffocation', 'Embolism', 'Injury', 'Sepsis']","output":"Sepsis"} +{"instruction":"A person presented with a tumour at the base of the tongue. What will be the treatment of choice","input":"Choices: ['Wide local excision', 'Wide local excision + Radiotherapy', 'Wide local excision + Cervical lymph node dissection', 'Hemiglossectomy']","output":"Wide local excision + Cervical lymph node dissection"} +{"instruction":"Miliaria is a disorder of-","input":"Choices: ['Sebaceous glands', 'Apocrine glands', 'Eccrine glands', 'Holocrine glands']","output":"Eccrine glands"} +{"instruction":"String of beads appearance on abdominal X-ray is seen in –","input":"Choices: ['Small bowel obstruction', 'Large bowel obstruction', 'Carcinoma of stomach', 'Gastric outlet obstruction']","output":"Small bowel obstruction"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is true about direct filling gold","input":"Choices: ['Properly condensed mat gold has no voids', 'Whatever may be the type voids are inherent', 'Voids can be avoided with manual condensation', 'None of the above']","output":"Whatever may be the type voids are inherent"} +{"instruction":"A 22 year old presents to his physician with hemoptysis and hematuria with basement membrane antibodies. Most likely diagnosis is -","input":"Choices: [\"Wagner's granulomatosis\", \"Good pasture's syndrome\", 'PAN', 'Churg-strauss syndrome']","output":"Good pasture's syndrome"} +{"instruction":"How do proteins enter peroxisomes?","input":"Choices: ['Folded, using a C-terminal or internal signal sequence', 'Folded, using an N-terminal or internal signal sequence', 'Unfolded, using a C-terminal or internal signal sequence', 'Unfolded, using an N-terminal or internal signal sequence']","output":"Folded, using a C-terminal or internal signal sequence"} +{"instruction":"Menorrhagia is defined as","input":"Choices: ['Intermenstrual bleeding', 'Menses in less than 28 days', 'Increased loss of blood than normal during menses', 'Menses every more than 45 days.']","output":"Increased loss of blood than normal during menses"} +{"instruction":"Nerve Conduction is slowest in","input":"Choices: ['C fibers', 'A alpha', 'A beta', 'A delta']","output":"C fibers"} +{"instruction":"All the following are true about Haemophilia A except","input":"Choices: ['PT increased', 'PTT increased', 'Serum levels of factor VIII are decreased', 'Clotting time is increased']","output":"PT increased"} +{"instruction":"A patient has normal PT and platelet count with increased aPTT, factor 8 levels given as 60 iu\/ml, no bleeding history. diagnosis?a) Factor IX deficiencyb) Thalassemiac) Factor VIII inhibitorsd) Lupus anticoagulant","input":"Choices: ['ad', 'c', 'ac', 'ab']","output":"ad"} +{"instruction":"If the tooth is cut without removal of any part of crown or root is:","input":"Choices: ['Hemisection', 'bicuspidisation', 'Amputation', 'Coronosection.']","output":"bicuspidisation"} +{"instruction":"Which one of the circuits does not have valves?","input":"Choices: ['Magills circuit', 'Bains circuit', 'Closed circuit', 'Mapleson E']","output":"Mapleson E"} +{"instruction":"Neuromuscular transmission is affected by ?","input":"Choices: ['Sulfonamide', 'Nitrofurantoin', 'INH', 'Streptomycin']","output":"Streptomycin"} +{"instruction":"An orphan population of 7-13 yrs age has been put on lacto vegetarian diet, which study it was?","input":"Choices: ['Turku study', 'Hope wood house study', 'Vipeholm study', 'Tristan da cunha study']","output":"Hope wood house study"} +{"instruction":"All true about microlaryngoscopy tube (MLT) except:-","input":"Choices: ['These tubes comes in these sizes 4.0, 5.0 and 6.0 mm', 'It is paicularly useful for laryngeal surgery', 'It is longer than standard ETT', 'There is relatively low resistance to gas flow in there tubes.']","output":"There is relatively low resistance to gas flow in there tubes."} +{"instruction":"Creatine is made up of all, except -","input":"Choices: ['Glycine', 'Alanine', 'Methionine', 'Arginine']","output":"Alanine"} +{"instruction":"'Hand and Foot' syndrome can be caused by:","input":"Choices: ['Cisplatin', 'Vincristine', 'Capecitabine', 'Mitomycin-C']","output":"Capecitabine"} +{"instruction":"Amyl nitrite is used by which route ?","input":"Choices: ['Oral', 'Inhalation', 'IV', 'IM']","output":"Inhalation"} +{"instruction":"Investigation to differentiate between a scar tissue and residual\/recurrence of a breast tumor is","input":"Choices: ['USG', 'Mammography', 'MRI', 'All of the above']","output":"MRI"} +{"instruction":"Hunger pangs are seen how long after starvation ?","input":"Choices: ['6 hours', '12 hours', '24 hours', '48 hours']","output":"24 hours"} +{"instruction":"Goal of National tuberculosis control programme is –","input":"Choices: ['To eradicate TB', 'To decrease the transmission of TB', 'To treat all sputum +ve patients', 'To decrease the incidence of TB to such a low level that is no longer a major public health problem']","output":"To decrease the incidence of TB to such a low level that is no longer a major public health problem"} +{"instruction":"Specific test for gout is:","input":"Choices: ['Raised serum uric acid level', 'Raised uric acid in synol fluid of joint', 'Raised urea level', 'Raised urease enzyme level']","output":"Raised uric acid in synol fluid of joint"} +{"instruction":"Prinzmetal angina has the following characteristics except -a) Pain at restb) ST elevation during the attackc) Normal ECG without paind) Represents transmural ischemiae) ST depression with pain","input":"Choices: ['ce', 'b', 'ac', 'ae']","output":"ce"} +{"instruction":"Hers disease is due to deficiency of:","input":"Choices: ['Liver phosphorylase', 'Muscle phosphorylase', 'Branching enzyme', 'RBC phosphofructokinase']","output":"Liver phosphorylase"} +{"instruction":"What is the mechanism of action of levetiracetam?","input":"Choices: ['Antagonist of GABAA receptor', 'Bind to synaptic vesicular protein SV2A', 'Inhibit voltage gated Ca+ channel', 'Inhibit Na+ channel']","output":"Bind to synaptic vesicular protein SV2A"} +{"instruction":"Active form of Vitamin D3 is:","input":"Choices: ['Calcitriol', 'Calciferol', 'Calcidiol', 'Ergocalciferol']","output":"Calcitriol"} +{"instruction":"At which of the following ages does fetal movement first occur?","input":"Choices: ['1month', '2 months', '4 months', '6 months']","output":"2 months"} +{"instruction":"Selenium deficiency causes:","input":"Choices: [\"Menke's disease\", \"Wilson's disease\", 'Keshan disease', 'Kashinbeck disease']","output":"Keshan disease"} +{"instruction":"A patient taking ketoconazole and terfenadine both, is prone to -","input":"Choices: ['Cardiac arrythmia', 'Toxicity of ketoconazole', 'Congestive cardiac failure', 'All of the above']","output":"Cardiac arrythmia"} +{"instruction":"Grommet tube is used in -","input":"Choices: ['Secretory otitis media', 'Mucoid otitis media', 'Serous otitis media', 'All of the above']","output":"All of the above"} +{"instruction":"Newborn eye with respect to refractive error is -","input":"Choices: ['Emmetropic', 'Hypermetropic', 'Myopic', 'Astigmatic']","output":"Hypermetropic"} +{"instruction":"Integrated Surveillance Disease Programme recommends which among the following for non-communicable diseases?","input":"Choices: ['Sentinel surveillance', 'Periodic surveys', 'Regular surveillance', 'All the above']","output":"Regular surveillance"} +{"instruction":"In a controlled trail to compare two treatments, the main purpose of randomization is to ensure that :","input":"Choices: ['The two groups will be similar in prognostic factors.', 'The clinician does not know which treatment the subj ects will receive.', 'The sample may be referred to a known population.', 'The clinician can predict in advance which treatment the subjects will receive.']","output":"The two groups will be similar in prognostic factors."} +{"instruction":"Ectopic rest of normal tissue is known as-","input":"Choices: ['Choristoma', 'Hamaoma', 'Pseudotumor', 'Lymphoma']","output":"Choristoma"} +{"instruction":"Glycine is present in","input":"Choices: ['Hemoglobin', 'Gulatathione', 'Purine', 'All']","output":"All"} +{"instruction":"Intraepidermal bullae formation occur in which of the following condition?","input":"Choices: ['Bullous Impetigo', 'Bullous pemphigoid', 'Pemphigus vulgaris', 'Dermatitis herpetiformis']","output":"Pemphigus vulgaris"} +{"instruction":"Postural hypotension and failure of ejaculation is most commonly seen in treatment with:(1991)","input":"Choices: ['Guanethedine', 'Minoxidil', 'Propranolol', 'Sodium nitroprusside']","output":"Guanethedine"} +{"instruction":"A 8-yrs-old child has a history since early childhood of malabsorption, ataxia, acanthocytes in the peripheral blood, and very low cholesterol and triglyceride levels. In addition, the patient has been developing progressive, bilateral, concentric contraction of the visual fields and loss of central vision. The underlying pathogenesis of this patient’s disease is:","input":"Choices: ['A degenerative disease involving the cerebellum', 'A defect in the synthesis of apolipoprotein B', 'Degeneration of the posterior columns, spinocerebellar tracts, and corticospinal tracts', 'An absence of high-density lipoproteins']","output":"A defect in the synthesis of apolipoprotein B"} +{"instruction":"All are elements of primary health care except:","input":"Choices: ['Adequate supply of safe water', 'Provision of free essential drugs only to poor', 'Promotion of food supply & proper nutrition', 'Prevention & control of locally endemic disease']","output":"Provision of free essential drugs only to poor"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following statement of Hard palate tumor is true?","input":"Choices: ['Smoking is not a risk factor', 'MC tumor is adenocarcinoma', 'Bilateral lymphatic spread', 'Painful ulcers']","output":"Bilateral lymphatic spread"} +{"instruction":"Angiotensin II level decreased by which antihypertensive -","input":"Choices: ['Hydralazine', 'Enalapril', 'Methyldopa', 'Nitroglycerine']","output":"Enalapril"} +{"instruction":"A 5-year-boy has developed features that suggest puberty over the past 6 months. On physical examination, the boy has secondary sex characteristics, including pubic hair and enlargement of the penis. Which of the following morphologic features is most likely to be seen in his adrenal glands?","input":"Choices: ['Cortical atrophy', 'Cortical hyperplasia', 'Cortical nodule', 'Medullary atrophy']","output":"Cortical hyperplasia"} +{"instruction":"A person feels that grains of sand are lying under the skin or some small insects are creeping on the skin giving rise to itching sensation the condition is seen in:","input":"Choices: ['Cocaine poisoning', 'Orgfanophosphorus poisoning', 'Morphine poisoning', 'Alcohol withdrawal']","output":"Cocaine poisoning"} +{"instruction":"Pigmentary glaucoma shows","input":"Choices: ['Fevy line', 'Flesscher line', 'Hadson hauti line', 'Krukenberg spindle']","output":"Krukenberg spindle"} +{"instruction":"Fruit juice which helps in preventing UTI","input":"Choices: ['Cranberry', 'Raspberry', 'Orange', 'Grape']","output":"Cranberry"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following drug causes Pseudotumour cerebri -","input":"Choices: ['Sparfloxacin', 'Tetracycline', 'Gentamicin', 'Clofazimine']","output":"Tetracycline"} +{"instruction":"One of the following does not cause increase in the size of spleen in later stages -","input":"Choices: ['Sickle cell anaemia', 'Cirrhosis', 'Infectious mononucleosis', 'Hairy cell leukaemia']","output":"Sickle cell anaemia"} +{"instruction":"Heerfordt's disease is characterised by all of the following except:","input":"Choices: ['Unilateral non-granulomatous panuveitis', 'Painful enlargement of parotid glands', 'Cranial nerve palsies', 'Skin rashes, fever and malaise']","output":"Unilateral non-granulomatous panuveitis"} +{"instruction":"Role of P-selectin in inflammation -","input":"Choices: ['Rolling', 'Adhesion', 'Homing', 'Transmigration']","output":"Rolling"} +{"instruction":"Sarcoidosis is associated with –","input":"Choices: ['Band keratopathy', 'Systemic amyloidosis', 'Angioid streaks', 'Cataracta nigra']","output":"Band keratopathy"} +{"instruction":"Binimetinib was approved by FDA recently for","input":"Choices: ['Prostate cancer', 'Melanoma', 'Small pox', 'Chicken pox']","output":"Melanoma"} +{"instruction":"Lower esophageal sphincter lies at what distance from the incisor teeth?","input":"Choices: ['15cm', '25cm', '40cm', '50cm']","output":"40cm"} +{"instruction":"Which virus leads to Aplastic Crisis?","input":"Choices: ['Poxvirus', 'Parvo virus B19', 'Hepatitis A', 'Hepatitis B']","output":"Parvo virus B19"} +{"instruction":"Proper evaluation of serum calcium level requires estimation of:","input":"Choices: ['Serum potassium', 'Serum phosphorus', 'Serum albumin', 'Urinary output']","output":"Serum albumin"} +{"instruction":"The main infectious agent associated with recurrent pulmonary infections in patients with cystic fibrosis is _____________ .","input":"Choices: ['Mycoplasma', 'Pseudomonas', 'Pneumocystis', 'Aspergilus']","output":"Pseudomonas"} +{"instruction":"Marker for biliary tract obstruction -","input":"Choices: ['Alkaline phosphatase', 'Aspaate transaminase', 'Alanine transaminase', 'Creatinine kinase']","output":"Alkaline phosphatase"} +{"instruction":"The impression material used to record the prepared areas on abutment teeth is","input":"Choices: ['High viscosity elastomeric impression material', 'Medium viscosity elastomeric impression material', 'Low viscosity elastomeric impression material', 'None of the above']","output":"Low viscosity elastomeric impression material"} +{"instruction":"MDR TB is defined as-","input":"Choices: ['Resistance to INH and Ethambutol', 'Resistance to Rifampicin and Ethambutol', 'Resistance to Pyrazinamide and Rifampicin', 'Resistance to INH and Rifampicin']","output":"Resistance to INH and Rifampicin"} +{"instruction":"UNDP is an international agency which works for?","input":"Choices: ['Development olchildren', 'Development of human & natural resources in a country', 'Economic development of the country', 'Research and technological deveplopment of the country']","output":"Development of human & natural resources in a country"} +{"instruction":"Drug producing haematological side effect is:","input":"Choices: ['Nitrous oxide', 'Halothane', 'Ketamine', 'Sevoflurane']","output":"Nitrous oxide"} +{"instruction":"The cross linking agent of polysulphide rubber base impression material is","input":"Choices: ['Aromatic sulfonate esters', 'Stannous octate', 'Platinum salt catalyst', 'Lead dioxide']","output":"Lead dioxide"} +{"instruction":"While getting blood pressure tested patient repos abnormal feeling in fingeips followed by involuntary spasm of fingers likely patient has","input":"Choices: ['Hysterical spasms', 'Pressure spasm of muscles due to reuropaxia', 'Hypocalcemic tetany', 'Ischemic muscle spasms']","output":"Hypocalcemic tetany"} +{"instruction":"What is the investigation for small intestine abnormalities except -","input":"Choices: ['Enteroclysis', 'Radionucleide', 'CT enteroclysis', 'USG enteroclysis']","output":"USG enteroclysis"} +{"instruction":"Jacksons cylinder is used for-","input":"Choices: ['Detecting spherical power', 'Detecting cylindrical power', 'Refining cylindrical power and axis', 'None of the above']","output":"Refining cylindrical power and axis"} +{"instruction":"Secretomotor fibres to Lacrimal gland relay in","input":"Choices: ['Otic ganglion', 'Pterygopalatine ganglion', 'Geniculate ganglion', 'trigeminal ganglion']","output":"Pterygopalatine ganglion"} +{"instruction":"The diagnostic procedure not done in case of pheochromocytoma –","input":"Choices: ['CT scan', 'MRI', 'FNAC', 'MIBG scan']","output":"FNAC"} +{"instruction":"During the active phase of labour, the minimum effective dilatation of the cervix in primigravida should be at the rate of","input":"Choices: ['0.5 cm\/hour', '1 cm\/hour', '1.5 cm\/hour', '2.5 cm\/hour']","output":"1 cm\/hour"} +{"instruction":"Tangier's disease is characterized by:","input":"Choices: ['Low or absence of HDL', 'Low LDL concentration', 'Raised chylomicrons', 'Deficiency of LPL']","output":"Low or absence of HDL"} +{"instruction":"Anaesthetic having epileptogenic potential is :","input":"Choices: ['Desflurane', 'Sevoflurane', 'Ether', 'Halothane']","output":"Sevoflurane"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following has head at epiphysis?","input":"Choices: ['Distal phalanx', 'Middle phalanx', 'Thumb metacarpal', 'Third metacarpal']","output":"Third metacarpal"} +{"instruction":"Replacing alanine by which amino acid will increase UV absorbances of protein at 280 nm wavelength","input":"Choices: ['Leucine', 'Proline', 'Arginine', 'Tryptophan']","output":"Tryptophan"} +{"instruction":"The primary delusion are disorder of","input":"Choices: ['Thought', 'Perception', 'Loosening of association', 'Memory']","output":"Thought"} +{"instruction":"Kalavati, a 29 year old nulliparous women complains of severe menorrhagia and lower abdominal pain since 3 months. On examination there is a 14 wks size uterus with fundal fibroid. The treatment of choice is.","input":"Choices: ['Myomectomy', 'GnRh analogues', 'Hysterectomy', 'Wait and watch']","output":"Myomectomy"} +{"instruction":"In chronic dialysis, most common CNS manifestation is -","input":"Choices: ['Sensory loss', 'Paralysis', 'Dementia', 'Depression']","output":"Dementia"} +{"instruction":"Bracket Calcification is seen is","input":"Choices: ['Sturge Weber syndrome', 'CMV', 'Paragonimus cyst', 'Corpus Callosal lipoma']","output":"Corpus Callosal lipoma"} +{"instruction":"Which poion of MHC 1 complex forms the component of antigen presenting pa:","input":"Choices: ['Between alphal-beta 2 microglobulin', 'Distal pa of alpha chain', 'Proximal pa of alpha chain', 'Between as and b2 microglobulin']","output":"Distal pa of alpha chain"} +{"instruction":"Myositis ossificans is most common around the -- joint","input":"Choices: ['Knee', 'Elbow', 'Wrist', 'Hip']","output":"Elbow"} +{"instruction":"In case of PSGN complication commonly seen are all except :","input":"Choices: ['LVF', 'Hypertensive encephalopathy', 'Hyperkalemia', 'Bleeding diathesis']","output":"Bleeding diathesis"} +{"instruction":"Direction of the nasolacrimal duct is NOT RELATED - ENT","input":"Choices: ['Downwards, backwards and medially', 'Downwards, backwards and laterally', 'Downwards, forwards and medially', 'Downwards, forwards and laterally']","output":"Downwards, backwards and laterally"} +{"instruction":"Suraksha clinic is involved in the treatment of:","input":"Choices: ['Malnutrition', 'Sexually transmitted diseases', 'Malaria', 'Leprosy']","output":"Sexually transmitted diseases"} +{"instruction":"Late metabolic acidosis in newborns are caused due to feeding of which formula:","input":"Choices: ['Whey predominant', 'Casein predominant', 'Both of the above', 'None of the above']","output":"Casein predominant"} +{"instruction":"Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis seen in-","input":"Choices: ['DM', 'Obesity', 'IHD', 'Gall stone']","output":"DM"} +{"instruction":"A test that can be used for typing of class I histocompatibility antigens is","input":"Choices: ['Cell mediated Iympholysis (CML)', 'Donor-recipient mixed lymphocyte response', 'Primed lymphocyte typing', 'Antibody and complement mediated cytotoxicity']","output":"Antibody and complement mediated cytotoxicity"} +{"instruction":"Latest oral direct thrombin inhibitor is-","input":"Choices: ['Ximelagatran', 'Indraparinux', 'Dabigatran', 'Fondaparinux']","output":"Dabigatran"} +{"instruction":"Minimum Alveolar Concentration of sevoflurane in % is","input":"Choices: ['0.75', '0.42', '1.15', '2']","output":"2"} +{"instruction":"Cranial pa of Accessory nerve supplies all palatal muscles EXCEPT:","input":"Choices: ['Palatoglossus', 'Palatopharyngeus', 'Tensor veli palati', 'Levator palati']","output":"Tensor veli palati"} +{"instruction":"Drug of choice for acute PSVT","input":"Choices: ['Esmolol', 'Adenosine', 'Digoxin', 'Verapamil']","output":"Adenosine"} +{"instruction":"Unilateral supranuclear lesion of facial nerve involves","input":"Choices: ['Whole of face', 'Only ipsilateral upper part of the face', 'Only contra lateral lower part of the face', 'Whole of lower face']","output":"Only contra lateral lower part of the face"} +{"instruction":"Ammonia treated gold foil is also known as:","input":"Choices: ['Cohesive foil', 'Noncohesive foil', 'Corrugated foil', 'Non corrugated foil']","output":"Noncohesive foil"} +{"instruction":"Interleukin 1 (IL-1) is a potent cytokine. It is best described by which one of the following statements?","input":"Choices: ['Synthesis of IL-1 is inhibited in activated macrophages', 'It can be produced by natural killer cells', 'It exerts its effects on T and B cells as a costimulator', 'It is multimeric and consists of more than one protein']","output":"It can be produced by natural killer cells"} +{"instruction":"If annual growth rate of a population is 1.5-2%, what number ofyears will be required to double the population?","input":"Choices: ['70-47 years', '47-35 years', '35-28 years', '28-23']","output":"47-35 years"} +{"instruction":"Plateau phase of ventricular muscle is d\/t opening of:","input":"Choices: ['Na+ channel', 'K+ channel', 'Ca2+-Na+ channel', 'Closure of K+channel']","output":"Ca2+-Na+ channel"} +{"instruction":"Polysaccharide capsular resistance to phagocytosis is seen in","input":"Choices: ['Neisseria meningitidis', 'Klebsiella pneumoniae', 'Streptococcus pneumoniae', 'Yeast']","output":"Streptococcus pneumoniae"} +{"instruction":"In children the most commonly recognized form of Familial Hyperlipidemia is","input":"Choices: ['Hyperiglyceridemia', 'Hypercholesterolemia', 'Hyperchlyomicronemia', 'Combined hyperlipidemia']","output":"Combined hyperlipidemia"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following statements about iodine is false?","input":"Choices: ['Contraindicated in hyperthyroidism', 'Causes iodism', 'Inhibits the release of thyroxine', 'Inhibits the synthesis of iodo thyroxine and iodothyronine']","output":"Contraindicated in hyperthyroidism"} +{"instruction":"Four days after undergoing subtotal gastrectomy for stomach cancer, a 58-year-old woman complains of right leg and thigh pain, swelling and redness, and has tenderness on examination. The diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis is entertained. What is the initial test to establish the diagnosis?","input":"Choices: ['Venography', 'Venous duplex ultrasound', 'Impedance plethysmography', 'Radio-labeled fibrinogen']","output":"Venous duplex ultrasound"} +{"instruction":"Pattern in peripheral smear in iron deficiency anemia ?","input":"Choices: ['Normocytic normochromic', 'Hypochromic normocytic', 'Hypochromic microcytic', 'Normochromic microcytic']","output":"Hypochromic microcytic"} +{"instruction":"MRFIT clinical trial for CHD was conducted in which country?","input":"Choices: ['USA', 'Finland', 'Norway', 'UK']","output":"USA"} +{"instruction":"All are true about bupivacaine Except :","input":"Choices: ['Less cardiotoxic than lignocaine', 'Dose increases with adrenaline', 'Long acting', 'Cannot be given in vein']","output":"Less cardiotoxic than lignocaine"} +{"instruction":"The most likely diagnosis in a 25 year old male having generalized restriction of eye movement in all direction, intermittent ptosis, proximal muscle weakness, fatiguability. The most useful test is:","input":"Choices: ['CPK', 'Edrophoneium test', 'EMG', 'Muscle biopsy']","output":"Edrophoneium test"} +{"instruction":"'Whip-lash' Injury is caused due to-","input":"Choices: ['A fall from a height', 'Acute hyperextension of the spine', 'A blow on top to head', 'Acute hyperflexion of the spine']","output":"Acute hyperextension of the spine"} +{"instruction":"Kidney transplant from a mother to son is known as","input":"Choices: ['Autograft', 'Allograft', 'Heterograft', 'Xenograft']","output":"Allograft"} +{"instruction":"DNA estimation can be done by -","input":"Choices: ['Spirometer', 'Spectrophotometer', 'pH meter', 'Sphygmometer']","output":"Spectrophotometer"} +{"instruction":"The functions of myoepithelial cells may be","input":"Choices: ['Initiating contraction', 'Support for the end piece during active secretion of saliva', 'Provide signals to the acinar secretary cells for c)\\tstructural organization', 'All of the above']","output":"All of the above"} +{"instruction":"All are TRUE about Mammography, EXCEPT:","input":"Choices: ['Low energy X rays are used', 'It is a screening and diagnostic tool', 'High positive predictive value', 'Specificity of mammography is 95%']","output":"High positive predictive value"} +{"instruction":"Mostreliable test for screening of diabetes meilitus-","input":"Choices: ['Random sugar', 'Fasting sugar', 'Glucose tolerance test', 'Urine sugar']","output":"Fasting sugar"} +{"instruction":"Fungus having non-septate hyphae and producing sporangiospores is: March 2011","input":"Choices: ['Ascomycetes', 'Basidiomycetes', 'Phycomycetes', 'Fungi imperfectii']","output":"Phycomycetes"} +{"instruction":"Aggravation of symptoms of angina in a patient when given nitrates is seen in :","input":"Choices: ['Aortic regurgitation', 'Mitral regurgitation', 'Single left coronary artery stenosis', 'Idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis']","output":"Idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis"} +{"instruction":"Woodruff's plexus is seen at -","input":"Choices: ['Anteroinferior part of superior turbinate', 'Middle turbinate', 'Posterior part of inferior turbinate', 'Anterior part of inferior turbinate']","output":"Posterior part of inferior turbinate"} +{"instruction":"Patient with pruritic lesion over Left shoulder showing cigarette paper atrophy and poikiloderma with generalized lymphadenopathy. Histopathology exmanination of lesion shows CD4 positive sezary leutzner cells. What is the dermoepidermal manifestation of this disease?","input":"Choices: [\"Pautrier's micro abscess\", 'Pin point ulcers', 'Discharging sinus', 'Miliaria']","output":"Pautrier's micro abscess"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following would be the plasma osmolatity of child with plasma Na+ 125 mEq\/L, glucose of 108mg\/d1, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) of 140 mg\/dl -","input":"Choices: ['360 mOsm\/kg', '306 mOsm\/kg', '312 mOsm\/kg', '318 mOsm\/kg']","output":"306 mOsm\/kg"} +{"instruction":"A newborn has hydrocephalus, chorioretinitis, intracranial calcifications, and anemia. For the mentioned clinical scenario, select the most likely diagnosis","input":"Choices: ['Congenital toxoplasmosis', 'Congenital syphilis', 'Congenital rubella', 'Congenital CMV']","output":"Congenital toxoplasmosis"} +{"instruction":"The most common site of ectopic pheochromocytoma is","input":"Choices: ['Bladder', 'Filum terminale', 'Celiac plexus', 'Organ of Zuckerkandl']","output":"Filum terminale"} +{"instruction":"Progestin only pills should not be taken by women with following conditions except","input":"Choices: ['Unexplained uterine except', 'Breast cancer', 'Migraine headache without aura', 'Severe active liver disease']","output":"Migraine headache without aura"} +{"instruction":"Gene responsible for resistance to rifampicin","input":"Choices: ['Rpo B gene', 'Kat G gene', 'Rpm B gene', 'Emb B gene']","output":"Rpo B gene"} +{"instruction":"It is a threadlike structure that extends from one end of the muscle fiber to another:","input":"Choices: ['Sarcomere', 'Sarcolemma', 'Myofibril', 'Myofilament']","output":"Myofibril"} +{"instruction":"Great cardiac vein drains into -","input":"Choices: ['Anterior cardiac vein', 'Coronary sinus', 'Thebesian vein', 'Venae cordis minimi']","output":"Coronary sinus"} +{"instruction":"Which among the following is not known to cause delay in algor mois?","input":"Choices: ['Pontine hemorrhage', 'Asphyxial death', 'Septicemia', 'Burns']","output":"Burns"} +{"instruction":"Hematopoetic stem cell differ from progenitor stem cell in that they can","input":"Choices: ['Form terminally differentiated cells', 'Have a role in bone marrow regeneration', 'Produce growth factors', 'Have receptors for anchoring proteins']","output":"Have a role in bone marrow regeneration"} +{"instruction":"Epiglottitis in a 2-year-old child is diagnosed. Among the following options, most commonly Epiglottitis occurs due to infection with:","input":"Choices: ['Influenza virus', 'Staphylococcus aureus', 'Hemophilus influenzae', 'Respiratory syncytial virus']","output":"Hemophilus influenzae"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following aeries gives aerial supply to ACL?","input":"Choices: ['Fibular head aery', 'Descending genicular aery', 'Superior genicular aery', 'Middle genicular aery']","output":"Middle genicular aery"} +{"instruction":"In actinomycosis of the spine, the abscess usually erodes:","input":"Choices: ['Intervertebral disc', 'Into the pleural cavity', 'Into the retroperitoneal space', 'Towards the skin']","output":"Towards the skin"} +{"instruction":"The activities of all the following enzymes are increased in starvation except","input":"Choices: ['Pyruvate kinase', 'Pyruvate carboxylase', 'Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase', 'Glucose 6-phosphatese']","output":"Pyruvate kinase"} +{"instruction":"The time duration for functioning of corpus luteum after ovulation in a nonpregnant female is:","input":"Choices: ['5 days', '10 days', '14 days', '30 days']","output":"10 days"} +{"instruction":"The primary goal of glucocoicoid treatment in rheumatoid ahritis is -","input":"Choices: ['Suppression of inflammation and improvement in functional capacity', 'Reversal of the degenerative process', 'Development of a sense of well-being in the patient', 'Prevention of suppression of the hypothalamic pituitary-adrenal axis']","output":"Suppression of inflammation and improvement in functional capacity"} +{"instruction":"Vitamin used in the treatment of hyperlipoproteinemia: September 2012","input":"Choices: ['Vitamin B1', 'Vitamin B6', 'Niacin\/ Nicotinic acid', 'Vitamin B12']","output":"Niacin\/ Nicotinic acid"} +{"instruction":"Pyrantel pamoate is effective in both -","input":"Choices: ['Amoebiasis and trichuriasis', 'Enterobius and ascariasis', 'Amoebiasis and strogyloides', 'Taenia solium and ascariasis']","output":"Enterobius and ascariasis"} +{"instruction":"Which premolar resembles a canine","input":"Choices: ['Maxillary 1st premolar', 'Mandibular 1st premolar', 'Maxillary 2nd premolar', 'Mandibular 2nd premolar']","output":"Mandibular 1st premolar"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following maternal complication during pregnancy result in giving bih to a large baby?","input":"Choices: ['Anaemia', 'Cardiac disease', 'Gestational diabetes', 'Gestational hypeension']","output":"Gestational diabetes"} +{"instruction":"An affected male infant born to normal parents could be an example of all of the following, except:","input":"Choices: ['An Autosomal dominant disorder', 'An Autosomal recessive disorder', 'A polygenic disorder', 'A veically transmitted disorder']","output":"An Autosomal dominant disorder"} +{"instruction":"Most common complication of cardiac catheterization?","input":"Choices: ['Arrhythmia', 'Hypeension', 'Vascular bleeding', 'Contrast reaction']","output":"Vascular bleeding"} +{"instruction":"A 40 year old male presented to casualty with severe pain in the left upper abdomen radiating to groin. Urine routine shows 6-8 pus cells and 15-20 RBCs. CT scan was taken. What is the diagnosis?","input":"Choices: ['Aoic Aneurysm', 'Acute cholecystitis', 'Left ureteric calculus', 'Acute Colitis']","output":"Left ureteric calculus"} +{"instruction":"A 5-year-old boy presents to the hospital with bleeding wound from bite of his pet dog which was fully vaccinated. He previously had completed anti rabies immunization on December 2018. What post exposure prophylaxis against rabies is recommended for the patient now?","input":"Choices: ['No ARV required', 'Single site 2 doses on day 0 and 3', 'Single site 4 doses on day 0, 3 7 and 28', 'Rig and 4 doses regime']","output":"Single site 2 doses on day 0 and 3"} +{"instruction":"Dense cortical bone used for implant placement is found\nin:","input":"Choices: ['Anteiror mandible', 'Posterior mandible', 'Anterior maxilla', 'Posterior maxilla']","output":"Anteiror mandible"} +{"instruction":"Administration of which of the following will allete respiratory depression caused by opioids, without blocking their analgesic effect?","input":"Choices: ['Kappa-opioid antagonist', 'Delta-opioid antagonist', '5-HT agonist', 'Adrenergic agonist']","output":"5-HT agonist"} +{"instruction":"Preferred drug for the treatment of ventricular tachycardia is","input":"Choices: ['Digoxin', 'Propranolol', 'Diltiazem', 'Lignocaine']","output":"Lignocaine"} +{"instruction":"Most common diaphragmatic hernia in a newborn infant:","input":"Choices: ['Bochdalek', 'Morgagni', 'Paraesophageal type I', 'Paraesophageal type III']","output":"Bochdalek"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following method of protein separation is not dependent on molecular size ?","input":"Choices: ['Gel filtration chromatography', 'Ultracentrifugation', 'Ion-exchange chromatography', 'SDS-PAGE']","output":"Ion-exchange chromatography"} +{"instruction":"Immunohistochemical markers are used in various cancers. Her-2\/Neu immunohistochemistry in breast cancer is used for:","input":"Choices: ['Diagnosing purpose', 'Predicting response to therapy', 'Screening of Ca breast', 'Recurrence of Ca breast']","output":"Predicting response to therapy"} +{"instruction":"Latency period in distraction osteosynthesis is defined as","input":"Choices: ['Time period between surgical osteotomy and starting of distraction', 'Time period between starting of distraction to the completion of distraction', 'Time period for completion of distraction process', 'Time period between distraction and functional Loading of the area']","output":"Time period between surgical osteotomy and starting of distraction"} +{"instruction":"Supracondylar fracture is usually caused by -","input":"Choices: ['Hyperflexion injury', 'Axial rotation', 'Extension injury', 'Hyperextension injury']","output":"Hyperextension injury"} +{"instruction":"Ghost (shadow) cells are seen in","input":"Choices: ['Arnetoblastic fibroodontoma', 'calcifying odontogenic cyst', 'compound odontoma', 'all of the above']","output":"all of the above"} +{"instruction":"A 40-year-old man presents with muscle weakness. He cannot open his hand for a handshake and cannot extend his arm after flexing it. On physical examination, he has marked atrophy of leg and arm muscles, ptosis, and a fixed facial expression. There is testicular atrophy. Laboratory studies demonstrate mild diabetes. A muscle biopsy reveals atrophy of type I fibers, hyperophy of type II fibers, and numerous fibers with centrally located nuclei. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?","input":"Choices: ['Dermatomyositis', 'Duchenne muscular dystrophy', 'Nemaline myopathy', 'Myotonic dystrophy']","output":"Myotonic dystrophy"} +{"instruction":"A 3-year-old child presents with recurrent pneumonia, eczema & thrombocytopenia. Which protein synthesis is abnormal in this child?","input":"Choices: ['Wasp', 'Hamartin', 'Adenosine deaminase', 'HLA1a']","output":"Wasp"} +{"instruction":"Predictive value of a positive test is defined as ?","input":"Choices: ['True + ve\/true + ye + false - ye x 1 00', 'True + ye\/true + ye + false + ye x 100', 'False + ve\/true + ve + false + vex 100', 'False + ve\/true + ve + false - vex 100']","output":"True + ye\/true + ye + false + ye x 100"} +{"instruction":"In SDS-PAGE (Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate-Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis) proteins are separated on basis of: (PGI June 2009)","input":"Choices: ['Mass', 'Charge', 'Density', 'Molecular weight']","output":"Mass"} +{"instruction":"A 40-year-old male patient presented to the dermatology OPD with complaints of a characteristic rash over the face along with fever, ahralgia and moderate chest pain. Patient gave history of using some drug for 3 months. On examination, there was no CNS involvement. Lab findings revealed normal urine r\/m studies and normal RFTs. ANA and anti-histone antibody titres were found to be raised. Which of the following mechanisms is most likely implicated in the above disease: -","input":"Choices: ['', '', '', '']","output":""} +{"instruction":"True statement about hydrocephalus is","input":"Choices: ['Macewen sign seen', 'Sun rise sign of eyes is seen', 'Most common cause is Dandy - waler malformation', 'All of the above']","output":"Macewen sign seen"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following structure(s) is\/are preserved in enucleation?","input":"Choices: ['Eye lids', 'Iris', 'Sclera', 'Extraocular muscles']","output":"Eye lids"} +{"instruction":"True about &;Zero base budgeting&; is?","input":"Choices: ['Relies on data of previous budget', 'Proceeds from resources to target', 'Proceeds from target to resource', 'Not a priority based budgeting']","output":"Proceeds from target to resource"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following dementia is associated with visual hallucinations?","input":"Choices: ['Lewy body dementia', 'AIDS related Dementia', \"Huntington's disease\", 'Mixed dementia']","output":"Lewy body dementia"} +{"instruction":"Essential pentosuria occurs due to defect in the metabolic pathway of","input":"Choices: ['Uronic acid', 'Hexose-monophosphate', 'Glycogen', 'Fructose']","output":"Uronic acid"} +{"instruction":"Hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis is seen in all except?","input":"Choices: ['RTA1', 'Diarrhea', 'Uraemia', 'Gitelman syndrome']","output":"Gitelman syndrome"} +{"instruction":"A major lipid of mitochondrial membrane is","input":"Choices: ['Lecithin', 'Inositol', 'Plasmalogen', 'Cardiolipin']","output":"Cardiolipin"} +{"instruction":"Dissociative anaesthesia is seen on administration of :","input":"Choices: ['Ether', 'Halothane', 'Enflurane', 'Ketamine']","output":"Ketamine"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding haemochromatosis?","input":"Choices: ['Prone to fatal Vibrio enteric infections', 'Prone to fatal Yersinia enteric infections', 'Should avoid raw fish', 'Prone to Mycobacterium enteric infections']","output":"Prone to Mycobacterium enteric infections"} +{"instruction":"If severe bony undercut exist, best treatment","input":"Choices: ['Remove both undercut so that no undercut exists', 'Remove undercut on one side', 'Nothing but do only alveolar ridge contouring', 'None of the above']","output":"Remove both undercut so that no undercut exists"} +{"instruction":"Infant with hepatomegaly, hypoglycemia. hyperlipidemia and acidosis , diagnosis?","input":"Choices: [\"Von Gierke's\", \"Cori's disaese\", \"Pompe's disease\", 'All of the above']","output":"Von Gierke's"} +{"instruction":"Flexion, adduction & internal rotation is characteristic posture in: September 2012","input":"Choices: ['Anterior dislocation of hip joint', 'Posterior dislocation of hip joint', 'Fracture femoral head', 'Fracture shaft femur']","output":"Posterior dislocation of hip joint"} +{"instruction":"Which one of the following drugs is contraindicated in treatment of dendritic corneal ulcer","input":"Choices: ['Atropine', 'Cefazolin', 'Acyclovir', 'Dexamethasone']","output":"Dexamethasone"} +{"instruction":"The tobacco preparation mainly used to clean the tooth is:","input":"Choices: ['Khaini', 'Mawa', 'Masheri', 'Dhumti']","output":"Masheri"} +{"instruction":"Syndrome of inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone secretion is characteristic paraneoplastic association of which of the following carcinoma?","input":"Choices: ['Lobular carcinoma of breast', 'Small cell lung carcinoma', 'Non small cell lung carcinoma', 'Fibrosarcoma']","output":"Small cell lung carcinoma"} +{"instruction":"Level of which hormone is likely to increase after hypothalamic ablation?","input":"Choices: ['Growth hormone', 'Prolactin', 'FSH', 'ACTH']","output":"Prolactin"} +{"instruction":"Direct bronchoscopy can visualize all except:","input":"Choices: ['Trachea', 'Vocal cords', 'First segmental subdivision of branch', 'Subcarinal lymph nodes']","output":"Subcarinal lymph nodes"} +{"instruction":"Commonest cause of pyogenic liver abscess -","input":"Choices: ['Biliary Sepsis.', 'Biliary Colic', 'Appendicitis', 'Sigmoid Diverticulitis']","output":"Biliary Sepsis."} +{"instruction":"All the following are examples of nominal scale except-","input":"Choices: ['Race', 'Sex', 'Iris color', 'Blood pressure']","output":"Blood pressure"} +{"instruction":"True about the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)","input":"Choices: ['FEVI <30 of predicted value', 'FEV1\/FVC<0.7', 'total lung capacity increased', 'All']","output":"All"} +{"instruction":"Rectal examination should not be done -","input":"Choices: ['Anal fissure', 'Fistual in ano', 'Prolapsed piles with bleeding', 'Anal stenosis']","output":"Anal fissure"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following statements regarding liver enzymes is true","input":"Choices: ['ALT is less specific indicator of liver injury than AST', 'Absolute levels of aminotransferase correlate with outcome', 'Glutathione-S- Transferase is used as a hepatic prognostic marker after surgery', 'None of the above']","output":"Glutathione-S- Transferase is used as a hepatic prognostic marker after surgery"} +{"instruction":"Angioid streak is seen in-","input":"Choices: ['Tuberous sclerosis', 'Pseudoxanthoma elasticum', 'Sturge weber syndrome', 'Septo optic dysplasia']","output":"Pseudoxanthoma elasticum"} +{"instruction":"Persistence of Moro&;s reflex is abnormal beyond the age of ________","input":"Choices: ['3rd month', '4th month', '5th month', '6th month']","output":"6th month"} +{"instruction":"Mechanically, the strongest phase in amalgam restoration is","input":"Choices: ['The original gamma phase (Ag3Sn)', 'The gamma I phase', 'The gamma II phase', 'The copper — Tin phase']","output":"The original gamma phase (Ag3Sn)"} +{"instruction":"Kiesselbach's area does not involve ________","input":"Choices: ['Anterior ethmoidal aery', 'Posterior ethmoidal aery', 'Sphenopalatine aery', 'Greater palatine aery']","output":"Posterior ethmoidal aery"} +{"instruction":"Nocardia can be differentiated from other Actinomyces by ?","input":"Choices: ['ZN staining', 'Fontana stain', 'Gram staining', 'All']","output":"ZN staining"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following indicates a longer term nutritional status?","input":"Choices: ['Mid arm circumference', 'Height for age', 'Weight for age', 'Weight for height']","output":"Height for age"} +{"instruction":"Planned end-point of all activities is -","input":"Choices: ['Objectives', 'Goals', 'Targets', 'Results']","output":"Objectives"} +{"instruction":"A patient on antibiotics for treatment for peritonitis presents with mucus diarrhoea. Most probable cause could be: September 2009","input":"Choices: ['Ulcerative colitis', 'Activation of latent tuberculosis', 'Antibiotic associated diarrhoea', 'Gastritis']","output":"Antibiotic associated diarrhoea"} +{"instruction":"A 50 year old male known case of ulcerative colitis presents with distention of the abdomen of acute onset with vomiting. The next investigation would be","input":"Choices: ['Abdominal X ray', 'USG', 'CT scan', 'MRI abdomen']","output":"Abdominal X ray"} +{"instruction":"which of th efollowing is not a component of NAXOS syndrome ?","input":"Choices: ['wooly hair', 'lipomatous skin', 'hyperkeratosis of palms', 'arrythmogenic right ventricular hyperophy']","output":"lipomatous skin"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is acid fast:","input":"Choices: ['Oocyst of Cryptosporidium', 'Cyst of entamoeba', 'Hydatid disease cyst', 'Cysticercus cyst']","output":"Oocyst of Cryptosporidium"} +{"instruction":"A 19 year old female complains of worsening facial pain for the past 1 week. She describes it as an intense shooting pain that comes and goes. It is only present on her right face. Which of the following is most likely to be this patient’s underlying problem?","input":"Choices: ['Tolosa hunt syndrome', 'Migraine', 'Multiple sclerosis', 'Anterior communicating aneurysm']","output":"Multiple sclerosis"} +{"instruction":"Vision not impaired in:","input":"Choices: [\"Berlin's edema\", 'Optic neuritis', 'Papilledema', 'Uveitis']","output":"Papilledema"} +{"instruction":"Ipratropium bromide used in bronchial asthma, is :","input":"Choices: ['β-Sympothomimetics', 'Methylxanthines', 'Anticholinergics', 'Mast cell stabilizers']","output":"Anticholinergics"} +{"instruction":"Menke's disease is due to defect in the metabolism of:","input":"Choices: ['Zinc', 'Copper', 'Selenium', 'Iron']","output":"Copper"} +{"instruction":"Which is anti inflammatory?","input":"Choices: ['Lipoxins', 'Thromboxane', 'Prostaglandins', 'Interleukins']","output":"Lipoxins"} +{"instruction":"Cataplexy is characterized by?","input":"Choices: ['Hypnopompic hallucinations', 'Nocturnal penile tumescence', 'Decreased muscle tone', 'Somnambulism']","output":"Decreased muscle tone"} +{"instruction":"Opening in Caldwell-Luc operation is made in which of the following?","input":"Choices: ['Middle meatus', 'Inferior meatus', 'Canine fossa', 'Dental sulcus']","output":"Canine fossa"} +{"instruction":"Entacapone used in parkinsonism is:","input":"Choices: ['Dopamine agonist', 'MAO inhibitor', 'COMT inhibitor', 'Dopa decarboxylase inhibitor']","output":"COMT inhibitor"} +{"instruction":"Mother friendly bih initiative was launched in","input":"Choices: ['India', 'England', 'Australia', 'USA']","output":"USA"} +{"instruction":"WHO definition of normal sperm count:","input":"Choices: ['10 million\/ml', '20 million\/ml', '40 million\/ml', '50 million\/ml']","output":"20 million\/ml"} +{"instruction":"If a histologic slide of the tooth and the content of its canal space could be obtained, the most likely finding in the region of radioluceny would be?","input":"Choices: ['Normal pulp', 'Clastic activity', 'Necrotic pulp', 'Marked decrease in cellularity']","output":"Clastic activity"} +{"instruction":"The skin pigmentation in bronze diabetes is due to-","input":"Choices: ['Hemosiderin', 'Lipofuscin', 'Melanin', 'Both melanin & hemosiderin']","output":"Both melanin & hemosiderin"} +{"instruction":"A patient requires ceftriaxone 180 mg. You have a 2 mL syringe with 10 divisions per mL. The l contains 500 mg\/5 mL of ceftriaxone. How many divisions in the 2 mL syringe will you fill to give 180 mg ceftriaxone?","input":"Choices: ['18', '1.8', '20', '2']","output":"18"} +{"instruction":"One of the patients in paediatric ICU has developed VF and the staff have staed CPR. You are the physician on call. You want to try DC shock so as to reve to it to normal rhythm. What is the energy you would use in this scenario? The child is 3 years old, weight - 15 kg, SPO2 - 88, BP unrecordable, RR - 40\/minute.","input":"Choices: ['60 J', '280 J', '250 J', '320 J']","output":"60 J"} +{"instruction":"Incisal liability on an average in the maxillary arch is:","input":"Choices: ['3 mm', '6 mm', '4 mm', '7.5 mm']","output":"7.5 mm"} +{"instruction":"Gene for Rh antigen is located on chromosome ?","input":"Choices: ['1', '4', '9', '19']","output":"1"} +{"instruction":"Alveoli are kept dry because of","input":"Choices: ['Surfactants', 'Glycorprotiens', \"Buffers Bohr's\", 'Effect']","output":"Surfactants"} +{"instruction":"Supratemporal lental subluxation is seen in -","input":"Choices: [\"Weil's marchasani syndrome\", 'Marfans', 'Hunters', 'Homocystinuria']","output":"Marfans"} +{"instruction":"Veical transmission of hepatitis C is:","input":"Choices: ['5%', '10%', '25%', '50%']","output":"5%"} +{"instruction":"Submental lymph node drainage by all except -","input":"Choices: ['Anterior palate', 'Tip of tongue', 'Floor of mouth', 'Lower lip']","output":"Anterior palate"} +{"instruction":"Surgical treatment for asymptomatic uterine myoma is indicated if","input":"Choices: ['If myoma is pedunculated', 'Tumour is larger than size of 3months pregnancy', 'Diagnosis is unceain', 'All the above']","output":"All the above"} +{"instruction":"The following Vitamin deficiency is manifested principally by lesions of the mucocutaneous surfaces of the mouth and skin, corneal vascularization, anemia and personality changes:","input":"Choices: ['Thiamine', 'Riboflavin', 'Pyridoxine', 'Cyanocobalamin']","output":"Riboflavin"} +{"instruction":"Rhinoplasty is usually done at the age (years) of - until the nose is fully grown-","input":"Choices: ['6 years', '12 years', '16 years', '25 years']","output":"16 years"} +{"instruction":"Mallory's hyaline is seen in -","input":"Choices: ['Hepatitis C infection', 'Amoebic liver abscess', 'Indian childhood cirrhosis', 'Autoimmune hepatitis']","output":"Indian childhood cirrhosis"} +{"instruction":"Most common complication after ERCP is :","input":"Choices: ['Acute pancreatitis', 'Acute cholangitis', 'Acute cholecystitis', 'Duodenal perforation']","output":"Acute pancreatitis"} +{"instruction":"A Pre pharyngeal abscess diagnosed as tuberculosis is seen in 44 year old lady with difficulties in deglutition management would be","input":"Choices: ['Urgent Drainage', 'Staing of AKT', 'Wait and Eatch', 'Get an MR1 of the cervical Spine']","output":"Urgent Drainage"} +{"instruction":"Which vitamin is required for hydroxylation of proline?","input":"Choices: ['A', 'B', 'C', 'D']","output":"C"} +{"instruction":"Ventral pancreatic duct contributes in the development of which part of pancreas -","input":"Choices: ['Body', 'Tail', 'Neck', 'Uncinate process']","output":"Uncinate process"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following are the extraintestinal manifestations of Sipple syndrome?","input":"Choices: ['Cutaneous lichen', 'Amylodosis', 'Hirschsprung disease', 'All the above']","output":"All the above"} +{"instruction":"Crohn's disease","input":"Choices: ['has oral ulcerations similar to major apthous ulcerations', 'is a self limiting Lesion', 'is commonly seen among Indian population', 'is usually treated with Erythromycin']","output":"has oral ulcerations similar to major apthous ulcerations"} +{"instruction":"Bioavailability of Ramelteon is ?","input":"Choices: ['2%', '7%', '10%', '30%']","output":"2%"} +{"instruction":"Late hyperglycemia in pregnancy is associated with\/ can cause which of the following ?","input":"Choices: ['Macrosomia', 'IUGR', 'Postmaturity', 'Congenital malformation']","output":"Macrosomia"} +{"instruction":"In urban which Anopheles species is seen -","input":"Choices: ['Stephnsi', 'Culicifacies', 'Fluvitalis', 'None']","output":"Stephnsi"} +{"instruction":"The following are feature of primary hyperaldosteronism except:","input":"Choices: ['Polyuria', 'Hypeension', 'Hypokalemia', 'Hyperkalemia']","output":"Hyperkalemia"} +{"instruction":"Early stage of carcinoma esophagus is diagnosed by -","input":"Choices: ['Barium meal', 'Trans oesophageal USG', 'MRI', 'Endoscopy']","output":"Endoscopy"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following are signs of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome –","input":"Choices: ['Intercostal retraction', 'RR > 60\/ min', 'PH < 7.2', 'All of these']","output":"All of these"} +{"instruction":"Fluoride content is more in which milk product?","input":"Choices: ['Cheese', 'Butter', 'Toned milk', 'Butter milk']","output":"Cheese"} +{"instruction":"Griseofulvin is not useful in one of the following:","input":"Choices: ['Tinea capitis', 'Tinea cruris', 'Tinea versicolor', 'Tinea pedis']","output":"Tinea versicolor"} +{"instruction":"Nodes of Rouvier is","input":"Choices: ['Retropharyngeal node', 'Parapharyngeal node', 'Adenoids', 'None']","output":"Retropharyngeal node"} +{"instruction":"Most common precipitating factor for COPD is -","input":"Choices: ['Environment', 'Smoking', 'Allergen', 'All of the above']","output":"Smoking"} +{"instruction":"Protein metabolism after trauma is characterized by","input":"Choices: ['Decreased liver gluconeogenesis', 'Inhibition of skeletal muscle breakdown by interleukin 1 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF, cachectin)', 'Decreased urinary nitrogen loss', 'Hepatic synthesis of acute-phase reactants']","output":"Hepatic synthesis of acute-phase reactants"} +{"instruction":"True regarding mycobacterium tuberculosis is -","input":"Choices: ['Produces visible colonies in 1 weeks time on Lowenstein-Jensen media', 'Decolorised by 20% sulfuric acid', 'Facultative aerobe', 'Niacin positive']","output":"Niacin positive"} +{"instruction":"Malaria protection comes from all Except","input":"Choices: ['G6PD deficiency', 'Thalassemia', 'Sickle cell anemia', 'Acanthocytosis']","output":"Acanthocytosis"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following drugs causes an increase in the effective refractory period of the atrioventricular (AV) node?","input":"Choices: ['bretylium', 'amiodarone', 'procainamide', 'quinidine']","output":"amiodarone"} +{"instruction":"Acute liver injury associated with hepatitis B virus is due to -","input":"Choices: ['Direct cytopathic effect of the virus', 'Sensitized cytolytic T-cells', 'Immune-complex mediated tissue damage', 'Vasculitis']","output":"Sensitized cytolytic T-cells"} +{"instruction":"Amount of population in the world who suffer iodine deficiency is:","input":"Choices: ['2 billion', '12 billion', '9 billion', '6 billion']","output":"2 billion"} +{"instruction":"X chromosome belongs to which group?","input":"Choices: ['A', 'B', 'C', 'D']","output":"C"} +{"instruction":"Barret's esophagus is commonly associated with one of the following:","input":"Choices: ['Adenocarcinoma', 'Squamous cell carcinoma', 'Sarcoma', 'Gastrointestinal stromal tumor']","output":"Adenocarcinoma"} +{"instruction":"Down's syndrome is associated with all of the following\nexcept","input":"Choices: ['Retrognathia', 'Periodontal disease', 'Premature exfoliation of teeth', 'Retained deciduous teeth']","output":"Retrognathia"} +{"instruction":"Antioxidant propey is seen in ?","input":"Choices: ['Chromium', 'Selenium', 'Magnesium', 'Iron']","output":"Selenium"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is a calcineurium inhibitor -","input":"Choices: ['Cyclophoshamide', 'Cyclosporine', 'Etanercept', 'Sirolimus']","output":"Cyclosporine"} +{"instruction":"BNP is regarded by","input":"Choices: ['Neutral endopeptidases', 'Elastase', 'Omapatrilat', 'ACE']","output":"Neutral endopeptidases"} +{"instruction":"Patient presenting with marked loin pain, tenderness and pyrexia shows nonspecific findings on IVP but on US reveals a heterogeneous mass with posterior acoustic enhancement and central necrosis and internal debris. CT shows marginal enhancement with air densities within. The likely diagnosis is:","input":"Choices: ['Emphysematous pyelonephritis', 'Pyonephrosis', 'Renal abscess', 'Acute pyelonephritis']","output":"Renal abscess"} +{"instruction":"A 21 year old female presented with mucopurulent discharge from eyes and foreign body sensation diagnosed of having inclusion conjunctivitis. It is caused by:","input":"Choices: ['Chlamydia trachomatis', 'Chlamydia psittaci', 'Herpes', 'Gonorrhoea']","output":"Chlamydia trachomatis"} +{"instruction":"Both HBsAg and HBeAg are positive in","input":"Choices: ['Acute infectious Hepatitis B', 'Chronic Hepatitis B', 'Recovery phase of Hepatitis B', 'Individuals vaccinated with Hepatitis B']","output":"Acute infectious Hepatitis B"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following substances is most potent androgen ?","input":"Choices: ['Dehydroepiandrostenidione', 'Dihydrotestosterone', 'Androstenidione', 'Testosterone']","output":"Dihydrotestosterone"} +{"instruction":"Using monopolar cautery is not advised when a child is undergoing circumcision as it may lead to coagulation of penis. The mechanism is","input":"Choices: ['Channeling', 'Capacitance coupling', 'Electrocution', 'Explosion']","output":"Channeling"} +{"instruction":"Surfactant production is accelerated by","input":"Choices: ['Thyroxine', 'Glucocorticoids', 'Carbamazepine', 'Iodine']","output":"Glucocorticoids"} +{"instruction":"Integrated management of childhood illness (IMCI) intiative was taken to prevent morbidity and moality from all of the following except -","input":"Choices: ['Malaria', 'Malnutrition', 'Otitis Media', 'Neonatal tetanus']","output":"Neonatal tetanus"} +{"instruction":"Vaccine contrainidicated in pregnancy is","input":"Choices: ['Tuberculin', 'Typhoid', 'Influenza', 'HBV']","output":"Tuberculin"} +{"instruction":"Parakeratosis is defined as:","input":"Choices: ['Retention of cytoplasmic contents in stratum corneum', 'Retention of nuclei in stratum corneum', 'Increased thickness in stratum corneum', 'Decreased thickness of stratum corneum']","output":"Increased thickness in stratum corneum"} +{"instruction":"Burton’s agammaglobulinemia is due to?","input":"Choices: ['B-cell defect', 'IgA deficiency', 'Ig M deficiency', 'Ig G deficiency']","output":"B-cell defect"} +{"instruction":"Rate Limiting step of Pathway (Figure) is catalyzed by","input":"Choices: ['Glucose-6-phosphatase dehydrogenase', 'Gluconolactone hydrolase', '6-phospho-gluconate dehydrogenase', 'Transketolase']","output":"Glucose-6-phosphatase dehydrogenase"} +{"instruction":"The mean radiant temperature is measured by","input":"Choices: ['Dry bulb thermometer', 'Wet bulb thermometer', \"Six's maximum and minimum thermometer\", 'Globe thermometer']","output":"Globe thermometer"} +{"instruction":"Which subtype of IgG activates alternate complement system.","input":"Choices: ['IgGl', 'IgG2', 'IgG3', 'IgG4']","output":"IgG4"} +{"instruction":"Denominator in crude death rate is","input":"Choices: ['Mid-year population', 'Mid-year females 15-44 years', 'Mid-year married females 15-44 years', 'Mid-year males 15-44 years']","output":"Mid-year population"} +{"instruction":"The superficial inguinal ring is a defect in-","input":"Choices: ['Transversalis fascia', 'Internal oblique', 'External oblique', 'External oblique aponeurosis']","output":"External oblique aponeurosis"} +{"instruction":"Follman's balanitis is seen in","input":"Choices: ['Candida', 'Trichomonas', 'HIV', 'Syphilis']","output":"Syphilis"} +{"instruction":"Under resting conditions, total body oxygen consumption is:","input":"Choices: ['100 ml. \/min.', '150 ml.\/min.', '200 ml.\/min', '250 ml.\/min.']","output":"250 ml.\/min."} +{"instruction":"All of the following signs may be appreciated in a patient with early papilloedema except","input":"Choices: ['Mild hyperaemia of the disc', 'Obliteration of physiological cup of the optic disc', 'Obscuration of superior, inferior and nasal disc margins', 'Absence of spontaneous venous pulsation']","output":"Obliteration of physiological cup of the optic disc"} +{"instruction":"Stasis as a cause of thrombosis is important in:","input":"Choices: ['Sickle cell Anemia', 'Venous circulation', 'Polycythemia', 'All of the above']","output":"All of the above"} +{"instruction":"Entomology of cadaver helps in finding: TN 09","input":"Choices: ['Time since death', 'Mode of death', 'Manner of death', 'Identify the disease']","output":"Time since death"} +{"instruction":"Prozone phenomenon is due to:-","input":"Choices: ['Antigen excess', 'Antibody excess', 'Excessive immune complex', 'Acute phase reactants']","output":"Antibody excess"} +{"instruction":"A 40 year old woman with Crohn's Disease reports multiple bowel movements with frequent stools. She was previously treated with a mesalamine derivative \"Pentasa\" and in the latest episode of the disease flare up she didn't tolerate the oral steroid therapy with budesonide. What is the next appropriate step in her treatment?","input":"Choices: ['Hydrocortisone (I.V)', 'Prednisolone (oral)', 'Azathioprine', 'Sulfasalazine']","output":"Azathioprine"} +{"instruction":"The Le-Been shunt is used In","input":"Choices: ['Ascites', 'Dialysis', 'Raised ICT', 'Raised IOP']","output":"Ascites"} +{"instruction":"Types of anaemia seen in chronic renal failure is","input":"Choices: ['Microcytic', 'Normocytic', 'Macrocytic', 'All the above']","output":"All the above"} +{"instruction":"Small airways have laminar air flow because:","input":"Choices: [\"Reynold's number > 2000\", 'Very small diameter', 'Extremely low velocity', 'Low cross sectional area']","output":"Extremely low velocity"} +{"instruction":"How many number of words can a child develop at the age of 18months averagely?","input":"Choices: ['3', '6', '8', '10']","output":"10"} +{"instruction":"In colposcopy following are visualised except:","input":"Choices: ['Upper 2\/3rdendocervix', 'Cervical carinoma in situ', 'Cervical polyp', 'Cervical dysplasia']","output":"Upper 2\/3rdendocervix"} +{"instruction":"In emergency tracheostomy following structures are damaged except:","input":"Choices: ['Isthmus of thyroid', 'Inferior thyoid vein', 'Inferior thyroid aery', 'Thyroid ima']","output":"Inferior thyroid aery"} +{"instruction":"Simple cuboidal epithelium is seen in:","input":"Choices: ['Skin', 'Trachea', 'Oesophagus', 'Thyroid gland']","output":"Thyroid gland"} +{"instruction":"All of the following familial syndromes are associated with development of pheochromocytomas except:","input":"Choices: ['MEN II A', 'Von hippel landau syndrome', 'MEN Type II B', 'Prader-Willi syndrome']","output":"Prader-Willi syndrome"} +{"instruction":"The screening investigation of high risk neonates in ICU for suspected hearing loss is:","input":"Choices: ['Otoacoustic emissions', 'Free field audiometry', 'Stapedial reflex testing', 'Pure tone audiometry']","output":"Otoacoustic emissions"} +{"instruction":"Band test is done in -","input":"Choices: ['RA', 'SLE', 'Scleroderma', 'PAN']","output":"SLE"} +{"instruction":"Painful vaginal ulcer with inguinal lymphadenopathy and school of fish appearance of microorganism or microscopy are characteristic of:","input":"Choices: ['Syphilis', 'LGV', 'Granuloma inguinale', 'Chancroid']","output":"Chancroid"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is used to assess deafness infants?","input":"Choices: ['Auditory brainstem response', \"Rinne's Test\", 'SISI', 'CALORIE Test']","output":"Auditory brainstem response"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following contrast agents is preferred in a patient with decreased renal function to avoid contrast nephropathy -","input":"Choices: ['Acetylcystine', 'Fenoldapam', 'Mannitol', 'Low osmolar contrast']","output":"Low osmolar contrast"} +{"instruction":"How do you manage placenta accreta","input":"Choices: ['Low transverse cesarean; hysterectomy', 'Classical cesarean; hysterectomy', 'Classical cesarean; myometrial resection', 'Low vertical cesarean; hysterectomy']","output":"Classical cesarean; hysterectomy"} +{"instruction":"Sickle cell anemia is the clinical manifestation of homozygous genes for an abnormal haemoglobin molecule. The event responsible for the mutation in the Beta chain is","input":"Choices: ['Inseion', 'Deletion', 'Non-disjunction', 'Point mutation']","output":"Point mutation"} +{"instruction":"What is the characterstic of Poland Syndrome ?","input":"Choices: ['Amastia with the absence of the Pectoralis major', 'Athelia with the absence of the Pectoralis major', 'Amastia with the absence of the Pectoralis minor', 'Athelia with the absence of the Pectoralis minor']","output":"Amastia with the absence of the Pectoralis major"} +{"instruction":"In a study in the UK, an association was found between the sale of antiarrhythmic drug and an increase in deaths due to asthma. This is an example of","input":"Choices: ['Ecological study', 'Cohort study', 'Case reference study', 'Experimental study']","output":"Ecological study"} +{"instruction":"The very first step in investigation of Epidemic","input":"Choices: ['Confirmation of existence of epidemic', 'Verification of diagnosis', 'Development of epidemiological case sheet', 'Formulation of Hypothyesis']","output":"Verification of diagnosis"} +{"instruction":"Mantle cell lymphomas are positive for all of the following, except -","input":"Choices: ['CD 23', 'CD 20', 'CD 5', 'CD 43']","output":"CD 23"} +{"instruction":"A baby is born at 30 weeks of gestation by cesarian delivery Neonate develops tachypnea, flaring, subcostal and intercostal retractions immediately after birth. Chest radiography shows bilateral, diffuse, ground glass appearance and air - bronchogram sign present. Doctor started surfactant therapy within 1 hour of onset of respiratory distress. This is known as_____","input":"Choices: ['Immediate therapy', 'Late rescue therapy', 'Early rescue therapy', 'Prophylactic therapy']","output":"Early rescue therapy"} +{"instruction":"Interstitial keratitis is commonly seen in: March 2005","input":"Choices: ['Fungal keratitis', 'Congenital syphilis', 'Phlyctenular keratitis', 'Trachoma']","output":"Congenital syphilis"} +{"instruction":"Termination of all disease transmission by extermination of the infectious agents is known as:","input":"Choices: ['Disease Control', 'Disease Elimination', 'Disease Eradication', 'Disease Prevention']","output":"Disease Eradication"} +{"instruction":"Marker for granulosa cell tumor:","input":"Choices: ['CA 19-9', 'CA 50', 'Inhibin', 'Teratoma']","output":"Inhibin"} +{"instruction":"A patient presents with diplopia. O\/E adduction deficit is seen in one eye and abducting saccades in the other eye. Convergence is preserved. What is the likely diagnosis?","input":"Choices: ['Paial third nerve palsy', 'Internuclear ophthalmoplegia', \"Duane's retraction syndrome\", 'Absence of medial rectus muscle']","output":"Internuclear ophthalmoplegia"} +{"instruction":"Unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia with increased urobilinogen is seen in","input":"Choices: ['Hemolytic anemia', 'Liver cirrhosis', 'Bile duct obstruction', 'Sclerosing Cholangitis']","output":"Hemolytic anemia"} +{"instruction":"A young female with asymptomatic macules and papule over trunk and reddish patch over palate with a flat, moist lesion on vulva. Patient has generalized lymphadenopathy. What is line of management'?","input":"Choices: ['Ceftriaxone', 'Benzathine penicillin', 'Acyclovir', 'Fluconazole']","output":"Benzathine penicillin"} +{"instruction":"Delusion that someone from high socio economic status is loving you is in -","input":"Choices: ['Othello syndrome', 'Capgras syndrome', 'De clerambault syndrome', 'Franklin syndrome']","output":"De clerambault syndrome"} +{"instruction":"In leprosy neural involvement occurs in what percentage of patients –","input":"Choices: ['30%', '60%', '90%', '100%']","output":"100%"} +{"instruction":"Lactobacilli are numerous in carious lesions because they","input":"Choices: ['Are the main causative agent', 'Can produce insoluble extracellular polysaccharides', 'Can attach to smooth enamel surfaces', 'Are secondary invaders']","output":"Are secondary invaders"} +{"instruction":"Drugs used for the treatment of acute variceal bleeding are all except:","input":"Choices: ['Octreotide', 'Somatostatin', 'Desmopressin', 'Terlipressin']","output":"Desmopressin"} +{"instruction":"In pseudomyxoma peritonei, mucinous cyst-adenocarcinoma of which following organ is involved:","input":"Choices: ['Pancreas', 'Kidney', 'Ovary', 'Abdominal testis']","output":"Ovary"} +{"instruction":"Reye syndrome false is?","input":"Choices: ['Associated with salicylate ingestion', 'Hepatomegaly', 'Jaundice', 'Hypoglyemia']","output":"Jaundice"} +{"instruction":"Normal transit time of keratinocytes is","input":"Choices: ['3 weeks', '4 weeks', '5 weeks', '6 weeks']","output":"4 weeks"} +{"instruction":"Vision 2020 \"The right to sight\" includes all except","input":"Choices: ['Trachoma', 'Epidemic conjunctivitis', 'Cataract', 'Onchocerciasis']","output":"Epidemic conjunctivitis"} +{"instruction":"Most common Morphological difference between Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn's disease","input":"Choices: ['Mucosal edema', 'Crypt abscess', 'Diffuse polyps', 'Lymphoid aggregates']","output":"Crypt abscess"} +{"instruction":"Absent fructose content in the seminal fluid suggests","input":"Choices: ['Congenital absence of seminal vesicle', 'Partial duct obstruction', 'None', 'Both']","output":"Both"} +{"instruction":"Most common viral infection in kidney transplant recipients-","input":"Choices: ['B3V', 'HSV', 'CMV', 'HBV']","output":"CMV"} +{"instruction":"Mycoplasma organisms may also cause disease in non pulmonary sites. Which of the following is the most commonly affected non-pulmonary site? (NOT RELATED)","input":"Choices: ['Meningitis', 'Prosthetic hea valve', 'Septic ahritis', 'Urethritis']","output":"Urethritis"} +{"instruction":"The surgeon performing a thyroidectomy should remember all except","input":"Choices: ['Recurrent laryngeal nerve is closely related to the inferior thyroid artery', 'Superior laryngeal nerve supplies the cricothyroid muscle', 'Recurrent laryngeal nerve supplies all the intrinsic muscles of the larynx', 'Inferior thyroid artery is long and tortuous']","output":"Recurrent laryngeal nerve supplies all the intrinsic muscles of the larynx"} +{"instruction":"Gastric lavage is contraindicated in all the following poisonings except","input":"Choices: ['Phenol', 'Kerosene', 'Nitric acid', 'Sulphuric acid']","output":"Phenol"} +{"instruction":"Which base is not found in DNA:","input":"Choices: ['Adenine', 'Guanine', 'Cytosine', 'Uracil']","output":"Uracil"} +{"instruction":"All of the following infections are often associated with acute intravascular hemolysis, except:","input":"Choices: ['Clostridium tetani', 'Baonella bacilliformis', 'Plasmodium falciparum', 'Babesia microti']","output":"Clostridium tetani"} +{"instruction":"In the term 'CuT 200', the number denotes which of the following parameters?","input":"Choices: ['Weight in Microgram', 'Weight in Milligram', 'Surface area', 'Length of Thread\/Tail']","output":"Surface area"} +{"instruction":"All of the following regarding esophagus are true except:","input":"Choices: ['Length is 25 cms', 'Lower one third is lined by transitional epithelium', 'Upper two third is lined by stratified squamous epithelium', 'pass behind the Lt main bronchus']","output":"Lower one third is lined by transitional epithelium"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following alpha blocker is useful in BPH?","input":"Choices: ['Phentolamine', 'Prazosin', 'Tolazoline', 'Phenoxybenzamine']","output":"Prazosin"} +{"instruction":"In sickle cell crisis bone pain is due to:-","input":"Choices: ['Bone infarction', 'Osteroporosis', 'Osteomalacia', 'Periosteal reaction']","output":"Bone infarction"} +{"instruction":"Ocular symptom not seen in Herpes zoster is:","input":"Choices: ['Nummular keratitis', 'Glaucoma', 'Uveitis', 'Cranial nerve palsies']","output":"Cranial nerve palsies"} +{"instruction":"Under National Programme for Prevention of Nutritional Blindness, a child in the age group of 6-11 months is given a mega dose of vitamin A equal to -","input":"Choices: ['50,000 IU', '1 Lakh IU', '1.5 Lakh IU', '2 Lakh IU']","output":"1 Lakh IU"} +{"instruction":"Drumstick is found in:","input":"Choices: ['Neutrophils', 'Lymphocytes', 'Monocytes', 'Platelets']","output":"Neutrophils"} +{"instruction":"Drug with high plasma protein binding have","input":"Choices: ['Sho duration of action', 'Less drug interaction', 'Lower volume of distribution', 'All of the above']","output":"Lower volume of distribution"} +{"instruction":"All of the following drugs act by blocking calcium channels except:","input":"Choices: ['Dantrolene', 'Nicardipine', 'Diltiazem', 'Verapamil']","output":"Dantrolene"} +{"instruction":"Hanging curtain sign is seen in","input":"Choices: ['Ptyriasis alba', 'Pitriasis versicolor', 'Pityriasis rosea', 'Pitriasis miliaris']","output":"Pityriasis rosea"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is not a major component of endodontic pathogenic mechanism","input":"Choices: ['Microbial interferences', 'Enzymes', 'Exotoxins', 'Endotoxin']","output":"Exotoxins"} +{"instruction":"Most common brain tumor in adults?","input":"Choices: ['Glioma', 'Metastases', 'Meningioma', 'Astrocytoma']","output":"Metastases"} +{"instruction":"Glycosaminoglycans located in CNS is","input":"Choices: ['Hyaluronic acid', 'Chondroitin sulfate', 'Keratan sulfate 2', 'Heparan sulfate']","output":"Chondroitin sulfate"} +{"instruction":"A 16-year-old female comes to the physician because of an increased vaginal discharge. She developed this symptom 2 days ago. She also complains of dysuriA. She is sexually active with one paner and uses condoms intermittently. Examination reveals some erythema of the cervix but is otherwise unremarkable. A urine culture is sent which comes back negative. Sexually transmitted disease testing is performed and the patient is found to have gonorrheA. While treating this patient's gonorrhea infection, treatment must also be given for which of the following?","input":"Choices: ['Bacterial vaginosis', 'Chlamydia', 'Herpes', 'Syphilis']","output":"Chlamydia"} +{"instruction":"Which disorder involves a loss of pain sensation on one side of the body coupled with the loss of proprioception, precise tactile localization, and vibratory sensations on the contralateral side of the body?","input":"Choices: ['Herpes zoster', 'Thalamic pain syndrome', 'Lateral medullary syndrome', 'Brown-Sequard syndrome']","output":"Brown-Sequard syndrome"} +{"instruction":"Residual bodies are","input":"Choices: ['Mitochondria', 'Nucleus', 'Golgi apparatus', 'Lysosomes']","output":"Lysosomes"} +{"instruction":"Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is a white matter disease that is indistinguishable from multiple sclerosis by all except","input":"Choices: ['Monophasic', 'Rapidly lethal', 'Associated with brainstem and spinal cord disease', 'Associated with MRI lesions which may resolve']","output":"Monophasic"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following does not cause biliary tract obstruction ?","input":"Choices: ['Ascaris lumbricoides', 'Ankylostoma duodenale', 'Clonorchis sinensis', 'Fasciola hepatia']","output":"Ankylostoma duodenale"} +{"instruction":"Gold standard flap for breast reconstruction -","input":"Choices: ['TRAM flap', 'LD flap', 'DIEP flap', 'Silicone gel implant']","output":"DIEP flap"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following statements about vigabatrin is TRUE ?","input":"Choices: ['Blocks neuronal reuptake of GABA', 'Drug of choice in absence seizures', 'Life threatening skin disorders may occur', 'Visual disturbances can occur']","output":"Visual disturbances can occur"} +{"instruction":"Algor mois is: Punjab 11; NEET 13","input":"Choices: ['Cadaveric spasm', 'Hypostasis', 'Cooling of body', 'Rigor mois']","output":"Cooling of body"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following drug is used for hypotensive anaesthesia:","input":"Choices: ['Isoflurane', 'Nitroglycerin', 'Both 1 & 2', 'Dantrolene']","output":"Both 1 & 2"} +{"instruction":"Temperature used for Pasteurisation is:","input":"Choices: ['720C for 20 min', '630 C for 30 min', '1000C for 10 min', '940C for 20 min']","output":"630 C for 30 min"} +{"instruction":"Which is the commonest benign tumor of liver?","input":"Choices: ['Haematoma', 'Hemangioma', 'Adenoma', 'Nodular focal hyperplasia']","output":"Hemangioma"} +{"instruction":"Most common site of tubal rupture is seen in which tubal pregnancy ?","input":"Choices: ['Interstitial', 'Ampulla', 'Isthmus', 'Infundibulum']","output":"Isthmus"} +{"instruction":"Which antibodies can be detected in a patient suffering from polymyositis?","input":"Choices: ['Anti-SSH', 'Anti-Scl70', 'Anti-Jo1', 'Anti-ds DNA']","output":"Anti-Jo1"} +{"instruction":"All of the following factors normally increase the length of the ventricular cardiac muscle fibers, except:","input":"Choices: ['Increased venous tone', 'Increased total blood volume', 'Increased negative intrathoracic pressure', 'Lying-to-standing change in posture']","output":"Lying-to-standing change in posture"} +{"instruction":"The following agents may be used as prophylaxis in high altitude pulmonary edema -","input":"Choices: ['ACE inhibitor', 'Acetazolamide', 'Nifedipine', 'Digoxin']","output":"Nifedipine"} +{"instruction":"A 7 year-old male complains of numbness of the nasopharynx after surgical removal of the adenoid. A lesion of which of the following nerves would be expected?","input":"Choices: ['Maxillary nerve', 'Superior cervical ganglion', 'External laryngeal nerve', 'Glossopharyngeal nerve']","output":"Glossopharyngeal nerve"} +{"instruction":"Food interferes with absorption of","input":"Choices: ['Candesaan', 'Valsaan', 'Telmisaan', 'Irbesaan']","output":"Valsaan"} +{"instruction":"True regarding morphological feature of peptic ulcer is: March 2008","input":"Choices: ['Usually multiple', 'More common in the stomach', 'Round to oval, sharply punched out defect', 'Size and location helps to differentiate between benign and malignant ulcer']","output":"Round to oval, sharply punched out defect"} +{"instruction":"Lepromin test is used for all of the following except-","input":"Choices: ['Classify the lesions of leprosy patients', 'Determine the prognosis of disease', 'Assess the resistance of individuals to leprosy', 'Diagnosis of leprosy']","output":"Diagnosis of leprosy"} +{"instruction":"About herd immunity, all are true except -","input":"Choices: ['depends on clinical and subclinical cases', 'Influenced by immunization', 'depends on the presence of alternative host', 'Herd immunity is constant']","output":"Herd immunity is constant"} +{"instruction":"Radiation emitts by Ir-192:","input":"Choices: ['0.5 Mev', '0.6 Mev', '0.66 Mev', '0.47 Mev']","output":"0.47 Mev"} +{"instruction":"RFLP is used for","input":"Choices: ['Analysis of chromosomal structures', 'DNA estimation', 'Synthesis of nucleic acid', 'Detecting proteins in a cell']","output":"Analysis of chromosomal structures"} +{"instruction":"Most important factor determining convergence of light rays on the retina is","input":"Choices: ['Length of eyeball', 'Refractive index of cornea', 'Dioptre power of lens', 'Physical state of vitreous']","output":"Refractive index of cornea"} +{"instruction":"In Brow presentation, head of the fetus:","input":"Choices: ['Complete hyperextension', 'Partial extension', 'Complete flexion', 'Partial flexion']","output":"Partial extension"} +{"instruction":"A 72-year-old man has multiple injuries and an altered sensorium after a high-speed motor vehicle collision. He is intubated for his decreased mental status. During intubation, a large amount of gastric contents are noted in the posterior pharynx and he aspirates. Which of the following is the appropriate initial treatment?","input":"Choices: ['Bronchoscopy for aspiration of paiculate matter', 'Steroids', 'Prophylactic antibiotics', 'Inhaled nitric oxide']","output":"Bronchoscopy for aspiration of paiculate matter"} +{"instruction":"A 30 year old lady presents with features of malabsorption and iron deficiency anemia. Duodenal biopsy shows complete villous atrophy. Which of the following antibody is likely to be present.","input":"Choices: ['Antiendomysial antibodies', 'Anti-goblet cell antibodies', 'Anti-Saccharomyces cerevisae antibodies', 'Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies']","output":"Antiendomysial antibodies"} +{"instruction":"Which one of the following is characteristic of mitral valve prolapse syndrome -","input":"Choices: ['Rough mid diatolic murmur', 'Collapsing pulse', 'Lound first hea sound', 'Mid systolic click']","output":"Rough mid diatolic murmur"} +{"instruction":"LCAT is involved in","input":"Choices: ['Transpo of dictory cholesterol', 'Transpo of dietory TGs', 'Reverse cholesterol transpo', 'None']","output":"Reverse cholesterol transpo"} +{"instruction":"Increased gonadal production of estrogen is characteristic of","input":"Choices: ['Testicular feminization', 'Polycycstic ovarian disease', 'Congenital adrenal hyperplasia', 'Third trimester of pregnancy']","output":"Testicular feminization"} +{"instruction":"All of the following are m-tor inhibitors except:","input":"Choices: ['Sirolimus', 'Everolimus', 'Tacrolimus', 'Temsirolimus']","output":"Tacrolimus"} +{"instruction":"Ninhydrin test is used for -","input":"Choices: ['Bile salts', 'Amino acids', 'Nucleic acid', 'Lipids']","output":"Amino acids"} +{"instruction":"Hot potato voice seen in","input":"Choices: ['Quinsy', 'Retropharyngeal Abscess', \"Ludwig's Angina\", 'Glottic carcinoma']","output":"Quinsy"} +{"instruction":"Renal aery stenosis may occur in all of the following except:","input":"Choices: ['Atherosclerosis', 'Fibromuscular dysplasia', \"Takayasu's aeritis\", \"Takayasu's aeritis\"]","output":"Takayasu's aeritis"} +{"instruction":"All the following are true of de quervan's thyroidites except","input":"Choices: ['Pain', 'Increased esr', 'Increased radioactive iodine uptake', 'Fever']","output":"Increased radioactive iodine uptake"} +{"instruction":"The term \"Ambivalence\" was coined by :","input":"Choices: ['Hippocrates', 'Eugen Bleuler', 'Kraeplin', 'Sigmund Freud']","output":"Eugen Bleuler"} +{"instruction":"In traumatic myostis ossificans, following are true except:","input":"Choices: ['Hydroxyapatite deposition', 'Common in elbow injury', 'Periosteal hematoma & leakage', 'All']","output":"Hydroxyapatite deposition"} +{"instruction":"Reslizumab used in bronchial asthma is a monoclonal antibody against","input":"Choices: ['IL-2', 'IL-3', 'IL-4', 'IL-5']","output":"IL-5"} +{"instruction":"Patients receiving fluid replacement therapy should be frequently monitored for:","input":"Choices: ['Adequate urinary output', 'Changes in mental status', 'Vital sign stability', 'All of the above']","output":"All of the above"} +{"instruction":"Right anterior oblique view of chest X–ray true is\/are – a) Cassette near right shoulderb) Cassette near left shoulderc) Arch of Aorta best seend) Left atrial enlargement can be diagnosede) Mitral & tricuspid valves better seen","input":"Choices: ['ad', 'c', 'ac', 'ab']","output":"ad"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following statement is\/are true of all paramyxoviruses -","input":"Choices: ['They contain a single stranded RNA genome of negative polarity', 'Envelope is derived from the host cells plasma membrane', 'They have a cytoplasmic site of replication', 'They enter the body by the respiratory route']","output":"They contain a single stranded RNA genome of negative polarity"} +{"instruction":"True about zero order kinetics:","input":"Choices: ['Rate of elimination is independent of plasma concen- tration', 'Rate of elimination is dependent on plasma concentration', 'Clearance of drug is always constant', 'Half life of drug is constant']","output":"Rate of elimination is independent of plasma concen- tration"} +{"instruction":"Annual under-five deaths globally repoed are ?","input":"Choices: ['6 million', '8 million', '10 million', '12 million']","output":"6 million"} +{"instruction":"In carcinoma bas of tongue pain is refered to the ear through-","input":"Choices: ['Hypoglossal nerve', 'Vagus nerve', 'Glossopharyngeal nerve', 'Lingual nerve']","output":"Glossopharyngeal nerve"} +{"instruction":"Which organism causes prosthetic valve endocarditis within 60 days of surgery?","input":"Choices: ['Streptococcus viridans', 'Fungus', 'Staphylococcus aureus', 'Staphylococcus epidermidis']","output":"Staphylococcus epidermidis"} +{"instruction":"Embryonic period is upto:","input":"Choices: ['8 weeks', '10 weeks', '12 weeks', '6 weeks']","output":"8 weeks"} +{"instruction":"Drugs that have been found to be useful in compensated heart failure include all of the following except:","input":"Choices: ['Na+ K+ ATPase inhibitors', 'Alpha blockers', 'Beta receptor agonists', 'Beta receptor antagonists']","output":"Beta receptor agonists"} +{"instruction":"An important factor that aids in stability of complete denture is","input":"Choices: ['Harmonious occlusion', 'Proper extension of denture bases', 'Polishing of denture bases', 'None of the above']","output":"Harmonious occlusion"} +{"instruction":"A patient was staed on antihypeensive medications; developed renal failure, the drug offended is -","input":"Choices: ['Beta-blocker', 'Alpha-blocker', 'Calcium channel blocker', 'ACE inhibitor']","output":"ACE inhibitor"} +{"instruction":"The infective form of toxoplasma gondii is-a) Oocystb) Bradycystc) Tachyzoited) All of the above","input":"Choices: ['ab', 'a', 'ad', 'bc']","output":"ab"} +{"instruction":"Pleural effusion in rheumatoid ahritis is typically associated with the following features except","input":"Choices: ['Glucose > 60 mg\/dl', 'Protein > 3 gm\/di', 'Pleural fluid protien to serum protein ratio of >0 .5', 'Pleural fluid LDH to serum LDH ratio of >0.6']","output":"Glucose > 60 mg\/dl"} +{"instruction":"The time interval between the primary and secondary case is :","input":"Choices: ['Serial interval', 'Generation time', 'Median Incubation period', 'Secondary attack rate']","output":"Serial interval"} +{"instruction":"Anti-histone antibodies are specific for:","input":"Choices: ['CNS lupus', 'Drug induced lupus', 'Neonatal lupus', 'Cutaneous lupus']","output":"Drug induced lupus"} +{"instruction":"Concomitant treatment with which of the following can cause OCP failure","input":"Choices: ['Enalapril.', 'Metformin', 'Ibuprofen', 'Rifampicin']","output":"Rifampicin"} +{"instruction":"All of the following are features of a benign heart murmur except","input":"Choices: ['Mid systolic', 'Heard at the left sternal area', 'Radiating to the lower chest', 'Soft']","output":"Radiating to the lower chest"} +{"instruction":"WHO defines adolescent age group as","input":"Choices: ['14-21 years', '13-20 years', '10-19 years', '10-17 years']","output":"10-19 years"} +{"instruction":"Which type of immune responses responsible for caseation necrosis in TB?-","input":"Choices: ['Cell-mediated immunity', 'Antibody mediated reaction', 'Allergic reaction', 'Immune complexes']","output":"Cell-mediated immunity"} +{"instruction":"A 35-year-old woman is admitted to the hospital with a mass protruding through her skin at the right lower quadrant. Physical examination reveals intestinal herniation, as shown below. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?","input":"Choices: ['Richter hernia', 'Spigelian hernia', 'Paraumbilical', 'Incisional hernia']","output":"Spigelian hernia"} +{"instruction":"Contraception with increased risk of actinomycosis -","input":"Choices: ['OCPs', 'Condom', 'IUCD', 'Vaginal']","output":"IUCD"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following supplies structures in head, neck, thorax and abdomen?","input":"Choices: ['Internal carotid artery', '12th cranial nerve', 'Vagus nerve', 'Accessory cranial']","output":"Vagus nerve"} +{"instruction":"Ramu, a 22 year old single unmarried man is suffering from sudden onset of 3rd person hallucination for the past 2 weeks. He is suspicious of his family members and had decreased sleep and appetite. The diagnosis is:","input":"Choices: ['Schizophrenia', 'Acute Psychosis', 'Acute mania', 'Acute delirium']","output":"Acute Psychosis"} +{"instruction":"Pseudogestational sac seen in ultrasonography of:","input":"Choices: ['Missed abortion', 'Ectopic gestation', 'Complete abortion', 'Hematometra']","output":"Ectopic gestation"} +{"instruction":"You are considering a reversal of sterilization surgery in your patient. Which of the following surgeries if performed in a woman leaves no potential for reversal?","input":"Choices: ['Pomroy method', \"Aldridge's method\", 'Madlener operation', 'Fimbriectomy']","output":"Fimbriectomy"} +{"instruction":"Necrotizing granulomatous inguinal lymphadenopathy is caused by -","input":"Choices: ['Syphilis', 'Granuloma inguinale', 'Sarcoidosis', 'All']","output":"Syphilis"} +{"instruction":"Post operative ileus is maximum in:","input":"Choices: ['Colon', 'Ileum', 'Duodenum', 'Stomach']","output":"Colon"} +{"instruction":"Cation used in PCR is","input":"Choices: ['Calcium', 'Lithium', 'Magnesium', 'Sodium']","output":"Magnesium"} +{"instruction":"One of the epidemiological indices used to measure the tuberculosis problem in a community is the prevalence of infection. Which among the following is widely used to estimate the prevalence of tuberculosis infection in a population?","input":"Choices: ['Sputum smear examination', 'Tuberculin test', 'Chest X-ray', 'Symptoms suggestive of tuberculosis']","output":"Tuberculin test"} +{"instruction":"features of non severe\/mild pre ecampsia are all ecxept -","input":"Choices: ['Diastolic BP <100 mm Hg', 'Systolic BP< 160 mm Hg', 'Mild IUGR', 'No premonitory symptoms']","output":"Mild IUGR"} +{"instruction":"A 26-year-old male kidney transplant recipient. Multiple brown keratotic papules are seen on the forehead and scalp. Which of the following is the common cause?","input":"Choices: ['HPV subtype 6, 11', 'HPV subtype 2, 4', 'HPV subtype 3, 10', 'HPV subtype 16, 18']","output":"HPV subtype 3, 10"} +{"instruction":"All of these cells are found in small intestine, EXCEPT?","input":"Choices: ['Enterochromaffin cells', 'Goblet cells', 'Neck cells', 'Paneth cells']","output":"Neck cells"} +{"instruction":"A 65-year-old woman presents with complaints of pain and swelling over the inner aspect of right eye for the past two days. Examination of the eye reveals tenderness, edema, and redness over the medial canthus. Slight pressure over the area causes expression of purulent material. Visual acuity is normal. What is the most likely diagnosis in this patient?","input":"Choices: ['Episcleritis.', 'Dacryocystitis.', 'Hordeolum.', 'Chalazion.']","output":"Dacryocystitis."} +{"instruction":"A patient with cushinoid features presents with hemoptysis: he shows no response to dexamethasone supression test; most likely diagnosis here Is","input":"Choices: ['Adrenal hyperplasia', 'Adrenal adenoma', 'Ca lung with ectopic ACTH production', 'Pituitary microadenoma']","output":"Ca lung with ectopic ACTH production"} +{"instruction":"Brunner's glands secrete an alkaline product that helps achieve optimal pH for the activity of pancreatic enzymes. Where are these glands located?","input":"Choices: ['At the base of villi throughout the small intestine', 'In the epithelium of the ampulla of Vater', 'In the mucosa and submucosa of the jejunum', 'In the submucosa of the duodenum']","output":"In the submucosa of the duodenum"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following can be seen in both antemortem and postmortem burns","input":"Choices: ['Pugilistic attitude', 'Heat fracture', 'Heat hematoma', 'All of the above']","output":"All of the above"} +{"instruction":"Type I thyroplasty is for:","input":"Choices: ['Vocal cord medialisation', 'Vocal cord lateralisation', 'Vocal cord shortening', 'Vocal cord lengthening']","output":"Vocal cord medialisation"} +{"instruction":"Alpha 1 anti -trypsin in stool is indicative of:","input":"Choices: ['Protein losing enteropathy', 'Chronic pancreatitis', 'Acute pancreatitis', 'Whipple disease']","output":"Protein losing enteropathy"} +{"instruction":"A 25 year old university student had a fight with the neighboring boy. On the next day while out, he staed feeling that two men in police uniform were observing this movements. When he reached home in the evening he was frightened. He expressed that police was after him and would arrest him. His symptoms represent:","input":"Choices: ['Delusion of persecution', 'Ideas of reference', 'Passivity', 'Thought inseion']","output":"Delusion of persecution"} +{"instruction":"Assay for lipid peroxidation is:","input":"Choices: ['MTT Assay', 'FOX assay', \"Ame's test\", \"Guthrie's test\"]","output":"FOX assay"} +{"instruction":"Fishy net pattern is seen in –","input":"Choices: ['Pemphigus vulgaris', \"Darier's disease\", 'Bullous pemphigoid', 'Dermatitis herpetiformis']","output":"Pemphigus vulgaris"} +{"instruction":"All are true for oxytocin EXCEPT: March 2013","input":"Choices: ['Polypeptide', 'Secreted by anterior pituitary', 'Causes ejection of milk', 'Secreted in both sexes']","output":"Secreted by anterior pituitary"} +{"instruction":"Following TPN, one expects weight gain after ?","input":"Choices: ['2 days', '7 days', '4 weeks', '6 weeks']","output":"7 days"} +{"instruction":"Eustachian tube patency is seen by-","input":"Choices: ['Valsalva', 'Methylene blue test', 'Tonybee test', 'All of the above']","output":"All of the above"} +{"instruction":"Nasopharynx consists of all except:","input":"Choices: ['Pyriform recess', 'Pharyngeal recess', 'Pharyngeal tonsil', 'Salpingopharyngeal fold']","output":"Pyriform recess"} +{"instruction":"All are typical intercostal nerves except","input":"Choices: ['2nd', '3rd', '4th', '5th']","output":"2nd"} +{"instruction":"Uterine blood flow at term is aEUR'","input":"Choices: ['50-70 ml\/min', '100-150 ml\/min', '175-200 ml\/min', '500-750 ml\/min']","output":"500-750 ml\/min"} +{"instruction":"HCG secreted from:","input":"Choices: ['Placenta', 'Pancreas', 'Lung', 'Liver']","output":"Placenta"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following ours filtration at the aeriolar end of the capillary bed.","input":"Choices: ['Decrease in hydrostatic pressure of capillaries', 'Increase in hydrostatic pressure of capillaries', 'Increase in oncotic pressure of capillaries', 'Decrease in oncotic pressure of interstitium']","output":"Increase in hydrostatic pressure of capillaries"} +{"instruction":"In ETC cmplex-4 is inhibited by all except -","input":"Choices: ['CO', 'CN-', 'H2S', 'BAL']","output":"BAL"} +{"instruction":"All of the following species of borrelia are associated with tick borne relapsing fever except?","input":"Choices: ['Borrelia recurrentis', 'Borrelia hermsii', 'Borrelia turicatae', 'None of the above']","output":"Borrelia recurrentis"} +{"instruction":"True about mide-day meal given in school is -","input":"Choices: ['Calories 1\\\\\/3 & Protein 1\\\\\/2', 'Calories 1\\\\\/3 & Protein 1\\\\\/3', 'Calories 1\\\\\/2 & Protein 1\\\\\/2', 'Calories 1\\\\\/2 & Protein 1\\\\\/3']","output":"Calories 1\\\/3 & Protein 1\\\/2"} +{"instruction":"Patient has lacerated untidy wound of the leg and attended the casualty after 2 hours. His wound should be -","input":"Choices: ['Sutured immediately', 'Debrided and sutured immediately', 'Debrided and sutured secondarily', 'Cleaned and dressed']","output":"Debrided and sutured immediately"} +{"instruction":"Injury to the male urethra below the perineal membrane causes urine to accumulate in which pa of perineum ?","input":"Choices: ['Superficial perineal pouch', 'Deep perineal pouch', 'Space of retzius', 'Pouch of douglas']","output":"Superficial perineal pouch"} +{"instruction":"Group A beta haemolytic streptococci (GAbHS) cross reacts with?","input":"Choices: ['Valves & myocardium', 'Annular ring', 'Endocardium', 'Pericardium']","output":"Valves & myocardium"} +{"instruction":"In sickle cell anemia all are true except-","input":"Choices: ['Sickle cells', 'Target cells', 'Howell jolly bodies', 'Ringed sideroblast']","output":"Ringed sideroblast"} +{"instruction":"NADPH in extramitochondrial site helps in the production of:","input":"Choices: ['Ketone bodies', 'Steroids', 'Glycogen', 'None']","output":"Steroids"} +{"instruction":"Very high serum transaminases (ALT\/AST > 1000 lU\/L) are seen in the following conditions except-","input":"Choices: ['Viral hepatitis', 'ischaemic liver injury', 'Toxin-induced liver injury', 'Alcoholic liver disease']","output":"Alcoholic liver disease"} +{"instruction":"Half value layer refers to","input":"Choices: ['The rate at which an X-ray photon transfer its energy to irradiated matter', 'The thickness of a substance required to reduce the number of X-ray photons by half', 'The time taken for X-ray photons to travel half the distance from the source to the object', 'The heel-effect seen when the anode is placed at an angle to the electron stream in the X-ray cathode tube']","output":"The thickness of a substance required to reduce the number of X-ray photons by half"} +{"instruction":"A community has total population 10000. Children ranging 0-6 years are 2000. Literate persons among > 7 years of are 4000. What is Effective literacy rate?","input":"Choices: ['20%', '40%', '50%', '60%']","output":"50%"} +{"instruction":"A fungicidal drug that can be used orally for the treatment of onychomycosis is :","input":"Choices: ['Griseofulvin', 'Amphotericin B', 'Clotrimazole', 'Terbinafine']","output":"Terbinafine"} +{"instruction":"All of the following are histological features of Hashimoto thyroiditis, except:","input":"Choices: ['Lymphocytic infiltrate with germinal center formation', 'Follicular destruction and atrophy', 'Huhle cell metaplasia', 'Orphan Annie eye nuclei']","output":"Orphan Annie eye nuclei"} +{"instruction":"Commonest organ to be injured in primary blast injuries is -","input":"Choices: ['Lung', 'Liver', 'Spleen', 'Skin']","output":"Lung"} +{"instruction":"Schizoint are not seen in peripheral blood of which malarial parasites -","input":"Choices: ['Pvivax', 'P falciparum', 'Povale', 'Pmalariae']","output":"P falciparum"} +{"instruction":"Benzyl peroxide acts in acne vulgaris by","input":"Choices: ['Decreased sebumproduction', 'Acts as oxidizing agent', 'Reduces epithelial proliferation', 'Decreasing bacterial count']","output":"Decreasing bacterial count"} +{"instruction":"A 50-year-old woman undergoes screening colonoscopy as part of a routine health maintenance work-up. An isolated 1-cm pedunculated polyp is found in the sigmoid colon. The excised polyp histologically shows well-differentiated glands with no invasion of the stalk. Which of the following investigational research procedures can distinguish most clearly whether the polyp represents hyperplasia of the colonic mucosa or a tubular adenoma?","input":"Choices: ['Flow cytometry to quantitate cells in the S phase', 'Histochemical staining for mucin', 'Immunohistochemical staining for keratin', 'Molecular marker of clonality']","output":"Molecular marker of clonality"} +{"instruction":"A patient underwent lateral skull base surgery few months back and has presented with complaints of recurrent aspirations. There is no change in voice of the patient. Which of the following nerve is most likely injured during surgery?","input":"Choices: ['Vagus nerve', 'Glossopharyngeal nerve', 'SLN nerve', 'RLN nerve']","output":"SLN nerve"} +{"instruction":"Residual auditory defect is a common complication in meningitis caused by","input":"Choices: ['Staphylococcus', 'Meningococcus', 'Escherichia coli', 'Haemophilus influenzae']","output":"Haemophilus influenzae"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following coagulation factors is deficient in\nclassical haemophilia:","input":"Choices: ['VIII', 'IX', 'X', 'XII']","output":"VIII"} +{"instruction":"Which is false of Horse shoe Kidney -a) Spider like appearance in IVPb) Ureteral Obstruction is commonc) Lower calyx is reversedd) Heminephrectomy improves function","input":"Choices: ['b', 'c', 'ac', 'ad']","output":"ad"} +{"instruction":"Male patient with female like voice. This condition is called:","input":"Choices: ['Puberphonia', 'Androphonia', 'Rhinolalia aperta', 'Rhinolalia clausa']","output":"Puberphonia"} +{"instruction":"Which of these is not a treatment option for a 29 year old patient with moderate to severe endometriosis?","input":"Choices: ['Danazol 200-400mg per day', 'LNG IUD', 'Hysterectomy', 'Inj leuprolide 3.75 mg monthly']","output":"Hysterectomy"} +{"instruction":"The periapical radiograph of RCT treated tooth shows wiggly apical seal of master cone is due to:","input":"Choices: ['Apical perforation of master cone', 'Excess cement in apical region', 'Obstruction of master cone at apical third', 'Short master cone in apical third']","output":"Short master cone in apical third"} +{"instruction":"A 7-month-old, paially immunized child presented with cough ending in characteristic whoop. Which of the following is considered the best type of specimen to isolate the organism and confirm the diagnosis","input":"Choices: ['Nasopharyngeal swab', 'Cough plate culture', 'Tracheal-aspirates', 'Sputum']","output":"Nasopharyngeal swab"} +{"instruction":"Exposure to 90 db and 4000Hz noise results in -","input":"Choices: ['Auditory fatigue', 'Temporary hearing loss', 'Permanent hearing loss', 'Rupture of tympanic membrane']","output":"Auditory fatigue"} +{"instruction":"Apheresis platelet donation--true is all except:","input":"Choices: ['A person with below normal platelet count can donate', 'Person can donate again after 2 days', 'Person can donate 2 times maximum in a week', 'Not more than 24 donations can be done in 1 year']","output":"A person with below normal platelet count can donate"} +{"instruction":"Pharyngeal bursa infections leads to:","input":"Choices: ['Craniopharyngioma', 'Chordoma', \"Thornwaldt's cyst\", 'Lymphoma']","output":"Thornwaldt's cyst"} +{"instruction":"Activity index of GCF shows ?","input":"Choices: ['IL-B\/IL-RC', 'IL-RC\/IL-B', 'RANK \/ OPG', 'OPG\/ RANK']","output":"IL-B\/IL-RC"} +{"instruction":"About Dandy-Walker syndrome, true is:","input":"Choices: ['Mostly have hydrocephalus', 'Cystic expansion of 4th ventricle', 'Mid cerebellar hypoplasia', 'All are true']","output":"All are true"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is the most common method used to know depth of anaesthesia","input":"Choices: ['Oesophageal contractility', 'Depressed Responses', 'Hypotension', 'BIS']","output":"BIS"} +{"instruction":"Cornea is lined by --","input":"Choices: ['Ciliated columinar', 'Simple columinar', 'Squamous non-keratinized', 'Pseudostratified']","output":"Squamous non-keratinized"} +{"instruction":"If Two screening tests are used in Series, then there will be","input":"Choices: ['Increased sensitivity and decreased specificity', 'Increased specificity and decreased sensitivity', 'Increased sensitivity and increased specificity', 'Decreased sensitivity and decreased specificity']","output":"Increased specificity and decreased sensitivity"} +{"instruction":"Which muscle is inserted on arrow marked area:","input":"Choices: ['Brachialis', 'Triceps', 'Biceps', 'Pronator teres']","output":"Biceps"} +{"instruction":"Epidermoids can be differentiated from arachnoid cyst on MRI by:","input":"Choices: ['Contrast enhancement', 'Smooth margins', 'Restricted diffusion', 'CSF signal on FLAIR']","output":"Restricted diffusion"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is the Gold standard diagnostic test for Insulinoma?","input":"Choices: [\"'72 hour' fast test\", 'Plasma Glucose levels < 3 mmol\/L', 'Plasma Insulin levels > 6 uU\/ml', 'C- peptide levels < 50 p mol\/L']","output":"'72 hour' fast test"} +{"instruction":"Active management of 3rd stage of labour is needed for all the following EXCEPT","input":"Choices: ['Rh incompatibility', 'Diabetic mother', 'Prolonged pregnancy', 'Delivery of first baby of twins']","output":"Delivery of first baby of twins"} +{"instruction":"Which the following is not seen in a chronic case of Sickle cell anemia -","input":"Choices: ['Hepatomegaly', 'Pulmonary hypertension', 'Cardiomegaly', 'Splenomegaly']","output":"Splenomegaly"} +{"instruction":"The safest initial approach to open airway of patient with maxillofacial trauma is:","input":"Choices: ['Head tilt-chin tilt', 'Jaw thrust technique', 'Head lift-neck lift', 'Heimlich procedure']","output":"Head tilt-chin tilt"} +{"instruction":"Lardaceous spleen is seen in:","input":"Choices: ['Alcoholic hepatitis', 'Chronic active hepatitis', 'Focal amyloidosis', 'Diffuse amyloidosis']","output":"Diffuse amyloidosis"} +{"instruction":"All of the following Atypical Antipsychotic drugs cause prolonged QT interval except","input":"Choices: ['Risperidone', 'Ziprasidone', 'Quitapine', 'Olanzepine']","output":"Olanzepine"} +{"instruction":"Method of sterilization least suited for Recanalisation is :","input":"Choices: ['Clips', 'Bipolar cauterization', 'Fallopian rings', 'Pomeroys technique']","output":"Bipolar cauterization"} +{"instruction":"All of the following are used for treatment of H.Pylori, except:","input":"Choices: ['Gentamycin', 'Clarithromycin', 'Metronidazole', 'Amoxicillin']","output":"Gentamycin"} +{"instruction":"A 20-year-old female complains of vaginal bleeding. Diagnostic workup reveals clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina. A maternal history should be obtained for use of?","input":"Choices: ['Thalidomide', 'Oral DES', 'Loss of sensation in the scrotum', 'absent bulbocavernosus refl']","output":"Oral DES"} +{"instruction":"Most suitable radioisotope of Iodine for treating hypehyroidism is:","input":"Choices: ['V\"', '1125', 'I131', '1132']","output":"I131"} +{"instruction":"In non pregnant uterus cervical incompetence is treated by ?","input":"Choices: ['Counselling', 'Shirodkars cerclage suture', 'McDonalds cerclage suture', 'Abdominal cerclage']","output":"Counselling"} +{"instruction":"A posteriorly perforating ulcer in the pyloric antrum of the stomach is most likely to produce initial localized peritonitis or abscess formation in the following","input":"Choices: ['Omental bursa (lesser sac)', 'Greater sac', 'Right subphrenic space', 'Hepato renal space (pouch of Morison)']","output":"Omental bursa (lesser sac)"} +{"instruction":"Red degeneration in uterine fibroid is most common in:","input":"Choices: ['Second trimester', 'Third trimester', 'Puerperium', 'First trimester']","output":"Second trimester"} +{"instruction":"Pseudo hermaphroditism in a female child is most commonly due to:","input":"Choices: ['21-hydroxylase deficiency', '17-hydroxylase deficiency', '11-hydroxylase deficiency', '3-hydroxylase deficiency']","output":"21-hydroxylase deficiency"} +{"instruction":"Carcinoma pancrease attains largest size when it is sited in -","input":"Choices: ['Head', 'Ampulla', 'Body & tail', 'Periampullary']","output":"Body & tail"} +{"instruction":"By using Ultrasonogram the smallest size of gallstone which can be confidently diagnosed is of size:","input":"Choices: ['1.5 mm', '3 mm', '5mm', '10 mm']","output":"1.5 mm"} +{"instruction":"Use of tamoxifen in carcinoma of breast patients does not lead to the following side effects :","input":"Choices: ['Thromboembolic events', 'Endometrial carcinoma', 'Cataract', 'Cancer in opposite breast']","output":"Cancer in opposite breast"} +{"instruction":"Growth hormone secretion is stimulated by ?","input":"Choices: ['Increased blood glucose', 'Decreased blood glucose', 'Coisol', 'Somatostatin']","output":"Decreased blood glucose"} +{"instruction":"A 2 year old boy suffering from leukaemia, following are the X-ray finding – a) Osteolytic lesion in flat bonesb) Metaphysial osteoporosisc) Periosteal new bone formationd) Osteosclerosis of long bonee) Transverse line of dark band below the growth plate","input":"Choices: ['bce', 'acde', 'abcd', 'abde']","output":"acde"} +{"instruction":"A 3- year- old child comes with hydrocele of the hernia sac. Management will include:","input":"Choices: ['Herniotomy', 'Herniorrhapy', 'Observation only', 'Operated after 5 years of age']","output":"Herniotomy"} +{"instruction":"A 24 year old man on physical examination was noted to have ptosis. Which of the following muscle must be paralyzed?","input":"Choices: ['Orbicularis Oculi, lacrimal pa', 'Orbicularis Oculi, palpebral pa', 'Superior tarsal', 'Superior oblique']","output":"Superior tarsal"} +{"instruction":"Glycine is used in the synthesis of all EXCEPT-","input":"Choices: ['Purines', 'Creatine', 'Heme', 'Pyrimidines']","output":"Pyrimidines"} +{"instruction":"Cicatrising trachoma is seen in ?","input":"Choices: ['Stage-1', 'Stage-2', 'Stage-3', 'Stage-4']","output":"Stage-3"} +{"instruction":"True about mycobacterium leprae -","input":"Choices: ['Transmitted by droplet infection', 'Phenolic glycolipid (PGL) is virulence factor', 'Generation time 12-13 days', 'All are true']","output":"All are true"} +{"instruction":"Test shown in the video is for which structure & its nerve supply:","input":"Choices: ['Infraspinatus C6,C7', 'Subscapularis C5,C6', 'Supraspinatus C5,C6', 'Teres minor C6,C7']","output":"Supraspinatus C5,C6"} +{"instruction":"Central lymphoid organs are:","input":"Choices: ['Bone marrow', 'Lymph node', 'Spleen', 'All']","output":"Bone marrow"} +{"instruction":"Selective medium for meningococcal infection is","input":"Choices: ['DCA', 'Bllood agar', 'LJ medium', 'Thayer - main medium']","output":"Thayer - main medium"} +{"instruction":"Wallace rule is better known as?","input":"Choices: ['Rule of 10% in pheochromocytoma', 'Rule of 90% in pheochromocytoma', 'Rule of 9 in burn assessment', 'None']","output":"Rule of 9 in burn assessment"} +{"instruction":"True statement about antistreptolysin 'O' titer is","input":"Choices: ['In normal people the titre is > 200', 'In acute glomerulonephritis the titre is low', 'ASO titre > 200 indicate rheumatic fever', 'It is poorly antigenic']","output":"In acute glomerulonephritis the titre is low"} +{"instruction":"Size of paicle for aerosol therapy\/respirable dust is?","input":"Choices: ['0.5-1', '5-Jan', '10-May', '15-Oct']","output":"5-Jan"} +{"instruction":"When the HR is 72 beats per min, what would be the duration of cardiac cycle?","input":"Choices: ['445 ms', '1450 ms', '700 ms', '833 ms']","output":"833 ms"} +{"instruction":"As compared to permanent tooth, root formation in primary tooth:","input":"Choices: ['Take less time', 'Take more time', 'Same time', 'Is complete when tooth erupts in oral cavity']","output":"Take less time"} +{"instruction":"Trans-Cervical Endometrial Resection (TCER) is used in A\/E :","input":"Choices: ['Endometriosis', 'DUB', 'Carcinoma endometrium', 'Submucous fibroid']","output":"DUB"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following statements is true regarding Rett syndrome?","input":"Choices: ['Seen only in boys', 'Does not involve motor abnormalities', 'Associated with normal intelligence', 'None of the above']","output":"None of the above"} +{"instruction":"C.P.I.T.N is used in","input":"Choices: ['Biggest population', 'Smallest population', 'Diagnostic tool', 'Screening purposes']","output":"Screening purposes"} +{"instruction":"Hanging curtain sign seen in?","input":"Choices: ['Pityriasis rosea', 'Pityriasis Versicolor', 'Pityriasis rubra pilaris', 'Pityriasis lichenoides chronica']","output":"Pityriasis rosea"} +{"instruction":"All about Abrus precatorius seeds are true, except","input":"Choices: ['Also called Indian liquorice', 'Active principle is N-methyl tryptophan', 'Inhibits protein synthesis of cells', 'Symptoms resemble cobra snake bite']","output":"Symptoms resemble cobra snake bite"} +{"instruction":"Pseudo obstruction of intestine is also known as?","input":"Choices: [\"Hamann's syndrome\", \"Ozili's syndrome\", \"Ogilive's syndrome\", 'Merizzi syndrome']","output":"Ogilive's syndrome"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following statements about Leptospirosis is true","input":"Choices: ['Rats are prime reservoirs', 'Fluoroquinolones are the drug of choice', 'Person to person Transmission is common', 'Hepatorenal syndrome may occur in upto 50% of patients.']","output":"Rats are prime reservoirs"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is not an antineoplastic antibiotic ?","input":"Choices: ['Actinomycin D', 'Doxorubicin', 'Bleomycin', 'Spiramycin']","output":"Spiramycin"} +{"instruction":"All are Aryl phosphate group of Organophosphorus compounds except:","input":"Choices: ['Follidol', 'Malathion', 'Diazinon', 'Parathion']","output":"Malathion"} +{"instruction":"A child who had derangement of milestones and was hyperactive later on developed self mutilating behavior and hair pulling behavior. The child died a few years later. Which of the following enzyme is most likely deficient in the child?","input":"Choices: ['Phenylalanine hydroxylase', 'HGP', 'Adenosine deaminase', 'Hexosaminidase A']","output":"HGP"} +{"instruction":"Thickest layer of tear film is:","input":"Choices: ['Mucus layer', 'Aqueous layer', 'Oily layer', 'None of the above']","output":"Aqueous layer"} +{"instruction":"The gene that defines the localization of the tooth germs is:","input":"Choices: ['Fgf-8', 'Bmp-2', 'Dlx-5', 'Pax-9']","output":"Pax-9"} +{"instruction":"D2O is used to determine-","input":"Choices: ['ICF', 'ECF', 'Total body water', 'Plasma volume']","output":"Total body water"} +{"instruction":"NOT a feature of Horner's syndrome?","input":"Choices: ['Loss of taste sensation', 'Ptosis', 'Anhydrosis', 'Miosis']","output":"Loss of taste sensation"} +{"instruction":"The type of mammary ductal carcinoma is situ (DCIS) most likely to result in palpable abnormality in the breast is:","input":"Choices: ['Apocrine DCIS', 'Neuroendocrine DCIS', 'Well differentiated DICS', 'Comedo DCIS']","output":"Comedo DCIS"} +{"instruction":"What is the optimum duration antibacterial treatment of acute bacterial prostatitis?","input":"Choices: ['3 days', '4-6 weeks', '7-14 days', '2-14 days']","output":"4-6 weeks"} +{"instruction":"Phosphofructokinase is the key enzyme of","input":"Choices: ['Glycogenolysis', 'Glycogenesis', 'Glycolysis', 'TCA cycle']","output":"Glycolysis"} +{"instruction":"A 22 year old presents to his physician with hemoptysis and hematuria with basement membrane antibodies. Most likely diagnosis is:","input":"Choices: [\"Wagner's Granulomatosis\", \"Goodpasture's syndrome\", 'PAN', 'Churg-Strauss syndrome']","output":"Goodpasture's syndrome"} +{"instruction":"Predisposing factor for leukemia -","input":"Choices: ['Down syndrome', \"Lowe's syndrome\", 'Fragile-x-syndrome', 'None']","output":"Down syndrome"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is not the cause of macrocytic anaemia ?","input":"Choices: ['Orotic aciduria', 'Abetalipoproteinemia', 'Lesh nyhan disease', 'Transcobalamine deficiency']","output":"Lesh nyhan disease"} +{"instruction":"Reversal of shunt is not possible in natural history of?","input":"Choices: ['ASD', 'VSD', 'TOF', 'PDA']","output":"TOF"} +{"instruction":"26 yr old man from Bihar comes with juicy looking papules over face and back of neck which were hypopigmented and normoaesthetic with no nerve thickening. History of prolonged fever in childhood was present. Diagnosis","input":"Choices: ['Tuberculoid leprosy', 'Post Kala Azar dermal leishmaniasis', 'Lepromatous leprosy', 'Lupus vulgaris']","output":"Post Kala Azar dermal leishmaniasis"} +{"instruction":"35 Year primigravida visited your clinic. USG given below: what is the diagnosis?","input":"Choices: ['Anencephaly', 'Holoprocencephaly', 'Nuchal translucency', 'Hydrocephaly']","output":"Nuchal translucency"} +{"instruction":"Most common organism for causing infective endocarditis in native valve -","input":"Choices: ['Streptococcus Viridans', 'Enterococci', 'Staphylococci', 'Gram negative bacilli']","output":"Staphylococci"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following liver tumours always merit surgery","input":"Choices: ['Hemangioma', 'Hepatic adenoma', 'Focal nodular hyperplasia', 'peliosis hepatic']","output":"Hepatic adenoma"} +{"instruction":"A 41-year-old man entered the emergency department with abdominal trauma after his motorcycle was struck by a hit-and-run automobile driver. One week following emergent surgery the patient was released from the hospital. Two months postoperatively the patient complained of abdominal pain. A CT scan examination demonstrated an internal hernia in which the hepatic flexure of the colon had herniated through the epiploic (omental) foramen (of Winslow). Gastrointestinal veins appeared to be markedly dilated, including the veins forming anastomoses between the portal and caval systems (veins of Retzius). Which of the following structures is most likely compressed?","input":"Choices: ['Portal vein', 'Inferior vena cava', 'Hepatic artery', 'Common bile duct']","output":"Portal vein"} +{"instruction":"Rhinospordium seeberi is a","input":"Choices: ['Fungi', 'Aquatic protist', 'Bacteria', 'Virus']","output":"Aquatic protist"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is a technique of border moulding?","input":"Choices: ['Single-step technique.', 'Simultaneous border moulding.', 'Incremental border moulding.', 'All of the above.']","output":"All of the above."} +{"instruction":"Syringes and can be eliminated by?","input":"Choices: ['0.1 per 1000', '10 per 1000', '1000 per 1000', '1 per 1000']","output":"0.1 per 1000"} +{"instruction":"Prevalence of Vitamin-A deficiency in a community is assessed as:","input":"Choices: ['Night blindness-10%', 'Corneal ulcer-0.01%', 'Bitot spots-0.5%', 'Decreased serum retinol level-0.05%']","output":"Bitot spots-0.5%"} +{"instruction":"A patient with 8 cm x 8 cm abscess in right lobe of liver was treated with aspiration multiple times (3 times) and with systemic amebicide. Now cavity is remaining in right lobe of liver but there is nothing in the cavity. Seven days course of luminal amebicides is given. How will you follow up?","input":"Choices: ['Stool examination only', 'USG weekly for 1 month followed by monthly USG till 1 year', 'USG weekly for 3 months followed by CT scan at 3 months.', 'USG or CT scan monthly and stool examination weekly']","output":"USG weekly for 1 month followed by monthly USG till 1 year"} +{"instruction":"Most commonly used measure of central tendancy is:","input":"Choices: ['Mean', 'Median', 'Mode', 'None of the above']","output":"Mean"} +{"instruction":"A patient of schizophrenia treated for 5 years developed perioral movements. Likely diagnosis is -","input":"Choices: ['Tardive dyskinesia', 'Muscular dystonia', 'Akathas i a', 'Malignant neurolept syndrome']","output":"Tardive dyskinesia"} +{"instruction":"Apo B48 & Apo B100 is synthesized from the same mRNA; the difference between them is due to:","input":"Choices: [\"RNA splicing '\", 'Allelic exclusion', 'Deamination of cytidine to uridine', 'Upstream repression']","output":"Deamination of cytidine to uridine"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is a risk factor for developing Type 1 Diabetes mellitus?","input":"Choices: ['Male Gender', 'Old age', 'Gestational diabetes', 'HLA DR3']","output":"HLA DR3"} +{"instruction":"Pre-Renal Azotemia is characterized by all of the following, EXCEPT:","input":"Choices: ['Fractional Excretion of Na < 1%', 'Urinary osmolality > 500 mosm\/kg', 'Urinary sodium concentration > 40 meq\/1', 'Reversible with replacement fluids']","output":"Urinary sodium concentration > 40 meq\/1"} +{"instruction":"Not a germ cell tumour is :","input":"Choices: ['Dysgerminoma', 'Teratoma', 'Granulosa theca cell tumour', 'Embryonal cell carcinoma']","output":"Granulosa theca cell tumour"} +{"instruction":"Satellite nodules are seen in-","input":"Choices: ['Fungal corneal ulcer', 'Tuberculosis', 'Sarcoidosis', 'Viral ulcer']","output":"Fungal corneal ulcer"} +{"instruction":"Which vitamin is required for the rate-limiting step of heme synthesis:","input":"Choices: ['Vitamin B1', 'Vitamin B2', 'Vitamin B3', 'Vitamin B6']","output":"Vitamin B6"} +{"instruction":"What is diagnostic of fresh myocardial infarction in ECG :","input":"Choices: ['QT interval prolongation', 'P mitrale', 'ST segment elevation', 'ST segment depression']","output":"ST segment elevation"} +{"instruction":"Epiphora & lagopthalmous following VII nerveinjury is due to?","input":"Choices: ['Failure of lacrimal pump', 'Increased lacrimal secretion', 'Nasolacrimal duct obstruction', 'None of the above']","output":"Failure of lacrimal pump"} +{"instruction":"Trial of scar is contraindicated in all except:","input":"Choices: ['History of previous classical cesarean section', 'History of previous CS due to contracted pelvis', 'Previous 3 LSCS', 'Previous history of LSCS (Indication malpresentation)']","output":"Previous history of LSCS (Indication malpresentation)"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is true regarding deep inguinal ring:","input":"Choices: ['It lies one cm superior to the mid inguinal point', 'It lies medial to interior epigastric artery', 'Opening in the transversus abdominis muscle', 'It is traversed by ilioinguinal nerve']","output":"It lies one cm superior to the mid inguinal point"} +{"instruction":"All of the following are an example of Indicator media EXCEPT:","input":"Choices: ['Blood agar', 'Eosin methylene blue (EMB)', 'MacConkey (MCK)', 'Stuart media']","output":"Stuart media"} +{"instruction":"The first fibers to be destroyed in periodontitis are?","input":"Choices: ['Free gingival', 'Oblique', 'Horizontal', 'Trans septal']","output":"Free gingival"} +{"instruction":"The most rapidly acting nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent which can be used as an alternative to succinylcholine for tracheal intubation is:","input":"Choices: ['Rocuronium', 'Pancuronium', 'Doxacurium', 'Pipecuronium']","output":"Rocuronium"} +{"instruction":"In pseudogout, material deposited is","input":"Choices: ['Sodium oxalate', 'Calcium apatite', 'Monosodium urate', 'Calcium pyrophosphate']","output":"Calcium pyrophosphate"} +{"instruction":"True about meningococcal meningitis is","input":"Choices: ['Vaccine can be given in pregnancy', 'Cases are the most important source of infection', 'Treatment with penicillin eradicates carrier state', 'Causative agent is a gram –ve diplococci']","output":"Causative agent is a gram –ve diplococci"} +{"instruction":"Infeility in Kaagener syndrome is due to?","input":"Choices: ['Oligospermia', 'Blockage of epididymis', 'Asthenospermia', 'Undescended testis']","output":"Asthenospermia"} +{"instruction":"Which is MC genetic cause of Mental Retardation","input":"Choices: ['Tuberous sclerosis', 'Cri-du-chat syndrome', 'Fragile-x-syndrome', \"Angle's syndrome\"]","output":"Fragile-x-syndrome"} +{"instruction":"Inhibition of which of the following vitamin is caused by Isoniazid?","input":"Choices: ['Riboflavin', 'Pyridoxine', 'Thiamine', 'Folate']","output":"Pyridoxine"} +{"instruction":"The highest point of iliac crest is at the level of:","input":"Choices: ['L3-4', 'L5-51', 'L4-5', 'SI-2']","output":"L3-4"} +{"instruction":"Neuroblastoma arises from","input":"Choices: ['Adrenal', 'Chestwall', 'Rib', 'cerebrum']","output":"Adrenal"} +{"instruction":"True about Dextrain -","input":"Choices: ['Cause Rouleaux formation', 'Impair factor VIIIO function', 'Sugar level', ') Improve microcirculation']","output":"Cause Rouleaux formation"} +{"instruction":"Laparoscopy is best avoided in patients with :","input":"Choices: ['Hypeension', 'Diabetes', 'Obesity', 'COPD']","output":"COPD"} +{"instruction":"During G.A. shivering is abolished by suppression of","input":"Choices: ['Hypothalmus', 'Thalmus', 'Cerebral Coex', 'Medulla']","output":"Hypothalmus"} +{"instruction":"The clinical features associated with coarctation of aoa in older children are the following except ?","input":"Choices: ['Upper body hypeension', 'Prominent pulsation in neck', 'Fatiguableness, tiredness in leg', 'Absence of flow murmurs over scapular region']","output":"Absence of flow murmurs over scapular region"} +{"instruction":"Which investigation is not done in FIGO staging of CA cervix:","input":"Choices: ['Cystoscopy', 'Chest X-ray', 'Pelvic ultrasound', 'IVP']","output":"Pelvic ultrasound"} +{"instruction":"An injury which involves dislocation of the distal radioulnar joint and fracture of the radial head is called?","input":"Choices: ['Galeazzi fracture', \"Monteggia's fracture\", 'Essex-Lopresti injury', \"Barton's fracture\"]","output":"Essex-Lopresti injury"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is a vasoconstrictor:","input":"Choices: ['Bupivacaine', 'Procaine', 'Lidocaine', 'None of the above']","output":"None of the above"} +{"instruction":"30 year male with chronic diarrhoea, anemis, raised liver enzymes. Most likely associated with-","input":"Choices: ['Antimitochondrial antibody', 'Anti-endomysial antibody', 'Anti-smooth muscle antibody', 'Antinuclear antibody']","output":"Anti-endomysial antibody"} +{"instruction":"Amyloid material can be best diagnosed by:","input":"Choices: ['Polarized microscopy', 'Electron microscopy', 'X-ray crystallography', 'Scanning electron microscopy']","output":"Polarized microscopy"} +{"instruction":"Gartner's duct cyst is associated with all except","input":"Choices: ['Ipsilateral renal hypoplasia', 'Ectopic ureter', 'Bartholin cyst', 'Metanephric anomalies']","output":"Bartholin cyst"} +{"instruction":"Monoamniotic monochorionic twins develop if division occurs after:","input":"Choices: ['24 hrs', '1-3 days', '8 days', '14 days']","output":"8 days"} +{"instruction":"Primary hyperaldosteronism presents with all of the following except-","input":"Choices: ['Hypeension', 'Hyperkalemia', 'Periodic paralysis', 'Frontal headache']","output":"Hyperkalemia"} +{"instruction":"Corpus luteum salvage hormone is:","input":"Choices: ['b hCG', 'FSH', 'AFP', 'Estrogen']","output":"b hCG"} +{"instruction":"Treatment of choice for late cardiovascular syphilis is?","input":"Choices: ['Benzathine penicillin 7.2 million units in three divided doses', 'Benzathine penicillin 2.4 million units single dose', 'Benzylpenicillin 12-24 million units for 21 days', 'Tetracycline 2g daily']","output":"Benzathine penicillin 7.2 million units in three divided doses"} +{"instruction":"Ivacaftor was approved by FDA in 2018 for","input":"Choices: ['Cystic fibrosis', 'Migraine', 'Hypeension', 'Glycogen storage disorders']","output":"Cystic fibrosis"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is detected in peripheral blood smear -","input":"Choices: ['Malaria', 'Toxoplasma', 'Babesia', 'Brucella']","output":"Malaria"} +{"instruction":"Non-oliguric acute renal failure is commonly seen in -","input":"Choices: ['Pre-renal azotemia', 'Aminoglycoside toxicity', 'Acute glomerulonephritis', 'Septic shock']","output":"Aminoglycoside toxicity"} +{"instruction":"The most impoant consideration in a patient with borderline pulmonary function requiring lung resection is -","input":"Choices: ['The amount of nonfunctioning lung tissue to be removed', 'The amount of functioning lung tissue to be removed', 'Experience of the surgical team', 'Elevated pulmonary aery pressure']","output":"Elevated pulmonary aery pressure"} +{"instruction":"Bilateral loss of tendon jerk and extensor plantar response is seen in","input":"Choices: ['Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis', \"Freidrich's ataxia\", 'Tabes dorsalis', 'Lead poisoning']","output":"Freidrich's ataxia"} +{"instruction":"The masseteric notch in distobuccal corners of the mandibular denture is due to","input":"Choices: ['Action of buccinator on masseter', 'Action of masseter on buccinator', 'Palatoglossus on buccinator', 'Superior constrictor on masseter']","output":"Action of masseter on buccinator"} +{"instruction":"Features of Alzheimer include all Except:","input":"Choices: ['More common in females', 'Recent memory loss', 'MMSE useful for diagnosis', 'Medication offer near 100% cure']","output":"Medication offer near 100% cure"} +{"instruction":"In atrial septal defect the aoa is","input":"Choices: ['Small', 'Normal', 'Enlarged', 'Aneurysmal']","output":"Small"} +{"instruction":"An addict presents with increased sweating, lacrimation, diarrhea, yawning and rhinorrhea. These symptoms may occur due to withdrawal of ?","input":"Choices: ['Heroin', 'Cocaine', 'Cannabis', 'Alcohol']","output":"Heroin"} +{"instruction":"The drug acamprosate is therapeutically used for:","input":"Choices: ['Cough', 'Rickets', 'Thrombolysis', 'Maintenance therapy of alcohol abstinence']","output":"Maintenance therapy of alcohol abstinence"} +{"instruction":"Placenta previa risk increases with the following except -","input":"Choices: ['Contraceptive use', 'Higher order of pregnancy', 'Maternal age >35 yrs', 'Multiparity']","output":"Contraceptive use"} +{"instruction":"In cholecytectomy of cirrhotic patient , fresh frozen plasma should be given","input":"Choices: ['Just before operation', 'At the time of operation', '6 hours before operation', '12 hours after operation']","output":"Just before operation"} +{"instruction":"A 40-year-old man presents to casualty with history of regular and heavy use of alcohol for 10 years and morning drinking for one year. The last alcohol intake was three days back. There is no history of head injury or seizures. On examination, there is no icterus, sign of hepatic encephalopathy or focal neurological sign. The patient had coarse tremors, visual hallucinations and had disorientation to time. Which of the following is the best medicine to be prescribed for such a patient:March 2013 (e)","input":"Choices: ['Diazepam', 'Haloperidol', 'Imipramine', 'Naltrexone']","output":"Diazepam"} +{"instruction":"Concentration of methemoglobin to cause cyanosis-","input":"Choices: ['5 gm\/dl', '2 gm\/dl', '1.5 gm\/dl', '12 gm\/dl']","output":"1.5 gm\/dl"} +{"instruction":"In pheochromocytoma, not a pa the rule of 10 is","input":"Choices: ['10% are bilateral', '10% are malignant', '10% are extra adrenal', '10% are symptomatic']","output":"10% are symptomatic"} +{"instruction":"The exchange of gases between plasma and tissue fluid is a function of","input":"Choices: ['Partial pressures', 'Hydrostatic pressures', 'Osmotic pressure differentials', 'Difference in volume percent of gases']","output":"Partial pressures"} +{"instruction":"Lipoprotein x is an indirect estimate of :","input":"Choices: ['Hepatitis', 'Myocardial infarction', 'Cholestasis', 'Atherosclerosis']","output":"Cholestasis"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is the preferred marker for detecting acute STEMI in Atheletes -","input":"Choices: ['CK-MB', 'Troponin T\/I', 'C-Reactive Protein', 'LDH']","output":"Troponin T\/I"} +{"instruction":"All of the following drugs cause amorphous whorl like corneal deposits except:","input":"Choices: ['Chloroquine', 'Amiodarone', 'Indomethacin', 'Chlorpromazine']","output":"Chlorpromazine"} +{"instruction":"A young female patient reports to the dental office with complaint of small gaps between her teeth\n\nThe most feasible and economic treatment option for such a situation would be","input":"Choices: ['Porcelain veneers', 'Porcelain jacket crown', 'Orthodontic tooth movement', 'Diastema closure using composite']","output":"Diastema closure using composite"} +{"instruction":"Nerve supply to the perineum is -","input":"Choices: ['Pudendal nerve', 'Inferior rectal nerve', 'Pelvic splanchnic nerves', 'Hypogastric plexus']","output":"Pudendal nerve"} +{"instruction":"A 25-year-old woman has recently moved to a new city. She comes today for her first routine visit and annual physical assessment. She feels well, reports no new symptoms, and her past medical history is negative. Her only medication is the oral contraceptive pill; she is currently in university and drinks on a social basis. She reports smoking in her teens but quit 7 years ago. The physical examination is completely normal. She asks you about screening tests for cancer at her age. Which of the following cancer screening tests are recommended for her age group?","input":"Choices: ['mammography every 5 years', 'Pap smear at least every 3 years', 'stool for occult blood', 'chest x-ray (CXR) every 3 years']","output":"Pap smear at least every 3 years"} +{"instruction":"In which condition breath sounds are absent:","input":"Choices: ['Bronchial asthma', 'Pneumothorax', 'Emphysema', 'Pneumonia']","output":"Pneumothorax"} +{"instruction":"All are true about necrotizing enterocolitis except","input":"Choices: ['Common among term infants', 'Delaying enteral feeding does not prevent NEC', 'Usually develops after the first week of life', 'Intestinal strictures may develop in survivors']","output":"Common among term infants"} +{"instruction":"Atherosclerosis initiation by fibroblast plaque is mediated by injury to -","input":"Choices: ['Smooth muscle', 'Media', 'Adventitia', 'Endothelium']","output":"Endothelium"} +{"instruction":"Optic nerve meningioma arises from ?","input":"Choices: ['Piamater', 'Duramater', 'Astrocytes', 'Arachnoid']","output":"Arachnoid"} +{"instruction":"The site where myosin heads bind to actin in skeletal muscles are covered by:","input":"Choices: ['Tropomyosin', 'Troponin', 'Calcium', 'None of the above']","output":"Tropomyosin"} +{"instruction":"The commonly injured carpal bone next to scaphoid is -","input":"Choices: ['Triquetrum', 'Trapezoid', 'Lunate', 'Capitate']","output":"Triquetrum"} +{"instruction":"Sensitivity is usually expressed in:","input":"Choices: ['Units', 'Alphabets', 'Ascending order', 'Percentage']","output":"Percentage"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following immunosuppresive agents have a side effect of osteoporosis?","input":"Choices: ['Cyclophosphamide', 'Methotrexate', 'Glucocoicoids', 'Mycophenolate mofetil']","output":"Glucocoicoids"} +{"instruction":"All of the following are direct DNA interacting cytotoxic agents except","input":"Choices: ['Melphalan', 'Hydroxyurea', 'Carmustine', 'Ifosfamide']","output":"Hydroxyurea"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is the first sign seen in aspiration pneumonitis?","input":"Choices: ['Tachycardia', 'Tachyponea', 'Wheeze', 'Cyanosis']","output":"Tachyponea"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following prokinetic drug acts on motilin receptors ?","input":"Choices: ['Erythromycin', 'Metoclopramide', 'Loxiglumide', 'Cisapride']","output":"Erythromycin"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following explanations is not an explanation for decreased variability of the fetal hea tracing?","input":"Choices: ['Fetal\"sleep state\"', 'Prematurity', 'Barbiturate ingestion', 'Fetal stimulation']","output":"Fetal stimulation"} +{"instruction":"An elderly man who has had a trival history of head injury three months ago, develops headache and turns unconscious. On examination, he is found to have fixed left dilated pupil and right hemiplegia. What is the most likely diagnosis","input":"Choices: ['Contusio-cereberi', 'Extradural hematoma', 'Chronic subdural hematoma', 'Brain abscess']","output":"Chronic subdural hematoma"} +{"instruction":"Disinfectant power of chlorine is due to -","input":"Choices: ['Hypochlorous acid', 'Hypochlorite ion', 'Both', 'Chloride ions']","output":"Both"} +{"instruction":"A 30 year old female comes acute breathlessness, neck vein distention, and absent breath sounds and nediastinal shift. Which of the following should be done immediately?","input":"Choices: ['HRCT is the investigation of choice', 'ABG analysis should be done', 'CXR', 'Large bore needle puncture of pleura']","output":"Large bore needle puncture of pleura"} +{"instruction":"Bitter almond smell found in poisoning due to -","input":"Choices: ['Charas', 'Hydrocyanic acid', 'Opium', 'Oraganophosphorus']","output":"Hydrocyanic acid"} +{"instruction":"Coca cola bottle sign is seen in","input":"Choices: ['Blowout fracture', 'Glioma', 'sphenoid wing Meningioma', 'Thyroid ophthalmopathy']","output":"Thyroid ophthalmopathy"} +{"instruction":"Features of hemolytic anemia are all except?","input":"Choices: ['Hemoglobinemia', 'Bilirubinemia', 'Reticulocytosis', 'Haptoglobin increased']","output":"Haptoglobin increased"} +{"instruction":"Incidence of cord prolapse is least in :","input":"Choices: ['Frank breech', 'Footling presentation', 'Transverse lie', 'Brow presentation']","output":"Frank breech"} +{"instruction":"The rationale for using ethanol in methanol poisoning is that it:","input":"Choices: ['Antagonises the actions of methanol', 'Stimulates the metabolism of methanol and reduces its blood level', 'Inhibits the metabolism of methanol and generation of toxic metabolite', 'Replenishes the folate stores depleted by methanol']","output":"Inhibits the metabolism of methanol and generation of toxic metabolite"} +{"instruction":"A six months old girl is having recurrent UTI. Ultrasound abdomen shows bilateral hydronephrosis. MCU (Micturating cysto urethrogram) shows bilateral Grade IV vesicoureteral reflux. The treatment of choice is -","input":"Choices: ['Endoscopic injection ofpolyteflon at ureteric orifices', 'Ureteric re-implantation', 'Bilateral Ureterostomy', 'Prophylactic antibiotics']","output":"Prophylactic antibiotics"} +{"instruction":"All are substrates for gluconeogenesis except","input":"Choices: ['Lactate', 'Propionate', 'Alanine', 'Acetyl-CoA']","output":"Acetyl-CoA"} +{"instruction":"Which hepatitis virus had been called as enterovirusa","input":"Choices: ['HAV', 'HBV', 'HCV', 'HEV']","output":"HAV"} +{"instruction":"Which is the nerve supplying gemellus inferior muscle?","input":"Choices: ['Nerve to obturator internus', 'Nerve to obturator externus', 'Nerve to quadratus femoris', 'Ventral rami to S1 and S2']","output":"Nerve to obturator externus"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is not a prerequisite for transvaginal sonography (TVS)?","input":"Choices: ['Consent', 'Full bladder', 'Empty bladder', 'Lithotomy position']","output":"Full bladder"} +{"instruction":"Which is not cytogenetic abnormality in myclodysplastic syndrome","input":"Choices: ['Chromosome 5q deletion', 'Monosomy 7', 'Trisomy 8', 'Chromosome 20q deletion']","output":"Chromosome 20q deletion"} +{"instruction":"Putrefaction is facilitated by following except -","input":"Choices: ['Very high temperature', 'Free air', 'Damp environment', 'Shallow grave']","output":"Very high temperature"} +{"instruction":"Single gene defect causing multiple unrelated problems","input":"Choices: ['Pleiotropism', 'Pseudodominance', 'Penetrance', 'Anticiaption']","output":"Pleiotropism"} +{"instruction":"A middle-aged lady presents with complaints of lower back pain. On examination there is weakness of extension of right great toe with no sensory impairment. An MRI of the lumbosacral spine would most probably reveal a prolapsed intervetebral disc at what level?","input":"Choices: ['L3 - L4', 'L4 - L5', 'L5 - S1', 'S1 - S2']","output":"L4 - L5"} +{"instruction":"Hair-on-end appearance is associated with all of the following except: March 2010, September 2010","input":"Choices: ['G-6-PD deficiency', 'Sickle cell anemia', 'Aplastic anemia', 'Thalassemia']","output":"Aplastic anemia"} +{"instruction":"Bishops score includes all of the following, EXCEPT:","input":"Choices: ['Dilatation', 'Effacement', 'Interspinous diameter', 'Station of presenting pa']","output":"Interspinous diameter"} +{"instruction":"Fallen fragment sign is a feature of","input":"Choices: ['Simple bone cyst', 'Aneuurysmal bone cyst', 'Giant cell tumor', 'Fibrous dysplasia']","output":"Simple bone cyst"} +{"instruction":"Isoform of LDH in skeletal muscles ?","input":"Choices: ['LDH-1', 'LDH-2', 'LDH-3', 'LDH-4']","output":"LDH-4"} +{"instruction":"After I.V. drug administration, elimination of a drug depends on","input":"Choices: ['Lipid solubility', 'Volume of distribution', 'Clearance', 'All of the above']","output":"All of the above"} +{"instruction":"Irradiation can be used to sterilize A\/E","input":"Choices: ['Bone graft', 'Suture', 'Aificial tissue graft', 'Bronchoscope']","output":"Bronchoscope"} +{"instruction":"Hyperkalemia, cardiac arrhythmia, ventricular fibrillation leading to death occurs in","input":"Choices: ['Dry drowning', 'Seawater drowning', 'Freshwater drowning', 'Secondary drowning']","output":"Freshwater drowning"} +{"instruction":"Ferruginous bodies are seen in?","input":"Choices: ['Silicosis', 'Bysinosis', 'Asbestosis', 'Baggassosis']","output":"Asbestosis"} +{"instruction":"Most common cause of neurological deficit in upper limb is -","input":"Choices: ['Polio', \"Erb's palsy\", 'C1-C2 dislocation', 'Fracture dislocation of cervical spine']","output":"Erb's palsy"} +{"instruction":"Unilateral sensorineural hearing loss may occur in-","input":"Choices: ['Coronavirus', 'Mumps', 'Pertussis', 'Rotavirus']","output":"Mumps"} +{"instruction":"Borderline personality disorder -","input":"Choices: ['Chronic feeling of emptiness', 'Unstable interpersonal relationship', 'Grandiosity', 'Low self esteem']","output":"Unstable interpersonal relationship"} +{"instruction":"All the following aeries are involved in Cruciate Anastomosis except","input":"Choices: ['Inferior Gluteal Aery', 'Medial Circumflex Femoral Aery', 'Lateral Circumflex Femoral Aery', 'Superior Gluteal Aery']","output":"Superior Gluteal Aery"} +{"instruction":"Age group affected by Hepatitis 'A' virus -","input":"Choices: ['Children', 'Adult', 'Old age', 'Any age']","output":"Children"} +{"instruction":"Presumptive treatment of malaria in a chloroquine resistant area:","input":"Choices: ['Chloroquine + pyrimethamine', 'Sulphalene + pyrimethamine', 'Chloroquine + primaquine', 'Sulphalene 1000 mg']","output":"Sulphalene + pyrimethamine"} +{"instruction":"The age and sex structure of a population may be best described by a","input":"Choices: ['Life table', 'corelation coefficient', 'Population pyramid', 'Bar chart']","output":"Population pyramid"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is used in rape victims to determine of rupture of hymen and whether rupture is recent or old?","input":"Choices: ['Gaba rod', 'Gram rod', 'Cylinder rod', 'Glaister Keen rod']","output":"Glaister Keen rod"} +{"instruction":"Internal acoustic meatus contains:","input":"Choices: ['Facial nerve', 'Hypoglossal nerve', 'Glossopharyngeal nerve', 'Vagus nerve']","output":"Facial nerve"} +{"instruction":"Most impoant and potential agent that can be used in bioterrorism: Al 11","input":"Choices: ['Plague', 'Smallpox', 'Tuberculosis', 'C. botulinum']","output":"Smallpox"} +{"instruction":"Statement not true about rigor mois is","input":"Choices: ['Appears immediately after death', 'Affects both voluntary and involuntary muscles', 'Indicates time since death', 'Results from fusion of action and myosin filaments']","output":"Appears immediately after death"} +{"instruction":"Verocay bodies are seen in:","input":"Choices: ['Meningioma', 'Hemangioma', 'Glioma', 'Schwannoma']","output":"Schwannoma"} +{"instruction":"A 25-year-old man presents with fever and altered sensorium. The CSF analysis revealed –\n Pressure : Raised, Appearance : Opalescent and on standing cobweb formation seen, Protein : 220 mg%, Sugar : 30 mg%, Cells : 1250 per field mostly lymphocytes, Globulin : Positive. Which one of the following is the most likely diagnosis?","input":"Choices: ['Meningococcal meningitis', 'Subarachnoid haemorrhage', 'Cryptococcal meningitis', 'Tuberculous meningitis']","output":"Tuberculous meningitis"} +{"instruction":"Failure rate of vasectomy is :","input":"Choices: ['0.20%', '0.50%', '3%', '10%']","output":"0.50%"} +{"instruction":"The key to the root of the neck is the scalenus anterior muscle. Which among the following is TRUE about scalenus anterior?","input":"Choices: ['Not Pierced by phrenic nerve', 'Attached to scalene tubercle on 2nd rib', 'Separates subclan aery from subclan vein', 'Pierced by phrenic nerve']","output":"Attached to scalene tubercle on 2nd rib"} +{"instruction":"Erythema chronicum migrans is seen in ?","input":"Choices: [\"Lyme's disease\", 'Glucagonoma', 'Gastrinoma', 'Phaeochromocytoma']","output":"Lyme's disease"} +{"instruction":"Mrs. X, 20years with 30weeks of pregnancy, her parity is","input":"Choices: ['Nulliparous', 'P1', 'P2', 'P3']","output":"Nulliparous"} +{"instruction":"Earliest drug used in acute angle closure glaucoma","input":"Choices: ['Diamox', 'Pilocarpine', 'Atropine', 'DFP']","output":"Diamox"} +{"instruction":"The most consistent sign in disturbed ectopic pregnancy is:","input":"Choices: ['Pain', 'Vaginal bleeding', 'Fainting', 'Vomiting']","output":"Vaginal bleeding"} +{"instruction":"In PCOD which of the following drug is used for ovulation induction in infeility :","input":"Choices: ['Spironolactone', 'Tamoxifen', 'Clomiphene', 'Testosterone']","output":"Spironolactone"} +{"instruction":"True about MHC-","input":"Choices: ['Present on chromosome', 'Class II comprises A, B, C loci', 'Class III has complement', 'Class I is involved in mixed leucocyte reaction']","output":"Class III has complement"} +{"instruction":"The procedure done in cases of clinical suspicion of amyloidosis is","input":"Choices: ['Congo red staining of abdominal fat', 'Renal biopsy', 'Urine electrophoresis', 'Serum immunoelectrophoresis']","output":"Congo red staining of abdominal fat"} +{"instruction":"Preformed antibodies cause:","input":"Choices: ['Hyperacute rejection', 'Acute rejection', 'Chronic rejection', 'Acute humoral rejection']","output":"Hyperacute rejection"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following anti-tubercular drug is contraindicated in pregnancy?","input":"Choices: ['Ethambutol', 'Isoniazid', 'Rifampicin', 'Streptomycin']","output":"Streptomycin"} +{"instruction":"Argon Laser trabeculoplasty is done in –","input":"Choices: ['Open angle glaucoma', 'Secondary glaucoma', 'Angle recession glaucoma', 'Angle closure glaucoma']","output":"Open angle glaucoma"} +{"instruction":"Half life of Co60 is-","input":"Choices: ['74.5 years', '5.2 years', '30 years', '2.6 years']","output":"5.2 years"} +{"instruction":"Thalassemia gives protection against ?","input":"Choices: ['Filaria', 'Kala-azar', 'Malaria', 'Leptospirosis']","output":"Malaria"} +{"instruction":"The clot formed after coagulation cascade is not stable unless extensive cross linking occurs. This is done by -","input":"Choices: ['Plasmin', 'Factor XIII', 'Thrombin', 'High molecular weight kininogen']","output":"Factor XIII"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is the most common cause of pancreatic pseudocyst?","input":"Choices: ['Ca pancreas', 'Pancreatitis', 'Trauma', 'ERCP']","output":"Pancreatitis"} +{"instruction":"Earliest change in cell death is?","input":"Choices: ['Karyolysis', 'Loss of plasma membrane', 'Cell swelling', 'Karyorrhexis']","output":"Cell swelling"} +{"instruction":"Paraneoplastic symdrome is not associated with any kind of antibody mediated-","input":"Choices: ['Stiff Pearson syndrome', 'Necrotizing myelopathy', 'Limbic encephalopathy', 'Eaton Lambe syndrome']","output":"Necrotizing myelopathy"} +{"instruction":"Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojana was launched in:","input":"Choices: ['1999', '2002', '2005', '2008']","output":"2008"} +{"instruction":"All of the following are associated with carcinoid syndrome except: September 2005","input":"Choices: ['Cyanosis', 'Diarrhoea', 'Flushing', 'Acute appendicitis']","output":"Cyanosis"} +{"instruction":"Kamla, age 48 yrs, presents with unilateral mild axial proptosis. There is no redness or pain. Investigation of choice is -","input":"Choices: ['T3 & T4 measurement to rule out thyrotoxicosis', 'CT scan to rule out meningioma', 'Doppler to rule out hemangioma', 'USG to rule out orbital pseudotumor']","output":"T3 & T4 measurement to rule out thyrotoxicosis"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is not a muscular suppo of uterus ?","input":"Choices: ['pelvic diaphragm', 'pineal body', 'distal urethral sphincrer mechanism', 'round ligament of uterus']","output":"round ligament of uterus"} +{"instruction":"Tears are produced in the new born after:","input":"Choices: ['1 Week', '2 Weeks', '3 Weeks', '4 Weeks']","output":"1 Week"} +{"instruction":"Gastric infection with H.pylori account for all these adverse events , EXCEPT:","input":"Choices: ['Peptic ulcer disease', 'Gastric MALT lymphoma', 'GERD', 'Gastric adenocarcinoma']","output":"GERD"} +{"instruction":"Shifting patient from assisted ventilation to voluntary ventilation which of the following shows failure?","input":"Choices: ['O2 saturation <80%', 'PEEP <5cms', 'RR <35 mins', 'Tidal volume >5 ml\/kg']","output":"O2 saturation <80%"} +{"instruction":"Shingles is caused by:","input":"Choices: ['VZV', 'HSV', 'CMV', 'Enterovirus 70']","output":"VZV"} +{"instruction":"Best prognosis for carcinoma of pancreas is in the region of:-","input":"Choices: ['Head', 'Tail', 'Body', 'Periampullary']","output":"Periampullary"} +{"instruction":"The amino acid that can be converted into a vitamin:","input":"Choices: ['Glycine', 'Tryptophan', 'Phenylalanine', 'Lysine']","output":"Tryptophan"} +{"instruction":"Exfoliative dermatitis is seen in all the following except","input":"Choices: ['Drug reaction', 'Psoriasis', 'Pityriasis rosea', 'Pityriasis rubra pilaris']","output":"Pityriasis rosea"} +{"instruction":"Epley's test is used for which of the following conditions?","input":"Choices: ['Benign paroxysmal positional veigo', 'Basilar migraine', 'Ohostatic hypotension', 'Thoracic outlet syndrome']","output":"Benign paroxysmal positional veigo"} +{"instruction":"Aery responsible for bleeding in hemoptysis is?","input":"Choices: ['Bronchial aery', 'Pulmonary aery', 'Intersegmental aery', 'Intercostal collaterals']","output":"Bronchial aery"} +{"instruction":"Bimodality of incidence occurs in all, except","input":"Choices: ['Cancer penis in males', \"Hodgkin's disease\", 'Breast cancer in females', 'Leukemia']","output":"Cancer penis in males"} +{"instruction":"Why is tetany seen with hyperventilation","input":"Choices: ['Metabolic alkalosis', 'Metabolic acidosis', 'Respiratory alkalosis', 'Respiratory acidosis']","output":"Respiratory alkalosis"} +{"instruction":"Most common type of post puerperal psychosis is:","input":"Choices: ['Depression', 'Anxiety', 'Mania', 'Suicide']","output":"Depression"} +{"instruction":"Methotrexate resistance is due to :","input":"Choices: ['Depletion of folate', 'Overproduction of DHFRase', 'Overproduction of thymidylate kinase', 'Decreased DHFRase']","output":"Depletion of folate"} +{"instruction":"Severe hypoglycemia, increased uric acid and renal failure are seen in ?","input":"Choices: ['Carbohydrate metabolic disorder', 'Glycogen storage disorder', 'Lipoprotein deficiency disorder', 'Protein folding disorder']","output":"Glycogen storage disorder"} +{"instruction":"Busulfan toxicity does not include -","input":"Choices: ['Hyperpigmentation', 'Toxic carditis', 'Hyperuricemia', 'Pulmonary fibrosis']","output":"Toxic carditis"} +{"instruction":"SLE like syndrome may be produced by all except:-","input":"Choices: ['Sulfonamide', 'Psoralen', 'Hydralazine', 'Procainamide']","output":"Psoralen"} +{"instruction":"Alkalinization of urine is done in which of the following drug poisoning? ()","input":"Choices: ['Amphetamine', 'Morphine', 'Phenobarbitone', 'Digoxin']","output":"Phenobarbitone"} +{"instruction":"In elevation of the eyebrows and production of transverse wrinkles of the face","input":"Choices: ['Only the occipital bellies of occipitofrontalis act', 'Only the frontal bellies of occipitofrontalis act', 'Both the bellies act simultaneously', 'Both the bellies act one after the other']","output":"Both the bellies act simultaneously"} +{"instruction":"All are true about the external appearance of the large bowel, EXCEPT:","input":"Choices: ['It has 3 discrete bands called taenia', 'Talnia stas at the base of the appendix', 'The haustra found between the taenia', 'Appendices epiploicae see in the large intestine']","output":"Appendices epiploicae see in the large intestine"} +{"instruction":"Cystinuria presents with excess of","input":"Choices: ['Cysteine', 'Tyrosine', 'Glutamine', 'Valine']","output":"Cysteine"} +{"instruction":"Radium emits which of the following radiations – a) Alpha raysb) Beta raysc) Gamma raysd) X–rayse) Neutrons","input":"Choices: ['abce', 'abcd', 'acde', 'abde']","output":"abce"} +{"instruction":"Brinzolamide is a?","input":"Choices: ['Highly specific, competitive and reversible inhibitor', 'Noncompetive irreversible inhibitor', 'Noncompetitive reversible inhibitor', 'Competive irreversible inhibitor']","output":"Noncompetitive reversible inhibitor"} +{"instruction":"Raspberry tongue is seen in","input":"Choices: ['Scarlet fever', 'Vitiligo', 'Vitamin B12 deficiency', 'Impetigo']","output":"Scarlet fever"} +{"instruction":"A patient with hip in adduction and medial rotation and is unable to move probable diagnosis is -","input":"Choices: ['Posterior dislocation head of femur', 'Fracture shaft of femur', 'Fracture neck of femur', 'Sciatica']","output":"Posterior dislocation head of femur"} +{"instruction":"Lens is derived from -","input":"Choices: ['Surface Ectoderm', 'Endoderm', 'Mesoderm', 'Neuroectoderm']","output":"Surface Ectoderm"} +{"instruction":"True about Dermatomyositis -a) Gottron signb) ANA is positive in all casesc) All cases a\/w internal malignancyd) Proximal muscle wastinge) Steroid maintenance","input":"Choices: ['acd', 'bde', 'ade', 'ad']","output":"ade"} +{"instruction":"Poland Syndrome is","input":"Choices: ['Congenital absence of Pectoralis minor', 'Acquired Weakness and disuse atrophy of Pectoralis minor', 'Acquired Weakness and disuse atrophy of Pectoralis major', 'Congenital absence of Pectoralis major']","output":"Congenital absence of Pectoralis major"} +{"instruction":"Periodontal surgery is most difficult to carry out in 2nd molar distally due to:","input":"Choices: ['Lack of sufficient attached gingiva.', 'Presence of bulbous fibrous tissue over tuberosity and retromolar pad.', 'Both', 'None']","output":"Both"} +{"instruction":"The antidote for acetaminophen poisoning is","input":"Choices: ['N-Acetyl cysteine', 'N-Glycolamine', 'Penicillamine', 'Fomepizole']","output":"N-Acetyl cysteine"} +{"instruction":"Bird of Prey\" sign is seen in the radiographic barium examination of:","input":"Choices: ['Gastric volvulus', 'Intussusception', 'Sigmoid volvulus', 'Caeca! volvulus']","output":"Sigmoid volvulus"} +{"instruction":"Which type of pelvis is associated with increased incidence of ‘face to pubis’ delivery?","input":"Choices: ['Gynaecoid pelvis', 'Anthropoid pelvis', 'Android pelvis', 'Platypelloid pelvis']","output":"Anthropoid pelvis"} +{"instruction":"To achieve a Net Reproduction Rate (NRR) of be 1 couple protection rate should be:","input":"Choices: ['50%', '60%', '55%', '75%']","output":"60%"} +{"instruction":"Glanders disease is caused by -","input":"Choices: ['Burkholderia mallei', 'Diphtheria', 'Mumps', 'Burkholderia pseudomallei']","output":"Burkholderia mallei"} +{"instruction":"Grave's ophthalmopathy mostly presents as September 2010","input":"Choices: ['Proptosis', 'Ptosis', 'Reduced intraocular tension', 'Increased power of convergence']","output":"Proptosis"} +{"instruction":"McKneown’s Theory states that reduced prevalence of Tuberculosis occurs due to","input":"Choices: ['Enhanced knowledge and awareness', 'Medical advancements', 'Behavioural modification', 'Social and environmental factors']","output":"Enhanced knowledge and awareness"} +{"instruction":"Glass vessels and syringes are best sterilised by ?","input":"Choices: ['Hot air oven', 'Autoclaving', 'Irradiation', 'Ethylene dioxide']","output":"Hot air oven"} +{"instruction":"In Endometrial carcinoma, which of the following tumor suppressor gene occurs?","input":"Choices: ['P53', 'Rb', 'PTEN', 'APC']","output":"PTEN"} +{"instruction":"Treatment for streptococcal necrotizing fascitis -","input":"Choices: ['Surgical debridement', 'Penicillin', 'Clindamycin', 'All']","output":"All"} +{"instruction":"Coat's disease -","input":"Choices: ['Has equal sex incidence', 'Caused by peripheral neovascularization', 'Is inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern', 'Can be treated with laser']","output":"Can be treated with laser"} +{"instruction":"Consent for examination in a psychiatric patient is given by: COMEDK 13","input":"Choices: ['Patient', 'Doctor', 'Guardian', 'Not required']","output":"Guardian"} +{"instruction":"Tennis racket cells is seen in -","input":"Choices: ['Sarcoma botyroides', 'Vaginal adenocarcinoma', 'Leiomyoma uterus', 'Seminoma']","output":"Sarcoma botyroides"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is associated with pregnancy?","input":"Choices: ['Type I diabetes', 'Type II diabetes', 'Gestational diabetes', 'Juvenile diabetes']","output":"Gestational diabetes"} +{"instruction":"Gun powder residues can be detec-ted by:","input":"Choices: ['Benzidine test', 'Barberios test', 'Dermal nitrate test', 'Hydrostatic test']","output":"Dermal nitrate test"} +{"instruction":"Which vaccine is not include in indradhanush mission?","input":"Choices: ['Tuberculosis', 'Measles', 'Japanese Encephalitis', 'Diphtheria']","output":"Japanese Encephalitis"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following markers is specific for gastro-intestinal stomal tumor (GIST)","input":"Choices: ['CD117', 'CD34', 'CD23', 'S-100']","output":"CD117"} +{"instruction":"All are methods of sterilization by dry heat except -","input":"Choices: ['Flaming', 'Incineration', 'Hot air oven', 'Autoclaving']","output":"Autoclaving"} +{"instruction":"Ramu, 40 year old male, chronic alcoholic, diagnosed as cirrhosis, presents with a lump in the right lobe of liver. Serum AFP level is normal. Most probable diagnosis is -","input":"Choices: ['Fibrohyperplasia', 'Hepatocellular carcinoma', 'Secondaries', 'Hepatocellular adenoma']","output":"Hepatocellular carcinoma"} +{"instruction":"Phospholipase C acts as secondary messenger for","input":"Choices: ['FSH', 'IH', 'TSH', 'GnRH']","output":"GnRH"} +{"instruction":"RFLP, true are -a) Endonuclease cuts DNA at nucleotide levelb) It acts at specific sitec) Only cohesive ends are producedd) Only blunt ends are produced","input":"Choices: ['ac', 'a', 'ad', 'ab']","output":"ab"} +{"instruction":"In which of the following form of imaging, Harmonic imaging is related-","input":"Choices: ['Sonography', 'Digital radiography', 'MRCP', 'Nuclear imaging']","output":"Sonography"} +{"instruction":"A 32-year-old female, asymptomatic, not requiring blood transfusion, presents with Hb 13.0 gm\/dl. Her HbF levels levels are 95%, Hb A2 1.5%. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?","input":"Choices: ['Hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin', 'Beta homozygous thalassemia', 'Thalassemia intermedia', 'Beta heterozygous thalassemia']","output":"Hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin"} +{"instruction":"Angiography is the investigation of choice in:","input":"Choices: ['Posterior vitreous detachment', 'Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment', 'Retinoschisis', 'Central serous retinopathy']","output":"Central serous retinopathy"} +{"instruction":"Mouse-nibbled vocal-cord is seen in -","input":"Choices: ['TB', 'Leprosy', 'Laryngeal papilloma', 'Epiglottitis']","output":"TB"} +{"instruction":"Meiotic division of male germ cells commence","input":"Choices: ['during intra-uterine life', 'just before birth', 'by around 6 years after birth', 'by around 16 years']","output":"by around 16 years"} +{"instruction":"Menkes disease is due to deficiency of:","input":"Choices: ['Selenium', 'Copper', 'Chromium', 'Manganese']","output":"Copper"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following muscle becomes boundary of the cubital fossa?","input":"Choices: ['Biceps', 'Triceps', 'Brachioradialis', 'Coracobrachialis']","output":"Brachioradialis"} +{"instruction":"Flowcytometry of an AML patient showed CD41 and CD61 positivity, it belongs to which FAB classification?","input":"Choices: ['M0', 'M3', 'M5', 'M7']","output":"M7"} +{"instruction":"Reis buckler dystrophy affects which layer of the cornea?","input":"Choices: ['Epithelium', 'Stroma', \"Bowman's layer\", 'Endothelium']","output":"Bowman's layer"} +{"instruction":"Diagnosis of tubercular pericarditis can be done by: September 2011","input":"Choices: ['Chest X-ray', 'USG', 'MRI', 'Aspiration and culture']","output":"Aspiration and culture"} +{"instruction":"Atractiloside act as","input":"Choices: ['Uncoupler', 'Inhibitor of oxidative phosphorylation', 'Inhibitor of complex I of ETC', 'Inhibitor of complex III of ETC']","output":"Inhibitor of oxidative phosphorylation"} +{"instruction":"Lymphatic drainage of the stomach include all except-","input":"Choices: ['Right gastroepiploic nodes', 'Pyloric nodes', 'Preaortic nodes', 'Coeliac nodes']","output":"Preaortic nodes"} +{"instruction":"A 68-year-old male musician presents to the emergency department with a sudden onset of colicky abdominal pain and massive vomiting of 4-hour duration. Examination shows an elevated WBC of 13,200 with a HCT of 45%. Electrolytes and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) are normal. An erect film of the abdomen reveals dilatation of the stomach with distended loops of bowel. What is his clinical diagnosis?","input":"Choices: ['Complete proximal intestinal obstruction', 'Incomplete proximal intestinal obstruction', 'Complete ileal obstruction', 'Incomplete ileal obstruction']","output":"Complete proximal intestinal obstruction"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is FALSE about Infectious mononucleosis","input":"Choices: ['Non-Suppurative, painless Lymphadenopathy', 'Maculo-papular rash or petechial rash', 'Lymphocytosis is usually demonstrable, with >10% atypical lymphocytes', 'Transient bilateral upper lid Edema']","output":"Non-Suppurative, painless Lymphadenopathy"} +{"instruction":"Iso osmolar urine is seen in -","input":"Choices: ['ATN', 'Severe dehydration', 'Diabetes insipidus', 'PCKD']","output":"ATN"} +{"instruction":"The process by which fusion of part of a cell membrane occurs is\/are","input":"Choices: ['Cell division', 'Endocytosis', 'Exocytosis', 'Virus replication']","output":"Endocytosis"} +{"instruction":"Masseteric nerve is a branch of:","input":"Choices: ['Long buccal nerve', 'Mandibular division of trigeminal nerve', 'Maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve', 'Motor branch of the facial nerve']","output":"Mandibular division of trigeminal nerve"} +{"instruction":"Red keratic precipitates are seen in ?","input":"Choices: ['Granulomatous uveits', 'Hemorrhagic uveitis', 'Old healed uveitis', 'Acute anterior uveitis']","output":"Hemorrhagic uveitis"} +{"instruction":"True statement about great saphenous vein","input":"Choices: ['It begins at lateral end of dorsal venous arch', 'It runs anterior to medial malleolus', 'It is accompanied by sural nerve', 'Terminates into popliteal vein']","output":"It runs anterior to medial malleolus"} +{"instruction":"A patient with history of recurrent posterior dislocation of humerus is evaluated for a 'Hill-Sach's lesion. Which aspect of the head of humerus is likely to show this lesion in the above patient?","input":"Choices: ['Anteromedial', 'Anterior', 'Posterolateral', 'Posterior']","output":"Anteromedial"} +{"instruction":"Hounsfield units are used in CT density scale to measure attenuation value of different materials compared to water. The value of fat in HU would be around:","input":"Choices: ['-100', '-1000', '100', '1000']","output":"-100"} +{"instruction":"All are true about this procedure except?","input":"Choices: ['Maximum weight loss', 'Mildly malabsorptive & Largely restrictive', 'Side effect is 2- 4 bowel movements\/day with Malodour', 'Maximum Remission of Type 2 DM']","output":"Mildly malabsorptive & Largely restrictive"} +{"instruction":"Trypsin, Chymotrypsin & Elastases - What type of enzymes are they?","input":"Choices: ['Hydrolases', 'Lyases', 'Synthases', 'Synthetases']","output":"Hydrolases"} +{"instruction":"The following drug is indicated in the treatment of pityriasis versicolar:","input":"Choices: ['Ketoconazole.', 'Metronidazole.', 'Griseofulvin.', 'Chloroquine.']","output":"Ketoconazole."} +{"instruction":"Which is the first site of rigor mortis?","input":"Choices: ['Fingers', 'Toes', 'Myocardium', 'Eyelids']","output":"Myocardium"} +{"instruction":"True about Glomus juglare are all of the statements, EXCEPT:","input":"Choices: ['Rising sun sign is seen', 'Involves 9th and 10th cranial nerve', 'Pulsatile tinnitus is seen', 'Invades epitympanum']","output":"Invades epitympanum"} +{"instruction":"What is tympanoplasty?","input":"Choices: ['Eradication of middle ear disease with reconstruction of tympanic membrane & ossicles', 'Eradication of disease from internal ear', 'Repair of tympanic membrane only', 'Repair of ossicle only']","output":"Eradication of middle ear disease with reconstruction of tympanic membrane & ossicles"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following statements about vasomotor centre is true","input":"Choices: ['Independent of corticohypothalamic inputs', 'Influenced by baroreceptor signals but not by chemoreceptors', 'Acts along with cardiovagal centre to maintain BP', 'Essentially silent in sleep']","output":"Acts along with cardiovagal centre to maintain BP"} +{"instruction":"ACTH producing lung carcinoma","input":"Choices: ['Small cell CA', 'Squamous cell CA', 'Mesothelioma', 'Bronchoadenocarcinoma']","output":"Small cell CA"} +{"instruction":"Which one of the following radioisotope is not used as permanent implant:","input":"Choices: ['Iodine-125.', 'Palladium-103', 'Gold-198.', 'Caesium-137']","output":"Caesium-137"} +{"instruction":"Antropo-Zoonoses are all except-","input":"Choices: ['Giinea worm infestation', 'Rabies', 'Plague', 'Hydatid cyst']","output":"Giinea worm infestation"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following most commonly cause intraorbital metastasis in female :","input":"Choices: ['Breast cancer', 'Cervical cancer', 'Ovarian cancer', 'Endometrial cancer']","output":"Breast cancer"} +{"instruction":"Residual ridge resorption is:","input":"Choices: ['Directly proportional to the anatomic factor.', 'Indirectly proportional to the force.', 'Directly proportional to the damping effect.', 'Directly proportional to the bone-forming factors.']","output":"Directly proportional to the anatomic factor."} +{"instruction":"Bead cystogram is used for the diagnosis of:","input":"Choices: ['Ca bladder', 'Stress incontinence', 'Thimble bladder', 'Diveiculum']","output":"Stress incontinence"} +{"instruction":"Hormone responsible for BP regulation after a fall due to blood loss.","input":"Choices: ['ADH', 'ANP', 'Epinephrine', 'Aldosterone']","output":"ADH"} +{"instruction":"Deep transverse arrest occurs in ...... pelvis :","input":"Choices: ['Gynaecoid', 'Platypelloid', 'Android', 'Mixed']","output":"Android"} +{"instruction":"Misoprostol is a -","input":"Choices: ['Prostaglandin E1 analogue', 'Prostaglandin E2 analogue', 'Prostaglandin antagonist', 'Antiprogestin']","output":"Prostaglandin E1 analogue"} +{"instruction":"Which is the most common cause of papillary necrosis","input":"Choices: ['Analgesics abuse', 'Chronic alcoholism', 'Acute pyelonephritis', 'Diabetes mellitus']","output":"Diabetes mellitus"} +{"instruction":"A dense persistent nephrogram may be seen in all of the following except –","input":"Choices: ['Acute ureteral obstruction', 'Systemic hypertension', 'Severe hydronephrosis', 'Dehydration']","output":"Systemic hypertension"} +{"instruction":"Enteropathy type T cell lymphoma is associated with -","input":"Choices: ['M.A.L. Toma', 'Celiac Sprue', 'Menetrier disease', \"Crohn's disease\"]","output":"Celiac Sprue"} +{"instruction":"Opsomyoclonus is encountered as C\/F of","input":"Choices: ['Meningioma', 'Cerebral atrophy', 'Excision', 'Neurofibramatosis']","output":"Cerebral atrophy"} +{"instruction":"Death caused by medical negligence is under which IPC -","input":"Choices: ['304A IPC', '351 IPC', '312 IPC', 'None']","output":"304A IPC"} +{"instruction":"By Fick's first law of diffusion, rate of simple diffusion is NOT propoional to:","input":"Choices: ['Surface area', 'Temperature', 'Concentration gradient', 'Thickness of the membrane']","output":"Temperature"} +{"instruction":"Which one of the following gastrointestinal disorders predisposes to urolithiasis?","input":"Choices: [\"Peutz-Jegher's syndrome\", 'Sho bowel syndrome', 'Familial polyposis coli', 'Ulcerative colitis']","output":"Sho bowel syndrome"} +{"instruction":"Rosettes found at the lid margin are a feature of","input":"Choices: ['Ulcerative blepharitis', 'Squamous blepharitis', 'Both of the above', 'None of the above']","output":"Ulcerative blepharitis"} +{"instruction":"Pain-sensitive intracranial structure is:","input":"Choices: ['Piamater', 'Pial vassels', 'Duramater', 'Brain matter']","output":"Duramater"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following drugs DO NOT cause hyper- prolactinemia?","input":"Choices: ['Bromocriptine', 'Haloperidol', 'Reserpine', 'Chlorpromazine']","output":"Bromocriptine"} +{"instruction":"Examination of only the facial surfaces of the anterior teeth, using a basic fuchsin disclosing agent is done in which of the following index?","input":"Choices: ['Plaque Index', 'Quigley Hein Plaque Index', 'Periodontal Disease Index', 'Shick & Ash Modification Of Plaque Criteria']","output":"Quigley Hein Plaque Index"} +{"instruction":"All are features of hypermagnesemia except?","input":"Choices: ['Hypotension', 'Ileus', 'Tetany', 'Decreased DTR']","output":"Tetany"} +{"instruction":"The retina is an out growth of the :","input":"Choices: ['Mesencephalon', 'Diencephalon', 'Telencephalon', 'Pons']","output":"Diencephalon"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following viruses possesses DNA a capsid with icosahedral symmetry and no lipid envelope","input":"Choices: ['Herpesvirus', 'Adenovirus', 'Poxvirus', 'All']","output":"Adenovirus"} +{"instruction":"Laceration shows all the features except:","input":"Choices: ['Bruising and abrasion around margins', 'Irregular, Ragged margins', 'Loss of tissue', 'More bleeding']","output":"More bleeding"} +{"instruction":"At isoelectric pH proteina) Have Net charge '0'b) Are positively chargedc) Are negatively chargedd) Don't migrate","input":"Choices: ['ad', 'c', 'ac', 'ab']","output":"ad"} +{"instruction":"Histologic sections (routine H&E stain) of lung reveal the alveoli to be filled with pale, nongranular pink fluid. Neither leukocytes nor erythrocytes are present within this fluid. What is the most likely (i.e., most common) cause of this abnormality?","input":"Choices: ['Bacterial pneumonia', 'Congestive hea failure', 'Lymphatic obstruction by tumor', 'Pulmonary embolus']","output":"Congestive hea failure"} +{"instruction":"'Moron' is one with an IQ of","input":"Choices: ['0-24', '25-49', '50-69', '70-79']","output":"50-69"} +{"instruction":"Malignant glaucoma is seen in –a) Anterior chamber normalb) Misdirected aqueous flowc) Pilocarpine is the drug of choiced) Management is medical onlye) Atropine is also given","input":"Choices: ['ab', 'be', 'bc', 'ce']","output":"be"} +{"instruction":"Following are useful in Rx of PPH in women with Rheumatic heart disease except:","input":"Choices: ['Oxytocin', 'Misoprostol', 'Methyl ergometrine', 'Carboprost']","output":"Methyl ergometrine"} +{"instruction":"All of the following are true about achalasia cardia except: March 2012","input":"Choices: ['Bird beaks appearance', 'Absent air bubble in stomach', 'Decreased lower oesophageal sphincter tone', 'Absent peristalsis in the body of oesophagus']","output":"Decreased lower oesophageal sphincter tone"} +{"instruction":"Lewis body is characteristically is seen in","input":"Choices: ['Parkinsonism', \"Pick's disease\", \"Azlheimer's disease\", 'Neiman Pick disease']","output":"Parkinsonism"} +{"instruction":"A 43-year-old teacher underwent left parotidectomy. Upon awakening from surgery, paralysis of the left lower lip was observed. This complication was most likely due to injury to which of the following:","input":"Choices: ['Parotid duct', 'Facial nerve temporal branch', 'Facial nerve cervical branch', 'Facial nerve main trunk']","output":"Facial nerve cervical branch"} +{"instruction":"Fox Fordyce Disease effects:","input":"Choices: ['Sebaceous glands', 'Eccrine Glands', 'Apocrine glands', 'Any gland']","output":"Apocrine glands"} +{"instruction":"Silver plated dyes use an electrolytic bath of:","input":"Choices: ['Silver fluorides', 'Silver cyanide', 'Silver bromide', 'Silver iodide']","output":"Silver cyanide"} +{"instruction":"LVH is commonly seen with -","input":"Choices: ['Pure mitral stenosis', 'ASD with fossa-ovalis', 'Aortic incompetance', 'Carcinoid syndrome']","output":"Aortic incompetance"} +{"instruction":"Anteroposterior stability of eyeball is provided by all except –","input":"Choices: ['Suspensory ligament of the eye ball', 'Superior oblique', 'Superior rectus', 'Orbital fat']","output":"Suspensory ligament of the eye ball"} +{"instruction":"The sharpest cusp of primary first mandibular molar tooth is:","input":"Choices: ['Mesiobuccal', 'Distobuccal', 'Mesiolingual', 'Distolingual']","output":"Mesiolingual"} +{"instruction":"Abnormal baseline variability in fetus is defined as:","input":"Choices: ['Beat to beat variation < 5 mins', 'Beat to beat variation < 5 for 40 mins', 'Beat to beat variation < 5 for 60 mins', 'Beat to beat variation < 5 for 90 mins']","output":"Beat to beat variation < 5 for 90 mins"} +{"instruction":"Condition to promote adipocere formation is","input":"Choices: ['Dry and hot', 'Hot and humid', 'Dry and optimum', 'Cold and moist']","output":"Hot and humid"} +{"instruction":"A 25 year old male repos episodic \"spells\" characterized by palpitations, sweating, nervousness, and feelings of anxiety. On examination, the man's blood pressure is 165\/95 mm Hg. Plasma norepinephrine is 450 pg\/mL (normal, 150-400 pg\/mL), plasma epinephrine is 115 pg\/mL (normal, 25-100 pg\/mL), and 24-hour urinary VMA is 11 mg (normal, < 8 mg). Which of the following is the most likely cause of the patient's hypeension?","input":"Choices: ['11-beta-hydroxylase deficiency', \"Conn's syndrome\", 'Pheochromocytoma', 'Renin-secreting tumor']","output":"Pheochromocytoma"} +{"instruction":"Prostaglandin inhibiting action of aspirin is useful in the treatment of all of the following conditions, except:","input":"Choices: ['Analgesia and antipyresis', 'Closure of ductus arteriosus', 'Uricosuria', 'Anti-inflammatory and anti platelet aggregation']","output":"Uricosuria"} +{"instruction":"On electron microscopy of renal biopsy, distinctive \"basket-weave\" appearance of glomerular basement membrane (GBM) seen in:","input":"Choices: ['IgA nephropathy', 'Alpo syndrome', 'Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS)', 'Thin Basement Membrane disease']","output":"Alpo syndrome"} +{"instruction":"All of the following are true abou Mucoepidermoid carcinoma except -","input":"Choices: ['Invades the facial nerve', 'Greater the mucin - producing cells, more malignant is the behavior', 'Behave like benign tumors in major salivary glands', 'Facial nerve preservation can be considered in low grade tumors']","output":"Greater the mucin - producing cells, more malignant is the behavior"} +{"instruction":"33-years-old alcoholicon ATT presents with increased serum iron & increased transferrin saturation. Diagnosis?","input":"Choices: ['Iron deficiency anemia', 'Sideroblastic anemia', 'Megaloblastic anemia', 'Anemia of chronic disease']","output":"Sideroblastic anemia"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is the treatment of choice in the management of carcinoma of the anal canal?","input":"Choices: ['Primary radiotherapy', 'Abdominoperineal resection', 'Combined radio-and chemotherapy', 'Neoadjuvant chemotherapy and local excision']","output":"Combined radio-and chemotherapy"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is level III lymph nodes?","input":"Choices: ['Central', 'Apical', 'Interpectoral', 'Anterior']","output":"Apical"} +{"instruction":"The parvocellular pathway, from the lateral geniculate nucleus to the visual cortex, carnes signals for the detection of","input":"Choices: ['Movement, depth and flicker.', 'Color vision, shape and fine details.', 'Temporal frequency.', 'Luminance contrast']","output":"Color vision, shape and fine details."} +{"instruction":"Major bacterial enzyme responsible for putrefaction -","input":"Choices: ['Hyaluronidase', 'Lecithinase', 'Metailloproteinase', 'Collagenase']","output":"Lecithinase"} +{"instruction":"A farmer presents with pustules, which show Gram Positive Cocci on smear. Culture shows Beta hemolysis, and organisms are Catalase negative. To show that the identified organism is group A streptococci, which of the following test should be done?","input":"Choices: ['Bacitracin sensitivity', 'Optochm sensitivity', 'Novobiocin sensitivity', 'Bile solubility']","output":"Bacitracin sensitivity"} +{"instruction":"Fetal response to Treponema pallidum occurs at which week of pregnancy?","input":"Choices: ['4th week', '8th week', '18th week', '28th week']","output":"18th week"} +{"instruction":"A 40 year old male presents with chronic diarrhea for one year. On investigation, the findings obtained were crypt abcess, crypt atrophy, cryptitis and mucositis. Most likely diagnosis is -","input":"Choices: [\"Crohn's disease\", 'Ulcerative colitis', 'Microscopic colitis', 'Collagenous colitis']","output":"Crohn's disease"} +{"instruction":"The most common structure fractured in ligature strangulation is","input":"Choices: ['Hyoid bone', 'Horns of Thyroid cailage', 'Ala of Thyroid cailage', 'Cricoid cailage']","output":"Horns of Thyroid cailage"} +{"instruction":"True about d–TC is all except – a) Excreted unchanged by kidneyb) Causes hypotension by ganglion blocking actionc) Vagolytic actiond) Effects lasts for 2–3 hours","input":"Choices: ['ab', 'cd', 'bd', 'ac']","output":"cd"} +{"instruction":"The most common adverse effect with ticlopidine is?","input":"Choices: ['Neutropenia', 'Diarrhea', 'Hemorrhage', 'Thrombocytopenic purpura']","output":"Diarrhea"} +{"instruction":"Which drug causes osteoporosis on long-term use","input":"Choices: ['Estrogen', 'Progesterone', 'GnRH analogues', 'Warfarin']","output":"GnRH analogues"} +{"instruction":"All of the following are associated with cardiac looping, EXCEPT:","input":"Choices: ['Lefty', 'PITX2', 'HAND1', 'None of the above']","output":"None of the above"} +{"instruction":"If a Panchayat is dissolved, elections are to be held within –","input":"Choices: ['1 month', '3 months', '6 months', '1 year']","output":"6 months"} +{"instruction":"Crocodile skin apppearance is seen in-","input":"Choices: ['High voltage burns', 'Electric shocks', 'Drowning', 'Mummifications']","output":"High voltage burns"} +{"instruction":"In Wegner's glomerulonephritis, the characteristic features seen in:","input":"Choices: ['Focal necrotizing glomerulonephritis', 'Granulomas in the vessels wall', 'Interstital granulomas', 'Nodular glomerulosclerosis']","output":"Granulomas in the vessels wall"} +{"instruction":"Inversion of the foot is produced by:","input":"Choices: ['Peroneus longus', 'Soleus', 'Popliteus', 'Tibialis anterior']","output":"Tibialis anterior"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following agents is of value in the postoperative care of the hemophilic patient?","input":"Choices: ['Vitamin K', \"Monsel's solution\", 'Aminocaproic acid', 'Factor 8 cryoprecipitate']","output":"Aminocaproic acid"} +{"instruction":"A 25-year-old male tests positive for a hepatitis C infection. Which of the following is the most likely method of transmission? (NOT RELATED)","input":"Choices: ['Fecal-oral', 'Fomite', 'Intravenous drug (needles)', 'Sexual transmission']","output":"Intravenous drug (needles)"} +{"instruction":"Reactive oxygen intermediates are released by:","input":"Choices: ['Catalase', 'NADPH oxidase', 'Glutathione peroxidase', 'Superoxide dismutase']","output":"NADPH oxidase"} +{"instruction":"which of the following mumurs will increase with valsalva ?","input":"Choices: ['MR', 'VSD', 'AS', 'HOCM']","output":"HOCM"} +{"instruction":"Hypothyroidism in sub-Himalayan is due to","input":"Choices: ['Iodine', 'Iron', 'Copper', 'Selenium']","output":"Iodine"} +{"instruction":"Most common cause of thyrotoxicosis in childhood ?","input":"Choices: ['Toxic nodular goitre', 'Toxic adenoma', 'Graves disease', 'Thryotoxicosis factitia']","output":"Graves disease"} +{"instruction":"Burst fracture of the cervical spine is due to","input":"Choices: ['Whiplash injury', 'Fall of weight on neck', 'Veical compression injury', 'Car accident']","output":"Veical compression injury"} +{"instruction":"Smallest pelvic diameter in anteroposterior plane of inlet: March 2009","input":"Choices: ['Obstetric conjugate', 'Diagonal conjugate', 'True conjugate', 'transverse conjugate']","output":"Obstetric conjugate"} +{"instruction":"Potts shunt is:","input":"Choices: ['Rt subclan aery to it pulmonary aery', 'Descending aoa to left pulmonary aery', 'Left subclan to left pulmonary aery', 'Ascending aoa to right pulmonary aery']","output":"Descending aoa to left pulmonary aery"} +{"instruction":"An obese female having hirsutism on laboratory investigation has a high level of LH and androgens. Likely cause is","input":"Choices: ['PCOS', 'Exogenous steroid ingestion', 'Turner syndrome', 'Kleinfelter syndrome']","output":"PCOS"} +{"instruction":"All are structures passing between base of skull and superior constrictor except (Repeat Q 2008 )","input":"Choices: ['Glossopharyngeal nerve', 'Pharyngobasilar fascia', 'Eustachian tube', 'Levator veli palate\\\\']","output":"Glossopharyngeal nerve"} +{"instruction":"Dimorphic fungi are all except -","input":"Choices: ['Coccidioidomycosis', 'Blastomycosis', 'Candida', 'None']","output":"None"} +{"instruction":"All of the following dietary goals are recommended for patients with high risk of coronary hea disease. Except-","input":"Choices: ['LDL cholesterol <100 mg\/dl', 'Saturated fat < 7% of total caloris', 'Salt restriction ><6 gm\/day', 'Avoid Alcohol']","output":"Avoid Alcohol"} +{"instruction":"Ebstein's anomaly is characterized by:","input":"Choices: ['Upward displacement of an abnormal tricuspid valve into right atrium', 'Downward displacement of an abnormal tricuspid valve into right ventricle', 'Ventricularized right atrium', 'Atrialized left ventricleCoarctation of Aoa']","output":"Downward displacement of an abnormal tricuspid valve into right ventricle"} +{"instruction":"The Hunterian Ligature operation is performed for ?","input":"Choices: ['Varicose veins', 'Aeriovenous fistulae', 'Aneurysm', 'Acute ischemia']","output":"Aneurysm"} +{"instruction":"In complicated cataract opacity develops in -","input":"Choices: ['Anterior capsule', 'Nucleus', 'Posterior subcapsular', 'Coical']","output":"Posterior subcapsular"} +{"instruction":"Associated with surveillance are all of the following except: September 2007","input":"Choices: ['Sentinel search', 'Randomisation', 'Information regarding trends of health status of population', 'Providing timely warnings of public health disasters']","output":"Randomisation"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is not mechanism for resistance to MRSA?","input":"Choices: ['Resistance is chromosomally mediated', 'Produced mainly by alteration in PBPs', 'MRSA resistance is absolutely beta-lactamase independent', 'Intrinsic resistance is known']","output":"MRSA resistance is absolutely beta-lactamase independent"} +{"instruction":"Drugs used for treatment of Parkinson's disease include:","input":"Choices: ['Levodopa', 'Mazindol', 'Bromocriptine', 'Benserazide']","output":"Levodopa"} +{"instruction":"Which one of the following gastrointesinal disorders predisposes to urolithiasis","input":"Choices: [\"Peutz - jegher's syndrome\", 'Sho bowel syndrome', 'Familial polyposis coli', 'Ulcerative colitis']","output":"Sho bowel syndrome"} +{"instruction":"A patient undergoes a lipid profile screening. On withdrawing the blood, it appears white in colour, Which of the following is the most probable elevated lipoprotein?","input":"Choices: ['Chylomicrons', 'HDL', 'LPL', 'Cholesterol']","output":"Chylomicrons"} +{"instruction":"Difference between it Ispensary and PHC is that a PHC –","input":"Choices: ['Gives integrated services', 'Is confined to particular area', 'Is managed by medical officer', 'Is located in rural areas']","output":"Gives integrated services"} +{"instruction":"The most chemoresistant tumor amongst the following:","input":"Choices: ['Synol sarcoma', 'Malignant fibrous histiocytoma', 'Osteosarcoma', 'Clear cell sarcoma']","output":"Malignant fibrous histiocytoma"} +{"instruction":"The number of ATPs produced by HMP shunt is","input":"Choices: ['Zero', 'One', 'Two', 'Four']","output":"Zero"} +{"instruction":"Which is not a 2nd generation anti–histaminic agent ?","input":"Choices: ['Cetirizine', 'Cyclizine', 'Loratadine', 'Fexofenadine']","output":"Cyclizine"} +{"instruction":"External auditory canal exostosis occurs due to?","input":"Choices: ['Repeated instrumentation', 'Recurrent otitis externa', 'Wide external auditor meatus', 'Recurrent proplonged cold water exposure']","output":"Recurrent proplonged cold water exposure"} +{"instruction":"Post-operative vomiting is less and patient is able to ambulate soon with one of the following:","input":"Choices: ['Ketamine', 'Enflurane', 'Propofol', 'Remifentanil']","output":"Propofol"} +{"instruction":"All are true about bupivacaine Except","input":"Choices: ['Less cardiotoxic than lignocaine', 'Dose increases with adrenaline', 'Long acting', 'Cannot given m vein']","output":"Less cardiotoxic than lignocaine"} +{"instruction":"The type of anchorage in which two groups of teeth move in equal and opposite direction is called as","input":"Choices: ['Stationary', 'Reciprocal', 'Simple', 'Compound']","output":"Reciprocal"} +{"instruction":"Viruses can be cultured in all except:","input":"Choices: ['Chick embryo', 'Blood agar', 'Guinea pigs', 'Cell culture']","output":"Blood agar"} +{"instruction":"All of the following aeries are the branches of coeliac trunk, EXCEPT?","input":"Choices: ['Left gastric aery', 'Right gastric aery', 'Splenic aery', 'Hepatic aery']","output":"Right gastric aery"} +{"instruction":"Non parametric test used to compare the medians of two independent samples:","input":"Choices: ['t-test', 'Chi square test', 'Mann Whitney U test', 'Z test.']","output":"Mann Whitney U test"} +{"instruction":"The elongation of fatty acids occurs in which of the diagrammatic structures shown in the Illustration?","input":"Choices: ['Structure A', 'Structure B', 'Structure C', 'Structure D']","output":"Structure C"} +{"instruction":"All of the following are major complications of massive blood transfusion except?","input":"Choices: ['Hypehermia', 'Hyperkalemia', 'Coagulopathy', 'Hypocalcemia']","output":"Hypehermia"} +{"instruction":"In evaluating the role of the autonomic nervous system related to urinary incontinence that developed in a 67-year-old man after prostatectomy, it is determined that the sympathetic nerves are injured. What is the natural hormone in the catecholamine pathway?","input":"Choices: ['Norepinephrine', 'Dopamine', 'Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)', 'Isoproterenol']","output":"Norepinephrine"} +{"instruction":"What is untrue about Ludwig angina?","input":"Choices: ['It spreads bilaterally', 'Most common cause is dental infection', 'It involves submandibular and sublingual spaces', 'Involvement of submandibular gland and Lymph nodes is common']","output":"Involvement of submandibular gland and Lymph nodes is common"} +{"instruction":"A child with head injury is admitted in ICU. Management of raised ICP includes all except:","input":"Choices: ['Mannitol, if there is no intracranial haemorrhage', 'Minimal use of sedation and analgesia', 'Controlled mechanical ventilation', 'Hypeonic saline may be used']","output":"Minimal use of sedation and analgesia"} +{"instruction":"In TCA cycle, citrate is conveed into, after losing a molecul of H20 -","input":"Choices: ['Isocitrate', 'Cis-aconitate', 'Oxaloacelate', 'Glutarate']","output":"Cis-aconitate"} +{"instruction":"Which true about MDC","input":"Choices: ['Reduce by 2\/3rd the under five moality by year 1990-2012', 'Half the prevalence of HIV-AIDS by 2015', 'Reduce maternal moality by 50% by 1990-2012', 'Reduce hunger and povey by half']","output":"Reduce by 2\/3rd the under five moality by year 1990-2012"} +{"instruction":"Transfer of drug resistance in Staphylococcus is by","input":"Choices: ['Transduction', 'Transformation', 'Conjugation', 'Transfection']","output":"Transduction"} +{"instruction":"When in labor, a diagnosis of occipitoposterior presentation is made. The most appropriate management would be:","input":"Choices: ['Emergency CS', 'Wait and watch for progress of labor', 'Early rupture of membranes', 'Sta oxytoicn drip']","output":"Wait and watch for progress of labor"} +{"instruction":"Reason for hepatic involvement in oral contraceptives is ?","input":"Choices: ['Estrogen', 'Progesterone', 'Estrogen +Progesterone', 'Mixed trace elements']","output":"Estrogen"} +{"instruction":"Direct distant ophthalmoscopy is done from a distance of:","input":"Choices: ['10 cm', '25 cm', '50 cm', '1 meter']","output":"25 cm"} +{"instruction":"Radium emits which of the following radiations:","input":"Choices: ['Alpha rays', 'Beta rays', 'Gamma rays', 'All']","output":"All"} +{"instruction":"Treatment of high-lying ulcer near gastro-oesophageal junction is","input":"Choices: [\"Pauchet's procedure\", 'Kelling- Madlenger operation', 'Csendes procedure', 'Total gastrectomy']","output":"Pauchet's procedure"} +{"instruction":"patient has decreased weight, need for thinness, the diagnosis is","input":"Choices: ['refeeding syndrome', 'anorexia nervosa', 'metabolic syndrome', 'bulimia nervosa']","output":"anorexia nervosa"} +{"instruction":"Organophosphate insecticides are all except","input":"Choices: ['Dieldrin', 'Fenthion', 'Diazinon', 'All']","output":"Dieldrin"} +{"instruction":"Apex national institute of ophthalmology is","input":"Choices: ['Advance eye care PGI Chandigarh', 'RIO', 'Dr. R P Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences , Delhi', 'Shankara Netralaya , Chennai']","output":"Dr. R P Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences , Delhi"} +{"instruction":"True statement regarding Prostate gland:","input":"Choices: ['Only glandular tissue', 'Glandular tissue covered with transitional epithelium', 'Glandular tissue and fibromuscular stroma', 'Entire gland is composed of collagen']","output":"Glandular tissue and fibromuscular stroma"} +{"instruction":"The drug of choice for status epilepticus is ?","input":"Choices: ['Propofol', 'Lorazepam', 'Thiopentone', 'Haloperidol']","output":"Lorazepam"} +{"instruction":"A patient presented with inability to flex distal interphalangeal joint of fouh and fifth finger, and is unable to hold a card between his fingers. Fracture at which of the following site might have damaged the nerve, leading to this set of clinical features","input":"Choices: ['A', 'B', 'C', 'D']","output":"D"} +{"instruction":"All of the following are complications in a pregnant woman with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) disease except ______","input":"Choices: ['Preterm labour', 'Thrombophilia', 'Post term delivery', 'Eclampsia']","output":"Post term delivery"} +{"instruction":"Tracheotomy is performed uneventfully in a 79-year-old ventilator-dependent encephalopathic male. After several spontaneous breaths, however, the patient stops breathing. The anesthesiologist continues to assist the patient's breathing for several minutes, after which the patient again breathes spontaneously. The most likely cause of apnea is:","input":"Choices: ['A mucus plug blocked the tracheotomy tube.', 'Bleeding in the trachea.', 'Preoperative respiration was driven by hypoxia.', 'The patient was allergic to Latex.']","output":"Preoperative respiration was driven by hypoxia."} +{"instruction":"A 25 year old male collage student present to emergency after road traffic accident.patient is in state of shock and breath sounds are decreased on side of chest trauma (left side).normal heart sound ,no elevated JVP and dull note on percussion. diagnosis?","input":"Choices: ['Tension pneumothorax', 'Cardiac tamponade', 'Massive Hemothorax', 'None']","output":"Massive Hemothorax"} +{"instruction":"Rosen's incision is used for","input":"Choices: ['Septoplasty', 'SMR', 'Stapedectomy', 'Tonsillectomy']","output":"Stapedectomy"} +{"instruction":"A typical example of an immunologically mediated collagen vascular\/connective tissue disorder is","input":"Choices: ['Lichen planus', 'Pemphigus vulgaris', 'Lupus erythematous', 'Epidermolysis bullosa']","output":"Lupus erythematous"} +{"instruction":"All of the following statements about Emphysema are true. Except:","input":"Choices: ['Breathlessness is the charachteristic presenting symptom', 'Diffusion rate of carbon monoxide is reduced', 'Restrictive pattern on pulmonary function test is seen', 'Long term bronchadilater therapy does not improve lung function']","output":"Restrictive pattern on pulmonary function test is seen"} +{"instruction":"Important buffer in the extracellular fluid is:","input":"Choices: ['Phosphate', 'Acetate', 'Bicarbonate', 'Plasma protein']","output":"Bicarbonate"} +{"instruction":"What is Felanga?","input":"Choices: ['Torture method of slapping over ears', 'Suspension by ankles', 'Tying plastic bag and cause suffocation', 'Beating over the soles']","output":"Beating over the soles"} +{"instruction":"What diagnosis is implied by the results of this gallium scan?","input":"Choices: ['Mumps', \"Paget's disease\", 'Sarcoidosis', 'Septic emboli']","output":"Sarcoidosis"} +{"instruction":"Retraction of tympanic membrane touching the promontory. It is called -","input":"Choices: ['Mild retraction', 'Severe retraction', 'Atelectasis', 'Adhesive otitis']","output":"Atelectasis"} +{"instruction":"Most common type of RCC associated with dialysis:","input":"Choices: ['Clear cell CA', 'Papillary CA', 'Medullary CA', 'Chromophobe']","output":"Papillary CA"} +{"instruction":"Kehr's sign is related to","input":"Choices: ['Liver', 'Stomach', 'Spleen', 'Gall Bladder']","output":"Spleen"} +{"instruction":"Binding of oxygen to haemoglobin reduces its affinity for carbon dioxide, which is known as","input":"Choices: ['Haldane effect', 'Chloride shift', 'Bohr effect', 'Anion exchanger 1']","output":"Haldane effect"} +{"instruction":"After-hyperpolarization during nerve conduction is due to:","input":"Choices: ['Slow entry of Na+', 'Pumping of Na+ outside', 'Slow entry of K+', 'Pumping of K+ outside']","output":"Slow entry of K+"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is a non-reducing sugar -","input":"Choices: ['Glucose', 'Lactose', 'Maltose', 'Sucrose']","output":"Sucrose"} +{"instruction":"Rule of Haase is used to calculate -","input":"Choices: ['Age of fetus', 'Length of femur', 'Diameter of skull', 'Percentage of bums']","output":"Age of fetus"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is an increased risk of breast cancer?","input":"Choices: ['Sclerosing adenosis', 'Atypical hyperplasia', 'Fibroadenoma', 'Florid hyperplasia']","output":"Atypical hyperplasia"} +{"instruction":"An infant with severe respiratory distress is found to have double aoic arch during investigation. Double aoic arch is due to persistence and continued patency of the segment of:","input":"Choices: ['Right dorsal aoa between the right seventh intersegmental aery and its junction with the left dorsal aoa', 'Right dorsal aoa between the right sixth intersegmental aery and its junction with the left dorsal aoa', 'Left dorsal aoa between the right seventh intersegmental aery and its junction with the left dorsal aoa', 'Left dorsal aoa between the right sixth intersegmental aery and its junction with the left dorsal aoa']","output":"Right dorsal aoa between the right seventh intersegmental aery and its junction with the left dorsal aoa"} +{"instruction":"In left subclavian artery, the branches of the first part of the subclavian artery are all EXCEPT:","input":"Choices: ['Vertebral artery', 'Thyrocervical trunk', 'Internal thoracic artery', 'Costocervical trunk']","output":"Costocervical trunk"} +{"instruction":"Bradykinin is for all ; except","input":"Choices: ['Pain', 'Vasodilatation', 'Vasoconstriction', 'Increase vascular permeability']","output":"Vasoconstriction"} +{"instruction":"Spacing methods used by family welfare programmes are:a) IUCDb) OCPc) Vasectomyd) Condome) Tubectomy","input":"Choices: ['abd', 'bcd', 'abc', 'ab']","output":"abd"} +{"instruction":"Which one of the following is the ideal contraceptive for a patient with heart disease:","input":"Choices: ['IUCD', 'Depoprovera', 'Diaphragm', 'Oral contraceptive pills']","output":"Diaphragm"} +{"instruction":"Net Protein Utilization is maximum (100%) for: March 2013 (b, e)","input":"Choices: ['Ragi', 'Egg', 'Soyabean', 'Pulses']","output":"Egg"} +{"instruction":"The femoral ring is bounded by the following structures except?","input":"Choices: ['Femoral vein', 'Inguinal ligament', 'Femoral aery', 'Lacunar ligament']","output":"Femoral aery"} +{"instruction":"Red velvety appearance of stomach and crimson plus of lower esophagus seen in which poisoning","input":"Choices: ['Mercury', 'Zinc', 'Lead', 'Arsenic']","output":"Arsenic"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is true about Nodular Regenerative Hyperplasia?","input":"Choices: ['Nodule size 0.1 to 1 cm', 'Fibrosis septa present', 'Portal hypertension seen in 50% of patients', 'AST and ALT are markedly elevated']","output":"Portal hypertension seen in 50% of patients"} +{"instruction":"Carha's notch in an audiogram represent which of the following deepest frequency?","input":"Choices: ['0.5 KHz', '2 KHz', '4 KHz', '8 KHz']","output":"2 KHz"} +{"instruction":"In which of the following condition snow banking is seen:","input":"Choices: ['Leprotic uveitis', 'Candidiasis', 'Pars planitis', 'Fuchs iridocyclitis']","output":"Pars planitis"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is not example of Pseudopubey?","input":"Choices: ['Tumor of hypothalamus', 'Ovarian tumor', 'Tumor of adrenal gland', 'All of above']","output":"All of above"} +{"instruction":"Eutectic lignocaine-prilocaine has the following unique propey","input":"Choices: ['It causes motor blockade without sensory block', 'By surface application, it can anaesthetise unbroken skin', 'It is not absorbed after surface application', 'It has strong vasoconstrictor action']","output":"By surface application, it can anaesthetise unbroken skin"} +{"instruction":"Which is first and commonest clinical manifestation of Epidemic dropsy -","input":"Choices: ['Bilateral swelling of legs', 'Gastroointestinal upsets', 'Cardiac decomposition', 'Sarcoid']","output":"Bilateral swelling of legs"} +{"instruction":"Kohler's disease involves:","input":"Choices: ['Femoral head', 'Navicular bone', 'Tibial tubercle', 'Lunate bone']","output":"Navicular bone"} +{"instruction":"Voluntary stage of deglutition is:","input":"Choices: ['Stage 1', 'Stage 2', 'Stage 3', 'All of the above.']","output":"Stage 1"} +{"instruction":"Source of calcium for smooth muscle contraction","input":"Choices: ['Influx into intracellular store through IP3 receptor Ca2+ channel', 'Efflux through voltage - gated Ca2+ channel', 'Efflux through ligand - gated Ca2+ channel', 'Combination of influx of Ca2+ through voltage - gated, ligand gated Ca2+channel']","output":"Combination of influx of Ca2+ through voltage - gated, ligand gated Ca2+channel"} +{"instruction":"Atopy in hypersensitivity is ?","input":"Choices: ['Systemic type I hypersensitivity', 'Local type I hypersensitivity', 'Systemic type II hypersensitivity', 'Local type II hypersensitivity']","output":"Local type I hypersensitivity"} +{"instruction":"Renal blood flow contributes what % of the cardiac output?","input":"Choices: ['15%', '25%', '45%', '50%']","output":"25%"} +{"instruction":"All are true about Hodgkins lymphoma except ?","input":"Choices: ['Less aggressive than NHL', 'Single node involvement common', 'Spread in continuity', 'Systemic involement more common than NHL']","output":"Systemic involement more common than NHL"} +{"instruction":"who disregarded the topographical theory of mind","input":"Choices: ['adler', 'erik erikson', 'seligman', 'freud']","output":"freud"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is seen in Marasmus and not in Kwashiorkor –","input":"Choices: ['Voracious appetite', 'Fatty change in liver', 'Hypoalbuminemia', 'Edema']","output":"Voracious appetite"} +{"instruction":"Lipid in the tissue is detected by","input":"Choices: ['PAS', 'Myeloperoxidase', 'Oil Red O', 'Mucicarmine']","output":"Oil Red O"} +{"instruction":"In human body, methionine is synthesized from ?","input":"Choices: ['Cysteine', 'Proline', 'Threonine', 'None']","output":"None"} +{"instruction":"What is the transpo maximum for glucose?","input":"Choices: ['175 mg\/min', '275 mg\/min', '375 mg\/min', '475 mg\/min']","output":"375 mg\/min"} +{"instruction":"Primary dentition shows teeth eruption by","input":"Choices: ['6 wks', '12 wks', '6 months', '12 months']","output":"6 months"} +{"instruction":"During the formation of primary teeth","input":"Choices: ['Enamel forms more cervically than dentin', 'Enamel forms faster than dentin', 'Dentin forms faster than enamel', 'Processes of their cells remain in content with each other']","output":"Dentin forms faster than enamel"} +{"instruction":"A line of conjunctival inflammation on lower eye lid margin is diagnostic of :","input":"Choices: ['Measles', 'Rubella', 'Kawasaki disease', 'Infectious monouncleosis']","output":"Measles"} +{"instruction":"Upper lateral cutaneous nerve of arm is a branch of:","input":"Choices: ['Musculocutaneous nerve', 'Radial nerve', 'Ulnar nerve', 'Axillary nerve']","output":"Axillary nerve"} +{"instruction":"Foaming liver is seen in","input":"Choices: ['Actinomycosis', 'Gas gangrene', 'Organophosphorus poisoning', 'Sepsis']","output":"Gas gangrene"} +{"instruction":"Schizophrenia mostly occurs in:","input":"Choices: ['Adolescents', 'children', 'Middle age', 'Old age']","output":"Adolescents"} +{"instruction":"In bronchiectasis all of the following are seen except:","input":"Choices: ['Clubbing', 'Wheezing', 'Heamoptysis', 'Recurring bouts of cough']","output":"Wheezing"} +{"instruction":"Nerve injured in fractureof medial epicondyle ofhumerus ?","input":"Choices: ['Anterior interosseous', 'Median', 'Ulnar', 'Radial']","output":"Ulnar"} +{"instruction":"Reversal lines are a coating found in bone is produced by","input":"Choices: ['Osteoblasts', 'Fibroblasts', 'Osteoclasts', 'Cementoblasts']","output":"Osteoblasts"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is not a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor?","input":"Choices: ['Zalcitabine', 'Lamivudine', 'Nevrapine', 'Didanosine']","output":"Nevrapine"} +{"instruction":"Most common childhood malignancy is","input":"Choices: ['ALL', 'AML', 'CLL', 'CML']","output":"AML"} +{"instruction":"Energy storage form in liver -","input":"Choices: ['Triglyceride', 'Cholesterol', 'FFA', 'Glycogen']","output":"Glycogen"} +{"instruction":"Surgical approaches for open thymectomy include all except","input":"Choices: ['Transcervical thymectomy', 'Median sternotomy', 'Thoraco abdominal incision', 'Partial median sternotomy']","output":"Thoraco abdominal incision"} +{"instruction":"Mitochondrial DNA linked disease is","input":"Choices: ['More common in males', 'Transmitted by females', 'Variable penetrance in families', 'Autosomal inheritance']","output":"Transmitted by females"} +{"instruction":"Vitamin K is involved in post-translation modification of","input":"Choices: ['Glutamate', 'Aspaate', 'Lysine', 'Proline']","output":"Glutamate"} +{"instruction":"insulin decreases the activity of:","input":"Choices: ['c-AMP dependent protein kinase', 'HMG CoA-reductase', 'Phosphodiesterase', 'Acetyl CoA-carboxylase']","output":"c-AMP dependent protein kinase"} +{"instruction":"Geographic lytic lesions in the vault of the skull with bevelled edges are seen with:","input":"Choices: ['Eosinophilic granuloma', 'Multiple myeloma', 'Hyperparathyroidism', 'Reticular cell carcinoma']","output":"Eosinophilic granuloma"} +{"instruction":"HDN is seen due to deficiency of vitamin:","input":"Choices: ['A', 'C', 'K', 'E']","output":"K"} +{"instruction":"The most common site of bleeding in Hemoptysis is","input":"Choices: ['Tracheobronchial tree', 'Pulmonary Parenchyma', 'Pleural Disease', 'All of the above']","output":"Tracheobronchial tree"} +{"instruction":"Ectopic rest of normal tissue is known as?","input":"Choices: ['Hamartoma', 'Choristoma', 'Lymphoma', 'Teratoma']","output":"Choristoma"} +{"instruction":"Newborn eye is ?","input":"Choices: ['Myopic', 'Hypermetropic', 'Presbyopic', 'None of the above']","output":"Hypermetropic"} +{"instruction":"The maximum ozone concentration in the polluted atmosphere is dependent on the concentration and ratio of nitrogen oxides and","input":"Choices: ['Carbon monoxide', 'Lead', 'volatile organic compounds', 'Sulphur dioxide']","output":"volatile organic compounds"} +{"instruction":"Miliary mottling found in – a) Rheumatoid arthritisb) TBc) Pneumocystis carinii pneumoniad) Congestive heart failuree) Pulmonary edema","input":"Choices: ['abc', 'bcd', 'cde', 'abe']","output":"abe"} +{"instruction":"Most common cause of cold abscess of chest wall is?","input":"Choices: [\"Pott's spine\", 'TB abscesses of chest wall', 'TB of ribs', 'Intercostal lymphadenitis']","output":"Pott's spine"} +{"instruction":"Genu of internal capsule carries","input":"Choices: ['Optic radiation', 'Coicospinal tract', 'Coicorubral tract', 'Coiconuclear tract']","output":"Coiconuclear tract"} +{"instruction":"First heart sound is loud in","input":"Choices: ['Mitral stenosis with calcified valves', 'Aortic stenosis with calcified valves', 'Mitral stenosis with friable valves', 'Aortic stenosis']","output":"Mitral stenosis with friable valves"} +{"instruction":"Posterior epistaxis occurs from","input":"Choices: ['Woodruffs plexus', \"Kiesselbach's plexus\", 'Atherosclerosis', 'Littles area']","output":"Woodruffs plexus"} +{"instruction":"The condition where babinski sign is positive but deep tendon jerks are absent is-","input":"Choices: ['Cerebral hemorrhage', 'Cerebral palsy', 'Cerebral tumour', \"Frederich's ataxia\"]","output":"Frederich's ataxia"} +{"instruction":"All of the following are true regarding R5 strain of HIV except","input":"Choices: ['Utilizes CCR5 Co-receptor', 'Predominates in late stages of HIV', 'Transmits HIV efficiently', 'Infects microglial cells']","output":"Predominates in late stages of HIV"} +{"instruction":"Not a sign of Fuch's heterochomic iridocyclitis","input":"Choices: ['Posterior Synechiae', 'Young adults', 'Develop posterior subcapsular cataract', 'Amsler Sign']","output":"Posterior Synechiae"} +{"instruction":"Conceptus enters uterine cavity in which cell stage ?","input":"Choices: ['4 cells', '8 cells', '16 cells', '32 cells']","output":"16 cells"} +{"instruction":"What is the abnormality shown in the ECG?","input":"Choices: ['Premature ventricular contractions', 'Sine wave pattern', 'ST segment depression', 'Electrical alternans']","output":"Premature ventricular contractions"} +{"instruction":"Which is an indicator of severe Ulcerative colitis?","input":"Choices: ['Blood in lumen on sigmoidoscopy', 'Stool volume >1 It', 'Serum albumin <40', 'Abdominal discomfort']","output":"Blood in lumen on sigmoidoscopy"} +{"instruction":"Wernicke&;s encephalopathy involves","input":"Choices: ['Mammillary body', 'Thalamus', 'Frontal lobe', 'Arcuate fasciculus']","output":"Mammillary body"} +{"instruction":"Quinsy is also known as:","input":"Choices: ['Peritosillar abscess', 'Retropharyngeal abscess', 'Parapharyngeal abscess', 'Paraepiglottic abscess']","output":"Peritosillar abscess"} +{"instruction":"The drug which is not suitable for patients with acute porphyria for intravenous induction is:","input":"Choices: ['Thiopentone sodium', 'Propofol', 'Midazolam', 'Etomidate']","output":"Thiopentone sodium"} +{"instruction":"Periportal fatty infiltration of the liver is seen with -","input":"Choices: ['Alcoholism', 'Viral hepatitis', 'Malnutrition', 'Tetracycline']","output":"Malnutrition"} +{"instruction":"All the following openings in the right atrium are guarded by valve EXCEPT","input":"Choices: ['Superior vena cava', 'Inferior vena cava', 'Coronary sinus', 'Atrioventricular opening']","output":"Superior vena cava"} +{"instruction":"C\n3\n convertase acts on -","input":"Choices: ['C4b2b', 'C4b2B3 a', 'C4b', 'C3']","output":"C3"} +{"instruction":"Spring catarrh may be associated with:","input":"Choices: ['Anterior subcapsular cataract', 'Keratoconus', 'Interstitial keratitis', 'All of the above']","output":"Keratoconus"} +{"instruction":"Co factor of glutathione peroxidase -","input":"Choices: ['Selenium', 'Magnesium', 'Manganese', 'Zinc']","output":"Selenium"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following tumor is least sensitive to radiation?","input":"Choices: ['Bronchogenic carcinoma', 'Adenocarcinoma of colon', 'Malignant melanoma', 'Osteogenic sarcoma']","output":"Malignant melanoma"} +{"instruction":"Entacapone acts by inhibiting which of the following enzyme?","input":"Choices: ['COMT', 'MAO-A', 'MAO-B', 'Decarboxylase']","output":"COMT"} +{"instruction":"While performing a voiding cystourethrogram on a 45-year-old male, the urologist was too forceful when he inserted the catheter and accidentally damaged the wall of the membranous portion of the urethra in the deep perineal compartment (urogenital diaphragm). Which of the following structures would most likely be traumatized at this location?","input":"Choices: ['Bulbospongiosus muscle', 'Sphincter urethra (compressor urethra)', 'Corpus cavernosus penis (crus)', 'Ischiocavernosus muscle']","output":"Sphincter urethra (compressor urethra)"} +{"instruction":"Release of histamine and leukotrienes from mast cells is prevented by:","input":"Choices: ['Zileuton', 'Nedocromil sodium', 'Zafirlukast', 'Fexofenadine']","output":"Nedocromil sodium"} +{"instruction":"A 10-year-old boy has severed his radial nerve. Which of the following cells plays a major role in axonal regrowth?","input":"Choices: ['Fibrous astrocytes', 'Fibroblasts', 'Oligodendrocytes', 'Schwann cells']","output":"Schwann cells"} +{"instruction":"As the sample size increases standard deviation","input":"Choices: ['Decreases', 'Increases', 'Remains the same', 'may increase or decrease']","output":"Decreases"} +{"instruction":"Fatty acid synthase complex result in formation of","input":"Choices: ['14 carbon chain', '16 carbon chain', '18 carbon chain', '20 carbon chain']","output":"16 carbon chain"} +{"instruction":"Immediate precursor of acetoacetate","input":"Choices: ['HMG CoA', 'Acetoacetyl CoA', 'Acetyl CoA', 'Malonyl CoA']","output":"HMG CoA"} +{"instruction":"Erythropoiesis in adults occur in -","input":"Choices: ['Flat bones', 'Spleen', 'Long bones', 'Kidneys']","output":"Flat bones"} +{"instruction":"In Von willebrand disease, there is -","input":"Choices: ['Factor VII deficiency', 'Factor VIII C deficiency', 'Factor X deficiency', 'Defects in vWF']","output":"Defects in vWF"} +{"instruction":"Guests at a party consumed beef broth that was boiled earlier in the day but left at room temperature for several hours. The individuals presented with symptoms of food poisoning, including watery diarrhea and abdominal cramps, 8 to 10 hours later. The symptoms lasted 24 hours. The agent that caused the symptoms is most likely which of the following?","input":"Choices: ['Spore-forming gram-positive bacilli', 'Gram-positive cocci', 'Gram-negative bacilli', 'An opportunistic fungus']","output":"Spore-forming gram-positive bacilli"} +{"instruction":"Elaunin fibres are found in","input":"Choices: ['Gingiva', 'Cementum', 'Alveolar bone', 'Periodontal ligament']","output":"Periodontal ligament"} +{"instruction":"Defective enzyme in Hurler's disease?","input":"Choices: ['Alpha-L-Iduronidase', 'Iduronate sulfatase', 'Beta-glucoronidase', 'Beta-galactosidase']","output":"Alpha-L-Iduronidase"} +{"instruction":"Renovascular hypeension is aggreted by:","input":"Choices: ['ACE inhibitors', 'Beta blockers', 'Calcium channel blockers', 'Thiazide diuretics']","output":"ACE inhibitors"} +{"instruction":"Presence of aneurysm in the posterior communicating aery cause compression of which of the following cranial nerve?","input":"Choices: ['Trochlear', 'Abducens', 'Oculomotor', 'Ophthalmic']","output":"Oculomotor"} +{"instruction":"Haemorrhage at macular spot in high myopia is called:","input":"Choices: [\"Lacquer's lines\", 'Foster-Fuchs fleck', 'Dalen-Fuchs nodules', \"Berlin's oedema\"]","output":"Foster-Fuchs fleck"} +{"instruction":"All of the following statements about Nesidioblastosis are true, Except -","input":"Choices: ['Hypoglycemic episodes may be seen', 'Occurs in adults more than children', 'Histopathology shows hyperplasia of islet cells', 'Diazoxide may be used for treatment']","output":"Occurs in adults more than children"} +{"instruction":"Mucous membrane of cervix is lined by","input":"Choices: ['Simple squamous epithelium', 'Simple columnar epithelium', 'Stratified squamous epithelium', 'Ciliated columnar epithelium']","output":"Simple columnar epithelium"} +{"instruction":"Takayasu disease most commonly affects?","input":"Choices: ['Coeliac axis', 'Coronaries', 'Radial aery', 'Renal aery']","output":"Renal aery"} +{"instruction":"Not included in Charcot's triad?","input":"Choices: ['Fever', 'Pain', 'Jaundice', 'Gallbladder lump']","output":"Gallbladder lump"} +{"instruction":"Most common complication of intra capsular fracture neck of female","input":"Choices: ['Non - union', 'Malunion', 'Myositis ossificans', \"Valkmann's Ischemic contracture\"]","output":"Malunion"} +{"instruction":"LEAST diagnostic test for breast tumours: March 2013","input":"Choices: ['Chest X-ray', 'Biopsy', 'USG', 'Mammography']","output":"Chest X-ray"} +{"instruction":"A mutation in the codon which causes a change in the coded amino acid, is known as:-","input":"Choices: ['Mitogenesis', 'Somatic mutation', 'Missense mutation', 'Recombination']","output":"Missense mutation"} +{"instruction":"Antivitamin of biotin-","input":"Choices: ['Vitamin B6', 'Vitamin K', 'Avidin', 'None']","output":"Avidin"} +{"instruction":"A dense renogram is obtained by:","input":"Choices: ['Dehydrating the patient', 'Increasing the dose of contrast media', 'Rapid (Bolus) injection of dye', 'Using non ionic media']","output":"Rapid (Bolus) injection of dye"} +{"instruction":"What is the treatment of choice in severe flail chest ?","input":"Choices: ['IPPV', 'Strapping', 'Wiring', 'Nasal Oxygen']","output":"IPPV"} +{"instruction":"True labour pains include all except :","input":"Choices: ['Painful uterine contraction', 'Sho vagina', 'Progressive descent of presenting pa', 'Cervical dilatation']","output":"Sho vagina"} +{"instruction":"Muscle affected in congenital torticollis is:","input":"Choices: ['Trapezius', 'Rhomboideus Major', 'Rhomboideus Minor', 'Sternocleidomastoid']","output":"Sternocleidomastoid"} +{"instruction":"Leprosy do not involve:","input":"Choices: ['CNS', 'Testis', 'Skin', 'Cornea']","output":"CNS"} +{"instruction":"False regarding larvae of anopheles ?","input":"Choices: ['Long siphon tube', 'Parallel to water', 'Palmate hairs', 'None of the above']","output":"Long siphon tube"} +{"instruction":"A patient was treated with haloperidol, later he develops symptoms of Parkinsonism. What is the best treatment:","input":"Choices: ['Cholinesterase inhibitors', 'Beta receptor antagonist', 'M1 muscarinic antagonist', 'Alpha 1 adrenergic antagonist']","output":"M1 muscarinic antagonist"} +{"instruction":"Calcitriol in children is formed in:","input":"Choices: ['Glomerulus', 'Bowmann capsule', 'PCT', 'DCT']","output":"PCT"} +{"instruction":"Painless effusion in congenital syphilis is called","input":"Choices: ['Clutton joints', 'Baon joints', 'Chanrcot joinst', 'None of the above']","output":"Clutton joints"} +{"instruction":"The mechanism of action of Sofosbuvir?","input":"Choices: ['Inhibits RNA dependent RNA polymerase of HCV', 'Inhibits DNA dependent RNA polymerase of HCV', 'Inhibits RNA dependent RNA polymerase of HBV', 'Inhibits DNA dependent RNA polymerase of HBV']","output":"Inhibits RNA dependent RNA polymerase of HCV"} +{"instruction":"Corneal tattooing may be done with:","input":"Choices: ['Gold chloride', 'Calcium chloride', 'Copper sulfate', 'Potassium permanganate']","output":"Gold chloride"} +{"instruction":"How much iron a patient can tolerate at a time given intravenously","input":"Choices: ['1000 mg', '2000 mg', '2500 mg', '3000 mg']","output":"2500 mg"} +{"instruction":"Thanatophobia is fear of -","input":"Choices: ['Closed spaces', 'Flights', 'High places', 'Death']","output":"Death"} +{"instruction":"Common source of staph in hospital -a) IV fluidsb) Infective woundsc) Hands of hospital personneld) Bed linene) Instruments","input":"Choices: ['a', 'c', 'bc', 'ad']","output":"bc"} +{"instruction":"All except one is true regarding carotid sheath","input":"Choices: ['Carotid sheath contains internal carotid artery, internal jugular vein, and vagus nerve', 'It is formed by investing layer of deep cervical fascia, pretracheal and prevertebral fascia', 'Sympathetic chain runs vertically through the carotid sheath', '9,11, and 12th cranial nerves pierce the upper part of carotid sheath']","output":"Sympathetic chain runs vertically through the carotid sheath"} +{"instruction":"In addison's disease, most diagnostic test is:","input":"Choices: ['Serum Na+, K+, rennin', 'Serum Na+, K+, saline suppression', 'Serum creatinine\/urea ratio', 'ACTH stimulation test']","output":"ACTH stimulation test"} +{"instruction":"Lipoprotein X is most likely to be seen with in -","input":"Choices: ['Cholestasis', 'Gilbe syndrome', 'Increased intake of trans fatty acids', 'Increased intake of PUPA']","output":"Cholestasis"} +{"instruction":"A HIV mother delivers a baby All are true, EXCEPT:","input":"Choices: ['Risk of HIV in the baby is upto 90%', 'HIV infection cannot be diagnosed in the baby with available methods.', 'AIDS can be transmitted from mother to child during delivery.', 'Breast feeding can transmit AIDS']","output":"Risk of HIV in the baby is upto 90%"} +{"instruction":"The appearance of cobweb formation in CSF indicates _________","input":"Choices: ['Pyogenic meningitis', 'Viral meningitis', 'Tuberculous meningitis', 'Fungal meningitis']","output":"Tuberculous meningitis"} +{"instruction":"Least common site of volvulus in neonate is","input":"Choices: ['Ileoileal', 'Small bowel volvulus', 'Gastric volvulus', 'Large bowel volvulus']","output":"Large bowel volvulus"} +{"instruction":"True about brown sequard syndrome","input":"Choices: ['Ipsilateral loss of joint sensation', 'Contralateral loss of joint sensation', 'Ipsilateral loss of pain & temperature', 'Segmental sign are bilateral']","output":"Ipsilateral loss of joint sensation"} +{"instruction":"Physiological response to smoking, are all, except:","input":"Choices: ['Decreased HDL', 'Increased hematocrit', 'Increased hea rate and increased catecholamine release', 'Decreased carboxyhemoglobin']","output":"Decreased carboxyhemoglobin"} +{"instruction":"Meckel Diverticulum is a remnant of:","input":"Choices: ['Vitelloumbilical duct', 'Vitellointestinal duct', 'Vitelloportal duct', 'Vitellodiaphragmatic duct']","output":"Vitellointestinal duct"} +{"instruction":"Nocturnal enuresis is abnormal after:","input":"Choices: ['2 yrs', '3 yrs', '4 yrs', '5 yrs']","output":"5 yrs"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following anaesthetic agent is contraindicated in Renal failure:","input":"Choices: ['d-TubocurarineScoline', 'Scoline', 'Halothane', 'Gallamine']","output":"Gallamine"} +{"instruction":"Achalasia cardia","input":"Choices: ['Absence of nerves', 'Absence of muscles', 'Hyperophy of nerves', 'Hyperophy of muscles']","output":"Absence of nerves"} +{"instruction":"Mantel radiation therapy for -","input":"Choices: [\"Hodkin's lymphoma\", \"Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma\", \"Burkitt's lymphoma\", 'Mycosis fimgoides']","output":"Hodkin's lymphoma"} +{"instruction":"In TTP, all of the following are seen except: March 2011","input":"Choices: ['Renal failure', 'Hemolyic anemia', 'Thrombocytosis', 'Neurological features']","output":"Thrombocytosis"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following chemotherapeutic agents is associated with secondary leukemia","input":"Choices: ['Vinblastine', 'Paclitaxel', 'Cisplatin', 'Bleomycin']","output":"Cisplatin"} +{"instruction":"Not a site of hematpoiesis in fetus -","input":"Choices: ['Kidney', 'Liver', 'Spleen', 'Yolk sac']","output":"Kidney"} +{"instruction":"One of the following features can be used to define contracted pelvis","input":"Choices: ['Transverse diameter of inlet is 10 cm', 'AP diameter of inlet is 12 cm', 'Platypelloid pelvis', 'Gynaecoid pelvis']","output":"Transverse diameter of inlet is 10 cm"} +{"instruction":"Organisms that has not been cultured successfully so far is-","input":"Choices: ['Leptospira', 'Treponema pallidum', 'Bordetella', 'Staphylococcus']","output":"Treponema pallidum"} +{"instruction":"Coicotrophs produce all except -","input":"Choices: ['ACTH', 'b-endorphin', 'CLIP', 'b-enkephalin']","output":"b-enkephalin"} +{"instruction":"Chadah committees recommended all except","input":"Choices: ['Concept of multipurpose worker', 'PHC at the block level', 'One basic health worker per 10,000 populations', 'The family planning Health assistants were to supervise 3 to 4 of this basic health worker']","output":"Concept of multipurpose worker"} +{"instruction":"SCID which is true -","input":"Choices: ['Adenosine deaminase deficiency', 'Decreased circulating lymphocytes', 'NADPH oxidase deficiency', 'Cl esterase dificiency']","output":"Adenosine deaminase deficiency"} +{"instruction":"Phossy jaw is caused by ?","input":"Choices: ['White phosphorus', 'Red Phosphorus', 'Arsenic', 'Antimony']","output":"White phosphorus"} +{"instruction":"High tracheotomy is done in","input":"Choices: ['Vocal cord palsy', 'Laryngeal carcinoma', 'Subglottic stenosis', 'Laryng omalacia']","output":"Laryngeal carcinoma"} +{"instruction":"Dose of centchroman is ?","input":"Choices: ['30 mg', '60 mg', '120 mg', '240 mg']","output":"30 mg"} +{"instruction":"Amphetamine causes which of the following -","input":"Choices: ['IUGR', 'Cardiac anamoly', 'Cleft lip', 'AH the above']","output":"AH the above"} +{"instruction":"Diverticulum through the Killian's dehiscence is called:","input":"Choices: ['Pharyngeal pouch', 'Palatine pouch', 'Oesophageal pouch', 'None']","output":"Pharyngeal pouch"} +{"instruction":"Standard method to differentiate between endotracheal and esophageal intubation is-","input":"Choices: ['End tidal CO2', 'Chest X-rays', 'Auscultation', 'Paial pressure of 02']","output":"End tidal CO2"} +{"instruction":"A 40 year old female patient complains of swelling on both the legs. Patient is pregnant (3rd trimester). Which of the following statements about the type of thrombosis that is most likely to be present in this patient is true?","input":"Choices: ['Pale platelet layer alternating with dark red cell layer present', 'Incomplete lumen occlusion present', 'Grows in antegrade manner', 'It causes ischemia and infarction of organs']","output":"Grows in antegrade manner"} +{"instruction":"Histopatholoty of a lung cancer shows 'clara cells' probable diagnosis is ?","input":"Choices: ['Squamous cell cancer', 'Bronchio alveolar cancer', 'Large cell cancer', 'Papillary carcinoma']","output":"Bronchio alveolar cancer"} +{"instruction":"As per the revised norms for Anganwadi centers, how many centers are needed for a population of 1950 people in a rural area?","input":"Choices: ['1', '2', '3', '4']","output":"3"} +{"instruction":"All are X-ray findings of RA except ?","input":"Choices: ['Reduced joint space', 'Soft tissue shaddow', 'Periaicular new bone formation', 'Subchondral cyst']","output":"Periaicular new bone formation"} +{"instruction":"Mission Indradhanush is for:","input":"Choices: ['Non - communicable diseases', 'Family planning', 'Safe water and sanitation', 'Universal immunization']","output":"Universal immunization"} +{"instruction":"All are true about popliteus except","input":"Choices: ['Flexes the knee', 'Unlocks the knee', 'Intracapsular', 'Inseed to medial meniscus']","output":"Inseed to medial meniscus"} +{"instruction":"The most common type of congenital atresia is","input":"Choices: ['Proximal blind end, distal end communicating with trachea', 'Distal blind end, proximal end communicating with trachea', 'Proximal and distal ends open and communicating with trachea', 'Both ends bleed']","output":"Proximal blind end, distal end communicating with trachea"} +{"instruction":"Emergency radiotherapy is given in-","input":"Choices: ['Superior vena cava syndrome', 'Pericardial temponade', 'Increased ICP', 'All']","output":"All"} +{"instruction":"Noscapine is an:","input":"Choices: ['Anti-tussive', 'Anti emetic', 'Anti dirrheal', 'Mucolytics']","output":"Anti-tussive"} +{"instruction":"Intermittent dysphagia is caused by -a) Strictureb) Reflux esophagitisc) Achalasia cardiad) Pharyngeal diverticulme) Diffuse esophageal spasm","input":"Choices: ['ab', 'bc', 'cd', 'de']","output":"de"} +{"instruction":"A patient with ruptured spleen is taken for laparotomy. His blood pressure is 80\/50 and heart rate is 125\/min. Induction agent of choice for this patient is:","input":"Choices: ['Sodium Thiopentone', 'Fentanyl', 'Ketamine', 'Halothane']","output":"Ketamine"} +{"instruction":"Kernohan notch phenomenon is seen with:","input":"Choices: ['Uncal herniation', 'Subfalcine herniation', 'Cerebellar herniation', 'None of the above']","output":"Uncal herniation"} +{"instruction":"All of the following structures forms the boundary of the Hesselbach's triangle, EXCEPT?","input":"Choices: ['Rectus muscle', 'Inguinal ligament', 'Inferior epigastric vessel', 'Deep circumflex iliac vessel']","output":"Deep circumflex iliac vessel"} +{"instruction":"Most common tumor of hand is ?","input":"Choices: ['Enchondroma', 'Chondroblastoma', 'Giant cell tumour', 'Osteoid osteoma']","output":"Enchondroma"} +{"instruction":"Most common site of development of carcinoma of prostate is","input":"Choices: ['Central zone', 'Transitional zone', 'Peripheral zone', 'B + C']","output":"Peripheral zone"} +{"instruction":"The action of styloglossus muscle is","input":"Choices: ['Protrusion of tongue', 'Posteriorly retracts the tongue', 'Depression of tongue', 'Elevation of tongue']","output":"Posteriorly retracts the tongue"} +{"instruction":"All of the following skin lesions are premalignant except","input":"Choices: ['Actinic keratosis', 'Oral leucoplakia', \"Bowen's disease\", 'Acanthosis nigricans']","output":"Acanthosis nigricans"} +{"instruction":"All of the following statements are true for insulinoma except:","input":"Choices: ['These are most common pancreatic endocrine neoplasms', 'Mostly are multiple', 'These are benign', 'Deposition of amyloid is characterstic']","output":"Mostly are multiple"} +{"instruction":"Not a muscle of Ist layer of foot","input":"Choices: ['Flexor digitorum brevis', 'Abductor Hallucis', 'Abductor digiti minimi', 'Flexor digitorum accessorius']","output":"Flexor digitorum accessorius"} +{"instruction":"TSH beta subunit is related to","input":"Choices: ['LH', 'FSH', 'ACTH', 'None of the above']","output":"None of the above"} +{"instruction":"True statement about Ductus Aeriosus is -","input":"Choices: ['It undergoes anatomic closure within 24 hrs of bih', 'Forms the ligamentum venosum in later life', 'It is induced to close by high levels of prostaglandin', 'May cause a machinary murmur by its patency.']","output":"May cause a machinary murmur by its patency."} +{"instruction":"The amount of water absorbed in the intestine in a day is :","input":"Choices: ['5 lit.', '1 lit', '1 lit', '8 lit.']","output":"8 lit."} +{"instruction":"Appetite suppressors are all EXCEPT :","input":"Choices: ['Melanocyte stimulating hormone', 'Melanocyte corticotropic releasing hormone', 'Neuropeptide Y', 'Leptin']","output":"Neuropeptide Y"} +{"instruction":"The action of botulinum toxin is through wof mechanisms","input":"Choices: ['Direct action on acetylcholine esterase', 'Prevention of choline uptake', 'Direct action on muscarinic receptors', 'Prevention of acetylcholine release']","output":"Prevention of acetylcholine release"} +{"instruction":"The first virological marker following acute hepatic infection if he has","input":"Choices: ['IgM Anti Hbc Ag', 'Hbs Ag', 'Anti Hbs Ag', 'Anti Hbe Ag']","output":"Hbs Ag"} +{"instruction":"Tonsillar carcinoma is associated with infection of:","input":"Choices: ['HIV', 'HPV', 'HSV', 'None of the above']","output":"HPV"} +{"instruction":"Traumatic dislocation of lens is best diagnosed by:","input":"Choices: ['Direct ophthalmoscopy', 'Indirect ophthalmoscopy', 'Distant direct ophthalmoscopy', 'Slit-lamp examination']","output":"Slit-lamp examination"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is true about roseola infantum","input":"Choices: ['Defervescene follows the rash', 'Caused by HHV 6 and 7', 'Slapped check appearance is seen', 'Otitis media is common complication']","output":"Caused by HHV 6 and 7"} +{"instruction":"The first center that gets activated for voluntary skilled movments is:","input":"Choices: ['Neocoex', 'Hypothalamus', 'Basal ganglia', 'Cerebellum']","output":"Neocoex"} +{"instruction":"Side effects of lignocaine are all except","input":"Choices: ['Sedation', 'Vomiting', 'Convulsion', 'Tinnitus']","output":"Sedation"} +{"instruction":"Face to pubis delivery is seen in which variety of pelvis ?","input":"Choices: ['Gynecoid', 'Anthropoid', 'Android', 'Platypelloid']","output":"Anthropoid"} +{"instruction":"Drug not causing hemolysis in G6PD deficiency?","input":"Choices: ['Primaquinc', 'Chloroquine', 'Nalidixic acid', 'Nitrofurantoin']","output":"Chloroquine"} +{"instruction":"Specific for CSF in rhinorrhea: AI 10","input":"Choices: ['b-2 microglobulin', 'Albumin', 'Macroglobulin', 'b-2 transferrin']","output":"b-2 transferrin"} +{"instruction":"Sabin Feldman exclusion test is used for diagnosis of:","input":"Choices: ['Syphilis', 'Leptospirosis', 'Toxoplasmosis', 'Multiple myeloma']","output":"Toxoplasmosis"} +{"instruction":"The parvocellular pathway from lateral geniculate body to visual coex carries signals for detection of","input":"Choices: ['Colour contrast', 'Luminance contrast', 'Temporal frequency', 'Saccadic eye movements']","output":"Colour contrast"} +{"instruction":"Shortest acting mydriatics:","input":"Choices: ['Atropine', 'Homatropine', 'Tropicamide', 'Cyclopentolate']","output":"Tropicamide"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is NOT affected in Rh isoimmunization?","input":"Choices: ['Anti C', 'Anti E', 'Anti-Lewis', 'Anti D']","output":"Anti-Lewis"} +{"instruction":"This manouver helps to","input":"Choices: ['Decrease risk of aspiration', 'Improve laryngoscopic view', 'Open the airway', 'Stabilize ET tube position']","output":"Improve laryngoscopic view"} +{"instruction":"After which of the following gestational age is a dead baby said to be a still born ?","input":"Choices: ['20 days', '28 days', '20 weeks', '28 weeks']","output":"28 weeks"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is not an appropriate investigation for anterior urethral stricture -","input":"Choices: ['High frequency ultrasound', 'Micturating cystourethrogram', 'Retrograde urethrogram', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging']","output":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging"} +{"instruction":"Ca prostate commonly metastasises to the veebrae ?","input":"Choices: [\"Because valveless communication exist with Batson's periprostatic plexus\", 'Via drainage to Sacral lymph node', 'Of direct Spread', 'None of above']","output":"Because valveless communication exist with Batson's periprostatic plexus"} +{"instruction":"A 32-year-old G3P2 woman at 35 weeks' gestation has a past medical history significant for hypertension. She was well-controlled on hydrochlorothiazide and lisinopril as an outpatient, but these drugs were discontinued when she found out that she was pregnant. Her blood pressure has been relatively well controlled in the 120-130 mm Hg systolic range without medication, and urinalysis has consistently been negative for proteinuria at each of her prenatal visits. She presents now to the obstetric clinic with a blood pressure of 142\/84 mm Hg. A 24-hour urine specimen yields 0.35 g of proteinuria.Which of the following is the most appropriate next step?","input":"Choices: ['Start iv furosemide', 'Induce labor after doing Bischop score', 'Put her on hydralazine', 'Initial inpatient evaluation followed by restricted activity and outpatient management.']","output":"Initial inpatient evaluation followed by restricted activity and outpatient management."} +{"instruction":"Early warning signs of Cancer that public should be aware of include all except","input":"Choices: ['Persistent cough', 'Lump or hard area in breast', 'Unexplained weight gain', 'Change in Wa\/mole']","output":"Unexplained weight gain"} +{"instruction":"Pressure - volume curves in the lung is given here. The pressure-volume curves of the total respiratory system (PTR), lungs (PL), and chest wall (Pw) are plotted together with standard lung volumes. Point A indicate which of the following?","input":"Choices: ['Closing volume of lung', 'Resting lung volume', 'Residual volume of lung', 'Expiratory reserve volume']","output":"Resting lung volume"} +{"instruction":"Major initiating response for peristalsis is -","input":"Choices: ['Hormonal', 'Local stretching of gut', 'Neural', 'None']","output":"Local stretching of gut"} +{"instruction":"In which of the following condition, 'cutis anserina' is seen?","input":"Choices: ['Drowning', 'Suffocation', 'Lust murder', 'Electrocution']","output":"Drowning"} +{"instruction":"The type of Diphtheria with highest moality is-","input":"Choices: ['Pharyngeal', 'Nasal', 'Laryngeal', 'Conjuntival']","output":"Laryngeal"} +{"instruction":"Lymph from the teeth drains into all of the following nodes EXCEPT","input":"Choices: ['Sub mandibular nodes', 'Deep cervical nodes', 'Retro pharyngeal nodes', 'Sub mental nodes']","output":"Retro pharyngeal nodes"} +{"instruction":"Regarding the given statements . A. All patient's with pancreatic trauma should undergo exploratory laparotomy B. After conservative management for pancreatic injury, duct stricture and pseudocyst may occur as complications","input":"Choices: ['A is True. B is False', 'A is False. B is True', 'Both the statements are True', 'Both the statements are False']","output":"A is False. B is True"} +{"instruction":"Early eruption of secondary syphilis are all except-","input":"Choices: ['Intensely pruritic', 'Papular \/maculo papular eruption', 'Symmeterical', 'Plemorphic']","output":"Intensely pruritic"} +{"instruction":"A 6-month-old child presented with complaint of multiple episodes of focal seizures along with developmental delay, learning difficulties and ADHD. On examination, Macrocephaly Hemianopsia Ceain facial lesion Glaucoma with buphthalmos Conjunctival and episcleral hemangiomas Which of the following genes is most likely mutated: -","input":"Choices: ['GNAQ', 'RAS', 'FGF', 'MYC']","output":"GNAQ"} +{"instruction":"All of the following are affected in low radial nerve palsy except","input":"Choices: ['Extensor carpi radialis longus', 'Extensor carpi radialis brevis', 'Finger extensors', 'Sensation on dorsum of hand']","output":"Extensor carpi radialis longus"} +{"instruction":"Interval between primary and secondary case is called as:-","input":"Choices: ['Serial interval', 'Generation time', 'Incubation period', 'Lead time']","output":"Serial interval"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is caused by defective tyrosine metabolism?","input":"Choices: ['Richner-Hanha syndrome', 'Neonatal tyrosinemia', 'Alkaptonuria', 'All of the above']","output":"All of the above"} +{"instruction":"Multiple drug resistance is transferred through :","input":"Choices: ['Transduction', 'Transformation', 'Conjugation', 'Mutation']","output":"Conjugation"} +{"instruction":"Increased lipolysis of fat stores, which can result from starvation, diabetesmellitus, or coicosteroid use, is most likely to cause steatosis (fattyliver) through which one of the listed mechanisms?","input":"Choices: ['Decreased free fatty acid excretion from the liver leads to free fatty acid accumulation in hepatocytes', 'Excess NADH (high NADH\/NAD ratio) causes excess production of lactate from pyruvate, which accumulates in hepatocytes', 'Increased free fatty acid delivery to the liver leads to triglyceride accumulation in hepatocytes', 'Inhibition of apoprotein synthesis by the liver leads to phospholipid accumulation in hepatocytes']","output":"Increased free fatty acid delivery to the liver leads to triglyceride accumulation in hepatocytes"} +{"instruction":"Non-Iodine containing contrast is","input":"Choices: ['Gd DTP A', 'Visipaque', 'Iohexol', 'Diatrizoate']","output":"Gd DTP A"} +{"instruction":"Diabetes is associated with all of the following in the elderly EXCEPT","input":"Choices: ['Cerebrovascular accident', 'Cognitive decline', 'Fall risk', 'Myocardial infarction']","output":"Fall risk"} +{"instruction":"Chest radiographs of children with foreign body aspiration","input":"Choices: ['Are always abnormal', 'May show over inflation of the involved lung', 'Always show the foreign body', 'Commonly show pneumothorax']","output":"May show over inflation of the involved lung"} +{"instruction":"Hodgkin lymphoma is treated by: March 2013 (b, d)","input":"Choices: ['20-30 Gy', '30-40 Gy', '40-50 Gy', '50-60 Gy']","output":"20-30 Gy"} +{"instruction":"True regarding myocardial O2 demand?","input":"Choices: ['Inversely related to heart rate', 'Has constant relation to external cardiac work', 'Directly proportional to duration of systole', 'Is negligible at rest']","output":"Directly proportional to duration of systole"} +{"instruction":"All of the following factors decrease the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of an inhalation anaesthetic agent except –","input":"Choices: ['Hypothermia', 'Hyponatremia', 'Hypocalcemia', 'Anemia']","output":"Hypocalcemia"} +{"instruction":"Hydatidiform mole is principally a disease of:","input":"Choices: ['Amnion', 'Chorion', 'Uterus', 'Decidua']","output":"Chorion"} +{"instruction":"A 15% solution of EDTA has a pH of:","input":"Choices: ['5.5', '7.3', '7.9', '7']","output":"7.3"} +{"instruction":"Methylphenidate is drug of choice for:","input":"Choices: ['Obsessive compulsive disorder', 'ADHD (attention deficit hyperkinetic disorder)', 'Enuresis', 'Autism']","output":"ADHD (attention deficit hyperkinetic disorder)"} +{"instruction":"Which of following is a predisposing factor for developing ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome, during invitro fertilization procedure","input":"Choices: ['Transfer more than 2 embryos', 'High serum estradiol', 'Older maternal age', 'Prior polycystic ovaries']","output":"High serum estradiol"} +{"instruction":"Most common type of multiple sclerosis?","input":"Choices: ['Relapsing remitting type', 'Secondry progressive multiple sclerosis', 'Progresive relapsing multiple scelrosis', 'Primary progresive multiple sclerosis']","output":"Relapsing remitting type"} +{"instruction":"Scalp laceration may resemble?","input":"Choices: ['Incised wound', 'Abrasion', 'Gunshot wound', 'Contusion']","output":"Incised wound"} +{"instruction":"All of the following statements about vincristine are true except","input":"Choices: ['It acts by inhibiting mitosis', 'It prominent adverse effects is peripheral neuropathy', 'It does not suppression bone marrow', 'It is a drug of choice for solid tumors']","output":"It is a drug of choice for solid tumors"} +{"instruction":"The best prognosis in carcinoma stomach is with ?","input":"Choices: ['Superficial spreading type', 'Ulcerative type', 'Linitis plastica type', 'Polypoidal type']","output":"Superficial spreading type"} +{"instruction":"Mesothelioma is seen in which type of pneumoconiosis:","input":"Choices: ['Anthracosis', 'Byssinosis', 'Asbestosis', 'Silicosis']","output":"Asbestosis"} +{"instruction":"The structures passing posterior to diaphragm are all except","input":"Choices: ['Aorta', 'Azygous vein', 'Thoracic duct', 'Greater splanchnic nerve']","output":"Greater splanchnic nerve"} +{"instruction":"The amount of blood lost in GIT to produce a single black stool is approximately(NOT REALTED-SURGERY)","input":"Choices: ['< 20 ml', '30-40 ml', '60-70 ml', '100-110 ml']","output":"60-70 ml"} +{"instruction":"All of the following therapies may be required in a 1-hour-old infant with severe bih asphyxia, EXCEPT:","input":"Choices: ['Glucose', 'Dexamethasone', 'Calcium gluconate', 'Normal saline']","output":"Dexamethasone"} +{"instruction":"Chorionic villous sampling done before 10 weeks may result in :","input":"Choices: ['Fetal loss', 'Fetomaternal hemorrhage', 'Oromandibular limb defects', 'Sufficient material not obtained']","output":"Oromandibular limb defects"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following chemokine is having CCR3 receptor?","input":"Choices: ['IL-8', 'Eotaxin-2', 'CCL3', 'Fractalkine']","output":"Eotaxin-2"} +{"instruction":"False about cystic fibrosis: (PGI June 2009)","input":"Choices: ['Associated with CFTR gene', 'Autosomal recessive inheritance', 'Associated with 7p chromosome', 'Recurrant respiratory tract infection']","output":"Associated with 7p chromosome"} +{"instruction":"Pink disease is seen due to","input":"Choices: ['Internal resorption', 'Mercury poisoning', 'Arsenic poisoning', 'Trauma']","output":"Mercury poisoning"} +{"instruction":"Vitamin which is excreted in urine is","input":"Choices: ['Vitamin A', 'Vitamin C', 'Vitamin D', 'Vitamin K']","output":"Vitamin C"} +{"instruction":"Common causes of congenital stridor in child -","input":"Choices: ['Laryngeal web', 'Laryngomalacia', 'Haemangioma', 'Subglottic stenosis']","output":"Laryngomalacia"} +{"instruction":"In late summer, a 2-year-old boy presents with a 2-day history of painful, ulcerative lesions of the mouth and a 1-day history of fever to a temp of 103degF. He refuses to eat. On examination he is irritable, temp of 102degF, and has numerous erythematous, ulcerative lesions on buccal mucosa, & tongue Diagnosis is?","input":"Choices: ['Herpangina', 'Aphthous stomatitis', 'Candidal gingivostomatitis', 'Herpetic gingivostomatitis']","output":"Herpetic gingivostomatitis"} +{"instruction":"Microvesicular steatohepatosis seen in","input":"Choices: ['Diabetes mellitus', 'Reye syndrome', 'LIpodystrophy', 'Phosphorces intoxication']","output":"Reye syndrome"} +{"instruction":"Management of Carcinoma prostate with no lymph node or mets in a 72- year-old man who is resistant to harmones is","input":"Choices: ['Subcapsular orchidectomy', 'Vaccine', 'Chemotherapy', 'Radiotherapy']","output":"Chemotherapy"} +{"instruction":"RDA cover of nutrient requirement of-","input":"Choices: ['50% of individuals', '75% of individuals', '98% of individuals', 'Same as adequate intake']","output":"98% of individuals"} +{"instruction":"APGAR score includes all except","input":"Choices: ['Tendon reflexes', 'Colour', 'Muscle tone', 'Respiratory effort']","output":"Tendon reflexes"} +{"instruction":"All are features of psychosis except ?","input":"Choices: ['Loss of insight', 'Presence of delusions', 'Preserved contact with reality', 'Personality disturbances']","output":"Preserved contact with reality"} +{"instruction":"Plasma cells are derived from -","input":"Choices: ['B lymphocytes', 'T lymphocytes', 'NK cells', 'Monocytes']","output":"B lymphocytes"} +{"instruction":"The lateral mesoderm is divided into two distinct layers by the formation of the","input":"Choices: ['Extraembryonic coelom', 'Intraembryonic coelom', 'Cardiogenic region', 'Notochord']","output":"Intraembryonic coelom"} +{"instruction":"Which cranial nerve is attached to dorsal surface of brainstem -","input":"Choices: ['Facial', 'Trigeminal', 'Trochlear', 'Abducent']","output":"Trochlear"} +{"instruction":"Osmoreceptor is located at which site","input":"Choices: ['Anterior hypothalamus', 'Renal medulla', 'Carotid body', 'Atrial chamber']","output":"Anterior hypothalamus"} +{"instruction":"All the following hormones can effect growth of achild except –a) GHb) ACTHc) Insulind) Somatostatin","input":"Choices: ['bd', 'd', 'ab', 'ac']","output":"bd"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following enzyme dysfunction leads to lactic acidosis in thiamine deficiency?","input":"Choices: ['Pyruvate carboxylase', 'Phosphofructokinase', 'Phosphoenol pyruvate carboxykinase', 'Pyruvate dehydrogenase']","output":"Pyruvate dehydrogenase"} +{"instruction":"Slow waves In EEG activity seen in :","input":"Choices: ['Depression', 'Delirium', 'Schizophrenia', 'Mania']","output":"Delirium"} +{"instruction":"Widmark's formula helps in the measurements of blood level of:","input":"Choices: ['Barbiturates', 'Cocaine', 'Alcohol', 'Benzodiazepines']","output":"Alcohol"} +{"instruction":"Increased tendency to fall asleep at night without causing CNS depression is a property exhibited by","input":"Choices: ['Pyridoxine', 'Diphenhydramine', 'Melatonin', 'Ethanol']","output":"Melatonin"} +{"instruction":"Common ocular manifestation in Trisomy 13 is :","input":"Choices: ['Capillary hemangioma.', 'Bilateral microphthalmos.', 'Neurofibroma.', 'Dermoid Cyst.']","output":"Bilateral microphthalmos."} +{"instruction":"Acetyl-CoA is transpoed out of the mitochondria in order to serve as a substrate for fatty acid or cholesterol synthesis. Which of the following enzymes used in this transpo process provides NADPH required for these reductive biosynthesis reactions?","input":"Choices: ['ATP-citrate lyase', 'Citrate synthase', 'Malate dehydrogenase', 'Malic enzyme']","output":"Malic enzyme"} +{"instruction":"Best way to prevent gas gangrene is","input":"Choices: ['Imnunoglobulins', 'Hyperbaric oxygen', 'Proper wound debridement', 'Anti gas gangrene serum']","output":"Proper wound debridement"} +{"instruction":"Systemic desensitization therapy is used for -","input":"Choices: ['Phobia', 'Depression', 'Schizophrenia', 'Organic brain syndrome']","output":"Phobia"} +{"instruction":"True about EMLA:","input":"Choices: ['Can be used for intubation', 'Mixture of local anesthesia', 'Faster acting', 'All']","output":"Mixture of local anesthesia"} +{"instruction":"An HIV patient complains of visual disturbances. Fundal examination shows bilateral retinal exudates and perivascular haemorrhges. Which of the following viruses are most likely to be responsible for this retinitis -","input":"Choices: ['Herpes simplex', 'Varicella zoster', 'Cytomegalovirus', 'EBV']","output":"Cytomegalovirus"} +{"instruction":"Hepatic stage of erythropoiesis is during:","input":"Choices: ['First trimester of pregnancy', 'Second trimester of pregnancy', 'Perinatal period', 'Puberty']","output":"Second trimester of pregnancy"} +{"instruction":"False positive rheumatoid factor can be associated with all except -","input":"Choices: ['Inflammatory bowel disease', 'HbsAg', 'VDRL', 'Coombs test']","output":"Inflammatory bowel disease"} +{"instruction":"Diaphragmatic hernia can occur through all the following, Except :","input":"Choices: ['Esophageal opening', 'Costoveebral triangle', 'Costal & sternal attachment of diaphragm', 'Inferior vena cava opening']","output":"Inferior vena cava opening"} +{"instruction":"All may be seen in hyperparathyroidism Except","input":"Choices: ['Solitary adenoma', 'Its malignant', 'Thyroid malignancy', 'Osteomalacia']","output":"Osteomalacia"} +{"instruction":"Flaying is seen in","input":"Choices: ['Split laceration', 'Stretch laceration', 'Avulsion', 'Incised looking lacerated wound']","output":"Avulsion"} +{"instruction":"True about tubercular otitis media are all except?","input":"Choices: ['Spreads through eustachian tube', 'Causes painless ear discharge', 'May cause multiple perforations', 'Usually affects both ears']","output":"Usually affects both ears"} +{"instruction":"A patient presents to the emergency department with uniocular diplopia. Examination with oblique illumination shows golden crescent while examination with co-axial illumination show a dark crescent line. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?","input":"Choices: ['Lenticonus', 'Coloboma', 'Microspherophakia', 'Ectopia lentis']","output":"Ectopia lentis"} +{"instruction":"Second generation cephalosporin that can be used orally is:","input":"Choices: ['Cefepime', 'Cefalothin', 'Cefaclor', 'Cefadroxil']","output":"Cefaclor"} +{"instruction":"Cherry red color of hypostasis is seen in-","input":"Choices: ['CO poisoning', 'H2SO4', 'HNO3', 'Burns']","output":"CO poisoning"} +{"instruction":"Not an ECG finding of hypokalemia: September 2009","input":"Choices: ['Absent T waves', 'ST elevation', 'Flat T waves', 'Prominent U wave']","output":"ST elevation"} +{"instruction":"A 16 Yr old presented to the clinic with recurrent joint pains,dark spots in sclera,blackening of urine on standing.What is the most probable diagnosis?","input":"Choices: ['Alkaptonuria', 'Tyrosinemia', 'Phenylketonuria', 'All of the above']","output":"Alkaptonuria"} +{"instruction":"Most impoant investigation for pericardial effusion -","input":"Choices: ['Cardiac catheterization', 'USG', 'Echocardiography', 'X-ray chest']","output":"Echocardiography"} +{"instruction":"Glutathione is protein which contain how many amino acids:","input":"Choices: ['2', '3', '4', '5']","output":"3"} +{"instruction":"Best way to plot the change of incidence of disease oveime-","input":"Choices: ['Line diagram', 'Bar cha', 'Histogram', 'Pie cha']","output":"Line diagram"} +{"instruction":"The attachment of eukaryotic mRNA to the ribosome is mediated through?","input":"Choices: ['Poly a Tail', 'tRNA', 'Guanyl cap', 'Shine dalgarno sequence']","output":"Guanyl cap"} +{"instruction":"Vaccines that can be safely given during pregnancy are the following except -","input":"Choices: ['Tetanus', 'Influenza', 'Rubella', 'Pneumococcus']","output":"Rubella"} +{"instruction":"Complication of long-term hemophilia a) Joint deformity b) Transfusion transmitted disease c) Renal calculi d) Severe iron deficiency anemia","input":"Choices: ['ab', 'bc', 'bd', 'ad']","output":"ab"} +{"instruction":"Under which of the following condition uterus shows both hyperophy and hyperplasia at the same time?","input":"Choices: ['Pregnancy', 'Multiparity', 'Nulliparity', 'Pubey']","output":"Pregnancy"} +{"instruction":"Call exner bodies are seen in:","input":"Choices: ['Granulosa cell tumor', 'Yolk sac', 'Dysgerminoma', 'Embryonal carcinoma']","output":"Granulosa cell tumor"} +{"instruction":"Water lily sign on chest X-ray is seen in -","input":"Choices: ['Pulmonary Tuberculosis', 'Pulmonary Hydatid cyst', 'Cryptococcosis', 'Aspergillosis']","output":"Pulmonary Hydatid cyst"} +{"instruction":"Severe Obstructive sleep apnea is defined as AHI of greater than","input":"Choices: ['15 events\/hour', '20 events\/hour', '25 events\/hour', '30 events\/hour']","output":"30 events\/hour"} +{"instruction":"The phase I reactions of drug metabolism include the following except:","input":"Choices: ['Hydrolysis', 'Reduction', 'Oxidation', 'Conjugation']","output":"Conjugation"} +{"instruction":"This patient, previously healthy, came now with dyspnoea and low grade fever since 4 months. His lungs are clear. JVP is normal. ECG showed low voltage complexes. What is the possible diagnosis?","input":"Choices: ['Tuberculous pericardial effusion', 'Rheumatic Mitral stenosis', 'Syphilitic Aoic aneurysm', 'Hyperophic cariomyopathy']","output":"Tuberculous pericardial effusion"} +{"instruction":"Earliest change in iron deficiency anaemia is","input":"Choices: ['Decreased serum iron', 'Decreased serum ferritin', 'Decreased TIBC', 'Decreased hemoglobin']","output":"Decreased serum ferritin"} +{"instruction":"Cori’s cycle is another name for","input":"Choices: ['Oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate', 'HMP pathway', 'TCA cycle', 'Lactic acid cycle']","output":"Lactic acid cycle"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following disease is also known as diabetic diarrhea:","input":"Choices: ['Whipple disease', 'Ulcerative colitis', 'Coeliac disease', 'Carcinoid Syndrome']","output":"Coeliac disease"} +{"instruction":"A major source of Von Willebrand factor (vWF) –","input":"Choices: ['Erythrocytes', 'Neutrophils', 'Endothelial cells', 'Monocytes']","output":"Endothelial cells"} +{"instruction":"Gastric ulcer type III is located at:","input":"Choices: ['Lesser curvature', 'Body', 'Prepyloric region', 'GE junction']","output":"Prepyloric region"} +{"instruction":"Dermatomyositis test of choice -","input":"Choices: ['CPK', '24hr urine creat', 'SGOT', 'SGPT']","output":"CPK"} +{"instruction":"Pleural effusion in rheumatoid ahritis is typically associated with all of the following features except?","input":"Choices: ['Glucose > 620 mg\/dl', 'Protein> 3 gm\/dl', 'Pleural fluid protein to serum protein ratio of > 0.5', 'Pleural fluid LDH to serum LDH ratio of >0.6']","output":"Glucose > 620 mg\/dl"} +{"instruction":"Drug that does not lead to osteoporosis","input":"Choices: ['Alcohol', 'Thyroxine', 'Heparine', 'Warfarine']","output":"Thyroxine"} +{"instruction":"Frankel\tbehaviour\trating\tsystem\tdoes\tnot\tinclude\nfollowing behaviour:","input":"Choices: ['Definitely positive', 'Definitely negative', 'Positive', 'Indifferent']","output":"Indifferent"} +{"instruction":"Small intestine in intestinal obstruction is distinguished radiologically from large intestine by-","input":"Choices: ['Haustration', 'Valvulae conniventes', 'Can not be distinguished', 'None']","output":"Valvulae conniventes"} +{"instruction":"Hysteresis in a hydrocolloid gel is","input":"Choices: ['Moisture absorption', 'Temperature lag between gelation and liquefaction temperature', 'Phenomenon of conversion of gel into sol', 'All the above']","output":"Temperature lag between gelation and liquefaction temperature"} +{"instruction":"Muscle acting for protrusion of tongue is -","input":"Choices: ['Palatoglossus', 'Genioglossus', 'Styloglossus', 'Hyoglossus']","output":"Genioglossus"} +{"instruction":"In measuring Vickers hardness no. which of the following is used:","input":"Choices: ['Spherical indenter', 'Steel ball indentation', 'Rhomboid shaped indenter', '136-degree diamond pyramid']","output":"136-degree diamond pyramid"} +{"instruction":"Dilantin causes?","input":"Choices: ['Folic acid deficiency', 'Thiamine deficiency', 'Nicotinamide deficiency', 'Riboflavin deficiency']","output":"Folic acid deficiency"} +{"instruction":"The following statements are related to Krukenberg tumour except:","input":"Choices: ['It is always secondary', 'The most common primary site is pylorus of the stomach', 'The tumour is bilateral', \"'Signet ring' looking cells are characteristic\"]","output":"It is always secondary"} +{"instruction":"An 18-year-old male presented with acute onset a history of blurring of vision for the same duration on examination, the patient has quadriparesis with areflexia. Both the pupils are non-reactive. The most probable diagnosis is -","input":"Choices: ['Poliomyelitis', 'Botulism', 'Diphtheria', 'Porphyria']","output":"Botulism"} +{"instruction":"Froment's sign is positive in cases of weakness of -","input":"Choices: ['Thumb adduction', 'Thumb abduction', 'Thumb flexion', 'Thumb extension']","output":"Thumb adduction"} +{"instruction":"Drug used for penile erection -","input":"Choices: ['Sildenaphil', 'Apomorphine', 'Papaverine', 'All of the above']","output":"All of the above"} +{"instruction":"The prime cause of death from pancreatic pseudocyst is:","input":"Choices: ['Pressure on the aoa', 'Abscess', 'Rupture and hemorrhage', 'Embolism']","output":"Rupture and hemorrhage"} +{"instruction":"About V. cholerae all statements are true except:","input":"Choices: ['Nonhalophilic', 'Cannot grow in ordinary media', 'Can survive outside the intestine', 'Man is the only reservoir of cholera']","output":"Cannot grow in ordinary media"} +{"instruction":"Ligament supporting the head of talus is","input":"Choices: ['Short plantar ligament', 'Long plantar ligament', 'Medial ligament (Deltoid ligament)', 'Plantar calcaneonavicular ligament (Spring ligament)']","output":"Plantar calcaneonavicular ligament (Spring ligament)"} +{"instruction":"For initiation of HAART, following is generally evaluated","input":"Choices: ['CD4 count', 'viral load', 'absolute lymphocyte count', 'All of the above']","output":"All of the above"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following relays via interneurons on anterior horn cell -","input":"Choices: ['Muscle spindle', 'Corticospinal tract', 'Spinothalamic tract', 'Spinocerebellar tract']","output":"Corticospinal tract"} +{"instruction":"Menadione is an analogue of","input":"Choices: ['Vitamin C', 'Vitamin A', 'Vitamin D', 'Vitamin K']","output":"Vitamin K"} +{"instruction":"Scab or crust of abrasion appears brown:","input":"Choices: ['Between 12-24 hrs', 'Between 2-3 days', 'Between 4-5 days', 'Between 5-7 days']","output":"Between 2-3 days"} +{"instruction":"Kaolin cephalin clotting time is:","input":"Choices: ['Prothrombin Time', 'Activated paial thromboplastin test', 'Cephalin is a surface activator', 'Kaolin is a platelet phospholipid substitute.']","output":"Activated paial thromboplastin test"} +{"instruction":"All of the following are branches of splenic aery, except","input":"Choices: ['Sho Gastric aery', 'Hilar branches', 'Right Gastroepiploic aery', 'Aeria pancreatic magna']","output":"Right Gastroepiploic aery"} +{"instruction":"The function of middle ear is-","input":"Choices: ['Impedence matching', 'Conveing sound energy into electric energy', 'Increase in intensity of sound', 'Helps in equilibrium']","output":"Impedence matching"} +{"instruction":"A 65-year-old male wants a denture made for him. Intraoral examination reveals edentulous arches with firm ridges and good alveolar height. The impression is made with ZOE and the patient reports a burning sensation. The cause of the sensation may be:","input":"Choices: ['Eugenol', 'Orthoethoxybenzoic acid', 'Calcium chloride', 'Lead dioxide']","output":"Eugenol"} +{"instruction":"Sarcomere is the area between two:","input":"Choices: ['A bands', 'I bands', 'Z lines', 'H bands']","output":"Z lines"} +{"instruction":"Prognosis of carcinoma breast depends on","input":"Choices: ['Lymph node status', 'Size of tumor', 'Skin involvement', 'Peude orange']","output":"Lymph node status"} +{"instruction":"Roof of Anatomical snuff box is related to","input":"Choices: ['Radial aery', 'Basilic vein', 'Superior Branch of radial nerve', 'Superior branch of ulnar nerve']","output":"Superior Branch of radial nerve"} +{"instruction":"All are seen in marasmus except?","input":"Choices: ['Hunger', 'Wasting', 'Loose folds skin', 'Apathy']","output":"Apathy"} +{"instruction":"A 35-year-old woman complains of nipple discharge and irregular menses of 5 months duration. Physical examination reveals a milky discharge from both nipples. MRI shows an enlargement of the anterior pituitary. Which of the following is the most likely histologic diagnosis of this patient's pituitary tumor?","input":"Choices: ['Adenoma', 'Choriostoma', 'Hamaoma', 'Papilloma']","output":"Adenoma"} +{"instruction":"Opacity around colonies of clostridium perfringens is due to","input":"Choices: ['Theta toxin', 'Lecithinase', 'Desmolase', 'Cytokinin']","output":"Lecithinase"} +{"instruction":"A six year old child presented with a valgus deformity at his right elbow since 3 years that is gradually progressive. He has a history of cast applied for 6 weeks after falling on outstretched hand 3 years back. The probable fracture was","input":"Choices: ['Malunited lateral Condylar fracture of Humerus', 'Malunited Supracondylar Fracture of Humerus', 'Posterior dislocation of elbow', 'Fracture medial condyle of humerus']","output":"Malunited lateral Condylar fracture of Humerus"} +{"instruction":"The following statement about Gomez classification is false –","input":"Choices: ['Based on height retardation', 'Based on 50th centile Boston standards', 'Between 75 and 89% implies mild malnutrition', 'This classification has prognostic value for hospitalization of children']","output":"Based on height retardation"} +{"instruction":"Menkes syndrome is a disorder of","input":"Choices: ['Copper transpo', 'Iron Transpo', 'Sodium transpo', 'Potassium Transpo']","output":"Copper transpo"} +{"instruction":"To diagnose prolonged latent phase in a nulliparous women, latent phase should be prolonged for","input":"Choices: ['> 6 hours', '> 10 hours', '> 14 hours', '> 20 hours']","output":"> 20 hours"} +{"instruction":"Staphylococcus is","input":"Choices: ['Gram - positive cocci', 'Gram - negative cocci', 'Gram - positive bacillus', 'Gram - negative bacillus']","output":"Gram - positive cocci"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following statements is true about the round ligament","input":"Choices: ['Round ligament lies posterior to uterus', 'Round ligament is a vestigial structure', 'Round Ligament ends distally in inguinal canal', 'Round Ligament supports fundus of uterus']","output":"Round Ligament ends distally in inguinal canal"} +{"instruction":"Papilledema - 1st clinical sign is ?","input":"Choices: ['Bulging of disc', 'Hyperemia of disc', 'Myopia', 'Obscuration of disc margins']","output":"Obscuration of disc margins"} +{"instruction":"Golden hour in thrombolytic therapy for cerebral stroke-","input":"Choices: ['3 hrs', '6 hrs', '12 hrs', '24 hrs']","output":"3 hrs"} +{"instruction":"Hemophilia is due to deficiency of factor:","input":"Choices: ['I', 'V', 'VIII', 'XIII']","output":"VIII"} +{"instruction":"True about tympanic nerve:","input":"Choices: ['Is a branch of the facial nerve', 'Contains postganglionic parasympathetic fibers', 'Synapses with fibers in the lesser petrosal nerve', 'Is a branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve']","output":"Is a branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve"} +{"instruction":"Proteins are transported into the cell by?","input":"Choices: ['Pinocytosis', 'Osmosis', 'Active diffusion', 'Passive diffusion']","output":"Pinocytosis"} +{"instruction":"Vitamin a dose in children of 1-6 years of age is","input":"Choices: ['50000 IU', '1 Lakh IU', '2 Lakh IU', '4 Lakh IU']","output":"2 Lakh IU"} +{"instruction":"Essential criteria for TOF includes all except –","input":"Choices: ['Valvular stenosis', 'Infundibular stenosis', 'Overriding of aorta', 'RVH']","output":"Valvular stenosis"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following bones do not contribute the nasal septum:","input":"Choices: ['Sphenoid', 'Lacrimal', 'Palatine', 'Ethmoid']","output":"Lacrimal"} +{"instruction":"Pulse oximetry is used in:","input":"Choices: ['Blood volume', 'Blood coefficient', 'Laser wavelength for estimation of blood flow', 'Probe with diode is used to measure oxygen saturation']","output":"Probe with diode is used to measure oxygen saturation"} +{"instruction":"Most common agent causing catheter induced urinary tract infection is:","input":"Choices: ['E.Coli', 'Pseudomonas', 'Staphylococcus epidermidis', 'Proteus']","output":"E.Coli"} +{"instruction":"Treatment of choice for extended spectrum betalactamase producing enterococci","input":"Choices: ['Amoxicillin-clavalunic acid', 'Piperacillin-Tazobactam', 'Ampicillin only', 'Ampicillin + Sulbactam']","output":"Piperacillin-Tazobactam"} +{"instruction":"Neurotensinoma causes-","input":"Choices: ['Cyanosis', 'Hypeension', 'Hyperkalemia', 'None']","output":"None"} +{"instruction":"The pulmonary function test done on this patient of asthma would be","input":"Choices: ['Non-infarmative', 'Obstructive pattern', 'Restrictive pattern', 'Destructive pattern']","output":"Obstructive pattern"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following ACE inhibitor is not a prodrug","input":"Choices: ['Fosinopril', 'Enalapril', 'Ramipril', 'Lisinopril']","output":"Lisinopril"} +{"instruction":"Liver biopsy is indicated for diagnosis\/evaluation of all EXCEPT?","input":"Choices: ['Autoimmune hepatitis', 'Storage disorders', 'Hemangioma', 'Hepatocellular carcinoma']","output":"Hemangioma"} +{"instruction":"A patient of post-cholecystectomy biliary stricture has undergone an ERCP three days ago. Following this she has developed acute cholangitis. The most likely organism is","input":"Choices: ['Escherichia colli', 'Bacillus fragilis', 'Streptococcus viridans', 'Pseudomonas aerogenosa']","output":"Escherichia colli"} +{"instruction":"Multiple bih are commonest among .","input":"Choices: ['Indians', 'Mongol', 'Caucasians', 'Negroes']","output":"Negroes"} +{"instruction":"Pseudotumor syndrome is seen in","input":"Choices: ['SLE', 'Thalassemia', 'Hemophilia', 'Hyperparathyroidism']","output":"Hemophilia"} +{"instruction":"In hematuria of glomerular origin the urine is characterized by the presence of all of the following except:","input":"Choices: ['Red cell casts', 'Acanthocytes', 'Crenated red cells', 'Dysmorphic red cells']","output":"Acanthocytes"} +{"instruction":"As per National Trust Act, patients suffering from which of the following disease are eligible for disability benefit?","input":"Choices: ['Learning disability', 'Depression', 'Mental retardation', 'Dementia']","output":"Mental retardation"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following regarding stress ulcers is true?","input":"Choices: ['Cimetidine should be used prophylactically in intensive care patients to prevent stress ulcers', 'Stress erosions take days to develop and resolve slowly', 'Surgery is usually the best way to cure stress ulcers', 'Stress ulcers most often involve the body and fundus of the stomach']","output":"Stress ulcers most often involve the body and fundus of the stomach"} +{"instruction":"True about polio :","input":"Choices: ['Paralytic polio is most common', 'Spastic paralysis', 'Increased muscular activity leads to increased paralysis', 'Polio drop given only in <3 year']","output":"Increased muscular activity leads to increased paralysis"} +{"instruction":"Period of onset in tetanus refers to the time between:","input":"Choices: ['First injury to spasm', 'First symptom to spasm', 'First spasm to death', 'Trismus to laryngeal spasm']","output":"First symptom to spasm"} +{"instruction":"Most of the parotid tumor are managed by -","input":"Choices: ['Total parotidectomy', 'Radical parotidectomy', 'Superficial parotidectomy', 'Radical parotidectomy & Neck dissection']","output":"Superficial parotidectomy"} +{"instruction":"Rapid X descent is unlikely in-","input":"Choices: ['Constrictive pericarditis', 'Cardiac tamponade', 'RVM', 'Restrictive cardiomyopathy']","output":"RVM"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following features is not seen in Anorexia Nervosa?","input":"Choices: ['Decreased total brain volume', 'Lowered metabolic rate', 'Impaired regulation in growth hormone levels', 'Decreased serum protein']","output":"Decreased serum protein"} +{"instruction":"Normal volume of middle ear and mastoid ?","input":"Choices: ['1 cc', '6 cc', '12 cc', '15 cc']","output":"6 cc"} +{"instruction":"Sections from a solid-cystic unilateral ovarian tumor in a 30-year old female show a tumor composed of diffuse sheets of small cells with doubtful nuclear grooving and scanty cytoplasm. No Call-Exner bodies are seen.The ideal immunohistochemistry panel would include -","input":"Choices: ['Vimentin, epithelial membrane antigen, inhibin, CD99', 'Desmin, S-100 protein, smooth muscle antigen, cytokeratin', 'Chromogranin, CD45, CD99, CD20', 'CD3, chromagranin, CD 45, synaptophysin']","output":"Vimentin, epithelial membrane antigen, inhibin, CD99"} +{"instruction":"Enzyme replacement therapy is most commonly used for","input":"Choices: [\"Gaucher's disease\", \"Fabry's disease\", \"Niemenn pick's disease\", 'Pompe disease']","output":"Gaucher's disease"} +{"instruction":"Very high intraocular pressure, veically oval mid-dilated pupil and shallow anterior chamber is seen in:","input":"Choices: ['Primary open angle glaucoma', 'Acute primary angle closure glaucoma', 'Malignant glaucoma', 'Pupillary block glaucoma']","output":"Acute primary angle closure glaucoma"} +{"instruction":"Egg yields about -------K cal of energy –","input":"Choices: ['50', '60', '70', '80']","output":"70"} +{"instruction":"The cytogenetics of the Chromophillic renal cell carcinoma is characterized by","input":"Choices: ['Mutant VHL gene', 'Loss 3p', 'Trisomy 7\/17', 'Loss of 5q3']","output":"Trisomy 7\/17"} +{"instruction":"Lady 45-years of age with decreased oestrogen level increased testosterone and temporal hair recession. Diagnosis is?","input":"Choices: ['Osteoporosis', 'Rheumatoid arthritis', 'P.C.O.D', 'Granulosa theca cell tumour']","output":"P.C.O.D"} +{"instruction":"A 20-year-old boy came with complaints of sudden pain in the left eye with loss of vision. On examination, left eye cornea was hazy and on looking down, there was a bulging in the lower eyelid. Retinoscopy shows scissoring reflex and oil drop sign was positive in both eyes, what is the diagnosis?","input":"Choices: ['Corneal dystrophy', 'Keratoconus', 'Pathological myopia', 'Keratoglobus']","output":"Keratoconus"} +{"instruction":"A 55-year-old woman visits the outpatient clinic with a swelling in her neck. Radiographic and ultrasound examinations reveal a benign thyroid gland tumor. Three days after thyroidectomy the patient shows air bubbles in the CT of her brain. Which of the following is the most likely cause of the air bubbles in this case?","input":"Choices: ['Injury to inferior thyroid artery', 'Injury to inferior and superior thyroid arteries', 'Injury to superior thyroid artery and vein', 'Injury to superior and middle thyroid veins']","output":"Injury to superior and middle thyroid veins"} +{"instruction":"Activity of glutathione reductase in RBCs gives an idea about functional index of which of the following?","input":"Choices: ['Riboflavin', 'Pyridoxine', 'Niacin', 'Biotin']","output":"Riboflavin"} +{"instruction":"True about intertrochanteric fracture","input":"Choices: ['> 1 inch shortening', '> 1 inch lengthening', \"Tenderness in scarpa's triangle\", '< 45 degree external rotation of limb']","output":"> 1 inch shortening"} +{"instruction":"True about visual testing in a child –a) Visual evoked potentialb) Teller's acuity card testc) Perimetryd) Keratometry","input":"Choices: ['ac', 'a', 'ad', 'ab']","output":"ab"} +{"instruction":"Essential fatty acid","input":"Choices: ['Linoleic acid', 'Palmitoleic acid', 'Oleic acid', 'Arachidonic acid']","output":"Linoleic acid"} +{"instruction":"In a patient with wide-complex tachycardia, the presence of all of the following in the ECG indicates ventricular tachycardia except","input":"Choices: ['Atrioventricular dissociation', 'Fusion beats', 'Typical right bundle branch block', 'Capture beats']","output":"Typical right bundle branch block"} +{"instruction":"Abdominal organ best suited for CT scanning:","input":"Choices: ['Liver', 'Gallbladder', 'Pancreas', 'Kidneys']","output":"Pancreas"} +{"instruction":"In combination birth control pills, the contraceptive effect of the estrogenic component is primarily related to","input":"Choices: ['Conversion of ethinyl estradiol to mestranol', 'Suppression of cervical mucus secretion', 'Suppression of luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion', 'Suppression of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) secretion']","output":"Suppression of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) secretion"} +{"instruction":"Note true about Japanese encephalitis","input":"Choices: ['Transmitted by culex mosquito', 'Caused by group A arbovirus', 'Pig is amplifier host', 'Man is incidental host']","output":"Caused by group A arbovirus"} +{"instruction":"False about TIPS","input":"Choices: ['Shunt thrombosis is more common than stenosis', 'Encephalopathy is more common', 'Improves ascites and hydrothorax', 'Much better than control of bleeding than variceal ligation']","output":"Shunt thrombosis is more common than stenosis"} +{"instruction":"Which is not involved in local hemostasis","input":"Choices: ['Fibrinogen', 'Calcium', 'Vit k', 'Collagen']","output":"Vit k"} +{"instruction":"In Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, polyps are mainly seen in:","input":"Choices: ['Rectum', 'Colon', 'Esophagus', 'Jejunum']","output":"Jejunum"} +{"instruction":"All of the following statements about Lupus Anticoagulant are true, EXCEPT:","input":"Choices: ['May present with an isolated prolongation ofAPTT', 'May present with Recurrent Aboions', 'May occur with minimal clinical manifestations', 'Thrombotic spells can be followed by severe life threatening hemorrhage']","output":"Thrombotic spells can be followed by severe life threatening hemorrhage"} +{"instruction":"The nucleotide triplet CTC in the sixth position of the l3-chain in DNA forms the complementary nucleotide on (mRNA) that codes for glutamic acid. A point mutation on the l3-chain resulting in the nucleotide triplet CAC forms a com¬plementary nucleotide on mRNA that codes for valine. In sickle cell anemia, you would expect the comple¬mentary nucleotide triplet on mRNA from 5' to 3' to read","input":"Choices: ['GAG', 'CTC', 'GTG', 'GUG']","output":"GUG"} +{"instruction":"Scala tympani and vestibuli is drained by:","input":"Choices: ['Aqueduct of cochlea', 'Perilymphatic duct', 'Enolymphatic duct', 'Cochlear ly mphatics']","output":"Perilymphatic duct"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is the most common side effect seen with fluoxetine therapy?","input":"Choices: ['Seizure', 'Anxiety', 'Hypotension', 'Loose stools']","output":"Anxiety"} +{"instruction":"Brain size achieves 90 % of adult size by the age of:","input":"Choices: ['2 years', '4 years', '6 years', 'Puberty']","output":"2 years"} +{"instruction":"Muscle supplied by median nerve:","input":"Choices: ['Opponens pollicis', 'Abductor pollicis brevis', 'Flexor pollicis brevis', 'All']","output":"All"} +{"instruction":"Percentage of bilirubin production from old RBCs","input":"Choices: ['20%', '80%', '100%', '40%']","output":"80%"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is false about Psuedomembranous colitis","input":"Choices: ['Occurs due antibiotics use', 'Caused by Clostridium difficile', 'Treatment is oral vancomycin', 'None of the above']","output":"None of the above"} +{"instruction":"Galactorrhoea due to ectopic prolactin is seen in a) Malignant thymoma b) Bronchogenic carcinoma c) Medullary carcinoma thyroid d) Hypemephroma","input":"Choices: ['abc', 'bd', 'bcd', 'cd']","output":"bd"} +{"instruction":"Mental retardation is defined if IQ is below –","input":"Choices: ['90', '80', '70', '60']","output":"70"} +{"instruction":"It is true about formalin -","input":"Choices: ['That it can be used as preservative in alcohol poisoning', 'Never used as a preservative for chemical analysis', 'Used as a preservative in poisoning with digitalis', 'None of the above']","output":"Never used as a preservative for chemical analysis"} +{"instruction":"An adult presents with oval scaly hypopigmented macule over the chest and the back. The diagnosis is:","input":"Choices: ['Leprosy', 'Lupus vulgaris', 'Pityriasis versicolor', 'Lichen Planus']","output":"Pityriasis versicolor"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is true about vasa pre except?","input":"Choices: ['Incidence is 1:1500', 'Moality rate of 20% with undiagnosed case', 'Associated with low lying placenta', 'Cesarean section is indicated']","output":"Moality rate of 20% with undiagnosed case"} +{"instruction":"Tributary of the cavernous sinus includes all of the following, except","input":"Choices: ['Superior petrosal sinus', 'Inferior petrosal sinus', 'Superficial middle cerebral vein', 'Deep middle cerebral vein']","output":"Deep middle cerebral vein"} +{"instruction":"Risk factors for the development of breast cancer include all of the following EXCEPT","input":"Choices: ['Early menarche', 'Nulliparity', 'Late menopause', 'Longer lactation period']","output":"Longer lactation period"} +{"instruction":"Broad beta band in electrophoretic pattern of lipoproteins present in:","input":"Choices: ['Type I hyperlipoproteinemia', 'Type IIa hyperlipoproteinemia', 'Type III hyperlipoproteinemia', 'Type IV hyperlipoproteinemia']","output":"Type III hyperlipoproteinemia"} +{"instruction":"A young patient presents with a systolic murmur at the apex. The murmur increases on both handgrip and Valsalva maneuver. Which of the following conditions is most likely?","input":"Choices: ['ASD', 'Aoic stenosis', 'MVP', 'VSD']","output":"MVP"} +{"instruction":"In a post polio case, ilio-tibial tract contracture is likely to result in :","input":"Choices: ['Extension at the hip and knee', 'Extension at the hip', 'Flexion at the hip and the knee', 'Extension at the knee']","output":"Flexion at the hip and the knee"} +{"instruction":"All of the following results in increased renin secretion except _____","input":"Choices: ['Renal ischaemia', 'Increased amount of Na+ in DCT', 'Decreased amount of Na+ in PCT', 'Decreased afferent aeriolar pressure']","output":"Increased amount of Na+ in DCT"} +{"instruction":"Hurthle cells are found in -","input":"Choices: ['Medullary carcinoma thyroid', 'Papillary carcinoma thyroid', 'Follicular adenoma thyroid', 'Pituitary adenoma']","output":"Follicular adenoma thyroid"} +{"instruction":"Factor favoring the transport across a cell membrane-","input":"Choices: ['Thick membrane', 'Big particle size', 'High concentration gradient', 'Polar substance']","output":"High concentration gradient"} +{"instruction":"Circumcorneal vascularization is observed in deficiency of","input":"Choices: ['Vitamin D', 'Thiamine', 'Riboflavin', 'Biotin']","output":"Riboflavin"} +{"instruction":"Why there is higher incidence of endobronchial intubation in pediatric patients -","input":"Choices: ['Sho trachea', 'Longer Pediatric ETT', 'Both', 'None of the above']","output":"Sho trachea"} +{"instruction":"Most common site of biopsy in amyloidosis","input":"Choices: ['Liver', 'Spleen', 'Kidney', 'Lung']","output":"Kidney"} +{"instruction":"An affected male infant born to normal parents could be an example of all of the following, except -","input":"Choices: ['An Autosomal dominant disorder', 'An Autosomal recessive disorder', 'A polygenic disorder', 'A veically transmitted disorder']","output":"An Autosomal dominant disorder"} +{"instruction":"A female married to a normal male but her father had vitamin D resistant rickets. So what are the chances that her childrens will be colour blind:March 2013","input":"Choices: ['0%', '50%', '75%', '100%']","output":"50%"} +{"instruction":"Role of selenocystein is impoant in ?","input":"Choices: ['Hydroxylation of dopamine', 'Oxidation of drugs', 'Antioxidant mechanism', 'None of the above']","output":"Antioxidant mechanism"} +{"instruction":"Pasteurized milk is tested by","input":"Choices: ['Phosphatase test', 'OTA test', 'Nitrate test', 'Nitroprusside test']","output":"Phosphatase test"} +{"instruction":"Surface area of tympanic membrance -","input":"Choices: ['55 mm2', '70 mm2', '80 mm2', '90 mm2']","output":"90 mm2"} +{"instruction":"The primary reason for replacing teeth destroyed due to\nnursing bottle syndrome is","input":"Choices: ['Speech and esthetics', 'Form and function', 'Incising and mastication', 'Arch perimeter requirements in the transitional dentition']","output":"Speech and esthetics"} +{"instruction":"A one year old child having leucocoria was detected to be having a unilateral, large retinoblastoma filling half the globe. Current therapy would involve:","input":"Choices: ['Enucleation', 'Chemotherapy followed by local dyes', 'Direct Laser ablation using photo dynamic cryotherapy', 'Scleral radiotherapy followed by chemotherapy']","output":"Enucleation"} +{"instruction":"Following splenectomy which cell increased","input":"Choices: ['Lymphocytes', 'Monocytes', 'Neutrophils', 'Plateles']","output":"Plateles"} +{"instruction":"Barr body is absent in female having –","input":"Choices: ['46 XX genome', '45 XO genome', '47 XXX', 'All of above']","output":"45 XO genome"} +{"instruction":"Following are Hyperdynamic states EXCEPT:","input":"Choices: ['Anemia', 'Thyrotoxicosis', 'A-V malformation', 'Liver disease']","output":"Liver disease"} +{"instruction":"In stretch reflex, the stimulus is","input":"Choices: ['Change in muscle length', 'Change in muscle tension', 'Pain in muscle', 'Cessation of blood supply']","output":"Change in muscle length"} +{"instruction":"A 32-week baby is born to a mother with eclampsia, who was given IV magnesium sulphate. The baby was resuscitated and transferred to the NICU. 12 hours later, the baby showed hypotonia, lethargy, constricted pupils and two episodes of seizures. The staging of HIE is:","input":"Choices: ['1', '2', '3', 'There is no HIE']","output":"2"} +{"instruction":"Short chain fatty acid produced by bacteria are maximally absorbed in","input":"Choices: ['Duodenum', 'Colon', 'ileum', 'Jejunum']","output":"Colon"} +{"instruction":"Drepanocytes are seen in","input":"Choices: ['Megaloblastic anemia', 'Severe Iron deficiency', 'Sickle cell anemia', 'All of the above']","output":"Sickle cell anemia"} +{"instruction":"Vulval carcinoma metastasizes to which lymph group :","input":"Choices: ['Para aoic nodes', 'Superficial inguinal nodes', 'Internal iliac nodes', 'External iliac nodes']","output":"Superficial inguinal nodes"} +{"instruction":"Jaundice in the new–born is physiological when –","input":"Choices: ['The infant is visibly jaundiced in the first 24 hours of birth', 'The total bilirubin concentration in the serum increases by 1 mg\/dl per day', 'The total bilirubin concentration is above 15 mg\/dl', 'Jaundice persists for more than one week in a tenn infant']","output":"The total bilirubin concentration in the serum increases by 1 mg\/dl per day"} +{"instruction":"All of the following drugs cause hypeensive crisis in patients with phaeochromocytoma, EXCEPT:","input":"Choices: ['Phenoxybenzamine', 'Propranolol', 'Saralasin', 'Captopril']","output":"Phenoxybenzamine"} +{"instruction":"An impoant non-respiratory function of Lungs:","input":"Choices: ['Anion balance', 'Sodium balance', 'Potassium balance', 'Calcium balance']","output":"Sodium balance"} +{"instruction":"A 20-year-old male had pain in abdomen and mild fever followed by gastroenteritis. The stool examination showed the presence of pus cells and RBC&;s on microscopy. The etiological agent responsible is most likely to be","input":"Choices: ['Enteroinvasive E. Coli.', 'Enterotoxigenic E. Coli.', 'Enteropathogenic E. Coli.', 'Enteroaggregative E. Coli.']","output":"Enteroinvasive E. Coli."} +{"instruction":"Left superior oblique and left inferior rectus are","input":"Choices: ['Yoke muscles', 'Antagonists', 'Agonists', 'Synergists']","output":"Synergists"} +{"instruction":"All are features of cleidocranial dysostosis except","input":"Choices: ['Short stature', 'Wide foramen magnum', 'Short Metacarpals', 'Absent clavicle']","output":"Short Metacarpals"} +{"instruction":"Laser used in LASIK -","input":"Choices: ['Yag', 'Diode', 'Excimer', 'None']","output":"Excimer"} +{"instruction":"Opening of jaw is done by -","input":"Choices: ['Temporalis', 'Lat pterygoid', 'Med pterygoid', 'Masseter']","output":"Lat pterygoid"} +{"instruction":"All of the following waste can be incinerated, except:","input":"Choices: ['Anatomical waste', 'Infectious waste', 'Sharps', 'Cytotoxic Waste']","output":"Sharps"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is an ultrashort acting muscle relaxant ?","input":"Choices: ['Rocuronium', 'Atracurium', 'Succinyl choline', 'Doxacurium']","output":"Succinyl choline"} +{"instruction":"If the cemental overgrowth improves the functional quality of cementum, known as:","input":"Choices: ['Cemental hypertrophy', 'Cemental hypoplasia', 'Cemental hyperplasia', 'None']","output":"Cemental hypertrophy"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following statement about carcinogenesis is false","input":"Choices: ['Asbestos exposure increase the incidence of lung cancer', 'Papilloma viruses produce tumors in animal but not in human', 'Exposure to aniline dyes predisposes to cancer of the urinary bladder', 'Hepatitis B virus has been implicated in hepatocellular carcinoma']","output":"Papilloma viruses produce tumors in animal but not in human"} +{"instruction":"Society is defined as –","input":"Choices: ['A conglomeration people', 'A group people bound with social norms', 'An association with regulated membership', 'An association patterned the norms of interaction']","output":"A group people bound with social norms"} +{"instruction":"Hung up reflex is seen in-","input":"Choices: ['Chorea', 'Cerebral palsy', 'Athetosis', 'None']","output":"Chorea"} +{"instruction":"Xiphoid fuses with sternum by what age ?","input":"Choices: ['30 years', '35 years', '40 years', '45 years']","output":"40 years"} +{"instruction":"Classical triad of Budd-Chiari syndrome","input":"Choices: ['Fever, jaundice, abdominal pain', 'Fever, ascites, jaundice', 'Hepatomegaly, abdominal pain, ascites', 'Abdominal pain, jaundice, hepatomegaly']","output":"Hepatomegaly, abdominal pain, ascites"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following IPC section defines punishment for fabricating false evidence?","input":"Choices: ['Sec IPC 191', 'Sec IPC 192', 'Sec IPC 193', 'Sec IPC 197']","output":"Sec IPC 193"} +{"instruction":"Which among the following is the MOST common cause of superficial thrombophlebitis?","input":"Choices: ['Trauma', 'Infection', 'Varicosities', 'Intravenous infusion']","output":"Intravenous infusion"} +{"instruction":"Biomedical concept of health is based on","input":"Choices: ['Germ theory of disease', 'Absence of pain', 'Social and psychological factors', 'Equilibrium between man and environment']","output":"Germ theory of disease"} +{"instruction":"Drug not given sublingually is:","input":"Choices: ['Isosorbide dinitrate', 'Buprenorphine', 'Ergotamine tartrate', 'Isosorbide-5-mononitrate']","output":"Isosorbide-5-mononitrate"} +{"instruction":"The standard of care in splenctomy patients involves use of all the above vaccines except -","input":"Choices: ['H Influenzae type b', 'Meningococcal vaccine', 'Pneumococcal vaccine', 'Typhoid vaccine']","output":"Typhoid vaccine"} +{"instruction":"Na+ K+ pump which enzyme is used","input":"Choices: ['ATPase', 'GTpase', 'Acetyl CoA', 'NADPH']","output":"ATPase"} +{"instruction":"The human plasma lipoprotein containing the highest percentage of triacylglycerol by weight is:","input":"Choices: ['VLDL', 'Chylomicrons', 'HDL', 'LDL']","output":"Chylomicrons"} +{"instruction":"Separation of proteins based on size is done by","input":"Choices: ['Affinity chromatography', 'SDS-Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis', 'Ion exchange chromatography', 'High performance liquid chromatography']","output":"SDS-Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis"} +{"instruction":"In Malaria, histopathological examination of liver would show:","input":"Choices: ['Microabscess formation', \"Kupffer's cell hyperplasia with macrophage infiltration around peripoal area laden with pigments\", 'Non caseating granuloma', 'Non specific finding of neutrophilic infiltration']","output":"Kupffer's cell hyperplasia with macrophage infiltration around peripoal area laden with pigments"} +{"instruction":"All of the following are adverse effects of sodium valproate except:","input":"Choices: ['Weight gain', 'Alopecia', 'Liver damage', 'Osteomalacia']","output":"Osteomalacia"} +{"instruction":"Most friable vegetations is seen in:","input":"Choices: ['Infective endocarditis', 'Libman sacks endocarditis', 'Rheumatic hea disease', 'Rheumatoid hea disease']","output":"Infective endocarditis"} +{"instruction":"All are laboratory finding in Iron deficiency anemia EXCEPT:","input":"Choices: ['Decreased serum iron', 'Increased total iron binding capacity', 'Decreased serum ferritin', 'Increased mean corpuscles volume']","output":"Increased mean corpuscles volume"} +{"instruction":"Gigantism is due to:","input":"Choices: ['Increased secretion of coisol', 'Decreased secretion of coisol', 'Increased secretion of growth hormone', 'Decreased secretion of growth hormone']","output":"Increased secretion of growth hormone"} +{"instruction":"One tablet of chlorine is effective to disinfect how much quantity of water","input":"Choices: ['5 L', '20 L', '10 L', '30 L']","output":"20 L"} +{"instruction":"AML best prognosis is seen with ?","input":"Choices: ['Acute myelo monocytic leukemia.', 'Acute monocytic leukemia.', 'Acute promyeloblastic lukemia (M.3).', 'Erythro leukemia']","output":"Acute promyeloblastic lukemia (M.3)."} +{"instruction":"Heme is conveed to bilirubin mainly in","input":"Choices: ['Kidney', 'Liver', 'Spleen', 'Bone marrow']","output":"Spleen"} +{"instruction":"Lower motor neuron signs are all EXCEPT:","input":"Choices: ['Normal reflexes', 'Flaccid type of paralysis', 'Fasciculations', 'Wastage of muscle']","output":"Normal reflexes"} +{"instruction":"Maximum histamine is released by ?","input":"Choices: ['dTubocurarine', 'Succinylcholine', 'Pancronium', 'Gallamine']","output":"Succinylcholine"} +{"instruction":"Multipurpose health worker was proposed under:","input":"Choices: ['Srivastava committee', 'Bhore committee', 'Kaar Singh committee', 'None of the above']","output":"Kaar Singh committee"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following vaccines has maximum efficacy after a single dose -","input":"Choices: ['Tetanus toxoid', 'DPT', 'Measles', 'Typhoid']","output":"Measles"} +{"instruction":"Name the following scientist who is considered as the father of modern pharmacology?","input":"Choices: ['Ram Nath Chopra', 'Oswald Schmiedeberg', 'David Sackett', 'Paul Ehrlich']","output":"Oswald Schmiedeberg"} +{"instruction":"A male 55 years old is brought to the clinic in an unconscious condition. The patient is a type 2 diabetic since 15 years. General examination reveals RBS levels 268 mg\/dl. Blood and urine samples confirm the presence of ketone bodies. The urine sample of the patient show all of the following except:","input":"Choices: ['β-hydroxybutyrate', 'Acetoacetate', 'Acetone', 'Glycerol 3-phosphate']","output":"Glycerol 3-phosphate"} +{"instruction":"All of the following cephalosporins are active against Pseudomonas except:","input":"Choices: ['Ceftazidine', 'Cefotaxime', 'Cefoperazone', 'Cefaclor']","output":"Cefaclor"} +{"instruction":"Accommodation is due to","input":"Choices: ['Relaxation of ciliary muscles', 'Contraction of ciliary muscles', 'Contraction of dilator pupillae', 'None']","output":"Contraction of ciliary muscles"} +{"instruction":"Superior rib notching is seen in all except","input":"Choices: ['SLE', \"Marfan's\", \"Sjogren's\", 'Taussig Blalock operation']","output":"Taussig Blalock operation"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is a RNA virus -","input":"Choices: ['Herpes virus', 'Adenovirus', 'Poxvirus', 'Picornavirus']","output":"Picornavirus"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following head and neck tumor has worst prognosis?","input":"Choices: ['Adenoid cystic carcinoma', 'Acinic cell carcinoma', 'Cystadenolymphoma', 'Mucoepidermoid carcinoma']","output":"Adenoid cystic carcinoma"} +{"instruction":"In parathyroid crisis with sudden elevations of calcium over 16 mg \/dl ; the treatment consist of -a) Intravenous vitamin Db) Parathyroidectomy for removal of adenomac) Thyrocalcitonind) Intravenous bicarbonatee) All of the above","input":"Choices: ['bc', 'c', 'ac', 'ad']","output":"bc"} +{"instruction":"A full term neonate is born after a long, difficult delivery. The baby has an APGAR score of 3, so aerial blood is drawn for blood gas studies 3 minutes after delivery. Aerial blood gas studies show a PO2 of 10mmHg, PCO2 of 27mmHg, and pH of 7.09. Which of the following is the best interpretation of these studies?","input":"Choices: ['Markedly decreased PCO2, suggesting hyperventilation', 'Markedly decreased pH, suggesting acidosis', 'Markedly decreased PO2, suggesting respiratory failure', 'Within normal limits']","output":"Within normal limits"} +{"instruction":"When a patient says Ah the right uvula presses the palate which of the following nerve is damaged ?","input":"Choices: ['Rght X CN', 'Right XII CN', 'Left X CN', 'Right XII CN']","output":"Left X CN"} +{"instruction":"A patient with ITP has low platelet count and is being planned for splenectomy. What is the best time for platelet infusion in this patient?","input":"Choices: ['After removal of spleen', 'After ligating the splenic artery', 'At the time of skin incision', '2 hours before surgery']","output":"After ligating the splenic artery"} +{"instruction":"Most impoant determinant in Fallot&;s tetralogy is","input":"Choices: ['RVH', 'Sub-pulmonic stenosis', 'Pan systolic murmur', 'Enlargement of hea']","output":"Sub-pulmonic stenosis"} +{"instruction":"In antibiotic associated colitis, organism involved is -","input":"Choices: ['Clostridium difficile', 'Pseudomonas', 'Staphylococcus', 'Enterococcus']","output":"Clostridium difficile"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following anti-epileptic drug has the highest teratogenic potential?","input":"Choices: ['Valproate', 'Carbamazepine', 'Phenytoin', 'Lamotrigine']","output":"Valproate"} +{"instruction":"The primary reason that the female phenotype develops in an XY male is:","input":"Choices: ['The secretion of progesterone', 'Adrenal insufficiency', 'The lack of testosterone action', 'Increased inhibin secretion']","output":"The lack of testosterone action"} +{"instruction":"Amino acid with double chiral is ?","input":"Choices: ['Phenyalanine', 'Threonine', 'Tryptophane', 'Tyrosine']","output":"Threonine"} +{"instruction":"The basis of combining ritonavir with lopinavir is ?","input":"Choices: ['Pharmaceutical compatibility', 'CyP3A4 inhibition by ritonavir', 'Long elimination half life of ritonavir', 'Ability to counteract side effects of lopinavir']","output":"CyP3A4 inhibition by ritonavir"} +{"instruction":"Suprasellar aneurysms causes","input":"Choices: ['Binasal hemianopia', 'Bitemporal hemianopia', 'Homonymous hemianopia', 'Congruous homonymous hemianopia']","output":"Bitemporal hemianopia"} +{"instruction":"Palsy of right genioglossus causes:","input":"Choices: ['Deviation of tongue to the right', 'Deviation of tongue to left', 'Deviation of soft palate to right', 'Deviation of soft palate to left']","output":"Deviation of tongue to the right"} +{"instruction":"In Staphylococci, plasmids encoding beta-lactamase are transmitted by :","input":"Choices: ['Conjugation', 'Transduction', 'Transposon', 'Transformation']","output":"Transduction"} +{"instruction":"A person presents with pneumonia. His sputum was sent for culture. The bacterium obtained was gram positive cocci in chains and alpha haemolytic colonies on sheep agar. Which of the following will help in confirming the diagnosis","input":"Choices: ['Novobiocin', 'Optochin', 'Bacitracin', 'Oxacillin']","output":"Optochin"} +{"instruction":"Shortly after birth, an infant develops abdominal distention and begins to drool. When she is given her first feeding, it runs out the side of her mouth, and she coughs and chokes. Physical examination reveals tachypnea, intercostal retractions, and bilateral pulmonary rales. The esophageal anomaly that most commonly causes these signs and symptoms is illustrated by which of the following?","input":"Choices: ['Figure A', 'Figure B', 'Figure C', 'Figure D']","output":"Figure D"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following does not lead to pigment gall stones","input":"Choices: ['TPN', 'Clonorchis sinensis', 'Hemolytic anemia', 'Alcoholic cirrhosis']","output":"TPN"} +{"instruction":"Lymphatic drainage of thyroid gland is mainly -","input":"Choices: ['Sublingual nodes', 'Submandibular nodes', 'Deep cervical nodes', 'Submental nodes']","output":"Deep cervical nodes"} +{"instruction":"The stain used for glycogen -","input":"Choices: ['PAS', 'Cango red', 'Prussian blue', 'Alician blue']","output":"PAS"} +{"instruction":"Longest acting muscle relaxant?","input":"Choices: ['Doxacurium', 'Atracurium', 'Scoline', 'Vecuronium']","output":"Doxacurium"} +{"instruction":"A 25-year-old women whose antenatal period was uncomplicated is in labour. She has a single foetus in cephalic presentation. The head is not engaged. The foetal heart rate is 150 beats per minute. The cervical dilatation is 5 cm, the membranes are absent and the pelvis is adequate. It is decided to perform a caesarean section immediately.Which one of the following findings is the most likely cause for this decision?","input":"Choices: ['Approximation of the suture lines', 'Palpation of the anterior fontanelle and the sagittal suture', 'Palpation of the eyes, nose and mouth', 'Palpation of the frontal bones and the supraorbital ridges']","output":"Palpation of the frontal bones and the supraorbital ridges"} +{"instruction":"A 34-year-old woman has a benign nevus removed from her back under local anesthesia. Which of the following families of cell adhesion molecules is the principal component of the \"provisional matrix\" that forms during early wound healing?","input":"Choices: ['Cadherins', 'Fibronectins', 'Integrins', 'Laminins']","output":"Fibronectins"} +{"instruction":"A 23-year-old woman with impaired pain and temperature sensation in her arms but normal light touch. ACT scan reveals dilatation of the central part of the spinal cord in the cervical region (syringomyelia) For the above patient with a neurologic condition, select the most likely associated findings.","input":"Choices: ['hyperkalemia', 'weakness and atrophy of the hands', 'hypokalemia', 'hypercalcemia']","output":"weakness and atrophy of the hands"} +{"instruction":"A person going to temple gets irresistable sense of idea to abuse. God which can't be resisted. Likely diagnosis is","input":"Choices: ['Mania', 'Obscessive-Compulsive Disorder', 'Schizophrenia', 'Delusion']","output":"Obscessive-Compulsive Disorder"} +{"instruction":"All are true about staing of b-Blocker therapy in a case of CHF except aEUR'","input":"Choices: ['They should be staed with optimal doses', 'They should be gradually increased over weeks', 'Special precautions should be taken in cases of NYHA class III and IV', 'Carvedilol and Metoprolol are the preferred drugs']","output":"They should be staed with optimal doses"} +{"instruction":"In ECG lead II, III, and aVF are abnormal. Which of the following vessel is blocked?","input":"Choices: ['Left coronary aery', 'Left anterior descending', 'Right coronary aery', 'Right circumflex aery']","output":"Right coronary aery"} +{"instruction":"Cholera transmission by -","input":"Choices: ['Food transmits', 'Vaccination gives 90% efficiency', 'Healthy carrier', 'Chlorination is nor effective']","output":"Food transmits"} +{"instruction":"All of the following GIT hormones belong to secretin family except","input":"Choices: ['Secretin', 'Glucagon', 'CCK', 'VIP']","output":"CCK"} +{"instruction":"Chromosomes are visualized through light microscope with resolution of:","input":"Choices: ['5 kb', '50 mb', '5 mb', '500 kb']","output":"5 mb"} +{"instruction":"A 60-year-old female presented to the OPD with complaints of left jaw pain along with fever. On examination, Poor dentition Area of purulent drainage in the mouth Right sided facial swelling Diffuse mandibular tenderness Medication history includes alendronate and lisinopril. Microscopic examination of the purulent secretions is done. What is the most appropriate drug for the above condition: -","input":"Choices: ['Penicillin', 'Azithromycin', 'Griseofulvin', 'Metronidazole']","output":"Penicillin"} +{"instruction":"Formication and delusion of persecution occurs together in abuse with:","input":"Choices: ['Cocaine', 'Amphetamine', 'Cannabis', 'LSD']","output":"Cocaine"} +{"instruction":"Both Oral and Nasal intubation are C\/I","input":"Choices: ['Laryngeal endema', 'CSF - Rhinorrhoea', 'Comastose patient', 'Acute Tracheo - Laryngo - bronchitis']","output":"Acute Tracheo - Laryngo - bronchitis"} +{"instruction":"Nematodes are differentiated from other worms by -","input":"Choices: ['Segmentation absent', 'Separate celomic cavity', 'Sexes separate', 'They are cylindrical']","output":"Segmentation absent"} +{"instruction":"Magnan's phenomenon occurs in addiction with which of the following?","input":"Choices: ['Alcohol', 'Cocaine', 'LSD', 'Opiates']","output":"Cocaine"} +{"instruction":"Iron source of poor man","input":"Choices: ['Soya', 'Orange fruit', 'Jaggery', 'Almond']","output":"Jaggery"} +{"instruction":"Route of admAdministratof BCG for bladder cancer is","input":"Choices: ['Oral', 'Subcutaneous', 'Intravenous', 'None of the above']","output":"None of the above"} +{"instruction":"The resistance of a population to infection and pathogen spread due to the immunity of a large presence of the population is known as?","input":"Choices: ['Resistance effect', 'Vicarious immunity', 'Herd immunity', 'Threshold immunity']","output":"Herd immunity"} +{"instruction":"Investigation of choice for torsion testis is","input":"Choices: ['Colour Doppler', 'MRI', 'CT', 'Routine USG']","output":"Colour Doppler"} +{"instruction":"All the following are TRUE of Ramsay-Hunt syndrome EXCEPT","input":"Choices: ['Viral aetiology', 'VII nerve involved', 'Ear ache is a symptom', 'Results of spontaneous recovery of facial nerve are 85%']","output":"Results of spontaneous recovery of facial nerve are 85%"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is not an indication for a class II\nactivator:","input":"Choices: ['Mandibular retrusion', 'Horizontal\/anterior type of mandibular growth', 'Crowding lower anteriors', 'Upright lower anteriors']","output":"Crowding lower anteriors"} +{"instruction":"A patient presents with pain in the thigh, relieved by aspirin. X-ray shows a radiolucent mass surrounded by sclerosis. Diagnosis is ?","input":"Choices: ['Osteoma', 'Osteoid osteoma', 'Osteoblastoma', 'Osteoclastoma']","output":"Osteoid osteoma"} +{"instruction":"Causative agent for the following lesion on Penis:","input":"Choices: ['Treponema pallidum', 'HPV', 'EBV', 'HHV6']","output":"HPV"} +{"instruction":"Spike in action potential of a nerve is due to which ions","input":"Choices: ['K+', 'Na+', 'Cl-', 'All of the above']","output":"Na+"} +{"instruction":"Pityriasis rosea clears with in?","input":"Choices: ['1-2 weeks', '2-4 weeks', '4-8 weeks', '6-12 weeks']","output":"6-12 weeks"} +{"instruction":"Length of the Fallopian tube is","input":"Choices: ['5 cms', '7 cms', '8.5 cms', '10 cms']","output":"10 cms"} +{"instruction":"Gettler test detects","input":"Choices: ['Magnesium content of blood in drowning', 'Weight of lungs in drowning', 'Chloride content of blood in drowing', 'All of the above']","output":"Chloride content of blood in drowing"} +{"instruction":"Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease is characterised by the altered expression of:","input":"Choices: ['Polycystin', 'Nephrocystin', 'Uromodulin', 'Fibrocystin']","output":"Fibrocystin"} +{"instruction":"The most characteristic finding In lichen planus is:","input":"Choices: ['Civatte bodies', 'Basal cell degeneration', 'Thinning of nail plate', 'Violaceous lesions']","output":"Basal cell degeneration"} +{"instruction":"Incidence can be calculated by -","input":"Choices: ['Prospective study', 'Retrospective study', 'Case control study', 'Cross-sectional study']","output":"Prospective study"} +{"instruction":"Proximal interphalangeal, distal interphalangeal & 1st carpometacarpal joint involvement and sparing of wrist is a feature of:","input":"Choices: ['Rheumatoid ahritis', 'Pseudogout', 'Psoriatic ahropathy', 'Osteoahritis']","output":"Osteoahritis"} +{"instruction":"Inclusion body in neuron is seen in:","input":"Choices: ['Rabies', 'Diphtheria', 'Yellow fever', 'Japanese encephalitis']","output":"Rabies"} +{"instruction":"Ventero lateral cordotomy for relief of pain in right lower limb due to cutting","input":"Choices: ['Left ventral spinothalamic tract', 'Left lateral spinothalamic tract', 'Right ventral spinothalamic tract', 'Right lateral spinothalamic tract']","output":"Left lateral spinothalamic tract"} +{"instruction":"An infectious disease shows the Iceberg phenomenon. This means it has","input":"Choices: ['More case fatality rate', 'More SAR', 'More subclinical cases', 'More complications']","output":"More subclinical cases"} +{"instruction":"A 35 years old man Ramu has fasting and post prandial blood sugar within normal limit but urine sugar is 3 plus (+++). The diagnosis is -","input":"Choices: ['Renal Glycosuria', 'Pancreatic insufficiency', 'Alimentary glycosuria', 'High carbohydrate diet taken in the morning']","output":"Renal Glycosuria"} +{"instruction":"True about cross section study-","input":"Choices: ['Prevalence study', 'Useful for chronic disease', 'Simple study', 'All of the above']","output":"All of the above"} +{"instruction":"Reflex hallucination is a morbid variety of:","input":"Choices: ['Kinesthesia', 'Parasthesia', 'Hyperesthesia', 'Synaesthesia']","output":"Synaesthesia"} +{"instruction":"In post trabeculectomy, shallow anterior chamber with increased IOP is due to all except","input":"Choices: ['Choroidal detachment', 'Suprachoroidal hemorrhage', 'Pupillary block', 'Malignant glaucoma']","output":"Choroidal detachment"} +{"instruction":"Methylcobalamin is required for which of the following enzymes:","input":"Choices: ['Homocysteine deaminase', 'Homocysteine methyl transferase', 'Methionine synthase', 'Methionine reductase']","output":"Methionine synthase"} +{"instruction":"Ventilation perfusion ratio is maximum at","input":"Choices: ['Posterior lobe of lung', 'Middle lobe', 'Apex of lung', 'Base of lung']","output":"Apex of lung"} +{"instruction":"Congenital larygeal stridor also know as","input":"Choices: ['Laryngeal web', 'Laryngomalocia', 'Laryngeal atenosis', 'Vocal cord palsy']","output":"Laryngomalocia"} +{"instruction":"Most common nerve injured in ligation of superior thyroid aery:","input":"Choices: ['Recurrent laryngeal nerve', 'Facial nerve', 'Mandibular nerve', 'External laryngeal nerve']","output":"External laryngeal nerve"} +{"instruction":"Vaginal wall is derived from","input":"Choices: ['Endoderm', 'Mesoderm', 'Endoderm and mesoderm', 'Ectoderm and mesoderm']","output":"Endoderm and mesoderm"} +{"instruction":"Rx of choice in postoperative lung collapse is ?","input":"Choices: ['Needle drainage', 'Coicosteroids', 'Pulmonary resection', 'Endoscopic suction']","output":"Endoscopic suction"} +{"instruction":"Extrachorial placentation increases risk of","input":"Choices: ['Abruptio placenta', 'Stillbirth', 'Intra-partum fetal acidosis', 'None of the above']","output":"None of the above"} +{"instruction":"The chance that a health worker gets HIV from an accidental needle prick is: March 2013 (b, h)","input":"Choices: ['0.30%', '20-30%', '3040%', '20%']","output":"0.30%"} +{"instruction":"Vocal cord is lined by","input":"Choices: ['Stratified columnar epithelium', 'Stratified squamous epithelium', 'Cuboidal epithelium', 'Pseudociliated columnar epithelium']","output":"Stratified squamous epithelium"} +{"instruction":"Point source epidemic tends to-","input":"Choices: ['Continue over one incubation period', 'Produce multiple peaks in the epidemic curve', 'Be explosive', 'Tail gradually']","output":"Be explosive"} +{"instruction":"A 25 year old male present with decrease in vision in both eyes following a viral illness. On examination he had mild decrease in visual acuity and paracentral scotomas. Examination of the fundus showed wedge-shaped parafoveal retinal lesions. What is he MOST likely suffering from?","input":"Choices: ['Serpiginous Choroidopathy', 'Birdshot Retinochoroidopathy', 'Acute Macular Neuroretinopathy', 'Acute zonal occult outer retinopathy']","output":"Acute Macular Neuroretinopathy"} +{"instruction":"ESPS is due to","input":"Choices: ['K+ influx', 'Na+ efflux', 'Na+ influx', 'Ca++ influx']","output":"Na+ influx"} +{"instruction":"Chemical name for estasy is -","input":"Choices: ['MDMA', 'MDHA', 'EDHA', 'MDAM']","output":"MDMA"} +{"instruction":"\"Double bubble\" sign with absent distal bowel air shadows on X-ray abdomen is characteristic of","input":"Choices: ['Duodenal webs', 'Duodenal atresia', 'CHPS', 'All of the above']","output":"Duodenal atresia"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is x-linked recessive -","input":"Choices: ['G-6-PD deficiency', 'Neurofibromatosis', 'Thalassemia', 'Alkaptonuria']","output":"G-6-PD deficiency"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following statements are True \/False? A. Listeria monocytogenes is a food borne pathogen B. Humans are probably accidental hosts for this microorganism C. Case-fatality rate of listeria meningitis is repoed to be 15-26% D. Granulomatosis infantiseptica is an overwhelming listerial fetal infection with miliary micro abscesses and granulomas E. Adults should receive IV ampicillin at high doses (2grams every 4hours)","input":"Choices: ['A,B,D True & C,E False', 'B,C,D,E True & A False', 'B,E True & A,C,D False', 'A,B,C,D & E True, None False']","output":"A,B,C,D & E True, None False"} +{"instruction":"Mantle cell lymphomas are positive for all of the following except-","input":"Choices: ['CD23', 'CD20', 'CD5', 'Cyclin D1']","output":"CD23"} +{"instruction":"All are associated with Wernicke\\'s encephalopathy except -","input":"Choices: ['Cog wheel rigidity', 'Alteration in mental function', 'VIth nerve palsy', 'Ataxia']","output":"Cog wheel rigidity"} +{"instruction":"40 year old obese lady with diabetes mellitus, hyperiglyceridemia, right upper quadrent pain and recurrent jaundice. What is seen in liver pathology -","input":"Choices: ['NASH', 'Microvesicular hepatosis', 'Peliosis Hepatits', 'Autoimmune hepatitis']","output":"NASH"} +{"instruction":"Hydrostatic test is done in ?","input":"Choices: ['Dry drowning', 'Wet drowning', 'Near drowning', 'Infanticide']","output":"Infanticide"} +{"instruction":"True about G-protein receptor complex","input":"Choices: ['It interacts transmembrane domain', 'GTP to GDP', 'Adenyl cyclase activation leads to increased cAMP', 'GPCR has no phosphorylation propey']","output":"It interacts transmembrane domain"} +{"instruction":"Interleukin secreted by macrophages, stimulating lymphocytes is:","input":"Choices: ['IL-1', 'INF alpha', 'TNF alpha', 'IL-6']","output":"IL-1"} +{"instruction":"TRUE about folic acid and vitamin B12 is all, except-","input":"Choices: ['Both are required for DNA synthesis', 'Recommended daily allowances for Folic acid is 1000 micro grams', 'Vegetarians have vitamin B 12 deficit', 'Deficiency of both causes megaloblastic anaemia']","output":"Recommended daily allowances for Folic acid is 1000 micro grams"} +{"instruction":"KRAS proto-oncogene is associated with","input":"Choices: ['Colon cancer', 'Breast cancer', 'Bladder cancer', 'Melanoma']","output":"Colon cancer"} +{"instruction":"Cholangiography T-tube done after how many days of cholecystectomy:","input":"Choices: ['1-5 days', '7-10 days', '10-14 days', '15-20 days']","output":"7-10 days"} +{"instruction":"Most common Vagal carcinoma is","input":"Choices: ['Squamous cell ca', 'Adenocarcinorna', \"Botroid's tumor\", 'Columnar hyperplasia']","output":"Squamous cell ca"} +{"instruction":"Mylohyoid muscle:","input":"Choices: ['Arises from hyoid bone', 'Developed from second pharyngeal arch', 'Depresses the hyoid', 'Elevates the hyoid']","output":"Elevates the hyoid"} +{"instruction":"Mechanism of action of thalidomide is: March 2013","input":"Choices: ['Antimicrobial', 'Antiemetic', 'Anti-allergic', 'Immunomodulation']","output":"Immunomodulation"} +{"instruction":"Problem of bias is maximum with -","input":"Choices: ['Coho study', 'Case study', 'Case control study', 'Experimental study']","output":"Case control study"} +{"instruction":"A 35-year-old pregnant female at 40 weeks gestational age presents with pain and regular uterine contractions every 4-5 min. On arrival, the patient is in a lot of pain and requesting relief immediately. Her cervix is 5 cm dilated. What is the most appropriate method of pain control for this parent?","input":"Choices: ['Intramuscular Morphine', 'Pudendal block', 'Local block', 'Epidural block']","output":"Epidural block"} +{"instruction":"All are secreted in the stomach except?","input":"Choices: ['Secretin', 'Hcl', 'Intrinsic factor', 'Mucous']","output":"Secretin"} +{"instruction":"All are tubal patency tests EXCEPT","input":"Choices: ['Tubal CO2 insufflation test', 'Laproscopy', 'Fern test', 'HSG']","output":"Fern test"} +{"instruction":"The vitamin A supplement administered in \"Prevention of nutritional Blindness in children programme\" contain","input":"Choices: ['25,000 IU\/ml', '1 Lakh IU\/ml', '3 Lakh IU\/ml', '5 Lakh IU\/ml']","output":"1 Lakh IU\/ml"} +{"instruction":"Triple ahrodesis does not involve September 2010","input":"Choices: ['Calcaneocuboid Joint', 'Talanovicular Joint', 'Talocalcaneal Joint', 'Tibiotalar Joint']","output":"Tibiotalar Joint"} +{"instruction":"In the grading of trachoma, trachomatous inflammation-follicular is defined as the presence of:","input":"Choices: ['5 or more follicles in the lower tarsal conjunctiva', '3 or more follicles in the lower tarsal conjunctiva', '5 or more follicles in the upper tarsal conjunctiva', '3 or more follicles in the upper tarsal conjunctiva']","output":"5 or more follicles in the upper tarsal conjunctiva"} +{"instruction":"Red colour blindness is called","input":"Choices: ['Protanopia', 'Deuteranopia', 'Protanomaly', 'Deuteranomaly']","output":"Protanopia"} +{"instruction":"Steroid is contraindicated in ?","input":"Choices: ['Herpetic keratitis', 'Atopic dermatitis', 'Fungal corneal ulcer', 'Exposure keratitis']","output":"Fungal corneal ulcer"} +{"instruction":"Periodic acid schiff stain shows Block positivity","input":"Choices: ['Myeloblasts', 'Lymphoblasts', 'Monoblasts', 'Megakaryoblasts']","output":"Lymphoblasts"} +{"instruction":"Principal cause of death in renal transplant patients?","input":"Choices: ['Uremia', 'Malignancy', 'Rejection', 'Infection']","output":"Infection"} +{"instruction":"Which Immunoglobulin provides natural passive immunity through the placenta to a newborn?","input":"Choices: ['IgA', 'IgG', 'IgE', 'IgD']","output":"IgG"} +{"instruction":"All are seen in 3\nrd \nnerve palsy except-","input":"Choices: ['Ptosis', 'Diplopia', 'Miosis', 'Outward deviation of eye']","output":"Miosis"} +{"instruction":"This tumour arises from:","input":"Choices: ['Epitympanum', 'Hypotympanum', 'Mesotympanum', 'Inner ear']","output":"Hypotympanum"} +{"instruction":"A 20 year old man presents with swelling of left lower limb and hydrocoele. All of the following may be the causative agent EXCEPT:","input":"Choices: ['Brugia malayi', 'Brugia timoria', 'Wuchereria bancrofti', 'Onchocerca volvulus']","output":"Onchocerca volvulus"} +{"instruction":"True about appendicular rupture is A\/E -","input":"Choices: ['Common in extremes of age', 'Common in people with fecolith obstruction', 'Early antibiotics prevent rupture', 'Appendicectomy is done always in presence of rupture']","output":"Early antibiotics prevent rupture"} +{"instruction":"The property of proteins to absorb ultraviolet rays of light is due to","input":"Choices: ['Peptide bond', 'Imino group', 'Di Sulphide bond', 'Aromatic amino acid']","output":"Aromatic amino acid"} +{"instruction":"Increased velocity of conduction in a nerve is ored by:","input":"Choices: ['Increased capacitance', 'Decreased capacitance', 'Increased resistance', 'All']","output":"Increased capacitance"} +{"instruction":"In urea synthesis, the amino acid functioning solely as an enzyme activator:","input":"Choices: ['N-acetyl glutamate', 'Ornithine', 'Citrulline', 'Arginine']","output":"N-acetyl glutamate"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following antibiotic acts by inhibiting cell wall synthesis","input":"Choices: ['Cefepime', 'Aminoglycoside', 'Erythromycin', 'Doxycycline']","output":"Cefepime"} +{"instruction":"A 40 year old male patient came for routine checkup. Patient is a smoker and has a sedentary lifestyle .General examination reveals truncal obesity. Physician warns the patient against the coronary heart disease chances. The physician is evaluating the risk factors which maybe all except:","input":"Choices: ['High blood pressure', 'Gender', 'Obesity', 'Hard water drinking']","output":"Hard water drinking"} +{"instruction":"Hypothermia in neonate is characterised by –a) Hyperactivityb) Hypoglycemia c) Apnead) Ted urinary output","input":"Choices: ['a', 'bc', 'ac', 'ad']","output":"bc"} +{"instruction":"All of the following amino acids forms acetyl CoA Pyruvate Dehydrogenase EXCEPT","input":"Choices: ['Glycine', 'Hydroxyproline', 'Tyrosine', 'Alanine']","output":"Tyrosine"} +{"instruction":"Cyclothymia is a type of ?","input":"Choices: ['Bipolar mood disorder', 'Major depression', 'Dysthymia', 'Persistant mood disorder']","output":"Persistant mood disorder"} +{"instruction":"Child with erythematous non-blanching bosselated lesion on right side of face, Treatment is","input":"Choices: ['Nd-YAG laser', 'Erbium laser', 'Q ruby laser', 'Flash light pumped dye laser']","output":"Flash light pumped dye laser"} +{"instruction":"hyperventilation may lead to ?","input":"Choices: ['tetany', 'respiratory alkalosis', 'metabolic acidosis', 'metabolic alkalosis']","output":"tetany"} +{"instruction":"HLA Complex in man is located on chromosome:","input":"Choices: ['5', '6', '7', '8']","output":"6"} +{"instruction":"Nerve supply of latissimus dorsi -","input":"Choices: ['Radial nerve', 'Long thoracic nerve', 'Thoracodorsal nerve', 'Axillary nerve']","output":"Thoracodorsal nerve"} +{"instruction":"Chandler's index is:","input":"Choices: ['Number of hookworm larva per gram of stool', 'Number of hookworm eggs per gram of stool', 'Number of hookworm per gram of stool', 'Number of E. coli in a water sample']","output":"Number of hookworm eggs per gram of stool"} +{"instruction":"Episodic hypertension is characteristic of:","input":"Choices: ['Carcinoid tumor', 'Insulinoma', 'Pheochromocytoma', 'Zollinger Ellison syndrome']","output":"Pheochromocytoma"} +{"instruction":"Scurvy is d ue to deficiency of -","input":"Choices: ['Vitamin C', 'Vitamin A', 'Vitamin K', 'Vitamin E']","output":"Vitamin C"} +{"instruction":"What is the most common cause of epiphora in newborn?","input":"Choices: ['Stenosed lacrimal punctum', 'Non-canalisation of nasolacrimal duct', 'Sinusitis', 'Ophthalmia neonatorum']","output":"Non-canalisation of nasolacrimal duct"} +{"instruction":"True about Hashimoto's thyroiditis is all except","input":"Choices: ['Patient can be hyperthyroid or even hypothyroid', 'Autoimmune disease', 'Commoner in males', 'Antithyroglobulin antibodies are characteristics']","output":"Commoner in males"} +{"instruction":"A patient presenting with painful Myositis Ossificans around Elbow. What should be the preferred treatment option in this case?","input":"Choices: ['Active mobilization', 'Passive mobilization', 'Infra-Red Therapy', 'Immobilization']","output":"Immobilization"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is a common side effect of cisplatin ?","input":"Choices: ['Diarrhea', 'Vomiting', 'Pulmonary fibrosis', 'Alopecia']","output":"Vomiting"} +{"instruction":"Antitubercular drug which is least hepatotoxic: September 2010","input":"Choices: ['Rifampicin', 'Pyrazinamide', 'Ethambutol', 'INH']","output":"Ethambutol"} +{"instruction":"High levels of HBeAg in serum indicates","input":"Choices: ['HBeAg is not seen in the serum', 'High infectivity of the virus', 'Low infectivity of the virus', 'Recovering stage']","output":"High infectivity of the virus"} +{"instruction":"Root value of sciatic nerve -","input":"Choices: ['S1S2S3', 'L4L5S1S2S3', 'L1L2L3', 'L2L3L4']","output":"L4L5S1S2S3"} +{"instruction":"Drug used in heparin overdose -","input":"Choices: ['Protamine sulfate', 'Phylloquinone', 'Ticlopidine', 'Clopidogrel']","output":"Protamine sulfate"} +{"instruction":"Antigen-antibody complex mediated hypersensitivity is -","input":"Choices: ['Type -1 hypersensitivity', 'Type -2 hypersensitivity', 'Type -4 hypersensitivity', 'Type -3 hypersensitivity']","output":"Type -3 hypersensitivity"} +{"instruction":"Best indicator of Endotracheal tube Extubation is","input":"Choices: ['Tin box index', 'Minute volume', 'Respiratory rate', 'Negative inspiratory pressure']","output":"Negative inspiratory pressure"} +{"instruction":"Not true about Chondroblastoma","input":"Choices: ['Chicken wire appearance', \"CODMAN's tumor\", 'Epiphyseal tumor', 'Treated by chemotherapy']","output":"Treated by chemotherapy"} +{"instruction":"Pregnancy is contraindicated in","input":"Choices: ['Hea transplantation', 'Mechanical valves', 'Pulmonary aerial hypeension', 'Marfan syndrome without aoic dilatation']","output":"Pulmonary aerial hypeension"} +{"instruction":"During a baseball game, the pitcher is hit in the left eye with a hard-hit line drive. He is rushed to the nearest emergency department where CT scan reveals left orbital rim and floor fractures and fluid in the left maxillary sinus. What are physical findings likely to include?","input":"Choices: ['Exophthalmos', 'Lateral diplopia', 'Cheek numbness', 'Epistaxis']","output":"Epistaxis"} +{"instruction":"All are true about the nasolabial cyst, except -","input":"Choices: ['Arises from odontoid epithelium', 'Presents submucosally in anterior nasal floor', 'Bilateral', 'Usually seen in adults']","output":"Arises from odontoid epithelium"} +{"instruction":"Which nerve is involved in Saturday night palsy -","input":"Choices: ['Axillary', 'Ulnar', 'Median', 'Radial']","output":"Radial"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is not a germ cell tumor?","input":"Choices: ['Embryonal cell cancer', 'Primitive Neuroendocrine tumor', 'Dysgerminoma', 'Teratoma']","output":"Primitive Neuroendocrine tumor"} +{"instruction":"The tissue of origin of the Kaposi's sarcoma is:","input":"Choices: ['Lymphoid', 'Vascular', 'Neural', 'Muscular']","output":"Vascular"} +{"instruction":"On ECG, ST segment elevation is seen in all of the following conditions except: March 2012","input":"Choices: ['Left ventricular aneurysm', 'Acute pericarditis', 'Myocardial infarction', 'Hypocalcemia']","output":"Myocardial infarction"} +{"instruction":"An 18 years old boy presents with digital gangrene in third and fourth finger for last 2 weeks. On examination the blood pressure is 170\/110 mm of Hg and all peripheral pulses were palpable. Blood and urine examinations were unremarkable. Antinuclear antibodies, Antibody to double standard DNA and antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody were negative. The most likely diagnosis is -","input":"Choices: [\"Wegner's granulomatosis\", 'Polyarteritis nodosa', \"Takayasu's arteritis\", 'Systemic lupus erythematosis (SLE)']","output":"Polyarteritis nodosa"} +{"instruction":"Lysozyme is present in","input":"Choices: ['Saliva', 'Human milk', 'Tears', 'Mucus']","output":"Saliva"} +{"instruction":"In CPR, chest compressions are done:","input":"Choices: ['On the upper part of sternum', 'On the xlphisterum', 'On the middle of the lower part of the sternum', 'On the left side of the chest']","output":"On the middle of the lower part of the sternum"} +{"instruction":"Selective protein loss is seen in -","input":"Choices: ['Celiac disease', 'Giardiasis', 'Lymphangiectasis', 'Tropical sprue']","output":"Lymphangiectasis"} +{"instruction":"In case of negative reinforcement, negative child becomes:","input":"Choices: ['Positive', 'Negative', 'More negative', 'None']","output":"More negative"} +{"instruction":"What is oligospermia?","input":"Choices: ['Sperm count < 20 million\/ c.mm', 'Absence of sperms', 'Absence of semen', 'Decreased spermatogenesis']","output":"Sperm count < 20 million\/ c.mm"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is an example of disorders of sex chromosomes?","input":"Choices: [\"Marfan's syndrome\", 'Testicular feminization syndrome', \"Klinefelter's syndome\", \"Down's syndrome\"]","output":"Klinefelter's syndome"} +{"instruction":"A 25 year old overweight female was given fentanyl-pancuronium anaesthesia for surgery. After surgery and extubation she was observed to have limited movement of the upper body and chest wall in the recovery room. She was conscious and alert but voluntary respiratory effort has limited. Her blood pressure and heart rate were normal. The likely diagnosis is –","input":"Choices: ['Incomplete reversal of pancuronium', 'Pulmonary embolism', 'Fentanyl induced chest wall rigidity', 'Respiratory depression']","output":"Incomplete reversal of pancuronium"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is ideal method of screening for secondaries lung:","input":"Choices: ['Chest X-ray', 'CT scan', 'MRI', 'Enzyme essay']","output":"CT scan"} +{"instruction":"Best imaging modality for diagnosis of Tubercular meningitis is?","input":"Choices: ['CE-CT', 'CE-MRI', 'PET', 'SPECT']","output":"CE-MRI"} +{"instruction":"PTH like substance is produced by which type of lung malignacy -","input":"Choices: ['Squamous cell carcinoma', 'Oat cell carcinoma', 'Adeno carcinoma', 'Large cell carcinoma']","output":"Squamous cell carcinoma"} +{"instruction":"Most common complication of intertrochanteric fracture femur is:(NEET 2013; WB 1999; AI 1998, 1988; DELHI 1997)","input":"Choices: ['Malunion', 'Non-union', 'Osteoarthritis', 'Nerve injury']","output":"Malunion"} +{"instruction":"True about fibroid is all except","input":"Choices: ['Pseudo capsulated', 'Slow growing', 'Least vascular periphery', 'Calcifications begins from periphery']","output":"Least vascular periphery"} +{"instruction":"What is the COMMONEST cause of death in diphtheritic child?","input":"Choices: ['IIIrd cranial nerve palsy', 'Myocarditis', 'Tonsillitis', 'Septicemia']","output":"Myocarditis"} +{"instruction":"Lady with abortus in uterus and dilated open Os, is suggestive of:","input":"Choices: ['Missed abortion', 'Threatened abortion', 'Complete abortion', 'Inevitable abortion']","output":"Inevitable abortion"} +{"instruction":"Filigree burns seen in","input":"Choices: ['Lightening', 'Electrocution', 'Vitriolage', 'Infanticide']","output":"Lightening"} +{"instruction":"All of the following process occur in Mitochondria, except:","input":"Choices: ['Gluconeogenesis', 'TCA cycle', 'Beta oxidation offatty acids', 'Fatty acid synthesis']","output":"Fatty acid synthesis"} +{"instruction":"Not true about population pyramid -","input":"Choices: ['India has broad base', 'India has narrow base', 'India has narrow apex', 'Developed countries have bulge in the center']","output":"India has narrow base"} +{"instruction":"According to Veau's classification of cleft lip and palate, isolated cleft palate falls under?","input":"Choices: ['Group I', 'Group II', 'Group III', 'Group IV']","output":"Group II"} +{"instruction":"In a A patient sustained trauma to left side of chest and abdomen. Fluid in the peritoneum & sign of hypotension was found on physical examination. Most probable diagnosis is?","input":"Choices: ['Splenic injury', 'Diaphragmatic injury', 'Rib fracture', 'Renal injury']","output":"Splenic injury"} +{"instruction":"A Lady presents with greenish discharge and strawberry cervix is due to infection of?","input":"Choices: ['Trichomonas vaginalis', 'Hemophilus vaginalis', 'Candida', 'Herpes simplex']","output":"Trichomonas vaginalis"} +{"instruction":"True about consensual light reflex is -","input":"Choices: ['Decussation of some fibres at optic chiasma is responsible for the consensual light reflex', 'Oculomotor nerve carries afferent signals', 'Decussation occurs at ciliary ganglion', 'All are true']","output":"Decussation of some fibres at optic chiasma is responsible for the consensual light reflex"} +{"instruction":"Maximum visual acuity in retina is present on","input":"Choices: ['Optic disc', 'Fovea centralis', 'Macula lutea', 'Peripheral part']","output":"Fovea centralis"} +{"instruction":"A two-year-old child presents with persistent diarrhea, acidic stools and presence of one percent of reducing substance in the fresh stools. What is the most probable diagnosis?","input":"Choices: ['Cystic fibrosis', 'Lactose intolerance', 'Rotavirus induced diarrhea', 'Intestinal tuberculosis']","output":"Lactose intolerance"} +{"instruction":"Oncogenic virus is:","input":"Choices: ['CMV', 'VZV', 'Polio virus', 'EBV']","output":"EBV"} +{"instruction":"Incestuous relationship between mother and son is called as?","input":"Choices: ['Oedipus complex', 'Electra complex', 'Family incest', 'None']","output":"Oedipus complex"} +{"instruction":"All the following are major criteria for diagnosis of rheumatic fever (RF) except","input":"Choices: ['Carditis', 'Polyahritis', 'Fever', 'Erythema marginatum']","output":"Fever"} +{"instruction":"To prevent Yellow Fever Aedes aegypti index should be less than","input":"Choices: ['0.50%', '1%', '2%', '5%']","output":"1%"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is not a feature of right hea failure?","input":"Choices: ['Jugular venous distension', 'Hepatomegaly', 'Basal crepitations', 'Ascites']","output":"Basal crepitations"} +{"instruction":"Resection of 90% of the ileum and jejunum causes all the following except -","input":"Choices: ['Hypogastrinemia', 'Steatorrhea', 'Anemia', 'Extracellular volume depletion']","output":"Hypogastrinemia"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is not an indicator of significant xerophthalmia problem in community?","input":"Choices: ['Night blindness >1%', \"Bitot's spots >0.05%\", 'Corneal ulcer>0.05%', 'None of the above']","output":"None of the above"} +{"instruction":"A 40-year-old patient is suffering from carotid body tumor. Which of the following is the best treatment for him?","input":"Choices: ['Excision of tumor', 'Radiotherapy', 'Chemotherapy', 'Carotid aery ligation both proximal and distal to the tumor']","output":"Excision of tumor"} +{"instruction":"In acoustic neuroma, cranial nerve to be involved earliest is -","input":"Choices: ['5', '7', '10', '9']","output":"5"} +{"instruction":"First line of antitubercular drug is:","input":"Choices: ['Streptomycin', 'INH', 'Ethambutol', 'Cephalosporins']","output":"INH"} +{"instruction":"Total lung capacity is ?","input":"Choices: ['2.4 L', '3.6 L', '6 L', '10 L']","output":"6 L"} +{"instruction":"Student- test is used as","input":"Choices: ['Parametric test based on variance', 'Non-Parametric test based on variance', 'Parametric test based on average', 'Nun-Parametric test based on average']","output":"Parametric test based on average"} +{"instruction":"The 4 A's of schizophrenia given by Blueler includes all the following except","input":"Choices: ['Ambivalence', 'Affect disturbance', 'Association disturbance', 'Auditory hallucination']","output":"Auditory hallucination"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following fibers reach Purkinje cells directly?","input":"Choices: ['Vestibular nuclei', 'Inferior olivary nucleus', 'Raphe nucleus', 'Locus coeruleus']","output":"Inferior olivary nucleus"} +{"instruction":"Ganser syndrome is Frequently seen in:","input":"Choices: ['Doctors', 'Rape victims', 'Prisoners', 'Lawyers']","output":"Prisoners"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is not found in meningococci?","input":"Choices: ['Peptidoglycan', 'Plasmid', 'Mitochiondria', 'Capsule']","output":"Plasmid"} +{"instruction":"The complication of using airotor at 30,000 rpm for impacted molar is","input":"Choices: ['Necrosis of bone', 'Tissue laceration', 'Tissue necrosis', 'Emphysema']","output":"Emphysema"} +{"instruction":"Treatment of Zollinger- Ellison syndrome include all except","input":"Choices: ['Proton pump inhibitors', 'Octreotide', 'Streptozotocin', 'Diazoxide']","output":"Diazoxide"} +{"instruction":"Lower oesophageal sphinter is relaxed by -a) Alcoholb) Caffeine \/ Tea c) Diazepamd) Antacid","input":"Choices: ['ab', 'bc', 'acd', 'abc']","output":"abc"} +{"instruction":"Smt. Pushpa is a suspected case of ovarian tumors. On laparotomy bilaterally enlarged","input":"Choices: ['Granulosa cell tumour', 'Krukenberg tumor', 'Dysgerminoma', 'Primary adenocarcinoma']","output":"Krukenberg tumor"} +{"instruction":"Hemoglobin Poland is best defined as","input":"Choices: ['Alpha 2 : Delta 2', 'Alpha 2 : Epsilon 2', 'Zeta 2 : Gamma 2', 'Zeta 2 : Epsilon 2']","output":"Zeta 2 : Gamma 2"} +{"instruction":"Mechanism of action of Tubocurarine is","input":"Choices: ['Cholinesterase inhibitor', 'Cause membrane depolarisation', 'Competitive antagonist of acetylcholine receptor', 'Inhibit opening of chloride channels']","output":"Competitive antagonist of acetylcholine receptor"} +{"instruction":"H-reflex is useful in diagnosing:","input":"Choices: ['L3 radiculopathy', 'L4 radiculopathy', 'L5 radiculopathy', 'S1 radiculopathy']","output":"S1 radiculopathy"} +{"instruction":"Bitter almond odour is percieved in poisoning with -","input":"Choices: ['Cobalt', 'Arsenic', 'Cyanide', 'Lead']","output":"Cyanide"} +{"instruction":"Alopecia aerate is presumed to be:","input":"Choices: ['Androgenic in nature', 'Autoimmune in etiology', 'Infective in etiology', 'Pa of lichenoid in spectrum']","output":"Autoimmune in etiology"} +{"instruction":"Nail bed of Index finger is supplied by:","input":"Choices: ['Ulnar Nerve', 'Radial Nerve', 'Median Nerve', 'All of above']","output":"Median Nerve"} +{"instruction":"All are essential amino acids except","input":"Choices: ['Glycine', 'Valine', 'Isoleucine', 'Tryptophan']","output":"Glycine"} +{"instruction":"The commonest systemic abnormality associated with renal cell carcinoma is ?","input":"Choices: ['Hypeension', 'Polycythemia', 'Elevated ESR', 'Pyrexia']","output":"Elevated ESR"} +{"instruction":"Holstein Lewis sign is related which nerve ?","input":"Choices: ['Median', 'Radial', 'Ulnar', 'Axillary']","output":"Radial"} +{"instruction":"True about measles outbreak ?","input":"Choices: ['Occurs if propoion of susceptible children is >20%', 'Infects 50% children in virgin community', 'Vaccination given at 6 months', 'Every 6-7 years']","output":"Vaccination given at 6 months"} +{"instruction":"Post-evacuation surveillance of molar pregnancy is done using","input":"Choices: ['AFP', 'b-hCG', 'LDH', 'CA 125']","output":"b-hCG"} +{"instruction":"Typhoid ulcer perforation mostly occurs in: March 2005, March 2013","input":"Choices: ['1 -2 week', '2 -3week', '3-4 week', '4 -5week']","output":"3-4 week"} +{"instruction":"A 37-year-old woman presents with shortness of breath on exertion. She has a past history of rheumatic fever as a child. On cardiac auscultation, there is a loud SI and a mid-to-late low- pitched diastolic murmur. You suspect she has mitral stenosis. Which of the following findings is most likely to be seen on the CXR in someone with mitral stenosis?","input":"Choices: ['general enlargement of the heart', 'Kerley B lines', 'attenuation of pulmonary arteries', 'straightening of the left heart border']","output":"straightening of the left heart border"} +{"instruction":"Child Turcotte Pugh score is used in","input":"Choices: ['Chronic liver disease', 'Chronic kidney disease', 'Hepatic encephalopathy', 'Uremic encephalopathy']","output":"Chronic liver disease"} +{"instruction":"Village Health Nutrition Day is observed -","input":"Choices: ['Every week', 'Every month', 'Every 6 month', 'Every year']","output":"Every month"} +{"instruction":"A 60-year-old patient presents with recurrent TIA episodes. Echocardiography shows candle flame sign. The probable etiology of the disease is?","input":"Choices: ['Senile calcification of hea valve', 'Rheumatic fever when he was a youth', 'Long-standing undiagnosed hypeension', 'Undiagnosed congenital condition']","output":"Rheumatic fever when he was a youth"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is not found commonly in Graves disease?","input":"Choices: ['Thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin (TSI)', 'Antibody against thyroglobulin', 'Antibody against thyroid peroxidase (TPO)', 'Antibody against thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)']","output":"Antibody against thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)"} +{"instruction":"Autoclave is\/are used for sterilization of:","input":"Choices: ['Wooden material', 'Metallic instrument', 'Plastic', 'Glasswares']","output":"Metallic instrument"} +{"instruction":"Most common site of gastric cancer is:","input":"Choices: ['Lesser curvature of stomach', 'Greater curvature of stomach', 'Fundus', 'Antrum']","output":"Antrum"} +{"instruction":"Best bone of the following to assess the age of a person between 20-50 years is","input":"Choices: ['Skull', 'Ribs', 'Sternum', 'Pubic symphysis']","output":"Pubic symphysis"} +{"instruction":"Rancid butter or cabbage-like smell in urine is seen in which of the following condition?","input":"Choices: ['Maple Syrup Urine Disease', 'Isovaleric Acidaemia', '3-Methylcrotonylglycinuria', 'Tyrosinaemia']","output":"Tyrosinaemia"} +{"instruction":"The bacterial drug resistance in tuberculosis results from :","input":"Choices: ['Transduction', 'Transformation', 'Plasmid mediated', 'Mutation']","output":"Mutation"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following antiretroviral drugs does not cause peripheral neuropathy?","input":"Choices: ['Lamivudine', 'Stavudine', 'Didanosine', 'Zalcitabine']","output":"Lamivudine"} +{"instruction":"A newborn presents with jaundice within 1st 24 hours. His mother's blood group is O +ve. Next line of management is?","input":"Choices: ['Wait for serum bilirubin level before staing treatment', 'Phototherapy', 'Exchange transfusion', 'Stop breast feeding']","output":"Phototherapy"} +{"instruction":"In the WHO recommended EPI cluster sampling for assessing primary immunization coverage, the age group of children to be surveyed is","input":"Choices: ['0-12 months', '6-12 months', '9-12 months', '12-23 months']","output":"12-23 months"} +{"instruction":"Drug of choice for acute exacerbation of ulcerative colitis is?","input":"Choices: ['Sulfasalazine', 'Mesalazine', 'Steroids', \"NSAID's\"]","output":"Steroids"} +{"instruction":"All of the following are true about Darier's disease except:","input":"Choices: ['Defect in calcium ATPase because of mutation in ATP2A2 gene', 'Corps ronds and corps grains are seen', 'Subepidermal blister', 'V-shaped nicking of nail is present']","output":"Subepidermal blister"} +{"instruction":"Not the signs of accidental injury in a child: CMC (Vellore) 10","input":"Choices: ['Subdural hematoma', 'Abrasion on the knees', 'Swelling in the occiput', 'Bleeding from the nose']","output":"Subdural hematoma"} +{"instruction":"Id, ego, superego are terms coined by ?","input":"Choices: ['Sigmand Freud', 'Bleuler', 'Moral', 'Kraepelin']","output":"Sigmand Freud"} +{"instruction":"A 80 year old patient presents with a midline tumor of the lower jaw, involving the alveolar margin. He is edentulous. Rx of choice is:","input":"Choices: ['Hemi mandibulectomy', 'Commando operation', 'Segmental mandiblectomy', 'Marginal mandibulectomy']","output":"Segmental mandiblectomy"} +{"instruction":"Shortest acting B-blocker is:","input":"Choices: ['Nebivolol', 'Carteolol', 'Esmolol', 'Timolol']","output":"Esmolol"} +{"instruction":"NSAID which undergoes enterohepatic circulation","input":"Choices: ['Phenylbutazone', 'Piroxicam', 'Aspirin', 'Ibuprofen']","output":"Piroxicam"} +{"instruction":"TH1 cells produced by?","input":"Choices: ['Memory T cells', 'Cytotoxic T cells', 'Helper T-cells', 'Suppressor T cells']","output":"Helper T-cells"} +{"instruction":"A 32 year old male presents with unilateral diminished vision in the right eye. On examination, there is mild iritis, vitritis and focal necrotic lesion is seen at macula. The most likely diagnosis is:-","input":"Choices: ['Multiple evanescent white dot syndrome', 'Ocular toxoplasmosis', 'Multifocal choroiditis', 'Ocular sarcoidosis']","output":"Ocular toxoplasmosis"} +{"instruction":"Drug of choice for treatment of gastrointestinal stromal tumors is:","input":"Choices: ['Rituximab', 'Imatinib mesylate', 'Anagrelide', 'Denileukin diftitox']","output":"Imatinib mesylate"} +{"instruction":"Most common site of berry's aneurysm is?","input":"Choices: ['Veebral aery', 'Basilar aery', 'Junction of anterior cerebral aery and anterior communicating aery', 'Posterior cerebral aery']","output":"Junction of anterior cerebral aery and anterior communicating aery"} +{"instruction":"Which has the highest cholesterol content?","input":"Choices: ['HDL', 'LDL', 'VLDL', 'Chylomicron']","output":"LDL"} +{"instruction":"Drug of choice for myoclonic seizures is","input":"Choices: ['Valproic acid', 'Phenytoin', 'Ethosuximide', 'Carbamazepine']","output":"Valproic acid"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following factors are present in the final common terminal complement pathway?","input":"Choices: ['C4', 'C3', 'C5', 'Protein B']","output":"C5"} +{"instruction":"Regarding vaginal candidiasis which one of the following is false:","input":"Choices: ['Cottage cheese like secretions are seen', 'Intense pruritus', 'Most common in non-pregnant women', 'Buds and hyphae seen in KOH preparation']","output":"Most common in non-pregnant women"} +{"instruction":"An antidepressant found to be associated with tardive dyskinesia and neuroleptic malignant syndrome is -","input":"Choices: ['Fluoxetine', 'Amineptin', 'Amoxapine', 'Trazodone']","output":"Amoxapine"} +{"instruction":"The Electron Microscopy is viually diagnostic in renal biopsy study of:","input":"Choices: [\"Goodpasture's syndrome\", 'Churg-Strauss syndrome', 'Alpo syndrome', \"Wegner's granulomatosis\"]","output":"Alpo syndrome"} +{"instruction":"Enzyme specifity is given by","input":"Choices: ['Km', 'Vmax', 'Both', 'None']","output":"Km"} +{"instruction":"The number of ATPs generated in krebs cycleare ?","input":"Choices: ['12', '24', '15', '30']","output":"24"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following distension media used in hysteroscopy causes fluid overload and electrolyte disturbances","input":"Choices: ['Carbondioxide', 'Glycine', 'Hyskon', 'Ringer Lactate']","output":"Glycine"} +{"instruction":"Lucid interval is classically seen in-","input":"Choices: ['Extradural hematoma', 'Acute subdural hematoma', 'Chronic subdural hematoma', 'Intraventricular hemorrhage']","output":"Extradural hematoma"} +{"instruction":"Differential cyanosis is seen in:","input":"Choices: ['ASD', 'VSD', 'PDA', 'All of the above']","output":"PDA"} +{"instruction":"Beta globin missense gene mutation seen in?","input":"Choices: ['Thalassemia', 'Sickle cell anemia', 'Hb Ba', 'HbH']","output":"Sickle cell anemia"} +{"instruction":"Most common nerve involvement in fracture surgical neck humerus -","input":"Choices: ['Axillary nerve', 'Radial nerve', 'Ulnar nerve', 'Median nerve']","output":"Axillary nerve"} +{"instruction":"Non contraceptive benefits of Oral contraceptive pills may be seen in all of the following conditions, except?","input":"Choices: ['Breast cancer', 'Endometriosis', 'Endometrial cancer', 'Rheumatoid ahritis']","output":"Breast cancer"} +{"instruction":"Fracture of base of first metacarpal joint without dislocation is called?","input":"Choices: ['Bennett', 'Rolando', 'Jones', \"Boxer's\"]","output":"Rolando"} +{"instruction":"Which form of plague can spread from person to person?","input":"Choices: ['Bubonic plague', 'Pneumonic plague', 'Septicaemic plague', 'None of the above.']","output":"Pneumonic plague"} +{"instruction":"True about dentition are all except","input":"Choices: ['Hypothyroidism causes delayed dentition', 'Premolar is not seen in primary dentition', 'Third molar is last to appear in secondary dentition', 'Canine is the first in primary dentition']","output":"Canine is the first in primary dentition"} +{"instruction":"Spherocytosis of BBC's is a common feature in -","input":"Choices: ['G-6P-D deficiency', 'Sickle cell anemia', 'CML', 'All']","output":"G-6P-D deficiency"} +{"instruction":"Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome","input":"Choices: ['Deletion', 'Break DNA', 'Balanced translocation', 'Balanced transcription']","output":"Balanced translocation"} +{"instruction":"A patient presents with jaundice, Physical examination reveals an enlarged nodular liver. CT of the abdomen shows a cirrhotic liver with a large mass. CT guided biopsy of the mass demonstrates a malignant tumor derived from hepatic parenchymal cells. Infection with which of the following viruses would most directly related to the development of this tumor?","input":"Choices: ['Epstein-Barr virus', 'Human Herpes virus type A', 'Human T-lymphocyte virus', 'Hepatitis B virus']","output":"Hepatitis B virus"} +{"instruction":"A 30 years old male reported with chief complaint of constant radiating, gnawing pain that is intensified by eating spicy foods and chewing. He also reported a \"metallic\" foul taste and an excessive amount of \"pasty\"saliva. A general examination revealed fever and increased pulse rate. Intra-oral examination showed punched-out, crater like depressions at the crest of the interdental gingival papillae, covered by a gray pseudomembranous slough, in the upper anterior teeth.\n\nThis infection is reported to have an increased incidence in","input":"Choices: ['Diabetes mellitus', 'HIV', 'Tuberculosis', 'Syphilis']","output":"HIV"} +{"instruction":"a drug that compete for active binding is called","input":"Choices: ['Competitive inhibitor', 'Non competitive inhibitor', 'Covalent inhibitor', 'Any of These']","output":"Competitive inhibitor"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following test is used to estimate the amount of fetal maternal hemorrhage:","input":"Choices: [\"Coomb's test\", 'Apt test', \"Liley's spectrophotometer\", 'Kleihauer betke test']","output":"Kleihauer betke test"} +{"instruction":"Ortolani's test is done in:","input":"Choices: ['CDH', 'Perthes disease', 'Posterior dislocation of hip', 'Septic arthritis']","output":"CDH"} +{"instruction":"Masaoka staging is used in","input":"Choices: ['RCC', 'HCC', 'Thymoma', 'Lymphoma']","output":"Thymoma"} +{"instruction":"The conversion of CO2 &H20 into carbonic acid in the formation of aqueous humour is catalyzed by which enzymes:","input":"Choices: ['Carboxylase', 'G6PD', 'Carbonic anhydrase', 'Carbonic deoxygenase']","output":"Carbonic anhydrase"} +{"instruction":"Characteristic features of Rokitansky - Kuster Hauser syndrome are all of the following except:","input":"Choices: ['Absent uterus', 'Absent vagina', 'Anovulation', '46 - XX']","output":"Anovulation"} +{"instruction":"In Tuberous sclerosis all are seen except:","input":"Choices: ['Ependymoma', 'Adenoma sebaceum', 'Giant cell astrocytoma', 'Sub ependymal nodules']","output":"Ependymoma"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following premalignant lesion has the highest potential of getting converted into malignancy?","input":"Choices: ['Apthous ulcer', 'Leucoplakia', 'Erythroplakia', 'Lichen planus']","output":"Erythroplakia"} +{"instruction":"Incision used in endomeatal approach to the ear ?","input":"Choices: ['Lempe I incision', 'Lempe II incision', \"Rosen's incision\", \"Wilde's incision\"]","output":"Rosen's incision"} +{"instruction":"Major adrenocortical hormone in blood is:","input":"Choices: ['Cortisol', 'Corticosterone', 'Aldosterone', 'Deoxy corticosterone']","output":"Cortisol"} +{"instruction":"True about Heymann rat glomerulonephritis -a) Heymann antigen is called megalin b) Electron dense deposits in subendothelial spacec) Electron dense deposits in mesangiumd) Subepithelial aspect of basement membrane have depositse) Antigen against bacterial and viral products","input":"Choices: ['b', 'c', 'ad', 'ab']","output":"ad"} +{"instruction":"An E Clylinder of oxygen contains approximately how many litres?","input":"Choices: ['500', '1200', '900', '680']","output":"680"} +{"instruction":"Non-inflammatory, non-neoplastic enlargement of the salivary gland is called as:","input":"Choices: ['Sialadentis', 'Sialosis', 'Ptyalism', 'Sialorrhea']","output":"Sialosis"} +{"instruction":"All of the following are tumor markers except","input":"Choices: ['Beta_ 2 macroglobulin', 'HCG', 'Alpha fetoprotein', 'CEA']","output":"Beta_ 2 macroglobulin"} +{"instruction":"The chromosomal karyotype in patau syndrome is","input":"Choices: ['47XX,+21', '46XX\\\\\/47XX,+18', '45XX,der(14;21)', '47XX,+13']","output":"47XX,+13"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is the characteristic pathologic feature of malignant hypeension?","input":"Choices: ['Hyaline aeriosclerosis', 'Fibrinoid necrosis', 'Medial wall hyperplasia', 'Micro-aneurysm']","output":"Fibrinoid necrosis"} +{"instruction":"Axis of upper limb passes through","input":"Choices: ['Capitulum', 'Trochlea', 'Olecranon', 'Radial styloid']","output":"Capitulum"} +{"instruction":"For a patient of hypertension on metoprolol, verapamil was given. This will result in:","input":"Choices: ['Atrial fibrillation', 'Bradycardia with AV block', 'Torsades de pointes', 'Tachycardia']","output":"Bradycardia with AV block"} +{"instruction":"Primordial germ cells originate in the","input":"Choices: ['Gonads at the 4th week of embryonic develpment', 'Epiblast at 2nd week of embryonic development', 'Gonads at 2nd month of embryonic development', 'Yolk sac at 4th week of embryonic development']","output":"Epiblast at 2nd week of embryonic development"} +{"instruction":"Contrast induced nephropathy defined as:","input":"Choices: ['Rise in Serum Creatinine by 0.5 mg in 48 hours', 'Rise in Serum Creatinine by 1 mg in 48 hours', 'Rise in Serum Creatinine by 1.5 mg in 48 hours', 'Rise in Serum Creatinine by 2 mg in 48 hours']","output":"Rise in Serum Creatinine by 0.5 mg in 48 hours"} +{"instruction":"Oral malodor is detected by","input":"Choices: ['Gas chromatography', 'Gas Laser', 'Perio-tron', 'Perio-scan']","output":"Gas chromatography"} +{"instruction":"Most conservative method of root end preparation is by:","input":"Choices: ['Round bur.', 'Sonic.', 'Ultrasonic.', 'Laser.']","output":"Laser."} +{"instruction":"Diversion of urinary bladder is best done at","input":"Choices: ['Jejunum', 'Ileum', 'Cecum', 'Colon']","output":"Ileum"} +{"instruction":"'Drooping water Lilly' sign is seen in:","input":"Choices: ['Splenic tumor', 'Liver tumor', 'Suprarenal mass', 'Upper pole renal mass']","output":"Upper pole renal mass"} +{"instruction":"True statements regarding falciparum malaria are all the following durgs except -","input":"Choices: ['Haemoglobinuria and renal failure', 'Hypoglycemia', 'Cerebral malaria', 'adequately prevented with chroloquine therapy']","output":"adequately prevented with chroloquine therapy"} +{"instruction":"The aicular cailage is characterized by all of the following features except :","input":"Choices: ['It is devoid of perichondrium', 'It has a rich nerve supply', 'It is avascular', 'It lacks the capacity to regenerate']","output":"It has a rich nerve supply"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is a serious and characteristic adverse effect of Metformin","input":"Choices: ['Lactic acidosis', 'Weight gain', 'Hypoglycemia', 'Dilutional hyponatremia']","output":"Lactic acidosis"} +{"instruction":"Apalutamide was approved by FDA recently for","input":"Choices: ['Prostate cancer', 'Breast cancer', 'Hypeension', 'HIV']","output":"Prostate cancer"} +{"instruction":"Choanal atresia is due to persistence of -","input":"Choices: ['Bucconasal membrane', 'Oropharyngeal membrane', 'Laryngo tracheal fold', 'Tracheoesophageal fold']","output":"Bucconasal membrane"} +{"instruction":"Definitive treatment of choice for Transposition of great vessels (TGA) is","input":"Choices: ['Atrial switch', 'Aerial switch', 'Atrial septostomy', 'Medical management']","output":"Aerial switch"} +{"instruction":"20-years-old male with history of RTA presents with breathlessness. Stratosphere sign on USG with M mode is seen. What is the probable diagnosis?","input":"Choices: ['Hemothorax', 'Pneumothorax', 'Cardiac tamponade', 'Pulmonary embolism']","output":"Pneumothorax"} +{"instruction":"Which is the drug of choice for malaria in a 26-year-old pregnant lady, in the first trimester?","input":"Choices: ['Proguanil', 'Chloroquine', 'Aemesin', 'Halofantarine']","output":"Chloroquine"} +{"instruction":"The most common condition of inherited blindness to mitochondrial chromosomal anomaly is","input":"Choices: ['Retinopathy of prematurity', \"Leber's Hereditary optic neuropathy\", 'Retinitis pigmentosa', 'Retinal detachment']","output":"Leber's Hereditary optic neuropathy"} +{"instruction":"CVP denotes pressure of: September 2005","input":"Choices: ['Left ventricle', 'Left atrium', 'Right ventricle', 'Right atrium']","output":"Right atrium"} +{"instruction":"In a lacerated wound the hair bulb is -","input":"Choices: ['Cut', 'Crushed', 'Both of the above', 'Lacerated']","output":"Crushed"} +{"instruction":"Hyoid bone is closely associated with","input":"Choices: [\"Ludwig's angina\", 'Thyroglossal cyst', 'Branchial cyst', 'Cystic hygroma']","output":"Thyroglossal cyst"} +{"instruction":"Tigered effect of heart is seen in","input":"Choices: ['Fatty change', 'Hyaline change', 'Amy', 'Atrophy']","output":"Fatty change"} +{"instruction":"Radical neck dissection involves removal of:","input":"Choices: ['Spinal accessory nerve', 'External juglar vein', 'Tail of parotid', 'All of the above']","output":"Spinal accessory nerve"} +{"instruction":"Tinea mannum effects","input":"Choices: ['Dorsuof hands', 'Palms', 'Nails', 'Foot']","output":"Palms"} +{"instruction":"A 62–year–old female, Phoolwati presents to the emergency with acute severe low back pain after too quickly sitting down onto a chair. She has a history of rheumatoid arthritis and bronchial asthma. She reports that she was on many medications for several years. X–ray shows a fracture of the fifth lumbar vertebra. Which of the following drugs are likely responsible for the patient's complaints ?","input":"Choices: ['Methotrexate', 'Prednisolone', 'Indomethacin', 'Salbutamol']","output":"Prednisolone"} +{"instruction":"True about Kaplan Meier analysis are all except:-","input":"Choices: ['It is a type of Survival analysis', 'Used as moality indicator', 'To see how patient survival is increasing\/benefitiing with treatment', 'Non-parametric statistic used to estimate the survival function from lifetime data']","output":"Used as moality indicator"} +{"instruction":"Postpartum lady after 48 hours of cesarean section, suffering from headache and signs of meningism. Headache gets relieved on lying down. Immediate treatment would be:","input":"Choices: ['Epidural blood patch', 'Do lumbar puncture', 'Foot end elevation', 'Sumatriptan']","output":"Epidural blood patch"} +{"instruction":"Condition not associated with bronchiectasis is?","input":"Choices: ['Pericarditis', 'Lung cancer', 'Amyloidosis', 'Hemoptysis']","output":"Lung cancer"} +{"instruction":"A 67 year old elderly male presents with headache, recurrent infections and multiple punched out lytic lesions of X-ray skull and lumbago for last 1 months.The investigadon that will be help in establishing a diagnosis is -","input":"Choices: ['Protein electrophoresis', 'Serum calcium', 'Alkaline phosphatase levels', 'PSA levels']","output":"Protein electrophoresis"} +{"instruction":"A child is having nocturnal asthmatic attack 2 times in a week, day time attack is 3 times or more, can be categorized as?","input":"Choices: ['Severe persistent asthma', 'Moderate persistent asthma', 'Mild intermittent', 'Mild persistent']","output":"Moderate persistent asthma"} +{"instruction":"QT prolongation is seen in all,except-","input":"Choices: ['Hypothermia', 'Digitalis toxicity', 'Hypocalcemia', 'Romanowand syndrome']","output":"Digitalis toxicity"} +{"instruction":"Field defect seen in papilledema -","input":"Choices: [\"Seidel's scotoma\", 'Constriction of peripheral fields', 'Centro-caecal scotoma', 'None of the above']","output":"Constriction of peripheral fields"} +{"instruction":"The most important regulator of serum 1,25 (OH)2 vitamin D concentration is:","input":"Choices: ['Serum calcium', 'Serum magnesium', 'Serum 25 (OH) vitamin D', 'Parathyroid hormone']","output":"Parathyroid hormone"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following condition is associated with meconium ileus?","input":"Choices: ['Fibrocystic disease of pancreas', 'Liver aplasia', 'Cirrhosis of liver', 'Malnutrition']","output":"Fibrocystic disease of pancreas"} +{"instruction":"Drug of choice for Neutropenia due to cancer chemotherapy is","input":"Choices: ['Vitamin B-12', 'IL 11', 'Filgrastim', 'Erythropoietin']","output":"Filgrastim"} +{"instruction":"Pupil in Ac attack of Ant. Uveitis is","input":"Choices: ['Semidilated', 'Large and fixed', 'Irregular & constricted', 'Constricted & sluggish reacting']","output":"Constricted & sluggish reacting"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following characterizes Atkins diet?","input":"Choices: ['Severly reduced fat content', 'Severly reduced carbohydrate content', 'Severly reduced protein content', 'Reduced mineral content']","output":"Severly reduced carbohydrate content"} +{"instruction":"The person whose work on the radical cure of hernia immortalised his name was -","input":"Choices: ['William Halsted', 'Eduardo Bassini', 'Mc Vay', 'Koontz']","output":"Eduardo Bassini"} +{"instruction":"Topical mitomycin-C is used in:","input":"Choices: ['Sturge-Weber syndrome', 'Laryngotracheal stenosis', 'Endoscopic angiofibroma', 'Skull base osteomyelitis']","output":"Laryngotracheal stenosis"} +{"instruction":"Pain during injection occurs with all Except","input":"Choices: ['Propofol', 'Thiopentone', 'Ketamine', 'Etomidate']","output":"Ketamine"} +{"instruction":"The most important mechanical property involved when a base metal partial denture clasp is adjusted is:","input":"Choices: ['Hardness', 'Elongation', 'Elastic limit', 'Tensile strength']","output":"Elongation"} +{"instruction":"Schistosoma haematobium is most commonly associated with which of the following bladder cancers?","input":"Choices: ['Squamous cell carcinoma', 'Adenocarcinoma', 'Small cell carcinoma', 'Transitional cell carcinoma']","output":"Squamous cell carcinoma"} +{"instruction":"The thick mucous coat is -","input":"Choices: ['Protective in ulcer patients', 'Not protective in ulcer patients', 'Easily destroyed by antacids', 'Commonly associated with carcinomatous change']","output":"Protective in ulcer patients"} +{"instruction":"The commonest cause of death in ARDS is:","input":"Choices: ['Hypoxemia', 'Hypotension', 'Non pulmonary organ failure', 'Respiratory failure']","output":"Non pulmonary organ failure"} +{"instruction":"Cleft lip surgery is earliest done at","input":"Choices: ['3 months', '6 months', '9 months', '12 months']","output":"3 months"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following disease with bird, ahropod and human chain","input":"Choices: ['Malaria', 'Japanese encephalitis', 'Paragonimus', 'Plague']","output":"Japanese encephalitis"} +{"instruction":"Type of respiration in morphine poisoning is:","input":"Choices: ['Slow', 'Rapid', 'Rapid shallow', 'Diaphragmatic']","output":"Slow"} +{"instruction":"Best for systemic aspergillosus infection ?","input":"Choices: ['Ketoconazole', 'Itraconazole', 'Fluconazole', 'Flucytocine']","output":"Itraconazole"} +{"instruction":"The earliest symptom of glomus tumor is -","input":"Choices: ['Pulsatile tinnitus', 'Hearing loss', 'Poly growth', 'Blood stained otorrhoea']","output":"Pulsatile tinnitus"} +{"instruction":"A 57-year- old lady came with chief complaints of fatigue. On fuher questioning, she reveals that she has gained 5 kg weight in one month. She has been taking L-thyroxine for hypothyroidism since 10 years and fairly controlled. Recently she was staed on an anti-arrhythmic drug for treatment of his cardiac condition. The symptoms staed after sta of this drug. Most likely anti-arrhythmic drug she was prescribed is?","input":"Choices: ['Lignocaine', 'Amiodarone', 'Procainamide', 'Verapamil']","output":"Amiodarone"} +{"instruction":"Burden of disease is given by -","input":"Choices: ['Incidence', 'Crude death rate', 'Cause specific death rate', 'Proportional mortality rate']","output":"Proportional mortality rate"} +{"instruction":"All of the following are true about Roll back malaria except:(AIIMS November 2013, Nov 2012)","input":"Choices: ['Insecticide treated mosquito nets', 'Strengthening health system', 'Development of newer insecticide', 'Training of health workers']","output":"Development of newer insecticide"} +{"instruction":"A 22 years males presented with fever hematuria and hypertension, IVP shows \"spider leg\" deformity. The diagnosis is","input":"Choices: ['Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD)', 'Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD)', 'Medullary sponge kidney', 'Hydronephrosis']","output":"Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD)"} +{"instruction":"Fluoride levels which can cause renal toxicity is","input":"Choices: ['Above 50 micromol\/litre', 'Above 20 micromol\/litre', 'Above 80 micromol\/litre', 'Above 5 micromol\/litre']","output":"Above 50 micromol\/litre"} +{"instruction":"A 22-year-old make presents with the following. His father was recently diagnosed with colorectal adenocarcinoma. What could be the possible diagnosis?","input":"Choices: ['Turcot syndrome', 'Peutz-Jeghers syndrome', \"Cowden's disease\", \"Gardner's syndrome\"]","output":"Gardner's syndrome"} +{"instruction":"Characteristic of Bacillus cereus food poisoning is?","input":"Choices: ['Presence of fever', 'Presence of pain in abdomen', 'Absence of vomiting', 'Absence of diarrhoea']","output":"Presence of pain in abdomen"} +{"instruction":"Constrictions in Esophagus are present at distance of (from incisor):","input":"Choices: ['12 cm', '25 cm', '28 cm', '36 cm']","output":"25 cm"} +{"instruction":"True about cold abscess","input":"Choices: ['Sign of acute inflammation present', 'Non - dependent incision is used', 'Suturing of wound is not done', 'Drain is placed']","output":"Non - dependent incision is used"} +{"instruction":"Neuroleptic malignant syndrome is caused by:","input":"Choices: ['Carbamazepine', 'Clonazepam', 'Haloperidol', 'Fluoxetine']","output":"Haloperidol"} +{"instruction":"Apoptotic bodies are -","input":"Choices: ['Clumped chromatin bodies', 'Pyknotic nucleus without organelles', 'Cell membrane bound with organelles', 'No nucleus with organelles']","output":"Cell membrane bound with organelles"} +{"instruction":"The following is an X-ray of a 13year old child presenting with difficulty in breathing and gradually developing respiratory compromise. What is the diagnosis?","input":"Choices: ['Kyphoscoliosis', 'Lordosis', 'Scheurmanns disease', 'Kochs spine']","output":"Kyphoscoliosis"} +{"instruction":"Retinoblastoma gene is located on:","input":"Choices: ['Chromosome 5', 'Chromosome 8', 'Chromosome 13', 'Chromosome 16']","output":"Chromosome 13"} +{"instruction":"Adverse reaction following whole cells peussis immunization is ?","input":"Choices: ['Fever', 'Ecessive cry', 'Local swelling', 'All of above']","output":"All of above"} +{"instruction":"Coombs positive hemolytic anemia is associated with:","input":"Choices: ['TTP', 'PAN', 'SLE', 'HUS']","output":"SLE"} +{"instruction":"2nd messenger in vagal bradycardia ?","input":"Choices: ['CAMP', 'Ca2+', 'DAG', 'None']","output":"CAMP"} +{"instruction":"In a woman presenting with amenorrhea headache, blurred vision and galactorrhea appropriate investigation:","input":"Choices: ['Prolactin levels', 'LH', 'FSH', 'HCG']","output":"Prolactin levels"} +{"instruction":"Abnormal plasma choline esterase produces apnea due to which of the following?","input":"Choices: ['Halothane', 'Lignocaine', 'Suxamethonium', 'Isoflurane']","output":"Suxamethonium"} +{"instruction":"Regarding synthesis of triacylglycerol in adipose tissue, all of the following are true except","input":"Choices: ['Synthesis from Dihydroxyacetone phosphate', 'Enzyme Glycerol Kinase plays an impoant role', 'Enzyme Glycerol 3 phosphate dehydrogenase plays an impoant role', 'Phosphatidate is hydrolyzed']","output":"Enzyme Glycerol Kinase plays an impoant role"} +{"instruction":"A 60 year old man presents with chest pain which last 6 hours and is diagnosed as acute myocardial infarction. Angiography showed involvement of anterior descending branch of left coronary artery The most probable site of infarct is-","input":"Choices: ['Anterolateral wall', 'Posterior wall', 'Inferior wall', 'Septal']","output":"Anterolateral wall"} +{"instruction":"All of the following are clinical features of myxoma,except -","input":"Choices: ['Fever', 'Clubbing', 'Hypertension', 'Embolic phenomenon']","output":"Hypertension"} +{"instruction":"All of the following are seen with heparin therapy except :","input":"Choices: ['Skin necrosis', 'Thrombosis and thrombocytopenia', 'Osteoporosis', 'Alopecia']","output":"Skin necrosis"} +{"instruction":"General Adaptation Syndrome {GAS} is seen in","input":"Choices: ['Panic Attacks', 'Depression', 'Anxiety', 'Stressful Situations']","output":"Stressful Situations"} +{"instruction":"Immediate treatment of hypercalcemia of malignancy is:","input":"Choices: ['IV fluids', 'Bisphosphonates', 'Calcitonin', 'Glucocorticoids']","output":"IV fluids"} +{"instruction":"A study was conducted to test if use of herbal tea played any role in prevention of common cold. Data was collected on the number of people who developed cold and those who did not develop cold and this data was tabulated in relation to whether they consumed Herbal tea or not.\\r\\n\\r\\n\\r\\n\\r\\n Herbal tea \\r\\nConsumed\\r\\nNot consumed\\r\\n\\r\\n\\r\\n Had cold \\r\\n12\\r\\n 23\\r\\n\\r\\n\\r\\n Did not have a cold \\r\\n 34\\r\\n38\\r\\n\\r\\n\\r\\n\\r\\n In order to study this above given test, which of the following analytical test can be used?","input":"Choices: [\"'Z' test\", 'Chi square test', 'Student -1 test (paired)', 'Student -1 test (unpaired)']","output":"Chi square test"} +{"instruction":"Vitamin B12 is absorbed in -","input":"Choices: ['Duodenum', 'Jejunum', 'Ileum', 'Colon']","output":"Ileum"} +{"instruction":"The povey line limit for rural areas is the purchasing capacity for a daily intake of 2400 calories per person. Which one of the following calorie limis is for urban areas?","input":"Choices: ['1900', '2100', '2400', '2800']","output":"2100"} +{"instruction":"A 14-years-old boy is not able to get good grades on 9th standard exam. But he is very sharp and intelligent. Best test to diagnose his problem:","input":"Choices: ['Child behavior checklist', \"Bhatia's battery\", 'Specific learning disability test', 'Child behavior battery']","output":"Specific learning disability test"} +{"instruction":"Commonest site for fibroid is :","input":"Choices: ['Submucous', 'Intramural', 'Subserous', 'Cervical']","output":"Intramural"} +{"instruction":"Dilatation of upper lobe veins is a reliable sign of:","input":"Choices: ['Cardiac decompensation', 'Pulmonary ht.', 'Emphysema', 'Silicosis']","output":"Cardiac decompensation"} +{"instruction":"The average value of total body water in a young man In....... % of body weight","input":"Choices: ['20-40', '30-50', '60-65', '90-96']","output":"60-65"} +{"instruction":"The following drugs can cause eosinophilic pneumonia except -","input":"Choices: ['Nitrofurantoin', 'Amiodarone', 'Sulfonamides', 'Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)']","output":"Amiodarone"} +{"instruction":"Traetment of Medullary Carcinoma thyroid","input":"Choices: ['Surgery and Radioiodine', 'Radiotherapy and chemotherapy', 'Surgery only', 'Radioiodine ablation']","output":"Surgery only"} +{"instruction":"Thickness of lead apron to prevent radiation:","input":"Choices: ['1 mm', '3 mm', '0.5 mm', '7 mm']","output":"0.5 mm"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following imaging techniques is best able to measure regional brain substrate uptake and metabolic kinetics?","input":"Choices: ['magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)', 'computed tomography (CT)', 'positron emission tomography (PET)', 'serial thallium scintigrams']","output":"positron emission tomography (PET)"} +{"instruction":"Most common site of GIST is -","input":"Choices: ['Ileum', 'Esophagus', 'Colon', 'Stomach']","output":"Stomach"} +{"instruction":"Legal age by w hich fetus is capable of independent existence is -","input":"Choices: ['240 days', '230 days', '220 days', '210 days']","output":"210 days"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following ocular conditions is autosomal dominant in inheritance:","input":"Choices: ['Best disease', 'Gyrate atrophy', 'Lawrence-Moon-Biedel syndrome', 'Bassen Kornzweig disease']","output":"Best disease"} +{"instruction":"Ropy discharge is seen in -","input":"Choices: ['Trachoma', 'Vernal conjunctivitis', 'Corneal ulcer', 'Epidemickeratoconjunctivits']","output":"Vernal conjunctivitis"} +{"instruction":"Hypopyon ulcer may be produced by:","input":"Choices: ['Pneumococcus', 'Pseudomonas', 'Gonococcus', 'All of the above']","output":"All of the above"} +{"instruction":"Ileocecal tuberculosis is associated with:","input":"Choices: ['Megaloblastic anemia :', 'Iron deficiency anemia', 'Sideroblastic anemia', 'Normocytic normochromic anemia']","output":"Megaloblastic anemia :"} +{"instruction":"The 'catalytic triad' in the active centre of proteases contains the following amino acids?","input":"Choices: ['Ser, Lys, Arg', 'Ser, His, Asp', 'His, Phe, Trp', 'None of the above']","output":"Ser, His, Asp"} +{"instruction":"Extracellular fluid volume most commonly increases in which of the following conditions","input":"Choices: ['Cardiac disorders', 'Hepatic disorders', 'Renal diseases', 'All of these']","output":"All of these"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following drugs is topoisomerase I inhibitor?","input":"Choices: ['Doxorubicin', 'Irinotecan', 'Etoposide', 'Vincristine']","output":"Irinotecan"} +{"instruction":"7 years old child with peritonsillar abscess presents with trismus, the best treatment is -","input":"Choices: ['Immediate abscess drain orally', 'Drainage externally', 'Systemic antibiotics up to 48 hours then drainage', 'Tracheostomy']","output":"Systemic antibiotics up to 48 hours then drainage"} +{"instruction":"A 2yr old child was brought to ER after drinking a disinfectant liquid. On examination, he was in coma, pupils constricted, pulse 120\/min; respiratory rate:-40\/min, urine was few and it&;s colour changed to green on exposure to air. What is the diagnosis","input":"Choices: ['Atropine', 'Organophosphates', 'Nitric acid', 'Carbolic acid']","output":"Carbolic acid"} +{"instruction":"Criteria for diagnosis of HELLP syndrome are all , EXCEPT ?","input":"Choices: ['Hemolysis', 'SGOT > 72 IU\/L', 'Convulsions', 'Platelets < 1 lakh\/mm3']","output":"Convulsions"} +{"instruction":"Lady has B\/L hearing loss since 4 years which worsened during pregnancy. Type of impedence auditometry graph will be -","input":"Choices: ['Ad', 'As', 'B', 'C']","output":"As"} +{"instruction":"Fistula tests stimulates","input":"Choices: ['Lateral semicircular canal', 'Posterior semicircular canal', 'Round window', 'Anterior semicircular canal']","output":"Lateral semicircular canal"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following chromosome contain BRCA1 gene?","input":"Choices: ['17', '18', '20', '21']","output":"17"} +{"instruction":"Central aery of Retina is branch of","input":"Choices: ['External carotid aery', 'Internal carotid aery', 'Ophthalmic aery', 'Basilar aery']","output":"Ophthalmic aery"} +{"instruction":"A 30 yrs woman 2+0, hypertension have menorrhagia. Which is the best treatment for her -","input":"Choices: ['Combined pills', 'MIRENA', 'Hysterectomy', 'Transcervical resection of endometrium']","output":"MIRENA"} +{"instruction":"Under transplantation of humans organs act, the punishment for the doctor involved is","input":"Choices: ['< 1 year', '< 2 years', '2-5 years', '> 5 years']","output":"2-5 years"} +{"instruction":"Mechanism of action of Nitric oxide is through :","input":"Choices: ['cGMP', 'cAMP', 'Ca++', 'Tyrosine']","output":"cGMP"} +{"instruction":"A study is conducted involving persons with LDL cholesterol levels above 160 mg\/dL. They are found to have increased oxidized LDL deposited in their arteries. As a consequence, the arterial lumen, particularly at branch points, is decreased in size. Which of the following is the most likely pathologic change that develops initially in these areas of arterial narrowing?","input":"Choices: ['Endothelial cell disruption', 'Intimal thickening', 'Lymphocytic infiltrates', 'Platelet aggregation']","output":"Intimal thickening"} +{"instruction":"Type 1 diabetes in children is most commonly associated with","input":"Choices: ['Obesity', 'Celiac disease', 'Downs syndrome', 'Hypothyroidism']","output":"Celiac disease"} +{"instruction":"In non-rheumatic atrial fibrillation, true is?","input":"Choices: ['Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation is associated with a lower risk of stroke', 'The risk of stroke ii less than in atrial fibrillation due to rheumatic valve disease', 'Excess alcohol intake is an unlikely cause', 'Cardioversion may be performed without anticoagulation if a transthoracic echocardiogram is normal']","output":"The risk of stroke ii less than in atrial fibrillation due to rheumatic valve disease"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following vessel is most commonly involved in hemorrhage from duodenal ulcer?","input":"Choices: ['SMA', 'IVC', 'Gastroduodenal aery', 'Right Gastroepiploic aery']","output":"Gastroduodenal aery"} +{"instruction":"Periodontal flap surgery is most difficult in:","input":"Choices: ['Incisors (facially)', 'Incisors (lingually)', '2nd molars (facially)', '2nd molars (distally)']","output":"2nd molars (distally)"} +{"instruction":"Antagonism between acetylcholine and atropine","input":"Choices: ['Competitive antagonism', 'Psychological antagonism', 'Non-competitive antagonism', 'None']","output":"Competitive antagonism"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is not true of the following test:","input":"Choices: ['Induction of nystagmus by thermal stimulation', 'Normally cold water induces nystagmus to opposite side and warm water to same side', 'In canal paresis there is no nystagmus', 'Stimulates posterior semicircular canal']","output":"Stimulates posterior semicircular canal"} +{"instruction":"All are risk factors for the development of surgery associated chronic kidney disease, EXCEPT:","input":"Choices: ['Older age', 'CCF', 'Emergency procedures', 'Spinal anaesthesia']","output":"Spinal anaesthesia"} +{"instruction":"Key enzyme of gluconeogenesis are all except?","input":"Choices: ['Pyruvate carboxylase', 'PEP carboxykinase', 'Pyruvate kinase', 'Glucose-6-phosphatase']","output":"Pyruvate kinase"} +{"instruction":"Contraceptive efficacy measured by -","input":"Choices: ['Pearl index', 'CPR', 'BBT method', 'Cervical mucous method']","output":"Pearl index"} +{"instruction":"Phosphorous-32 emits:","input":"Choices: ['Beta paicles', 'Alfa paicles', 'Neutrons', 'X-rays']","output":"Beta paicles"} +{"instruction":"The below symbol represent a group which fights against","input":"Choices: ['Tobacco', 'Cannabis', 'Alcohol', 'Cocaine']","output":"Alcohol"} +{"instruction":"The optimal position of the ankle to avoid ankylosis is","input":"Choices: ['Slight plantar flexion', 'Slight plantar extension', 'Slight dorsiflexion', 'Slight inversion']","output":"Slight plantar flexion"} +{"instruction":"Amino acid responsible for Thioredoxin reductase activation:","input":"Choices: ['Serine', 'Selenocysteine', 'Cysteine', 'Alanine']","output":"Selenocysteine"} +{"instruction":"Which is not true about spinal anesthesia?","input":"Choices: ['Useful for lower limb surgery', 'Produces complete sensory and motor paralysis below the level', 'Autonomic fibers are effected above the sensory level', 'It produces more hemodynamic alteration than epidural anesthesia']","output":"Produces complete sensory and motor paralysis below the level"} +{"instruction":"Most failures in maintaining adequate plaque removal results from failure in patient","input":"Choices: ['Recalls', 'Training', 'Education', 'Motivation']","output":"Motivation"} +{"instruction":"A 25-year-old woman in the last trimester of her first pregnancy presents for a routine obstetric evaluation. Her blood pressure is 160\/100 mm Hg, and her pulse is 75 per minute. Physical examination shows pitting edema of the extremities. Urinalysis demonstrates 3+ proteinuria. Which of the following is the most dangerous complication of preeclampsia in this patient?","input":"Choices: ['Amniotic fluid embolism', 'Chorioamnionitis', 'Choriocarcinoma', 'Disseminated intravascular coagulation']","output":"Disseminated intravascular coagulation"} +{"instruction":"All are relevant in compament syndrome except:","input":"Choices: ['Fasciotomy', 'Splitting of tight pop cast', 'Reexploration', 'Exercise']","output":"Exercise"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following sterilizing agent used is sporicidal, antibacterial, antifungal and virucidal","input":"Choices: ['Phenol', 'Alcohol', 'Halogens', 'Glutaraldehyde']","output":"Glutaraldehyde"} +{"instruction":"The 'knot' in judicial hanging is usually placed at:","input":"Choices: ['Behind the neck', 'Side of the neck', 'Below the chin', 'Choice of hangman']","output":"Side of the neck"} +{"instruction":"A 40-year-old diabetic woman complains of flank pain and fever. Her temperature is 38.7degC (103degF), respirations are 25 per minute, and blood pressure is 150\/90 mm Hg. Urinalysis reveals pyuria with WBC casts. Which of the following features of diabetes is the most impoant contributing factor in development of flank pain and fever in this patient?","input":"Choices: ['Anti-insulin antibodies', 'Glycosylation of hemoglobin', 'Peripheral insulin resistance', 'Hyperglycemia']","output":"Hyperglycemia"} +{"instruction":"If alternate of medicine were accepted as a modality of therapy, then 'Yoga' would be best described as a form of-","input":"Choices: ['Physiotherapy', 'Preventive Medicine', 'Emergency Medicine', 'Caloric usurper']","output":"Preventive Medicine"} +{"instruction":"A 57-year-old man is referred for assessment of his low serum sodium of 125 mEq\/L. On examination, he has pitting edema and elevated neck veins. His urine sodium is 10 mEq\/L and urine osmolality 350 mOsm\/kg.For the above patient with hyponatremia, select the most likely diagnosis.","input":"Choices: ['congestive heart failure (CHF)', 'extrarenal sodium and fluid losses', 'SIADH', 'polydipsia']","output":"congestive heart failure (CHF)"} +{"instruction":"An adult patient weighting 70 kg has fasting blood sugar 180 mg\/dl. He is having","input":"Choices: ['Ketoacidosis', 'Hypoglycemia', 'Hyperglycemia', 'Thyroidism']","output":"Hyperglycemia"} +{"instruction":"In the grading of Trachoma, Trachomatous Inflammation-follicular is defined as the presence of","input":"Choices: ['Five or more follicles in the upper tarsal conjunctiva', 'Five or more follicles in the lower tarsal conjunctiva', 'Three or more follicles in the lower tarsal conjunctiva', 'Three or more follicles in the upper tarsal conjunctiva']","output":"Five or more follicles in the upper tarsal conjunctiva"} +{"instruction":"Ectopic ACTH production is seen in","input":"Choices: ['Small cell carcinoma is lung', 'Anaplastic carcinoma of lung', 'Squamous cell carcinoma of lung', 'Adenocarcinoma of cerebellum']","output":"Small cell carcinoma is lung"} +{"instruction":"In A, injury to aoa causing aoic rupture is most commonly seen in?","input":"Choices: ['Pedestrian', 'Mototcyclist', 'Car driver', 'Person accompanying car driver']","output":"Car driver"} +{"instruction":"Cat scratch disease is caused by","input":"Choices: ['Moraxella', 'Bartonella', 'Pseudomonas', 'Kochalimala']","output":"Bartonella"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is not a feature of gastrinoma?","input":"Choices: ['Recurrent duodenal ulcer', 'Diarrhoea', 'Ulcer at unusual sites', 'Massive HCL secretion in response to histamine injection']","output":"Massive HCL secretion in response to histamine injection"} +{"instruction":"All of the following are Digastric muscles, except?","input":"Choices: ['Muscle fibers in the ligament of Treitz', 'Omohyoid', 'Occipitofrontalis', 'Sternocleidomastoid']","output":"Sternocleidomastoid"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is hallucinogenic?","input":"Choices: ['Codeine', 'Cocaine', 'Papaverine', 'Steroid']","output":"Cocaine"} +{"instruction":"Fear of strangers -","input":"Choices: ['Algophobia', 'Xenophobia', 'Mysophobia', 'Thanatophobia']","output":"Xenophobia"} +{"instruction":"Type I Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis is commonly associated with all except?","input":"Choices: ['SLE', 'Hepatitis C infections', 'Captopril', 'Neoplastic']","output":"Captopril"} +{"instruction":"The main reservoir for Entamoeba histolytica is -","input":"Choices: ['Man', 'Diy water', 'Soil', 'Ponds']","output":"Man"} +{"instruction":"Each of the following is a feature of papillary hyperplasia except one. Which one is not true?","input":"Choices: ['It is a proliferative bone disease', 'It can be caused by wearing the dentures at night', 'It can be caused by poor oral hygiene', 'It can be caused by an ill-fitting denture']","output":"It is a proliferative bone disease"} +{"instruction":"True is all except about Acid-Base disorder","input":"Choices: ['pH determined by Pco2 and HCO3', 'Respiratory acidosis is compensated by HCO3', 'Metabolic acidosis is compensated by Pco2', 'Buffering may be intra & extra cellular']","output":"Respiratory acidosis is compensated by HCO3"} +{"instruction":"Following is a characteristic histopathological finding in which disease","input":"Choices: ['I Cell disease', 'Gauchers disease', \"Wolman's disease\", 'Metachromatic leukodystrophy']","output":"Wolman's disease"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following conditions characterised by episodes of excessive and uncontrolled eating -","input":"Choices: ['Anorexia nervosa', 'Bulimia nervosa', 'Body dysmorphobia', 'All of the above']","output":"Bulimia nervosa"} +{"instruction":"Golden period of eye donation ?","input":"Choices: ['6 hours', '12 hours', '18 hours', '24 hours']","output":"6 hours"} +{"instruction":"Beta agonist used in bronchial asthma exe their action by-","input":"Choices: ['Selective b1 agonism', 'Selective b2 agonism', 'Selective b1 antagonism', 'Selective b2 antagonism']","output":"Selective b2 agonism"} +{"instruction":"A normal bom child presents with mental retardation, blond hair and convulsions at 1 year of age. Most probable diagnosis is?","input":"Choices: ['Albuminuria', 'Phenylketonuria', \"Gaucher's disease\", 'Tyrosinemia']","output":"Phenylketonuria"} +{"instruction":"The classical example of muscular violence is","input":"Choices: ['of fibula', 'of patella', 'of clavicle', 'all of the these']","output":"of patella"} +{"instruction":"Antidiabetic drug with insulin independent action is ?","input":"Choices: ['SGLT2 inhibitor', 'DPP4 inhibitor', 'Meglitinide analogues', 'GLP1 agonist']","output":"SGLT2 inhibitor"} +{"instruction":"Mechanism of action of Oxybutynin?","input":"Choices: ['Cholinergic', 'Anticholinergic', 'Adrenergic', 'Selectively inhibits M2 receptor']","output":"Anticholinergic"} +{"instruction":"All of the following drugs act by blocking calcium channel except","input":"Choices: ['Dantrolene', 'Nicardipine', 'Diltiazem', 'Verapamil']","output":"Dantrolene"} +{"instruction":"Carcinoma which arises in the thyroglosal cyst is -","input":"Choices: ['Papillary carcinoma', 'Follicular', 'Anaplastic', 'Medullary']","output":"Papillary carcinoma"} +{"instruction":"16 year old boy presents to emergency with injury to his right index finger tip with glass piece. Which of the following radiological modality is best used for determination of glass piece in patient's finger?","input":"Choices: ['X-Ray', 'USG', 'CT Scan', 'MRI']","output":"X-Ray"} +{"instruction":"Approximate time, at the end of which the quantity, of ATP within ischemic cardiac myocytes is reduced to 10% of original is","input":"Choices: ['<2 minutes', '10 minutes', '20 minutes', '40 minutes']","output":"40 minutes"} +{"instruction":"Adrenal hyperplasia due to 21 hydroxylase deficiency is treated with low dose –","input":"Choices: ['Androgen', 'Estrogen', 'Cortisone', 'Anti – androgen']","output":"Cortisone"} +{"instruction":"The surgeon who introduced catgut in surgery was ?","input":"Choices: ['Astley Cooper', 'Lord Lister', 'John Hunter', 'Syme']","output":"John Hunter"} +{"instruction":"\"River blindness\" is caused by:","input":"Choices: ['Onchocera-Volvulus', 'Schistoma haematobium', 'Fasciola hepatica', 'Opisthorchis-viverrini']","output":"Onchocera-Volvulus"} +{"instruction":"Acid phosphatase is associated with","input":"Choices: ['T-lymphocyte', 'B-lymphocyte', 'Myelocyte', 'Monocytes']","output":"Monocytes"} +{"instruction":"Bartholin glands are related to vagina -","input":"Choices: ['Lateral wall', 'Posterior wall', 'Anterior wall', 'None']","output":"Lateral wall"} +{"instruction":"The screening strategy for prevention of blindness from diabetic retinopathy according to the NPCB involves -","input":"Choices: ['Opportunistic screening', 'High risk screening', 'Mass screening', 'Screening by Primary Care Physician']","output":"High risk screening"} +{"instruction":"Macrocytic anemia is seen in all EXCEPT","input":"Choices: ['Vitamin B12 deficiency', 'Hemolytic anemia', 'Post hemorrhagic anemia', 'Anemia of chronic disease']","output":"Anemia of chronic disease"} +{"instruction":"Most emetogenic drug is aEUR'","input":"Choices: ['Cisplatin', 'Carboplatin', 'High dose cyclophosphamide', 'High dose methotrexate']","output":"Cisplatin"} +{"instruction":"A child with fever presents with multiple tender erythematous skin lesions. n microscopic examination the skin lesions are seen to have neutrophilic infiltration in the dermis. What is the diagnosis -","input":"Choices: ['Sweet syndrome', \"Behcet's syndrome\", 'Pyoderma gangrenosum', 'Juvenile dermatosis']","output":"Sweet syndrome"} +{"instruction":"True statement about ASOM is:","input":"Choices: ['Most frequently it resolves without sequelae', 'Commonly follows painful parotitis', 'Radical mastoidectomy is required for treatment', 'Most common organism is Pseudomonas']","output":"Most frequently it resolves without sequelae"} +{"instruction":"Advanced bone age is seen in all except","input":"Choices: [\"Marfan's syndrome\", 'Congenital adrenal hyperplasia', 'Precocious puberty', 'Obesity']","output":"Marfan's syndrome"} +{"instruction":"Botulinum toxin produces skeletal muscle paralysis by","input":"Choices: ['Enhancing release of norepine phrine', 'Inhibiting release of acetylcholine', 'Direct damage to nerve endings', 'Producing hemolysis']","output":"Inhibiting release of acetylcholine"} +{"instruction":"Chronic lymphedema of limb is predisposed to all of the following except:","input":"Choices: ['Thickening of the skin', 'Recurrent soft tissue infections', \"Marjolin's ulcer\", 'Sarcoma']","output":"Marjolin's ulcer"} +{"instruction":"False about optic nerve glioma","input":"Choices: [\"May be a part of von recklinghausen's disease\", 'Unilateral axial proptosis', 'Most common primary orbital tumour among children', 'CT shows fusiform enlargement of optic nerve']","output":"Most common primary orbital tumour among children"} +{"instruction":"The mechanism of antibacterial action of cephalosporins involves :","input":"Choices: ['Inhibition of the synthesis of precursors of peptidoglycan', 'Interference with the synthesis of ergosterol', 'Inhibition of transpeptidation reaction', 'Inhibition of beta-lactamase']","output":"Inhibition of transpeptidation reaction"} +{"instruction":"Scrambled egg appearance is seen in -","input":"Choices: ['Carcinoma stomach', 'Carcinoma galll bladder', 'Pancreatic carcinoma', 'Renal carcinoma']","output":"Pancreatic carcinoma"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is NOT a \"Chemoattractant\".","input":"Choices: ['Leukotriene B 4', 'IL8', 'C5a', 'C3']","output":"C3"} +{"instruction":"Risk of adverse effects of SCOLINE is greater in","input":"Choices: ['Spinal cord injury', 'Thoracic injury', 'Bone injury', 'Head injury']","output":"Spinal cord injury"} +{"instruction":"Weakness of extensor Hallucis longus is due to which nerve root mainly?","input":"Choices: ['L5', 'L4', 'S1', 'S2']","output":"L5"} +{"instruction":"Sonographic scan shows:","input":"Choices: ['Single fetus', 'Snow storm appearance', 'Twins', 'Triplets']","output":"Twins"} +{"instruction":"On electron microscopy amyloid characteristically exhibits:","input":"Choices: ['B-plated sheets', 'Hyaline globules', '7.5-10 nm fibrils', '20-25 nm fibrils']","output":"7.5-10 nm fibrils"} +{"instruction":"Fracture of the neck of fifth metacarpal occurs in","input":"Choices: [\"Hangman's fracture\", \"Jefferson's fracture\", 'Greenstick fracture', \"Boxer's fracture\"]","output":"Boxer's fracture"} +{"instruction":"Which one of the following skeletal muscle relaxants cause pain on injection","input":"Choices: ['Succinylcholine', 'Vecuronium', 'Rocuronium', 'Pancuronium']","output":"Rocuronium"} +{"instruction":"Ebstein Barr virus is associated with-","input":"Choices: ['Carcinoma larynx', 'Carcinoma bladder', 'Carcinoma nasopharynx', 'Carcinoma maxilla']","output":"Carcinoma nasopharynx"} +{"instruction":"Amputated finger is transpoed in:","input":"Choices: ['Plastic bag with wet ice', 'Plastic bag with dry ice', 'Plastic bag with cold saline', 'Plastic bag with cold water']","output":"Plastic bag with wet ice"} +{"instruction":"A 25-year-old woman is being evaluated for chronic fatigue. She has a history of heavy menstrual periods since menarche and also recalls frequent nosebleeds as a child. Her past medical history is otherwise insignificant and she takes no medications. Laboratory studies show normal prothrombin time (PT), activated paial thromboplastin time (APTT), platelet count and fibrinogen levels. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?","input":"Choices: ['Hypofibrinogemia', 'Factor IX deficiency', 'Immune thrombocytopenia', 'Von Willebrand disease type 1']","output":"Von Willebrand disease type 1"} +{"instruction":"Regarding extra uterine endometriosis, false is:","input":"Choices: ['It is hormone dependent', 'May involve pleura and lung', 'Commonest site is ovary', 'Ovary contains cyst with clear fluid']","output":"Ovary contains cyst with clear fluid"} +{"instruction":"Chronic use of anti-psychotic drug can lead to: September 2006","input":"Choices: ['Ohostatic hypeension', 'Parkinsonism', 'Tardive dyskinesia', 'All of the above']","output":"All of the above"} +{"instruction":"A new born boy is having lumbosacral meningomyelocele and awaiting the surgical repair. The sac is best protected with sterile gauze piece soaked with","input":"Choices: ['Mercurochrome', 'Tincture benzoin', 'Methylene blue', 'Normal saline']","output":"Normal saline"} +{"instruction":"Not a feature of hard water is","input":"Choices: ['Increased fuel consumption', 'Erosion of lead pipe', 'Scaling of boiler', 'Decreased soap consumption']","output":"Decreased soap consumption"} +{"instruction":"Feature of Achalasia cardia (cardiospasm) include all of the following except-","input":"Choices: ['Increasing dificulty in swallowing more for liquids than for soilds', 'Regurgitant vomiting', 'Dilated & turtuous esophagus', 'Filling defect on barium study']","output":"Filling defect on barium study"} +{"instruction":"A 35-year-old patient has a small but painful tumor under the nail of the little finger. Which of the following nerves would have to be anesthetized for a painless removal of the tumor?","input":"Choices: ['Superficial radial', 'Common palmar digital of median', 'Common palmar digital of ulnar', 'Deep radial']","output":"Common palmar digital of ulnar"} +{"instruction":"A 50-year-old man working in a coal mining factory for 16 years develops symptoms of progressively worsening breathlessness and cough with expectoration. A spirometry was performed and his values were: FEV1 - 1.4 L\/min, FVC 2.8L\/min . What could be the cause?","input":"Choices: ['Silicosis', 'Hypersensitivity pneumonitis', 'COPD', 'Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis']","output":"COPD"} +{"instruction":"Which of these is a conservative mutator?","input":"Choices: ['Glutamic acid-glutamine', 'Histidine glycine', 'Alanine-leucine', 'Arginine-aspaic acid']","output":"Alanine-leucine"} +{"instruction":"Smoking is a risk factors for all the carcinoma except","input":"Choices: ['Oral', 'Bronchial', 'Bladder', 'Thyroid']","output":"Thyroid"} +{"instruction":"Culex tritaenorrhyncus transmits","input":"Choices: ['Dengue fever', 'Yellow fever', 'KFD', 'Japanese encephalitis']","output":"Japanese encephalitis"} +{"instruction":"Generally, radiotherapy should not be used for treating benign conditions. The only possible exception being:","input":"Choices: ['Chondromyxoid fibroma', 'Extensive pigmented villonodular synovitis', 'Benign fibrous histiocytoma', 'Desmoplastic fibroma so extensive that it cannot be surgically excise']","output":"Extensive pigmented villonodular synovitis"} +{"instruction":"Night mares are seen in","input":"Choices: ['Adjustment disorder', 'Post Traumatic stress disorder', 'Dissociation', 'Obsessive compulsive disorder']","output":"Post Traumatic stress disorder"} +{"instruction":"Nuchal Skin Fold thickness Scan is done between:","input":"Choices: ['6-10 WEEKS', '11-14 WEEKS', '18-22 WEEKS', '28-32 weeks']","output":"18-22 WEEKS"} +{"instruction":"Sprinter gets its immediate energy from -","input":"Choices: ['Glycogen', 'Fatty acid', 'Creatine phosphate', 'None']","output":"Creatine phosphate"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following feature of airways can make babies enable breathing while suckling breast milk?","input":"Choices: ['Sho, wide tongue', 'Small pharynx', 'Higher position of larynx', 'Small soft palate']","output":"Higher position of larynx"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is the causative organism of Verruca vulgaris:","input":"Choices: ['CMV', 'Human immunodeficiency virus', 'Human papilloma virus', 'Ebstein barr virus .']","output":"Human papilloma virus"} +{"instruction":"Type of injury in which depth of wound is more than the width is called as:","input":"Choices: ['Slash', 'Stab', 'Contusion.', 'Laceration.']","output":"Stab"} +{"instruction":"Sodium content of ReSoMal is","input":"Choices: ['90 mmol\/lit', '60 mmol\/lit', '45 mmol\/lit', '30 mmol\/lit']","output":"45 mmol\/lit"} +{"instruction":"Most commonly used colour of the filter used in dark\nroom safelight is:","input":"Choices: ['Blue', 'Red', 'Green', 'Yellow']","output":"Red"} +{"instruction":"Internal rectal venous plexus lies at ?","input":"Choices: ['Outer anal verge', 'White line of Hilton', 'Proximal to pectinate line', 'Distal to pectinate line']","output":"Proximal to pectinate line"} +{"instruction":"The primary gutta-percha cone must fill the canal wall tightly in the:","input":"Choices: ['apical third', 'middle third', 'cervical third', 'entire canal']","output":"apical third"} +{"instruction":"62-year-old female has kidney stone and treated with PCNL. After 2 days she again comes to OPD with chills and fever. What is the complication?","input":"Choices: ['Bacterial sepsis', 'Acute pancreatitis', 'Splenic injury', 'Ureteric stricture']","output":"Bacterial sepsis"} +{"instruction":"Which one of the following method is used for the estimation of the chlorine demand of water ?","input":"Choices: ['Chloromcter', \"Horrock's apparatus\", 'Berkfeld filter', 'Double pot method']","output":"Horrock's apparatus"} +{"instruction":"According to the WHO, what is the minimum bacteriological standard for drinking water -","input":"Choices: ['All the samples should not contain coliform organisms', '3 consecutive samples of water should not contain any coil forms', '3 coliforms in a 100 ml water', 'I coliform in a 100 ml water']","output":"All the samples should not contain coliform organisms"} +{"instruction":"Oophoritis, Orchitis, Chipmunk cheeks seen in:","input":"Choices: ['Mumps.', 'Sialadenitis.', 'Mucocele.', 'Sialadenosis.']","output":"Mumps."} +{"instruction":"Formation of excessive amounts of granulation tissue, which protrudes above the level of the surrounding skin and blocks re-epithelialization is called:","input":"Choices: ['Proud flesh', 'Keloid', 'Desmoids', 'Hypertrophic scar']","output":"Proud flesh"} +{"instruction":"A 19-year-old woman, gravida 2, para 0, aboion 1, is at 30 weeks gestation. Her fundal height measures 25cm. An obstetrical ultrasound examination reveals a 4 quadrant amniotic fluid index (AFI) of 4cm. Which of the following fetal conditions is associated with finding?","input":"Choices: ['Duodenal atresia', 'Open spina bifida', 'Tracheoesophageal fistula', 'Renal agenesis']","output":"Renal agenesis"} +{"instruction":"Nikolsky's sign is positive in","input":"Choices: ['Pemphigus', 'Dermatitis herpatiformis', 'Pemphigoid', 'Rubella']","output":"Pemphigus"} +{"instruction":"In Hydrocution death occurs by","input":"Choices: ['Vagal inhibition', 'Laryngospasm', 'Encephalopathy', 'Loss of consciousness']","output":"Vagal inhibition"} +{"instruction":"A middle aged man noticed that he can no longer fit in his shoes and enlarging of jaw and phalanges. These effects are mediated by?","input":"Choices: ['ACTH', 'TRH', 'Somatomedin', 'TGF beta']","output":"Somatomedin"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is an indication of onlay cast restoration?","input":"Choices: ['Width of the lesion exceeds ½ the intercuspal distance', 'Strong, self-resistant cusps are there', 'Occlusal surfaces are not to be changed', 'The tooth is not to be used as an abutment']","output":"Width of the lesion exceeds ½ the intercuspal distance"} +{"instruction":"Kallu, a 60 years old male diagnosed to have carcinoma stomach. CT scan of abdomen showed a mass measuring 4 x 4 cm in the antrum with involvement of celiac nodes and right gastric nodes. Management of choice is -","input":"Choices: ['Total gastrectomy', 'Subtotal gastrectomy', 'Palliative', 'Chemotherapy']","output":"Subtotal gastrectomy"} +{"instruction":"Haloperidol toxicity can cause?","input":"Choices: ['Weight loss', 'Short QT', 'Akathasia', 'Diarrhoea']","output":"Akathasia"} +{"instruction":"Muscle Relaxant most sensitive to patient of mysthenia gravis (M.G.)","input":"Choices: ['Scoline', 'Neostigmine', 'Gallamine', 'Decamethonium']","output":"Gallamine"} +{"instruction":"What is TRUE about spermatogenesis","input":"Choices: ['Occurs in spermatic cord', 'Spermatogonium forms sperm in 74 days', 'Meiosis occurs only after secondary spermatocyte', 'Spermatid is formed from spermatozoa']","output":"Spermatogonium forms sperm in 74 days"} +{"instruction":"A total number of ...... tablets of iron with folk acid is given to a pregnant women by the Health worker?","input":"Choices: ['70', '90', '100', '150']","output":"100"} +{"instruction":"X-ray shows:","input":"Choices: ['Fracture scaphoid', 'Fracture scaphoid and perilunate dislocation', 'Perilunate dislocation', 'Colies fracture']","output":"Fracture scaphoid"} +{"instruction":"Which cell is not seen in Hodgkin lymphoma ?","input":"Choices: ['Reed sternberg cell', 'Lacunar cell', 'L & H cell', 'Langerhan cell']","output":"Langerhan cell"} +{"instruction":"Ghon's focus with hilar Lymphadenopathy is equivalent to -","input":"Choices: ['Boderline Tuberculoid Leprosy', 'Tuberculoid Leprosy (TL)', 'Lepromatous Leprosy (LL)', 'Indeterminate Leprosy']","output":"Tuberculoid Leprosy (TL)"} +{"instruction":"Which among the following is true about Super antigens?","input":"Choices: ['They bind to the cleft of the MHC', 'Needs to processed before presentation', \"They are presented by APC' S to T cells\", 'Directly attached to lateral aspect of TCR B chain']","output":"Directly attached to lateral aspect of TCR B chain"} +{"instruction":"True about rhinoscleroma are all, EXCEPT:","input":"Choices: ['Caused by Klebsiella pneumonia', 'Slowly progressing granulomatous disease', 'Most common in young adults 20-30 years old', 'Poor nutrition contributes to its spread']","output":"Caused by Klebsiella pneumonia"} +{"instruction":"Most common organism associated with reactive ahritis is","input":"Choices: ['Staphylococcus', 'Shigella', 'Chlamydia', 'Yersinia']","output":"Chlamydia"} +{"instruction":"Green extra-aicular ahrodesis done for","input":"Choices: ['Genu Valgum', 'Coxa vara', 'Congenital veical talus', 'Cubitus varus']","output":"Congenital veical talus"} +{"instruction":"Sunderland classification is used for ?","input":"Choices: ['Nerve injury', 'Muscle injury', 'Tendon injury', 'Ligament injury']","output":"Nerve injury"} +{"instruction":"True about simple randomization is","input":"Choices: ['Every person has an equal chance of selection', 'Less number of samples are obtained', 'Also known as systemic randomisation', 'Groups are not equally distributed']","output":"Every person has an equal chance of selection"} +{"instruction":"Proptosis is seen in – a) Neuroblastoma b) Meningioma c) Sympathetic ophthalmia d) Injuries","input":"Choices: ['abd', 'abc', 'bcd', 'bde']","output":"abd"} +{"instruction":"Serum sickness is which type of reaction?","input":"Choices: ['Type-1 hypersensitivity', 'Type -2 hypersensitivity', 'Type -3 hypersensitivity', 'Type -4 hypersensitivity']","output":"Type -3 hypersensitivity"} +{"instruction":"Tetracycline ointment for mass prophylaxis -","input":"Choices: ['0.10%', '0.50%', '1&', '5%']","output":"1&"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is not true about facial nerve & its relations","input":"Choices: ['Processus cochleariformis acts as a landmark for geniculate ganglion of facial nerve', 'Tympanic segment of facial nerve lies below round window & above horizontal semi circular canal', 'Mastoid segment of facial nerve lies always behind tympanomastoid suture', 'A patient with lesion between geniculate ganglion & nerve to stapedius will have phonophobia & loss of stapedial reflex & taste sensation']","output":"Tympanic segment of facial nerve lies below round window & above horizontal semi circular canal"} +{"instruction":"Cloudy cornea is a feature of","input":"Choices: [\"Hurler's disease\", \"Morquio's disease\", 'Maroteaux Lomy disease', 'All of the above']","output":"All of the above"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following local anaesthetic agent is a vasoconstrictor","input":"Choices: ['Lignocaine', 'Cocaine', 'Bupivacaine', 'Tetracaine']","output":"Cocaine"} +{"instruction":". The best parameter to measure air pollution is:","input":"Choices: ['SO2', 'CO2', 'CO', 'N20']","output":"SO2"} +{"instruction":"Tension band wiring is done in following except?","input":"Choices: ['Fracture patella', 'Fracture olecranon', \"Colie's Fracture\", 'Fracture medial malleolus']","output":"Colie's Fracture"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following regarding Clostridium tetani is false","input":"Choices: ['Soil and intestine of human and animals are the reservoirs', 'Predominantly seen in dry and winter season', 'Transmission through contaminated wounds', 'No herd immunity or seen']","output":"Predominantly seen in dry and winter season"} +{"instruction":"Triangular relation of elbow is maintained in:","input":"Choices: ['Fracture ulna', 'Anterior dislocation of elbow', 'Posterior dislocation of elbow', 'Supracondylar fracture of humerus']","output":"Supracondylar fracture of humerus"} +{"instruction":"Physiological changes in pregnancy :","input":"Choices: ['Decreased residual volume', 'Decreased GFR', 'Decreased Cardiac output', 'Increased Haematocrit']","output":"Decreased residual volume"} +{"instruction":"In the treatment of undiagnosed megaloblastic anemia, vitamin B12 and folic acid should be given together because:","input":"Choices: ['Vitamin B12 acts as a cofactor for dihydrofolate reductase', 'Folic acid alone causes improvement of anemic symptoms but neurological dysfunction continues.', 'Vitamin B12 deficiency may result in methylfolate trap', 'Folic acid is required for conversion of methylmalonyl-CoA to succinyl CoA.']","output":"Folic acid alone causes improvement of anemic symptoms but neurological dysfunction continues."} +{"instruction":"Fluid content of the blood is:","input":"Choices: ['Plasma', 'Serum', 'Water', 'Tissue fluid']","output":"Plasma"} +{"instruction":"Omalizumab is administered by which route:","input":"Choices: ['Inhalation', 'Intravenous', 'Intranasal', 'Subcutaneous']","output":"Subcutaneous"} +{"instruction":"Epidemic hemorrhagic conjunctivitis is caused by -","input":"Choices: ['HSV', 'HZV', 'HIV', 'Picorna virus']","output":"Picorna virus"} +{"instruction":"Hormonal contraceptive of choice in a lactating woman is -","input":"Choices: ['Combined pill', 'Multiphastic pill', 'Mini-pill', 'Centchroman']","output":"Mini-pill"} +{"instruction":"The contents of the aponeurotic adductor canal of Hunter are all, EXCEPT?","input":"Choices: ['Femoral aery', 'Popliteal aery', 'Nerve to Vastus medialis', 'Saphenous nerve']","output":"Popliteal aery"} +{"instruction":"Hemoprosthetic group is found in -a) Myoglobinb) Cytochrome oxidasec) Xanthine oxidased) Tyrosine","input":"Choices: ['ac', 'a', 'ab', 'bc']","output":"ab"} +{"instruction":"Single gene defect ca using multiple unrelated problems -","input":"Choices: ['Pleiotropism', 'Pseudodominance', 'Penetrance', 'Anticipation']","output":"Pleiotropism"} +{"instruction":"Breast conservative surgery is done in all except-","input":"Choices: ['Young patients', 'Ductal carcinoma in situ', 'Lobular carcinoma', 'Infiltrating ductal carcinoma']","output":"Lobular carcinoma"} +{"instruction":"In serial extraction which is not a contraindication","input":"Choices: ['Impaction of canine', 'Lingual tipping of incisors', 'Ditching', 'Open bite']","output":"Lingual tipping of incisors"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is a recently approved drug for post paum depression","input":"Choices: ['Brexanolone', 'Calpacizumab', 'Solriamfetol', 'Siponimod']","output":"Brexanolone"} +{"instruction":"Type of necrosis occuring in brain-","input":"Choices: ['Coagulative', 'Liquefactive', 'Fibrinoid', 'Caseous']","output":"Liquefactive"} +{"instruction":"Cause of Farmer's lung -","input":"Choices: ['Cotton dust', 'Grain dust', 'Sugarcane dust', 'Iron']","output":"Grain dust"} +{"instruction":"An old man is having benign prostatic hyperophy. Which of the following drug is used to reduce the size of prostate in such a person?","input":"Choices: ['Cyproterone acetate', 'Danazol', 'Bicalutamide', 'Finasteride']","output":"Finasteride"} +{"instruction":"Which among the following is ANCA negative?","input":"Choices: [\"Wegener's granulomatosis\", 'Microscopic polyangitis', 'Polyarteritis nodosa', 'Churg-Strauss syndrome']","output":"Polyarteritis nodosa"} +{"instruction":"Nephrocalcinosis in a systemic granulomatous disease is due to:","input":"Choices: ['Overproduction of 1,25 dihydroxy vitamin D', 'Dystrophic calcification', 'Mutation in calcium sensing receptors', 'Increased reabsorption of calcium']","output":"Overproduction of 1,25 dihydroxy vitamin D"} +{"instruction":"The MC organism causing congenital pneumonia is:","input":"Choices: ['Group B haemolytic Streptococcus', 'E. coli', 'Staphylococcus aureus', 'Salmonella spp']","output":"Group B haemolytic Streptococcus"} +{"instruction":"Diabetic ketoacidosis is said to be present if:","input":"Choices: ['Hyperglycemia, heavy glycosuria, ketonemia, ketonuria, acidosis are present', 'Hyperglycemia, glycosuria, hyperkalemia and hypocalcemia are present', 'Hypoglycemia, hypokalemia, hypercalcemia, ketonemia are present', 'Hypoglycemia, ketonemia, ketonuria hypokalemia are present']","output":"Hyperglycemia, heavy glycosuria, ketonemia, ketonuria, acidosis are present"} +{"instruction":"A 40 year old tobacco chewer was given a routine oral examination; on examination non-scrapable white patch was noticed in his left buccal mucosa.\n\nDisease can be further evaluated by","input":"Choices: ['Toluidine blue solution', 'Rose Bengal stains', 'Caleoflaw white stains', 'None of the above']","output":"Toluidine blue solution"} +{"instruction":"Adult PCKD is?","input":"Choices: ['Autosomal dominant', 'Autosomal recessive', 'X-linked recessive', 'Mitochondrial inheritance']","output":"Autosomal dominant"} +{"instruction":"All are seen in 3rd nerve palsy except?","input":"Choices: ['Ptosis', 'Diplopia', 'Miosis', 'Outwards eye deviation']","output":"Miosis"} +{"instruction":"Anti retro viral drug causing urinary stones:","input":"Choices: ['Zidovudine', 'Lamivudine', 'Indinavir', 'Nelfinavir']","output":"Indinavir"} +{"instruction":"All of the following are methods of health promotion except-","input":"Choices: ['Immunization', 'Nutritional changes', 'Behavioral changes', 'Health education']","output":"Immunization"} +{"instruction":"Mitochondrial DNA is known for all except","input":"Choices: ['A. Maternal inheritance', 'B. Heteroplasmy', 'C. Leber Heriditary optic neuropathy is the prototype', 'D. Nemaline myopathy results due to mutation in mitochondrial DNA']","output":"D. Nemaline myopathy results due to mutation in mitochondrial DNA"} +{"instruction":"A 25 year old male presents withpainless sudden loss of vision, ocular and systemic examination is not contributory. What is probable diagnosis:","input":"Choices: ['Retinal detachment', \"Eale's disease\", 'Glaucoma', 'Cataract']","output":"Eale's disease"} +{"instruction":"A person returns to Delhi from Bangladesh after 2 days and has diarrhoea. Stool examination shows RBCs in Stool. The likely organism causing is -","input":"Choices: ['Enteropathogenic E. Coll', 'Enterotoxigenic E. Coli', 'Salmonella typhi', 'Shigella dysentriae']","output":"Shigella dysentriae"} +{"instruction":"The structures passing posterior to diaphragm are all except:","input":"Choices: ['Aoa', 'Azygous vein', 'Thoracic duct', 'Greater splanchnic nerve']","output":"Greater splanchnic nerve"} +{"instruction":"Tardy Ulnar nerve palsy may be seen after all except-","input":"Choices: ['Malunited lateral condyle humerus fracture', 'Cubitus Varus due to malunited supracondylar fracture of the humerus', 'Old neglected elbow dislocation presenting with cubitus valgus', 'Fracture midshaft ulna']","output":"Fracture midshaft ulna"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is a selective Beta 2 antagonist?","input":"Choices: ['Esmolol', 'Betaxolol', 'Butoxamine', 'Celiprolol']","output":"Butoxamine"} +{"instruction":"Whichof the following is NOT true about the use of Beta blocker in CHF","input":"Choices: ['These should be staed at very low dose and sowly titrated upwards', 'Carvedilol is most widely used beta blocker', 'These are drug of choice in acute decompensated hea failure.', 'These can reduce moality in CHF patients']","output":"These are drug of choice in acute decompensated hea failure."} +{"instruction":"A patient who has a total pancreatectomy might be expected to develop which of the following complications?","input":"Choices: ['Diabetes mellitus', 'Hypercalcemia', 'Hyperphosphatemia', 'Constipation']","output":"Diabetes mellitus"} +{"instruction":"When is surgery not done in cases of Ulcerative Colitis?","input":"Choices: ['Toxic megacolon', 'Colonic perforation', 'Colonic obstruction', 'Refractory fistula']","output":"Refractory fistula"} +{"instruction":"Tibial Fracture with > 1 cm wound, slight comminution and moderate crushing is","input":"Choices: ['Grade I', 'Grade II', 'Grade III A', 'Grade III B']","output":"Grade II"} +{"instruction":"All of the following statements about Nasopharyngeal carcinoma are true, except","input":"Choices: ['Bimodal age distribution', 'Nasopharyngectomy with radical Neck dissection is the treatment of choice', 'IgA antibody to EBV is observed', 'Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common histological subtype']","output":"Nasopharyngectomy with radical Neck dissection is the treatment of choice"} +{"instruction":"Investigation of choice for lactating female with a painful lump?","input":"Choices: ['USG', 'CT', 'MRI', 'Mammogram']","output":"USG"} +{"instruction":"If each value of a given group of observation is multiplied by 10, the standard deviation of the resulting observation is -","input":"Choices: ['Original std. Deviation × 10', 'Original std. Deviation\/10', 'Original std. Deviation -10', 'Original std. Deviation itself']","output":"Original std. Deviation × 10"} +{"instruction":"For post-exposure prophylaxis, dose of human rabies immunoglobulin is: September 2007","input":"Choices: ['10 IU\/kg', '20 IU\/kg', '30 IU\/kg', '40 IU\/kg']","output":"20 IU\/kg"} +{"instruction":"30 year old female comes with visual defects, breast engorgement and Amenorrhea. Investigation of choice is","input":"Choices: ['CT brain', 'Serum prolactin', 'Biopsy', 'Mr angiography']","output":"Serum prolactin"} +{"instruction":"One year old baby exclusively breast fed has a lcm. hepatomegaly severe pallor and no spleen.The most impoant investigation is -","input":"Choices: ['B12 estimation', 'Serum iron estimation', 'Folic and estimation', 'Fetal hemoglobin estimation']","output":"Serum iron estimation"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following drugs is used as an immunosuppressant but lacks anticancer activity?","input":"Choices: ['Methotrexate', '6-Mercaptopurine', 'Azathioprine', '5-Fluorouracil']","output":"Azathioprine"} +{"instruction":"A 23–year old woman contraceptive for pregnancy protection. A factor that would lead a health professional to recommend an alternative form of contraception is that the woman:","input":"Choices: ['Has an evidence of hirsutism', 'Has a history of gastroesophageal reflux disease and is currently taking omeprazole', 'Has a history of pelvic inflammatory disease', 'Has a history of migraine headache that is well controlled by sumatriptan']","output":"Has a history of migraine headache that is well controlled by sumatriptan"} +{"instruction":"Frankel appliance is a:","input":"Choices: ['Myofunctional appliance', 'Removable appliance', 'Fixed appliance', 'None of the above']","output":"Myofunctional appliance"} +{"instruction":"Deltoid ligament is attached to all, Except:","input":"Choices: ['Medial malleolus', 'Medial cuneiform', 'Spring ligament', 'Sustentaculum tali']","output":"Medial cuneiform"} +{"instruction":"Smoking may be associated with all of the following cancers, except","input":"Choices: ['Ca Larynx', 'Ca Nasopharynx', 'Ca Bladder', 'None']","output":"None"} +{"instruction":"During sclerotherapy (by endoscopy), following are complications except -","input":"Choices: ['Hepatic encephalopathy', 'Perforation', 'Stenosis', 'Fibrosis']","output":"Hepatic encephalopathy"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following agents is recommended for treatment of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors (GIST) -","input":"Choices: ['Sorafenib', 'Imatinib', 'Gefitinib', 'Erlotinib']","output":"Imatinib"} +{"instruction":"Position of the patient should be as described except","input":"Choices: ['Diagnostic laparoscopy- trendlelnburg with about 30 degree tilt', 'Colposcopy - Lithotomy', 'Transvaginal sonography in Gynecology - Lithotomy with full bladder', 'Hysteroscopy - Lithotomy']","output":"Transvaginal sonography in Gynecology - Lithotomy with full bladder"} +{"instruction":"All are the features present in male skull as compared to female skull except","input":"Choices: ['Larger teeth', 'Larger foramen', 'Larger frontal sinuses', 'Larger parietal eminence']","output":"Larger parietal eminence"} +{"instruction":"Anti LKM 3 antibody will be positive in:","input":"Choices: ['Hepatitis D', 'Hepatitis B', 'Hepatitis C', 'Autoimmune hepatitis']","output":"Hepatitis D"} +{"instruction":"All are seen in the cyst of E. histolytica except -","input":"Choices: ['Glycogen mass', 'Chromatid bars', 'Eccentric nucleus', 'Refractile nucleus']","output":"Refractile nucleus"} +{"instruction":"Hea failure cells are seen in ?","input":"Choices: ['Hea', 'Lungs', 'Kidney', 'Liver']","output":"Lungs"} +{"instruction":"Which is the purpose of adjusting the occlusion in dentures?","input":"Choices: ['To obtain balanced occlusion.', 'To stabilize dentures.', 'To obtain even occlusal contacts.', 'All of the above.']","output":"All of the above."} +{"instruction":"Snow ball opacities near the ora serrata are pathognomic of","input":"Choices: ['Iridocyclitis', 'Pars Planitis', 'Chorioretinitis', 'Fungal Endophthalmitis']","output":"Pars Planitis"} +{"instruction":"Multidrug (MDT) regimen under the National Leprosy Eradication Program for treatment of all Multibacillary Leprosy would include:-","input":"Choices: ['Clofazimine, Thiacetazone and Dapsone', 'Clofazimine, Rifampicin and Dapsone', 'Ethionamide, Rifampicin and Dapsone', 'Propionamide, Rifampicin and Dapsone']","output":"Clofazimine, Rifampicin and Dapsone"} +{"instruction":"Secretomotor supply of parotid comes from:","input":"Choices: ['Greater Petrosal nerve', 'Auriculotemporal nerve', 'Maxillary nerve', 'Chorda Tympani']","output":"Auriculotemporal nerve"} +{"instruction":"Gamekeepers thumb is","input":"Choices: ['Thumb metacarpophalangeal joint ulnar collateral ligament rupture', 'Thumb metacarpophalangeal joint radial collateral ligament rupture', 'Thumb interphalangeal joint ulnar collateral ligament rupture', 'Thumb interphalangeal joint radial collateral ligament rupture']","output":"Thumb metacarpophalangeal joint ulnar collateral ligament rupture"} +{"instruction":"Darting motility is shown by -","input":"Choices: ['Proteus', 'Serratia', 'Vibrio', 'E. coli']","output":"Vibrio"} +{"instruction":"Lipid envelope is found in'which virus -","input":"Choices: ['Reo', 'Herpes', 'Picoma', 'All of the above']","output":"Herpes"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following viruses is capable of replication in enucleated cells?","input":"Choices: ['Adenovirus', 'Cytomegalovirus', 'Poliovirus', 'Influenza virus']","output":"Poliovirus"} +{"instruction":"Circuit of choice for controlled ventilation ?","input":"Choices: ['Magill circuit', 'Type C', 'Type D', 'Type E']","output":"Type D"} +{"instruction":"Conjugated hyperbilirubinemia in infancy is seen in-","input":"Choices: ['Gilbe syndrome', 'Criggler najjar syndrome', 'Dubin Johnson syndrome', 'All']","output":"Dubin Johnson syndrome"} +{"instruction":"Which one of the following statements about cilia is true?","input":"Choices: ['They possess a 9 + 0 configuration of microtubules.', 'They do not contain an axoneme.', 'They contain ciliary dynein arms.', 'They are nearly identical to centrioles.']","output":"They contain ciliary dynein arms."} +{"instruction":"Cell mediated immunity is by viue of?","input":"Choices: ['Helper t cells', 'Suppressor t cells', 'Cytotoxic t cells', 'All aboce']","output":"All aboce"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is diagnostic of the 'Rim sign' in a nephrogram?","input":"Choices: ['Pyelonephritis', 'Hyper nephroma', 'Polycystic kidney', 'Polycystic kidney']","output":"Polycystic kidney"} +{"instruction":"Antitubercular drug that can cause hyperuricemia is :","input":"Choices: ['Rifampicin', 'INH', 'Pyrazinamide', 'Streptomycin']","output":"Pyrazinamide"} +{"instruction":"A multipara with 34 weeks pregnancy tachycardia, fever, hepatospleenomegaly, pallor has :","input":"Choices: ['Malaria', 'Iron deficiency anaemia', 'Physiological anaemia', 'Megaloblastic anaemia']","output":"Malaria"} +{"instruction":"Why does initiation of nerve impulse occurs at the axon hillock?","input":"Choices: ['It is unmyelinated', 'Due to the release of neurotransmitter', 'It has a lower threshold than the rest of the axon', 'None of the above']","output":"It has a lower threshold than the rest of the axon"} +{"instruction":"Water tree phenomenon is seen in","input":"Choices: ['Generation 1 DBA', 'Generation 4 DBA', 'Generation 6 DBA', 'Generation 7 DBA']","output":"Generation 7 DBA"} +{"instruction":"Adverse neurological outcome is usually seen in what percentage of babies with stage 2 HIE?","input":"Choices: ['10%', '20%', '30%', '50%']","output":"20%"} +{"instruction":"Spanish windlass is an example of:","input":"Choices: ['Bansdola', 'Garrotting', 'Throttling', 'Mugging']","output":"Garrotting"} +{"instruction":"High brachytherapy is","input":"Choices: ['0.4-2 Gy\/hour', '12 Gy\/hour', '2-12 Gy\/hour', '0.01-0.3 Gy\/hour']","output":"12 Gy\/hour"} +{"instruction":"New drug Renolazine is used in -","input":"Choices: ['Angina', 'Hypertention', 'Tachycardia', 'Arrhythmia']","output":"Angina"} +{"instruction":"Most plausible factor for dental implant fracture","input":"Choices: ['Peri-implantitis', 'Bending overloads', 'Non-passive fit prosthesis', 'Manufacturing imperfections']","output":"Bending overloads"} +{"instruction":"In acute congestive glaucoma, pupil is -","input":"Choices: ['Oval and horizontal', 'Oval and veical', 'Circular', 'Slite like']","output":"Oval and veical"} +{"instruction":"Reservoir of plagu e is -","input":"Choices: ['Domestic rat', 'Wild rat', 'Rat flea', 'Man']","output":"Wild rat"} +{"instruction":"True about chorionic villi biopsy:a) Strongly associated with fascio mandibular defectsb) Done in 10-12 weeksc) Rh immunoglobulin prophylaxis is not necessaryd) Done to diagnose genetic disorders","input":"Choices: ['acd', 'bcd', 'abd', 'ab']","output":"abd"} +{"instruction":"Most common cause of fulminant diabetes is?","input":"Choices: ['Viruses', 'Diabetic Ketoacidosis', 'Non-ketotic hyperosmolar coma', 'Autoimmunity']","output":"Viruses"} +{"instruction":"All are true about primary hyperparathyroidism except -","input":"Choices: ['Nephrolithiasis', 'Increased alkaline phosphatase', 'Decreased calcium', 'Loss of lamina dura']","output":"Decreased calcium"} +{"instruction":"All are TRUE about the relation of inguinal canal, EXCEPT:","input":"Choices: ['Internal oblique forms the roof', 'Inguinal ligament forms the floor', 'Fascia transversalis forms anterior wall', 'Interfoveolar ligament forms lateral two third of anterior wall']","output":"Interfoveolar ligament forms lateral two third of anterior wall"} +{"instruction":"A 70-year-old male with a history of two previous myocardial infarctions is admitted to the hospital with severe chest pain. ECG reveals a new myocardial infarction and ventricular arrhythmia. Coronary angiography reveals that the right coronary artery is blocked just distal to the origin of the right marginal artery in a right coronary dominant circulation. Which of the following structures would most likely be affected after such a blockade?","input":"Choices: ['Right atrium', 'SA node', 'AV node', 'Lateral wall of the left ventricle']","output":"AV node"} +{"instruction":"Most virulent variety of shigellosis is caused by -","input":"Choices: ['S. Dysenteriae', 'S. Sonnei', 'S. Flexneri', 'S. Boydii']","output":"S. Dysenteriae"} +{"instruction":"Prokaryotes have all, except","input":"Choices: ['Rigid cell wall', 'Flagella', 'Ribosomes', 'Well defined Nuclear membrane']","output":"Well defined Nuclear membrane"} +{"instruction":"which cranial nerve is present arround the origin of occipital aery of lower end of sternocleidomastoid muscle ?","input":"Choices: ['spinal accesory cranial nerve', 'superior laryngeal nerve', 'hypoglossal nerve', 'petrosal nerve']","output":"hypoglossal nerve"} +{"instruction":"Antimitochondrial antibodies are found in 90% of patients with","input":"Choices: ['Primary biliary cirrhosis', 'Chronic active hepatitis', 'Seminoma', 'Choriocarcinoma']","output":"Primary biliary cirrhosis"} +{"instruction":"Trisomy is seen in which of following?","input":"Choices: ['Turner syndrome', 'Fragile-X syndrome', 'Noonan syndrome', 'Edward syndrome']","output":"Edward syndrome"} +{"instruction":"Which among the following is an anaerobic bacteria?","input":"Choices: ['Staph aureus', 'E. coli', 'Str. pneumoniae', 'Corynebacterium diphtheria']","output":"Corynebacterium diphtheria"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following complement components attaches to the crystallizable fragment of immunoglobulin M ?","input":"Choices: ['C5b', 'C5a', 'Clqrs', 'C4b2a']","output":"Clqrs"} +{"instruction":"As per WHO, anemia is considered to exist in pregnancy, if the hemoglobin level is below: March 2007","input":"Choices: ['11 gm%', '14 gm%', '12 gm%', '13 gm%']","output":"11 gm%"} +{"instruction":"The standard definition of public health was given by","input":"Choices: ['Winslow', 'Virchow', 'Shattuck', 'Chadwick']","output":"Winslow"} +{"instruction":"All are Neurocysticercosis findings on CT scan except -","input":"Choices: ['Parenchymal calcification', 'Low density non enhancing lesion', 'Diffuse cerebral edema', 'High density lesions']","output":"High density lesions"} +{"instruction":"False vitality results are common in posterior tooth are most commonly due to","input":"Choices: ['Presence of vital pulp tissue in one of the canals', 'Thickness of the enamel', 'Presence of pulp stones', 'Thickness of dentine']","output":"Presence of vital pulp tissue in one of the canals"} +{"instruction":"All are criteria for CT head in trauma Except","input":"Choices: ['GCS <13 at presentation', 'GCS 14 at 2 hours', 'Detion of mouth', 'One episode of vomiting']","output":"One episode of vomiting"} +{"instruction":"Most common site of injury in under water blast: NEET 15","input":"Choices: ['Tympanic membrane', 'GIT', 'Liver', 'Lung']","output":"GIT"} +{"instruction":"Most common heart disease associated with pregnancy is:","input":"Choices: ['Mitral stenosis', 'Mitral regurgitation', 'Patent ductus arteriosus', 'Tatralogy of Fallot']","output":"Mitral stenosis"} +{"instruction":"Head & neck burn in children is","input":"Choices: ['15%', '18%', '12%', '32%']","output":"18%"} +{"instruction":"Catamite refers to:","input":"Choices: ['All passive sodomy', 'Passive sodomy young aged', 'Passive sodomy in elderly', 'Passive sodomy in female']","output":"Passive sodomy young aged"} +{"instruction":"Branching posterior spoke like cataracts (Propeller) are seen in:","input":"Choices: [\"Down's syndrome\", \"Fabry's disease\", 'Neuro fibromatosis', 'Atopic keratoconjunctivitis']","output":"Fabry's disease"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is involved in cleavage of recombinant DNA","input":"Choices: ['Helicases', 'Restriction enzyme', 'Ligases', 'All of the above']","output":"Restriction enzyme"} +{"instruction":"The best filling material in deciduous teeth for RCT:","input":"Choices: ['Gutta-percha', 'Calcium hydroxide', 'Zinc Oxide Eugenol', 'Amalgam']","output":"Zinc Oxide Eugenol"} +{"instruction":"Pair of organs involved in cahill cycle?","input":"Choices: ['Liver and muscle', 'liver and kidney', 'liver and brain', 'muscle and kidney']","output":"Liver and muscle"} +{"instruction":"Migratory superficial thrombophlebitis is seen in-","input":"Choices: ['Carcinoma pancreas', 'Astrocytoma', 'Renal carcinoma', 'All']","output":"Carcinoma pancreas"} +{"instruction":"The antidote for benzodiazepine toxicity is-","input":"Choices: ['Flumazenil', 'Naloxone', 'Naltrexone', 'Dimercaprol']","output":"Flumazenil"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following organisms is implicated in the causation of botryomycosis :","input":"Choices: ['Staphylococcus aureus', 'Staphylococcus albus', 'Pseudomonas aeruginosa', 'Streptococcus pneumonia']","output":"Staphylococcus aureus"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is nd seen in a case of borderline personality disorder?","input":"Choices: ['Identity crisis', 'Dissociative events', 'Risk taking behavior', 'Strong and stable interpersonal relationships']","output":"Strong and stable interpersonal relationships"} +{"instruction":"Jumper's fracture is seen in?","input":"Choices: ['Calcaneum', 'Tibia', 'Pelvis', 'Neck femur']","output":"Pelvis"} +{"instruction":"Sequence of colour changes observed in Raynaud's disease.","input":"Choices: ['Red, blue, white', 'White, blue, red', 'Blue, red, white', 'White, red, blue']","output":"White, blue, red"} +{"instruction":"Ulcerative colitis stas from:","input":"Choices: ['Rectum', 'Sigmoid colon', 'Ascending colon', 'Any pa']","output":"Rectum"} +{"instruction":"In which of the following patients, thyrotoxicosis should not be suspected","input":"Choices: ['Patients with unexplained weight loss', 'Patients with unexplained diarrhoea', 'Patients with distal muscle weakness', 'Patients with paroxysmal atrial tachycardia']","output":"Patients with distal muscle weakness"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following inhalational agents has the minimum blood gas solubility coefficient ?","input":"Choices: ['Isoflurane', 'Sevoflurane', 'Desflurane', 'Nitrous oxide']","output":"Desflurane"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following conditions cannot be assessed by a cephalogram:","input":"Choices: ['Mandibular Lateral asymmetry', 'Vertical facial discrepancy', 'Increase posterior height', 'Decreased anterior height']","output":"Mandibular Lateral asymmetry"} +{"instruction":"Least common cause of endocarditis is:","input":"Choices: ['A.S.D', 'P.D.A', 'T.O.F.', 'V.S.D.']","output":"A.S.D"} +{"instruction":"When a surgeon wants to send the autopsy specimen for virological examination, it should be preserved in","input":"Choices: ['50% glycerin', '10% formalin', 'Rectified spirit', 'Saturated solution of common salt']","output":"50% glycerin"} +{"instruction":"Leaden paralysis is seen in","input":"Choices: ['Severe depression', 'Melancholic depression', 'Atypical depression', 'Narcolepsy']","output":"Atypical depression"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is not a bactericidal agent?","input":"Choices: ['Rifampicin', 'INH', 'Pyrazinamide', 'Ethambutol']","output":"Ethambutol"} +{"instruction":"A 35-year-old male is admitted to the hospital with an indirect inguinal hernia. During an open hernioplasty (in contrast to a laparoscopic procedure), the spermatic cord and the internal abdominal oblique muscles are identified. Which component of the spermatic cord is derived from the internal abdominal oblique muscle?","input":"Choices: ['External spermatic fascia', 'Cremaster muscle', 'Tunica vaginalis', 'Internal spermatic fascia']","output":"Cremaster muscle"} +{"instruction":"Schamberg's purpura are seen on ?","input":"Choices: ['Face', 'Feet', 'Chest', 'Arms']","output":"Feet"} +{"instruction":"High stationary stage of Demography cycle is characterized by ?","input":"Choices: ['High bih rate, low death rate', 'Low bih rate, high death rate', 'Low bih rate, low death rate', 'High bih rate, high death rate']","output":"High bih rate, high death rate"} +{"instruction":"One mg. of Niacin is produced by----mg. of Tryptophan –","input":"Choices: ['22', '37', '55', '60']","output":"60"} +{"instruction":"The following vitamin acts as a cofactor for glycogen phosphorylase:","input":"Choices: ['Thiamine pyrophosphate (B1)', 'Riboflavin (B2)', 'Pyridoxal phosphate (B6)', 'Methyl cobalamin (B12)']","output":"Pyridoxal phosphate (B6)"} +{"instruction":"Clostridium difficile, as the causative agent in antibiotic-associated diarrhea, can best be detected using which of the following gold standard laboratory tests?","input":"Choices: ['Gas liquid chromatography', 'Pseudomembrane visualization', 'Rapid fatty acid detection assays', 'Tissue culture toxin detection assay']","output":"Tissue culture toxin detection assay"} +{"instruction":"In which phase post marketing surveillance is done:","input":"Choices: ['Phase I', 'Phase II', 'Phase III', 'Phase IV']","output":"Phase IV"} +{"instruction":"Waxy fkexibility is characteristic of:","input":"Choices: ['Excitatory catatonia', 'Stuporous cataonia', 'OCD', 'All']","output":"Stuporous cataonia"} +{"instruction":"All the following statements are true regarding cervicofacial actinomycosis, EXCEPT","input":"Choices: ['10-20% of actinomycosis cases occur in cervicofacial region.', \"The discharging pus contains visible 'sulphur granules'\", \"Cultures on blood agar often produce a typical 'molar tooth' morphology\", 'There is usually history of trauma such as tooth extraction or a blow to the jaw']","output":"10-20% of actinomycosis cases occur in cervicofacial region."} +{"instruction":"Which of the following conditions is associated with microcytic hypochromic anemia","input":"Choices: ['Sickle cell anemia', 'Thalassemia', \"Fanconi's anemia\", 'Hereditary spherocytosis']","output":"Thalassemia"} +{"instruction":"All of the following can cause neuropathies with predominant motor involvement except-","input":"Choices: ['Acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy', 'Acute intermittent porphyria', 'Lead intoxication', 'Arsenic intoxication']","output":"Arsenic intoxication"} +{"instruction":"All of the following develop from the hindgut except","input":"Choices: ['Ascending colon', 'Descending colon', 'Sigmoid colon', 'Rectum']","output":"Ascending colon"} +{"instruction":"Most common organism associated with cystic fibrosis:","input":"Choices: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa (non mucoid)', 'Burkholderia cepacia', 'Pleisomonas', 'Aeromonas']","output":"Pseudomonas aeruginosa (non mucoid)"} +{"instruction":"A child is below the third percentile for height. His growth velocity is normal, but chronologic age is more than skeletal age. The most likely diagnosis is –","input":"Choices: ['Constitutional delay in growth', 'Genetic short stature', 'Primordial dwarfism', 'Hypopituitarism']","output":"Constitutional delay in growth"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following drug act by stimulating osteoblasts?","input":"Choices: ['Teriparatide', 'Raloxifene', 'Risedronate', 'Denosumab']","output":"Teriparatide"} +{"instruction":"A 16-year-old girl comes to the hospital with chest pain and respiratory distress. On physical examination, the patient is sho of breath, wheezing and gasping for air. A prominent pansystolic hea murmur and a prominent third hea sound are heard on cardiac auscultation. An X-ray study of the chest shows marked enlargement of the hea. The patient expires despite intense suppoive measures. At autopsy, microscopic examination of the myocardium discloses aggregates of mononuclear cells arranged around centrally located deposits of eosinophilic collagen. What is the appropriate diagnosis?","input":"Choices: ['Acute bacterial endocarditis', 'Rheumatic hea disease', 'Subacute bacterial endocarditis', 'Viral myocarditis']","output":"Rheumatic hea disease"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following causes OCP failure?","input":"Choices: ['Carbamazepine', 'Rifampicin', 'NSAIDS', 'Ethambutol']","output":"Rifampicin"} +{"instruction":"Harakiri is death by:","input":"Choices: ['Stab in neck', 'Stab in thorax', 'Stab in abdomen', 'Stab in wrist and neck']","output":"Stab in abdomen"} +{"instruction":"Charcot leyden crystals are derived from:","input":"Choices: ['Eosinophils', 'Basophils', 'Neutrophils', 'Bronchial goblet cells']","output":"Eosinophils"} +{"instruction":"Hirschsprung disease is confirmed by –","input":"Choices: ['Rectal biopsy', 'Per\/Rectal examination', 'Rectal manometry', 'X–ray abdomen']","output":"Rectal biopsy"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is best method for paternity testing","input":"Choices: ['Karyotyping', 'Microsatellite analysis', 'Northern blot analysis', 'All of the above']","output":"Microsatellite analysis"} +{"instruction":"Partial pressure of oxygen in alveoli:","input":"Choices: ['60 mmHg', '103 mmHg', '136 mmHg', '160 mmHg']","output":"103 mmHg"} +{"instruction":"All of the following can be used to determine a chromosome analysis of the fetus except","input":"Choices: ['Amniocentesis', 'Chorionic villus sampling', 'Percutaneous umbilical blood sampling (PUBS)', 'Fetal umbilical Doppler velocimetry']","output":"Fetal umbilical Doppler velocimetry"} +{"instruction":"Most common salivary gland to develop stones","input":"Choices: ['Submandibular', 'Sublingual', 'Parotid', 'Lacrimal']","output":"Submandibular"} +{"instruction":"It is probable that physician have a higher index of suspicion for tuberculosis in children without BCG scar that those with BCG scar. If this is so and an association is found between Tuberculosis and not having BCG scar, the association may be due to-","input":"Choices: ['Selection bias', 'Interviewer bias', 'Surveillance bias', 'Non-response bias']","output":"Interviewer bias"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following propey of drug will enable it to be used in low concentrations -","input":"Choices: ['High affinity', 'High specificity', 'Low specificity', 'High stability']","output":"High stability"} +{"instruction":"The most common cause of sporadic viral encephalitis is -","input":"Choices: ['Japanese B encephalitis', 'Herpes simplex encephalitis', 'Human immunodeficiency virus encephalitis', 'Rubeola encephalitis']","output":"Herpes simplex encephalitis"} +{"instruction":"In which of the following locations would you least expect to find significant atherosclerotic lesions in a patient with risky factors of smoking, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and serum cholesterol level of 280 mg\/dl -","input":"Choices: ['Left main coronary artery', 'Aortic bifurcation', 'Circle of Willis', 'Pulmonary artery trunk']","output":"Pulmonary artery trunk"} +{"instruction":"Bishop scoring includes all except","input":"Choices: ['Fetal station', 'Cervical dilatation', 'Fetal flexion', 'Cervical consistency']","output":"Fetal flexion"} +{"instruction":"Saturday night palsy is which type of nerve injury?","input":"Choices: ['Neuropraxia', 'Axonotemesis', 'Neurotemesis', 'Complete section']","output":"Neuropraxia"} +{"instruction":"A 40-year-old man experiences weakness and easy fatigability of 2 months' duration. Physical examination yields no remarkable findings. Laboratory studies show a serum calcium of 11.5 mg\/dL, inorganic phosphorus of 2.1 mg\/dL, and serum parathyroid hormone of 58 pg\/mL, which is near the top of the reference range. A radionuclide bone scan fails to show any areas of increased uptake. What is the most likely cause of these findings?","input":"Choices: ['Chronic renal failure', 'Hypervitaminosis D', 'Medullary thyroid carcinoma', 'Parathyroid adenoma']","output":"Parathyroid adenoma"} +{"instruction":"Pharyngeconjunctival fever is caused by -","input":"Choices: ['Adenovirus 3 and 7', 'Adenovirus 11, 21', 'Adenovirus 40, 41', 'Adenovirus 8, 19']","output":"Adenovirus 3 and 7"} +{"instruction":"All the following structures have Blood-Brain Barrier except","input":"Choices: ['Pineal body', 'Hypophysis cerebri', 'Area postrema to IV ventricle', 'Mammilary body']","output":"Mammilary body"} +{"instruction":"A child is receiving corticosteroids for medical therapy. The following is not a contraindication in this child for receiving a live viral vaccine:","input":"Choices: ['When child is receiving 2 mg\/kg of prednisolone for at least 2 weeks at present', 'When child has received 2 mg\/kg of prednisolone for at least 2 weeks in the past one month', 'Child receiving 4 mg\/kg of prednisolone for 4 weeks, prior to 2 weeks', 'Chronic asthmatic child receiving low dose inhaled steroid for 10 months']","output":"Chronic asthmatic child receiving low dose inhaled steroid for 10 months"} +{"instruction":"Normal cerebral blood flow is","input":"Choices: ['45 ml\/min for every 100gm of brain tissue', '55 ml\/min for every 100gm of brain tissue', '65 ml\/min for every 100gm of brain tissue', '75 ml\/min for every 100gm of brain tissue']","output":"55 ml\/min for every 100gm of brain tissue"} +{"instruction":"Cyclodevelopmental life cycle is a type of transmission of ahropod-borne diseases. It is seen in:","input":"Choices: ['Malaria', 'Plague', 'Scabies', 'Filaria']","output":"Filaria"} +{"instruction":"In lateral medullary syndrome (Wallenberg) the lesion is in","input":"Choices: ['Trigeminal motor nucleus', 'Spinal tract of trigeminal', 'Medial lemniscus', 'Pyramidal tract']","output":"Spinal tract of trigeminal"} +{"instruction":"True about nasopharyngeal Ca is all except","input":"Choices: ['Most common site is fossa of Rosen Muller', 'Most common type of nasopharyngeal carcinoma is Squamous cell carcinoma', 'Epstein Barr virus has been identified in tumour epithelial cells', 'Most common cranial nerve palsy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma is V cranial nerve']","output":"Most common cranial nerve palsy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma is V cranial nerve"} +{"instruction":"V. cholera true is -","input":"Choices: ['Very resistant to alkaline pH', 'Nutritionally fastidious', 'Best growth at 24°C', 'Rod shaped bacilli']","output":"Very resistant to alkaline pH"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is not a 2nd generation antihistamine?","input":"Choices: ['Cetrizine', 'Cyclizine', 'Loratidine', 'Fexofenadine']","output":"Cyclizine"} +{"instruction":"An organism grown on agar shows green coloured colonies, likely organism is ?","input":"Choices: ['Staphylococcus', 'Streptococcus', 'Pseudomonas', 'E. coli']","output":"Pseudomonas"} +{"instruction":"True about endometrium","input":"Choices: ['Has 3 distinct zones.', 'Basalis layer is sloughed off during menstruation.', 'Basalis layer is less hormonally responsive.', 'Basalis has surface epithelium and subepithelial capillary plexus.']","output":"Basalis layer is less hormonally responsive."} +{"instruction":"ICD chapter 21 includes all except -","input":"Choices: ['Alcohol', 'Tobacco', 'Injury', 'Drugs']","output":"Injury"} +{"instruction":"Initial investigation done for Suspected Gallbladder stones","input":"Choices: ['USG', 'FRCP', 'MRCP', 'CT scan']","output":"USG"} +{"instruction":"A 25 year old female comes to OPD with history of spots, red bumps that are located principally on the proximal cheeks, central chin, nose and central forehead. It gets aggravated on sun exposure. On examination, telangiectasia is seen on cheeks. What is the most probable cause ?","input":"Choices: ['Polymorphic light eruption', 'SLE', 'Acne vulgaris', 'Rosacea']","output":"Rosacea"} +{"instruction":"Which of these is not a premalignant lesion of lesion: March 2011","input":"Choices: ['Esophageal web', \"Barrett's esophagus\", 'Hiatus hernia', 'Achalasia']","output":"Hiatus hernia"} +{"instruction":"Which immunoglobulin crosses placenta maximally:","input":"Choices: ['IgG1', 'IgG2', 'IgG3', 'IgG4']","output":"IgG1"} +{"instruction":"A 20 year old female was diagnosed with acute myeloid leukaemia & underwent allogenic stem cell transplantation a year ago. In her follow up visit, she has manifestations of chronic graft-versus-host disease but otherwise is doing well & has no evidence of recurrence. Which of the following vaccines should not be administered to this patient at this point of time?","input":"Choices: ['Diphtheria-tetanus', '23-Valent pneumococcal polysaccharide', 'Measles, mumps, and rubella', 'Poliomyelitis injection']","output":"Measles, mumps, and rubella"} +{"instruction":"Pigs are important source of:","input":"Choices: ['Japanese encephalitis', 'Kuru', 'Yellow fever', 'Rabies']","output":"Japanese encephalitis"} +{"instruction":"Complicated cataract occurs at?","input":"Choices: ['Posterior capsule', 'Anterior capsule', 'Posterior cortex', 'Anterior cortex']","output":"Posterior cortex"} +{"instruction":"A patient with rheumatoid ahritis mentions to her physician that after many years without dental problems, she has recently had seven dental caries filled. This finding suggests that she should be evaluated for which of the following diseases?","input":"Choices: ['Oral squamous cell carcinoma', 'Polyaeritis nodosa', \"Sjogren's syndrome\", 'Systemic lupus erythematosus']","output":"Sjogren's syndrome"} +{"instruction":"Asha worker works for___ population:","input":"Choices: ['3000', '1000', '5000', '400']","output":"1000"} +{"instruction":"Predominant blood supply to the Supra duodenal bile duct is derived from","input":"Choices: ['Vessels that run upward along the bile duct from the duodenal end of the duct such as the retro duodenal and gastroduodenal aeries', 'Vessels that run downward along the bile duct from the hepatic end of the duct such as the right hepatic aery', 'Vessels that arise from the hepatic aery proper run up along the CBD and supplies it with twigs in Non-axial distribution', 'Vessels that arise from the cystic aery']","output":"Vessels that run upward along the bile duct from the duodenal end of the duct such as the retro duodenal and gastroduodenal aeries"} +{"instruction":"Ramla, 65 yrs old male presents with low backpain especially at L3, anaemia and fatiguability) His investigation profile reveals -Hb =7gm%, TLC-9000\/cmm, DLC -N- 55%, L-30%, M-10%, E-1%, -2%,Serum proteins-8gm %, ratio-2.9\/5.9, ESR-90 and serum creatinine-3.2 mg%. Likely diagnosis is -","input":"Choices: ['Waldenstroms macroglobulinemia', 'Multiple myeloma', 'TB spine', 'Secondaries in spine']","output":"Multiple myeloma"} +{"instruction":"Mutation leading to sickle cell anemia-","input":"Choices: ['Crossover mutation', 'Frameshift', 'Deletion', 'Point mutation']","output":"Point mutation"} +{"instruction":"When a normal subject develops a spontaneous pneumothorax of his right lung, you would expect the following to occur:","input":"Choices: ['Right lung contracts', 'Chest wall on the right contracts', 'Diaphragm on the right moves up', 'Mediastinum moves to the right']","output":"Right lung contracts"} +{"instruction":"Alpha 2 agonists cause all of the following except:","input":"Choices: ['Analgesia', 'Hyperalgesia', 'Sedation', 'Anxiolysis']","output":"Hyperalgesia"} +{"instruction":"Oxyntic cells are found in -","input":"Choices: ['Small intestine', 'Large intestine', 'Esophagus', 'Stomach']","output":"Stomach"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following methods for assessment of female infertility during a menstrual cycle can best predict timing of ovulation:","input":"Choices: ['BBT', 'Fern Test', 'Spinnbarkeit Phenomenon', 'Hormonal Study']","output":"Hormonal Study"} +{"instruction":"True statement regarding barret&;s esophagus","input":"Choices: ['Histamine antagonist', 'Proton pump inhibitor', 'Helicobactor pylori triple therapy', 'Endoscopic surveillance with biopsy every 2 years']","output":"Endoscopic surveillance with biopsy every 2 years"} +{"instruction":"Is a water washed disease","input":"Choices: ['Malaria', 'Scabies', 'Tsunami', 'Leptospirosis']","output":"Scabies"} +{"instruction":"ARDS is associated with","input":"Choices: ['Acute pancreatitis', 'Trauma', 'Severe falciparum malaria', 'All the above']","output":"All the above"} +{"instruction":"Punched out lesion or inveed saucer appearance are characteristic of which stage of leprosy?","input":"Choices: ['Tuberculoid', 'Borderline tuberculoid', 'Borderline lepromatous', 'Lepromatous']","output":"Borderline lepromatous"} +{"instruction":"If a biochemical test gives the same reading for a sample on repeated testing, it is inferred that the measurement is -","input":"Choices: ['Precise', 'Accurate', 'Specific', 'Sensitive']","output":"Precise"} +{"instruction":"Medical \"Etiquette\" is:","input":"Choices: ['Conventional way of couesy towards professional members', 'Couesy towards client\/patient', 'Couesy towards female', 'Couesy towards other members of society.']","output":"Conventional way of couesy towards professional members"} +{"instruction":"Eaton agent is -","input":"Choices: ['Chlamydia', 'Mycoplasma pneumoniae', 'Klebsiella', 'H. influenzae']","output":"Mycoplasma pneumoniae"} +{"instruction":"A patient involved in a road traffic accident presents with quadriparesis, sphincter disturbance, sensory level up to the upper border of sternum and a respiratory rate of 35\/minute. The likely level of lesion is :","input":"Choices: ['C1-C2', 'C4-C5', 'T1-T2', 'T3-T4']","output":"C4-C5"} +{"instruction":"Endochondral ossification is seen in -","input":"Choices: ['Long bones', 'Flat bones of skull', 'vault of skull', 'Nasal bones']","output":"Long bones"} +{"instruction":"Soldered connectors in fixed partial dentures involve the use of an intermediate metal alloy whose melting temperature is","input":"Choices: ['Higher than parent metal', 'Lower than parent metal', 'Equal to parent metal', 'Unrelated to parent metal']","output":"Lower than parent metal"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is the least common cause of ambiguous genitalia in a female child","input":"Choices: ['Fetal placental steroid sulfatase deficiency', 'Fetal placental aromatase deficiency', 'Congenital adrenal hyperplasia', 'WNT-4 gene mutation']","output":"Fetal placental steroid sulfatase deficiency"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following radioactive isotopes is not used for brachytherapy:","input":"Choices: ['Iodine-125', 'Iodine - 131', 'Cobalt - 60', 'Iridium - 192']","output":"Iodine - 131"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is the engaging diameter in the fetus in left occiput anterior (LOA) position:","input":"Choices: ['Suboccipito - bregmatic', 'Mento-veical', 'Sub-Mento bregmatic', 'Sterno-Bregmatic']","output":"Suboccipito - bregmatic"} +{"instruction":"A 63-year-old woman has noticed weakness in her right hand such that she is having difficulty writing and doing up buttons. On examination, there is marked atrophy of the forearm and hand muscles with fasciculations. Tone is increased and reflexes are brisk. Sensory testing in the hand is normal. There are also fasciculations on her thighs, which she has never noticed before.For the above patient with muscle weakness, select the most likely anatomic site for the disorder.","input":"Choices: ['anterior horn cell', 'peripheral nerve', 'neuromuscular junction', 'muscle']","output":"anterior horn cell"} +{"instruction":"Which level of prevention is applicable in a population without any risk factor-","input":"Choices: ['Primordial prevention', 'Primary prevention', 'Secondary prevention', 'Tertiary prevention']","output":"Primordial prevention"} +{"instruction":"A young female presents with history of dyspnea on exertion. On examination, she has wide, fixed split S2 with ejection systolic murmur (III\/VI) in left second intercostal space. Her ECG shows left axis deviation. The most probable diagnosis is:","input":"Choices: ['Total anomalous pulmonary venous drainage', 'Tricuspid atresia', 'Ostium primum atrial septal defect', 'Ventricular septal defect with pulmonary arterial hypertension']","output":"Ostium primum atrial septal defect"} +{"instruction":"In National immunization schedule all are included except-","input":"Choices: ['TT', 'OPV', 'Hepatitis B', 'Measles']","output":"Hepatitis B"} +{"instruction":"A male 45 years old complains of weakness. He is a chronic alcoholic. General examination reveals elevated transaminases in blood and hepatomegaly. Icterus is visible on sclera and pale coloration of skin is present. On USG examination, fatty liver is revealed. Which of the following substances may be responsible for the condition of liver?","input":"Choices: ['Orotic acid', 'Pyridoxine and pantothenic acid deficiency', 'Alcohol', 'All of the above']","output":"All of the above"} +{"instruction":"A 45-years old woman presents with a hard and mobile lumps in the breast. Next investigation is:","input":"Choices: ['FNAC', 'USG', 'Mammography', 'Excision biopsy']","output":"Mammography"} +{"instruction":"Compared to round PID, use of rectangular PID reduces the patient's skin surface exposed by:","input":"Choices: ['15%', '30%', '45%', '60%']","output":"60%"} +{"instruction":"Fibrin degradation product help in detection of","input":"Choices: ['haemophilia', 'DIC', 'Thrombocytopenic purpura', 'Thrombasthenia']","output":"DIC"} +{"instruction":"A 28 years old lady with bilateral buccal reticulate white streak. Pain increases on intake of spicy food intake and patient gives no h\/o tobacco but shows amalgam on 3rd molar. What is the diagnosis?","input":"Choices: ['Candida', 'Leukoplakia', 'Aphthous ulcer', 'Lichen planus']","output":"Lichen planus"} +{"instruction":"Prosopognosia is","input":"Choices: ['Inability to recognise face', 'Associated with Grestman syndrome', 'Inability to do fine movement', 'Seen in Balint syndrome']","output":"Inability to recognise face"} +{"instruction":"Spherule is a feature of which of the following fungus","input":"Choices: ['Blastomyces', 'Coccidioides', 'Histoplasma', 'Paracoccidioides']","output":"Coccidioides"} +{"instruction":"Normally, Nuchal Translucency should be :","input":"Choices: ['More than 10mm', 'Less than 6mm', 'Less than 3 mm', 'More than 5 mm']","output":"Less than 3 mm"} +{"instruction":"Brunner's glands are seen in which of the following?","input":"Choices: ['Stomach', 'Small intestine', 'Large intestine', 'Duodenum']","output":"Duodenum"} +{"instruction":"Woodruffs plexus is located at?","input":"Choices: ['Anterosuperior part of nose', 'Anteroinferior part of nose', 'Posteroinferior part of nose', 'Posterosuperior part of nose']","output":"Posteroinferior part of nose"} +{"instruction":"A child was diagnosed of having Finnish type of nephrotic syndrome. It is caused by defect in following protein:","input":"Choices: ['Nephrin', 'Podocin', 'CD2 activated protein', 'Alpha actinin']","output":"Nephrin"} +{"instruction":"Pointing index sign is seen in ____ nerve palsy -","input":"Choices: ['Ulnar nerve', 'Radial nerve', 'Median nerve', 'Axillary nerve']","output":"Median nerve"} +{"instruction":"The fixative used in histopathology","input":"Choices: ['10% buffered neutral formalin', 'Bouins fixative', 'Glutaraldehyde', 'Ethyl alcohol']","output":"10% buffered neutral formalin"} +{"instruction":"A women delivered a baby of 2.2 kg weight. Her LMP is not known. To know the maturity of baby, following are used –","input":"Choices: ['Sole Crease', 'Ear Cartilage', 'Breast nodule', 'All of these']","output":"All of these"} +{"instruction":"According to WHO guidelines, which of the following is true about management of second stage of labor?","input":"Choices: ['Manual support of perineum to maintain continuous deflexion of head', 'Episiotomy should be performed as a routine', 'A warm cloth should be applied to the perineum to prevent trauma', 'Delivery should be ideally performed in a lithotomy position']","output":"Manual support of perineum to maintain continuous deflexion of head"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is the drug of choice for Non-Gonococcal Urethritis?","input":"Choices: ['Ceftriaxone', 'Ciprofloxacin', 'Doxycycline', 'Minocycline']","output":"Doxycycline"} +{"instruction":"All of the following enzymes involved in heme synthesis are found in the mitochondria, EXCEPT:","input":"Choices: ['Ferrochelatase', 'Protoporphyrinogen oxidase', 'Coproporphyrinogen oxidase', 'Uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase']","output":"Uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase"} +{"instruction":"Digitalis given to atrial flutter often produces ?","input":"Choices: ['Atrial fibrillation', 'Atrial tachycardia', 'Atrial asystole', 'Atrial bigeminy']","output":"Atrial fibrillation"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following files have one side flat","input":"Choices: ['H file', 'S file', 'Safety H file', 'All of the above']","output":"Safety H file"} +{"instruction":"The nucleus involved in Papez circuit is","input":"Choices: ['Pulvinar', 'Intralaminar', 'VPL nucleus', 'Anterior nucleus of Thalamus']","output":"Anterior nucleus of Thalamus"} +{"instruction":"The diagnositc test for cerebral cysticercosis","input":"Choices: ['MRI', 'Non contrast CT scan', 'Contrast CT scan', 'Plain x-ray']","output":"Non contrast CT scan"} +{"instruction":"If amphotericin B is administered, the patient should be premedicated with :","input":"Choices: ['Diphenhydramine', 'Ibuprofen', 'Prednisone', 'Any of the above']","output":"Any of the above"} +{"instruction":"Chorionic villous sampling is needed in all except","input":"Choices: ['Neural tube defects', 'Downs syndrome', 'Thalassemia', 'noonan syndrome']","output":"Neural tube defects"} +{"instruction":"Joint not involved in osteoarthritis -","input":"Choices: ['PIP', 'DIP', 'MCP', 'Knee']","output":"MCP"} +{"instruction":"In Von Hippel – Lindau Syndrome, the retinal vascular tumour are often associated with intracranial hemangioblastoma. Which one of the following regions is associated with such vascular abnormalities in the syndrome?","input":"Choices: ['Optic radiation', 'Optic tract', 'Cerebellum', 'Pulvinar']","output":"Cerebellum"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is not a pa of control measures for diphtheria ?","input":"Choices: ['Treatment of cases with erythromycin', 'Treatment of carriers with antitoxin', 'Isolation of cases', 'Regular immunization of under-fives']","output":"Treatment of carriers with antitoxin"} +{"instruction":"Transition from increased prevalence of infectious pandemic diseases to man made disease is known as","input":"Choices: ['Paradoxical transition', 'Reversal of transition', 'Epidemiological transition', 'Demographic transition']","output":"Epidemiological transition"} +{"instruction":"Sensorimotor neuropathy may be caused by all, except:","input":"Choices: ['DM', 'Lead poisoning', 'Arsenic', 'Isoniazid']","output":"Lead poisoning"} +{"instruction":"GLUT -3 CHANNELS ARE SEEN IN ALL EXCEPT ?","input":"Choices: ['BRAIN', 'PLACENTA', 'KIDNEY', 'all of the above']","output":"all of the above"} +{"instruction":"Toxin involved in the streptococcal toxic shock syndrome is","input":"Choices: ['Pyrogenic toxin', 'Erythrogenic toxin', 'Hemolysin', 'Neurotoxin']","output":"Pyrogenic toxin"} +{"instruction":"Diffusion hypoxia is seen with –","input":"Choices: ['Ether', 'Cyclopropane', 'Halothane', 'Nitrous oxide']","output":"Nitrous oxide"} +{"instruction":"The current drug of choice in paroxysmal Sypraventricular Tachycardia (PAVT ) is","input":"Choices: ['Digoxin', 'Dilantoin', 'Propranolol', 'Adenosine']","output":"Adenosine"} +{"instruction":"All the following can be used to detect the mutation, except","input":"Choices: ['Single strand conformational polymorphism', 'Ligase chain reaction', 'Polymerase chain reaction', 'DNA Sequencing']","output":"Ligase chain reaction"} +{"instruction":"A 55 year old patient with disseminated tuberculosis is prescribed drugs. Which of the following might be seen in patient of TB, who has regularly been injecting intramuscular injection of streptomycin:","input":"Choices: ['Blindness', 'Increased AST levels', 'Impotence', 'Deafness']","output":"Deafness"} +{"instruction":"Cervical Synringomyelia All are seen except","input":"Choices: ['Burning sensation in hands', 'hyperophy of abductor pollicis brevis', 'Extensor plantar response is present', 'Absent biceps refex']","output":"hyperophy of abductor pollicis brevis"} +{"instruction":"Psoriasis is exacerbated by-","input":"Choices: ['Lithium', 'B- blockers', 'Antimalarials', 'All of the above']","output":"All of the above"} +{"instruction":"Bronchopneumonia means","input":"Choices: ['Inflammatory involvement of a lobe of a lung', 'Inflammatory involvement of the airways; the bronchus & the lung parenchyma', 'Dilatation of the bronchioles', 'Inflammatory involvement of the lymphatics']","output":"Inflammatory involvement of the airways; the bronchus & the lung parenchyma"} +{"instruction":"Astigmatism is:","input":"Choices: ['Defect in curvature', 'Defect in thickness of cornea', 'Defect in refractive index', 'Defect in opacity of lens']","output":"Defect in curvature"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is not true in relation to Osteosarcoma?","input":"Choices: [\"Paget's disease & prior irradiation are factors\", 'Rb gene mutation is associated with hereditary variant', 'c-myc gene implicated in the genesis', \"Codman's triangle is the characteristic x-ray finding\"]","output":"c-myc gene implicated in the genesis"} +{"instruction":"Vande Matram Scheme is included in-","input":"Choices: ['RCH', 'ICDS', 'IMCI', 'NRHS']","output":"RCH"} +{"instruction":"PK reactio detects -","input":"Choices: ['IgG', 'IgA', 'IgE', 'IgM']","output":"IgE"} +{"instruction":"A neonate while suckling milk can respire without difficulty due to","input":"Choices: ['Small tongue', 'Small pharynx', 'High larynx', 'soft palate']","output":"High larynx"} +{"instruction":"A hospital nurse is taking Imipramine for a phobic anxiety disorder, and her patient is being treated with chlorpromazine for a psychotic disorder. Which of the following adverse effect is likely to occur in both of them?","input":"Choices: ['Excessive salivation', 'Pupillary constriction', 'Ohostatic hypotension', 'Seizure']","output":"Ohostatic hypotension"} +{"instruction":"The rate-limiting step for norepinephrine synthesis","input":"Choices: ['Conversion of phenylalanine to Tyrosine', 'Conversion of Tyrosine to DOPA', 'Conversion of DOPA to dopamine', 'Conversion of dopamine to norepinephrine']","output":"Conversion of Tyrosine to DOPA"} +{"instruction":"Acanthosis nigricans is seen in ?","input":"Choices: ['Diabetes', 'GIT cancer', 'Hypothyroidism', 'All of the above']","output":"All of the above"} +{"instruction":"Leprosy commonly spreads by -","input":"Choices: ['Milk', 'Droplet', 'Water', 'Mosquitoes']","output":"Droplet"} +{"instruction":"A patient with type 1 diabetes self-injected insulin prior to their evening meal, but then was distracted and forgot to eat. A few hours later, the individual fainted, and after the paramedics arrived, they did a STAT blood glucose level and found it to be 45 mg\/dL. The blood glucose level was so low because which one of the following tissues assimilated most of it under these conditions?","input":"Choices: ['Brain', 'Liver', 'Red blood cells', 'Adipose tissue']","output":"Adipose tissue"} +{"instruction":"Erythema chronicum migrans is caused by?","input":"Choices: ['Borrelia japonica', 'Borrelia andersonii', 'Borrelia burgdorferi', 'Borrelia recurrentis']","output":"Borrelia burgdorferi"} +{"instruction":"Absence–seizures are seen in –","input":"Choices: ['Ground mal epilepsy', 'Myoclonic epilepsy', 'Petitmal epilepsy', 'Hyperkinetic child']","output":"Petitmal epilepsy"} +{"instruction":"A patient of burns should be given","input":"Choices: ['5% dextrose', 'Hypertonic saline 0.9%', 'Dextrose saline', 'Human albumin 4.5%']","output":"Human albumin 4.5%"} +{"instruction":"HLA B27 is positive in","input":"Choices: ['Ankylosing spondylitis', 'Rheumatoid ahritis', 'SLE', 'Behcet syndrome']","output":"Ankylosing spondylitis"} +{"instruction":"All are basic types of operant conditioning described by Skinner, except:","input":"Choices: ['Positive reinforcement.', 'Negative reinforcement.', 'Omission.', 'Extinction.']","output":"Extinction."} +{"instruction":"Incubation period of salmonella typhi -","input":"Choices: ['2-5 days', '3-21 days', '14-25 days', '0-60 days']","output":"3-21 days"} +{"instruction":"Patients having acute cardiac failure do not show oedema, because :","input":"Choices: ['The plasma oncotic pressure is high', 'There is renal compensation', 'There is an increase in cardiac output', 'There is a fall in the systemic capillary hydrostatic pressure']","output":"There is a fall in the systemic capillary hydrostatic pressure"} +{"instruction":"Glutathione reductase contains the following prosthetic group:","input":"Choices: ['FAD', 'NAD', 'ATP', 'None of the above']","output":"FAD"} +{"instruction":"Inversion and eversion of foot occur at which joint","input":"Choices: ['Subtalar', 'Tibiotalar', 'Inferior tibiofibular', 'Ankle']","output":"Subtalar"} +{"instruction":"Pasteurization is_____disinfection-","input":"Choices: ['Precurrent', 'Concurrent', 'Preconcurrent', 'Terminal']","output":"Precurrent"} +{"instruction":"A 20-year-old man fell from the parallel bar during the Olympic trial. A neurologic examination reveals that he has a lesion of the lateral cord of the brachial plexus. Which of the following muscles is most likely weakened by this injury?,","input":"Choices: ['Subscapularis', 'Teres major', 'Latissimus dorsi', 'Pectoralis major']","output":"Pectoralis major"} +{"instruction":"All of the following patients presenting with abdominal pain and shock need immediate laparotomy except","input":"Choices: ['Ruptured ectopic preganancy', 'Hemorrhagic pancreatitis', 'Rupture abdominal Aoic aneurysm', 'Ruptured liver hemangioma']","output":"Hemorrhagic pancreatitis"} +{"instruction":"Emperioplosis is seen in which of the following conditions?","input":"Choices: ['Alcoholic hepatitis', 'Acute hepatitis', 'Chronic hepitis', 'Autoimmune hepatitis']","output":"Autoimmune hepatitis"} +{"instruction":"Surgical removal of the torus palatinus is indicated when:","input":"Choices: ['Torus impinges on soft palate', 'It interferes with development of proper PPS', 'Torus is an undercut that traps debris and food', 'All of the above']","output":"All of the above"} +{"instruction":"H1N1 influenza prophylaxis","input":"Choices: ['Oseltamivir', 'Zanamivir', 'Amantadine', 'Rimantadine']","output":"Oseltamivir"} +{"instruction":"The length of distal convoluted tubule is","input":"Choices: ['5 mm', '2 mm', '12 mm', '8 mm']","output":"5 mm"} +{"instruction":"End product of porphyrin metabolism ?","input":"Choices: ['Albumin', 'CO2 & NH2', 'Bilirubin', 'None']","output":"Bilirubin"} +{"instruction":"A 12-year-old girl was hit in the face by an errant softball pitch while batting and has had her mandibular incisors knocked out. Which of the following represents the best plan of action?","input":"Choices: ['The teeth should be rinsed in hot water then carefully dried.', 'Foreign matter adhering to the teeth should be immediately scrubbed off.', 'The avulsed teeth may be preserved in tea, juice, or cola.', 'The avulsed teeth may be transported in the mouth of a cooperative patient.']","output":"The avulsed teeth may be transported in the mouth of a cooperative patient."} +{"instruction":"Aerobic blood culture should be incubated for how many days, before discarding ?","input":"Choices: ['2 days', '5 days', '10 days', '14 days']","output":"14 days"} +{"instruction":"Differential cyanosis occurs in","input":"Choices: ['PDA', 'TGA', 'Tricuspid stenosis', 'VSD']","output":"PDA"} +{"instruction":"In 3rd degree burns, all are seen except -","input":"Choices: ['Vesicles are absent', 'Painful', 'Leathery skin', 'Reddish due to Hb infiltration']","output":"Painful"} +{"instruction":"Erythropoiesis in gestation age takes place in","input":"Choices: ['Yolk sac', 'Placenta', 'Amniotic sac', 'Chorion']","output":"Yolk sac"} +{"instruction":"Ovulation coincides with :","input":"Choices: ['Estrogen surge', 'Progesterone surge', 'FSH surge', 'LH surge']","output":"LH surge"} +{"instruction":"There was a sudden increases in the size of Thyroid swelling along with pain. Most likely cause is","input":"Choices: ['Hemorrhage within the cyst', 'Malignant change', 'Nodular goiter', 'Colloid goiter']","output":"Hemorrhage within the cyst"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following features characterizes apoptosis but not necrosis?","input":"Choices: ['Disaggregation of polyribosomes', 'Eosinophilia', 'Inflammation', 'Peripheral aggregation of chromatin']","output":"Peripheral aggregation of chromatin"} +{"instruction":"Drug used in treatment of carcinoma thyroid is -","input":"Choices: ['Doxorubicin', '5-Flurouracil', 'Methotrexate', 'Vinblastine']","output":"Doxorubicin"} +{"instruction":"Max risk of stroke after TIA:","input":"Choices: ['First 48 hours', 'First week', 'First month', 'First year']","output":"First 48 hours"} +{"instruction":"Most common presentation of mumps -","input":"Choices: ['Pain and lacrimation of eye', 'Pain and swelling of parotid glands', 'Pain and swelling of submandibular and sublingual glands', 'Aseptic meningitis']","output":"Pain and swelling of parotid glands"} +{"instruction":"Under national programme for prevention of nutritional blindness, a child in the age group of 6-11 months is given a mega dose of vitamin A equal to:","input":"Choices: ['50,000 IU', '1,00,000 IU', '1,50,000 IU', '2,00,000 IU']","output":"1,00,000 IU"} +{"instruction":"Linear deposition of the immunoglobulins","input":"Choices: ['Lupus nephritis', 'Good Pasteur syndrome', 'Diabetic nephropathy', 'Renal vein Thrombosis']","output":"Good Pasteur syndrome"} +{"instruction":"Perlecan is a:","input":"Choices: ['Sacolemmal protein', 'Proteoglycan', 'Glycoprotein', 'Integral protein']","output":"Proteoglycan"} +{"instruction":"Landmark for superior laryngeal nerve block","input":"Choices: ['Angle of mandible', 'C7 transverse process', 'Cricoid cailage', 'Great cornua hyoid bone']","output":"Great cornua hyoid bone"} +{"instruction":"In a patient of orbital cellulitis, micro organism on culture show greenish colonies and optochin sensitivity. The most likely organism is :","input":"Choices: ['Strep. viridans', 'Staphylococcus', 'Pseudomonas', 'Pneumococcus']","output":"Pneumococcus"} +{"instruction":"A 72-year-old woman with mild hea failure is treated overzealously with a thiazide diuretic. A few days later, the woman complains of muscle weakness, and laboratory tests demonstrate hypokalemia. Which of the following is most likely increased in this woman?","input":"Choices: ['Aerial H+ concentration', 'Plasma aldosterone', 'Plasma sodium', 'Potassium retention']","output":"Plasma aldosterone"} +{"instruction":"What is the earliest radiological finding of ulcerative colitis on single contrast barium enema?","input":"Choices: ['Loss of haustrations', 'Fine mucosal granularity', 'Pipe stem colon', 'Collar button ulcer']","output":"Fine mucosal granularity"} +{"instruction":"For a mobile tumour on vocal cord, treatment is:","input":"Choices: ['Surgery', 'Chemotherapy', 'Radiotherapy', 'None of the above']","output":"Radiotherapy"} +{"instruction":"Fick principle of calculation of cardiac output doesn't depend on-","input":"Choices: ['Whole body oxygen consumption', 'Oxygen content of arterial blood', 'Stroke volume', 'Oxygen content of venous blood']","output":"Stroke volume"} +{"instruction":"Extravasated urine following rupture of bulbar urethra collects in all the following regions except","input":"Choices: ['Penis', 'Scrotum', 'Inguinal canal', 'Beneath the superficial facia in the abdominal wall']","output":"Inguinal canal"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following condition should not considered if JVP rises on deep inspiration? ?-?","input":"Choices: ['Constrictive pericarditis', 'Restrictive cardiomyopathy', 'Complete hea block', 'Atrial fibrillation']","output":"Atrial fibrillation"} +{"instruction":"Malignant transformation is commonly seen in:","input":"Choices: ['Stomal ulcer', 'Gastric ulcer', 'Chronic duodenal ulcer', 'Postbulbar ulcer']","output":"Gastric ulcer"} +{"instruction":"Ideal percentage of CO2 required for growth of Brucella abous ?","input":"Choices: ['2-5%', '5-10%', '15-20%', '25-30%']","output":"5-10%"} +{"instruction":"An outbreak of streptococcal pharyngitis has occurred in a remote village. In order to carry out the epidemiological investigations of the outbreak it is necessary to perform the culture of the throat swab of the patients suffering from the disease. The transport media of choice would be:","input":"Choices: ['Salt mannitol media', \"Pike's media\", \"Stuart's media\", 'Cary Blair media']","output":"Pike's media"} +{"instruction":"A patient has presented with palpitations. There no past history of any similar episode(s) but he informs you that he consumed a large amount of coffee at work. What is the most appropriate first-line treatment for this patient?","input":"Choices: ['Vagal maneuvers', 'Intravenous adenosine', 'Catheter ablation', 'Cardioversion']","output":"Vagal maneuvers"} +{"instruction":"Deep peroneal nerve supplies","input":"Choices: ['1st web space of foot', '5th web space of foot', 'Antero lateral dorsum of foot', 'Lateral pa of leg']","output":"1st web space of foot"} +{"instruction":"Ashley's rule of sternum helps in determining:","input":"Choices: ['Race', 'Age', 'Sex', 'Stature']","output":"Sex"} +{"instruction":"Emergency retentive force is:","input":"Choices: ['Atmospheric pressure', 'Surface tension', 'Cohesion', 'Adhesion']","output":"Atmospheric pressure"} +{"instruction":"As per WHO 2010 guidelines, when should an HIV infected adult be staed on anti retroviral therapy?","input":"Choices: ['CD4 count less than 600 irrespective of staging', 'CD4 count less than 350 irrespective of staging', 'CD4 count less than 500 irrespective of staging', 'CD4 count less than 450 irrespective of staging']","output":"CD4 count less than 350 irrespective of staging"} +{"instruction":"Tendon absent in palm is?","input":"Choices: ['Extensor pollicis brevis', 'Flexor digitorun superficialis', 'Flexor digitorum profundus', 'Opponens pollicis']","output":"Extensor pollicis brevis"} +{"instruction":"T cell interleukins are all except ?","input":"Choices: ['IL 1', 'IL 2', 'IL 4', 'IL 5']","output":"IL 1"} +{"instruction":"A 3-month-old child has a typical mewing cry and a congenital hea disease. The most probable chromosomal abnormality is:","input":"Choices: ['5q-', '5p-', '4p-', '9p-']","output":"5p-"} +{"instruction":"An 8-month-old boy baby is evaluated because of repeated episodes of pneumococcal pneumoniA Serum studies demonstrate very low levels of IgM, IgG, and IgA This patient's condition is related to a deficiency of which of the following proteins?","input":"Choices: ['Adenosine deaminase', 'Class III MHC gene', 'Gamma chain of the IL-2 receptor', 'Tyrosine kinase']","output":"Tyrosine kinase"} +{"instruction":"The most important cells in type I hypersensitivity -","input":"Choices: ['Macrophages', 'Mast cells', 'Neutrophils', 'Lymphocytes']","output":"Mast cells"} +{"instruction":"Sternocostal surface of heart is formed by -","input":"Choices: ['Right ventricle', 'Right auricle', 'Left ventricle', 'All of the above']","output":"All of the above"} +{"instruction":"Chronic periostitis in children is known as","input":"Choices: ['Cherubisrn', \"Garre's osteomyelitis\", 'Histiocytosis X', 'Tuberculous osteomyelitis']","output":"Garre's osteomyelitis"} +{"instruction":"A 9 year old boy is admitted with acute abdominal pain localized in the right iliac fossa. He is pyrexial with localized peritonism in RIF. The causative cell involved here","input":"Choices: ['Lymphocytes', 'Neutrophil', 'Macrophages', 'Monocytes']","output":"Neutrophil"} +{"instruction":"Transection of the brain stem at the mid-pontine level with bilateral vagotomy causes ______","input":"Choices: ['Ceasation of spontaneous respiration', 'Continuation of regular breathing', 'Irregular but rhythmic respiiration', 'Apneusis']","output":"Apneusis"} +{"instruction":"Preferred biomarker for acute myocardial disease?","input":"Choices: ['Serum LDH', 'Cardiac Troponin I and II', 'CKMB', 'CKBB']","output":"Cardiac Troponin I and II"} +{"instruction":"Which is wrong regarding entonox?","input":"Choices: ['Is used for labor analgesia', 'Is a mixture of nitrous Oxide and oxygen in the ratio of 50: 50', 'Pin index is 7', 'Can be used for anesthesia']","output":"Can be used for anesthesia"} +{"instruction":"In transverse lie, the presentation is :","input":"Choices: ['Veex', 'Breech', 'Brow', 'Shoulder']","output":"Shoulder"} +{"instruction":"Most common type of meniscal injury is","input":"Choices: ['Anterior horn tear of Lateral meniscus', 'Anterior horn tear of Medial meniscus', 'Bucket handle type tear of Lateral meniscus', 'Bucket handle type tear of Medial meniscus']","output":"Bucket handle type tear of Medial meniscus"} +{"instruction":"The voice is not affected in","input":"Choices: ['Unilateral abductor palsy', 'Unilateral adductor palsy', 'Paial abductor palsy', 'Total adductor palsy']","output":"Unilateral abductor palsy"} +{"instruction":"In an normal adult, the ratio of physiological and anatomical dead space is:","input":"Choices: ['2:01', '1:03', '3:01', '1:01']","output":"1:01"} +{"instruction":"All of following are anti platelet EXCEPT:","input":"Choices: ['Aspirin', 'Clopidogrel', 'Abciximab', 'Tranexamic acid']","output":"Tranexamic acid"} +{"instruction":"Commonest side effect of cryotherapy for carcinoma cervix in situ :","input":"Choices: ['Hemorrhage', 'Persistent watery discharge', 'Cervical stenosis', 'Ulceration']","output":"Persistent watery discharge"} +{"instruction":"The American Dental Association (ADA) Specification No. 5 for Dental Casting Gold Alloys specifies :","input":"Choices: ['Minimum total gold-plus-platinum-metals -75 (wt%)', 'Minimum total gold-plus-platinum-metals -25 (wt%)', 'Minimum total gold-plus-platinum-metals -55 (wt%)', 'Minimum total gold-plus-platinum-metals >75 (wt%)']","output":"Minimum total gold-plus-platinum-metals -75 (wt%)"} +{"instruction":"The laryngeal muscle most responsible for stretching (elongating) the vocal ligament is the:","input":"Choices: ['Posterior cricoarytenoid', 'Lateral cricoarytenoid', 'Thyroarytenoid', 'Cricothyroid']","output":"Cricothyroid"} +{"instruction":"In a fracture shaft humerus which of the following complication requires immediate surgery:","input":"Choices: ['Compound fracture', 'Nerve injury', 'Aery occlusion', 'Comminuted fracture']","output":"Aery occlusion"} +{"instruction":"Patient with T3N2AM0 lower alveolar Ca requires?","input":"Choices: ['Surgery', 'Surgery + Radiotherapy', 'Radiotherapy', 'Chemotherapy']","output":"Surgery"} +{"instruction":"In Pemphigus vulgaris, tzank smear shows -","input":"Choices: ['Acantholytic cells', 'Macrophages', 'fibroblasts', 'Neutrophils']","output":"Acantholytic cells"} +{"instruction":"In TNM classification T3 stands for tumour size:","input":"Choices: ['>2 cm', '>4 cm', '<4 cm', '>4 cm with invasion of adjacent structure']","output":">4 cm"} +{"instruction":"Most common cause of adrenal insufficiency is","input":"Choices: ['Hemorrhage', 'Tuberculosis', 'Autoimmunity', 'None']","output":"Autoimmunity"} +{"instruction":"A man is convinced that his penis is receding into his body and fears that, when his penis disappears completely, he will die.Man is suffering from ?","input":"Choices: ['Koro', 'Sangue dormido', 'Amok', 'Dhat']","output":"Koro"} +{"instruction":"First sign seen in open angle glaucoma:","input":"Choices: ['Arcuate scotoma', 'Extension above blind spot', \"Roene's nasal step\", \"Siedel's scotoma\"]","output":"Extension above blind spot"} +{"instruction":"Richest source of Vitamin D -","input":"Choices: ['Milk', 'Egg', 'Halibut liver oil', 'Butter']","output":"Halibut liver oil"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is structurally related to insulin-like growth factors I and II?","input":"Choices: ['Preproinsulin', 'Proinsulin', 'Insulin', 'C peptide']","output":"Proinsulin"} +{"instruction":"Best investigation to diagnose Meckel&;s diveiculum?","input":"Choices: ['X-ray abdomen', 'Ultrasonography', 'Barium study', 'Tc 99m Peectinate scan']","output":"Tc 99m Peectinate scan"} +{"instruction":"Xerostomia is seen in all except ?","input":"Choices: ['Sjogren syndrome', 'RA', 'Sarcoidosis', 'Midline granuloma']","output":"Midline granuloma"} +{"instruction":"The common side effect with fluoxetine therapy is -","input":"Choices: ['Seizure', 'Anxiety', 'Hypotension', 'Loose stools']","output":"Loose stools"} +{"instruction":"A 26 year woman presents with a palpable thyroid nodule, and needle biopsy demonstrates amyloid in the stroma of the lesion. A cervical lymph node is palpable on the same side as the lesion, the preferred treatment should be","input":"Choices: ['Removal of the involved node, the isthmus, and the enlarged lymph node.', 'Removal of the involved lobe, the isthmus, a poion of the opposite lobe, and the enlarged lymph node.', 'Total thyroidectomy and modified neck dissection on the side of the enlarged lymph node.', 'Total thyroidectomy and irradiation of the cervical lymph nodes']","output":"Total thyroidectomy and modified neck dissection on the side of the enlarged lymph node."} +{"instruction":"Fibreoptic scopes are sterilized by","input":"Choices: ['Glutaraldehyde', 'Ethylene oxide', 'Autoclaving', 'Alcohol']","output":"Glutaraldehyde"} +{"instruction":"History of dislike for sweet food items is typically present in -","input":"Choices: ['Diabetes mellitus', 'Glycogen storage disease', 'Hereditary fructose intolerance', 'None']","output":"Hereditary fructose intolerance"} +{"instruction":"Lithogenic bile has the following propeies:","input":"Choices: ['Increased bile and cholesterol ratio', 'Decreased bile and cholesterol ratio', 'Equal bile and cholesterol ratio', 'Decreased cholesterol only']","output":"Decreased bile and cholesterol ratio"} +{"instruction":"In a randomized controlled trial, the essential purpose of randomization is -","input":"Choices: ['To produce double blinding', 'To decrease the follow- up period', 'To eliminate the selection bias', 'To decrease the sample size']","output":"To eliminate the selection bias"} +{"instruction":"All are of adult size at bih except:","input":"Choices: ['Mastoid antrum', 'Ear Ossicles', 'Tyrnpanic cavity', 'Maxillary antrum']","output":"Maxillary antrum"} +{"instruction":"Which is not an adverse effect of Amphotericin B?","input":"Choices: ['Hepatotoxicity', 'Hyperkalemia', 'Thrombopenia', 'Arrhythmias']","output":"Hyperkalemia"} +{"instruction":"Purkinje cells of cerebellum are connected to ?","input":"Choices: ['Basket cells', 'Stellate cells', 'Deep cerebellar nuclei', 'All of the above']","output":"All of the above"} +{"instruction":"The oxidation of Galactose with strong oxidizing agent produces:","input":"Choices: ['Mucic Acid', 'Gluconic Acid', 'Galacturonic acid', 'Saccharic Acid']","output":"Mucic Acid"} +{"instruction":"A patient is on low calcium diet for 8 weeks. Level of which of the following increases to maintain serum calcium levels?","input":"Choices: ['PTH', 'Calcitonin', 'Active 24, 25 dihydroxy cholecalciferol', 'Serum phosphate level']","output":"PTH"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is the cause of donovanosis?","input":"Choices: ['H. ducreyi', 'K. granulomatis', 'Leishmania donovani', 'Treponema pallidum']","output":"K. granulomatis"} +{"instruction":"HMB 45 is a tumor marker for","input":"Choices: ['Neuroblastoma', 'Neurofibroma', 'Malignant melanoma', 'Angiosarcoma']","output":"Malignant melanoma"} +{"instruction":"Resuscitation time of the human retina following ischaemia is:","input":"Choices: ['30 minutes', '45 minutes', '1 to 2 hours', '15 to 20 minutes']","output":"1 to 2 hours"} +{"instruction":"Which bony structure protects the middle meningeal artery?","input":"Choices: ['Nasion', 'Pterion', 'Bregma', 'Occiput']","output":"Pterion"} +{"instruction":"Sudeck's atrophy is associated with -a) Osteoporosisb) Osteophyte formationc) Osteopeniad) Osteochondritis","input":"Choices: ['a', 'ac', 'ad', 'b']","output":"ac"} +{"instruction":"In Mallory Weiss syndrome the rupture commonly occurs at -","input":"Choices: ['Gastric cardia', 'Oesophagus mucosa', 'Gastro oesophageal junction', 'Gastroduodenal junction']","output":"Gastric cardia"} +{"instruction":"Hypermability of joint and hyperelasticity is seen in -","input":"Choices: ['Marfan syndrome', 'Ehlers danlos syndrome', 'Fragile X-syndrome', 'Angelman syndrome']","output":"Ehlers danlos syndrome"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following may result in Seal like limbs deformity in new-born?","input":"Choices: ['Diethylstilbestrol', 'Thalidomide', 'Valproate', 'Progestins']","output":"Thalidomide"} +{"instruction":"True statements about Pneumococcus are all except-","input":"Choices: [\"Pneumolysin a thiolactivated toxin, exerts a variety of effect on ciliary & PMN's\", 'Autolysin may contribute to the pathogenesis of pneumococcal disease by lysing the bacteria', 'Anticapsular antibodies are serotype specific', 'The virulence of pneumococci is dependent only on the production of the capsular polysaccharide']","output":"The virulence of pneumococci is dependent only on the production of the capsular polysaccharide"} +{"instruction":"1st evidence of calcification of Mandibular Lateral incisor occurs","input":"Choices: ['3-4 months', '4-6 months', '5-7 months', 'None of the above']","output":"3-4 months"} +{"instruction":"Mental foramen is located near","input":"Choices: ['First premolar of mandible', 'Second molar of mandible', 'Canine of mandible', 'Canine of maxilla']","output":"First premolar of mandible"} +{"instruction":"Enophthalmos is an uncommon feature of Horner's syndrome. Enophthalmos is due to palsy of:","input":"Choices: ['Levator palpebrae superioris', 'Superior tarsal muscle', 'Orbitalis muscle', 'Inferior tarsal muscle']","output":"Orbitalis muscle"} +{"instruction":"Triple therapy in Rheumatoid Ahritis involves all except","input":"Choices: ['Methotrexate', 'Hydroxychloroquine', 'Steroids', 'Sulphasalazine']","output":"Steroids"} +{"instruction":"During the process of accommodation, there is","input":"Choices: ['an increase principally in the posterior curvature of the lens', 'an increase principally in the anterior curvature of the lens', 'relaxation of ciliary muscle', 'decrease in the synthesis of rhodopsin']","output":"an increase principally in the anterior curvature of the lens"} +{"instruction":"All of the following are mesodermal in origin except:","input":"Choices: ['Dilators of iris', 'Iris stroma', 'Ciliary body', 'Choroid']","output":"Dilators of iris"} +{"instruction":"What is the degree of this burn shown below?","input":"Choices: ['1st degree', '2nd degree', '3rd degree', '4th degree']","output":"2nd degree"} +{"instruction":"Which among the following can be continued on the day of surgery","input":"Choices: ['Heparin', 'Statins', 'Warfarin', 'Amitryptiline']","output":"Statins"} +{"instruction":"Twelve-year-old boy with vesicle over lip. Investigation to be done is:","input":"Choices: ['KOH mount', 'Tzank smear', 'Diascopy', 'Woods lamp']","output":"Tzank smear"} +{"instruction":"The teiary structure of protein is detected by:","input":"Choices: ['X- ray diffraction \/ crystallographs.', 'Spectrophotometry', 'Electrophoresis.', 'Chromatography.']","output":"X- ray diffraction \/ crystallographs."} +{"instruction":"Function of primary dentition is\/are:","input":"Choices: ['Formation of clear speech and chewing.', 'Provide lip support, cheek support and smile.', 'Development and alveolar bone and provide space for secondary dentition.', 'All of the above.']","output":"All of the above."} +{"instruction":"Mechanism of action of propylthiouracil:","input":"Choices: ['inhibition of organification of iodine', 'inhibition of oxidation', 'inhibition of coupling', 'all of the above']","output":"all of the above"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following opioids has maximum plasma protein binding capacity?","input":"Choices: ['Morphine', 'Sufentanil', 'Fentanyl', 'Pethidine']","output":"Sufentanil"} +{"instruction":"Dying declaration can be recieved by :","input":"Choices: ['Medical officer', 'Lawyer', 'Police officer', 'All']","output":"All"} +{"instruction":"Cavernous sinus receives blood from -","input":"Choices: ['Superior ophthalmic vein', 'Superior petrosal sinus', 'Inferior petrosal sinus', 'Basilar plexus of veins']","output":"Superior ophthalmic vein"} +{"instruction":"FK-506 is a","input":"Choices: ['>It is a macrolide antibiotic', '>Immunoglobulin antibody', '>Non depolarising muscle relaxant', '>Opioid analgesic']","output":">It is a macrolide antibiotic"} +{"instruction":"Thumb sign is seen in __________________","input":"Choices: ['Acute epiglottitis', 'Acute laryngo trachea bronchitis', 'Acute tonsillitis', 'Acute laryngitis']","output":"Acute epiglottitis"} +{"instruction":"The following anti-HIV drug should not be combined with zidovudine because of mutual antagonism","input":"Choices: ['Nevirapine', 'Ritonavir', 'Stavudine', 'Lamivudine']","output":"Stavudine"} +{"instruction":"Which tumor is not seen int the anterior mediastinum -","input":"Choices: ['Teratoma', 'Thymic tumours', 'Thytroid tumours', 'Neurofibroma']","output":"Neurofibroma"} +{"instruction":"In which stage of anaesthesia patient becomes hyperactive:","input":"Choices: ['Stage 1', 'Stage 2', 'Stage 3', 'Stage 4']","output":"Stage 2"} +{"instruction":"Impaired function of Aquaporin results in","input":"Choices: ['Nephrogenic DI', 'Liddle syndrome', 'Cystic fibrosis', 'Baer syndrome']","output":"Nephrogenic DI"} +{"instruction":"Which Organism is \"Non Capsulated\":","input":"Choices: ['Klibesella', 'H. influenza', 'E. Coli', 'Anthrax bacillus']","output":"E. Coli"} +{"instruction":"Most effective non habit forming sedative is:","input":"Choices: ['Lorazepam', 'Zolpidem', 'Flurazepam', 'Trazodone']","output":"Zolpidem"} +{"instruction":"Malnutrition-related diabetes mellitus is related with all, except:","input":"Choices: ['Body mass index <19', 'Positive past history of pancreatitis', 'Commoner variety is fibrocalculous pancreatic type', 'Ketosis']","output":"Ketosis"} +{"instruction":"Commonest carcinoma of the with multifocal origin is","input":"Choices: ['Schirrhous carcinoma', 'Adenocystic carcinoma', 'Lobular carcinoma', 'Ductal carcinoma']","output":"Ductal carcinoma"} +{"instruction":"Most common psychotherapy used for depression is-","input":"Choices: ['Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)', 'Reminiscent therapy (RT)', 'Interpersonal therapy (IPT)', 'Supportive therapy (ST)']","output":"Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)"} +{"instruction":"Pelkan spur is seen in -","input":"Choices: ['Rickets', 'Scurvy', 'Hemophilia', 'All']","output":"Scurvy"} +{"instruction":"Ionophores have following action except","input":"Choices: ['Abolish proton gradient', 'Inhibit ADP to ATP conversion', 'Hydrophilic in character', 'Abolish pH gradient']","output":"Hydrophilic in character"} +{"instruction":"All decrease in iron deficiency anemia except?","input":"Choices: ['Ferritin', 'TIBC', 'Iron', 'Transferrin']","output":"TIBC"} +{"instruction":"True statement regarding extracellular fluid to intracellular fluid is:","input":"Choices: ['ECF is rich in K+', 'ECF volume is twice that of the ICF', 'ECF is rich in organic anion', 'There is high sodium and low potassium in ECF']","output":"There is high sodium and low potassium in ECF"} +{"instruction":"Raised MCV in pregnancy can be due to:","input":"Choices: ['Megaloblastic anemia', 'Alcohol use', 'Hypothyroidism', 'All of the above']","output":"All of the above"} +{"instruction":"Which ATT drug is to be avoided in pregnancy -","input":"Choices: ['INH', 'Rifampicin', 'Streptomycin', 'Ethambutol']","output":"Streptomycin"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is not a sign of stellate ganglion block?","input":"Choices: ['Meiosis', 'Exophtahalmos', 'Nasal congestion', 'Conjunctival redness']","output":"Exophtahalmos"} +{"instruction":"Past contamination of water is indicated by -","input":"Choices: ['Free and saline ammonia', 'Dissolved H2S', 'Nitrites', 'Nitrates']","output":"Nitrates"} +{"instruction":"Schistosoma japonicum resides in -","input":"Choices: ['Vesical Plexus', 'Splenic Vein', 'Systemic Circulation', 'Gall bladder']","output":"Splenic Vein"} +{"instruction":"Sinus arrhythmia is due to-","input":"Choices: ['Sinus node disease', 'Exaggerated response to sympathetic system', 'Fluctuating parasympathetic response during respiration', 'Decreased hea rate in inspiration']","output":"Fluctuating parasympathetic response during respiration"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following increases castability of base metal alloys?","input":"Choices: ['Tin', 'Beryllium', 'Molybdenum', 'Carbon']","output":"Beryllium"} +{"instruction":"Metrorrhagia is","input":"Choices: ['Heavy menstrual bleeding', 'Intermenstrual bleeding', 'Break through bleeding', 'Post coital bleeding']","output":"Intermenstrual bleeding"} +{"instruction":"The germinal cell layer surrounding the oocyte before ovulation is known as :","input":"Choices: ['Zona pellucida', 'Zona reticularis', 'Cumulous oophorus', 'Zona glomerulosa']","output":"Cumulous oophorus"} +{"instruction":"Amount of blood in heart:","input":"Choices: ['250-300 ml', '500-600 ml', '1-2 litre', '100-200 ml']","output":"500-600 ml"} +{"instruction":"A diabetic mother gives bih to a baby who dies in the first week of life. Autopsy reveals a severe cardiac malformation. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?","input":"Choices: ['Atrial septal defect', 'Coarctation of the aoa', \"Eisenmenger's syndrome\", 'Transposition of the great aeries']","output":"Transposition of the great aeries"} +{"instruction":"An infant with respiratory distress was intubated. The fastest and accurate method to confirm intubation","input":"Choices: ['Capnography', 'Clinically by auscultation', 'Chest radiography', 'Airway pressure measurement']","output":"Capnography"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following statements about pyogenic abscess of the liver are true?","input":"Choices: ['The right lobe is more commonly involved than the left lobe.', 'Appendicitis with perforation and abscess is the most common underlying cause of hepatic abscess.', 'Moality is largely not determined by the underlying disease.', 'Moality from hepatic abscess is currently greater than 40%.']","output":"The right lobe is more commonly involved than the left lobe."} +{"instruction":"Estrogen receptor activity is clinically useful in predicting","input":"Choices: ['The presence of ovarian cancer', 'The presence of metastatic disease', 'Response to chemotherapy', 'Response to hormonal manipulation']","output":"Response to hormonal manipulation"} +{"instruction":"If less current is needed to elicit a response from a traumatized tooth indicates:","input":"Choices: ['Pulpal inflammation', 'Pulp necrosis.', 'Pulp death.', 'All of the above.']","output":"Pulpal inflammation"} +{"instruction":"Antacid drug that typically causes diarrhea?","input":"Choices: ['Sodium bicarbonate', 'Magnesium hydroxide', 'Calcium bicarbonate', 'Aluminium hydroxide']","output":"Magnesium hydroxide"} +{"instruction":"Muscle which helps in whistling?","input":"Choices: ['Zygomaticus major', 'Buccinator', 'Procerus', 'Platysma']","output":"Buccinator"} +{"instruction":"Within the RCBC, hypoxia stimulates glycolysis by which of the following regulating pathways?","input":"Choices: ['Hypoxia Stimulates pyruvate dehydrogenase by increased 2, 3 BPG', 'Hypoxia inhibits hexokinase', 'Hypoxia stimulates release of all Glycolytic enzymes from Band 3 on RBC membrane', 'Activation of the regulatory enzymes by high PH']","output":"Hypoxia Stimulates pyruvate dehydrogenase by increased 2, 3 BPG"} +{"instruction":"Breathing movement of fetus on USG is first detected on?","input":"Choices: ['11 weeks', '20 weeks', '24 weeks', '26 weeks']","output":"11 weeks"} +{"instruction":"Hb saturation with oxygen is mostly dependent on","input":"Choices: ['pO2', 'pCO2', 'HCO3-levels', 'Hb %']","output":"pO2"} +{"instruction":"The following drug is used for the treatment of type II lepra reaction, except -","input":"Choices: ['Chloroquine', 'Thalidomide', 'Cyclosporine', 'Corticosteroid']","output":"Cyclosporine"} +{"instruction":"Endotoxins have all but one of the properties given below:","input":"Choices: ['Produced by gram negative bacteria', 'Produced by gram positive bacteria', 'Not secreted outside the cell', 'Cannot be toxoided']","output":"Produced by gram positive bacteria"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is an anti-apoptotic gene?","input":"Choices: ['C-myc', 'p53', 'bcl-2', 'bax']","output":"bcl-2"} +{"instruction":"The disadvantage of Marshall Marchetti Krantz procedure compared with other surgical alternatives for treatment of stress urinary incontinence includes:","input":"Choices: ['Urinary retention', 'Increased incidence of urinary tract infections', 'High failure rate', 'Osteitis pubis']","output":"Osteitis pubis"} +{"instruction":"A 3-year-old boy is admitted to the hospital with signs of acute renal failure. Radiologic studies reveal that the boy has bilateral masses involving both kidneys. Examination of biopsy material confirms the diagnosis of Wilms tumor. Which of the following gene mutations is the most common in Wilms tumor?","input":"Choices: ['The gene responsible for WT1', 'The gene responsible for HGF', 'The gene responsible for VEGF', 'The gene responsible for GDNF']","output":"The gene responsible for WT1"} +{"instruction":"Savita is 32 weeks pregnant presents in causality and diagnosed as a case of APH. Vitals are unstable with BP 80\/60 which of the following is next step in M\/n","input":"Choices: ['Careful observation', 'Blood transfusion', 'Medical induction of labour', 'Immediate cesarean section']","output":"Blood transfusion"} +{"instruction":"A 60-year-old male presented to medical OPD with complains of progressive difficulty in breathing. The patient was also taking amiodarone for 5 years for atrial fibrillation. Chest x ray reveals the following finding. PFTs reveals reduced Which of the following cells are damaged in the above condition: -","input":"Choices: ['Clara cell', 'Type l pneumocyte', 'Type ll pneumocyte', 'Basal cells']","output":"Type l pneumocyte"} +{"instruction":"Not a feature of diabetes mellitus in pregnancy","input":"Choices: ['Postdatism', 'Hydramnios', 'Neonatal hyperglycemia', 'congenital defect']","output":"Neonatal hyperglycemia"} +{"instruction":"Glucoronide reaction is seen in","input":"Choices: ['Phase 1', 'Phase 2', 'Enzymatic reaction with NADPH', 'Non enzymatic reaction']","output":"Phase 2"} +{"instruction":"A patient develops an infection of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. All of the following can be used to treat this infection except :","input":"Choices: ['Cotrimoxazole', 'Cefaclor', 'Ciprofloxacin', 'Vancomycin']","output":"Cefaclor"} +{"instruction":"Intracellular receptors are used by ?","input":"Choices: ['ACTH', 'TSH', 'Glucocoicoids', 'Insulin']","output":"Glucocoicoids"} +{"instruction":"The uses of anticholinergics include all the following except","input":"Choices: ['Peptic ulcer', 'Motion sickness', 'Tachycardia', 'Spasmodic pain']","output":"Tachycardia"} +{"instruction":"The Y-axis is also known as growth axis because","input":"Choices: [\"Its axis is parallel to patient's growth in height\", 'It is an indicator of the direction of growth pattern', 'It is an indicator of the amount of facial growth', 'It increases in size as the growth increases']","output":"It is an indicator of the direction of growth pattern"} +{"instruction":"Dislocation of the lens is seen in all the following conditions except","input":"Choices: ['Congential Rubella', 'Marchesani Syndrome', 'Marfan Syndrome', 'Homocystimuria']","output":"Congential Rubella"} +{"instruction":"All of the following comments about cystic fibrosis (CF) are true except:","input":"Choices: ['it can cause diarrhea', 'Staphylococcus aureus, Hemophilus influenzae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are common causes of respiratory infections.', 'A low concentration of sodium or chloride in sweat is diagnostic of CF.', 'Rhinosinustis is a common finding in CF.']","output":"A low concentration of sodium or chloride in sweat is diagnostic of CF."} +{"instruction":"A metastatic tumour least common in -","input":"Choices: ['Pelvis', 'Ribs', 'Small bone of lower limb', 'Vertebra']","output":"Small bone of lower limb"} +{"instruction":"Which of the 5HT1 agonist drug act as anxiolytic agent","input":"Choices: ['Diazepam', 'Zolpedem', 'Cinnarizine', 'Buspirone']","output":"Buspirone"} +{"instruction":"About cranial trauma false is","input":"Choices: ['Raccoon eyes seen in subgaleal hemorrhage', 'Depressed skull is associated with brain injury at the immediate area of impact', 'Caicocavernous fistula occur in base skull', 'Post traumatic epilepsy seen in 15%']","output":"Raccoon eyes seen in subgaleal hemorrhage"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is false for the given specimen?","input":"Choices: ['Bilateral in 10% to 15%', 'About 10% undergo malignant transformation', 'Unilocular cysts', 'Common during the active reproductive years.']","output":"About 10% undergo malignant transformation"} +{"instruction":"Sclera is thinnest at:","input":"Choices: ['Posterior pole', 'Equator', 'Corneoscleral junction', 'Points of muscular attachments']","output":"Points of muscular attachments"} +{"instruction":"The oxygen carrying capacity of an 18-year-old boy with hemoglobin of 14 g\/dl is","input":"Choices: ['14', '16', '18', '22']","output":"18"} +{"instruction":"A premature infant is more likely than a full term infant to -","input":"Choices: ['Suffer from jaundice of hepatic origin', 'Maintain in normal body temperature in a cold environment', 'Excrete urine with a uniform specific gravity', 'Suffer from anaemia']","output":"Suffer from jaundice of hepatic origin"} +{"instruction":"Biological amnesia is -","input":"Choices: ['Lack of interest', 'Presenile dementia', 'Opioid addiction', 'Hypothyroidism']","output":"Presenile dementia"} +{"instruction":"What is the drug of choice to control supraventricular tachycardia-","input":"Choices: ['Adenosine', 'Propranolol', 'Timolol', 'Digoxin']","output":"Adenosine"} +{"instruction":"A 69-year-old man has numbness in the middle three digits of his right hand and finds it difficult to grasp objects with that hand. He states that he retired 9 years earlier, after working as a carpenter for 50 years. He has atrophy of the thenar eminence ( Fig ). Which of the following conditions is the most likely cause of the problems in his hand?,","input":"Choices: ['Compression of the median nerve in the carpal tunnel', 'Repeated trauma to the ulnar nerve', 'Osteoahritis of the cervical spine', 'Formation of the osteophytes that compress the ulnar nerve at the medial epicondyle']","output":"Compression of the median nerve in the carpal tunnel"} +{"instruction":"Most common coupling agent used in composite is:","input":"Choices: ['Organosilanes', 'Zirconates', 'Titanates', 'None']","output":"Organosilanes"} +{"instruction":"An adult presents to a physician because of repeated episodes of fainting. EKG fails to disclose an arrhythmia. Echocardiogram shows a mass in the left atrium that is acting like a \"ball valve\" to produce intermittent obstruction of flow. Which of the following would most likely be seen on microscopic examination of the resected mass?","input":"Choices: ['Benign myxoid tumor', 'Benign tumor with gland formation', 'Benign tumor with striated muscle differentiation', 'Malignant tumor with gland formation']","output":"Benign myxoid tumor"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following indicates the most severe form of fetal distress -","input":"Choices: ['Decreased S\/D ratio', 'Reversal of diastolic flow', 'Absent diastolic flow', 'Increased S\/D ratio']","output":"Reversal of diastolic flow"} +{"instruction":"A middle aged male comes to the OPD with the only complaint of hoarseness of voice for the past 2 years He has been a chronic smoker for 30 years, on examination, a reddish area of mucosal irregularity overlying a poion of both cords was seen. Management would include all EXCEPT","input":"Choices: ['Cessation of smoking', 'Bilateral cordectomy', 'Microlaryngeal surgery for biopsy', 'Regular follow up']","output":"Bilateral cordectomy"} +{"instruction":"'Hand and Foot' syndrome can be caused by :","input":"Choices: ['Cisplatin', 'Vincristine', 'Capecitabine', 'Mitomycin-C']","output":"Capecitabine"} +{"instruction":"All the following cephalosporins have significant activity against Pseudomonas Species except","input":"Choices: ['Cefoperazone', 'Ceftazidime', 'Cefotaxime', 'Cefepime']","output":"Cefotaxime"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is responsible for dental caries?","input":"Choices: ['S.Mutans', 'S.Mitis', 'S.Sanguis', 'All the above']","output":"All the above"} +{"instruction":"Di collar or grease collar is seen in -","input":"Choices: ['Punctured wound by sharp weapon', 'Lacerated wound', 'Firearm entry wound', 'Stab wound']","output":"Firearm entry wound"} +{"instruction":"In case of normal curve, the limits mean +\/- 2SD cover:","input":"Choices: ['66%', '78%', '95%', '99%']","output":"95%"} +{"instruction":"Lady with central obesity & bad. Skin showing purple striae -","input":"Choices: [\"Corm's syndrome\", \"Cushing's syndrome\", \"Addison's disease\", 'Hypothyroidism']","output":"Cushing's syndrome"} +{"instruction":"In the postnatal period the greatest growth in the grey matter of the C.N.S. is of","input":"Choices: ['Length of Axon', 'Neuron cell number', 'Dendritic tree', 'Size of Perikaryon']","output":"Dendritic tree"} +{"instruction":"The most abundant extracellular cation is?","input":"Choices: ['Chloride', 'Sodium', 'Calcium', 'Potassium']","output":"Sodium"} +{"instruction":"All the following drugs are used in hepatic encephalopathy except:","input":"Choices: ['L.O.L.A', 'Rifaximin', 'Lactulose', 'Phenobarbitone']","output":"Phenobarbitone"} +{"instruction":"Vitamin A intoxication cause injury to","input":"Choices: ['Lysosomes', 'Mitochondria', 'Endoplasmic reticulum', 'Microtubules']","output":"Lysosomes"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is present normally in the urine of a pregnant women in the third trimester and lactation?","input":"Choices: ['Glucose', 'Lactose', 'Galactose', 'Fructose']","output":"Glucose"} +{"instruction":"The colour of gingiva is due to","input":"Choices: ['Capillaries', 'Thickness of epithelium', 'Thickness of keratinisation and pigmentation', 'All the above']","output":"All the above"} +{"instruction":"Pneumothorax of what size generally needs operative treatment?","input":"Choices: ['>10%', '>20%', '>30%', '>40%']","output":">20%"} +{"instruction":"Discharge from Baroreceptors cause inhibition of","input":"Choices: ['Caudal ventrolateral medulla', 'Rostral ventrolateral medulla', 'Nucleus of tractus solitarius', 'Nucleus ambiguus']","output":"Rostral ventrolateral medulla"} +{"instruction":"Shoest acting nondepolarising muscle relaxant","input":"Choices: ['Succinylcholine', 'Mivacurium', 'Atracurium', 'Vecuronium']","output":"Mivacurium"} +{"instruction":"Common natural flora of skin are -","input":"Choices: ['Streptococcus', 'Staphylococcus aureus', 'Candida albicans', 'All']","output":"All"} +{"instruction":"Gastric motility decreases in A\/E-","input":"Choices: ['Diabetes', 'Upper abdominal surgery', 'Head injury', 'Hypehyroid']","output":"Hypehyroid"} +{"instruction":"TPN is initiated in a 44-year-old woman with Crohn's disease. In parenteral alimentation, carbohydrates should be provided in an optimal ratio of which of the following?","input":"Choices: ['1 kcal\/g nitrogen', '5 kcal\/g nitrogen', '10 kcal\/g nitrogen', '100 kcal\/g nitrogen']","output":"100 kcal\/g nitrogen"} +{"instruction":"Primary motor area of brain is supplied by","input":"Choices: ['Anterior cerebral aery', 'Middle cerebral aery', 'Anterior and middle cerebral aery', 'Anterior and posterior cerebral aery']","output":"Anterior and middle cerebral aery"} +{"instruction":"True regarding pseudomembranous colitis are all except:","input":"Choices: ['It is caused by Clostridium difficile', 'The organism is a normal commensal of gut', 'It is due to production of phospholipase A', 'It is treated by vancomycin']","output":"It is due to production of phospholipase A"} +{"instruction":"A 10 year old male, although mentally retarded, is able to carry out activities of daily living, including feeding and dressing himself. On physical examination, he has branchycephaly and oblique palpebral fissures with prominent epicanthal folds. On the palm of each hand is seen a transverse crease. On auscultation of the chest, there is a grade III\/IV systolic murmur. Which of the following diseases will be most likely have by the age of 20 -","input":"Choices: ['Acute leukemia', 'Hepatic cirrhosis', 'Chronic renal failure', 'Acute myocardial infarction']","output":"Acute leukemia"} +{"instruction":"Last organ to putrefy in females is: BHU 12","input":"Choices: ['Kidney', 'Uterus', 'Brain', 'Spleen']","output":"Uterus"} +{"instruction":"Features of Giardiasis -a) Mal absorptionb) Cyst with 4 nucleic) Trophozoite with four nucleid) Common in hypogammaglobulinemia","input":"Choices: ['abd', 'ad', 'bc', 'bcd']","output":"abd"} +{"instruction":"The characteristic changes in the radiographic appearance of the alveolar bone is seen in:","input":"Choices: ['Monostotic fibrous dysplasia', 'Hemifacial hyperplasia', 'Segmental odontomaxillary dysplasia', 'Both 1 and 3']","output":"Both 1 and 3"} +{"instruction":"Sickle cell disease is:","input":"Choices: ['Inherited as AR', 'Inherited as AD', 'Inherited as XLR', 'Inherited as XLD']","output":"Inherited as AR"} +{"instruction":"The duration of treatment with rifampicin by which a leprosy patient becomes non-infective is:","input":"Choices: ['1 week', '2 weeks', '3 weeks', '4 weeks']","output":"3 weeks"} +{"instruction":"Fat mesentry is sent for investigation in which poisoning-","input":"Choices: ['Carbon monoxide', 'Organophosphorous', 'Arsenic', 'Lead']","output":"Organophosphorous"} +{"instruction":"Which among the following is type B breathing circuit","input":"Choices: ['D', 'C', 'B', 'A']","output":"B"} +{"instruction":"Excessive intake (hypervitaminosis) of which of the following vitamin is associated with increased risk of congenital malformations -","input":"Choices: ['Vitamin-A', 'Biotin', 'Folic acid', 'Vitamin-K']","output":"Vitamin-A"} +{"instruction":"Coupling agent present in composite","input":"Choices: ['Organosilanes', 'Silica', 'BIS-GMA', 'TEGDMA']","output":"Organosilanes"} +{"instruction":"Remaining bone associated with implant papillary level of single tooth implant is denoted by?","input":"Choices: ['Bone level surrounding adjacent natural bone height', '5 mm of implant abutment junction', '5 mm of implant bone level', 'According to bone height of implant']","output":"Bone level surrounding adjacent natural bone height"} +{"instruction":"Perifascicular atrophy of muscle fibres is seen in -","input":"Choices: ['Steroid myopathy', 'Dermatomyositis', 'Inclusion body myositis', 'Nemaline myopathy']","output":"Dermatomyositis"} +{"instruction":"Testes completely descend into the scrotum by the age of:","input":"Choices: ['End of 7th month of intrauterine life', 'End of 8th month of intrauterine life', 'End of 9th month of intrauterine life', 'After bih']","output":"End of 9th month of intrauterine life"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following does not progress to carcinoma","input":"Choices: ['Bowens disease', 'Bowenoid papulosis', 'Leukoplakia', 'Erythroplakia']","output":"Bowenoid papulosis"} +{"instruction":"T3 Stage in oral cancer is -","input":"Choices: ['Tumour > 2cm in greatest dimension', 'Tumour > 4cmin greatest dimension', 'Tumour > 6cmin greatest dimension', 'Tumour > 8cmin greatest dimension']","output":"Tumour > 4cmin greatest dimension"} +{"instruction":"Treatment for pyoderma gangrenosum is ?","input":"Choices: ['Steroids', 'I.V. antibiotics', 'Surgery + antibiotics', 'Surgery alone']","output":"Surgery + antibiotics"} +{"instruction":"All are primary suppos of uterus except","input":"Choices: ['transcervical ligament', 'pubocervical ligament', 'uterosacral ligament', 'broad ligament']","output":"broad ligament"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is highly effective in preventing convulsions in a woman with severe preeclampsia?","input":"Choices: ['Phenytoin', 'MgSO4', 'Diazepam', 'Levetiracetam']","output":"MgSO4"} +{"instruction":"Pott's spine is commonest at which spine:","input":"Choices: ['Thoracolumbar', 'Sacral', 'Cervical', 'Lumbosacral']","output":"Thoracolumbar"} +{"instruction":"Breast feeding is contraindicated in","input":"Choices: ['Mother in failure', 'Mother with Hep B', 'Mother with TB', 'Mother with Leukemia']","output":"Mother with TB"} +{"instruction":"Globe rupture due to blunt trauma is indicated by -","input":"Choices: ['Blow out fracture', 'Lens subluxation', 'Contusion + haemorrhage + low intraocular pressure', 'Proptosis and decreased mobility of muscle']","output":"Contusion + haemorrhage + low intraocular pressure"} +{"instruction":"Drug used for sclerotherapy of varicose veins are all of the following except: September 2007","input":"Choices: ['Ethanolamine Oleate', 'Polidocanol', 'Ethanol', 'Sodium tetradecyl sulfate']","output":"Ethanol"} +{"instruction":"AFP is raised in all except :","input":"Choices: ['Polycystic kidney', 'Trisomy', 'IUD', 'Oesophageal atresia']","output":"Trisomy"} +{"instruction":"'Flying foetus' is associated with the following type of presentation of the fetus:","input":"Choices: ['Breech', 'Shoulder', 'Brow', 'Veex']","output":"Breech"} +{"instruction":"SA node blood supply is -","input":"Choices: ['Rt. coronary', 'Lt. coronary', 'Lt. and descending', 'Ant aortic sinus']","output":"Rt. coronary"} +{"instruction":"Runners fracture occurs in which bone?","input":"Choices: ['Fibula', 'Femur', 'Tibia', 'All of the above']","output":"Fibula"} +{"instruction":"Thoracic duct crosses from right side to left side at which veebral level","input":"Choices: ['T10', 'T5', 'L2', 'L5']","output":"T5"} +{"instruction":"All of the following are acquired causes of hypercoagulability, except:","input":"Choices: ['Infection', 'Inflammatory Bowel disease', 'Myeloproliferative disorders', 'Prolonged surgery > 1 hour']","output":"Infection"} +{"instruction":"L-thyroxine can be given safely in cases of","input":"Choices: ['Hypothyroidism', 'Hyperthyroidism', \"Hashimoto's disease\", \"Graves' disease\"]","output":"Hypothyroidism"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following statements is true regarding fat embolism -","input":"Choices: ['Most patients with major trauma involving long bones have urinary fat globules', 'All patients with urinary fat globules develop fat embolism', 'Peak incidence of respiratory insufficiency for pulmonary fat embolism is around day 7 after injury', 'Heparin as an anticoagulant decreases mortality and morbidity in fat embolism syndrome']","output":"Most patients with major trauma involving long bones have urinary fat globules"} +{"instruction":"A 52-year-old man presents with a chronic cough and shortness of breath. He admits to smoking two packs of cigarettes a day for 30 years. Pulmonary function tests reveal chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. In counseling this patient, you advise him to stop smoking immediately You also mention that, in addition to emphysema, which of the following organs carries a significantly increased risk of smoking-related cancer?","input":"Choices: ['Brain', 'Liver', 'Pancreas', 'Skin']","output":"Pancreas"} +{"instruction":"Le dance sign is seen in","input":"Choices: ['Appendicitis', 'Intussusception', 'Meconium ileus', 'Large bowel obstruction']","output":"Intussusception"} +{"instruction":"Aniseikonia means –","input":"Choices: ['Difference in the axial length of the eyeballs', 'Difference in the size of corneas', 'Difference in the size of pupils', 'Difference in the size of image formed by the two eyes']","output":"Difference in the size of image formed by the two eyes"} +{"instruction":"Diplococcus pneumoniae shows the following characters except","input":"Choices: ['Capsule', 'Bile solubility test positive', 'Causes Meningitis', 'Not pathogenic to mice']","output":"Not pathogenic to mice"} +{"instruction":"Counselor must have all except","input":"Choices: ['Patience', 'Sympathy', 'Understanding', 'Sensitivity']","output":"Sensitivity"} +{"instruction":"A 24-year-old woman appears at 8 weeks of pregnancy and reveals a history of pulmonary embolism 7 years ago during her first pregnancy She was treated with intravenous heparin followed by several months of oral warfarin (Coumadin) and has had no further evidence of thromboembolic disease for over 6 years. Which of the following statements about her current condition is true?","input":"Choices: ['Having no evidence of disease for over 5 years means that the risk of thromboembolism is not greater than normal', 'Impedance plethysmography is not a useful study to evaluate for deep venous thrombosis in pregnancy', 'Doppler ultrasonography is not a useful technique to evaluate for deep venous thrombosis in pregnancy', 'The patient should be placed on low-dose heparin therapy throughout pregnancy and puerperium']","output":"The patient should be placed on low-dose heparin therapy throughout pregnancy and puerperium"} +{"instruction":"Reverse splitting of S2 is seen in all except -","input":"Choices: ['LBBB', 'WPW typeA', 'LV pacing', 'Systemic hypeension']","output":"LV pacing"} +{"instruction":"Carotid body tumor arises from? -","input":"Choices: ['Not a tumor but called a tumo', 'Carotid aery', 'Parasympathetic paraganglioma', 'Sympathetic paraganglioma']","output":"Parasympathetic paraganglioma"} +{"instruction":"MHC I, II and III function for:","input":"Choices: ['Intracellular antigen, extracellular antigens and complement', 'Extracellular antigens, intracellular antigens, toxins', 'Cytokines', 'Macrophages']","output":"Cytokines"} +{"instruction":"A 22-year-old patient,presents with multiple neural tumors, pigmented iris hamaomas, and numerous tan macules on his skin. He informs the physician that his father, as well as one uncle and his paternal grandfather, had a similar condition. This patient likely suffers from which of the following?","input":"Choices: ['Ependymoma', 'Huntington disease', 'Marfan syndrome', 'Neurofibromatosis type I']","output":"Neurofibromatosis type I"} +{"instruction":"All of the following feature of hallucination EXCEPT : a) Depends on will of observer and is under voluntary controlb) Occur in inner subjective spacec) It is vivid as sensory perceptiond) It occurs in absence of perceptual stimulus","input":"Choices: ['ac', 'a', 'ad', 'ab']","output":"ab"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following type of Le Fo fracture is known as craniofacial disjunction?","input":"Choices: ['Le Fo I', 'Le Fo II', 'Le Fo III', 'None of the above']","output":"Le Fo III"} +{"instruction":"A 47-year-old man presents with a 6-week history of increasing fatigue and dark-colored stools. Complete blood count shows hemoglobin of 8.6 g\/dL and microcytic, hypochromic RBCs. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy reveals a peptic ulcer along the lesser curvature of the stomach. This patient's anemia is most likely caused by deficiency of which of the following?","input":"Choices: ['Folic acid', 'Iron', 'Thiamine', 'Vitamin B12']","output":"Iron"} +{"instruction":"TSH acting through","input":"Choices: ['Ion channels', 'Nuclear receptors', 'cAMP', 'Cytoplasmic receptors']","output":"cAMP"} +{"instruction":"Bacteria, which are not found in normal healthy periodontium, are:","input":"Choices: ['Actinomyces', 'Capnocytophaga', 'Veillonella', 'Eubacterium']","output":"Eubacterium"} +{"instruction":"Pyridoxine is involved in","input":"Choices: ['Carboxylation', 'Trans-sulfuration', 'Oxidation-reduction', 'Transketolation']","output":"Trans-sulfuration"} +{"instruction":"A person present in Emergency. On examination he is found to open eyes only on painful stimuli, he says inappropriate words and moves his limbs on commands. His GCS is","input":"Choices: ['11', '10', '9', '13']","output":"11"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following surface glycoproteins is most often expressed in human hematopoietic stem cells","input":"Choices: ['CD22', 'CD40', 'CD15', 'CD34']","output":"CD34"} +{"instruction":"Lower segment caesarean section can be carried out under all of the following techniques of anaesthesia except","input":"Choices: ['General anaesthesia', 'Spinal anaesthesia', 'Caudal anaesthesia', 'Combined spinal epidural anaesthesia.']","output":"Caudal anaesthesia"} +{"instruction":"The exact value within +-2 SD in Standard normal curve","input":"Choices: ['98.8', '97.6', '95.4', '94']","output":"95.4"} +{"instruction":"Hypoxic hypoxia with increased (A - a) gradient is seen in","input":"Choices: ['Diaphragmatic paralysis', 'Pulmonary fibrosis', 'Respiratory centre depression', 'Severe asthma']","output":"Pulmonary fibrosis"} +{"instruction":"Ivy technique is a test done to measure the:","input":"Choices: ['Clotting time', 'Bleeding time', 'Both', 'None']","output":"Bleeding time"} +{"instruction":"Great saphenous vein canulation is done at-","input":"Choices: ['Ant to medial malleolus', 'At fossa ovalis', 'Above popliteal fossa', 'None']","output":"Ant to medial malleolus"} +{"instruction":"In a patient with hyperiglyceridemia and low HDL, which of the following drug will not increase the risk of myopathy?","input":"Choices: ['Fibric acid derivatives', 'Nicotinic acid', 'Atrovastatin', 'Lovastatin']","output":"Nicotinic acid"} +{"instruction":"Which among the following is a non-freezing cold injury?","input":"Choices: ['Frost bite', 'Chilblains', 'Trench foot', 'Frost nip']","output":"Trench foot"} +{"instruction":"Hallux valgus is associated with all except -","input":"Choices: ['An exostosis on the medial side of the head of the first metatarsal', 'A bunion', 'Osteoarthritis of the metatarsophalangeal joint', 'Over- riding or under- riding of the second toe by the third']","output":"An exostosis on the medial side of the head of the first metatarsal"} +{"instruction":"A patient comes to the clinic with complaints of depressed mood, he does not go out of his house much and is cut off from society. He has normal sleep and normal body weight. What is he most probably suffering from?","input":"Choices: ['Major depression', 'Dysthymia', 'Chronic fatigue syndrome', 'No psychiatric illness']","output":"Dysthymia"} +{"instruction":"Interferon is used in - a) CML b) Multiple myeloma c) Small cell Ca of lung d) Non small cell Ca of lung e) Renal cell Ca","input":"Choices: ['abe', 'acd', 'ab', 'cd']","output":"abe"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following should be monitored if linezolid is given for more than 14 days ?","input":"Choices: ['Liver function tests', 'Kidney function test', 'Platelet count', 'Audiometry']","output":"Platelet count"} +{"instruction":"Delayed eruption of teeth occurs in","input":"Choices: ['Craniofacial dysostosis', 'Hyperthyroidism', 'Cleidocranial dysostosis', 'Osteitis deformans']","output":"Cleidocranial dysostosis"} +{"instruction":"Gastric irritation is not caused by","input":"Choices: ['Ibuprofen', 'Aspirin', 'Paracetamol', 'Diclofenac']","output":"Paracetamol"} +{"instruction":"A 4-year-old child presents with bleeding from right side of nose. He also gets purulent discharge from the same side. The likely diagnosis is:","input":"Choices: ['Septal deviation with right maxillary sinusitis', 'Unilateral channel atresia', 'Antrochoanal polyp', 'Foreign body']","output":"Foreign body"} +{"instruction":"Patient with pyloric stenosis secondary to peptic ulcer, complains of profuse vomitting and Na+ - 125 meq\/L, K+ → 2.3 meq\/L and CI → 85 meq\/L, E- 8meq\/L should be given-","input":"Choices: ['Half normal saline', 'Normal saline', 'K+ bolus', 'Hypertonic saline']","output":"Normal saline"} +{"instruction":"FALSE about Gallstone ileus:","input":"Choices: ['90% patients give history of biliary disease', 'Causes 1% of all SBO; around 25% cases in >70 years', 'Tumbling obstruction', 'Fistula is mostly formed between duodenum and gallbladder']","output":"90% patients give history of biliary disease"} +{"instruction":"All of the following are true about the middle ear activity except","input":"Choices: ['Roof is formed by tegmen tympani', 'Anterior wall has opening of two canals', 'Medial wall is formed by tympanic membrane', 'Floor has bulb of internal jugular vein']","output":"Medial wall is formed by tympanic membrane"} +{"instruction":"Burkitt&;s lymphoma is -","input":"Choices: ['B cell lymphoma', '6,14 translocation', 'PAS positive in cytochemistry', 'Radiotherapy is used in treatment']","output":"B cell lymphoma"} +{"instruction":"A 45-year-old male is suspected of having an amebic abscess of the liver. Serum bilirubin is mildly elevated. The WBC is 11,000 but there is eosinophilia. The initial line of treatment involves which of the following?","input":"Choices: ['Cortisone', 'Metronidazole (Flagyl)', 'Surgical excision', 'Sulfonamides and penicillin']","output":"Metronidazole (Flagyl)"} +{"instruction":"All of the following assays are used for estimation of total serum protein, except","input":"Choices: ['Biuret', 'Bradford', \"Lowry's\", 'Bromocresol green']","output":"Bromocresol green"} +{"instruction":"Brain death indicated by suppression of reflexes all except -","input":"Choices: ['Oculovestibular', 'Corneal', 'Pharyngeal', 'Patellar tendon']","output":"Patellar tendon"} +{"instruction":"Perforated trays are used with","input":"Choices: ['Alginate impression material', 'Silicone impression material', 'Modeling compound', 'Impression waxes']","output":"Alginate impression material"} +{"instruction":"A post-operative cardiac surgical patient developed sudden hypotension, raised central venous pressure, pulsus paradoxus at the 4th post operative hour. The most probable diagnosis is:","input":"Choices: ['Excessive mediastinal bleeding', 'Ventricular dysfunction', 'Congestive cardiac failure', 'Cardiac tamponade']","output":"Cardiac tamponade"} +{"instruction":"Maroteaux Lamy syndrome characterized by deficiency of","input":"Choices: ['Beta Galactosidase', 'Beta Glucuronidase', 'Arylsulfatase B', 'Iduronate sulfatase']","output":"Arylsulfatase B"} +{"instruction":"All of the following are true about Hashimoto's thyroiditis except:","input":"Choices: ['Follicular destruction', 'Increase in lymphocytes', 'Oncocytic metaplasia', 'Orphan Annie eye nuclei']","output":"Orphan Annie eye nuclei"} +{"instruction":"The type of Hodgkin's lymphoma include -a) Nodular sclerosisb) Lymphocyte depletionc) Mixed cellularityd) Mantle cell lymphomae) Lymphoplasmacytic","input":"Choices: ['ab', 'abc', 'acd', 'bcd']","output":"abc"} +{"instruction":"A 45 years old man is admitted in ICU with a chief complaint of breathlessness, fever and dry cough for 3 days. Patient recently travelled to China. Nasal and throat swab were taken and results are awaited. Meanwhile patient undergone a chest CT. Which of the following CT Chest findings is most likely to be seen in this patient?","input":"Choices: ['Glass ground opacification', 'Consolidation', 'Traction bronchiectasis', 'Sub-pleural bands']","output":"Glass ground opacification"} +{"instruction":"A farmer presented with a black mole on the check. It increased in size, more than 6mm with sharply defined borders with central black lesion, what could be the diagnosis?","input":"Choices: ['Acral lentigo melanoma', 'Superficial spreading melanoma', 'Lentigo maligna melanoma', 'Nodular melanoma']","output":"Superficial spreading melanoma"} +{"instruction":"MCV (II) in infant of 1 month of age is:","input":"Choices: ['76-80', '80-100', '90-110', '101-125']","output":"90-110"} +{"instruction":"A 58-year-old woman sees her naturopathic health care provider for a routine health examination. There are no remarkable findings on physical examination. A screening mammogram shows a 0.5-cm irregular area of increased density with scattered microcalcifications in the upper outer quadrant of the left breast. Excisional biopsy shows atypical lobular hyperplasia. She has been on postmenopausal estrogen-progesterone therapy for the past 10 years. She has smoked 1 pack of cigarettes per day for the past 35 years. Which of the following is the most significant risk factor for the development of lobular carcinoma in patients with such lesions?","input":"Choices: ['Atypical cytologic changes', 'History of smoking', 'Hormone replacement therapy', 'Postmenopausal age']","output":"Atypical cytologic changes"} +{"instruction":"The accompanying aery with axillary nerve in the quadrangular space is:","input":"Choices: ['Anterior circumflex humeral aery', 'Posterior circumflex humeral aery', 'Profunda brachii aery', 'Circumflex scapular aery']","output":"Posterior circumflex humeral aery"} +{"instruction":"In direct filling gold, failure usually occurs due to?","input":"Choices: ['Compressive stress', 'Tensile stress', 'Shear stress', 'All of the above']","output":"Tensile stress"} +{"instruction":"Lunate dislocation causes damage to which nerve ?","input":"Choices: ['Radial', 'Ulnar', 'Superficial radial', 'Median']","output":"Median"} +{"instruction":"Pappu, a 49-year male complained of sudden onset of palpitation and apprehension. He is sweating for last 10 minute and fears of impending death. Diagnosis is -","input":"Choices: ['Hysteria', 'Cystic fibrosis', 'Panic attack', 'Generalized anxiety disorder']","output":"Panic attack"} +{"instruction":"Which one of the following substances, actively transpoed by the tubular cells, has the highest Tubular Transpo Maximum?","input":"Choices: ['Plasma protein', 'Haemoglobin', 'Glucose', 'Sodium']","output":"Glucose"} +{"instruction":"All of the following structures pass through aoic opening in the diaphragm, EXCEPT ?","input":"Choices: ['Azygos vein', 'Rt. phrenic nerve', 'Thoracic duct', 'Accessory Hemiazygos vein']","output":"Rt. phrenic nerve"} +{"instruction":"Postmoem rigidity FIRST stas in which of the following organs?","input":"Choices: ['Eyelids', 'Neck', 'Upper limbs', 'Lower limbs']","output":"Eyelids"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following are associated with Bladder cancer","input":"Choices: ['Naphthylamines', 'Nickel', 'Arsenic', 'Lead']","output":"Naphthylamines"} +{"instruction":"What are the findings in USG, which suggests incompetent os:a) Cervical lengthb) External osc) Internal osd) Funneling of amniotic sace) AP length of cervix","input":"Choices: ['abc', 'ad', 'bc', 'acd']","output":"acd"} +{"instruction":"Drug not causing hyperuricemia :","input":"Choices: ['Probenecid', 'Thiazide', 'Pyrazinamide', 'Ethambutol']","output":"Probenecid"} +{"instruction":"Which one of the following clinical findings excludes the diagnosis of polymyositis ?","input":"Choices: ['Neck muscle involvement', 'Extraocular muscle involvement', 'Dysphagia', 'Abdominal muscle involvement']","output":"Extraocular muscle involvement"} +{"instruction":"A patient had a spontaneous abortion, then she came with amenorrhea and FSH 6 IU\/mL. What the most probably diagnosis?","input":"Choices: ['Ovarian failure', 'Uterine Synechiae', 'Pregnancy', 'Pituitary failure']","output":"Uterine Synechiae"} +{"instruction":"Mode of transmission that is most difficult to control:","input":"Choices: ['Water', 'Air', 'Sexual', 'All of the above']","output":"Air"} +{"instruction":"Which area is out of the blood-brain barrier?","input":"Choices: ['Thalamus', 'Cerebral coex', '4th ventricle', 'Area postrema']","output":"Area postrema"} +{"instruction":"Prostaglandin used for ripening of cervix during labour?","input":"Choices: ['PgE2 - cerviprime gel.', 'Misoprostol', 'Prostacyclin', 'Mefipristone']","output":"PgE2 - cerviprime gel."} +{"instruction":"Tzank smear is done for all except","input":"Choices: ['Varicella', 'Herpes', 'Pemphigus', 'Psoriasis']","output":"Psoriasis"} +{"instruction":"Common age for otosclerosis is","input":"Choices: ['5-10 years', '10-20 years', '20-30 years', '30-45 years']","output":"20-30 years"} +{"instruction":"Metabolic acidosis is compensated by","input":"Choices: ['Hyper ventilation', '|HCO3 loss', '|Cl- loss', '|ammonia excretion in kidney']","output":"Hyper ventilation"} +{"instruction":"Decreased teeth enamel is seen in all except:","input":"Choices: ['Hyperparathyroidism', 'Cushing syndrome', 'Fluorosis', 'Ostcomalacia']","output":"Fluorosis"} +{"instruction":"For an arterial blood content of 20 mL oxygen per 100 mL blood and venous blood content of 15 mL oxygen per 100 mL of blood, how much oxygen is transferred from blood to tissue if the blood flow is 200 mL\/min?","input":"Choices: ['5 mL\/min', '10 mL\/min', '15 mL\/min', '20 mL\/min']","output":"10 mL\/min"} +{"instruction":"Dystrophin is lacking in","input":"Choices: ['Polio', \"Duchenne's muscular dystrophy\", 'Peroneal muscular atrophy', 'None of the above']","output":"Duchenne's muscular dystrophy"} +{"instruction":"Temporal lobe contai ns -","input":"Choices: ['Primary visual area', \"Primary auditory' area\", \"Broca's area\", 'Prefrontal area']","output":"Primary auditory' area"} +{"instruction":"A glomerulus-like structure composed of central blood vessel enveloped by germ cells within a space lined by germ cells, is seen in-","input":"Choices: ['Seoli-Leydig cell tumor', 'Granulosa cell tumor', 'Endodermal sinus tumor', 'Sex cord tumor with annular tubules']","output":"Endodermal sinus tumor"} +{"instruction":"Use of Morphine should be avoided in all of the following patients Except","input":"Choices: ['IHD', 'Bronchial asthma', 'Elderly male', 'Biliary colic']","output":"IHD"} +{"instruction":"Drugs causing pharmacological adrenalectomy are all except","input":"Choices: ['Ketoconozole', 'Mitotane', 'Aminoglutethemide', 'Methotrexate']","output":"Methotrexate"} +{"instruction":"In a hospital cardiac care unit, there are three patients with different cardiac conditions: a 52 year old man with dilated cardiomyopathy, an 18 year old girl with mitral valve prolapse, and a 30 year old man with infective endocarditis of the mitral valve. Which of the following features do all these patients most likely share?","input":"Choices: ['Decreased compliance', 'Depressed myocardial contractility', 'Infectious etiology', 'Risk of systemic thromboembolism']","output":"Risk of systemic thromboembolism"} +{"instruction":"Pulmonary hypoplasia with urinary problems is associated with","input":"Choices: ['Mobius syndrome', 'Potter syndrome', 'Patau Syndorme', 'WAGR syndrome']","output":"Potter syndrome"} +{"instruction":"Chronic laxative abuse can result in the formation of which of the following renal stones?","input":"Choices: ['Uric acid', 'Ammonium urate', 'Struvite', 'Ca oxalate']","output":"Ammonium urate"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following organ is best suitable for post-moem poison detection?","input":"Choices: ['Stomach', 'Spleen', 'Kidney', 'Liver']","output":"Liver"} +{"instruction":"How much time does it take for the finding shown below, after BCG vaccination?","input":"Choices: ['1-2 days', '1-2 weeks', '2-4 weeks', '6-12 weeks']","output":"6-12 weeks"} +{"instruction":"A young male after sudden unconsciousness following an episode of seizure, on awakening, finds that both of his arms were adducted and internally rotated. The most probable diagnosis is:","input":"Choices: ['Anterior dislocation', 'Posterior dislocation', 'Greater tuberosity fracture', 'Rotator cuff injury']","output":"Posterior dislocation"} +{"instruction":"A clinical laboratory performs real-time PCR for detection of MRSA in the area where specimens are plated. The supervisor discovers that the last 50 specimens tested were positive. However, companion cultures were positive for only 15 of the specimens. What is the most likely reason for this discrepancy?","input":"Choices: ['Real-time PCR is more sensitive than culture', 'Real-time PCR is more specific than culture', 'The PCR instrument needs to be calibrated', 'The PCR workstation has been contaminated with MRSA DNA']","output":"The PCR workstation has been contaminated with MRSA DNA"} +{"instruction":"The medium of choice for culturing yeast form of dimorphic fungi is -","input":"Choices: ['Brain-heart infusion', \"Sabouraud's\", \"Sabouraud's plus antibiotics\", 'Any medium incubated at 35-37°C']","output":"Sabouraud's plus antibiotics"} +{"instruction":"Additional protien and calorie requirement in pregnancy is?","input":"Choices: ['50 kcal\/ day calorie, 10 g\/day protein', '100 kcal\/ day calorie, 20 g\/day protein', '300 kcal\/ day calorie, 30 g\/day protein', '500 kcal\/ day calorie, 50 g\/day protein']","output":"300 kcal\/ day calorie, 30 g\/day protein"} +{"instruction":"Stereotactic radiosurgery is done for:","input":"Choices: ['Glioblastoma multiforme', 'Medulloblastoma spinal cord', 'Ependymoma', 'AV malformation of brain']","output":"AV malformation of brain"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following vaccines is most sensitive to heat?","input":"Choices: ['Oral Polio vaccine', 'BCG vaccine', 'DPT vaccine', 'Measles vaccine']","output":"Oral Polio vaccine"} +{"instruction":"Polyglandular autoimmune syndrome I true are all except ?","input":"Choices: ['Autosomal recessive', 'Mutations in gene APECED', 'Associated with chronic active hepatitis', 'Associated with celiac disease']","output":"Associated with celiac disease"} +{"instruction":"The rate adjusted to allow for the age distribution of the population is:","input":"Choices: ['Perinatal mortality rate', 'Crude mortality rate', 'Fertility rate', 'Age standardized mortality rate']","output":"Age standardized mortality rate"} +{"instruction":"Abbey estender flap is based on:","input":"Choices: ['Lingual artery', 'Facial artery', 'Labial artery', 'Internal maxillary artery']","output":"Labial artery"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is not seen in HIV Patient with CD4 count less than 100 Per micro litre, who has non productive cough -","input":"Choices: ['Mycobacterium tuberculosis', 'Pneumocystis carinii', 'Mycoplasma pneumonae', 'Cryptococcal infection']","output":"Mycoplasma pneumonae"} +{"instruction":"Fibres which pass through genu of internal capsule are:","input":"Choices: ['Coiconuclear fibres', 'Rubral fibers', 'Fibres of upper limb', 'Fibres of lower limb']","output":"Coiconuclear fibres"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is contraindicated in CRF –","input":"Choices: ['Halothane', 'Enflurane', 'Desflurane', 'Isoflurane']","output":"Enflurane"} +{"instruction":"Toxoplasmosis in the foetus can be best confirmed","input":"Choices: ['IgM antibodies against Toxoplasma in the mother', 'IgM antibodies against Toxoplasma in the foetus', 'IgG antibodies against Toxoplasma in the mother', 'IgG antibodies against Toxoplasma in in the foetus']","output":"IgM antibodies against Toxoplasma in the foetus"} +{"instruction":"A young boy presents to the ophthalmology depament with decreased vision, six months after being hit by a tennis ball in the eye. Which of the following findings on optical examination is suggestive of Blunt injury to the eye:","input":"Choices: ['Optic Neuritis', 'Pars Planitis', 'Vitreous base detachment', 'Equatorial edema']","output":"Vitreous base detachment"} +{"instruction":"Rain drop pigmentation is seen in –","input":"Choices: ['Chronic lead poisoning', 'Chronic Arsenic poisoning', 'Chronic Mercury poisoning', 'All of the above']","output":"Chronic Arsenic poisoning"} +{"instruction":"In an aphakic eye the anterior focal point from the anterior surface of cornea is about:","input":"Choices: ['15 mm', '21 mm', '23 mm', '31 mm']","output":"23 mm"} +{"instruction":"Which pa of the nephron is impermeable to water?","input":"Choices: ['A', 'B', 'C', 'D']","output":"C"} +{"instruction":"All the following are true regarding blood supply to the kidney, EXCEPT :","input":"Choices: ['Stellate veins drain superficial zone', 'It is a type of poal-circulation', 'The renal aery divides into five segmental aeries before entering the hilum', 'Its segmental aeries are end-aeries']","output":"It is a type of poal-circulation"} +{"instruction":"Ring shaped epiphyses is seen in ?","input":"Choices: ['Osteogenesis imperfecta', 'Morquios syndrome', 'Zellweger syndrome', 'Multiple epiphyseal dysplasia']","output":"Osteogenesis imperfecta"} +{"instruction":"A patient comes in stupor condition patient's parents give history of being continually sad and suicidal attempts not . eating and sleeping most of the time. The treatment is","input":"Choices: ['ECT', 'Antidepressant', 'Antipsychotic', 'Sedatives']","output":"ECT"} +{"instruction":"Root value of intercostobrachial nerve is","input":"Choices: ['T1', 'T2', 'T3', 'T4']","output":"T2"} +{"instruction":"Which apolipoprotein is responsible for Alzheimer's disease:-","input":"Choices: ['APOE3', 'APOE1', 'APOE4', 'APOE2']","output":"APOE4"} +{"instruction":"Dose of local anesthetics for peripheral nerve block is decreased in patients with hypovolemia shock because-","input":"Choices: ['Preferential perfusion of vital organs in shock predisposes more to local anesthetics toxicity', 'Drugs cannot be metabolized', 'Sensitivity of voltage gated channel increases in shock', 'Drug is not systemically absorbed to less require']","output":"Preferential perfusion of vital organs in shock predisposes more to local anesthetics toxicity"} +{"instruction":"Treatment of Ca Cervix IIIB include -","input":"Choices: ['Wertheims hysterectomy', \"Schauta ' s hysterectomy\", 'Chemotherapy', 'Intracavity brachytherapy followed by external beam radiotherapy']","output":"Intracavity brachytherapy followed by external beam radiotherapy"} +{"instruction":"Prophylactic thyroidectomy is done for:","input":"Choices: ['Hashimoto', 'MEN 2B syndrome', 'Reidel', 'Graves']","output":"MEN 2B syndrome"} +{"instruction":"Normal GFR is","input":"Choices: ['25ml\/min', '50ml\/min', '125 ml\/min', '90ml\/min']","output":"125 ml\/min"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following mutations in a tumor suppressor agent causes breast carcinoma","input":"Choices: ['P43', 'P53', 'P73', 'P83']","output":"P53"} +{"instruction":"A 24 year old unmarried woman has multiple nodular, cystic, pustular and comadonic lesions on face, upper back and shoulders for 2 years. The drug of choice for her treatment.","input":"Choices: ['Acitretin', 'Isotretinoin', 'Doxycycline', 'Azithromycin']","output":"Isotretinoin"} +{"instruction":"The ideal material used for Femoro-popliteal shunt is:","input":"Choices: ['PTFE', 'Reverse saphenous vein', 'Polypropylene', 'Dacron']","output":"Reverse saphenous vein"} +{"instruction":"All of the following statements regarding total anomalous pulmonary connection are true except:","input":"Choices: ['The total pulmonary venous blood reaches the right atrium', 'Always associated with a VSD', 'The oxygen saturation of the blood in the pulmonary aery is higher than that in the aoa', 'Infracardiac type is always obstructive']","output":"Always associated with a VSD"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is a term describing a health education method comprising of a series of speeches on a selected subject?","input":"Choices: ['Symposium', 'Panel discussion', 'Workshop', 'Conference']","output":"Symposium"} +{"instruction":"Blow up out fracture of zygomatic arch cause","input":"Choices: ['Anosmia', 'Diplopia', 'Exophthalmous', 'Epistaxis']","output":"Diplopia"} +{"instruction":"All of the following are spore forming bacteria except:","input":"Choices: ['Clostridium botulinum', 'Bacillus subtilis', 'Bacillus anthracis', 'Pseudomonas aeruginosa']","output":"Pseudomonas aeruginosa"} +{"instruction":"Wharton's duct drains the:","input":"Choices: ['Pancreas', 'Parotid', 'Lacrimal gland', 'Submandibular gland']","output":"Submandibular gland"} +{"instruction":"An old man who is edentulous developed squamous cell Ca in buccal mucosa that has infiltrated to the alveolus. Following is not indicated in treatment :","input":"Choices: ['Radiotherapy', 'Segmental mandibulectomy', 'Marginal mandibulectomy involving removal of the outer table only', 'Marginal mandibulectomy involving removal of upper half of mandible']","output":"Marginal mandibulectomy involving removal of the outer table only"} +{"instruction":"Pendred syndrome due to mutation of ?","input":"Choices: ['Baillin', 'Pendrin', 'Fibrillin', 'Reticulin']","output":"Pendrin"} +{"instruction":"Afferent of cremasteric reflex is :","input":"Choices: ['Genitofemoral nerve', 'Ilioinguinal nerve', 'Iliohypogastric nerve', 'Iliofemoral nerve']","output":"Genitofemoral nerve"} +{"instruction":"Proteolytic enzyme Renin is present in?","input":"Choices: ['Lungs', 'Kidney', 'Liver', 'Stomach']","output":"Kidney"} +{"instruction":"Following statements are true with respect to a child with marasmus except","input":"Choices: ['It is a severely wasted and has skin and bone monkey facies', 'Child appears ale and active', 'Child is more prone for infection and has higher moality compared to kwashiorkor', 'Appetite is good']","output":"Child is more prone for infection and has higher moality compared to kwashiorkor"} +{"instruction":"Aphasia is most likely associated with a lesion in","input":"Choices: [\"Broca's area\", 'Sensory area', 'Primary motor area', 'Visual area']","output":"Broca's area"} +{"instruction":"Pentamidine therapy causes all, EXCEPT ?","input":"Choices: ['Upper lobe infiltrates', 'Cavitation', 'Extrathoracic manifestation', 'None']","output":"None"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding sulfonamides?","input":"Choices: ['Sulfasalazine is absorbed well from GIT', 'Crystalluria can occur with sulfonamide administration', 'Sulfonamide administration to newborn may cause kernicterus', 'Sulfonamides are of value in treatment of infections due to Nocardia species.']","output":"Sulfasalazine is absorbed well from GIT"} +{"instruction":"A 24-year-old woman with 36 weeks of pregnancy, suddenly complains of headache and blurring of vision. Her B.P. is 170\/110 mm of Hg. Urinary albumin is +++ and fundus examination shows areas of retinal hemorrhage. The line of fuher management would be:","input":"Choices: ['Conservative treatment', 'Anticonvulsive therapy', 'Induction of labour', 'Cesarean delivery']","output":"Conservative treatment"} +{"instruction":"Mercapton groups are seen in","input":"Choices: ['Polysulphide', 'Addition silicone', 'Condensation silicone', 'Polyether']","output":"Polysulphide"} +{"instruction":"The most predominantly occurring amino acid in collagen is","input":"Choices: ['Valine', 'Cysteine', 'Arginine', 'Glycine']","output":"Glycine"} +{"instruction":"Odds ratio is related to?","input":"Choices: ['Relative risk', 'Incidence', 'Prevalance', 'Attributable risk']","output":"Relative risk"} +{"instruction":"In chronic renal failure which one is contraindicated?","input":"Choices: ['Furosenmide', 'Ethacrynic acid', 'Triamterenc', 'Bumetanide']","output":"Triamterenc"} +{"instruction":"All of the following are true about nodular sclerosis of Hodgkin's disease except -","input":"Choices: ['Well formed fibrous stands', 'CD 15 +', 'CD 20 +', 'Infiltration by plasma cells']","output":"CD 20 +"} +{"instruction":"Blood transfusion is indicated in following conditions associated with sickle cell anemia:","input":"Choices: ['Frequent sickling episodes', 'Twin pregnancy', 'Poor obstetrical outcome', 'All of the above']","output":"All of the above"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following represents the surface marking of the aoic valve:","input":"Choices: ['Sternal end of the left 3rd costal cailage', 'Sternal end of the right 3rd costal cailage', 'Behind the sternum in left 3rd intercostal space', 'Behind the sternum in right 3rd intercostal space']","output":"Behind the sternum in left 3rd intercostal space"} +{"instruction":"All may be used in interstitial brachytherapy except","input":"Choices: ['Cs137', 'Au192', 'Ir192', 'Co60']","output":"Co60"} +{"instruction":"Citrate as a sole source of carbon is utilized by","input":"Choices: ['Staphylococcus', 'Salmonella', 'Shigella', 'Escherichia']","output":"Salmonella"} +{"instruction":"Which drug can be used in patients of cardio-renal syndrome?","input":"Choices: ['Insulin', 'NSAIDS', 'ACEI', 'ARB']","output":"Insulin"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following cranial nerve is a pure motor nerve?","input":"Choices: ['3', '5', '8', '9']","output":"3"} +{"instruction":"Halo effect in an X-Ray is seen in which condition","input":"Choices: ['Horizontal Root Fracture', 'Acute apical abscess', 'Acute apical periodontitis', 'periapical periosteitis']","output":"periapical periosteitis"} +{"instruction":"A 32-year-old man undergoes a laparotomy for multiple organ injury resulting from trauma. He is discharged after 2 weeks in the hospital, only to be readmitted 3 days later because of abdominal pain and sepsis. The CAT scan shows an accumulation of fluid in the subhepatic space (Figure below). This space is likely to be directly related to an injury involving which structure?Subhepatic space; anterior view","input":"Choices: ['Inferior pole of the right kidney', 'Stomach', 'Uncinate process of the pancreas', 'Aortic bifurcation']","output":"Stomach"} +{"instruction":"Which sensitizes the myocardium to catecholamines?","input":"Choices: ['Nitrous oxide', 'Halothane', 'Isoflurane', 'Desflurane']","output":"Halothane"} +{"instruction":"A child is diagnosed with osteosarcoma based on Sunray appearance seen on X ray.\nThis is because of","input":"Choices: ['Periosteal reaction', 'Calcification along the blood vessels', 'Calcification along the periosteum', 'Soft tissue invasion']","output":"Calcification along the blood vessels"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following drugs are used for smoking cessation ?","input":"Choices: ['Bupropion', 'Buspirone', 'Venlafaxine', 'Fluoxetine']","output":"Bupropion"} +{"instruction":"A 20 year old female is diagnosed to have molar pregnancy. All of the following are features of paial mole, EXCEPT:","input":"Choices: ['Fetus is present', 'Amnion is present', 'Karyotype is usually 69 XXY', 'Greater risk of persistent trophoblastic disease']","output":"Greater risk of persistent trophoblastic disease"} +{"instruction":"A 60 yr old smoker came with a history of painless gross hematuria for one day. Most logical investigation would be","input":"Choices: ['Urine routine', 'Plain X ray KUB', 'USG KUB', 'Urine microscopy for malignant cytology']","output":"Urine microscopy for malignant cytology"} +{"instruction":"What is the key purpose of pharmacovigilance?","input":"Choices: ['To monitor drug toxicity', 'To monitor unauthorized drug manufacture', 'Monitoring of students', 'Check costs']","output":"To monitor drug toxicity"} +{"instruction":"Casting flux is used to:","input":"Choices: ['Prevent the oxidation of the metal during melting', 'Increase the melting point of the flux', 'Prevent the contamination of the metal and the liner', 'All of the above']","output":"Prevent the oxidation of the metal during melting"} +{"instruction":"Best treatment for buphthalmos is","input":"Choices: ['Trabeculectomy', 'Goniotomy', 'Cryotherapy', 'Conservative']","output":"Goniotomy"} +{"instruction":"Base substitution of GAC (Asp) to GAG (Glu) is an example of:","input":"Choices: ['Point mutation', 'Silent mutation', 'Non-sense mutation', 'None']","output":"Point mutation"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following special circulations has the widest range of blood flows as pa of its contributions to both the regulation of systemic vascular resistance and the modification of resistance to suit the organ's metabolic needs?","input":"Choices: ['Large intestine', 'Cerebral', 'Small intestine', 'Skeletal muscle']","output":"Skeletal muscle"} +{"instruction":"Subcapsular 'sinuses are seen in -","input":"Choices: ['Spleen', 'Thymus', 'Thyroid', 'Lymph node']","output":"Lymph node"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following stages of demographic cycle has expanding population?","input":"Choices: ['Second', 'Third', 'Both of the above', 'None of the above']","output":"Both of the above"} +{"instruction":"Melatonin is produced in all of the following, except?","input":"Choices: ['Pineal gland', 'Suprachiasmatic nucleus', 'Gut', 'Retina']","output":"Suprachiasmatic nucleus"} +{"instruction":"Risk of endocarditis among the following is highest in","input":"Choices: ['Ventricular septal defect', 'Patent ductus arteriosus', 'Atrial septal defect', 'Mitral stenosis']","output":"Ventricular septal defect"} +{"instruction":"Radiocontrast is contraindicated in all of the following conditions except?","input":"Choices: ['Renal failure', 'Patient on metformin', 'Dehydration', 'Obesity']","output":"Obesity"} +{"instruction":"Onion peel appearance on radiograph is not seen in","input":"Choices: [\"Garre's osteomyelitis\", \"Ewing's sarcoma\", 'Osteogenic sarcoma', 'Fibrous dysplasia']","output":"Fibrous dysplasia"} +{"instruction":"The most common organism amongst the following that causes acute meningitis in an AIDS patients is a-","input":"Choices: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae', 'Streptococcus agalactiae', 'Cryptococcus neoformans', 'Listeria monocytogenes']","output":"Cryptococcus neoformans"} +{"instruction":"70 years old lady underwent Right Radical mastectomy 10 years back, now presents with multiple subcutaneous nodules in right upper limb. Most probable diagnosis is","input":"Choices: ['Lymphangiosarcome', 'Multiple Lipomas', 'Varicose veins', 'Mets']","output":"Lymphangiosarcome"} +{"instruction":"What will be the initial management in a hemodynamically stable patient with an anterior abdominal stab injury presenting with a tag of omentum protruding through the abdominal wall near the umbilicus and showing no signs of peritonitis?","input":"Choices: ['FAST', 'CECT Abdomen', 'Exploratory Laparotomy', 'Local Wound Exploration and Suturing']","output":"CECT Abdomen"} +{"instruction":"Inclusion body conjunctivitis true is all except:","input":"Choices: ['Self limiting', 'Present only in infants', 'Occurs while passage from bih canal', 'Caused by chlamydia']","output":"Present only in infants"} +{"instruction":"HIV in children, characteristic finding is –","input":"Choices: ['Kaposi sarcoma is common', 'Recurrent candidiasis', 'Recurrent chest infection', 'Cryptococcal diarrhoea is common']","output":"Recurrent chest infection"} +{"instruction":"Delusion of infidelity of pa of the sexual paner is known as:","input":"Choices: [\"De Clerambault's syndrome\", 'Couvade syndrome', 'Othello syndrome', \"Ekbim's syndrome\"]","output":"Othello syndrome"} +{"instruction":"1:1 ratio of myelination is seen jn","input":"Choices: ['Schwann cells', 'Oligeodendrocytes', 'Both', 'None']","output":"Schwann cells"} +{"instruction":"Dye used for direct immunofluorescence ?","input":"Choices: ['India ink', 'Nigrosin', 'Rhodamine', 'Basic fuschin']","output":"Rhodamine"} +{"instruction":"All are true regarding agammaglobulinemia except -a) Loss of germinal centre in lymph nodeb) Normal cortical lymphocytesc) Normal cortical lymphocytes in paracortex and medullad) Decreased red pulp in spleene) Immunodeficiency (cell mediated)","input":"Choices: ['abc', 'acd', 'ac', 'bcd']","output":"bcd"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is true regarding role played by social worker","input":"Choices: ['Health professional responsible for functional evaluation and activities of the patient', 'Health professional responsible for instituting therapeutic exercises and mobility training of the patient', 'Health professional involved in the patients personal role performance, interpersonal skills and family functions', 'Health professional establishes and sustains the people with disability for employment']","output":"Health professional involved in the patients personal role performance, interpersonal skills and family functions"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is the most accurate method to assess decline in GFR during initial stages of Renal insufficiency","input":"Choices: ['Serum creatinine', 'Creatinine Clearance', 'Serum BUN', 'Serum Urea']","output":"Creatinine Clearance"} +{"instruction":"Atherosclerosis initiation by fibroblast plaque is mediated by injury to-","input":"Choices: ['Smooth muscle', 'Media', 'Adventitia', 'Endothelium']","output":"Endothelium"} +{"instruction":"Cellulitis is caused by","input":"Choices: ['Beta hemolytic streptococci', 'Alpha hemolytic streptococci', 'Staphylococcus', 'All of the above']","output":"Beta hemolytic streptococci"} +{"instruction":"The complications of shoulder presentations are all of the following except:","input":"Choices: ['Fetal death', 'Uterine rupture', 'Obstructed labour', 'Shoulder dystocia']","output":"Shoulder dystocia"} +{"instruction":"The main function of Vitamin C in the body is","input":"Choices: ['Coenzyme for energy metabolism', 'Regulation of lipid synthesis', 'Involvement as antioxidant', 'Inhibition of cell growth']","output":"Involvement as antioxidant"} +{"instruction":"Liver cirrhosis is associated with which type of emphysema in Pizz phenotype mutation?","input":"Choices: ['Centriacinar', 'Panacinar', 'Paraseptal', 'Multifocal']","output":"Panacinar"} +{"instruction":"Systemic absorption of local anaesthetic is better with","input":"Choices: ['Subcutaneous route', 'Epidural route', 'Tracheal route', 'Intercostal route']","output":"Tracheal route"} +{"instruction":"Mechanism of action of epinephrine in cardiopulmonary resuscitation is -","input":"Choices: ['Increase myocardical demand', 'Increase SA node activity', 'Peripheral vasoconstriction and directing blood flow to hea', 'Ratio of blood flow to epicardium and endocardium decreases']","output":"Increase SA node activity"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is TRUE about poal vein?","input":"Choices: ['Formed by the superior mesenteric vein', 'Formed by the splenic vein', 'Situated deep to the hepatic aery and cystic duct', 'All of the above']","output":"All of the above"} +{"instruction":"Genu recurvatum is seen in:","input":"Choices: ['Rheumatoid ahritis', 'Poliomyelitis', 'Rickets', 'All of the above']","output":"All of the above"} +{"instruction":"Forage determination of 21-year-old female, a site for X-ray done -","input":"Choices: ['Elbow and shoulder', 'Wrist', 'Hip and knee', 'Ischial tuberosity and clavicle']","output":"Ischial tuberosity and clavicle"} +{"instruction":"Tattooing in entry wound of a firearm injury is due to: NEET 14","input":"Choices: ['Burns', 'Smoke', 'Gunpowder', 'Wads']","output":"Gunpowder"} +{"instruction":"The following is a B cell specific mitogen:","input":"Choices: ['Concanavalin A (conA)', 'Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)', 'Pokeweed mitogen (PWM)', 'Phytohaemagglutinin (PHA)']","output":"Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following compound antagonizes the actions of insulin","input":"Choices: ['Neuropeptide Y', 'Growth hormone', 'Substance P', 'Vasoactive intestinal peptide']","output":"Growth hormone"} +{"instruction":"Intracytoplasmic Nissl granules are found in?","input":"Choices: ['Perikaryon of neuron', 'Smooth muscle', 'Skeletal muscle', 'Cardiac muscle']","output":"Perikaryon of neuron"} +{"instruction":"Dicrotic notch is caused by ?","input":"Choices: ['Closure of mitral valve', 'Opening of mitral valve', 'Closure of aoic valve', 'Opening of aoic valve']","output":"Closure of aoic valve"} +{"instruction":"Which one of the following is not a socio-pathological factor associated with mental illness?","input":"Choices: ['Emotional stress', 'Frustration', 'Endocrine diseases', 'Anxiety']","output":"Endocrine diseases"} +{"instruction":"All these factors affect the height and thickness of facial and lingual bony plates EXCEPT","input":"Choices: ['Alignment of teeth', 'Angulation of root to the bone', 'Occlusal forces', 'Mesiodistal angulation of crest of interdental septum']","output":"Mesiodistal angulation of crest of interdental septum"} +{"instruction":"True about epidural opioid are all except:","input":"Choices: ['Act on dorsal horn substantia gelatinosa', 'Can cause Itching', 'Function of the intestine is not affected', 'Can cause respiratory depression']","output":"Function of the intestine is not affected"} +{"instruction":"Back pressure porosity can be avoided by","input":"Choices: ['Using asbestos liners', 'Placing the sprue at least one quarter inch away from the end of casting ring', 'Preventing rapid heating of investment', 'Using a short and wide sprue']","output":"Placing the sprue at least one quarter inch away from the end of casting ring"} +{"instruction":"Comedones are seen in :","input":"Choices: ['Pityriasis', 'Lichen planus', 'Adenoma sebaceum', 'Acne vulgaris']","output":"Acne vulgaris"} +{"instruction":"In the year 1971 first Pit and Fissure sealant was developed","input":"Choices: ['NUVA SEAL.', 'NEW SEAL.', 'SEALAPEX.', 'None']","output":"NUVA SEAL."} +{"instruction":"A 65-year-old male patient complains of loss of libido and is found to have a low free and total testosterone level. Treatment is commenced with testosterone supplemental therapy. What is the next step in management after testosterone administration?","input":"Choices: ['Check PSA levels', 'Testosterone levels are decreased', 'Decrease in size of benign prostatic tissue lesions occurs', 'Decrease in size of prostatic cancer occurs']","output":"Check PSA levels"} +{"instruction":"Sperm motility is increased in","input":"Choices: ['Increased temperature', 'Acidic environment', 'Vaginal secretions', 'Seminiferous tubules']","output":"Vaginal secretions"} +{"instruction":"In Rickets seen –","input":"Choices: ['↑ALP', 'Hypo PO4-2 in blood', 'Hyperphosphaturia', 'All of these']","output":"All of these"} +{"instruction":"Carcinoma endometrium with superficial inguinal lymph node involvement is of:","input":"Choices: ['Stage IV', 'Stage III', 'Stage II', 'Stage I']","output":"Stage IV"} +{"instruction":"MHC class l are present on all except","input":"Choices: ['Platelet', 'All nucleated cells', 'RBC', 'WBC']","output":"RBC"} +{"instruction":"Montelukast is","input":"Choices: ['Selective antagonists of leukotrienes receptor', 'Lipooxygenase inhibitor', 'H1 antagonist', 'H3 antagonist']","output":"Selective antagonists of leukotrienes receptor"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is an increased risk of breast cancer?a) Sclerosing adenosisb) Atypical hyperplasiac) Fibroadenomad) Florid hyperplasia","input":"Choices: ['c', 'd', 'bd', 'ac']","output":"bd"} +{"instruction":"The most sensitive test for the diagnosis of herpes simplex (HSV) meningitis in a newborn infant is","input":"Choices: ['HSV IgG antibody', 'HSV polymerase chain reaction (PCR)', 'HSV culture', 'Tzanck smear']","output":"HSV polymerase chain reaction (PCR)"} +{"instruction":"A 2 year old man presents with superficial gash on his forehead. The wound is bleeding profusely, but examination reveals no fracture. The physician suspects a hypersensitive cardiac reflex. The patient's epicranial aponeurosis (galea aponeurotica) is penetrated, resulting in severe gaping of the wound. The structure overlying the epicranial aponeurosis is which of the following?","input":"Choices: ['A layer containing blood vessels.', 'The dura mater.', 'The periosteum (pericranium).', 'The tendon of the epicranial muscles (occipitofrontails).']","output":"A layer containing blood vessels."} +{"instruction":"Which of the following expectorant causes gastric irritation & reflex increase in bronchial gland secretions","input":"Choices: ['Ambroxol', 'Guaifenesin', 'Sodium cromoglycate', 'Fosaprepitant']","output":"Guaifenesin"} +{"instruction":"Issuing false medical certificates is punishable under","input":"Choices: ['Sec 191 IPC', 'Sec 197 IPC', 'Sec 51 IPC', 'Sec 304 AIPC']","output":"Sec 197 IPC"} +{"instruction":"Bleomycin toxcity is characterized by destruction of-","input":"Choices: ['Endothelial cells', 'Type I pneumocytes', 'Type II pneumocyutes', 'Alveolar macrophages']","output":"Type I pneumocytes"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following treatments cannot used for management of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)?","input":"Choices: ['Cognitive Behaviour Therapy', 'Fluoxetine', 'Carbamazepine', 'Clomipramine']","output":"Carbamazepine"} +{"instruction":"Histological examination of the tissues in desquamative gingivitis would reveal?","input":"Choices: ['Hyperkeratosis', 'Elongation of rete pegs', 'Loss of basement membrane', 'No inflammatory response']","output":"Loss of basement membrane"} +{"instruction":"True about battered baby syndrome:","input":"Choices: ['Posterior rib fracture may be seen in X-ray', 'Injury at the side of metaphysic is specific', 'Epiphyseal injury is common', 'All']","output":"All"} +{"instruction":"A child with fever had multiple skin lesions, and on microscopic examination the skin lesions are seen to have neutrophilic and histiocytic infiltration in the dermis. What is the diagnosis?","input":"Choices: ['Sweet syndrome', \"Behchet's syndrome\", 'Pyoderma gangrenosum', 'Juvenile dermatosis']","output":"Sweet syndrome"} +{"instruction":"Spastic paraplegia is caused by all, except:","input":"Choices: ['Vitamin B12 deficiency', 'Cervical spondylosis', 'Lead poisoning', 'Motor neuron disease']","output":"Lead poisoning"} +{"instruction":"The most common lesion of a mature placenta with no much clinical significance is:","input":"Choices: ['Infarct', 'Hyperophic villous lesions', 'Marginal hematoma', 'Breus mole']","output":"Infarct"} +{"instruction":"Treatment of metastatic disease in retinobastoma is","input":"Choices: ['Chemotherapy', 'Enucleation', 'Radiotherapy', 'Cryo']","output":"Chemotherapy"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following most likely causes a com¬municating (nonobstructive) hydrocephalus?","input":"Choices: ['Tuberculous meningitis', 'Stenosis of the duct of Sylvius', 'Ependymoma of the fourth ventricle', 'Blockage of the arachnoid granulations']","output":"Blockage of the arachnoid granulations"} +{"instruction":"The predominant immunoglobulin in saliva is","input":"Choices: ['IgA', 'IgD', 'IgE', 'IgG']","output":"IgA"} +{"instruction":"Enzyme(s) used in polymerase chain reaction is\/are -","input":"Choices: ['Restriction endonuclease', 'DNA polymerase', 'Alkaline phosphate', 'RNA polymerase']","output":"DNA polymerase"} +{"instruction":"A 26-year-old obstetric patient becomes acutely ill during her first trimester with infectious mononucleosis-like symptoms, but her heterophil antibody test was negative. A careful history reveals that the family has two cats in the house. The appropriate laboratory tests indicate the expectant mother is infected with Toxoplasma gondii. Months later, the woman delivers a full term baby with no obvious signs of infection with the protozoan parasite. The best test to diagnose acute infection in the neonate would be a parasite-specific ELISA for which isotype of immunoglobulin?","input":"Choices: ['IgA', 'IgG 1', 'IgG 4', 'IgM']","output":"IgM"} +{"instruction":"An elderly patient presented with fever, chest pain and dry cough. Sputum cultured on charcoal yeast medium, the most likely organism is:","input":"Choices: ['H. influenzae', 'Moraxella catarrhalis', 'Legionella', 'Burkholderiacepacia']","output":"Legionella"} +{"instruction":"Consistent change in particular direction over a period of time","input":"Choices: ['Sporadic', 'Endemic', 'Secular trend', 'Pandemic']","output":"Secular trend"} +{"instruction":"Prevalence of a disease is:","input":"Choices: ['Rate', 'Ratio', 'Proportion', 'Deviation']","output":"Proportion"} +{"instruction":"Pseudogout more commonly involves which joint","input":"Choices: ['Shoulder', 'Hip', 'Knee', 'MTP joint of great toe']","output":"Knee"} +{"instruction":"Most common symptom in buphthalmos is?","input":"Choices: ['Lacrimation', 'Pain', 'Photophobia', 'Itching']","output":"Lacrimation"} +{"instruction":"Most common cardiac manifestation of Holt Oram syndrome is ?","input":"Choices: ['ASD', 'VSD', 'tachycardia', 'PDA']","output":"ASD"} +{"instruction":"which of the following is the charecterstic of type D disorder","input":"Choices: ['feelings of worry', 'acheivement oriented', 'reward dependent', 'odd and excentric']","output":"feelings of worry"} +{"instruction":"In MI the type of necrosis is:","input":"Choices: ['Caseous.', 'Gangrenous.', 'Liquefactive.', 'Coagulative.']","output":"Coagulative."} +{"instruction":"Due to epidemiological reasons chemoprophylaxis is most impractical in the control of:","input":"Choices: ['Measles', 'Cholera', 'Diphtheria', 'Tuberculosis']","output":"Tuberculosis"} +{"instruction":"Mucormycosis is caused by","input":"Choices: ['Rhizopus arrhizus', 'Rhizopus oryzae', 'Absidia corymbifera', 'All of the above']","output":"All of the above"} +{"instruction":"To diagnose thymoma in a case of mediastinal mass is:","input":"Choices: ['Thoracotomy and biopsy', 'FNAC', 'Chest CT scan', 'Somatostatin receptor imaging']","output":"Thoracotomy and biopsy"} +{"instruction":"The mechanism of action of local anesthetics is that they act on Na+ channels in their","input":"Choices: ['Activated state', 'Inactivated state', 'Resting state', 'Any state']","output":"Activated state"} +{"instruction":"Characteristic of obsession are all EXCEPT:","input":"Choices: ['Repetitive behavior', 'Abstract thinking', 'Ego dystonic', 'Compulsion']","output":"Abstract thinking"} +{"instruction":"A 9-year-old boy is brought with history of decreased urine output, cola colored urine and swelling of the face and hands of 2 days duration. He is hypertensive, has a puffy face and pitting edema of the lower limbs. He has history of skin lesions 4 weeks earlier. A diagnosis of post streptococcal glomerulonephritis is made. If an antibiotic is to be used to limit the spread of the nephritogenic organisms, the drug of choice is?","input":"Choices: ['Cefixime', 'Penicillin', 'Meropenem', 'Amoxycillin']","output":"Penicillin"} +{"instruction":"The most common accessory pathways leading to WPW syndrome is -","input":"Choices: ['Left free wall', 'Posteroseptal', 'Right free wall', 'Anteroseptal']","output":"Left free wall"} +{"instruction":"Under the integrated Child Development Scheme, which among the following services are provided?","input":"Choices: ['Immunization \\\\\/ Supplementary nutrition \\\\\/ Primary school education', 'Primary school education \\\\\/ Health check up', 'Immunization \\\\\/ Supplementary nutrition \\\\\/ Health check up', 'Immunization \\\\\/ Supplementary nutrition \\\\\/ Primary school education \\\\\/ Health check up']","output":"Immunization \\\/ Supplementary nutrition \\\/ Health check up"} +{"instruction":"DUB is due to :","input":"Choices: ['Endometriosis', 'Fibroid', 'Endometrial carcinoma', 'Irregular shedding of endometrium']","output":"Irregular shedding of endometrium"} +{"instruction":"Diagnosis of Hodgkin's disease is confirmed by -","input":"Choices: ['CT scan', 'Bone marrow biopsy', 'Lymph node biopsy', 'Lymphangiography']","output":"Lymph node biopsy"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is not used in the treatment of pulmonary hypeension?","input":"Choices: ['Calcium channel blockers', 'Alpha blockers', 'Prostacyclins', 'Endothelin receptor antagonists']","output":"Alpha blockers"} +{"instruction":"Shortest acting neuromuscular blocker is :","input":"Choices: ['Gallamine', 'Pancuronium', 'Succinylcholine', 'd–TC']","output":"Succinylcholine"} +{"instruction":"All of the following modalities can be used for in-situ ablation of liver secondaries, except","input":"Choices: ['Ultrasonic waves', 'Cryotherapy', 'Alcohol', 'Radio frequency']","output":"Ultrasonic waves"} +{"instruction":"65-year-old man presented with hemoptysis and stage 3 clubbing. The probable diagnosis of the patient is?","input":"Choices: ['Non- small cell lung Ca', 'Small cell cancer of lung', 'Tuberculosis', 'Sarcoidosis']","output":"Non- small cell lung Ca"} +{"instruction":"Orange-skin cornea results due to:","input":"Choices: ['Chalcosis', 'Siderosis', 'Ammonia burn', 'Mustard gas']","output":"Mustard gas"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is an indor air-pollutonts-","input":"Choices: ['Carbon dioxide', 'HCN', 'Methan', 'Perfluoro carbons']","output":"Carbon dioxide"} +{"instruction":"Incision for superficial parotidectomy:-","input":"Choices: ['L-shaped', 'Y-shaped', 'S-shaped', 'Z- shaped']","output":"S-shaped"} +{"instruction":"Which one of the following is not a pyridoxine dependent disorder -","input":"Choices: ['Homocystinuria', 'Methyl-malonic-acidemia', 'Cystathioninuria', 'Xanthurenic aciduria']","output":"Methyl-malonic-acidemia"} +{"instruction":"True statement about tetracycline is","input":"Choices: ['Inhibiting protein synthesis by binding to 50s ribosomes in susceptible microorganisms', 'Tetracyclines have chelating property', 'Tetracyclines have anabolic activity', 'Tetracyclines are infrequently responsible for superinfection']","output":"Tetracyclines have chelating property"} +{"instruction":"Herbe pits are seen in:","input":"Choices: ['Trachoma', 'Psoriasis', 'Spring catarrh', 'Fungal keratitis']","output":"Trachoma"} +{"instruction":"A lady had a trauma to the neck. X-ray is attached. What is the diagnosis?","input":"Choices: [\"Hangman's fracture\", \"Jefferson's fracture\", 'Clay shoveler fracture', 'Sciwora']","output":"Hangman's fracture"} +{"instruction":"Bilirubin UDP glucuronyl transferase activity is absent in","input":"Choices: ['Crigler-Najjar type I', 'Crigler-Najjar type II', 'Rotor syndrome', 'Gilbert syndrome']","output":"Crigler-Najjar type I"} +{"instruction":"A man having multiple, painful, indurated, undermined, sloughed ulcer over glans penis, which occurred 5 days after exposure, most likely diagnosis is:","input":"Choices: ['Chancroid', 'Primary chancre', 'Herpes genitalis', 'LGV']","output":"Chancroid"} +{"instruction":"A mother brings an 18-month-old to the emergency center with the concern that the child may have ingested a substance. Which of the following is a contraindication to the use of ipecac in this child?","input":"Choices: ['Age less than 5 years', 'Breast-feeding', 'Ingestion of alkali', 'Ingestion of iron']","output":"Ingestion of alkali"} +{"instruction":"Which one of the following is the characteristic feature of juvenile myoclonic epilepsy?","input":"Choices: ['Myoclonic seizures frequently occur in morning', 'Complete remission is common', 'Response to anticonvulsants is poor', 'Associated absence seizures are present in majority of patients']","output":"Myoclonic seizures frequently occur in morning"} +{"instruction":"Test done at sub Subcentre during pregnancy:","input":"Choices: ['USG', 'Haemoglobin', 'OGTT', 'Triple test']","output":"Haemoglobin"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is consistent with diagnosis of De-Quervain thyroiditis?","input":"Choices: ['45 year female with 2 week history of painful thyroid gland with elevated T4, T3 and low TSH. RAIU shows increased uptake', '25 year female with painless enlarged thyroid with elevated T4,T3 and undetectable TSH. RAIU shows increased uptake', '45 year female with fatigue and low T4, T3 and Low TSH', '45 year male with painful thyroid 8 weeks ago with low free T4, T3 and elevated TSH']","output":"45 year male with painful thyroid 8 weeks ago with low free T4, T3 and elevated TSH"} +{"instruction":"Carry over effect is seen in","input":"Choices: ['Case control study', 'Concurrent parallel trial', 'Cross over study', 'Cohort study']","output":"Cross over study"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following step of glycolysis is inhibited by iodoacetate?","input":"Choices: ['Phosphoenol Pyruvate to Pyruvate', '2 Phosphoglycerate to Phosphoenol Pyruvate', 'Glyceradehyde 3 Phosphate to 1,3 bisphosphoglycerate', '3 Phosphoglycerate to 2 Phosphoglycerate']","output":"Glyceradehyde 3 Phosphate to 1,3 bisphosphoglycerate"} +{"instruction":"Largest benign ovarian tumor is -","input":"Choices: ['Serous cyst adenoma', 'Mucinous cyst adenoma', 'Dermoid cyst', 'Dysgerminoma']","output":"Mucinous cyst adenoma"} +{"instruction":"All of the following drugs are used for prophylaxis of migraine except;","input":"Choices: ['Propranolol', 'Imipramine', 'Flutamide', 'Flunarizine']","output":"Flutamide"} +{"instruction":"Tumors most amenable (cured with) to chemotherapy.","input":"Choices: ['Chorio Ca', 'Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma', 'Hepatocellular Ca', 'Thyroid Ca']","output":"Chorio Ca"} +{"instruction":"Masculine voice in females is treated by","input":"Choices: ['Thyroplasty type 1', 'Thyroplasty type 2', 'Thyroplasty type 3', 'Thyroplasty type 4']","output":"Thyroplasty type 3"} +{"instruction":"The most common cause of short stature is –","input":"Choices: ['Constitutional', 'Systemic diseases', 'Hypothyroidism', 'Growth hormone deficiency']","output":"Constitutional"} +{"instruction":"A young asymptomatic female is observed to have a Mid-systollic click on routine examination. Valves are likely to show","input":"Choices: ['Myxomatous degeneration', 'Aschoff bodies', 'Calcified degeneration', 'Rupture chordae tendinae']","output":"Myxomatous degeneration"} +{"instruction":"Drug with beta adrenergic blocking, with antioxidant, with calcium channel blocking, with alpha 1 antagonist activity is ?","input":"Choices: ['Esmolol', 'Carvedilol', 'Nebivolol', 'Levobunolol']","output":"Carvedilol"} +{"instruction":"A patient with bronchiectasis develops nephrotic syndrome. The most probable diagnosis is?","input":"Choices: ['SLE', 'Cystic fibrosis', 'Amyloidosis', 'HIV']","output":"Amyloidosis"} +{"instruction":"Purkinje cells from the the cerebellum end in :","input":"Choices: ['Extrapyramidal system', 'Cranial nerve nuclei', 'Cerebellar nuclei', 'Cerebral coex']","output":"Cerebellar nuclei"} +{"instruction":"A 35-year-old woman presents with infertility and palpable pelvic mass. Her CA-125 level is 90 mIU\/mL diagnosis is:","input":"Choices: ['Ovarian Ca', 'Endometrioma', 'Tuberculosis', 'Borderline ovarian tumor']","output":"Endometrioma"} +{"instruction":"Gauchers disease is:","input":"Choices: ['Inherited as AR', 'Inherited as AD', 'Inherited as XLR', 'Inherited as XLD']","output":"Inherited as AR"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following facial expressions indicate the rest position","input":"Choices: ['Lips are even anteroposteriorly with slight contact.', 'Skin around the eyes and chin is relaxed.', 'Relaxation around the nostrils with unobstructed breathing.', 'All of the above']","output":"All of the above"} +{"instruction":"All of the following statements are true regarding sumatriptan except","input":"Choices: ['It has 99% oral bioavailability', 'It is contraindicated in coronary aery disease', 'It constricts cranial vessels', 'It is selective 5-HT 1B\/ID receptor agonist']","output":"It has 99% oral bioavailability"} +{"instruction":"In neonatal herpes, true is :","input":"Choices: ['Caused by HSV – II', 'Hepatosplenornegaly is diagnostic', 'Spontaneous recovery occurs', 'If not treated, disseminates']","output":"Caused by HSV – II"} +{"instruction":"High frequency audiometry is used in","input":"Choices: ['Otosclerosis', 'Ototoxicity', 'Non-organic hearing loss', \"Meniere's disease\"]","output":"Ototoxicity"} +{"instruction":"LT antagonists are used in asthma for -","input":"Choices: ['Along with beta agonists to reduce steroids', 'In place of beta blockers as sole therapy', 'Prophylactic therapy for mild to moderate asthma', 'Definitive therapy in acute attack of asthma']","output":"Prophylactic therapy for mild to moderate asthma"} +{"instruction":"Which one of the following is FALSE regarding atropine: March 2013","input":"Choices: ['Used to prevent adhesions in inflammatory conditions of eye', 'Used in concentration of 1%', 'Can be given in sinus bradycardia patients', 'Long acting miotic']","output":"Long acting miotic"} +{"instruction":"Best mode of contraception for a newly married lady with rheumatic heart disease:","input":"Choices: ['Oral pills', 'Norplant', 'IUCD', 'Condom']","output":"Condom"} +{"instruction":"To give intramuscular injections, safe quadrant of gluteal region is:","input":"Choices: ['Anterosuperior', 'Anteroinferior', 'Posterosuperior', 'Posteroinferior']","output":"Anterosuperior"} +{"instruction":"Detailed plan titled “3 by 5” implemented by WHO in 2003 for AIDS means","input":"Choices: ['Treating at least 3 to 5 AIDS infections', 'Controlling 3 chances of infectionout of known 5', 'Providing treatment to 3 million sufferers by year 2005', 'All of the above']","output":"Providing treatment to 3 million sufferers by year 2005"} +{"instruction":"Supporting cells of taste buds are called as","input":"Choices: ['Sustenticular cells', 'Taste cells', 'Von ebner cells', 'Acini']","output":"Sustenticular cells"} +{"instruction":"High oxygen tension in alveoli is due to","input":"Choices: ['Right to left shunt', 'Ventilation perfusion mismatch', 'Bronchial asthma', 'Inapporpriate gas exchange']","output":"Ventilation perfusion mismatch"} +{"instruction":"All of the following are true about 5-flurouracil except","input":"Choices: ['It is a purine analogue', '5 - flurouracil acts by inhibiting Thymidilate synthase enzyme', 'It can cause hand & foot syndrome', 'It is used along with folinic acid and oxaliplatin for colorectal cancer']","output":"It is a purine analogue"} +{"instruction":"40 years male with spherophakia is at risk for developing ?","input":"Choices: ['Phacolytic glaucoma', 'Phacoanaphylactic glaucoma', 'Phacomorphic glaucoma', 'None of the above']","output":"Phacomorphic glaucoma"} +{"instruction":"What is the most impoant role of bradykinin in acute inflammation -","input":"Choices: ['Increase in vascular permeability', 'Vasodilatation', 'Mediation of pain', 'Bronchoconstriction']","output":"Increase in vascular permeability"} +{"instruction":"40 years old male patient came with complaint of dry cough and dyspnoea. On lung function tests, restrictive pattern of decreases lung function is seen. Chest x-ray showed few reticular opacities in bilateral lung. HRCT of lung was performed which shows GGO in bilateral lung fields sparing sub-pleural region. Most probable diagnosis is","input":"Choices: ['UIP', 'NSIP', 'Hypersensitivity pneumonitis', 'Respiratory bronchiolitis']","output":"NSIP"} +{"instruction":"In tumor lysis syndrome all are seen except -","input":"Choices: ['Hyperuricemia', 'Hyperphosphatemia', 'Hyperkalemia', 'Hypercalcemdia']","output":"Hypercalcemdia"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following belongs to antifibrinolytic drugs","input":"Choices: ['Alteplase', 'Urokinase', 'Aprotinin', 'Reteplase']","output":"Aprotinin"} +{"instruction":"What is the treatment of choice in pregnant women with polyhydramnios and marked respiratory distress at 35 weeks of gestation?","input":"Choices: ['Intravenous frusemide', 'Induction of labour', 'Amniocentesis', 'Aificial rupture of membranes']","output":"Amniocentesis"} +{"instruction":"A 50 year old male presented with recurrent bloody diarrhea. Colonoscopy showed geographical ulcers. Histopathology is shown below. What is your diagnosis?","input":"Choices: ['Pseudomebranous colitis', 'Non-hodgkin lymphoma colon', 'Adenocarcinoma colon', 'Crohn disease']","output":"Crohn disease"} +{"instruction":"TRUE statement about aspirin is:","input":"Choices: ['In an afebrile patient acute overdose of aspirin produces hypothermia', 'Aspirin suppresses flushing associated with large dose of nicotinic acid', 'Aspirin therapy prevents granulomatous lesions and cardiac complications of acute rheumatic fever', 'Long term aspirin therapy increases the risk of developing colon cancer']","output":"Aspirin suppresses flushing associated with large dose of nicotinic acid"} +{"instruction":"In an early carious lesion, the first structure to show evidence of destruction is the","input":"Choices: ['Enamel prism', 'Cuticle', 'Interprismatic substance', 'Lamellae']","output":"Interprismatic substance"} +{"instruction":"All of the following virus contain double-stranded DNA, Except","input":"Choices: ['Parvovirus', 'Papilloma virus', 'Herpes virus', 'Pox virus']","output":"Parvovirus"} +{"instruction":"What is the uppermost intercostal space used for hepatic biopsy :","input":"Choices: ['5th', '7th', '9th', '11th']","output":"7th"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is low flow Oxygen delivery device","input":"Choices: ['Nasal cannula', 'Venti-mask', 'Bag & mask ventilation', 'Aerosol system']","output":"Nasal cannula"} +{"instruction":"Pedigree analysis--Analyze the following pedigree and give the mode of inheritance:","input":"Choices: ['Autosomal recessive', 'Autosomal dominant', 'Mitochondrial inheritance', 'X-linked dominant']","output":"Mitochondrial inheritance"} +{"instruction":"Transport media used for Neisseria is","input":"Choices: [\"Pike's medium\", \"Amie's medium\", 'VR medium', 'Autoclaved sea water']","output":"Amie's medium"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is an Alpha 1 blocker without any effect on blood pressure?","input":"Choices: ['Tamsulosin', 'Prazosin', 'Oxazocin', 'Terazocin']","output":"Tamsulosin"} +{"instruction":"\"Nerve terminals release chemicals\" release chemicals\" ? discovered by:","input":"Choices: ['Dale', 'Withering', 'Domagk', 'Loewi']","output":"Loewi"} +{"instruction":"Adenocarcinoma of the lung is NOT associated with which of the following features?","input":"Choices: ['Is not associated with cigarette smoking', 'Is usually found in the periphery of the lung', 'Is more common in women than men', 'Often produces ectopic hormones']","output":"Often produces ectopic hormones"} +{"instruction":"All are Anterior relations of the Right kidney except:","input":"Choices: ['Suprarenal gland', 'Hepatic flexure of the colon', 'Third pa of the duodenum', 'Liver']","output":"Third pa of the duodenum"} +{"instruction":"A patient presents with heterotopic ossification around the knee joint. The laboratory investigation of choice in him is which of the following?","input":"Choices: ['Serum calcium', 'Serum Alkaline Phosphatase', 'Serum phosphorus', 'Serum Acid phosphatase']","output":"Serum Alkaline Phosphatase"} +{"instruction":"Implantation occurs at -","input":"Choices: ['2-3 days', '6-7 days', '15-20 days', '20-25 days']","output":"6-7 days"} +{"instruction":"In follicular carcinoma chromosomal translocation is?","input":"Choices: ['PAX8 -PPARrl', 'RET - PTC', 'ALK -NMP1', 'JAK - TEL']","output":"PAX8 -PPARrl"} +{"instruction":"Risk of the damage to the fetus by maternal rubella is maximum if the mother gets infected in -","input":"Choices: ['6-12 weeks of pregnancy', '20-24 weeks of pregnancy', '24-28 weeks of pregnancy', '32-36 weeks of pregnancy']","output":"6-12 weeks of pregnancy"} +{"instruction":"Mechanism of action of Clomiphene Citrate is:","input":"Choices: ['Binds to estrogen receptors and causes negative feedback at hypothalamus', 'Binds estrogen receptors and prevents negative feed back at hypothalamus', 'Binds to progesterone receptors', 'Progesterone agonist']","output":"Binds estrogen receptors and prevents negative feed back at hypothalamus"} +{"instruction":"Most common organism associated with reactive ahritis is:","input":"Choices: ['Staphylococcus', 'Shigella', 'Chlamydia', 'Yersinia']","output":"Chlamydia"} +{"instruction":"The factor\/mechanism involved in glomerulotubular balance is:","input":"Choices: ['signalling by macula densa cells', 'Oncotic pressure in peritubular capillaries', 'Contraction of the mesangial cells', 'Sluggish blood flow in medullary interstitium']","output":"Oncotic pressure in peritubular capillaries"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following leads to greenish discharge per vaginum -","input":"Choices: ['Bacterial vaginosis', 'Trichomoniasis', 'Chlamydia', 'Ureaplasma urealyticum']","output":"Trichomoniasis"} +{"instruction":"Morphine can be given by all the following routes except:","input":"Choices: ['Intravenous', 'Intramuscular', 'Subcutaneous', 'Sublingual']","output":"Sublingual"} +{"instruction":"Closure of the foramen primum results from fusion of which of the following structures?","input":"Choices: ['Septum secundum and the fused atrioventricular cushions', 'Septum secundum and the septum primum', 'Septum primum and the fused atrioventricular cushions', 'Septum primum and the septum spurium']","output":"Septum primum and the fused atrioventricular cushions"} +{"instruction":"HIV-E is more common","input":"Choices: ['India', 'Africa', 'Europe', 'Thailand']","output":"Thailand"} +{"instruction":"Select the drug which can improve urinary flow rate in benign prostatic hyperophy without affecting prostate size","input":"Choices: ['Finasteride', 'Prazosin', 'Goserelin', 'Amphetamine']","output":"Prazosin"} +{"instruction":"Entomology of cadaver helps in finding :","input":"Choices: ['Time of death', 'Mode of death', 'Manner of death', 'Identify the disease']","output":"Time of death"} +{"instruction":"Fimbriectomy is also known as:","input":"Choices: ['Pomeroy technique', \"Uchid's procedure\", \"Kroener's procedure\", \"Irving's procedure\"]","output":"Kroener's procedure"} +{"instruction":"Cytokines-","input":"Choices: ['Includes interleukins', 'Produce only in sepsis', 'Are polypeptide (complex protein)', 'Highly specific action']","output":"Includes interleukins"} +{"instruction":"The specialized mammalian tissue\/organ in which fuel oxidation serves not to produce ATP but to generate heat is:","input":"Choices: ['Adrenal gland', 'Skeletal muscle', 'Brown adipose tissue', 'Heart']","output":"Brown adipose tissue"} +{"instruction":"Fluid administration in an infant of 10 kg is","input":"Choices: ['1 ml\/kg\/hr', '2 ml\/kg\/hr', '3 ml\/kg\/hr', '4 ml\/kg\/hr']","output":"4 ml\/kg\/hr"} +{"instruction":"Kwashiorkor is characterised by all of the following features except –","input":"Choices: ['Edema.', 'Patchy depigmentation of hair', 'Fatty liver', 'Fatty infiltration of pancreas']","output":"Fatty infiltration of pancreas"} +{"instruction":"The following are adverse effects of SSRIs except","input":"Choices: ['Weight changes', 'Diarrhoea', 'Delayed ejaculation', 'Galactorrhea']","output":"Galactorrhea"} +{"instruction":"An 8-month old child presented with itchy, exudative lesions on the face, palms and soles. The siblings also have similar complaints. Which of the following is the treatment of choice?","input":"Choices: ['Systemic ampicillin', 'Topical permethrin', 'Systemic prednisolone', 'Topical betamethasone']","output":"Topical permethrin"} +{"instruction":"Bevel in class II amalgam filling is given for:","input":"Choices: ['Increased retention', 'Increased resistance', 'To prevent microleakage', 'Aesthetic reasons']","output":"Increased resistance"} +{"instruction":"Modern diagnostic aid to diagnose ectopic pregnancy:a) HCGb) Transvaginal USGc) AFPd) Gravindex","input":"Choices: ['ac', 'a', 'ad', 'ab']","output":"ab"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following structures is fixed first during reimplantation of an amputated digit -","input":"Choices: ['Bone', 'Aery', 'Vein', 'Nerve']","output":"Aery"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following cardiac lesion is least likely to occur in Congenital Rubella syndrome?","input":"Choices: ['ASD', 'VSD', 'PDA', 'Pulmonary Stenosis']","output":"ASD"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is Initial Tooth Preparation stage?","input":"Choices: ['External wall finishing', 'Pulp protection', 'Convenience form', 'Debridement and inspection']","output":"Convenience form"} +{"instruction":"Nerve which is likely to be involved in malignant spread and thyroid surgery?","input":"Choices: ['Recurrent laryngeal nerve', 'Superior laryngeal nerve', 'Internal laryngeal nerve', 'Both 1 and 2']","output":"Both 1 and 2"} +{"instruction":"Ha&;s rule is related to","input":"Choices: ['Mechanism of Internal rotation.', 'Mechanism of Crowning.', 'Mechanism of Engagement.', 'Mechanism of Restitution.']","output":"Mechanism of Internal rotation."} +{"instruction":"Regarding NK cells, false statement is -","input":"Choices: ['it is activated by IL-2', 'Expresses CD 3 receptor', 'It is a variant of large lymphocyte', 'There is antibody induced proliferation of NK cells']","output":"There is antibody induced proliferation of NK cells"} +{"instruction":"Following injury to a blood vessel, immediate haemostasis is achieved by","input":"Choices: ['Fibrin deposition', 'Vasoconstriction', 'Platelet adhesion', 'Thrombosis']","output":"Vasoconstriction"} +{"instruction":"Translation occurs in :","input":"Choices: ['Ribosomes', 'Mitochondria', 'Nucleus', 'Cytoplasm']","output":"Ribosomes"} +{"instruction":"Wedging in the interproximal areas in case of recession is called","input":"Choices: ['Piggy back', 'Tie back', 'Tie through', 'None of the above']","output":"Piggy back"} +{"instruction":"Which of the marked area is involved in relieving pain when painful site is massaged?","input":"Choices: ['A', 'B', 'C', 'D']","output":"A"} +{"instruction":"The maximum effect of a drug is defined by-","input":"Choices: ['Therapeutic index', 'Potency', 'Efficacy', 'Adversity']","output":"Efficacy"} +{"instruction":"A 75-year-old banker presents with complaints of increasing difficulty doing up his shi buttons every morning and brushing his teeth. On examination dental hygiene is good and you notice that his hand shakes slightly when he is relaxing in front of the TV but stops when he reaches for the TV remote, and he is able to switch channels. What is the best initial management step?","input":"Choices: ['Deep brain stimulation', 'Send him for Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT)', 'Prescribe L-Dopa', 'Prescribe Pramipexole']","output":"Prescribe L-Dopa"} +{"instruction":"'Coral red' fluorescence on Wood's lamp is seen in","input":"Choices: ['Erythrasma', 'Erysipelas', 'Pityriasis versicolor', 'Tinea corporis']","output":"Erythrasma"} +{"instruction":"When gases flow through an orifice which factor is least likely to affect turbulence","input":"Choices: ['Density of gas', 'Viscosity of gas', 'Pressure of gas', 'Diameter of orifice']","output":"Pressure of gas"} +{"instruction":"Medullary index of Human hair is","input":"Choices: ['1:01', '1:02', '1:03', '1:05']","output":"1:03"} +{"instruction":"Reversal lepra reaction shown no response to :","input":"Choices: ['Cloafazimine', 'Chloroquine', 'Glucocoicoids', 'Thalidomide']","output":"Thalidomide"} +{"instruction":"18 yrs. old hears voices discussing him in third person has:","input":"Choices: ['Schizophrenia', 'Depression', 'Mania', 'Phobia']","output":"Schizophrenia"} +{"instruction":"Simple life cycle requires -","input":"Choices: ['One host', 'Two host', 'Three host', 'Four host']","output":"One host"} +{"instruction":"During Protein biosynthesis, high energy bonds are not utilized in which one of the following steps?","input":"Choices: ['Formation of aminoacyl RNA', 'Binding of aminoacyl tRNA to A site of ribosome', 'Formation of peptide bone (peptidyl transferase step)', 'Translocation step']","output":"Formation of peptide bone (peptidyl transferase step)"} +{"instruction":"HIV virus has predilection for infecting:","input":"Choices: ['CD4 + T cells', 'CD 8 cells', 'Macrophages', 'Plasma cells']","output":"CD4 + T cells"} +{"instruction":"On performing refraction using plane mirror on a patient who's has a refractive error of -3 D sphere with -2 D cylinder at 90 degree from a distance 1 metre under no cyclopgia, the reflex would be seen to move","input":"Choices: ['With the movement in the horizontal axis and against the movement in the veical axis', 'With the movement in both the axis', 'Against the movement in both the axis', 'With the movement in the veical axis and against the movement in horizontal axis']","output":"Against the movement in both the axis"} +{"instruction":"Coral-red fluorescence with Wood's light strongly suggests the diagnosis of?","input":"Choices: ['Ash leaf macules', 'Acanthosis nigricans', 'Erysipeloid', 'Erythrasma']","output":"Erythrasma"} +{"instruction":"A patient comes with the H\/O swelling in the submandibular region. He is diagnosed to have submandibular abscess. The incision to drain the abscess is put 1 cm below the base of the mandible because","input":"Choices: ['The submandibular gland appears 1 cm below the mandible', 'It is difficult to incise along the margin of the mandible', 'The marginal mandibular nerve may be injured if incision is along the base of mandible', 'To avoid injury to the cervical branch of facial nerve']","output":"The marginal mandibular nerve may be injured if incision is along the base of mandible"} +{"instruction":"Cart-wheel appearance of tympanic membrane in ASOM is due to -","input":"Choices: ['Perforation of tymparic membrane', 'Edema of tympanic membrane', 'Congested blood vessels along malleus', 'Granulation tissue on tympanic membrane']","output":"Congested blood vessels along malleus"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following statements best describes the colon?","input":"Choices: ['The majority is derived from the primitive hindgut.', 'It is usually invested with peritoneum on all sides.', 'The hepatic flexure is related directly to the liver and right kidney.', 'The ascending and descending colon are always retroperitoneal.']","output":"The hepatic flexure is related directly to the liver and right kidney."} +{"instruction":"Biphasic histopathology is seen in -a) Rhabdomyomab) Mesotheliomac) Neurofibromatosisd) Synovial sarcoma","input":"Choices: ['bd', 'd', 'ab', 'ac']","output":"bd"} +{"instruction":"Angle of tracheal bifurcation is increased in enlargement of:","input":"Choices: ['Right ventricle', 'Left ventricle', 'Right atrium', 'Left atrium']","output":"Left atrium"} +{"instruction":"All of the following bases are present in DNA, EXCEPT:","input":"Choices: ['Adenine', 'Guanine', 'Uracil', 'Thymine']","output":"Uracil"} +{"instruction":"All of the following statements about Pseudopancreatic cysts are true except :","input":"Choices: ['Percutaneous aspiration is treatment of choice', 'Cystojejunostomy is treatment of choice', 'Serum amylase levels are increased', 'Presents as an epigastric mass']","output":"Percutaneous aspiration is treatment of choice"} +{"instruction":"Hea block is seen in -","input":"Choices: ['Hypermagensemia', 'Hypomagnesemia', 'Hypernatremia', 'Hypocalcemia']","output":"Hypermagensemia"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following art is a fusion inhibitor?","input":"Choices: ['Zidovudine', 'Enfuvirtide', 'Nevirapine', 'Ritonavir']","output":"Enfuvirtide"} +{"instruction":"The following pattern of aberration occurs, when irradiation is done at which of the following phase of cell cycle?​","input":"Choices: ['G1 Phase', 'Early S phase', 'G2 phase', 'Both 1 and 2']","output":"Both 1 and 2"} +{"instruction":"Which is not included in the triad of hemolytic uremic syndrome?","input":"Choices: ['Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia', 'Thrombocytopenia', 'Renal insufficiency', 'Coagulopathy']","output":"Coagulopathy"} +{"instruction":"Age group affected by osteosarcoma -","input":"Choices: ['upto 10 years', '10-20 years', '30 - 40 years', 'Older than 45 years']","output":"10-20 years"} +{"instruction":"All of the following structures pierce the buccinator muscle, EXCEPT?","input":"Choices: ['Parotid duct', 'Buccal glands of the cheek', 'Modiolus', 'Buccal nerve']","output":"Modiolus"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following features is not included in psychosis","input":"Choices: ['Panic attack', 'Delusion', 'Hallucination', 'Hypochondriasis']","output":"Panic attack"} +{"instruction":"Acantholytic cells are :","input":"Choices: ['Epidermal cells', 'Plasma cells', 'Keratinocytes', 'Giant cells']","output":"Keratinocytes"} +{"instruction":"A young child with backache reveals a solitary collapsed dorsal vertebra with preserved intervertebral disk spaces and no evidence of soft tissue mass. The most likely diagnosis is?","input":"Choices: ['Lymphoma', \"Langerhans's cell histiocytosis\", \"Ewing's sarcoma\", 'Metastases']","output":"Langerhans's cell histiocytosis"} +{"instruction":"Lysosomal transpo defect is seen in","input":"Choices: ['Cystinosis', \"Goucher's disease\", 'Metachromatic leukosytrophy', \"Tay Sach's disease\"]","output":"Cystinosis"} +{"instruction":"Moth eaten bone is seen in which of the following ?","input":"Choices: ['Osteoid osteoma', 'Multiple myeloma', 'Eosinophilic granuloma', 'Chondromyxoid fibroma']","output":"Multiple myeloma"} +{"instruction":"Most impoant amino acid for formation Neutrophilic extracellular trap (NET) is?","input":"Choices: ['Leucine', 'Methionine', 'Citrulline', 'Valine']","output":"Citrulline"} +{"instruction":"Not true about facial vein is","input":"Choices: ['Drains in EJV', 'Largest vein of face', 'Formed from angular vein', 'Has no valves']","output":"Drains in EJV"} +{"instruction":"Breath sounds are decreased in following except","input":"Choices: ['Lobar pneumonia', 'Pneumothorax', 'Pleural effusion', 'Atelectasis']","output":"Lobar pneumonia"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following drugs is effective as a replacement for sodium valproate in a female of childbearing age group for treatment of juvenile monoclinic epilepsy?","input":"Choices: ['Levetiracetam', 'Lincosamide', 'Carbamazepine', 'Phenytoin']","output":"Levetiracetam"} +{"instruction":"Which one of the following viruses is the leading cause of congenital malformations?","input":"Choices: ['Rabies', 'Rhinovirus', 'Cytomegalovirus', 'Respiratory syncytial virus']","output":"Cytomegalovirus"} +{"instruction":"A child presents with an expansile swelling on medial side of the nose. Likely diagnosis is -","input":"Choices: ['Teratoma', 'Meningcoele', 'Dermoid cyst', 'Lipoma']","output":"Meningcoele"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is not used as emergency contraceptive?","input":"Choices: ['Danazol', 'Levonorgestrel', 'Mifepristone', 'IUCD']","output":"Danazol"} +{"instruction":"Most common cause of inherited peripheral neuropathy is ?","input":"Choices: ['Chacot - Marie - Tooth disease', 'Hereditary neuropathy with pressure palsy', 'Familial amyloid polyneuropathy', 'Hereditary sensory neuropathy']","output":"Chacot - Marie - Tooth disease"} +{"instruction":"The number of major hormones produced by the anterior pituitary gland is","input":"Choices: ['4', '5', '6', '7']","output":"6"} +{"instruction":"Zinc is a component of the following except","input":"Choices: ['Hexokinase', 'Carbonic anhydrase', 'Insulin', 'Carboxypeptidase']","output":"Hexokinase"} +{"instruction":"Ankylosing apondylitis is associated with ?","input":"Choices: ['HLA-B27', 'HLA-B-8', 'HLA - DW4\/DR4', 'HLA - DR3']","output":"HLA-B27"} +{"instruction":"A farmer rearing sheep, presented with complaints of fever and weakness for the last one month. There is generalised lymphadenopathy. There was also associated hepatomegaly Biopsy of liver showed non caseating granuloma. These are most likely due to infection with -","input":"Choices: ['Yersinia pestis', 'Brucella Canis', 'Francisella tularensis', 'Brucella melitenesis']","output":"Yersinia pestis"} +{"instruction":"Basophilic stippling is seen in poisoning with ?","input":"Choices: ['Lead', 'Arsenic', 'Copper', 'Phosphorous']","output":"Lead"} +{"instruction":"Which vitamin can be synthesized from tryptophan:","input":"Choices: ['Niacin', 'Riboflavin', 'Cobalamin', 'Folic acid']","output":"Niacin"} +{"instruction":"Interleukin I primarily acts on-","input":"Choices: ['T-lymphocytes', 'B-lymphocytes', 'Neutrophils', 'Macrophages']","output":"T-lymphocytes"} +{"instruction":"All are signs \/features of ectopic pregnancy on USG except","input":"Choices: ['Pseudo sac', 'Hyprechoic ring', 'Adenexal mass', 'Echogenic mass with multicystic spaces within endometrial cavity']","output":"Echogenic mass with multicystic spaces within endometrial cavity"} +{"instruction":"Fluoride ion acts as inhibitor of:","input":"Choices: ['Enolase', 'Hexokinase', 'Cyt oxidase', 'Carbonic anhydrase']","output":"Enolase"} +{"instruction":"A gentleman of age 70 yrs, presents with complaints of tinnitus which is constant with a high buzzing pitch. Most probable diagnosis is:","input":"Choices: ['Acoustic neuroma', 'ASOM', 'Labyrinthitis', 'Acoustic trauma']","output":"Acoustic neuroma"} +{"instruction":"The sigma subunit of prokaryotic RNA polymerase:","input":"Choices: ['Binds the antibiotic rifampicin', 'Is inhibited by a-amanitin', 'Specifically recognizes the promoter site', 'Is part of the core enzyme']","output":"Specifically recognizes the promoter site"} +{"instruction":"Causes of oesophagal carcinoma","input":"Choices: ['Tylosis', 'Reflux esophagities', 'Lye ingestion', 'perforation']","output":"Tylosis"} +{"instruction":"A 26-year-old woman in her sixth month of pregnancy is brought to the emergency department. She had been punched in the abdomen. She is found to have generalized abdominal pain, tenderness, abdominal distention, ileus, and absent fetal heart sounds. The patient's blood pressure is 80\/60 mm Hg; despite administration of 3 L of Ringer's lactate, her blood pressure only comes up to 90\/60 mm Hg. What is the next step in management?","input":"Choices: ['Application of PASG', 'Transfusion of 2 U of blood and reevaluate', 'Exploratory laparotomy and vaginal hysterectomy', 'Exploratory laparotomy with evacuation of the uterus and closure of the uterus disruption']","output":"Exploratory laparotomy with evacuation of the uterus and closure of the uterus disruption"} +{"instruction":"A 2-year old child is spinned around by his father holding his hand. Suddenly the child staed crying and did not allow his father to touch his elbow. Which of the following is the likely diagnosis?","input":"Choices: ['Pulled elbow', 'Supracondylar fracture', 'Fracture olecranon process', 'Radial head dislocation']","output":"Pulled elbow"} +{"instruction":"Among which hypoxia AV O2 difference is max -","input":"Choices: ['Histotoxic', 'Stagnant', 'Hypoxic', 'Anemic']","output":"Stagnant"} +{"instruction":"Tubercular laryngitis affects primarily","input":"Choices: ['Anterior commissure', 'Posterior commissure of larynx', 'Anywhere within the larynx', 'Superior surface of larynx']","output":"Posterior commissure of larynx"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following opioid should not be used with MAO inhibitors","input":"Choices: ['Pethidine', 'Pentazocine', 'Buprenorphine', 'Morphine']","output":"Pethidine"} +{"instruction":"Early onset and bad prognosis is seen in:","input":"Choices: ['Catatonic Schizophrenia', 'Hebephrenic Schizophrenia', 'Paranoid Schizophrenia', 'Simple Schizophrenia']","output":"Hebephrenic Schizophrenia"} +{"instruction":"Test quoted as highly sensitive means ?","input":"Choices: ['High false positive and high false negative', 'High false positive & low false negative', 'Low false positive & low false negative', 'Low false positive and high false negative']","output":"High false positive & low false negative"} +{"instruction":"Cysticercous cellulose is seen in infection with:","input":"Choices: ['T. solium', 'T. saginata', 'Echinococcus granulosus', 'None of the above']","output":"T. solium"} +{"instruction":"Eltrombopag is a:","input":"Choices: ['Thrombopoietin agonist', 'Thrombopoietin antagonist', 'Erythropoietin agonist', 'Erythropoietin antagonist']","output":"Thrombopoietin agonist"} +{"instruction":"Radiological signs of acute pancreatitis include the following except -","input":"Choices: ['Colon cut-off sign', \"Cullen's sign\", 'Renal halo sign', 'Sentinel loop sign']","output":"Cullen's sign"} +{"instruction":"E. coli causes: September 2011","input":"Choices: ['Diarrhoea', 'Septicemia', 'Urinary tract infection', 'All of the above']","output":"All of the above"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following antineoplastic drug is used to prevent synechiae formation after endoscopic nasal procedures","input":"Choices: ['Actinomycin', 'Mitomycin', 'Epirubicin', 'Pentostatin']","output":"Mitomycin"} +{"instruction":"Aspirin produces all of the following effects except","input":"Choices: ['Frank gastric bleeding', 'Prolonged prothrombin time', 'Platelet dysfunction', 'Constipation']","output":"Constipation"} +{"instruction":"A term baby was brought with complaints of breathing difficulty. He was born normally to primigravida. Mother's antenatal period and labour record were normal. On examination he was in respiratory distress. Abdomen was flat. There was no organomegaly. The most likely cause is –","input":"Choices: ['Congenital heart disease with dextrocardia', 'Respiratory distress syndrome', 'Diaphragmatic hernia', 'Aspiration pneumonia']","output":"Diaphragmatic hernia"} +{"instruction":"Meckels diverticulum represents which structure of the embryonic life?","input":"Choices: ['Vitellointestinal duct', 'Wolfian duct', 'Mullerian duct', 'Paramesonophric gut']","output":"Vitellointestinal duct"} +{"instruction":"which is the SNRi used to treat pain assosiated with diaetic neuropathy","input":"Choices: ['clomipramine', 'venlafaxine', 'duloxetine', 'desvenlafaxine']","output":"duloxetine"} +{"instruction":"What is the name of this triangle?","input":"Choices: ['Gastrinoma triangle', \"Calot's triangle\", \"Doom's triangle\", 'Cholecystohepatic triangle']","output":"Gastrinoma triangle"} +{"instruction":"Therapy of choice for diffuse toxic goiter in a patient over 45 years -","input":"Choices: ['Surgery', 'Antithyroid drugs', 'Radio iodine', 'Antithyroid drugs first followed by surgery']","output":"Radio iodine"} +{"instruction":"All of the following are absolute C\/I to uterine artery embolization except.","input":"Choices: ['Pregnancy', 'Uterine infection', 'Endometrial cancer', 'Age of patient >=50 years']","output":"Age of patient >=50 years"} +{"instruction":"Definition of perjury comes under:","input":"Choices: ['IPC 191', 'IPC 193', 'IPC 197', 'IPC 198']","output":"IPC 191"} +{"instruction":"An 8th month primigravida presented with severe pruritus. Examination revealed mild icterus. Her serum bilirubin was 3mg\/dl. She has elevated AST, ALT and Alkaline phosphatase. Her RFT and coagulation profile were within normal limits. She could probably be having?","input":"Choices: ['HELLP syndrome', 'Hepato renal syndrome', 'Obstetric cholestasis', 'Viral hepatitis']","output":"Obstetric cholestasis"} +{"instruction":"The most common pathogens responsible for nosocomial pneumonia in the ICU are -","input":"Choices: ['Gram positive organisms', 'Gram negative organisms', 'Mycoplasma', 'Virus infections']","output":"Gram negative organisms"} +{"instruction":"Maximum function of corpus luteum occurs :","input":"Choices: ['At ovulation', 'Before ovulation', '3 days after ovulation', '9 days after ovulation']","output":"9 days after ovulation"} +{"instruction":"Cartilage of second arch is","input":"Choices: ['Meckels cartilage', 'Reicherts cartilage', 'Pharyngeal cartilage', 'Thyroid cartilage']","output":"Reicherts cartilage"} +{"instruction":"A tumour arising in a burns scar is likely to be","input":"Choices: ['Basal cell carcinoma', 'Squamous cell carcinoma', 'Malignant melanoma', 'Fibrosarcoma']","output":"Squamous cell carcinoma"} +{"instruction":"Main disadvantage of glass bead sterilizer:","input":"Choices: ['Technique sensitive', 'Only glass instruments can be sterilized', 'Only small instruments can be sterilized', 'None of the above']","output":"Only small instruments can be sterilized"} +{"instruction":"Spinal segment in knee jerk include all of the following except :","input":"Choices: ['L1', 'L2', 'L3', 'L4']","output":"L1"} +{"instruction":"Cysteine is formed from -","input":"Choices: ['Methionine and serine', 'Methionine and glycine', 'Alanine and glycine', 'Serine and glycine']","output":"Methionine and serine"} +{"instruction":"Which one of the following is a cyanotic congenital heart disease ?","input":"Choices: ['Patent ductus arteriosus', 'Atrial septal defect', 'Ventricular septal defect', 'Tetralogy of Fallot']","output":"Tetralogy of Fallot"} +{"instruction":"Coho study is a type of -","input":"Choices: ['Clinical trial', 'Analytic study', 'Descriptive study', 'Experimental study']","output":"Analytic study"} +{"instruction":"Koplik spot true is ?","input":"Choices: ['Pathognomic of measls', \"Present on buccal mucosa opposite P' molar\", 'Always present', 'All of above']","output":"Pathognomic of measls"} +{"instruction":"Hyperkalemia is caused by:","input":"Choices: ['N2O', 'Atracurium', 'Succinyl choline', 'Pancuronium']","output":"Succinyl choline"} +{"instruction":"Which is the COMMONEST type of seizure in newborn?","input":"Choices: ['Clonic', 'Tonic', 'Myoclonic', 'Subtle']","output":"Subtle"} +{"instruction":"Thrombomodulin thrombin complex prevents clotting because -","input":"Choices: ['Thrombomodulin inhibits prothrombin activator', 'The complex activates antithrombin III', 'Thrombomodulin-thrombin complex activates heparin', \"The complex removes thrombin and also activates protein kinase 'C' which inactivates factors V & VIII\"]","output":"The complex removes thrombin and also activates protein kinase 'C' which inactivates factors V & VIII"} +{"instruction":"Prolongation of QRS complex in ECG represents:","input":"Choices: ['Acute cor pulmonale', 'Chronic cor pulmonale', 'Left ventricular hypertrophy', 'Bundle branch block']","output":"Bundle branch block"} +{"instruction":"ABO blood groups inheritance is an example of -","input":"Choices: ['Mitochondrial inheritance', 'Allelic exclusion', 'Sex-linked inheritance', 'Co-dominance']","output":"Co-dominance"} +{"instruction":"All of the following are Normal average values of Urine; Except","input":"Choices: ['Albumin to Globulin ratio = 4:1', 'Serum potassium 4.5-6 mg \/ 100 ml', 'Serum alkaline phosphate 1..5-5 Bodansk unit', 'None of the above']","output":"Albumin to Globulin ratio = 4:1"} +{"instruction":"Nasolacrimal duct will not be formed with oblique facial cleft due to n on fusion of which of the following ridges?","input":"Choices: ['A to B', 'B to C', 'A to C', 'C to D']","output":"B to C"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is the drug of choice in obsessive compulsive disorder?","input":"Choices: ['Olanzapine', 'Fluoxetine', 'Alprazolam', 'Chlorpromazine']","output":"Fluoxetine"} +{"instruction":"Treatment of choice in acute congestive glaucoma","input":"Choices: ['Pilocarpine', 'Laser iridotomy', 'Timolol', 'Trabeculoplasty']","output":"Laser iridotomy"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is not used for removing sub gingival calculus","input":"Choices: ['Sickle scalers', 'Hoe', 'Chisel', 'File scaler']","output":"Sickle scalers"} +{"instruction":"Vitamin K dependent clotting factors are :","input":"Choices: ['Factor IX and X', 'Factor IV', 'Factor XII', 'Factor I']","output":"Factor IX and X"} +{"instruction":"A female has hypopigmented lesion on centre of forehead drug, responsible is:","input":"Choices: ['Hydroquinone', 'Mono benzene metabolite of hydroquinone', 'Para tetra butyl catechol', 'Para tetra butyl phenol']","output":"Para tetra butyl phenol"} +{"instruction":"In case of renal transplant, most common infection within one month is -","input":"Choices: ['Pneumococcus', 'Gram-ve organism', 'Pneumocystis carinii', 'Cryptococcus']","output":"Gram-ve organism"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following pulmonary symptoms dont have the corresponding not pulmonary association?","input":"Choices: ['Cyanosis.Anxiety', 'Wheezing-CHF', 'Tachypnoea-Acidosis', 'Chest pain-pericarditis']","output":"Cyanosis.Anxiety"} +{"instruction":"Relaxation of mesangial cells of kidney is brought about by ?","input":"Choices: ['cAMP', 'Endothelin', 'PGF2', 'Vasopressin']","output":"cAMP"} +{"instruction":"Drug for management of hypeension in Phaeochromocytoma","input":"Choices: ['Phenoxybenzamine', 'Phentolamine', 'Labetalol', 'Esmolol']","output":"Phenoxybenzamine"} +{"instruction":"Chromaphenicol is metabolized by: September 2007","input":"Choices: ['Oxidation', 'Acetylation', 'Glucoronide conjugation', 'All of the above']","output":"Glucoronide conjugation"} +{"instruction":"The following is not true of syphilis -","input":"Choices: ['TPI is most specific', 'VDRL is not specific', 'VDRL is negative in secondary syphilis', 'IgM test is specific for congenital syphilis']","output":"VDRL is negative in secondary syphilis"} +{"instruction":"Type of tympanogram seen in thick tympanic membrane condition is","input":"Choices: ['Type A', 'Type B', 'Type C', 'Type D']","output":"Type B"} +{"instruction":"Coronary steal phenomenon is caused by which drug ?","input":"Choices: ['Disopyramide', 'Verapamil', 'Nitroglycerine', 'Dipyridamol']","output":"Dipyridamol"} +{"instruction":"Acetic acid staining of cervix shows the following EXCEPT:","input":"Choices: ['Squamous metaplasia', 'Cervical carcinoma in situ', 'Cervical polyp', 'Cervical dysplasia']","output":"Cervical polyp"} +{"instruction":"CSF pressure is mainly regulated by:(AIIMS May 2012, May 2011)","input":"Choices: ['Rate of CSF formation', 'Rate of CSF absorption', 'Cerebral blood flow', 'Venous pressure']","output":"Rate of CSF absorption"} +{"instruction":"All of the following are true about loop diuretics except:","input":"Choices: ['They are called as \"high ceiling\" diuretics', 'They act on Na+.K+.2Cl- symporter', 'They can cause hyperuricemia', 'Loop diuretics lead to hypercalcemia and hypomagnesimia']","output":"Loop diuretics lead to hypercalcemia and hypomagnesimia"} +{"instruction":"What is the daily fluid requirement on day 1 for a 1 neonate who weighs 1400 gms?","input":"Choices: ['60 ml\/kg', '70 ml\/kg', '80ml\/kg', '90ml\/kg']","output":"80ml\/kg"} +{"instruction":"Milk is deficient in:(1994)","input":"Choices: ['Calcium', 'Vitamin A', 'Vitamin D', 'Iron']","output":"Iron"} +{"instruction":"Chemotaxis in response to activation of cells results in-","input":"Choices: ['Random multidirectional movement', 'Unidirectional motion', 'Adhesion to endothelium', 'Augmeted oxygen dependent bactericidal effect']","output":"Unidirectional motion"} +{"instruction":"Sub pubic angle is:","input":"Choices: ['<65deg', '65-75deg', '85deg', '110-120deg']","output":"85deg"} +{"instruction":"Sentinel surveillance is done for: September 2003","input":"Choices: ['Missed cases', 'Subclinical case', 'Index cases', 'Prodromal infection cases']","output":"Missed cases"} +{"instruction":"Destruction of fat in acute pancreatitis is due to -","input":"Choices: ['Lipase and elastase', 'Lipase and trypsin', 'Secretin', 'Cholecystokinin and trypsin']","output":"Lipase and trypsin"} +{"instruction":"A patient with long standing, progressive congestive hea failure dies in respiratory distress. The lungs at autopsy are 3 times their normal weight. Histologically, the alveoli show a proteinaceous granular precipitate, enlarged alveolar capillaries, and hemosiderin-laden macrophages. Other inflammatory cells are inapparent. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?","input":"Choices: ['Candida pneumonia', 'Pneumococcal pneumonia', 'Pneumocystis pneumonia', 'Pulmonary edema']","output":"Pulmonary edema"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following indicators involve reproductive woman-a) Birth Rateb) G.F.Rc) T.F.Rd) Maternal mortality rate","input":"Choices: ['a', 'c', 'bc', 'ad']","output":"bc"} +{"instruction":"Nocardia can be differentiated from other Actinomyces by","input":"Choices: ['ZN staining', 'Fontana stain', 'Gram staining', 'Oxygen requirement']","output":"ZN staining"} +{"instruction":"Pralidoxime acts by ?","input":"Choices: ['Reactivating cholinesterase enzyme', 'Promoting synthesis of cholinesterase', 'Promoting synthesis of acetylcholine', 'Direct action on cholinergic receptors']","output":"Reactivating cholinesterase enzyme"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is true about Odontoblastic process","input":"Choices: ['Provides matrix vesicle', 'Helps in initial mineralization of mantle dentin', 'Extent of the tubules is only till 1\/3rd of distance', 'All']","output":"All"} +{"instruction":"Which is of the following is not a content of inguinal canal?","input":"Choices: ['Spermatic cord', 'Round ligament', 'Ilioinguinal nerve', 'Pudendal nerve']","output":"Pudendal nerve"} +{"instruction":"Agoraphobia is commonly associated with:-","input":"Choices: ['Schizophrenia', 'Bipolar disorder', 'Panic disorder', 'OCD']","output":"Panic disorder"} +{"instruction":"Dhatura seeds resemble -","input":"Choices: ['Risinus communis', 'Capsicum', 'Opium', 'None']","output":"Capsicum"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is used as prophylaxis for meningococcal meningitis ?","input":"Choices: ['Gentamicin', 'Erythromycin', 'Rifampicin', 'Chloramphenicol']","output":"Rifampicin"} +{"instruction":"A patient is admitted to the hospital with complaints of nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, and severe abdominal pain. Which of the following would immediately alert the nurse that the patient has bleeding from the GI tract?","input":"Choices: ['Complete blood count.', 'Guaiac test.', 'Vital signs.', 'Abdominal girth.']","output":"Guaiac test."} +{"instruction":"Mineralocorticoid acts on -","input":"Choices: ['PCT', 'Loop ofhenle', 'Collecting duct', 'All of the above']","output":"Collecting duct"} +{"instruction":"In a normal pregnancy, due to physiological changes, which among the following can be seen?","input":"Choices: ['Increase in blood volume by 20 to 40%', 'Sho diastolic murmurs', 'Increase hematocrit', 'Increase vital capacity']","output":"Increase in blood volume by 20 to 40%"} +{"instruction":"Neural tube defects have which one of the following inheritance patterns ? -","input":"Choices: ['Autosomal dominant', 'Autosomal recessive', 'X-linked recessive', 'Multifactorial']","output":"Multifactorial"} +{"instruction":"Floaters can be seen in following except:","input":"Choices: ['Vitreous haemorrhage', 'Retinal detachment', 'Uveitis', 'Ac. congestive Glaucoma']","output":"Ac. congestive Glaucoma"} +{"instruction":"Which graph shows continuous frequency distribution -","input":"Choices: ['Bardagram', 'Pie chart', 'Histogram', 'Scatter diagrom']","output":"Histogram"} +{"instruction":"Bleeding ear discharge is mostly due ?","input":"Choices: ['Glomus tumour', 'Otosclerosis', 'Otitis media with effusion', 'Acoustic neuroma']","output":"Glomus tumour"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following enzyme of Heme synthesis is located in mitochondria?","input":"Choices: ['ALA synthase', 'ALA dehydratase', 'Uroporphyrinogen I synthase', 'Uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase']","output":"ALA synthase"} +{"instruction":"Auto-Rikshaw ran over a child's thigh, there is a mark of the tire tracks, it is an","input":"Choices: ['Contact bruise', 'Ectopic bruise', 'Imprint abrasion', 'None of the above']","output":"Imprint abrasion"} +{"instruction":"Most common site of myositis ossificans ?","input":"Choices: ['Knee', 'Elbow', 'Shoulder', 'Wrist']","output":"Elbow"} +{"instruction":"The child , Makes tower of 9 cubes at age of ____________","input":"Choices: ['24 months', '30 months', '36 months', '48 months']","output":"30 months"} +{"instruction":"Non venereal treponemas is\/are-a) T. pertenueb) T. carateumc) T. pallidumd) T. cuniculi","input":"Choices: ['ac', 'ab', 'ad', 'bc']","output":"ab"} +{"instruction":"Optical urethroplasty is done in ?","input":"Choices: ['Congenital stricture of urethra', 'Hypospadias', 'Epispadias', \"Testicular tumour's\"]","output":"Congenital stricture of urethra"} +{"instruction":"True regarding vitamin B3 are all except: March 2012","input":"Choices: ['Tryptophan is a precursor', 'Milk is a rich source', 'Pellagra results due to deficiency', 'Not excreted in urine']","output":"Milk is a rich source"} +{"instruction":"Langerhans cells in skin are :","input":"Choices: ['Antigen presenting cells', 'Pigment producing cells', 'Keratin synthesisng cells', 'Sensory neurons']","output":"Antigen presenting cells"} +{"instruction":"Milkman's Fracture is a type of -","input":"Choices: ['Pseudofracture', 'Clavicular fracture', 'Humeral fracture', 'Metacarpal fracture']","output":"Pseudofracture"} +{"instruction":"Schirmer test is done for?","input":"Choices: ['Oculomotor nerve', 'Optic nerve', 'Facial nerve', 'All']","output":"Facial nerve"} +{"instruction":"A person consumes large quantities of alcohol daily since 20years. He is physically dependent on alcohol. Drug that should not be given to this person is:","input":"Choices: ['Disulfiram', 'Acamprosate', 'Naltrexone', 'Chlordiazepoxide']","output":"Disulfiram"} +{"instruction":"Which ion has the lowest electrochemical driving force in a typical neuron with a resting membrane potential of -65 millivolts?","input":"Choices: ['Chloride', 'Potassium', 'Sodium', 'Calcium']","output":"Chloride"} +{"instruction":"Treatment of acne-","input":"Choices: ['13 cis retionol', 'Minocycline\/Tetracycline', 'Erytromycin', 'All']","output":"All"} +{"instruction":"Stress relaxation in denture base resins generally produces","input":"Choices: ['Sagging', 'Crazing', 'Creeping', 'Fracture lines']","output":"Crazing"} +{"instruction":"Treatment of choice in WPW syndrome patient having an alternate pathway with high-risk propeies?","input":"Choices: ['Vagal maneuver', 'Catheter ablation', 'Beta blockers', 'Flecainide']","output":"Catheter ablation"} +{"instruction":"Conley's Pointer is used to","input":"Choices: ['Identify the Lingual Nerve', 'Identify the Hypoglossal Nerve', 'Identify the Facial Nerve', 'All the above']","output":"Identify the Facial Nerve"} +{"instruction":"Cornea is lined by -","input":"Choices: ['Ciliated columinar', 'Simple columinar', 'Squamous non-keratisized', 'Pseudostrati fied']","output":"Squamous non-keratisized"} +{"instruction":"Carbonic anhydrase is which type of enzyme -","input":"Choices: ['Coenzyme', 'Metalloenzyme', 'Serine protease', 'Endopeptidase']","output":"Metalloenzyme"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following statements about Cushing’s disease is true?","input":"Choices: ['Serum adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) levels usually are low', 'Pituitary microadenoma usually is present', 'There is a high incidence of nonendocrine tumors', 'Nonsuppression of cortisol production by the high-dose dexamethasone suppression test is a characteristic finding']","output":"Pituitary microadenoma usually is present"} +{"instruction":"Figure shows the clinician grasping a tooth between his thumb and forefinger at the level of the middle third of the crown. This is:","input":"Choices: ['Percussion, a method for testing pulp vitality', 'Percussion to check the Grade 1 mobility of teeth', 'Palpation to check for the buccolingual width of the tooth', 'Palpation to check crack tooth']","output":"Percussion, a method for testing pulp vitality"} +{"instruction":"Alpha antitrypsin deficiency causes:","input":"Choices: ['Centrilobular emphysema', 'Pan acinar emphysema', 'Lung cyst', 'Bronchiectasis']","output":"Pan acinar emphysema"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following diseases is appropriately treated with combined heart-lung transplantation?","input":"Choices: ['Primary pulmonary hypertension', 'Cystic fibrosis', 'End-stage emphysema', 'Idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy with long-standing secondary pulmonary hypertension']","output":"Idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy with long-standing secondary pulmonary hypertension"} +{"instruction":"An eleven-year-old rape victim is brought to casualty for medical examination. The medical officer is required to do the following things,except -","input":"Choices: ['The consent is to be taken from the patient', 'The patient should be examined in presence of a female attendant', 'The patient should be given necessary emergency treatment', 'All the necessary forensic samples should be collected']","output":"The consent is to be taken from the patient"} +{"instruction":"Farmers lung is caused by -","input":"Choices: ['Micromonospore faenia', 'Aspergillosis', 'Histoplasma capsulatam', 'All of the above']","output":"Micromonospore faenia"} +{"instruction":"Origin of lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma is from:-","input":"Choices: ['Germinal centre T cell', 'Germinal centre B cell', 'Post germinal centre B cell', 'Pre germinal centre B cell']","output":"Post germinal centre B cell"} +{"instruction":"CURB-65' includes -","input":"Choices: ['PaO2 less than 65 mm', 'Coagulopathy', 'Severe Azotemia', 'Base deficit (acidosis)']","output":"Severe Azotemia"} +{"instruction":"Fibroblast in healing wound contains large quantities of which of the cell parts?","input":"Choices: ['Nucleoli', 'Rough endoplasmic reticulum', 'Free non membranous bound ribosomes', 'Smooth endoplasmic reticulum']","output":"Rough endoplasmic reticulum"} +{"instruction":"During which phase of the cell cycle is cellular content doubled?","input":"Choices: ['G2 phase', 'S phase', 'M phase', 'G1 phase']","output":"S phase"} +{"instruction":"Schiller-Duval bodies are seen in-","input":"Choices: ['Teratoma', 'Seminoma', 'Yolk sac tumour', 'Chorio Carcinoma']","output":"Yolk sac tumour"} +{"instruction":"Excessive hemorrhage from tonsillectomy is due to injury of the -","input":"Choices: ['Paratonsillar vein', 'Ascending palatine artery', 'Rheumatic tonsillitis', 'Physiological enlargement']","output":"Paratonsillar vein"} +{"instruction":"A girl on sulphonamides developed abdominal pain and presented to emergency with seizure. What is the probable cause?","input":"Choices: ['Acute intermittent porphyria', 'Congenital erythropoietic porphyria', 'Infectious mononucleosis', \"Kawasaki's disease\"]","output":"Acute intermittent porphyria"} +{"instruction":"Evidence not used in rape is","input":"Choices: ['Semen in vagina', 'Semen on clothes', 'Presence of smegma bacilli in vagina', 'Presence of smegma under prepuce']","output":"Presence of smegma under prepuce"} +{"instruction":"In gestational trophoblastic disease, metastases most commonly occur to:","input":"Choices: ['Brain', 'Liver', 'Lungs', 'Bone']","output":"Lungs"} +{"instruction":"β-blocker with additional α-blocking property is","input":"Choices: ['Propranolol', 'Timolol', 'Metoprolol', 'Labetalol']","output":"Labetalol"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following liver diseases in pregnancy has worst prognosis?","input":"Choices: ['Hepatitis A', 'Hepatitis B', 'Hepatitis C', 'Hepatitis E']","output":"Hepatitis E"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following inhibits gastric phase of gastric secretion: March 2011","input":"Choices: ['Amino acids in stomach', 'Vagus effect', 'Distension of the stomach', 'Low gastric pH']","output":"Low gastric pH"} +{"instruction":"A newborn doubles his height at bih by what age?","input":"Choices: ['2 & half years', '3 & half years', '4 & half years', '5 & half years']","output":"4 & half years"} +{"instruction":"GFR of a diabetic person is 90 ml\/min. Blood glucose is 200 mg\/dl. Calculate urinary glucose excretion rate if the Tm for glucose is 150 mg\/min","input":"Choices: ['20 mg\/min', '30 mg\/min', '40 mg\/min', '50 mg\/min']","output":"30 mg\/min"} +{"instruction":"Non absorbtion of fat soluble vitamins is due to?","input":"Choices: ['Steatorrhea', 'Pancreatic insufficiency', 'Both', 'None']","output":"Both"} +{"instruction":"ln spondylolisthesis following radiological features seen-","input":"Choices: ['Scotty dog', 'Scotty dog wearing a collar', 'Beheaded scotty dog terrier sign', 'Nepolean sign']","output":"Beheaded scotty dog terrier sign"} +{"instruction":"The inferior cerebellar peduncle has all the following tracts except -","input":"Choices: ['Vestibulocerebellar', 'Olivo cerebellar', 'Spino cerebellar', 'Ponto cerebellar']","output":"Ponto cerebellar"} +{"instruction":"Most commonly used cholinesterase regenerator at NM junction is ?","input":"Choices: ['Pralidoxime', 'Obidxime', 'Diacetyl monoxime', 'Edrophonium']","output":"Pralidoxime"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is TRUE about \"terminal cardiotocogram\"?","input":"Choices: ['Baseline oscillation of less than 5 bpm', 'Absent accelerations', 'Late decelerations with spontaneous uterine contractions', 'All of the above']","output":"All of the above"} +{"instruction":"Hyperdynamic circulation is seen in all except:","input":"Choices: ['Anemia', 'Beriberi', 'Cor pulmonale', 'AV fistula']","output":"Cor pulmonale"} +{"instruction":"Vitiligo vulvaris, best treatment is :","input":"Choices: ['PUVA', 'Steroids', 'Coaltar', 'All']","output":"PUVA"} +{"instruction":"Primary ciliary dyskinesia is associated with all except","input":"Choices: ['Sterility in males', 'Hypothyroidism', 'Sinusitis', 'Respiratory infection']","output":"Hypothyroidism"} +{"instruction":"The perineal injury can be prevented in normal labour bya all except","input":"Choices: ['Maintaining flexion of head', 'Timely episotomy as a routine', 'Slow delivery of the head in between contractions', 'Effective perineal guard']","output":"Timely episotomy as a routine"} +{"instruction":"Most common infection occurs in transplant recipients:","input":"Choices: ['Cytomegalo virus', 'Epstein Barr virus', 'Hepatitis virus', 'Polyoma virus']","output":"Cytomegalo virus"} +{"instruction":"Most common malignant orbital tumour in children is","input":"Choices: ['AML', 'ALL', 'Rhabdomyosarcoma', 'Cavernous hemangioma']","output":"Rhabdomyosarcoma"} +{"instruction":"Bacteriostatic anti - TB drug is","input":"Choices: ['Pyrazinamide', 'INH', 'Rifampin', 'Ethambutol']","output":"Ethambutol"} +{"instruction":"Sellick manouever is used lo prevent:","input":"Choices: ['Alveolar collapse', 'Hypertension', 'Aspiration of Gastric content', 'Bradycardia']","output":"Aspiration of Gastric content"} +{"instruction":"Maximum emesis causing anaesthetic –","input":"Choices: ['N2O', 'Diethyl ether', 'Chloroform', 'Thiopental']","output":"Diethyl ether"} +{"instruction":"Early strict toilet training can result in –","input":"Choices: ['Nocturnal enuresis', 'Encopresis', 'Night terror', 'Temper tantrums']","output":"Encopresis"} +{"instruction":"A 6 day old newborn infant develops lectonuria seizures and hypoglycemia. The likely diagnosis is –","input":"Choices: ['Aromatic amino aciduria', 'Phenyl ketonuria', 'Intrauterine infectious', 'Tyrosinemia']","output":"Aromatic amino aciduria"} +{"instruction":"The function of vitamin K is:","input":"Choices: ['Thrombin formation', 'Prothrombin formation', 'Fibrin formation', 'Thromboplastin formation']","output":"Prothrombin formation"} +{"instruction":"Disease seen all over the world:","input":"Choices: ['Endemic', 'Epidemic', 'Pandemic', 'Sporadic']","output":"Pandemic"} +{"instruction":"In renal transplant graft is placed in -","input":"Choices: ['Upper retroperitoneal space', 'Iliac fossa', 'Normal anatomical site of kidney', 'Anywhere']","output":"Iliac fossa"} +{"instruction":"A 43 year old female is diagnosed of having carcinoma of cervix with obstruction of both ureters on imaging studies. What is the treatment of choice in this patient?","input":"Choices: [\"Weheim's hysterectomy\", 'Schauta operation', 'Chemotherapy', 'Intracavitary brachytherapy followed by external beam radiotherapy']","output":"Intracavitary brachytherapy followed by external beam radiotherapy"} +{"instruction":"Spermatocoeles are most commonly found at","input":"Choices: ['The Head of epidydimis', 'Testis', 'Prostate', 'Seminal Vescicles']","output":"The Head of epidydimis"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is not an abdominal laparoscopic technique for tubal ligation?","input":"Choices: ['Pomeroy', 'Parkland', 'Essure', 'Irving']","output":"Essure"} +{"instruction":"Two drugs having opposite action on different receptors is which type of antagonism ?","input":"Choices: ['Physical antagonism', 'Competitive antagonism', 'Non competitive antagonism', 'Physiological antagonism']","output":"Physiological antagonism"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is the best indicator of severity of a short duration acute disease","input":"Choices: ['Cause specific death rate', '5-year survival', 'Case fatality rate', 'Standardized mortality ratio']","output":"Case fatality rate"} +{"instruction":"The efferent limb of the cremaster reflex is provided by","input":"Choices: ['Femoral branch of the genitofemoral', 'Genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve', 'Ilioinguinal nerve', 'Pudendal nerve']","output":"Genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve"} +{"instruction":"Occipitofrontal is muscle is present in which layer of scalp:","input":"Choices: ['Aponeurotic layer', 'Subaponeurotic layer', 'Dense connective tissue layer', 'Loose connective tissue layer']","output":"Aponeurotic layer"} +{"instruction":"A 7 years old child from Bihar is having hypo pigmented anaesthetic patch on his face. What is the most probable diagnosis?","input":"Choices: ['Intermediate leprosy', 'Pityriasis alba', 'Nevus anemicus', 'Nevus achromicus']","output":"Intermediate leprosy"} +{"instruction":"Toxins are implicated as the major pathogenic mechanism in all of the following bacterial diarrheas except -","input":"Choices: ['Vibrio cholerae', 'Shigella sp', 'Vibrio parahemolyticus', 'Staphylococcus aureus']","output":"Vibrio parahemolyticus"} +{"instruction":"Crescent forming Glomerulunephritis is","input":"Choices: ['Acute GN', 'Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis', 'Membranous glomerulonephritis', 'Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis']","output":"Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis"} +{"instruction":"Hangover following alcohol consumption can be treated with ?","input":"Choices: ['Pyridoxine', 'Thiamine', 'Riboflavin', 'Niacin']","output":"Thiamine"} +{"instruction":"In which of the following conditions Parakeratosis most frequently occurs-","input":"Choices: ['Actinic Keratoses', 'Seborrheic Keratoses', 'Molluscum contagiosum', 'Basal cell carcinoma']","output":"Actinic Keratoses"} +{"instruction":"Ectopic ACTH production is seen in-","input":"Choices: ['Small cell carcinoma is lung', 'Anaplastic carcinoma of lung', 'Squamous cell carcinoma of lung', 'Adenocarcinoma of cerebellum']","output":"Small cell carcinoma is lung"} +{"instruction":"All of the following are used in first trimester MTP except?:","input":"Choices: ['Dilatation and evacuation', 'RU486', 'Suction and evacuation', 'Extra aminiotic ethacrydine']","output":"Extra aminiotic ethacrydine"} +{"instruction":"Sphagetti and meat ball appearance is seen in ?","input":"Choices: ['Pityriasis rosacae', 'Tinea capitis', 'Tinea carporis', 'Tinea versicolor']","output":"Tinea versicolor"} +{"instruction":"Complete failure of mullerian duct fusion will result in :","input":"Choices: ['Uterus didephys', 'Arcuate uterus', 'Subseptate uterus', 'Unicornuate uterus']","output":"Uterus didephys"} +{"instruction":"Following is derivative of dental lamina:","input":"Choices: ['Epithelial rests of Malassez', 'Enamel pearls', 'Rests of Serrae', 'All of the above']","output":"Rests of Serrae"} +{"instruction":"The management of fat embolism includes all of the following, EXCEPT:","input":"Choices: ['Oxygen', 'Heparinization', 'Low Molecular weight dextran', 'Pulmonary Embolectomy']","output":"Pulmonary Embolectomy"} +{"instruction":"patient in the emergency department exhibits psychosis. Pharmacological intervention to decrease the psychosis would most likely involve:","input":"Choices: ['Blockade of dopaminergic neurotransmission', 'Stimulation of dopaminergic neurotransmission', 'Blockade of nitrergic neurotransmission', 'Stimulation of nitrergic neurotransmission']","output":"Blockade of dopaminergic neurotransmission"} +{"instruction":"Amount of a drug X administered to a patient is 4.0 g and its plasma concentration is found to be 50 mg\/ml, what will be the volume of distribution of drug X?","input":"Choices: ['100L', '80L', '60L', '50L']","output":"80L"} +{"instruction":"Metabolism of a drug primarily results in:","input":"Choices: ['Activation of the inactive drug', 'Conversion of prodrug to active metabolite', 'Conversion of lipid soluble drugs to water soluble metabolites', 'Conversion of water soluble drug to lipid soluble metabolites']","output":"Conversion of lipid soluble drugs to water soluble metabolites"} +{"instruction":"Myodesis is employed in amputations for all of the following indications except -","input":"Choices: ['Trauma', 'Tumor', 'Children', 'Ischemia']","output":"Ischemia"} +{"instruction":"Technique of Cataract extraction used in care of subluxated lens","input":"Choices: ['Extracapsular Cataract extraction', 'Intracapsular Cataract extraction', 'Placoemusification', 'Small incision Cataract surgery']","output":"Intracapsular Cataract extraction"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is not a front line antihypeensives -","input":"Choices: ['Enalapril', 'Hydrochlohiazide', 'Amlodipine', 'Atenolol']","output":"Atenolol"} +{"instruction":"Lymphatic drainage of the breast is not to:","input":"Choices: ['Internal mammary nodes', 'Supraclavicular nodes', 'Axillary nodes', 'Inguinal nodes']","output":"Inguinal nodes"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is true regarding concentration of proteins in senile cataract?","input":"Choices: ['More insoluble protein, less soluble protein', 'More soluble protein, less insoluble protein', 'Equal concentration of soluble and insoluble protein', 'None of the above']","output":"More insoluble protein, less soluble protein"} +{"instruction":"A 31-year-old female presents to the department of surgery with a complaint of Bell's palsy, which had appeared a year earlier and had resulted in paralysis of muscles of one side of her face. The chief of plastic surgery recommends a nerve graft, taking a cutaneous nerve from the lower limb to replace the defective facial nerve. The surgery is successful. Six months after the procedure, there is restoration of function of previously paralyzed facial muscles. There is an area of skin on the back of the leg laterally and also on the lateral side of the foot that has no sensation. What nerve was used in the grafting procedure?","input":"Choices: ['Superficial fibular (peroneal)', 'Tibial', 'Common fibular (peroneal)', 'Sural']","output":"Sural"} +{"instruction":"A 49-year-old female presents with signs of anemia and states that every morning her urine is dark. Workup reveals that her red blood cells lyse in vitro with acid (positive Ham's test). What is the best diagnosis for this patient?","input":"Choices: ['Warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia', 'Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria', 'Paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria', 'Cold-agglutinin autoimmune hemolytic anemia']","output":"Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria"} +{"instruction":"Extra calories in lactating mothers in first six months -","input":"Choices: ['300', '500', '600', '1000']","output":"600"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following murmurs increase with Valsalva maneuver?","input":"Choices: ['MR', 'VSD', 'AS', 'Hyperophic cardiomyopathy']","output":"Hyperophic cardiomyopathy"} +{"instruction":"Auto antibody in Sjogrens syndrome is?","input":"Choices: ['Anti centromere antibody', 'Anti Ro & anti La', 'Anti ds DNA', 'Anti RNP']","output":"Anti Ro & anti La"} +{"instruction":"The main objective of obturation is:","input":"Choices: ['Fill the canal and prevent apical percolation of fluids', 'Fill the canal and prevent discolouration of teeth', 'Fill the canal to give support to restoration', 'All of the above']","output":"Fill the canal and prevent apical percolation of fluids"} +{"instruction":"Windkessel effect is seen in","input":"Choices: ['Large elastic vessels', 'Capacitance vessels', 'Throughfare channels', 'Capillaries']","output":"Large elastic vessels"} +{"instruction":"Shortest sacrocotyloid diameter causing narrowing of pelvis is a feature of which type of maternal pelvis?","input":"Choices: ['Android', 'Gynaecoid', 'Platypelloid', 'Anthrapoid']","output":"Platypelloid"} +{"instruction":"Disulfiram is useful in: TN 11","input":"Choices: ['Alcohol dependence', 'Heroin dependence', 'Cocaine dependence', 'Cannabis dependence']","output":"Alcohol dependence"} +{"instruction":"In a patient taking oral contraceptive, the chance of pregnancy increases after taking any of the following drugs EXCEPT:","input":"Choices: ['Phenytoin', 'Griseofulvin', 'Ampicillin', 'Cimetidine']","output":"Cimetidine"} +{"instruction":"Most common benign tumor of larynx in a child between 2-5 years is","input":"Choices: ['Chondroma', 'Infantile hemangioma', 'Scleroma', 'Juvenile laryngeal papilloma']","output":"Juvenile laryngeal papilloma"} +{"instruction":"A 40-year-old woman presents with a 2-year history of erythematous papulopustular lesions on the convexities of the face. There is a background of erythema and telangiectasia. The most likely diagnosis in the patient is:","input":"Choices: ['Acne vulgaris', 'Rosacea', 'Systemic lupus erythematosus', 'Polymorphic light eruption']","output":"Rosacea"} +{"instruction":"In 2001 census, which one of the following denominators was used for calculating the literacy rate -","input":"Choices: ['Population 5 years of age and above', 'Population 7 years of age and above', 'Population 10 years of age and above', 'People who can read and write irrespective of age']","output":"Population 7 years of age and above"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following regarding branchial cyst is true?","input":"Choices: ['Seen deep to lower 1\/3rd of sternocleidomastoid', 'Wall consists of lymphoid tissue', 'Filled with keratinized fluid', 'Presents at birth']","output":"Wall consists of lymphoid tissue"} +{"instruction":"A woman consumes several tabs of Amitryptilline (case of amitryptiline poisoning). All of the following can be done exceptaEUR'","input":"Choices: ['Sodium bicarbonate infusion', 'Gastric lavage', 'Diazepam for seizure control', 'Atropine as antidote']","output":"Atropine as antidote"} +{"instruction":"A patient undergoes thyroid surgery, following which he develops perioral tingling. Blood Ca is 8.9 meq; Next step is:","input":"Choices: ['Vit D Orally', 'Oral Ca and vitD', 'Intravenous calcium gluconate and serial monitoring', 'Wait for Ca to decrease to < 7.0 before taking fuher action']","output":"Intravenous calcium gluconate and serial monitoring"} +{"instruction":"Treatment regime for granuloma inguinale includes all of following drugs except","input":"Choices: ['Azithromycin', 'Erythromycin', 'Metronidazole', 'Ciprofloxacin']","output":"Metronidazole"} +{"instruction":"A man when touches a hot object, the sensation of heat is not perceived. Signal reaches the thalamus but is not transmitted to postcentral gyrus. Which of the following is responsible for this?","input":"Choices: ['Second order neuron', 'First order neuron', 'Third order neuron', 'Receptor']","output":"Third order neuron"} +{"instruction":"CD-99 is the marker for:","input":"Choices: [\"Ewing's sarcoma\", 'SLL', 'Dermatofibroma protruberans', 'Malignant histiocytic fibroma']","output":"Ewing's sarcoma"} +{"instruction":"Average fatal dose of croton oil seed is :","input":"Choices: ['500 drops', 'Hand ful of seeds', 'About 4 to 5 drops', '20 drops']","output":"20 drops"} +{"instruction":"Resonance of tympanic membrane -","input":"Choices: ['800', '800-1600', '3000K', 'None']","output":"800-1600"} +{"instruction":"An 8 year old child presented with signs of increased intracranial tension. Imaging studies showed a growth in the brain. Which is the commonest tumor in a child in the posterior fossa of head?","input":"Choices: ['Astrocytoma', 'Medulloblastoma', 'Craniopharyngioma', 'Meningioma']","output":"Medulloblastoma"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following tumor has increased activity of C-KIT?","input":"Choices: ['Granulosa cell tumor', 'Embryonal carcinoma', 'Seminoma', 'Chriocarcinoma']","output":"Seminoma"} +{"instruction":"If the percentage of thymine residues in DNA is 28%. What is the percentage of cytosine?","input":"Choices: ['28%', '44%', '36%', '22%']","output":"22%"} +{"instruction":"In Henoch–Schonlein purpura renal involvement is not seen generally if no involvement till ?","input":"Choices: ['1 month after onset', '2 month after onset', '3 month after onset', '4 month after onset']","output":"4 month after onset"} +{"instruction":"Choristoma is","input":"Choices: ['Dilated vascular malformation', 'Malignant stroma of stem cells', 'Normal tissue at abnormal site', 'Benign tumour in which normal elements become abnormally overgrown']","output":"Normal tissue at abnormal site"} +{"instruction":"A baby boy is brought to the hospital because of convulsion. In the course of work up his body temperature & plasma glucose are normal but his CSF glucose is 12 mg\/ dl. A possible explanation is","input":"Choices: ['SGLT 1 deficiency in astrocytes', 'GLUT 5 deficiency in cerebral capillaries', 'GLUT-1 55 K deficiency in capillaries', 'GLUT-1 45 K deficiency in microglia']","output":"GLUT-1 55 K deficiency in capillaries"} +{"instruction":"A male 35 years old presents to the dental clinic with pain in lower back tooth region. Intraoral examination reveals carious #36. Root canal treatment done and metal ceramic crown has to be placed. Dentist makes an impression with condensation silicone. The material used has the mean working time and the mean setting time respectively at 37 degree Celsius (in minutes):","input":"Choices: ['2.5; 8.9', '1.8; 5.9', '1.8; 8.9', '2.5; 5.9']","output":"2.5; 8.9"} +{"instruction":"A 6 month child with cough is having respiratory rate of 50\/ min. This indicates: March 2012","input":"Choices: ['No pneumonia', 'Pneumonia', 'Severe pneumonia', 'Very severe pneumonia']","output":"Pneumonia"} +{"instruction":"All are elevators of larynx except:","input":"Choices: ['Thyrohyoid', 'Digastric', 'Stylohyoid', 'Sternohyoid']","output":"Sternohyoid"} +{"instruction":"Catgut is commercially made from the intestine of the following animal:","input":"Choices: ['Cat', 'Pig', 'Sheep', 'All of the above']","output":"Sheep"} +{"instruction":"A 65-year-old man undergoes a technically difficult abdominoperineal resection for a rectal cancer during which he receives three units of packed red blood cells. Four hours later in the intensive care unit he is bleeding heavily from his perineal wound. Emergency coagulation studies reveal normal prothrombin, partial thromboplastin, and bleeding times. The fibrin degradation products are not elevated but the serum fibrinogen content is depressed and the platelet count is 70,000\/mL. The most likely cause of the bleeding is","input":"Choices: ['Delayed blood transfusion reaction', 'Autoimmune fibrinolysis', 'A bleeding blood vessel in the surgical field', 'Factor VIII deficiency']","output":"A bleeding blood vessel in the surgical field"} +{"instruction":"Triple bonds are found between which base pairs:","input":"Choices: ['A-T', 'C-G', 'A-G', 'C-T']","output":"C-G"} +{"instruction":"Illusion is a disorder of-","input":"Choices: ['Thought', 'Perception', 'Memory', 'Intelligence']","output":"Perception"} +{"instruction":"Features of cafe au lait spots are all Except","input":"Choices: ['Larger', 'Arise independent of sun exposure', 'Contain aggregates of melanosomes', 'Most common pigmented lesion']","output":"Most common pigmented lesion"} +{"instruction":"A 40 year old man has chronic cough with fever for several months. The chest radiograph reveals a diffuse reticulondular pattern. Microscopically on transbronchial biopsy there are focal areas of inflammation containing epitheloid cell granuloma, Langhans giant cells, and lymphocytes. These findings are typical for which of the following type of hypersensitivity immunologic responses ?","input":"Choices: ['Type I', 'Type II', 'Type III', 'Type IV']","output":"Type IV"} +{"instruction":"In a patient with myocardial infarction the valvular lesion commonly seen is:","input":"Choices: ['Aoic stenosis', 'Mitral regurgitation', 'Aoic regurgitation', 'Septal defect']","output":"Mitral regurgitation"} +{"instruction":"Fetal ovary can produce estrogen by:","input":"Choices: ['6 weeks', '8 weeks', '10 weeks', '12 weeks']","output":"8 weeks"} +{"instruction":"A lady presents with three day history of epigastric pain radiating to back serum amylase levels were observed to be normal while USG abdomen reveals gallbladder stones and an enlarged pancreas. CT scan was done which clinched the diagnosis. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis","input":"Choices: ['Acute cholecystitis', 'Acute pancreatitis', 'Acute appendicitis', 'Acute peritonitis']","output":"Acute pancreatitis"} +{"instruction":"Safe disposal of mercury is –","input":"Choices: ['Collect carefully and recycle', 'Controlled combustion', 'Treatment with chemicals', 'Deep burial']","output":"Collect carefully and recycle"} +{"instruction":"Extrinsic pathway of clotting factors is measured by?","input":"Choices: ['Prothrombin time', 'Activated partial thromboplastin time', 'Bleeding time', 'Clotting time']","output":"Prothrombin time"} +{"instruction":"In carcinoma head of pancreas nausea and vomiting is due to","input":"Choices: ['External compression of duodenum', 'Poal vein infiltration', 'Proliferation and infiltration into duodenum', 'Chemotherapy related']","output":"External compression of duodenum"} +{"instruction":"Primary amenorrhea, absent uterus, normal pubic hair. Diagnosisis -","input":"Choices: ['Mullerian agenesis', 'Testicular feminization syndrome', 'WNT 4 syndrome', 'Hand foot genital syndrome']","output":"Mullerian agenesis"} +{"instruction":"Hepatitis with cholestatic jaundice occurs most frequently as an adverse reaction to the following preparation of erythromycin:","input":"Choices: ['Erythromycin base', 'Erythromycin stearate', 'Erythromycin estolate', 'Erythromycin ethyl succinate']","output":"Erythromycin estolate"} +{"instruction":"All are features of chronic arsenic poisoning except","input":"Choices: ['Aldrich Mees lines', 'Raindrop pigmentation', 'Buonian lines', 'Black foot disease']","output":"Buonian lines"} +{"instruction":"Clinical finding in AV fistula is one of the following","input":"Choices: ['Pericarditis', 'Sinus tachycardia', 'Cardiac arrhythmia', 'Hypothermia']","output":"Sinus tachycardia"} +{"instruction":"Wire loop lesions are often characteristics for the following class of lupus nephritis","input":"Choices: ['Mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis(wHO class2)', 'Focal proliferative glomerulonephritis (WHO class3)', 'Diffused proliferative glomerulonephritis (WHO class4)', 'Membranous glomerulonephritis (WHO class5)']","output":"Diffused proliferative glomerulonephritis (WHO class4)"} +{"instruction":"Polishing agent for amalgam","input":"Choices: ['Tin oxide', 'Iron oxide', 'Alumina', 'Silica']","output":"Tin oxide"} +{"instruction":"A 1-year old child presented with myoclonic jerks. The EEG done shows?","input":"Choices: ['Normal record', 'Hypsarrhythmia', 'Periodic spike-wave pattern', 'Burst suppression pattern']","output":"Hypsarrhythmia"} +{"instruction":"Which mutation is seen in Down’s syndrome -","input":"Choices: ['Monosomy X', 'Trisomy 21', 'Trisomy 22', 'Trisomy 22']","output":"Trisomy 21"} +{"instruction":"The procedure shown below is","input":"Choices: ['Radical trachelectomy', 'Partial hysterectomy', 'Large loop excision of transformation zone', 'Dilatation and curettage']","output":"Large loop excision of transformation zone"} +{"instruction":"Mastoid tip is involved in","input":"Choices: ['Bezold abscess', 'Luc abscess', 'Citelli abscess', 'Parapharyngeal abscess']","output":"Bezold abscess"} +{"instruction":"The weight of the child at 3 years is usually ___ times the bih weight?","input":"Choices: ['3', '4', '5', '7']","output":"5"} +{"instruction":"Preload measures?","input":"Choices: ['End systolic volume', 'End diastolic volume', 'Peripheral resistance', 'Stroke volume']","output":"End diastolic volume"} +{"instruction":"A 45-year-old male alcoholic with a history of poal hypeension presents with vomiting of blood (hematemesis) and hypotension. He denies any history of vomiting nonblood material or retching prior to vomiting blood. During workup he dies suddenly. Based on his history and physical findings, histologic sections from his esophagus would most likely reveal","input":"Choices: ['Columnar epithelium in the distal esophagus', 'Decreased ganglion cells in the myenteric plexus', 'Dilated blood vessels in the submucosa', 'Mucosal outpouchings (diveicula) in the distal esophagus']","output":"Dilated blood vessels in the submucosa"} +{"instruction":"The earliest clinical feature of diabetic nephropathy is:","input":"Choices: ['Microalbuminuria', 'Increased serum creatinine', 'Nephritic syndrome', 'Hematuria']","output":"Microalbuminuria"} +{"instruction":"Bacteremia is:","input":"Choices: ['Common after anastomotic breakdown', 'Dangerous if the patient has a prosthesis, which can become infected', 'May be associated with systemic organ failure', 'All of the above']","output":"All of the above"} +{"instruction":"A 40 yr old patient with a single kidney presents with a solitary exophytic mass of 4 cm localized at its lower pole. Which amongst the following is the best recommended management option:","input":"Choices: ['Radical nephrectomy', 'Radical nephrectomy with dialysis', 'Radical nephrectomy with renal transplantation', 'Paial nephrectomy']","output":"Paial nephrectomy"} +{"instruction":"Intelligence quotient is calculated as:","input":"Choices: ['Mental age\/Chronological age x100', 'Chronological age\/Mental Age x100', 'Mental age x Chronological age', 'Mental age + chronological age\/2']","output":"Mental age\/Chronological age x100"} +{"instruction":"A 35 years old lactating mother presented with a painful breast lump. The most appropriate initial investigation should be: (AIIMS November 2013, Nov 2012)","input":"Choices: ['Mammography', 'USG', 'MRI', 'CT']","output":"USG"} +{"instruction":"True about reactionary hemorrhage following surgery: UP 10","input":"Choices: ['Hemorrhage occurring within 48 h', 'Hemorrhage occurring within 36 h', 'Hemorrhage occurring within 24 h', 'Hemorrhage occurring during surgery']","output":"Hemorrhage occurring within 24 h"} +{"instruction":"Most common cause of death in chronic dialysis patient is:","input":"Choices: ['Cardiovascular Disease', 'Infection', 'Malignancy', 'Anemia']","output":"Cardiovascular Disease"} +{"instruction":"Punishment for the offence of rape under","input":"Choices: ['375 IPC', '376 IPC', '377 IPC', '378 IPC']","output":"376 IPC"} +{"instruction":"All the following Is found in Sjogren syndrome except-","input":"Choices: ['Lymphoma', 'Connective tissue disorder', 'Xerostomia', 'Xerophthalmia']","output":"Xerophthalmia"} +{"instruction":"The marked structure is","input":"Choices: ['Rough ER', 'Smooth ER', 'Mitochondria', 'Golgi apparatus']","output":"Rough ER"} +{"instruction":"McNaughten's rule relates to?","input":"Choices: ['Inquest', 'Professional secrecy', 'Criminal responsibility of insane', 'Medical negligence']","output":"Criminal responsibility of insane"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following statements regarding acarbose is FALSE","input":"Choices: ['It acts by inhibiting the enzyme alpha -glucosidase', 'It reduces post prandial hyperglycemia', 'It decreases the progression of impaired tolerance to ove diabetes mellitus', 'It can cause hypoglycemia']","output":"It can cause hypoglycemia"} +{"instruction":"Stage in which disease is easily recognized and high titre of antibodies are found:","input":"Choices: ['Prodromal stage.', 'Fastigium', 'Defervescence stage', 'Convalescence']","output":"Fastigium"} +{"instruction":"Disruption of the hypothalamic pituitary poal system will lead to","input":"Choices: ['High circulating levels of PRL, low levels of LH and FSH, and ovarian atrophy', 'Enhanced follicular development as a result of increased circulating levels of PRL', 'Ovulation, followed by increased circulating levels of progesterone', 'A reduction of ovarian inhibin levels, followed by increased circulating FSH']","output":"High circulating levels of PRL, low levels of LH and FSH, and ovarian atrophy"} +{"instruction":"Impoant point of refraction in eye is?","input":"Choices: ['Aqueous humor', 'Inner surface of lens', 'Outer surface of le', 'Anterior surface fo cornea']","output":"Anterior surface fo cornea"} +{"instruction":"All of the following cause high anion gap metabolic acidosis EXCEPT: March 2013 (d, f)","input":"Choices: ['Lactic acidosis', 'Salicylates poisoning', 'Ethylene glycol poisoning', 'Ureterosigmoidostomy']","output":"Ureterosigmoidostomy"} +{"instruction":"Choose the most effective mechanical device for cleaning interdental surface of teeth","input":"Choices: ['Conventional tooth brush', 'Powered tooth brush', 'Triangular tooth picks (TTP)', 'Interdental brush']","output":"Interdental brush"} +{"instruction":"Which intravenous anaesthetic agent has high incidence of pychomimetic reactions during early recovery period-","input":"Choices: ['Ketamine', 'Thiopentone', 'Propofol', 'Etomidate']","output":"Ketamine"} +{"instruction":"According to Stanford-Binet test, non trainable type of\nmental retardation has an IQ of:","input":"Choices: ['Below 20', 'Between 36-51', 'Above 51', 'Between 90 - 130']","output":"Below 20"} +{"instruction":"Which is not a pathologic feature of H. pylori chronic gastritis -","input":"Choices: ['Eosinophilic infiltrates', 'Intraepithelial neutrophil deposits', 'Affects intestinal gland formation in stomach', 'Subepithelial plasma cell deposits']","output":"Eosinophilic infiltrates"} +{"instruction":"Important components of collagen synthesis, wound strength and contraction include all of the following EXCEPT","input":"Choices: ['Fibroblasts', 'Myofibroblasts', 'Vitamin C', 'Vitamin D']","output":"Vitamin D"} +{"instruction":"A 40-year-old man with Alport syndrome presents with a 3-month history of headaches. His blood pressure is 165\/100 mm Hg. A urinalysis shows 3+ proteinuria and 2+ hematuria. Laboratory studies disclose elevated levels of BUN (48 mg\/dL) and creatinine (3.6 mg\/dL). This patient's renal disease is caused by mutation in a gene that encodes which of the following extracellular matrix proteins?","input":"Choices: ['Collagen', 'Entactin', 'Fibrillin', 'Fibronectin']","output":"Collagen"} +{"instruction":"Deficiency of folic acid leads to","input":"Choices: ['Pernicious anemia', 'Megaloblastic anemia', 'Iron deficiency anemia', 'Thalassemia']","output":"Megaloblastic anemia"} +{"instruction":"The commonest extradural spinal tumour is -","input":"Choices: ['Neurofibroma', 'Glioma', 'Meningioma', 'Metastasis']","output":"Metastasis"} +{"instruction":"In basal body temperature method, after the rise of temperature, the unsafe period lasts for :-","input":"Choices: ['24 hours', '48 hours', '72 hours', '120 hours']","output":"72 hours"} +{"instruction":"What is most common cause of death in amyloidosis?","input":"Choices: ['Cardiac failure', 'Renal failure', 'Sepsis', 'None']","output":"Cardiac failure"} +{"instruction":"Following are the drugs used in alcohol dependence to prevent relapse except -","input":"Choices: ['Fluoxetine', 'Nalmefene', 'Acamprosate', 'Topiramate']","output":"Fluoxetine"} +{"instruction":"Hybrid layer was given by","input":"Choices: ['Nakabyashi', 'Bunocore', 'Burnam', 'Kim et al']","output":"Nakabyashi"} +{"instruction":"The presence of Heinz bodies in erythrocytes indicates:","input":"Choices: ['Malarial infection', 'Hemoglobin abnormalities', 'Oxidative stress', 'Degraded bacterial forms']","output":"Oxidative stress"} +{"instruction":"A 22-year old software engineer was brought in an unconscious state to the casualty. Clinical examination revealed features suggestive of shock, DIC and multisystem failure. CSF and petechial rashes yielded gram-negative diplococci, which subsequently grew on modified Thayer-Main medium. This isolation is known to be associated with","input":"Choices: ['Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome', 'Fitz-Hugh-Cuis syndrome', \"Job's syndrome\", 'Toxic shock syndrome']","output":"Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome"} +{"instruction":"All the following are signs of right-sided congestive cardiac failure except","input":"Choices: ['Hepatomegaly', 'Jugular venous engorgement', 'Pedal edema', 'Cough']","output":"Cough"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following dietary supplements is recommended for a pregnant lady on Heparin?","input":"Choices: ['Folic acid', 'Calcium', 'Zinc', 'Copper']","output":"Calcium"} +{"instruction":"Northern blot is used to detect -","input":"Choices: ['Protein', 'Immunoglobulin', 'RNA', 'DNA']","output":"RNA"} +{"instruction":"A 3-year-old child comes with hydrocele of the hernia sac. Management will include:","input":"Choices: ['Herniotomy', 'Herniorrhaphy', 'Observation only', 'Operate after 5 years of age']","output":"Herniotomy"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following describes sonological findings of Placenta accreta?","input":"Choices: ['Ring of fire appearance', 'Large intraplacental lacunae', 'Thickening of retroplacental myometrium with retroplacental clots', 'None of the above']","output":"Large intraplacental lacunae"} +{"instruction":"A patients plasma has high levels of interferon beta. He most likely has an infection due to","input":"Choices: ['Bacteria', 'Virus', 'Fungi', 'Mycoplasma']","output":"Virus"} +{"instruction":"Maximum predisposition to tuberculosis is seen in a which pneumoconiosis -","input":"Choices: ['Silicosis', 'Anthracosis', 'Byssinosis', 'Bagassosis']","output":"Silicosis"} +{"instruction":"A commonest psychological feature of AIDS -","input":"Choices: ['Depression', 'Mania', 'Suicidal tendency', 'None']","output":"Depression"} +{"instruction":"Paranasal sinuses are lined by____ epithelium:","input":"Choices: ['Ciliated columnar', 'Columnar', 'Cuboidal', 'Squamous']","output":"Ciliated columnar"} +{"instruction":"GABA is produced from:","input":"Choices: ['Alanine', 'Glycine', 'Glutamate', 'Glutamine']","output":"Glutamate"} +{"instruction":"A 58-year-old woman presents with difficulty in swallowing. A thorough workup by a gastroenterologist fails to reveal any primary esophageal disease. The woman is referred to an endocrinologist for evaluation of her thyroid. The endocrinologist suspects Riedel thyroiditis. Which of the following findings on physical examination would best help confirm the diagnosis?","input":"Choices: ['Eyeball protrusion', 'Massive soft thyroid gland', 'Painful and tender thyroid gland', 'Very firm thyroid gland']","output":"Very firm thyroid gland"} +{"instruction":"Commonest cause for acute otitis media in children is","input":"Choices: ['H influenza', 'S pneumonia', 'S aureus', 'Pseudomonas']","output":"S pneumonia"} +{"instruction":"Tumour invodes corpus spongiosum with or without urethral invasion, belong to which stage of carcinoma penis?","input":"Choices: ['T1', 'T2', 'T3', 'T4']","output":"T2"} +{"instruction":"A 35 yr old man from Shimoga, Karnataka presents with sudden onset of fever, headache, and myalgia. He also has conjunctivitis and skin bleeds. He recently went to a forest in Shimoga that has a huge population of monkeys. Which of these is the vector for the suspected disease?","input":"Choices: ['Ticks', 'Mosquito', 'Fleas', 'Mite']","output":"Ticks"} +{"instruction":"Dimercaprol is\/are used in poisoning with:","input":"Choices: ['Pb', 'Hg', 'As', 'All']","output":"All"} +{"instruction":"Trickling filter is used in –","input":"Choices: ['Primary treatment of sewage', 'Scondary treatment of sewage', 'Oxygen ponds', 'Sewage farming']","output":"Scondary treatment of sewage"} +{"instruction":"A patient is brought with 6 months history of odd behavior. There is history of a family member having disappeared some years back. He seems to be talking to himself and sometimes laughing loudly. The likely diagnosis is:-","input":"Choices: ['Schizophrenia', 'Conversion disorder', 'Major depression', 'Delusional disorder']","output":"Schizophrenia"} +{"instruction":"A child with schizophrenia was on medications. Suddenly he developed neck stiffness and spasm. Best treatment of such a case is?","input":"Choices: ['Benzatropine', 'Lorazepam', 'Diphenhydramine', 'Propranolol']","output":"Benzatropine"} +{"instruction":"Bullet wounds near major blood vessels should be explored only if -","input":"Choices: ['The extremity is cold', 'The fingers or toes are paralysed', 'The pulse is weakened', 'There in no pulse']","output":"The pulse is weakened"} +{"instruction":"Bansdola is a form of strangulation by ?","input":"Choices: ['Ligature', 'Hands', 'Sticks', 'Bend of elbow']","output":"Sticks"} +{"instruction":"A 30 year old female who had undergone a sugery under spinal anaesthesia has developed post spinal headache. How long does it take for the headache to subside?","input":"Choices: ['Lasts up to 10 minutes', 'Last up to 4 days', 'Last up to 2 weeks', 'Last up to 2 months']","output":"Last up to 2 weeks"} +{"instruction":"When the cause of death is not clear even after entire examination on autopsy, what it is called?","input":"Choices: ['Defective autopsy', 'Normal autopsy', 'Obscure autopsy', 'Negative autopsy']","output":"Negative autopsy"} +{"instruction":"Ponderal's index for \"small for gestational age\" child: March 2013","input":"Choices: ['Less than 1', 'Less than 2', 'Less than 3', 'Less than 4']","output":"Less than 2"} +{"instruction":"A child speaks sentences at the age of ?","input":"Choices: ['6 months', '1 year', '18 months', '2 years']","output":"2 years"} +{"instruction":"The main components of the respiratory control pattern generator is responsible for automatic respiration. Pacemaker of respiration is:","input":"Choices: ['J-center', 'DRG', 'Pneumotaxic centre', 'Pre-BOTC']","output":"Pre-BOTC"} +{"instruction":"An infant is found to have clitoral enlargement and some degree of labial fusion. What is the first step in arriving at a diagnosis?","input":"Choices: ['Perform a karyotype', 'Perform an ultrasound scan', 'Perform blood 17-hydroxy progesterone levels', 'Perform serum testosterone levels']","output":"Perform a karyotype"} +{"instruction":"Astasia-Abasia is seen in","input":"Choices: [\"Alzeihmer's disease\", 'Parkinsonism', 'Hysterical conversion disorder', 'Schizophrenia']","output":"Hysterical conversion disorder"} +{"instruction":"Site of glomus jugulare?","input":"Choices: ['Epitympanum', 'Hypotympanum', 'Mesotympanum', 'Internal ear']","output":"Hypotympanum"} +{"instruction":"Precocious puberty may be seen in all of the following conditions except.","input":"Choices: ['Granulosa - cell tumour', 'Head - injury', 'Corticosteroid intake', 'Hyperthyroidism']","output":"Hyperthyroidism"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following neoplasms is primary in the adrenal medulla:","input":"Choices: ['Pheochromocytoma', 'Eosinophilic adenoma', 'Arrthenoblastoma', 'None of the above']","output":"Pheochromocytoma"} +{"instruction":"A bacterial disease that has been associated with the 3 \"R\" s ie Rats , rice fields and rainfall is","input":"Choices: ['Plague', 'Melioidosis', 'Rodent bite fever', 'Leptospirosis']","output":"Leptospirosis"} +{"instruction":"According to the WHO, what is the minimum bacteriological standard for drinking water","input":"Choices: ['All the samples should not contain coliform organisms', '3 consecutive samples of water should not contain any coliforms', '3 coliforms in a 100 ml water', '1 coliform in a 100 ml water']","output":"All the samples should not contain coliform organisms"} +{"instruction":"A 36-year-old male comes with a 2-day history of chest pain. The pain has been continuous and does not change with activity. Vital signs show normal BP, mild tachycardia and tachypnea, and an oxygen saturation of 90% on room air. Cardiopulmonary exam is normal. An ECG shows a rate of 106 beats\/min, left axis detion, left ventricular hyperophy, PR depression, and T wave inversions in V2 to V5. Troponin and CPK-MB are minimally elevated. What is the most likely diagnosis.","input":"Choices: ['Pulmonary embolism', 'Costochondritis', 'Pericarditis', 'Unstable angina']","output":"Pericarditis"} +{"instruction":"Not a true statement regarding 3rd cranial nerve:","input":"Choices: ['Palsy may lead to ptosis', 'Nucleus in lower mid brain', 'Uncontrolled BP is a common cause', 'Supplies medial rectus']","output":"Nucleus in lower mid brain"} +{"instruction":"Given three general of mosquitoes (Culex, Anopheles, and Aedes) act as vectors for which of the following diseases world wide -","input":"Choices: ['Malaria', 'Dengue', 'Filariasis', 'Yellow Fever']","output":"Filariasis"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following has a polygenic pattern of inheritance?","input":"Choices: ['Diabetes mellitus', 'Familial hypercholesterolemia', 'G6PD', 'Resistant rickets']","output":"Diabetes mellitus"} +{"instruction":"E-CADHARIN mutation is seen inwhich type in the classification of gastric carcinoma ?","input":"Choices: ['borrmann -ulcerative type', 'laurens diffuse type', 'borrmann ulceroproliferative type', 'intestinal type']","output":"laurens diffuse type"} +{"instruction":"Tuberculin test is -","input":"Choices: ['Subcutaneous', 'Intradermal', 'Intramuscular', 'Subdermal']","output":"Intradermal"} +{"instruction":"Most common area of pressure sore is","input":"Choices: ['Ischium', 'Greater trochanter', 'Sacrum', 'Heel']","output":"Ischium"} +{"instruction":"Inclusions in oligodendrogliocytes is a feature of:","input":"Choices: ['Polio', 'Multiple sclerosis', 'HSV', 'Progressive multiple encephalopathy']","output":"Progressive multiple encephalopathy"} +{"instruction":"Most common site of brain metastasis is -","input":"Choices: ['Cerebrum', 'Cerebellum', 'Medulla oblongata', 'Pons']","output":"Cerebrum"} +{"instruction":"A Child with kidney transplant developed lymphoproliferative cancer. The most common virus implicated is:","input":"Choices: ['CMV', 'Varicella', 'HPV', 'EBV']","output":"EBV"} +{"instruction":"Which muscle of larynx is not supplied by recurrent laryngeal nerve-","input":"Choices: ['Vocalis', 'Thyroarytenoid', 'Cricothyroid', 'Interarytenoid']","output":"Cricothyroid"} +{"instruction":"Globi in leprosy consist of ?","input":"Choices: ['AFB + macrophages', 'neutrophils + AFB', 'Platelet plug', 'None of the above']","output":"AFB + macrophages"} +{"instruction":"Target group forpulse polio immunization -","input":"Choices: ['> 3 years', '< 5 years', '< 10 years', '< 15 years']","output":"< 5 years"} +{"instruction":"In carcinoma base of tongue pain is referred to the ear through:","input":"Choices: ['Hypoglossal nerve', 'Vagus nerve', 'Glossopharyngeal nerve', 'Lingual nerve']","output":"Glossopharyngeal nerve"} +{"instruction":"CD marker specific for myeloid series aEUR'","input":"Choices: ['CD34', 'CD45', 'CD99', 'CD117']","output":"CD117"} +{"instruction":"Rickets in infancy is characterised by the following except :","input":"Choices: ['Craniotabes', 'Rachitic rosary', 'Wide open fontanelles', 'Bow legs']","output":"Bow legs"} +{"instruction":"A patient underwent breast conservation surgery for 3 cm lesion along with sentinel lymph node biopsy., which showed one-third of sentinel lymph nodes are positive for macrometastasis. Next step is","input":"Choices: ['Completion axillary lymph node dissection chemotherapy and radiotherapy', 'MRM with level I lymphadenectomy', 'MRM with level III lymphadenectomy', 'Only chemotherapy and radiotherapy']","output":"Completion axillary lymph node dissection chemotherapy and radiotherapy"} +{"instruction":"Schistocyte is\/are found in -","input":"Choices: ['TTP', 'DIC', 'both option 1 and option 2', 'March hemoglobinuria']","output":"both option 1 and option 2"} +{"instruction":"In JVP, a wave is due to?","input":"Choices: ['Atrial filling', 'Atrial relaxation', 'Atrial contraction', 'Ventricular relaxation']","output":"Atrial contraction"} +{"instruction":"Vesicoureteric reflux is commonly diagnosed by ________","input":"Choices: ['Micturating cystography', 'Radioisotope renography', 'IVU', 'CT scan']","output":"Micturating cystography"} +{"instruction":"Best X-ray view taken to visualize Maxillary sinus-","input":"Choices: [\"Water's view\", \"Caldwell's view\", 'Lateral view', 'Occlusive anterior view']","output":"Water's view"} +{"instruction":"DOC for \"rapid cyclers\" type of bipolar disorder is-","input":"Choices: ['Carbamazepine', 'Valproate', 'Phenytoin', 'Lithium']","output":"Valproate"} +{"instruction":"CSF production per minute","input":"Choices: ['0.30 - 0.35 ml\/min', '0.5 ml\/min', '2 ml\/min', '1ml\/min']","output":"0.30 - 0.35 ml\/min"} +{"instruction":"Microorganism motile at 25 degree Celsius but non-motile at 37 degree Celsius and shows actin binding polymerization to escape is:","input":"Choices: ['Listeria monocytogenes', 'Campylobacter', 'Yersinia pestis', 'Streptococcus agalactiae']","output":"Listeria monocytogenes"} +{"instruction":"Raynaud's phenomenon is seen in -a) SLEb) Systemic sclerosisc) DMd) Hypertension","input":"Choices: ['ac', 'a', 'ad', 'ab']","output":"ab"} +{"instruction":"42 yrs old man presented with dizziness on standing, SBP falls by 50 mm Hg and HR is 52\/min likely cause is -","input":"Choices: ['CHF', 'Inferior wall MI', 'Pheochromocytoma', 'Theophylline toxicity']","output":"Inferior wall MI"} +{"instruction":"Features of hypovolemic shock are all except -","input":"Choices: ['Oliguria', 'Bradycardia', 'Low B.P', 'Acidosis']","output":"Bradycardia"} +{"instruction":"The most impoant mechanism by which gram negative bacilli acquire chloramphenicol resistance is:","input":"Choices: ['Decreased permeability into the bacterial cell', 'Acquisition of a plasmid encoded for chloramphenicol acetyl transferase', 'Lowered affinity of the bacterial ribosome for chloramphenicol', 'Switching over from ribosomal to mitochondrial protein synthesis']","output":"Acquisition of a plasmid encoded for chloramphenicol acetyl transferase"} +{"instruction":"In testicular feminisation syndrome:a) Buccal smear is chromatin positiveb) Normal breast size is observedc) Menstruation is scanty and infrequent d) Familial incidence is recognised","input":"Choices: ['c', 'bd', 'ab', 'ac']","output":"bd"} +{"instruction":"Hemiplegia is most often caused by thrombosis of ?","input":"Choices: ['Anteiror cerebral aery', 'Middle cerebral aery', 'Posterior cerebral aery', 'Basiliar aery']","output":"Middle cerebral aery"} +{"instruction":"Status epilepticus Drug of choice is","input":"Choices: ['Benzodiazepine', 'Valproate', 'Barbiturate', 'Ethosuximide']","output":"Benzodiazepine"} +{"instruction":"Which among the following is the most common cause of acute infective endocarditis?","input":"Choices: ['Staphylococcus aureus', 'Streptococcus viridans', 'Streptococcus intermedius', 'Candida albicans']","output":"Staphylococcus aureus"} +{"instruction":"Peritonsillar abscess is caused most commonly by ?","input":"Choices: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae', 'Staphylococcus aureus', 'Beta hemolytic streptococcus', 'H. influenzae']","output":"Beta hemolytic streptococcus"} +{"instruction":"Canon 'a' waves in JVP represents: March 2007","input":"Choices: ['Complete hea block', '1st degree A-V block', 'Sinus bradycardia', 'Tachycardia']","output":"Complete hea block"} +{"instruction":"Eednaton agent is:","input":"Choices: ['Corynebacterium', 'Pseudomonas', 'Mycoplasma', 'Gonococcus']","output":"Mycoplasma"} +{"instruction":"Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency is seen in:","input":"Choices: ['Shwachman-Diamond syndrome', 'Diamond-Blackfan syndrome', 'Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome', 'Seckel syndrome']","output":"Shwachman-Diamond syndrome"} +{"instruction":"The most common cause of secondary hypertension in children is –","input":"Choices: ['Renal artery stenosis', 'Renal disease', 'Systemic Vasculitis', 'Adrenal Tumours']","output":"Renal disease"} +{"instruction":"Calcium channel blockers are used for all except","input":"Choices: ['Angina', 'Supraventricular Arrythymia', 'Sick sinus syndrome', 'Hypeension']","output":"Sick sinus syndrome"} +{"instruction":"Clavipectoral fascia is not pierced by:","input":"Choices: ['Medial pectoral nerve', 'Lateral pectoral nerve', 'Cephalic vein', 'Thoracoacromian aery']","output":"Medial pectoral nerve"} +{"instruction":"Polycystic disease of the kidney may have cysts in all the following organs except -","input":"Choices: ['Lung', 'Liver', 'Pancreas', 'Spleen']","output":"Lung"} +{"instruction":"All of the following are true about the stationary phase used in high-pressure liquid chromatography, EXCEPT","input":"Choices: ['Made up of fine paicles', 'Provides high resistance', 'Provides more surface area', 'Provides low resolution']","output":"Provides low resolution"} +{"instruction":"Champagne bubble test is used for","input":"Choices: ['NaOCl', 'Chlorhexidine', 'EDTA', 'None of the above']","output":"NaOCl"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is true about ulcerative colitis?","input":"Choices: ['Premalignant condition', 'Cobblestone mucosa is characteristic', 'Pseudo polyps are only seen in ulcerative colitis', 'Rarely affects rectum']","output":"Premalignant condition"} +{"instruction":"Atopy is mediated by -","input":"Choices: ['IgE', 'IgD', 'IgM', 'IgA']","output":"IgE"} +{"instruction":"Which among the following is the first change in a dead body during decomposition?","input":"Choices: ['Mummification', 'Greenish discolouration of RIF', 'Putrefaction', 'Maggot formation']","output":"Greenish discolouration of RIF"} +{"instruction":"Which is the most frequently used gas for laproscopy?","input":"Choices: ['Carbon Dioxide', 'Helium', 'Nitrogen', 'Oxygen']","output":"Carbon Dioxide"} +{"instruction":"The most common site of rupture of Abdominal Aortic-Aneurysm is","input":"Choices: ['Laterally into the Left Retroperitoneum', 'Laterally into the Right Retroperitoneum', 'Posteriorly into the Posterior Retroperitoneum', 'Anteriorly into the Peritoneum (Intraperitonial)']","output":"Laterally into the Left Retroperitoneum"} +{"instruction":"Which is NOT a 2nd generation antihistaminic?","input":"Choices: ['Loratidine', 'Acrivastatine', 'Cyclizine', 'Terfenidine']","output":"Cyclizine"} +{"instruction":"While playing in the park, an 8-year-old girl is bitten in the leg by a neighbor's cat. She presents the next day with fever and bone pain localized to her right calf. X-ray reveals a lytic lesion of the right tibia. Results of the bone culture are pending. You expect the infecting organism to be ?","input":"Choices: ['Brucella melitensis', 'Eikenella corrodens', 'Francisella tularensis', 'Pasteurella multocida']","output":"Pasteurella multocida"} +{"instruction":"A witness, who after taking oath, willfully makes a statement which he knows or believes to be false is guilty of offence under section: AIIMS 11; NEET 13, 15","input":"Choices: ['190 IPC', '191 IPC', '192 IPC', '193 IPC']","output":"193 IPC"} +{"instruction":"Which among the following drug is safest in a patient allergic to penicillin:","input":"Choices: ['Cephalexin', 'Imipennem', 'Cefepime', 'Aztreonam']","output":"Aztreonam"} +{"instruction":"Fungal infection commonly found in patients with uncontrolled diabetes is?","input":"Choices: ['Histoplasmosis', 'Mucormycosis', 'Cryptococcosis', 'Rhinosporidiosis']","output":"Mucormycosis"} +{"instruction":"Heme is conveed to bilirubin mainly in:","input":"Choices: ['Kidney.', 'Liver.', 'Spleen', 'Bone marrow.']","output":"Spleen"} +{"instruction":"CD 34 is a tumor marker used for ?","input":"Choices: ['Ewings sarcoma', 'Myofibrosarcoma', 'Alveolar soft pa sarcoma', 'Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor']","output":"Alveolar soft pa sarcoma"} +{"instruction":"Teriparatide can be used for the treatment of :","input":"Choices: ['Osteoporosis', 'Hormone responsive breast carcinoma', 'Polycystic ovarian disease', 'Hyperparathyroidism']","output":"Osteoporosis"} +{"instruction":"Drugs used in CCF are all except :","input":"Choices: ['Diuretics', 'Vasodilators', 'Dopamine\/Dobutamine', 'Amiodarone']","output":"Amiodarone"} +{"instruction":"The epithelial lining of cervical canal is :","input":"Choices: ['Low columnar', 'High columnar', 'Stratified squamous', 'Ciliated columnar']","output":"High columnar"} +{"instruction":"Example of disability limitation:","input":"Choices: ['DOTS', 'Quit smoking', 'BCG vaccine', 'Spectacles for refractory error']","output":"Spectacles for refractory error"} +{"instruction":"Righting reflex is a -","input":"Choices: ['Cochlear reflex', 'Spinal reflex', 'Vestibular reflex', 'None of the above']","output":"Vestibular reflex"} +{"instruction":"Function of Phospholamban is:","input":"Choices: ['Regulates Na K Pump', 'Transpos calcium out of the mitochondria', 'Binds actin with myosin', 'Collects calcium into the sarcoplasmic reticulum']","output":"Collects calcium into the sarcoplasmic reticulum"} +{"instruction":"A 36-year-old man presents to you complaining of right scrotal swelling. He states that the swelling has been present for 1 week. He initially noticed the swelling sholy after moving furniture for his new living room. He denies any nausea, vomiting, change in bowel habits, abdominal pain, or urinary tract symptoms. He has no other significant medical or surgical history. On examination, he has an enlarged right hemi-scrotum with a mass that appears to be originating at the level of the external inguinal ring. With the patient completely relaxed, the physician is able to reduce the mass by pushing it back through the external inguinal ring. With the mass reduced, the physician instructs the patient to perform a Valsalva maneuver, upon which a protrusion is felt at the external inguinal ring. Once the mass is reduced, the testicle appears normal in size and consistency. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?","input":"Choices: ['Hydrocele', 'Femoral hernia', 'Inguinal hernia', 'Testicular cancer']","output":"Inguinal hernia"} +{"instruction":"Potable water is defined as :-","input":"Choices: ['Zero coliforms per 100 ml', 'One coliform per 100 ml', '10 coliforms per 100 ml', '100 coliforms per 100 ml']","output":"Zero coliforms per 100 ml"} +{"instruction":"Carcinoid of lung (bronchial adenoma) arise from","input":"Choices: ['Ciliated cell', 'Kulchitsky cell', 'Type 2 pnemocytes', 'Clara cell']","output":"Kulchitsky cell"} +{"instruction":"Most common orbital cyst in children is","input":"Choices: ['Neuroenteric cyst', 'Dermoid cyst', 'Lymphoma', 'Clobomatous cyst']","output":"Dermoid cyst"} +{"instruction":"The most common pre-eruptive staining is:","input":"Choices: ['Amelogenesis imperfecta.', 'Dentinogenesis imperfecta.', 'Endemic fluorosis.', 'Pulp necrosis.']","output":"Endemic fluorosis."} +{"instruction":"Red infarct is seen in ?","input":"Choices: ['Liver', 'Kidney', 'Brain', 'Lung']","output":"Lung"} +{"instruction":"Prostaglandin used for cervical ripening?","input":"Choices: ['PG E1', 'PG E2', 'PGF2 -a', 'Oral Oxytocin']","output":"PG E2"} +{"instruction":"A 31-year-old man has an infertility work-up. He has aspermia. He also has chronic diarrhea with elevated quantitative stool fat. He has had recurrent, severe respiratory tract infections since early childhood. As a neonate, he had bowel obstruction from meconium ileus. He is most likely to have an abnormality involving mutation in which of the following genes?","input":"Choices: ['CFTR', 'FGFR', 'G6PD', 'HFE']","output":"CFTR"} +{"instruction":"Area that lies immediately lateral to the anterior perforating substance is","input":"Choices: ['Orbital gyrus', 'Uncus', 'Optic chiasma', 'Limen insulae']","output":"Limen insulae"} +{"instruction":"Joint between two Ends of bone covered by cartilage\njust like one epiphyseal plate growing at two ends, is called","input":"Choices: ['Synchondrosis', 'Synarthrosis', 'Syndesmosis', 'Synostosis']","output":"Synchondrosis"} +{"instruction":"In which of the following cardiac structure is middle cardiac vein located?","input":"Choices: ['Anterior AV groove', 'Posterior AV groove', 'Anterior interventricular sulcus', 'Posterior interventricular sulcus']","output":"Posterior interventricular sulcus"} +{"instruction":"Best indicator for beneficial effect of atropine in a patient with organophosphorous poisoning is: March 2012","input":"Choices: ['Hea rate', 'Pupil', 'Blood pressure', 'Ventilation']","output":"Hea rate"} +{"instruction":"Mutton for keratic precipitate and Busacca's nodules is seen in:","input":"Choices: ['Granulomatous uveitis', 'Non-granulomatous uveitis', 'Posterior uveitis', 'Choroiditis']","output":"Granulomatous uveitis"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following takes place during latent phase of growth curve","input":"Choices: ['Bacterial cell number increase', 'Bacterial cell size increase', 'Bacterial cell size decrease', 'Sporulation']","output":"Sporulation"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is not a neural crest derivative?","input":"Choices: ['Ciliary muscle', 'Melanocytes', 'Ciliary ganglion', 'Sphincter pupillae']","output":"Sphincter pupillae"} +{"instruction":"Colon carcinogenesis is associated with all except-","input":"Choices: ['APC', 'kRAS', 'B-catenin', 'None']","output":"None"} +{"instruction":"The operative procedure known as “micro fracture” is done for the","input":"Choices: ['Delayed union of femur', 'Nonunion of tibia', 'Loose bodies of ankle joint', 'Osteochondral defect of femur']","output":"Osteochondral defect of femur"} +{"instruction":"Heart failure cells contain -","input":"Choices: ['Hemosiderin', 'Lipofuschin', 'Myoglobin', 'Albumin']","output":"Hemosiderin"} +{"instruction":"A 30 yrs old lady examined for infeility by hysterosalpingography, reveals 'Bead-like' fallopian tube and clubbing of ampulla. Most likely cause is:","input":"Choices: ['Gonococcus', 'Mycoplasma', 'Chlamydia', 'Mycobacterium tuberculosis']","output":"Mycobacterium tuberculosis"} +{"instruction":"Ovulation can be diagnosed by all except:","input":"Choices: ['Measuring day 14 serum progesterone', 'b.Rise in basal body temperature in the second half of cycle', 'Study of cervical mucus', 'Endometrial histology']","output":"Measuring day 14 serum progesterone"} +{"instruction":"Epiglottis is Embryologically developed from","input":"Choices: ['2nd pharyngeal arch', 'Hypobranchial eminence', '4th pharyngeal arch', 'None of the above']","output":"Hypobranchial eminence"} +{"instruction":"In the sensorineural hearing loss, weber's test is lateralized to -","input":"Choices: ['Normal ear', 'Defective ear', 'Not lateralized', 'May alternate']","output":"Normal ear"} +{"instruction":"The shape of aerial pulse is influenced by","input":"Choices: ['Viscosity of blood', 'Velocity of blood', 'Aerial wall expansion', 'Cross sectional area of aery']","output":"Aerial wall expansion"} +{"instruction":"True about cystic duct stump stone are A\/E","input":"Choices: ['Stone cause of postop pain', 'Re-cholecystectomy is the definite treatment of choice', 'ERCP is the investigation of choice to diagnose', 'Basket extraction is the Mx of choice']","output":"Re-cholecystectomy is the definite treatment of choice"} +{"instruction":"Head control\/ neck holding is possible in an infant by: September 2012","input":"Choices: ['1 month', '2 months', '3 months', '6 months']","output":"3 months"} +{"instruction":"Lyme disease is caused by:","input":"Choices: ['Borrelia vincenti', 'Borrelia Burgdorferi', 'Borrelia Recurrentis', 'Treponema Pertenue']","output":"Borrelia Burgdorferi"} +{"instruction":"All of the following are true about Gout, except:-","input":"Choices: ['Occurs due to accumulation of urate crystals in joint', 'Can be pptd by pyrazinamide', 'Birefringement crystals are present in joint', 'Occurs more in females']","output":"Occurs more in females"} +{"instruction":"All of the following are recognised tumor-markers except -","input":"Choices: ['Beta HCG', 'Beta 2 microglobin', 'Acid phosphatase', 'Alpha foeto protein']","output":"Beta 2 microglobin"} +{"instruction":"Differential diagnosis of Meniere's disease are all expect -","input":"Choices: ['Acoustic neuroma', 'CNS disease', 'Labyrinthitis', 'Suppurative otitis media']","output":"Suppurative otitis media"} +{"instruction":". What is the Neutrophil count for moderate neutropenia ?","input":"Choices: ['<500\/mm3', '500 - 1000\/mm3', '>1000\/mm3', '100\/mm3']","output":"500 - 1000\/mm3"} +{"instruction":"Following are the ocular association of retinitis pigmentosa except:","input":"Choices: ['Myopia', 'Primary angle closure glaucoma', 'Microphthalmos', 'Conical cornea']","output":"Primary angle closure glaucoma"} +{"instruction":"Parasympathetic fibers of vagus nerve supply -","input":"Choices: ['Heart', 'Parotid gland', 'Submandibular gland', 'Ciliary muscles']","output":"Heart"} +{"instruction":"A 4-day-old male infant vomits the contents of his stomach, but the vomitus does not appear to contain bile. The baby is obviously distressed and makes sucking movements of his lips in response to offerings to suckle by his mother or of the bottle, but he is failing to thrive. Which of the following conditions will best explain the symptoms?","input":"Choices: ['Duodenal stenosis', 'Duodenal atresia', 'Hypertrophied pyloric sphincter', 'Atrophied gastric fundus']","output":"Hypertrophied pyloric sphincter"} +{"instruction":"Common precursor of mineralocoicoid, glucocoicoids and sex steroids ?","input":"Choices: ['Pregnenolone', 'a-hydroxyprogesterone', 'Dehydrotestosterone', 'Deoxycoisol']","output":"Pregnenolone"} +{"instruction":"All of the following are vasodilators except:","input":"Choices: ['Methyl dopa', 'Nitroprusside', 'Hydralazine', 'Diazoxide']","output":"Methyl dopa"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following helps in generating oxygen burst in the neutrophils?","input":"Choices: ['Superoxide dismutase', 'Catalase', 'Glutathione peroxidase', 'NADPH oxidase']","output":"NADPH oxidase"} +{"instruction":"Rubor in inflammation is due to - rpt Q24","input":"Choices: ['Dilation of aerioles', 'Increased vascular permeability', 'Increased viscocity of blood', 'Edema']","output":"Dilation of aerioles"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following structure is attached to the head of the fibula?","input":"Choices: ['Lateral mensiscus', 'Popliteus tendon', 'Lateral collateral ligament', 'Posterior cruciate ligament']","output":"Lateral collateral ligament"} +{"instruction":"A patient of known valvular disease requires dental extraction. Pretreatment prophylaxis should be given with:","input":"Choices: ['Tetracycline 1000mg. one hr before surgery', 'Amoxicillin 3g orally one hour before', 'Amoxicillin 1g IM one hour before', 'Benzyl penicillin 12 lakh units 1 hour before']","output":"Amoxicillin 3g orally one hour before"} +{"instruction":"Mass treatment of trachoma is undeaken if prevalence of trachoma in community is more than:","input":"Choices: ['>1 %', '>5%', '>7.5%', '>10%']","output":">5%"} +{"instruction":"All are features of haemophilic knee joint, EXCEPT:","input":"Choices: ['Juxta articular osteosclerosis', 'Sub chondral cyst formation', 'Widening of intercondylar notch', 'Squaring of patella']","output":"Juxta articular osteosclerosis"} +{"instruction":"A 16-year-old girl presents with primary amenorrhea. Her secondary sexual characteristics are well developed with good axillary and pubic hair. Examination of external genitalia reveals absence of vagina. USG reveals absence of uterus. Most likely diagnosis is:","input":"Choices: ['Androgen insensitivity syndrome', 'Gonadal agenesis', 'Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser syndrome', 'True hermaphrodite']","output":"Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser syndrome"} +{"instruction":"Not a constituent of air –","input":"Choices: ['H2', 'N2', 'O2', 'CO2']","output":"H2"} +{"instruction":"All is true about flumazenil except:","input":"Choices: ['Antagonist of benzodiazepines', 'Treat barbiturate poisoning', 'Given intravenously', 'Act GABA channel']","output":"Treat barbiturate poisoning"} +{"instruction":"Contraindication of induction of labour among the following is","input":"Choices: ['Contracted pelvis', 'Bad obstetrical history', 'Diabetes', 'Hea disease']","output":"Contracted pelvis"} +{"instruction":"Smudge cells in the peripheral smear are characteristic of:","input":"Choices: ['Chronic myelogenous leukemia', 'Chronic lymphocytic leukemia', 'Acute myelogenous leukemia', 'Acute lymhoblastic leukemia']","output":"Chronic lymphocytic leukemia"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is X-linked dominant trait?","input":"Choices: ['Haemophilia A', 'Colour blindness', 'Vitamin D dependent rickets', 'Duchenne muscular dystrophy -']","output":"Vitamin D dependent rickets"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following pharyngeal pouch give rise to ultimobranchial body?","input":"Choices: ['II', 'III', 'IV', 'V']","output":"V"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following statements regarding stroke volume is TRUE?","input":"Choices: ['Decreases by increase in hea rate', 'Determined by pre-diastolic volume', 'Determined by afterload', 'Is equal to cardiac output']","output":"Decreases by increase in hea rate"} +{"instruction":"Most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in paediatric age group is","input":"Choices: ['Minimal change disease', 'Membranous glomerulonephritis', 'Malarial infection', 'Mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis']","output":"Minimal change disease"} +{"instruction":"Face bows are classified as:","input":"Choices: ['Arbitrary face bow', 'Arbitrary and kinematic face bow', 'Arbitrary and value face bow', 'None of the above']","output":"Arbitrary and kinematic face bow"} +{"instruction":"Stain that is usedto detect myelin","input":"Choices: ['Luxol fast blue', 'Methylene blue', 'Both', 'None']","output":"Luxol fast blue"} +{"instruction":"Proteins are sorted by:","input":"Choices: ['Golgi bodies', 'Mitochondria', 'Ribosomes', 'Nuclear membrane']","output":"Golgi bodies"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is not associated with hypercalcemia?","input":"Choices: ['Tumor lysis syndrome', 'Hyperparathyroidsm', 'Multiple sclerosis', 'Sarcoidosis']","output":"Tumor lysis syndrome"} +{"instruction":"Chromidial bars are absent in which stage of cysts in Entamoeba?","input":"Choices: ['Uninucleate', 'Binucleate', 'Quadra nucleate', 'Octa nucleate']","output":"Quadra nucleate"} +{"instruction":"Key regulators of sleep are located in","input":"Choices: ['Hypothalamus', 'Thalamus', 'Putamen', 'Limbic coex']","output":"Hypothalamus"} +{"instruction":"Which of the enzyme of glycolysis is a pa of gluconeogenesis?","input":"Choices: ['Pyruvate kinase', 'PFK', 'Hexokinase', 'Phosphoglycerate kinase']","output":"Phosphoglycerate kinase"} +{"instruction":"A lady presents with 3 day history of epigastric pain radiating to back. Serum amylase levels were observed to be normal while USG abdomen reveals gall bladder stones and an enlarged pancreas. CT was done which clinched the diagnosis. What is the diagnosis.","input":"Choices: ['Acute pancreatitis', 'Acute cholecystitis', 'Acute peritonitis', 'Acute appendicitis']","output":"Acute pancreatitis"} +{"instruction":"Collection of health information, its use and its transmission to other levels of the system by non-professional health workers is","input":"Choices: ['Sentinel surveillance', 'Lay reporting', 'Census', 'Survey']","output":"Lay reporting"} +{"instruction":"Owl' eye nucleus is seen in which type of lymphoma?","input":"Choices: [\"Non- Hodgkin's lymphoma\", \"Hodgkin's lymphoma\", \"Burkitt's lymphoma\", 'Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma']","output":"Hodgkin's lymphoma"} +{"instruction":"Warthin- Finkeldey giant cells are seen in","input":"Choices: ['Influenza', 'Mumps', 'Pneumonia', 'Rubeola']","output":"Rubeola"} +{"instruction":"An alcoholic addicted presents in an emergency with irrelevant talking & disoriented to time, place and person. There is h\/o not taking alcohol from last 3 days & no head injury. He also has a visual hallucination. The diagnosis -","input":"Choices: ['Dementia praecox', 'Delirium tremens', 'Schizophrenia', 'Korsakoff psychosis']","output":"Delirium tremens"} +{"instruction":"Muscle spindle detects:","input":"Choices: ['Tension', 'Length', 'Proprioception', 'Stretch']","output":"Length"} +{"instruction":"Shoest incubation perion in malaria -","input":"Choices: ['P. vivax', 'P. falciparum', 'P. malariae', 'P. ovale']","output":"P. falciparum"} +{"instruction":"Hormones secreted by kidney","input":"Choices: ['Erythropoietin', 'Aldosterone', 'Vasopressin', 'Angiotensin']","output":"Erythropoietin"} +{"instruction":"All of the following organs are catagorised as secondary lymphoid organs, EXCEPT:","input":"Choices: ['Spleen', 'Thymus', 'Lymph nodes', 'Subepithelial collections of lymphocytes']","output":"Thymus"} +{"instruction":"True about the teratogenicity of a drug is all except:","input":"Choices: ['Characteristic set of malformations indicating selectivity for certain target organs is seen', 'Heparin is highly teratogenic drug', 'Related to the dose of the teratogenic drug', 'Affects specifically at a particular phase of development of the fetus']","output":"Heparin is highly teratogenic drug"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following statements about Lambe Eaten Myaesthenic syndrome is true:","input":"Choices: ['Tensilon test is positive', 'Extraocular muscles are most commonly involved', 'Incremental response to repeated electrical stimulation', 'Associated with adenocarcinoma of lung']","output":"Incremental response to repeated electrical stimulation"} +{"instruction":"A 40 year old immunocompromised patient develops multiple ulcers in the oesophagus leading to painful swallowing. The biopsy from the oesophagus is shown below. The diagnosis is?","input":"Choices: ['CMV', 'Candida', 'Eosinophilic esophagitis', 'Herpes']","output":"CMV"} +{"instruction":"In ETC at which complex ATP is not formed -","input":"Choices: ['NADH CoQ reductase', 'Succinate CoQ reductase', 'CoQ-cytochrome-C reductase', 'Cytochrome C oxidase']","output":"Succinate CoQ reductase"} +{"instruction":"Emergency contraceptives are effective if administered within following period after unprotected intercourse :","input":"Choices: ['24 hours', '48 hours', '72 hours', '120 hours']","output":"120 hours"} +{"instruction":"Viral gastroenteritis may be caused by all of the following in infant and young children except","input":"Choices: ['Enterovirus', 'Coronavirus', 'Calcivirus', 'Adenovirus']","output":"Enterovirus"} +{"instruction":"In which of the following, alanine peak is seen on MR Spectroscopy ?","input":"Choices: ['Tuberculoma', 'Tumors', 'Canavans disease', 'Meningioma']","output":"Meningioma"} +{"instruction":"Mesencephalo-oculo-facial-angiomatosis is seen in:","input":"Choices: ['KTW Syndrome', 'NF-1 & 2', 'Sturge-Weber syndrome', 'Wyburn-Mason syndrome']","output":"Wyburn-Mason syndrome"} +{"instruction":"HER-2\/ neu receptor play a role in aEUR'","input":"Choices: ['Predicting therapeutic response', 'Determining treatment for recurrence of tumor', 'Diagnosis of breast Ca', 'Screening of breast Ca']","output":"Predicting therapeutic response"} +{"instruction":"The mother of a 4-year-old child notes blood when laundering his underwear. Physical examination reveals a rectal mass. On proctoscopy, there is a smooth-surfaced, pedunculated, 1.5-cm polyp. It is excised and microscopically shows cystically dilated crypts filled with mucin and inflammatory debris, but no dysplasia. What is the most likely diagnosis?","input":"Choices: ['Familial adenomatous polyposis', 'Gardner syndrome', 'Juvenile polyp', 'Lynch syndrome']","output":"Juvenile polyp"} +{"instruction":"All are branches of lumbar plexus except-","input":"Choices: ['Iliohypogastric nerve', 'Ilioinguinal nerve', 'Obturator nerve', 'Subcostal nerve']","output":"Subcostal nerve"} +{"instruction":"Most commonly used blinding technique in epidemiological studies -","input":"Choices: ['Single blinding', 'Double blinding', 'Triple blinding', 'None of the above']","output":"Double blinding"} +{"instruction":"Secondary immune response is mediated by","input":"Choices: ['IgA', 'IgG', 'IgM', 'IgE']","output":"IgG"} +{"instruction":"First chemical barrier encountered by microorganism for common exposed sites-","input":"Choices: ['Lysozyme', 'Acidic pH', 'Skin', 'Lactose']","output":"Acidic pH"} +{"instruction":"Where the endoderm and ectoderm approach each other in the head & neck region during the 4th week","input":"Choices: ['Pharyngeal Grooves', 'Pharyngeal pouch', 'Pharyngeal membrane', 'Pharyngeal arch']","output":"Pharyngeal membrane"} +{"instruction":"Which one of the following is a hereditary disease that may be associated with infeility?","input":"Choices: ['Polycystic ovaries', 'Bullous pemphigoid', 'Uterine fibroid', 'Immotile cilia syndrome']","output":"Immotile cilia syndrome"} +{"instruction":"ACOG defines arrest of the first stage of labour as completed latent phase with uterine contractions of strength > 200MVUs without cervical changes for______","input":"Choices: ['1 hour', '2 hours', '3 hours', '4 hours']","output":"2 hours"} +{"instruction":"Outright or full-blown AIDS is characterized by:","input":"Choices: ['CD4 T-cell<800 cells\/mm3', 'CD4 T-cell<600 cells\/mm3', 'CD4 T-cell<400 cells\/mm3', 'CD4 T-cell<200 cells\/mm3']","output":"CD4 T-cell<200 cells\/mm3"} +{"instruction":"Structure related to ligamentum arteriosum -","input":"Choices: ['Left recurrent laryngeal nerve', 'Right recurrent laryngeal nerve', 'Internal carotid artery', 'External carotid artery']","output":"Left recurrent laryngeal nerve"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is not a criterion to diagnose depression:","input":"Choices: ['Unexplained visceral pains', 'Feeling of guilt', 'Hypersomnia\/Insomnia', 'Wohlessness']","output":"Unexplained visceral pains"} +{"instruction":"All are true in megaloblastic anaemia except -","input":"Choices: ['Microcytes', 'Megakaryocytes', 'Decrease in Platelets', 'Neurological symptoms']","output":"Microcytes"} +{"instruction":"The structure marked with arrow is most likely:","input":"Choices: ['Pulp obliteration', 'Reactionary dentin', 'Calculus', 'Plaque']","output":"Calculus"} +{"instruction":"IOC for determing the etiology of sub arachnoid hemorrhage","input":"Choices: ['Non - contrast CT', 'CECT', 'Four vessel DSA', 'MRI']","output":"Four vessel DSA"} +{"instruction":"Blood transfusion should be completed within how many hours of initiation-","input":"Choices: ['4 hours', '6 hours', '8 hours', '12 hours']","output":"4 hours"} +{"instruction":"A 30 year old pregnant female was diagnosed with syphilis and 3 doses of injection Benzathine\nPencillin G 2.4 MU was advised. She was found to be allergic to pencillin. What is the next management?","input":"Choices: ['Continue the same after reassurance', 'T.Doxycycline 100mg BD for 14 days', 'T.Doxycycline 100mg BD for 21 days', 'Desensitization']","output":"Desensitization"} +{"instruction":"Gyromagnetic propey of Hydrogen nucleus is used in","input":"Choices: ['USG', 'PET', 'CT', 'MRI']","output":"MRI"} +{"instruction":"All of the following statements is\/are true about post streptococcal glomerulonephritis except -a) Early treatment of streptococcal pharyngitis prevents glomerulonephritisb) All cases of streptococcal infection lead to glomerulonephritisc) Hump sign may be presentd) Immune complex deposits are seene) Commonly presents with crescent formation","input":"Choices: ['abc', 'bcd', 'abe', 'acd']","output":"abe"} +{"instruction":"Intraoperative wheezing can be managed by","input":"Choices: ['Thiopentane', 'Ketamine', 'Methohexitone', 'Propofol']","output":"Ketamine"} +{"instruction":"Coloured halos are seen in all, EXCEPT","input":"Choices: ['Mucopurulent conjunctivitis', 'Acute anterior uveitis', 'Tetracycline', 'Glaucoma']","output":"Tetracycline"} +{"instruction":"Anti TNF alpha is not used in ?","input":"Choices: ['RA with HIV', 'RA with HCV', 'RA with pulmonary fibrosis', 'RA with hepatitis B']","output":"RA with HIV"} +{"instruction":"Translocation between the 2 acrocentric chromosomes with breakpoint occurring close to the centromeres, so that very large and very small chromosomes are obtained from which smaller fragment is usually lost. The type of cytogenic abnormality is:","input":"Choices: ['Deletion', 'Balanced translocation', 'Robertsonian translocation', 'Inversion']","output":"Robertsonian translocation"} +{"instruction":"Certificate for vaccination during international travel is required in case of","input":"Choices: ['Japanese Encephalitis', 'Cholera', 'Yellow fever', 'Yellow severe and Cholera']","output":"Yellow fever"} +{"instruction":"Frie test is done in","input":"Choices: ['Donovanosis', 'LGV', 'Syphillis', 'Leprosy']","output":"LGV"} +{"instruction":"Ilnd constriction in oesophagus is seen at the following site :","input":"Choices: ['Where it crosses left main bronchus', 'Crossing of aoa', 'At pharyngoesophageal junction', 'Where it pierces the diaphragm']","output":"Crossing of aoa"} +{"instruction":"GE junction tumor is:","input":"Choices: ['Siewe type I', 'Siewe type II', 'Siewe type III', 'Siewe type IV']","output":"Siewe type II"} +{"instruction":"Dorzolamide is a","input":"Choices: ['Second generation sulfonylurea hypoglycaemic', 'Topical sulfonamide antibacterial', 'Luminal amoebicide', 'Topically applied ocular carbonic anhydrase inhibitor']","output":"Topically applied ocular carbonic anhydrase inhibitor"} +{"instruction":"Initial Investigation of choice of subarachnoid hemorrhage: March 2009","input":"Choices: ['Angiography', 'Lumbar puncture', 'CT scan', 'Serum electrolytes']","output":"CT scan"} +{"instruction":"Neurogenic shock in acute spinal injury is due to","input":"Choices: ['Loss of sympathetic tone', 'Loss of parasympathetic tone', 'Increased hea rate', 'Vasovagal attack']","output":"Loss of sympathetic tone"} +{"instruction":"Which is the intravenous anesthetic agent contributing in good analgesia:-","input":"Choices: ['Thiopentone', 'Propofol', 'Etomidate', 'Ketamine']","output":"Ketamine"} +{"instruction":"Deficiency of GpIIb-IIIa results in which of the following condition?","input":"Choices: ['Glanzmann thrombasthenia', 'Wiskot Aldrich syndrome', 'Bernard Soulier syndrome', 'None of the above']","output":"Glanzmann thrombasthenia"} +{"instruction":"The first permanent tooth to appear is","input":"Choices: ['First molar', 'Lateral incisor', 'Upper canine', 'First premolar']","output":"First molar"} +{"instruction":"Ibrutinib drug is used in all except:","input":"Choices: ['Mantle cell lymphoma', 'Chronic lymphocytic leukemia', \"Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia\", 'AML']","output":"AML"} +{"instruction":"Drug of choice for essential tremors","input":"Choices: ['Sotalol', 'Propranolol', 'Methylphenidate', 'prazosin']","output":"Propranolol"} +{"instruction":"Cerebello-cerebral connections are important for all of the following except","input":"Choices: ['Error detection during locomotion', 'Comparison of cerebral cortical command and muscle action', 'Detection and damping oscillatory muscle movements', 'Posture and equilibrium']","output":"Detection and damping oscillatory muscle movements"} +{"instruction":"ASO titre is useful in diagnosis of ?","input":"Choices: ['S. bovis', 'S. pyogenes', 'S. agalactiae', 'S. pneumonia']","output":"S. pyogenes"} +{"instruction":"Basal ganglia consist of all of the following except:","input":"Choices: ['Caudate nucleus', 'Putamen', 'Thalamus', 'Globus-pallidus']","output":"Thalamus"} +{"instruction":"Exaltation refers to:","input":"Choices: ['Enhancement of virulence', 'Removal of cell wall', 'Increasing rate of replication', 'Passage through unorable hosts']","output":"Enhancement of virulence"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is the best choice to evaluate radiologically a posterior fossa tumor?","input":"Choices: ['CT scan', 'MRI', 'Angiography', 'Myelography']","output":"MRI"} +{"instruction":"Normal conjunctival flora is","input":"Choices: ['E. coli', 'Pseudomonas', 'Coagulase negative staphylococci', 'Lactobacillus']","output":"Coagulase negative staphylococci"} +{"instruction":"Which one of the following is not a diagnostic criterion for rheumatoid arthritis according to the American Rheumatism Association?","input":"Choices: ['Raised rheumatoid factor.', 'Symmetric swelling (arthritis) for at least 6 weeks.', 'Symmetrical muscle weakness.', 'Rheumatoid nodules.']","output":"Symmetrical muscle weakness."} +{"instruction":"A 17 year old boy presented with total count of 138 x 109 \/L with 80% blasts on the peripheral smear. Chest X-ray demonstrated a large mediastinal mass. Immunophenotyping of this patient's blasts would most likely demonstrate:","input":"Choices: ['No surface antigens (null phenotype)', 'An immature T cell phenotype (Tdt\/D34\/CD7 positive)', 'Myeloid markers, such as CD13, CD33 and CD15', 'B cell markers, such as CD19, CD20 and CD22']","output":"An immature T cell phenotype (Tdt\/D34\/CD7 positive)"} +{"instruction":"A 43-year-old woman develops acute renal failure following an emergency resection of a leaking abdominal aoic aneurysm. One week after surgery, the following laboratory values are obtained: Serum electrolytes (mEq\/L): Na + 127, K+ 5.9, Cl - 92, HCO3 - 15 Blood urea nitrogen: 82 mg\/dL Serum creatinine: 6.7 mg\/dL The patient has gained 4 kg since surgery and is mildly dyspneic at rest. Eight hours after these values are repoed, the following electrocardiogram is obtained. Which of the following is the most appropriate initial treatment in the management of this patient?","input":"Choices: ['10 mL of 10% calcium gluconate', '0.25 mg digoxin every 3 hours for 3 doses', '100 mg lidocaine', 'Emergent hemodialysis']","output":"10 mL of 10% calcium gluconate"} +{"instruction":"The peripheral blood smear of a patient shows features of thalasemia, also presented with anaemia. Family history is also +ve. The investigation done to establish the diagnosis is -","input":"Choices: ['ESR estimation', 'Blood spherocyte estimation', 'Bone marrow aspiration', 'Hb-electrophoresis']","output":"Hb-electrophoresis"} +{"instruction":"In the absence of pregnancy, the corpus luteum functions for how many days :","input":"Choices: ['8 to10', 'l0 to 12', '12 to 14', '18 to 20']","output":"12 to 14"} +{"instruction":"Fastest microbiocidal agent against M.leprae -","input":"Choices: ['Clofazimine', 'Dapsone', 'Rifampicin', 'Minocycline']","output":"Rifampicin"} +{"instruction":"What is not recommended in management of hyperkalemia?","input":"Choices: ['Albuterol', 'Loop diuretics', 'Peritoneal dialysis', '50% dextrose in water']","output":"50% dextrose in water"} +{"instruction":"One gm of Hb liberates how many mg of bilirubin?","input":"Choices: ['40', '34', '15', '55']","output":"34"} +{"instruction":"Aery to bleed in duodenal ulcer haemorrhage -","input":"Choices: ['Splenic aery', 'Gastroduodenal aery', 'Left gastric aery', 'Sup. mesenteric aery']","output":"Gastroduodenal aery"} +{"instruction":"A patient of Mediterranean ancestry was given primaquine to protect against malaria when going on an overseas trip. The patient rapidly developed a hemolytic anemia due to a mostly silent mutation in which one of the following pathways or enzymes?","input":"Choices: ['Malic enzyme', 'Glycolysis', 'Hexose monophosphate shunt', 'Gluconeogenesis']","output":"Hexose monophosphate shunt"} +{"instruction":"Escharotomies is required in which type of burns:","input":"Choices: ['1st degree', '2nd degree deep ( subcutaneous )', '2nd degree superficial', 'Electrical']","output":"2nd degree deep ( subcutaneous )"} +{"instruction":"Not a barrier method","input":"Choices: ['Condom', 'Today', 'Centchroman', 'Diaphragm']","output":"Centchroman"} +{"instruction":"In reference to Mycoplasma, the following are true except","input":"Choices: ['They are inhibited by penicillins', 'They can reproduce in cell free media', 'They have an affinity for mammlian cell membranes', 'They can pass through fiters of 450 nm pore size']","output":"They are inhibited by penicillins"} +{"instruction":"HLA-B* 1502 is a genetic marker for -","input":"Choices: ['Systemic lupus erythematosus', 'Polyarteritis nodosa', 'Steven Johnson syndrome', 'Seronegative spondy-arthritis syndrome']","output":"Steven Johnson syndrome"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is NOT true regarding pugilistic attitude?","input":"Choices: ['Due to heat stiffening', 'Antemoem in nature', 'Body assumes a posture of generalized flexion', 'None of the above']","output":"None of the above"} +{"instruction":"Useful in acute diarrhea:","input":"Choices: ['Zinc', 'Magnesium', 'Calcium', 'Potassium']","output":"Zinc"} +{"instruction":"Investigation of choice in cholelithiasis is -","input":"Choices: ['MRI', 'X-ray', 'CT', 'USG']","output":"USG"} +{"instruction":"Angiotensin II causes all of the following, except","input":"Choices: ['Stimulation of thirst', 'Increased ADH secretion', 'Vasodilatation', 'Aldosterone secretion']","output":"Vasodilatation"} +{"instruction":"Ligamentum teres is formed after :","input":"Choices: ['Obliteration of the umbilical vein', 'Obliteration of the ductus venous', 'Obliteration of the ductus aeriosus', 'Obliteration of the hypogastric aery']","output":"Obliteration of the umbilical vein"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is not endemic mycosis?","input":"Choices: ['Histoplasmosis', 'Blastomycosis', 'Cryptococcosis', 'Paracoccidioidomycosis']","output":"Cryptococcosis"} +{"instruction":"Among the principles of Primary Health Care, the one which is NOT included is -","input":"Choices: ['Intersectoral coordination', 'Appropriate technology', 'Equitable distribution', 'Information, Education and Communication']","output":"Information, Education and Communication"} +{"instruction":"Clinical featues of sixth nerve palsy is -","input":"Choices: ['Convergent squint', 'Divergent squint', 'Limitation in upward movement', 'Limitation in downward movement']","output":"Convergent squint"} +{"instruction":"A child present with recurrent episodes of sinopulmonary infection by bacteria with polysaccharide rich capsule. Deficiency of which of the following immunoglobulin subclasses should be specifically investigated -","input":"Choices: ['IgA', 'IgG 1', 'IgG2', 'IgA + IgG2']","output":"IgA + IgG2"} +{"instruction":"A pregnant woman who underwent syphilis testing showed positive results for VDRL but negative for specific treponemal tests. Interpret the results","input":"Choices: ['Positive for syphilis', 'Biological false positive', 'False negative', 'Positive for non pathogenic Treponema']","output":"Biological false positive"} +{"instruction":"The incubation period for Bacillus Cereus in case of the emetic type of food poisoning","input":"Choices: ['1-6 hours', '8-16 hours', '24 hours', '> 24 hours']","output":"1-6 hours"} +{"instruction":"With respect to basic anatomy of bones, all of the following statements are true EXCEPT?","input":"Choices: ['Diaphysis is derived from primary ossification center', 'Compact bone is present in diaphysis of long bone', 'Cancellous bone is present in epiphysis of long bone', 'Haversian system is absent in compact bone']","output":"Haversian system is absent in compact bone"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following component acts as surface coating agent and transfer load from weaker matrix to stronger stress bearing components:","input":"Choices: ['Silane coupling agent', 'Filler', 'Matrix', 'Adhesives']","output":"Silane coupling agent"} +{"instruction":"A 32-year-old female prostitute is seen at the public health clinic with fever, night sweats, and reports coughing up blood. Her medical history reveals that she is HIV positive and has lost 20 lbs over the past month. Acid-fast bacilli are observed in the sputum. After digestion of the sputum, isolation of the suspected organism is best accomplished by using which one of the following media?","input":"Choices: ['Loffler medium', 'Lowenstein-Jensen medium', 'Sheep blood agar', 'TM agar']","output":"Lowenstein-Jensen medium"} +{"instruction":"Which is not supplied by pelvic splauchnic nerves?","input":"Choices: ['Rectum', 'Urinary bladder', 'Appendix', 'Uterus']","output":"Appendix"} +{"instruction":"Excessive amount of which of the following component turns the solution milky?","input":"Choices: ['Sodium sulfite', 'Ammonium sulfite', 'Ammonium thiosulphate', 'None of the above']","output":"Ammonium sulfite"} +{"instruction":"Froment's Sign is seen in:","input":"Choices: ['Ulnar nerve palsy', 'Median nerve palsy', 'Musculocutaneous nerve palsy', 'Posterior Interosseous nerve palsy']","output":"Ulnar nerve palsy"} +{"instruction":"Potts shunt is –","input":"Choices: ['Right subclavian artery to rt pulmonary artery', 'Descending aorta to left pulmonary artery', 'Left subclavian to left pulmonary artery', 'Ascending aorta to right pulmonary artery']","output":"Descending aorta to left pulmonary artery"} +{"instruction":"Visual acuity of 6\/60 is classified as","input":"Choices: ['Blind', 'Low vision', 'Visual morbidity', 'Normal vision']","output":"Low vision"} +{"instruction":"Cori's cycle is a term used for which of the follwoing pathway?","input":"Choices: ['Lactic acid cycle', 'Citric acid cycle', 'Pentose phosphate pathway', 'None of the above']","output":"Lactic acid cycle"} +{"instruction":"With optical density of 2, percentage of light transmitted is:","input":"Choices: ['100%', '10%', '1%', '0.10%']","output":"1%"} +{"instruction":"Ion which scatters X-ray most is -","input":"Choices: ['Ca++', 'Hg', 'Pb', 'H+']","output":"Pb"} +{"instruction":"Sociology is","input":"Choices: ['Study of human relationship', 'Study of human behavior', 'Both', 'None of the above']","output":"Both"} +{"instruction":"Complications of acute osteomyelitis -a) Malignancyb) Fracture of the affected bonec) Sepsisd) Chronicity","input":"Choices: ['abc', 'acd', 'bcd', 'bd']","output":"bcd"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following investigation is not needed during evaluation following 1st episode of urinary tract infection on a 7 month old boy?","input":"Choices: ['DMSA scan', 'Ultrasound of kidney and urinary tract', 'DTPA scan', 'Micturating cystourethogram (MCU)']","output":"DTPA scan"} +{"instruction":"Not true about blue sclera","input":"Choices: ['Seen in osteogenesis impeca', 'Does not seen in Ehlers-danlos syndrome', 'Blue colour is produced by underlying uveal pigment', \"Seen in marfan's syndrome\"]","output":"Does not seen in Ehlers-danlos syndrome"} +{"instruction":"Example of secondary active transport-","input":"Choices: ['K+ transport', 'Water Transport', 'Transport of oxygen', 'Na+-amino acid transport']","output":"Na+-amino acid transport"} +{"instruction":"Secular trend is best demonstrated by?","input":"Choices: ['Line diagram', 'Bar diagram', 'Histogram', 'Pie cha']","output":"Line diagram"} +{"instruction":". Anticoagulant used to estimate glucose from a sample sent from PHC is:","input":"Choices: ['EDTA', 'Calcium oxalate', 'Potassium oxalate + NaF', 'Sodium citrate']","output":"Potassium oxalate + NaF"} +{"instruction":"Best specimen of bone for sex determination is -","input":"Choices: ['Femur', 'Pelvis', 'Skull', 'Mandible']","output":"Pelvis"} +{"instruction":"Efferent's from cerebellum is through","input":"Choices: ['Golgi cells', 'Basket cells', 'Purkinje cells', 'Bipolar cells']","output":"Purkinje cells"} +{"instruction":"Kleptomania is:","input":"Choices: ['Delusion disorder', 'Obsession', 'Impulse disorder', 'Compulsion Seclusion']","output":"Impulse disorder"} +{"instruction":"According to which section, a person can be punished for attempt to murder with imprisonment for 10 years: NEET 14","input":"Choices: ['Sec. 301 IPC', 'Sec. 300 IPC', 'Sec. 302 IPC', 'Sec. 307 IPC']","output":"Sec. 307 IPC"} +{"instruction":"In HLA system, the cluster of genes are located in","input":"Choices: ['Chromosome 6', 'Chromosome 21', 'X-Chromosome', 'Y-chromosome']","output":"Chromosome 6"} +{"instruction":"Emergence delirium are seen with:","input":"Choices: ['Midazolam', 'Ketamine', 'Thiopentone', 'Opoids']","output":"Ketamine"} +{"instruction":"In Lowe syndrome, all of the following are seen except: September 2007","input":"Choices: ['Undescended testes in males', 'Cataract', 'Hypeonia', 'Low IQ']","output":"Hypeonia"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following statements is true regarding hemangioma of the bone -a) Occurs common in skull bonesb) Requires observation as it is premalignantc) Hamartomous in origind) Forms 10-12% of the bone tumorse) Local gigantism occurs when it occurs in an extremity","input":"Choices: ['acd', 'bde', 'ace', 'ade']","output":"ace"} +{"instruction":"Which one of the following is a multipennate muscle?","input":"Choices: ['Tibialis anterior', 'Deltoid', 'Tibialis posterior', 'Latissimus dorsi']","output":"Deltoid"} +{"instruction":"All the following statements are true regarding Parkinsonism disease developing in people > 70 years of age, except -","input":"Choices: ['The long-term side effects of levodopa such as dyskinesia are less', 'They are more likely to develop autonomic disturbances', 'Cognitive changes and dementia are more common', 'Prognosis is worse']","output":"Prognosis is worse"} +{"instruction":"The unit of measurement of absorbed dose in X-ray is","input":"Choices: ['Curie', 'Sievert', 'Gray', 'Kerma']","output":"Gray"} +{"instruction":"Renal cell carcinoma is related to gene located on chromosome ?","input":"Choices: ['3', 'X', '22', '20']","output":"3"} +{"instruction":"In amyloidosis, the following appearance will be seen in","input":"Choices: ['X-ray crystallography', 'Electron microscope', 'Spiral electron microscope', 'Congo red stain']","output":"X-ray crystallography"} +{"instruction":"All of the following are associated with low complement levels except","input":"Choices: ['Lupus nephritis', 'Mesangio capillary glomerulonephritis', 'Diarrhea-associated hemolytic uremic syndrome', 'Post-infections glomerulonephritis']","output":"Diarrhea-associated hemolytic uremic syndrome"} +{"instruction":"Hormonal vitamin is ?","input":"Choices: ['Niacin', 'Pyridoxin', 'Vitamin D', 'Riboflavin']","output":"Vitamin D"} +{"instruction":"In a 6 membered family, there are two parents and four children all aged between 2-6 years. On eof the children is completely immunized for his age, whereas other 3 siblings are totally unimmunized. One of the unimmunized child developed measles. 6 days later 2 other children developed measles. SAR is?","input":"Choices: ['zero', '33%', '66%', '100%']","output":"100%"} +{"instruction":"All are given to prevent rejection in organ transplantation except:","input":"Choices: ['Hyperimmune sera', 'Steroids', 'T cell inhibitors', 'Azathioprine']","output":"Hyperimmune sera"} +{"instruction":"Deadliest free radical is -","input":"Choices: ['Hydrogen peroxide(H2O2)', 'Superoxide anion (O2 -)', 'Hydroxyl ion (OH)', 'Peroxynitrite (ONOO)']","output":"Hydroxyl ion (OH)"} +{"instruction":"All of the following Statements are true about blackouts except:","input":"Choices: ['The person appears confused to the onlookers', 'Remote memory is relatively intact during the blackout', 'It is a discrete episode of anterograde amnesia', 'It is associated with alcohol intoxication']","output":"The person appears confused to the onlookers"} +{"instruction":"Continuous murmur is found in -a) AS combined with ARb) Systemic A V fistulac) PDA with reversal of shuntd) Aortopulmonary windowe) Rupture of sinus valsalva","input":"Choices: ['abc', 'ade', 'bde', 'bce']","output":"bde"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following malignant salivary gland tumours has a tendency for perineural invasion?","input":"Choices: ['Mucoepidermoid carcinoma', 'Adenoid cystic carcinoma', 'Adenocarcinoma', 'Acinous cell carcinoma']","output":"Adenoid cystic carcinoma"} +{"instruction":"Volume of distribution for chloroquine is :","input":"Choices: ['5–8 L', '9–15 L', '100–650 L', 'Above 1300 L']","output":"Above 1300 L"} +{"instruction":"Purtscher retinopathy is seen in patients with -","input":"Choices: ['Complication of chronic pancreatitis', 'Occlusion of anterior retinal artery', 'Head trauma', 'Diabetes mellitus']","output":"Head trauma"} +{"instruction":"Drooping eyelids in evening in boy ?","input":"Choices: ['Myasthenia gravis', 'Oculomotor nerve palsy', 'Botulism toxin', 'All of above']","output":"Myasthenia gravis"} +{"instruction":"Drug used for reducing sex drive in sexual offenders","input":"Choices: ['Penfluridol', 'Trifluperidol', 'Benperidol', 'Molindone']","output":"Benperidol"} +{"instruction":"IUCD is made up of -","input":"Choices: ['Nickel', 'Strontium', 'Copper', 'Polyethylane']","output":"Polyethylane"} +{"instruction":"After removal of the parotid gland, patient is having sweating on the cheeks while eating. The nerve involved in this phenomenon","input":"Choices: ['Lingual nerve', 'Auriculotemporal nerve', 'Lesser petrosal nerve', 'Buccal nerve']","output":"Auriculotemporal nerve"} +{"instruction":"Adequate mixing of mercury is indicated by:","input":"Choices: ['Dry Mix', 'Shiny Mix', 'Short Mixing Time', 'None']","output":"Shiny Mix"} +{"instruction":"Mefipristone causes __________ on fibroid","input":"Choices: ['Hyperplasia of fibroid', 'Atrophy of fibroid', 'No effect on fibroid', 'Varies with age']","output":"Atrophy of fibroid"} +{"instruction":"Structures removed in RND dissection are all except:","input":"Choices: ['Neck lymph nodes', 'Cranial nerve XI', 'Sternocleidomastoid', 'Vagus nerve']","output":"Vagus nerve"} +{"instruction":"The commonest cause of rubeosis iridis is","input":"Choices: ['Diabetes mellitus', 'Central retinal vein occlusion', 'Central retinal aery occlusion', 'Carotid stenosis']","output":"Diabetes mellitus"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following anti-metabolites act as an antifungal agent?","input":"Choices: ['Paclitaxel', '5-Flucytosine (5 FC)', 'Chlorambucil', 'Decarbazine']","output":"5-Flucytosine (5 FC)"} +{"instruction":"All are complications of ileal resection EXCEPT: March 2004","input":"Choices: ['Megaloblastic anemia', 'Iron deficiency anemia', 'Gastric hypeension', 'Malabsorption syndrome']","output":"Iron deficiency anemia"} +{"instruction":"Most common type of pelvis in women is","input":"Choices: ['Gynecoid', 'Anthrapoid', 'Android', 'Platypelloid']","output":"Gynecoid"} +{"instruction":"True treatment regarding hepatic amoebiasis -","input":"Choices: ['More common in females', 'Multiple lesions', 'Mostly treated conservatively', 'Jaundice is common']","output":"Mostly treated conservatively"} +{"instruction":"The following drug acts by hypomethylation-","input":"Choices: ['Gemcitabine', 'Capecitabine', 'Decitabine', 'Cytosine arabinoside']","output":"Decitabine"} +{"instruction":"What percentage of pheochromocytomas are malignant?","input":"Choices: ['5', '10', '20', '15']","output":"10"} +{"instruction":"Facial colliculus is seen in -","input":"Choices: ['Midbrain', 'Pons', 'Medulla', 'Interpeduncular fossa']","output":"Pons"} +{"instruction":"All of the following causes death in coarctation of Aoa except-","input":"Choices: ['Infective endocarditis', 'CCF', 'Intra cranial hemorrhage', 'Anterior MI']","output":"Anterior MI"} +{"instruction":"A woman diagnosed with Trichomoniasis should also be evaluated for which of the following?","input":"Choices: ['Functional bowel dysfunction', 'Hypeension', 'Other venereal disease', 'Ovarian malfunction']","output":"Other venereal disease"} +{"instruction":"D2O is used to measure volume of","input":"Choices: ['Blood', 'Total body water', 'Extracellular fluid', 'Intracellular fluid']","output":"Total body water"} +{"instruction":"All except one is false regarding tetrology of fallot","input":"Choices: ['S2 in single', 'Blue TOF murmur is loud', 'These patients will develop congestive cardiac failure in near future', 'With age proceeds to cardiomegaly']","output":"S2 in single"} +{"instruction":"The most common cause of clostridial food poisoning is-","input":"Choices: ['Type A', 'Type B', 'Type C', 'Type D']","output":"Type A"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is NOT a constituent of Virchow's triad?","input":"Choices: ['Damage to endothelium due to injury or inflammation', 'Diminished rate of blood flow', 'Increased coagulability of blood', 'Increased venous blood pressure']","output":"Increased venous blood pressure"} +{"instruction":"C02 is primarily transpoed in the aerial blood as:","input":"Choices: ['Dissolved C02', 'Carbonic Acid', 'Carbamino-hemoglobin', 'Bicarbonate']","output":"Bicarbonate"} +{"instruction":"True about Russell bodies is\/are:","input":"Choices: ['Multiple myeloma', 'Intracytoplasmic bodies', 'Eosinophilic', 'All of the above']","output":"All of the above"} +{"instruction":"The postmarketing trial comes under","input":"Choices: ['Phase 1 clinical trial', 'Preclinical trial', 'Phase 3 clinical trial', 'Phase 4 clinical trial']","output":"Phase 4 clinical trial"} +{"instruction":"All of the following species of borrelia are associated with Tick Borne Relapsing Fever, EXCEPT:","input":"Choices: ['Borrelia Recurrentis', 'Borrelia Hermsii', 'Borrelia Turicatae', 'Borrelia Duttanii']","output":"Borrelia Recurrentis"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is a cyanotic hea disease:","input":"Choices: ['PDA', 'VSD', 'TOF', 'ASD']","output":"TOF"} +{"instruction":"Infective stage of hook worm is:","input":"Choices: ['Trophozoite form', 'Filiform larva', 'Cyst', 'None']","output":"Filiform larva"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following rib is known as floating rib?","input":"Choices: ['8', '9', '10', '11']","output":"11"} +{"instruction":"Circadian rhythm is controlled by","input":"Choices: ['Suprechiasmatic nuclei', 'Raphe nuclei', 'Thlamus', 'Red nucleus']","output":"Suprechiasmatic nuclei"} +{"instruction":"A homosexual person feels that he is imposed by a female body & persistent discomfo with his sex, diagnosis is","input":"Choices: ['Gender identity disorder', 'Transvestism', 'Voyerism', 'Paraphillias']","output":"Gender identity disorder"} +{"instruction":"In IgA nephropathy (Berger's disease), there are -","input":"Choices: ['Subepithelial deposits', 'Subendothelial deposits', 'Mesangial deposits', 'Basement membrane deposits']","output":"Mesangial deposits"} +{"instruction":"Danazol is not used in :","input":"Choices: ['Precocious pubey', 'Endometrial Ca', 'Endometriosis', 'DUB']","output":"Endometrial Ca"} +{"instruction":"Exposure to which of the following mandates passive immunization with standard immune serum globulin?","input":"Choices: ['Rabies', 'Hepatitis A', 'Hepatitis B', 'Tetanus']","output":"Hepatitis A"} +{"instruction":"What is the definitive method of diagnosing pulmonary embolism?","input":"Choices: ['Ventilation perfusion imaging', 'Positron Emission Tomography', 'High Resolution CT', 'Pulmonary angiography']","output":"Pulmonary angiography"} +{"instruction":"Regarding anaplastic carcinoma which statement is false","input":"Choices: ['Common in elderly', 'Associated with P53 mutation', 'Surrounding neck tissue is usually infiltrated', 'Radiotherapy cures']","output":"Radiotherapy cures"} +{"instruction":"Buccopharyngeal membrane develops from:","input":"Choices: ['Ectoderm + Mesoderm', 'Ectoderm + Endoderm', 'Mesoderm + Endoderm', 'Ectoderm + Mesoderm + Endoderm']","output":"Ectoderm + Endoderm"} +{"instruction":"Phocomelia is a problem affecting:","input":"Choices: ['Long bones', 'Skull bones', 'Carpals', 'Metacarpals']","output":"Long bones"} +{"instruction":"Most common cause of lower gastro intestinal bleeding is","input":"Choices: ['Diveiculitis', 'Colorectal carcinoma', 'Angiodysplasia', 'Anal fissure']","output":"Diveiculitis"} +{"instruction":"All the following are features of right sided hea failure, Except:","input":"Choices: ['Increased PCWP', 'Pulsatile liver', 'Increased JVP', 'Positive hepatojugular reflex']","output":"Increased PCWP"} +{"instruction":"A 26 year old male presented to the dental clinic with pain in the right lower back tooth region. On examination, it was evident that pericoronitis is present with 48. Panoramic imaging is done to visualize the status of impacted tooth. This type of imaging technique uses:","input":"Choices: ['Electromagnetic radiations which are ionizing in nature', 'Electromagnetic radiations which are non-ionizing in nature', 'High energy particulate radiations which are ionizing in nature', 'High energy particulate radiations which are non-ionizing in nature']","output":"Electromagnetic radiations which are ionizing in nature"} +{"instruction":"The presence of anti-saccharomyces cerevisae antibody is a surrogate marker of one of the following:","input":"Choices: ['Coeliac disease', \"Crohn's disease\", 'Ulcerative colitis', 'Tropical sprue']","output":"Crohn's disease"} +{"instruction":"Male component of pier abutment is placed on","input":"Choices: ['Mesial side of pontic', 'Distal side of pontic', 'Mesial side of abutment', 'Distal side of abutment']","output":"Mesial side of pontic"} +{"instruction":"Factor useful for clot stabilization-","input":"Choices: ['X', 'XI', 'XII', 'XIII']","output":"XIII"} +{"instruction":"Chromosomal anomalies more than 20% is associated with -","input":"Choices: ['Gastroschisis', 'Omphalocele', 'Spina Bifida', 'Cleft Palate']","output":"Omphalocele"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is a disadvantage of the DMF index","input":"Choices: ['It is time consuming', 'It is a sum of dissimilar items', 'It is difficult to determine true caries with the criteria provided in the index', 'It measures cumulative experiences and is not necessarily indicative of current caries activity']","output":"It measures cumulative experiences and is not necessarily indicative of current caries activity"} +{"instruction":"Most common site of curling's ulcer?","input":"Choices: ['Proximal Duodenum', 'Esophagus', 'Distal duodenum', 'D. jujenum']","output":"Proximal Duodenum"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following post is most difficult to bond in the root canal:","input":"Choices: ['Zirconia ceramic post.', 'Carbon fiber reinforced post.', 'Polyethylene fiber reinforced post.', 'Glass fiber reinforced post.']","output":"Zirconia ceramic post."} +{"instruction":"What is the most common congenital anamoly of urethra?","input":"Choices: ['Epispadias', 'Hypospadias', 'Urethral stenosis', 'Posterior urethral value']","output":"Hypospadias"} +{"instruction":"Which artery is formed by joining of 2 vertebral arteries -","input":"Choices: [\"Basal artery'\", 'Middle cerebralartery', 'Posterior cerebral artery', 'Basilar artery']","output":"Basilar artery"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is DNA repair defect","input":"Choices: ['Retinoblastoma', 'Neurofibromatosis', 'Xeroderma pigmentosum', 'MEN1']","output":"Xeroderma pigmentosum"} +{"instruction":"Filgrastim is used in the treatment of -","input":"Choices: ['Anemia', 'Neutropenia', 'Malaria', 'Filaria']","output":"Neutropenia"} +{"instruction":"Following trauma, a patient presents with a drop of blood at the tip of urinary meatus. He complains of inability to pass urine. Next step should be:","input":"Choices: ['IVP should be done', 'MCU should be done', 'Catheterise, drain bladder and remove the catheter therafter', 'Catheterise, drain bladder and retain the catheter therafter']","output":"Catheterise, drain bladder and retain the catheter therafter"} +{"instruction":"Norepinephrine action at the synaptic cleft is terminated by","input":"Choices: ['Metabolism by COMT', 'Metabolism by MAO', 'Reuptake', 'Metabolism by acetylcholinesterase']","output":"Reuptake"} +{"instruction":"San Joakin valley fever is caused by","input":"Choices: ['B. dermatitidis', 'Cryptococcous neoformans', 'Coccidioidomycosis immitis', 'H. capsulatum']","output":"Coccidioidomycosis immitis"} +{"instruction":"Effect ot progesterone on lipids :","input":"Choices: ['Lowers LDL, increases HDL', 'Lowers HDL and LDL', 'Lowers HDL & increases LDL', 'Increases LDL and HDL']","output":"Lowers HDL & increases LDL"} +{"instruction":"The headquarters of UNICEF is situated at:","input":"Choices: ['Geneva', 'London', 'New York', 'Washington DC']","output":"New York"} +{"instruction":"True about Nipah virus are all except -","input":"Choices: ['Is a paramyxovirus', 'Causes hemorrhagic fever', 'Emerging infection', 'Present in India']","output":"Causes hemorrhagic fever"} +{"instruction":"Pasteruisation of milk does not kills –","input":"Choices: ['Anthrax', 'Brucella', 'Mycobacterium tuberculosis', 'Streptococcus']","output":"Anthrax"} +{"instruction":"Polycythemia is associated with all the following cancers except","input":"Choices: ['Stomach cancer', 'Liver cancer', 'Prostrate cancer', 'Renal cell cancer']","output":"Prostrate cancer"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is a Water-soluble Vitamin?","input":"Choices: ['Folic acid', 'Vitamin A', 'Vitamin K', 'Linolenic acid']","output":"Folic acid"} +{"instruction":"A male patient is admitted following a fall from height. On arrival his Glasgow Coma Scale score is 5\/15 and he is therefore intubated. During primary resuscitation a chest film is taken which shows a widened mediastinum and right-sided detion of the trachea. The diagnosis is","input":"Choices: ['Ruptured oesophagus', 'Cardiac tamponade', 'Right lobe collapse', 'Aoic rupture']","output":"Aoic rupture"} +{"instruction":"In alcoholic liver disease which of the following pigments is deposited in the Hepatocytes","input":"Choices: ['Hemosiderin', 'Hemoglobin', 'Melanin', 'Lipofuscin']","output":"Hemosiderin"} +{"instruction":"CAD predisposing factors-a) Homocysteinemiab) ↓ Lipoprotein Bc) ↑ Fibrinogend) ↑ HDLe) ↑ plasminogen activator inhibitors 1","input":"Choices: ['acd', 'bde', 'cde', 'ace']","output":"ace"} +{"instruction":"Which is not an effect of atropine?","input":"Choices: ['Rise of body temperature', 'Decreased salivary secretion', 'Bradycardia', 'Increased A-V conduction']","output":"Bradycardia"} +{"instruction":"Griffith demonstrated transformation with -","input":"Choices: ['H. influenzae', 'E. coli', 'Proteus', 'Pneumococcus']","output":"Pneumococcus"} +{"instruction":"Myocardial re-infarction inhibitor","input":"Choices: ['Beta blockers', 'Nitrates', 'Calcium channel blockers', 'Potassium channel openers']","output":"Beta blockers"} +{"instruction":"Major component of DNA","input":"Choices: ['Histone', 'Repressor', 'Deoxyribonucleotides', 'Inducer']","output":"Deoxyribonucleotides"} +{"instruction":"All of the following are invasive carcinoma of breast except -a) Comedo carcinomab) Colloid carcinomac) Lobular carcinoma in situd) Medullary carcinoma","input":"Choices: ['a', 'bc', 'ad', 'ac']","output":"ac"} +{"instruction":"The agent used to stain soft tissues is called","input":"Choices: ['Staining agent', 'Disclosing agent', 'Mordent', 'All']","output":"Disclosing agent"} +{"instruction":"A case of murder with gunshot is repoed. A metal bullet is recovered from the body. Primary and Secondary markings on a metal bullet can be used for","input":"Choices: ['Identification of weapon', 'To know the range of firing', 'Severity of tissue damage', 'To known tome of crime']","output":"Identification of weapon"} +{"instruction":"Mr. X complained of chills and fever following a louse bite. He had rashes all over the body and was delirious at the time of presentation to the hospital and subsequently went into the coma. A provisional diagnosis of vasculitis due to rickettsial infection was made. Which one of the following can be the causative agent?","input":"Choices: ['Rickettsia typhi', 'Rickettsia rickettsiae', 'Rickettsia prowazekii', 'Rickettsia akarai']","output":"Rickettsia prowazekii"} +{"instruction":"Renal aery stenosis may occur in all of the following, except:","input":"Choices: ['Atherosclerosis', 'Fibromuscular dysplasia', \"Takayasu's aeritis\", 'Polyaeritis nodosa']","output":"Polyaeritis nodosa"} +{"instruction":"Hyperextension at the metacarpophalangeal joints and flexion at the interphalangeal joints is caused by injury in the","input":"Choices: ['Ulnar nerve', 'Radial nerve', 'Median nerve', 'Musculocutaneous nerve']","output":"Ulnar nerve"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following nerve runs with vagus between internal carotid artery and internal jugular vein till the angle of mandible?","input":"Choices: ['Accessory nerve', 'Hypoglossal nerve', 'Glossopharyngeal nerve', 'Maxillary nerve']","output":"Hypoglossal nerve"} +{"instruction":"FG, FFG,FFFG....used to discribe: (PGI Dec 2008)","input":"Choices: ['Primer', 'Cartridge', 'Black gunpowder', 'Wadding']","output":"Black gunpowder"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following drug is used in CPR?","input":"Choices: ['Atropine', 'Amiodarone', 'Procainamide', 'Phenylephrine']","output":"Amiodarone"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following structures passes through sinus of morgagni -a) Ascending palatine arteryb) Levator palatini muscle c) Auditory tubed) Pterygoid nervee) Sphenopalatine nerve","input":"Choices: ['abc', 'bc', 'acd', 'bcd']","output":"abc"} +{"instruction":"The most effective medical treatment of nasal polypi is:","input":"Choices: ['Topical decongestant nasal drops', 'Anti-histaminic', 'Topical steroids', 'Non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)']","output":"Topical steroids"} +{"instruction":"Cerebral angiography was performed by","input":"Choices: ['Sir Walter Dandy', 'George Moore', 'Seldinger', 'Egas Moniz']","output":"Egas Moniz"} +{"instruction":"True about Pancoast tumour are all of the following except: March 2005","input":"Choices: ['Only 3-5% are small cell carcinomas', 'Involves eighth cervical and first two thoracic nerves commonly', \"Homer's syndrome may be a manifestation\", 'Lower lobe Carcinoma']","output":"Lower lobe Carcinoma"} +{"instruction":"Total alveolar ventilation volume (in L\/min) is","input":"Choices: ['1.5', '3.5', '4.2', '5']","output":"4.2"} +{"instruction":"Most sensitive investigation of pancreatic carcinoma is –","input":"Choices: ['Angiography', 'ERCP', 'Ultrasound', 'CT scan']","output":"Ultrasound"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is not a hepatotoxic drug ?","input":"Choices: ['Ethambutol', 'Rifampicin', 'INH', 'Pyrazinamide']","output":"Ethambutol"} +{"instruction":"A 55-year-old smoker presents with a history of five episodes of macroscopic hematuria each lasting for about 4-5 days in the past five years. Which of the following investigations should be performed to evaluate the suspected diagnosis","input":"Choices: ['Urine microscopy and cytology', 'X-ray KUB', 'Ultrasound KUB', 'DTPA scan']","output":"Urine microscopy and cytology"} +{"instruction":"All of the following are true about Krukenberg's tumor except:","input":"Choices: ['Has a rough surface', 'Shape of ovary is maintained', 'Usually bilateral', 'Arises usually form stomach carcinoma']","output":"Has a rough surface"} +{"instruction":"Chemotaxis is","input":"Choices: ['Unidirectional increase in movement', 'Random movement increase', 'Margintion of leucocytes', 'Increase of leucocytes']","output":"Unidirectional increase in movement"} +{"instruction":"Tachyzoites are seen in:","input":"Choices: ['Toxoplasma', 'Toxocara', 'Pulmonary eosinophilia', 'Ascaris']","output":"Toxoplasma"} +{"instruction":"Pentose pathway produces -","input":"Choices: ['ATP', 'NADPH', 'ADP', 'AcetylCoA']","output":"NADPH"} +{"instruction":"In porphyria all the following drugs are safe Except","input":"Choices: ['Propofol', 'Midazolam', 'Alfentanyl', 'Pentazocine']","output":"Pentazocine"} +{"instruction":"EBV Causes:","input":"Choices: ['Ca cervix', 'Ca Nasopharynx', 'Ca lung', 'Ca uterus']","output":"Ca Nasopharynx"} +{"instruction":"Increased anion gap metabolic acidosis is seen in all except :","input":"Choices: ['Starvation', 'Salicylate poisoning', 'Lactic acidosis', 'Diarrhoea']","output":"Diarrhoea"} +{"instruction":"A 18-year old Rohith was complaining of severe weakness, dizziness, and sleepiness during the preceding 4 weeks. In a previous episode 3 weeks earlier, he had drowsiness and generalized tiredness. Upon questioning, he repoed unquenchable thirst, and the repeated need to urinate.he had lost 4kg of weight. Laboratory, on admission, showed glucose of 560 mg\/dl.A urine sample was 4+ for glucose and had \"large\" acetone. HbA1c was 14%.which of the following is true regarding this patient?","input":"Choices: ['Increased glucose uptake', 'Increased lipolysis', 'Decreased hepatic glucose output', 'Decreased protein catabolism']","output":"Increased lipolysis"} +{"instruction":"A 70-year-old man presents to the ER with an acute disturbance of vision and balance. He explains that whilst sitting in his chair at home earlier in the evening the room suddenly began spinning. When he tried to get up, he felt dizzy and kept bumping into furniture. On examination, he has nystagmus and a left homonymous hemianopia. He is noted to be hypeensive (BP 170\/80) but all other vital signs are within the normal range. An MRI head reveals an acute ischaemic infarct. According to Bamford classification, what type of stroke has this person suffered?","input":"Choices: ['Lacunar stroke (LACS)', 'Paial anterior circulation stroke (PACS)', 'Posterior circulation stroke (POCS)', 'Total anterior circulation stroke (TACS)']","output":"Posterior circulation stroke (POCS)"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following statements about coagulation factor VII is not true?","input":"Choices: ['Deficiency is associated with prolonged APTT', 'Deficiency can be managed by Fresh Frozen plasma', 'Deficiency is inherited as an Autosomal Recessive trait', 'Has a shoer half life in comparison to Hageman factor (XII)']","output":"Deficiency is associated with prolonged APTT"} +{"instruction":"A blood stained discharge from the nipple indicates one of the following:","input":"Choices: ['Breast abscess', 'Fibroadenoma', 'Duct Papilloma', 'Fat Necrosis of Breast']","output":"Duct Papilloma"} +{"instruction":"Cerebroside contains which sugar moiety","input":"Choices: ['Ribose', 'Fructose', 'Galactose', 'Glucose']","output":"Galactose"} +{"instruction":"Flaer assay is used for","input":"Choices: ['Hereditary spherocytosis', 'Thalassemia', 'Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria', 'All of the above']","output":"Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria"} +{"instruction":"True about Fovea palatini:","input":"Choices: ['They are always on the soft palate.', 'They are at the junction of the soft and hard palate.', 'They are present at the hard palate.', 'They are formed by the coalescense of several sebaceous glands.']","output":"They are always on the soft palate."} +{"instruction":"Temporary and permanent removed by –","input":"Choices: ['Boiling', 'Addition of lime', 'Permutit method', 'All']","output":"Permutit method"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following urea cycle intermediate is the link between urea cycle and TCA cycle?","input":"Choices: ['Argininosuccinate', 'Fumarate', 'Oxaloacetate', 'Succinate']","output":"Fumarate"} +{"instruction":"The placenta is formed from:","input":"Choices: ['Decidua basalis', 'Decidua vera', 'Chorion levae', 'Decidua capsularis']","output":"Decidua basalis"} +{"instruction":"Test for diagnosis of pyogenic meningitis is?","input":"Choices: ['Widal', 'CSF PCR', 'CSF examination', 'PET scan']","output":"CSF examination"} +{"instruction":"A chromosomal aberration that results in a disturbance in the normal gene balance is termed","input":"Choices: ['Non-disjunction', 'Euploidy', 'Aneuploidy', 'Breakage']","output":"Non-disjunction"} +{"instruction":"All of the following are signs of cerebellar disease except -","input":"Choices: ['Resting tremors', 'Past pointing', 'Nystagmus', 'Ataxic gait']","output":"Resting tremors"} +{"instruction":"Zero order kinetics occur in which of the following drug with high doses?","input":"Choices: ['Phenytoin and Propranolol', 'Digoxin and Propranolol', 'Amiloride and Probenecid', 'Lithium and Theophylline']","output":"Phenytoin and Propranolol"} +{"instruction":"A laboratory analysis report of a specific fraction of a patient's lymphocytes the following:\n\nHLA, Band C+,PHA+, CD3-, CD16+, CD11a\/ CD18+, CD56+, and in vitro blastogenesis with IL12 What are the lymphocytes this set describes?","input":"Choices: ['B lymphocytes', 'Cytotoxic T lymphocytes', 'Natural killer cells', 'T helper 1 subset']","output":"Natural killer cells"} +{"instruction":"Blue ear drum is seen in -","input":"Choices: ['Serous otitis media', 'CSOM', 'Perforation', 'None']","output":"Serous otitis media"} +{"instruction":"In which of the following uveitic conditions is it contraindicated to put intraocular lens after cataract extraction","input":"Choices: ['Fuchs heterochromic cyclitis', 'Juvenile rheumatoid ahritis', 'Psoriatic ahritis', 'Reiters syndrome']","output":"Juvenile rheumatoid ahritis"} +{"instruction":"TRISS incluses all of the following except -","input":"Choices: ['Injury severity score', 'Revised Trauma Score', 'Age', 'Urine Output']","output":"Urine Output"} +{"instruction":"Black scab is formed at","input":"Choices: ['4-5 days', '6-7 days', 'Less than 24 hours', 'After 7-10 days']","output":"6-7 days"} +{"instruction":"Backening of eye most common because of -","input":"Choices: ['Friction abrasion', 'Patterned abrasion', 'Imprint abrasion', 'Contusion']","output":"Contusion"} +{"instruction":"Sudden cardiac death may occur in all of the following, except:","input":"Choices: ['Dilated cardiomyopathy', 'Hyperophic cardiomyopathy', \"Eisenmenger's syndrome\", 'Ventricular septal defect']","output":"Ventricular septal defect"} +{"instruction":"All of the following are true in management of Haemorrhoids except","input":"Choices: ['Excisional surgery is cornerstone', 'Fiber supplementation is effective', 'Improvement in bowel function is helpful', 'Ligation with rubber bands effective']","output":"Excisional surgery is cornerstone"} +{"instruction":"Type of laser used in Laser iridotomy is: (E. REPEAT 2009)","input":"Choices: ['CO2 laser', 'Nd Yag laser', 'Excimer laser', 'KTP laser']","output":"Nd Yag laser"} +{"instruction":"Ratio of connective tissue : smooth muscle in cervix is ?","input":"Choices: ['2:01', '5:01', '8:01', 'None']","output":"8:01"} +{"instruction":"Kaposi's varicelliform eruptions are likely seen all EXCEPT:-","input":"Choices: ['Atopic dermatitis', 'Dermatitis herpetiformis', 'Lymphoma', 'Syphilis']","output":"Syphilis"} +{"instruction":"All enamel walls of a cavity preparation must consist of full length enamel rods on","input":"Choices: ['Affected enamel', 'Affected dentin', 'Sound enamel', 'Sound dentin']","output":"Sound dentin"} +{"instruction":"Complex granular corpuscels are produced by ?","input":"Choices: ['Oligodendrocytes', 'Astrocytes', 'Microglia', 'Vascular endothelium']","output":"Microglia"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is the most common mutation in Ewing's sarcoma -","input":"Choices: ['Translocation X : 18', 'Translocation 11; 22', 'Activative mutation of G5alpha surface protein', 'Missense mutation in EXTI']","output":"Translocation 11; 22"} +{"instruction":"A patient of acute leukemia is admitted with febrile neutropenia. On day four of being treated with broad spectrum antibiotics, his fever increases. X-ray chest shows bilateral fluffy infiltrates. Which of the following should be the most appropriate next step in the management?","input":"Choices: ['Add antiviral therapy', 'Add antifungal therapy', 'Add cotrimoxazole', 'Continue chemotherapy']","output":"Add cotrimoxazole"} +{"instruction":"Androgen binding protein is secreted by the following structure:","input":"Choices: ['Pituitary', 'Liver', 'Seoli cells', 'Leydig cells']","output":"Seoli cells"} +{"instruction":"Pre-auricular sulcus helps in detection of:","input":"Choices: ['Age', 'Sex', 'Race', 'Height']","output":"Sex"} +{"instruction":"Which among the following is TRUE regarding tumorigenesis during aging?","input":"Choices: ['Telomerase reactivation', 'Telomerase inactivation', 'Increased apoptosis', 'Suppression of proto-oncogenes']","output":"Telomerase reactivation"} +{"instruction":"ATPs generated in TCA cycle","input":"Choices: ['15', '20', '10', '40']","output":"10"} +{"instruction":"Young female, multigravida presenting with post coital bleeding, vagina - normal, cervix - hyperophied, Next step?","input":"Choices: ['Pap smear', 'Colposcopy biopsy', 'Cryotherapy', 'P\/Vaginal examination']","output":"Colposcopy biopsy"} +{"instruction":"The main difference between composite and amalgam as restorative material is:","input":"Choices: ['Occlusal wear', 'Durability', 'Retention', 'Manipulation']","output":"Occlusal wear"} +{"instruction":"Toxin of emetic strain of bacillus cereus resembles in action of","input":"Choices: ['Heat stable toxin of S.aureus', 'Heat labile toxin of E.coli', 'Cholera toxin', 'Pseudomonas toxin']","output":"Heat stable toxin of S.aureus"} +{"instruction":"Major functions of Vitamin E in the body","input":"Choices: ['Regulation of energy metabolism', 'Carboxylation reaction', 'Blood clotting', 'Protection of biological membrane from free radical damage']","output":"Protection of biological membrane from free radical damage"} +{"instruction":"Drug of choice for intermediate uveitis ?","input":"Choices: ['Atropine', 'Antibiotics', 'Topical steroids', 'Systemic steroid']","output":"Systemic steroid"} +{"instruction":"Precapillary sphincter relaxation is caused by","input":"Choices: ['Sympathetic activity', 'Circulating catecholamines', 'Local metabolites', 'Fall in capillary pressure']","output":"Local metabolites"} +{"instruction":"Neonatal apnea is seen in all except –","input":"Choices: ['Hyperglycemia', 'Hypercalcemia', 'Hyperthermia', 'All of these']","output":"All of these"} +{"instruction":"A woman with infeility receives an ovary transplant from her sister who is an identical twin. What type of graft is it?","input":"Choices: ['Allograft', 'Autograft', 'Xenograft', 'Isograft']","output":"Isograft"} +{"instruction":"Which is not an indication for walking bleach:","input":"Choices: ['Discolouration of the pulp chamber.', 'Defective enamel formation.', 'Dentin discolouration.', 'None.']","output":"Defective enamel formation."} +{"instruction":"Sporulation occurs in:","input":"Choices: ['Lag phase', 'Log phase', 'Stationary phase', 'Decline phase']","output":"Stationary phase"} +{"instruction":"Brain tumour with high vascularity is:","input":"Choices: ['Glioblastoma', 'Meningiomas', 'CP angle epidermoid', 'Pitutary adenoma']","output":"Glioblastoma"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following muscle is attached to TMJ ?","input":"Choices: ['Lateral pterygoid', 'Medial pterygoid', 'Masseter', 'All the above']","output":"All the above"} +{"instruction":"Griseofulvin isnot useful in one of the following:","input":"Choices: ['Tinea capitis', 'Tinea cruris', 'Tinea versicolor', 'Tinea pedis']","output":"Tinea versicolor"} +{"instruction":"Inferior orbital fissure is between which 2 walls of orbit:","input":"Choices: ['Roof and medial', 'Lateral and floor', 'Floor and medial', 'Roof and lateral']","output":"Lateral and floor"} +{"instruction":"Not seen in OSTEOPETROSIS:","input":"Choices: ['Pancytopenia', 'Delayed healing of fractures', 'Compression of cranial nerve', 'Osteomyelitis of mandible']","output":"Delayed healing of fractures"} +{"instruction":"A child presented with a history of unilateral purulent nasal discharge with occasional bloody discharge from the same side, The diagnosis is -","input":"Choices: ['Antrochoanal polyp', 'Foreign body', 'Angiofibroma', 'Rhinosporidiosis']","output":"Foreign body"} +{"instruction":"The item shown below is used to feed newborns born at what gestational age?","input":"Choices: ['27 weeks', '30 weeks', '33 weeks', '37 weeks']","output":"33 weeks"} +{"instruction":"Diagnosis of CO poisoning post-moem -","input":"Choices: ['Blood thin and red coloured', 'Congestion of all organs', 'Cyanosis', 'Blister on skin']","output":"Blood thin and red coloured"} +{"instruction":"Most common variety of lung carcinoma in women and children is?","input":"Choices: ['Small cell carcinoma', 'Adenocarcinoma', 'Squamous cell carcinoma', 'Large cell carcinoma']","output":"Adenocarcinoma"} +{"instruction":"Most common complication of gastric ulcer ?","input":"Choices: ['Tea pot stomach', 'Scirrhous corcinoma', 'Preforation', 'Massive haematemesis']","output":"Massive haematemesis"} +{"instruction":"Primitive streak develops from:","input":"Choices: ['Mesoderm', 'Epiblast', 'Hypoblast', 'Neural plate']","output":"Epiblast"} +{"instruction":"For which one of the following tumors Gastrin is a biochemical marker?","input":"Choices: ['Medullary carcinoma of thyroid', 'Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor', 'Pheochromocytoma', 'Gastrointestinal stromal tumor']","output":"Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor"} +{"instruction":"Wilson’s disease is characterised by all except?","input":"Choices: ['The defective gene is ATP 7A', 'Neurological features include Parkinsonian features and Ataxia', 'Kayser-Fleischer rings and sunflower cataracts are typical eye findings', 'Liver biopsy is confirmatory for the diagnosis']","output":"The defective gene is ATP 7A"} +{"instruction":"Which is the commonest Post splenectomy infection :","input":"Choices: ['Streptococcus pyogenes', 'Staphylococcus aureus', 'Stseptococcus Pneumonia', 'Pseudomonas aeruginosa']","output":"Stseptococcus Pneumonia"} +{"instruction":"Toxix shock syndrome occures after one of the following vaccinations","input":"Choices: ['DPT', 'Recombinant DNA vaccine against hepatitis B', 'Oral polio vaccine', 'Measles vaccine']","output":"Measles vaccine"} +{"instruction":"Chang staging is used for -","input":"Choices: ['Retinoblastoma', 'Medulloblastoma', \"Ewing's sarcoma\", 'Rhabdomyosarcoma']","output":"Medulloblastoma"} +{"instruction":"The first step in synthesis of steroids is derived from the cleavage of cholesterol. What is the enzyme responsible for the cleavage of 20,22-dehydrocholesterol to pregnenolone?","input":"Choices: ['Delta 5-3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3B - HSD)', 'HMG-CoA reductase', 'Aromatase', '17 alpha-hydroxylase']","output":"Delta 5-3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3B - HSD)"} +{"instruction":"Focal length of lens is 0.75 m, what will be its refreactive power -","input":"Choices: ['0.75D', '1.5D', '1.25 D', '1.33 D']","output":"1.33 D"} +{"instruction":"True about Ludwig's angina-a) Involves both submandibular and sublingual spacesb) Most common cause is dental infectionc) Bilaterald) Spreads by lymphatics","input":"Choices: ['ab', 'abc', 'acd', 'bcd']","output":"abc"} +{"instruction":"Post-tetanic potentiation is due to","input":"Choices: ['Hyper polarization of muscle fibres', 'Rapid K efflux', 'Increased availability of Ca', 'Rapid Na influx']","output":"Increased availability of Ca"} +{"instruction":"Kwashiorkor is diagnosed in growth-retarded children along with ________","input":"Choices: ['Edema and mental changes', 'Hypopigmentation and anemia', 'Edema and hypopigmentation', 'Hepatomegaly and good appetite']","output":"Edema and mental changes"} +{"instruction":"Woody induration of rhinoscleroma is initially seen at which stage:","input":"Choices: ['Catarrhal stage', 'Strophic stage', 'Granulomatous stage', 'Cicatricial stage']","output":"Granulomatous stage"} +{"instruction":"The dose of a drug required to produce a specified effect in 50% of the population is","input":"Choices: ['Ld50', 'Td50', 'Md50', 'Ed50']","output":"Ed50"} +{"instruction":"Acute mastitis commonly occurs during-","input":"Choices: ['Pregnancy', 'Puberty', 'Lactation', 'Infancy']","output":"Lactation"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following β2 agonists are given by inhalation, and is suitable for both terminating acute asthma attacks as well as for twice daily prophylaxis","input":"Choices: ['Terbutaline', 'Bambuterol', 'Salmeterol', 'Formoterol']","output":"Formoterol"} +{"instruction":"Strong correlation is signified by a correlation coefficient of?","input":"Choices: ['Zero', '1', 'Less than 1', 'More than 1']","output":"1"} +{"instruction":"Bryce&;s sign is seen in","input":"Choices: ['Laryngocele', 'Post cricoid carcinoma', 'Angiofibroma', 'Chronic tonsillitis']","output":"Laryngocele"} +{"instruction":"HLA-B* 1502 is a genetic marker for","input":"Choices: ['Systemic lupus erythematosus', 'Polyaeritis nodosa', 'Steven Johnson syndrome', 'Seronegative spondy-ahritis syndrome']","output":"Steven Johnson syndrome"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is not used in the treatment of rib fracture?","input":"Choices: ['Strapping', 'Analgesic medication', 'Incentive spirometry', 'Chest Physiotherapy']","output":"Strapping"} +{"instruction":"Number of beds in CHC is?","input":"Choices: ['20', '30', '40', '50']","output":"30"} +{"instruction":"Eisenmenger syndrome is characterized by all except:","input":"Choices: ['Return of left ventricle & right ventricle to normal size', 'Pulmonary veins not distended.', 'Pruning of peridpheral pulmonary aeries', 'Dilatation of central pulmonary aeries']","output":"Return of left ventricle & right ventricle to normal size"} +{"instruction":"Hypercalcemia caused by -","input":"Choices: ['Thyrotoxicosis', 'VnDiotoneation', 'Saroidosis', 'Furosemide']","output":"Thyrotoxicosis"} +{"instruction":"All are causes of chronic granulomatous uveitis except-","input":"Choices: ['Sarcoidosis', 'Tuberculosis', 'Brucellosis', 'Fuchs heterochromic iridocyclitis']","output":"Fuchs heterochromic iridocyclitis"} +{"instruction":"Which one of the following preferentially activates plasminogen bound to fibrin and avoids the systemic lytic state :","input":"Choices: ['Streptokinase', 'Aminocaproic acid', 'Tranexamic acid', 'Alteplase']","output":"Alteplase"} +{"instruction":"All of the following are coverings of a mature graffian follicle, except ?","input":"Choices: ['Theca externa', 'Theca interna', 'Germinal cells', 'Granulosa cells']","output":"Germinal cells"} +{"instruction":"All of the following show compression osteosynthesis except:","input":"Choices: ['Dynamic compression plates.', 'Champys mini plates.', 'Eccentric compression plates.', 'Lag screw.']","output":"Champys mini plates."} +{"instruction":"Epithelium of \"Trigone of bladder\" is derived from","input":"Choices: ['Vesicourethral Canal', 'Mesoderm', 'Splanchnopleuric Mesoderm', 'Urachus']","output":"Mesoderm"} +{"instruction":"Earliest symptom in acute appendicitis is:","input":"Choices: ['Pain', 'Fever', 'Vomiting', 'Rise of pulse rate']","output":"Pain"} +{"instruction":"A segment of an eucaryotic gene that is not represented in the mature mRNA, is known as:","input":"Choices: ['Exon', 'Intron', 'Plasmid', 'TATA box']","output":"Intron"} +{"instruction":"Relaxation of skeletal muscle occurs by","input":"Choices: ['Removal of Acetylcholine from synaptic cleft', 'Closure of nicotinic cholinergic receptor', 'Binding of calcium with troponin', 'Removal of sarcoplasmic calcium']","output":"Removal of sarcoplasmic calcium"} +{"instruction":"Lymph mode metastasis in neck is almost never seen with:","input":"Choices: ['Carcinoma vocal cords', 'Supraglottic carcinoma', 'Carcinoma of tonsil', 'Papillary carcinoma thyroids']","output":"Carcinoma vocal cords"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is the MOST common site of cholangiocarcinoma?","input":"Choices: ['Distal biliary duct', 'Hilum', 'Intrahepatic duct', 'Multifocal']","output":"Hilum"} +{"instruction":"Sudden discontinuation of which of the following drugs can cause agitation, anxiety and insomnia?","input":"Choices: ['Imipramine', 'Valproate', 'Olanzapine', 'Venlafaxine']","output":"Venlafaxine"} +{"instruction":"A 30 year old primipara in labor with transverse lie treatment of choice is","input":"Choices: ['Internal cephalic version', 'Emergency cesarean section', 'Wait and watch', 'External cephalic version']","output":"Emergency cesarean section"} +{"instruction":"Progesterone pills act by which of the following mechanism?","input":"Choices: ['Thickening of cervical mucus', 'Inhibiting ovulation', 'Causing aseptic inflammation in endometrium', 'Destruction of embryo']","output":"Thickening of cervical mucus"} +{"instruction":"Preferred bacteriological indicator of faecal contamination of water: March 2012","input":"Choices: ['Faecal streptococci', 'Cl. prefringens', 'Faecal staphylococci', 'E.coli']","output":"E.coli"} +{"instruction":"Which one of the following muscles of thumb is not supplied by median nerve","input":"Choices: ['Adductor pollicis brevis', 'Flexor pollicis brevis', 'Opponens pollicis', 'Abductor pollicis brevis']","output":"Adductor pollicis brevis"} +{"instruction":"Daily additional requirement of protein in lactation is -","input":"Choices: ['25 gm', '15 gm', '35 gm', '50 gm']","output":"25 gm"} +{"instruction":"Decrease in GFR is apparent in which of the following stages of Chronic Kidney Disease","input":"Choices: ['Stage I', 'Stage II', 'Stage III', 'Stage IV']","output":"Stage II"} +{"instruction":"True about early gastric cancer is","input":"Choices: ['Limited to serosa', 'Chemotherapy', 'Lymph node metastasis present', 'Limited to mucosa and submucosa']","output":"Limited to mucosa and submucosa"} +{"instruction":"A patient with abdominal pain shows \"coffee bean\" sign in plain abdominal X-ray. He probably have:","input":"Choices: ['Colon carcinoma', 'Duodenal atresia', 'Acute pancreatitis', 'Sigmoid volvulus']","output":"Sigmoid volvulus"} +{"instruction":"Engagement of fetal head is:","input":"Choices: ['When the occiput has gone below the pelvic inlet', 'When the widest diameter of the presenting pa has passed through the pelvic inlet', 'When the presenting pa can be pushed into the pelvic cavity', 'Synonymous with fixation of head']","output":"When the widest diameter of the presenting pa has passed through the pelvic inlet"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following subtance is toxic to neurons?","input":"Choices: ['Unconjugated bilirubin', 'Bile salt', 'Haemoglobin', 'Melanin']","output":"Unconjugated bilirubin"} +{"instruction":"An 8 year old boy presented with fever and cough. Chest x ray was done with the following finding- Which of the following is the abnormality leading to above chest x ray finding?","input":"Choices: ['Atrial septum development', 'Spiral septum development', 'Valvular development', 'Cardiac looping']","output":"Cardiac looping"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is not affected in leprosy: September 2011","input":"Choices: ['Uterus', 'Testes', 'Nerve', 'Eye']","output":"Uterus"} +{"instruction":"Most common presentation in congenital rubella syndrome is-","input":"Choices: ['Salt and pepper retinopathy', 'Low birth weight', 'Nerve deafness', 'Patent ductus arteriosus']","output":"Nerve deafness"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following adverse effect can occur even after the offending drug has been withdrawn a long time back ?","input":"Choices: ['Paradoxical tachycardia', 'Tardive dyskinesia', 'Malignant hyperthermia', 'Gynaecomastia']","output":"Tardive dyskinesia"} +{"instruction":"Middle superior alveolar nerve supplies upper premolar teeth. It is a branch of:","input":"Choices: ['Mandibular division of trigeminal nerve', 'Palatine division of maxillary nerve', 'Anterior nasal division of maxillary nerve', 'Infraorbital nerve']","output":"Infraorbital nerve"} +{"instruction":"Vomiting with coffee brown vomitus is seen in","input":"Choices: ['Oxalic acid poisoning', 'Sulphuric acid poisoning', 'Nitric acid poisoning', 'Carbolic acid poisoning']","output":"Oxalic acid poisoning"} +{"instruction":"Tearing of the skin and subcutaneous tissue is called:","input":"Choices: ['Abrasion', 'Laceration', 'Contussion', 'Avulsion']","output":"Laceration"} +{"instruction":"Labour is said to be prolonged when the first and second stage extend arbitrarily beyond:","input":"Choices: ['12 hours', '18 hours', '24 hours', '6 hours']","output":"18 hours"} +{"instruction":"All of the following brace are used in scoliosis except?","input":"Choices: ['Milwaukee', 'Risser', \"Boston's\", 'Minerva']","output":"Minerva"} +{"instruction":"In urinary system disease, GI symptoms appears because of :","input":"Choices: ['Chemical reaction', 'Renogastric reflex', 'Peritoneal reaction', 'Reflux phenomenon']","output":"Renogastric reflex"} +{"instruction":"Human development index (HDI) includes all except","input":"Choices: ['Adult literacy rate', 'Infant moality rate', 'Per capita income', 'Life expectancy at bih']","output":"Infant moality rate"} +{"instruction":"Widmark's formula is used for estimating ?","input":"Choices: ['Time since death', 'Stature of a person', 'Quantity of alcohol consumed', 'Time since infliction of injury']","output":"Quantity of alcohol consumed"} +{"instruction":"Histidine load test is done for","input":"Choices: ['Histidine deficiency', 'Folic acid deficiency', 'Glutamate deficiency', 'Vitamin B12 deficiency']","output":"Folic acid deficiency"} +{"instruction":"In corneal reflex efferent is carried by","input":"Choices: ['occulomotor', 'trochlear', 'abducens', 'facial']","output":"facial"} +{"instruction":"A widely used drug that suppresses cellular immunity, inhibits prostaglandin and leukotrine synthesis and increases the catabolism of IgG antibody is:","input":"Choices: ['Cyclophosphamide', 'Prednisone', 'Cyclosporine', 'Infliximab']","output":"Prednisone"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following microorganism has sterol in the cell wall?","input":"Choices: ['Mycoplasma', 'Virus', 'Fungi', 'Protozoa']","output":"Mycoplasma"} +{"instruction":"Detection of aneuploidy in 1st trimester:","input":"Choices: ['hCG and PAPP-A', 'hCG and AFP', 'hCG, PAPP-A and AFP', 'AFP and estriol']","output":"hCG and PAPP-A"} +{"instruction":"Keshan cardiomegaly occur due to deficiency of:-","input":"Choices: ['Selenium', 'Copper', 'Zinc', 'Iron']","output":"Selenium"} +{"instruction":"The most common underlying anomaly in a child with recurrent urinary tract infection is:","input":"Choices: ['Posterior urethral valves', 'Vesicoureteric reflux', 'Neurogenic bladder', 'Renal calculi']","output":"Vesicoureteric reflux"} +{"instruction":"Inclusion conjunctivitis is caused by-","input":"Choices: ['Trachoma', 'Pneumococcus', 'Candida', 'Neisseria']","output":"Trachoma"} +{"instruction":"NOT a definitive sign of pregnancy:","input":"Choices: ['Fetal skeleton on X-ray', 'Fetal hea sounds', 'Ultrasound examination', 'Amenorrhea']","output":"Amenorrhea"} +{"instruction":"Which is not a liver fluke -","input":"Choices: ['Paragoniomus', 'Whipworm', 'Clonorchis sinensis', 'Gnathostoma spinigerum']","output":"Paragoniomus"} +{"instruction":"Drug useful in breast cancer is","input":"Choices: ['Tamoxifen', 'Cyprotenene', 'Testosterone', 'Chlorambucil']","output":"Tamoxifen"} +{"instruction":"Carbon Monoxide Poisoning leads to?","input":"Choices: ['Histotoxic hypoxia', 'Stagnant hypoxia', 'Hypoxic hypoxia', 'Anemic hypoxia']","output":"Anemic hypoxia"} +{"instruction":"Drug not used for treatment of acute Hyperkalemia is:","input":"Choices: ['Insulin + glucose', 'Potassium exchange resins', 'Calcium carbonate', 'Sodium bicarbonate']","output":"Potassium exchange resins"} +{"instruction":"The symptoms of Hyperparathyroidism include -","input":"Choices: ['Constipation & muscle weakness', 'Anorexia & weight loss', 'Polydipsia & polyuria', 'All of the above']","output":"All of the above"} +{"instruction":"The cranial nerve most commonly involved in malignant otitis externa is?","input":"Choices: ['3rd', '4th', '6th', '7th']","output":"7th"} +{"instruction":"ECT is useful in","input":"Choices: ['Mania (Acute)', 'Chronic Schizophrenia', 'Acute Depression', 'Pannic Disorder']","output":"Acute Depression"} +{"instruction":"Fibroma combined with glandular tissue is","input":"Choices: ['Neurofibroma', 'Fibroadenoma', 'Fibrolipoma', 'Fibromyoma']","output":"Fibroadenoma"} +{"instruction":"All are primary levels of prevention except","input":"Choices: ['Health promotion', 'Specific protection', 'Early diagnosis and treatment', 'Immunization']","output":"Early diagnosis and treatment"} +{"instruction":"Prions are killed by","input":"Choices: ['Autoclave and NaOH', 'Ethylene dioxide', 'Gamma radiation', 'Autoclave']","output":"Autoclave and NaOH"} +{"instruction":"LGV (lymphogranuloma venerum) is caused by ?","input":"Choices: ['Treponema pallidum', 'Chlamydia trachomatis', 'Calymmatobacter granulomatosis', 'H Ducreyi']","output":"Chlamydia trachomatis"} +{"instruction":"IOC for diffuse axonal injury is -","input":"Choices: ['Radiograph', 'CT Scan', 'MRI', 'PET Scan']","output":"MRI"} +{"instruction":"Normal axial length of the eye -","input":"Choices: ['18mm', '20 mm', '24mm', '28 mm']","output":"24mm"} +{"instruction":"All the following indicates early gastric cancer except:","input":"Choices: ['Involvement of mucosa', 'Involvement of mucosa and submucosa', 'Involvement of mucosa, submucosa and muscularis', 'Involvement of mucosa, submucosa and adjacent lymph nodes']","output":"Involvement of mucosa, submucosa and muscularis"} +{"instruction":"Source of energy in Kreb cycle is","input":"Choices: ['NAD', 'NADP', 'NADPH', 'NADH']","output":"NADH"} +{"instruction":"Example for radiation induced cancer is:","input":"Choices: ['Papillary carcinoma thyroid', 'Follicular carcinoma thyroid', 'Lymphoma', 'Hepatoma']","output":"Papillary carcinoma thyroid"} +{"instruction":"Which one of the following is not a pa of the Revised Trauma score?","input":"Choices: ['Glasgow coma scale', 'Systolic blood pressure', 'Pulse rate', 'Respiratory rate']","output":"Pulse rate"} +{"instruction":"Perforins are produced bya) Cytotoxic T cellsb) Suppressor T cellsc) Memory helper T cellsd) Plasma cellse) NK cells","input":"Choices: ['a', 'b', 'ae', 'ad']","output":"ae"} +{"instruction":"False about Varicocele is?","input":"Choices: ['Dilated pampiniform plexus veins', 'More common on right side', 'Doppler USG is best investigation', 'Abnormality increases on Valsalva']","output":"More common on right side"} +{"instruction":"Tolvapton is a\/an -","input":"Choices: ['Angiotensin antagonist', 'Renin inhibitor', 'Vasopressin antagonist', 'ACE inhibitor']","output":"Vasopressin antagonist"} +{"instruction":"Asbestosis causes all except","input":"Choices: ['Shaggy hea borders', 'Honeycombing', 'Hilar lymphadenopathy', 'Basal peribronchial fibrosis']","output":"Hilar lymphadenopathy"} +{"instruction":"Which vaccine need NOT be given to boys: September 2004","input":"Choices: ['Mumps', 'German measles (Rubella)', 'Measles (Rubeola)', 'Small pox']","output":"German measles (Rubella)"} +{"instruction":"All of the following are predominant motor neuropathy except","input":"Choices: ['Acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculo neuropathy', 'Porphyric neuropathy', 'Lead intoxication', 'Arsenic intoxication']","output":"Arsenic intoxication"} +{"instruction":"All are true for transplanted kidney except -","input":"Choices: ['Humoral antibody responsible for rejection', 'CMI is responsible for rejection', 'Previous blood transfusion', 'HLA identity similarity seen in 1:100 people']","output":"HLA identity similarity seen in 1:100 people"} +{"instruction":"The following tumours commonly metastasise to the ovary, except :","input":"Choices: ['Malignant melanoma', 'Stomach', 'Oesophagus', 'Lymphoma']","output":"Oesophagus"} +{"instruction":"Property of elution is found in -","input":"Choices: ['Myxovirus', 'Togavirus', 'Parvovirus', 'Adenovirus']","output":"Myxovirus"} +{"instruction":"The sensory supply of the fallopian tube and ovary is from -","input":"Choices: ['D6 to D8', 'D8 to D10', 'D10 to D12', 'L2 to L4']","output":"D10 to D12"} +{"instruction":"A Young women with secondary amenorrhoea and galactorrhoea. MRI shows a tumous of < 10 mm diameter in the pituitary fossa. Treatment is -","input":"Choices: ['Hormonal therapy for withdrawal bleeding', 'Radiotherapy', 'Chemotherapy', 'Bromocriptine']","output":"Bromocriptine"} +{"instruction":"25 year old patient presented with mass in . iliac fossa, which after laparotomy was found to be carcinoid of 2.5 cm in diameter. What will be the next step in management?","input":"Choices: ['Segmental resection', 'Rt. hemicolectomy', 'Appendicectomy', 'Do yearly 5 HIAA assay']","output":"Rt. hemicolectomy"} +{"instruction":"Phase IV of Clinical trial is done:","input":"Choices: ['To find safety and toxicity', 'To compare with existing drugs', 'Pre marketing surveillance', 'Post marketing surveillance']","output":"Post marketing surveillance"} +{"instruction":"Fatal dose morphine is: BHU 12","input":"Choices: ['100 mg', '200 mg', '300 mg', '500 mg']","output":"200 mg"} +{"instruction":"Absent stomach bubble on antenatal ultrasonography is an important finding for antenatal diagnosis of –","input":"Choices: ['Congenital heart disease in the foetus', 'Oesophageal atresia in the foetus', 'Omphalocele in the foetus', 'Spina bifida in the foetus']","output":"Oesophageal atresia in the foetus"} +{"instruction":"The first line of treatment of open angle glaucoma is –","input":"Choices: ['Timolol', 'Pilocarpine', 'Epinephrine', 'Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor']","output":"Timolol"} +{"instruction":"Pyramidal tract involvement with absent ankle jerk is seen in :","input":"Choices: [\"Frederick's ataxia\", 'Subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord', 'Lathyrism', 'Tabes dorsalis']","output":"Frederick's ataxia"} +{"instruction":"Rate controlling enzyme of fatty acid synthesis -","input":"Choices: ['Thioesterase', 'Transacetylase', 'Acetyl-CoA carboxylase', 'Ketacyl synthase']","output":"Acetyl-CoA carboxylase"} +{"instruction":"Full-term, Small for Date babies are at high risk of –","input":"Choices: ['Hypoglycemia', 'Intraventricular haemorrhage', 'Bronchopulomonary dysplasia', 'Hyperthermia']","output":"Hypoglycemia"} +{"instruction":"Which does not cause malignant hyperthermia –","input":"Choices: ['Isoflurane', 'Desflurane', 'N2O', 'Enflurane']","output":"N2O"} +{"instruction":"Which one of the following is not a characteristic feature of rheumatoid ahritis ?","input":"Choices: ['Sacroiliitis', 'Metacarpophalangeal joint involvement', 'Symmetrical ahritis', 'Positive rheumatoid factor']","output":"Sacroiliitis"} +{"instruction":"Typhoid oral vaccine is given ?","input":"Choices: ['1, 3, 5 days', '1, 2, 3 days', '1, 2, 4 days', '1, 7, 14 days']","output":"1, 3, 5 days"} +{"instruction":"A 50-year-old woman complains of weakness, profuse watery diarrhea, and crampy abdominal pain. She reports a 10-lb weight loss. Her serum potassium is 2.8 mEq\/L. Select the most likely diagnosis.","input":"Choices: ['Watery, diarrhea, hypokalemia, and achlorhydria (WDHA) syndrome', 'Somatostatinoma', 'Glucagonoma', 'Insulinoma']","output":"Watery, diarrhea, hypokalemia, and achlorhydria (WDHA) syndrome"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is long acting insulin?","input":"Choices: ['Insulin Lispro', 'Insulin Aspart', 'Insulin Glargine', 'Insulin Glulisine']","output":"Insulin Glargine"} +{"instruction":"Narrowest part of male urethra -","input":"Choices: ['Prostatic', 'Membranous', 'Spongy', 'Penil']","output":"Membranous"} +{"instruction":"The most common manifestation of moderate\/severe hemophilia A is-","input":"Choices: ['Recurrent hemarthrosis', 'Recurrent muscle bleeding', 'Recurrent bleeding from gums', 'Recurrent Hematuria']","output":"Recurrent hemarthrosis"} +{"instruction":"Anemia of chronic renal failure -","input":"Choices: ['Normocytic normochromic anaemia', 'Erythropoietin improves the symptoms', 'Dialysis causes severe anemia', 'Anemia is propoional to the kidney disease']","output":"Normocytic normochromic anaemia"} +{"instruction":"Thimble bladder is seen in:","input":"Choices: ['TB', 'BPH', 'Malignancy', 'Schistosomiasis']","output":"TB"} +{"instruction":"The commonest earliest complication of TV and GJ is","input":"Choices: ['Stomal obstruction', 'Paralytic ileus', 'Gastric leak', 'Anastomotic Hemorrhage']","output":"Anastomotic Hemorrhage"} +{"instruction":"A 28-year-old female opts for painless labor. On administration of the epidural anesthetic, there is a sudden drop in the blood pressure. The reason for this was found to be accidental intravenous injection of the anesthetic drug. Which of the following drugs is the most likely responsible for the present condition?","input":"Choices: ['Tetracaine', 'Lignocaine', 'Ropivacaine', 'Bupivacaine']","output":"Bupivacaine"} +{"instruction":"ADEK deficiency is seen in: September 2007","input":"Choices: ['Malabsorption syndrome', 'Obstructive jaundice', 'Deficiency of pancreatic lipase', 'All of the above']","output":"All of the above"} +{"instruction":"A 45 year old man presents with hematuria. Renal biopsy demonstrates a focal necrotizing glomerulonephritis with crescent formation. The patient gives history of intermittent hemoptysis and intermittent chest pain of moderate intensity. A previous chest X-ray had demonstrated 90 multiple opacities, some of which were cavitated. The patient also has chronic cold like nasal symptoms. What is the most probable diagnosis?","input":"Choices: ['Aspergillosis', 'Polyaeritis nodosa', 'Renal carcinoma metastatic to lung', \"Wegener's granulomatosis\"]","output":"Wegener's granulomatosis"} +{"instruction":"Outdated drugs and cytotoxic wastes are disposed by:","input":"Choices: ['Dumping', 'Destruction and disposal', 'Store for month and burial', 'Incineration']","output":"Destruction and disposal"} +{"instruction":"Use of nitrous oxide is contraindicated in all of the following surgeries except ?","input":"Choices: ['Cochlear implant', 'Microlaryngeal surgery', 'Vitreoretinal surgery', 'Exentration operation']","output":"Exentration operation"} +{"instruction":"Ring enhancing brain lesion are seen in all except","input":"Choices: ['Lymphoma', 'Toxoplasmosis', 'Radiation necrosis', 'Intracranial hemorrhage']","output":"Intracranial hemorrhage"} +{"instruction":"Ladder pattern of DNA electrophoresis is seen in","input":"Choices: ['Necrosis', 'Apoptosis', 'Cytolysis', 'Karyorrhexis']","output":"Apoptosis"} +{"instruction":"Prerequisite for applying forceps are all except: September 2007","input":"Choices: ['Aftercoming head of breech', 'There should be no CPD', 'Saggital suture should be in line with transverse diameter of pelvis', 'Foetal head should be engaged']","output":"Saggital suture should be in line with transverse diameter of pelvis"} +{"instruction":"What is lethal -","input":"Choices: ['OX', 'XX', 'OY', 'XXX']","output":"OY"} +{"instruction":"Parakeratinization is seen in","input":"Choices: ['Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium', 'Non keratinized stratified squamous epithelium', 'Transitional epithelium', 'Simple squamous epithelium']","output":"Non keratinized stratified squamous epithelium"} +{"instruction":"The first ossification center of the mandible in a 6 weeks old human embryo is found in which one of the following locations?","input":"Choices: ['Future coronoid process', 'Future condylar process', 'Future mental foramen', 'Future mandibular foramen']","output":"Future mental foramen"} +{"instruction":"In a patient with enteric fever bone and joint infection is seen specially in children having -","input":"Choices: ['Aplastic anemia', 'HIV disease', 'Sickle cell disease', 'HbsAg + ve hepatitis']","output":"Sickle cell disease"} +{"instruction":"All nerves are involved in superior orbital fissure syndrome except -","input":"Choices: ['1st', '3rd', '4th', '6th']","output":"1st"} +{"instruction":"The following is a marker of acute hepatitis B infection","input":"Choices: ['DNA polymerase', 'Hepatitis core antigen', 'Anti HBs', 'IgG to core antigen']","output":"DNA polymerase"} +{"instruction":"Commonly used grading for abruption placenta:","input":"Choices: ['Page', 'Johnson', 'Macafee', 'Apt']","output":"Page"} +{"instruction":"Bilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy is seen in all except","input":"Choices: ['Thyroid carcinoma', 'Lymphadenopathy', 'Thyroid surgery', 'Aoic aneurysm']","output":"Aoic aneurysm"} +{"instruction":"8 Year old boy presented with swelling on both\nsides of the face, below the ears of 4 days duration.\nIt first started on the left side and then 3 days later on the right side\n\nPossible diagnosis will be","input":"Choices: ['Bacterial sialadenitis', 'Sialadenosis', 'Epidemic parotitis', 'Sialadenitis']","output":"Epidemic parotitis"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is Climber's muscle -","input":"Choices: ['Serratus anterior', 'Lattissimus Dorsi', 'Rhomboidus major', 'Subscapu laris']","output":"Lattissimus Dorsi"} +{"instruction":"Epithelial Tumour of Stomach is","input":"Choices: ['GIST', 'Carcinoid tumour', 'Sarcoma', 'Granular cell tumour']","output":"Carcinoid tumour"} +{"instruction":"IgA deposition in mesangial cells arr seen in","input":"Choices: ['Good Pasteur syndrome', 'Berger syndrome', 'Cresentic glomerulonephritis', 'Alpo syndrome']","output":"Berger syndrome"} +{"instruction":"HIV affects which of the following most commonly","input":"Choices: ['Helper cells', 'Suppressor cell', \"RBC's\", 'Platelets']","output":"Helper cells"} +{"instruction":"Mammography can be best used in?","input":"Choices: ['Early breast carcinoma', 'Mastitis', 'Fibroadenoma', 'Phylloides tumor']","output":"Early breast carcinoma"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is not a suppo of the uterus?","input":"Choices: ['Urogenital diaphragm', 'Pelvic diaphragm', 'Perineal body', 'Rectovaginal septum']","output":"Rectovaginal septum"} +{"instruction":"Route of administration of Influenza vaccine","input":"Choices: ['Subcutaneous', 'Oral', 'Intranasal', 'Intradermal']","output":"Intranasal"} +{"instruction":"Appearance of basal cells in cylindroma","input":"Choices: ['Honey comb', 'Swiss cheese', 'Both', 'None']","output":"Both"} +{"instruction":"Pseudo P Pulmonale seen in","input":"Choices: ['Hypokalemia', 'Hyperkalemia', 'Hypomagnesemia', 'Hypercalcemia']","output":"Hypokalemia"} +{"instruction":"Postmortem finding in carbon monoxide poisoning is-","input":"Choices: ['Cherry red blood', 'Intense cyanosis', 'Excessive salivation', 'Pin point pupil']","output":"Cherry red blood"} +{"instruction":"Plasma half-life of carbimazole is:","input":"Choices: ['4 hours', '8 hours', '16 hours', '24 hours']","output":"8 hours"} +{"instruction":"Between 2 countries mortality compared best by -","input":"Choices: ['Age adjusted rates', 'Crude rates', 'Proportional rates', 'None']","output":"Age adjusted rates"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following drugs is used for termination as well as prophylaxis of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia?","input":"Choices: ['Digoxin', 'Verapamil', 'Propanolol', 'Quinidine']","output":"Verapamil"} +{"instruction":"Commonest site of obstetric injury leading to uretero vaginal fistula :","input":"Choices: ['Infundibulo pelvic ligament', 'Vaginal vault', 'Distal to uterine aery near vaginal vault', 'Below cardinal ligament where uterine aery crosses']","output":"Infundibulo pelvic ligament"} +{"instruction":"Most common indication for pediatric liver transplant?","input":"Choices: ['Wilson disease', 'Biliary atresia', 'Neonatal hepatitis', 'Cystic fibrosis']","output":"Biliary atresia"} +{"instruction":"Risus-sardonicus term used in:","input":"Choices: ['Rabies', 'Tetanus', 'Syphilis', 'Frost-bite']","output":"Tetanus"} +{"instruction":"H. pylori is found in:","input":"Choices: ['Epithelium', 'Mucosa', 'Muscularis mucosa', 'Adventitia']","output":"Mucosa"} +{"instruction":"Type I Tyrosinemia is caused by:","input":"Choices: ['Tyrosine transaminase', 'Fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase', '4 Hydroxy phenyl pyruvate hydroxylase', 'Maleyl acetoacetate isomerase']","output":"Fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase"} +{"instruction":"Hot nodule in liver scan is due to(NOT RELAVENT TO PHARMACOLOGY)","input":"Choices: ['Hepatic adenoma', 'Focal nodular hyperplasia', 'Metastasis', 'HCC']","output":"Focal nodular hyperplasia"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following anticancer drugs can cross blood brain barrier ?","input":"Choices: ['Cisplatin', 'Nitrosourea', 'Vincristine', 'Vinblastine']","output":"Nitrosourea"} +{"instruction":"All the following are contents of cavernous sinus EXCEPT","input":"Choices: ['Occulomotor nerve', 'Abducens nerve', 'Mandibular nerve', 'Maxillary nerve']","output":"Mandibular nerve"} +{"instruction":"Most common cause of brain metastases","input":"Choices: ['Lung', 'Liver', 'Breast', 'Melanoma']","output":"Lung"} +{"instruction":"A 77-year-old woman experiences a sudden loss of consciousness, with loss of movement on the right side of the body. Cerebral angiography shows an occlusion of the left middle cerebral artery. Elaboration of which of the following mediators will be most beneficial in preventing further ischemic injury to her cerebral cortex?","input":"Choices: ['Bradykinin', 'Leukotriene E4', 'Nitric oxide', 'Platelet-activating factor']","output":"Nitric oxide"} +{"instruction":"Liver is divided into","input":"Choices: ['8 Couinaud segments', '7 Couinaud segments', '9 Couinaud segments', '10 Couinaud segments']","output":"8 Couinaud segments"} +{"instruction":"Kata thermometer is used to measure: September 2007","input":"Choices: ['Air pressure', 'Degree of hotness in air', 'Air cooling power', 'Air density']","output":"Air cooling power"} +{"instruction":"Puerperium is the period","input":"Choices: ['6wks following delivery', '3wks following delivery', '2wks following delivery', '1wk following delivery']","output":"6wks following delivery"} +{"instruction":"A woman has bilateral headache that worsens with emotional stress : she has two children, both doing badly in school diagnosis is -","input":"Choices: ['Migraine', 'Cluster headache', 'Tension headache', 'Trigeminal neuralgia']","output":"Tension headache"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is\/are not local anesthesia:","input":"Choices: ['Bupivacine', 'Mepivacine', 'Mivacurium', 'All']","output":"Mivacurium"} +{"instruction":"The assembly of secondary structural units into larger functional units such as the mature \npolypeptide and its component domains is","input":"Choices: ['Primary structure', 'Secondary structure', 'Tertiary structure', 'Quaternary structure']","output":"Tertiary structure"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is a pro drug is ?","input":"Choices: ['Levodopa', 'Poiglitazone', 'Dexamethasone', 'Captopril']","output":"Levodopa"} +{"instruction":"What is the amount of time required by erupting premolar to move through 1 mm of bone as measured on a bite-wing radiograph?","input":"Choices: ['3-4 months', '4-5 months', '5-6 months', '6-7 months']","output":"4-5 months"} +{"instruction":"Most common type of carcinoma lung is-","input":"Choices: ['Small cell carcinoma', 'Adenocarcinoma', 'Squamous cell carcinoma', 'Large cell carcinoma']","output":"Adenocarcinoma"} +{"instruction":"Most common site of urethral carcinoma in men is:","input":"Choices: ['Penile urethra', 'Bulbomembranous urethra', 'Prostatic urethra', 'Fossa nevicularis']","output":"Bulbomembranous urethra"} +{"instruction":"All of the following are true about cryptorchidism, except","input":"Choices: ['Cryptorchidism is a risk factor for testicular tumor', 'Seminoma is the most common tumor', 'Contalateral testis is also at risk', 'Orchidopexy reduces the risk of malignancy']","output":"Orchidopexy reduces the risk of malignancy"} +{"instruction":"In Gestational hypeension, Hypeension should resolve by -----weeks in the postpaum period?","input":"Choices: ['2weeks', '6weeks', '8weeks', '12weeks']","output":"12weeks"} +{"instruction":"In surgical procedures NOTES, entry point is through:-","input":"Choices: ['Abdomen', 'Umbilicus', 'Mouth', 'Axilla']","output":"Mouth"} +{"instruction":"Serum glucose levels in children > 2 months with hypoglycaemia is ?","input":"Choices: ['< 40 mg\/dL', '< 45 mg\/dL', '< 50 mg\/dL', '< 54 mg\/dL']","output":"< 54 mg\/dL"} +{"instruction":"True about iron deficiency anemia in children – a) Iron absorption from terminal ileumb) Cow milk contain less iron than breast milkc) Serum ferritin depletes firstd) Decreased alertnesse) Decreased Red cell distribution width (RDW)","input":"Choices: ['ab', 'bc', 'cd', 'ac']","output":"cd"} +{"instruction":"Common inhabitant of throat and tonsils is","input":"Choices: ['Alpha hemolytic streptococci (S. viridans)', 'Staphylococci', 'Beta hemolytic streptococci', 'Pneumococci']","output":"Alpha hemolytic streptococci (S. viridans)"} +{"instruction":"In a bell-shaped standard normal curve, mean +-2 standard detions covers:","input":"Choices: ['60%', '65%', '95%', '99%']","output":"95%"} +{"instruction":"Intention tremors are seen in lesion of: March 2012, March 2013","input":"Choices: ['Basal ganglia', 'Temporal lobe', 'Frontal lobe', 'Cerebellum']","output":"Cerebellum"} +{"instruction":"Depth of anaesthesia can be best assessed by -","input":"Choices: ['Pulse oximeter', 'End-tidal pCO2', 'Bispectral index', 'Acid blood gas analysis']","output":"Bispectral index"} +{"instruction":"Insulin dependent glucose uptake is not seen in ?","input":"Choices: ['Skeletal muscles', 'Hea', 'Adipose tissue', 'Kidney']","output":"Kidney"} +{"instruction":"All are fibric acid derivatives except -","input":"Choices: ['Clofibrate', 'Gemfibrozil', 'Fenofibrate', 'Lovastatin']","output":"Lovastatin"} +{"instruction":"Least commonly seen in conduct disorder seen in girls:-","input":"Choices: ['Run away from home', 'High risk sexual behavior', 'Physical aggression', 'Emotional bullying']","output":"Physical aggression"} +{"instruction":"Which parasite causes Cholangiocarcinoma","input":"Choices: ['Fasciola hepatica', 'Fasciola buski', 'Clonorchis sinensis', 'Paragonimus westermani']","output":"Clonorchis sinensis"} +{"instruction":"Hoarseness secondary to bronchogenic carcinoma is usually due to extension of the tumour into -","input":"Choices: ['Vocal cord', 'Superior laryngeal nerve', 'Left recurrent laryngeal nerve', 'Right vagus nerve']","output":"Left recurrent laryngeal nerve"} +{"instruction":"When ohotoludine reagents is adeed to water and if free chlorine is present, what colour will be produced?","input":"Choices: ['Pink', 'Yellow', 'Green', 'Red']","output":"Yellow"} +{"instruction":"Which one of the following is not a feature of multiple mycloma?","input":"Choices: ['Hypercalcemia', 'Anemia', 'Hyperviscosity', 'Elevated alkaline phosphatase']","output":"Elevated alkaline phosphatase"} +{"instruction":"Regarding insulin management during labor all are true except","input":"Choices: ['Usual dose of intermediate - acting insulin is given at bedtime.', 'Morning dose of insulin is with held.', 'Once labor begins, normal saline infusion is changed to 5 % dextrose.', 'Blood glucose level during labor should be maintained above 140mg \/ dL.']","output":"Blood glucose level during labor should be maintained above 140mg \/ dL."} +{"instruction":"The auricle develops from:","input":"Choices: ['1st branchial cleft', '1st branchial arch', '1st, 2nd and 3rd branchial arch', '1st and 2nd branchial arch']","output":"1st and 2nd branchial arch"} +{"instruction":"Radical mastoidectomy includes all except -","input":"Choices: ['Closure of the auditory tube', 'Ossicles removed', 'Cochlea removed', 'Exteriorisation of mastoid']","output":"Cochlea removed"} +{"instruction":"The list of all units in a population is called:-","input":"Choices: ['Random sampling', 'Sampling Frame', 'Bias', 'Parameter']","output":"Sampling Frame"} +{"instruction":"Mercury poison acts on:","input":"Choices: ['Proximal convoluted tubule', 'Distal convoluted tubule', 'Loop of Henle', 'Collecting ducts']","output":"Proximal convoluted tubule"} +{"instruction":"All are true regarding dengue fever except:","input":"Choices: ['Common in south Asian region', 'Subclinical cases are not seen', 'Transmitted by Aedes aegypti', 'Thrombocytopenia']","output":"Subclinical cases are not seen"} +{"instruction":"A 22-year-old male presented with fever and increasing dyspnea. On features suggestive of acute bronchitis and respiratory distress were seen. He gave history of frequent episodes of haemoptysis, sinusitis, pneumothorax and fatty stools in the past for which he has been hospitalized in multiple times. RFTs and LFTs were deranged USG abdomen -cirrhotic changes in the liver and multiple renal calculi X-ray chest- signs of necrotizing pneumonia Sputum culture- non fermenting colonies which were mucoid and oxidase positive seen Which of the following drug can be used to treat the above organism: -","input":"Choices: ['IV plus inhaled colistin', 'IM Streptomycin', 'IV Meropenem + inhaled tobramycin', 'IV Ceftriaxone']","output":"IV Meropenem + inhaled tobramycin"} +{"instruction":"A patient of acute myocardial infarction being treated in intensive care unit developed left ventricular failure with raised central venous pressure. Doctor on duty decided to use nitroglycerine. Which route of administration would be most suitable?","input":"Choices: ['Sublingual', 'Oral', 'Intravenous bolus injection', 'Slow intravenous infusion']","output":"Slow intravenous infusion"} +{"instruction":"An anxiolytic benzodiazepine which is also antidepressant : September 2007","input":"Choices: ['Lorazepam', 'Oxazepam', 'Alprazolam', 'Chlordiazepoxid']","output":"Alprazolam"} +{"instruction":"Absolute contraindication to Hormone replacement therapy","input":"Choices: ['Osteoporosis', 'Otosclerosis', 'Colon cancer', 'Premature menopause']","output":"Otosclerosis"} +{"instruction":"Risk factors of pull!' embolism -","input":"Choices: ['30 yrs female of OCPs', 'Pregnancy', \"Behcet's disease\", 'All of the above']","output":"All of the above"} +{"instruction":"Iron depostion line at edge of pterygium on corneal epithelium is known as?","input":"Choices: [\"Stocker's line\", 'KF Ring', 'Fleischer ring', 'Ferrys line']","output":"Stocker's line"} +{"instruction":"Brown colored urine is seen in the -","input":"Choices: ['Nitric acid poisoning', 'Carbolic acid poisoning', 'Sulphuric acid poisoning', 'Hydrochloric acid poisoning']","output":"Nitric acid poisoning"} +{"instruction":"The enzyme not present in the skeletal muscles","input":"Choices: ['Creatinine phosphokinase', 'Hexokinae', 'Phosphofructokinase', 'Glucose 6 phosphatase']","output":"Glucose 6 phosphatase"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is not an anti androgenic drug ?","input":"Choices: ['Flutamide', 'Spironolactone', 'Finasteride', 'Cypionate']","output":"Cypionate"} +{"instruction":"La facies sympathique\" is a condition seen in cases of","input":"Choices: ['Hanging', 'Strangulation', 'Myocardial insufficiency', 'Railway accidents']","output":"Hanging"} +{"instruction":"Rubeola refers to","input":"Choices: ['German measles', 'Measles', 'Small pox', 'Chicken pox']","output":"Measles"} +{"instruction":"Triple test includes all EXCEPT -","input":"Choices: ['Inhibin A', 'AFP', 'HCG', 'UE3']","output":"Inhibin A"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following tests measure stereoacuity","input":"Choices: ['Ishiara', 'Pielle robinson', 'Randot stereoacuity test', \"Snellen's cha\"]","output":"Randot stereoacuity test"} +{"instruction":"Coarse 'Popcorn' calcification on mammogram is due to:","input":"Choices: ['Fibroadenoma', 'Fat necrosis', 'Carcinoma in situ', 'Phylloides tumour']","output":"Fibroadenoma"} +{"instruction":"In a child, non-functioning kidney is Best dignosed by","input":"Choices: ['Ultrasonography', 'IVU', 'DTPA renogram', 'Creatinine clearance']","output":"DTPA renogram"} +{"instruction":"Reverse Coarctation is seen in","input":"Choices: ['Giant cell arteritis', 'Takayasu arteritis', 'Polyarteritis nodosa', 'Microscopic polyangitis']","output":"Takayasu arteritis"} +{"instruction":"Fastest acting antithyroid drug is","input":"Choices: ['KI', 'Propylthiouracil', 'Carbimazole', 'Cholestyramine']","output":"KI"} +{"instruction":"Etiology of Pityriasis rosea is: March 2012","input":"Choices: ['M. furfur', 'Herpes virus', 'Autoimmune', 'Staphylococcus']","output":"Herpes virus"} +{"instruction":"Ring chromosome is a result of?","input":"Choices: ['Deletion', 'Inversion', 'Duplication', 'Translocation']","output":"Deletion"} +{"instruction":"Sphincter of Oddi consists of -","input":"Choices: ['2 sphincters', '3 sphincters', '4 sphincters', '5 sphincters']","output":"3 sphincters"} +{"instruction":"Fever, clubbing and Osler's nodes occur in:","input":"Choices: ['Typhoid fever', 'Rheumatic fever', 'Infective endocarditis', 'Leptospirosis']","output":"Infective endocarditis"} +{"instruction":"A 40 years old male was brought to the emergency with severe abdominal pain. On examination, pulse rate was 112\/minute and systolic BP was 80 mm Hg. Chest X-ray is given below. What is the most appropriate management?","input":"Choices: ['Exploratory laparotomy', 'Intercostal tube drainage', 'Saline wash of stomach', 'IV antibiotics']","output":"Exploratory laparotomy"} +{"instruction":"Nitroprusside active metabolite acts by:","input":"Choices: ['Phosphokinase 1,2', 'Guanylyl cyclase', 'Phospholipase A', 'Phospholipase B']","output":"Guanylyl cyclase"} +{"instruction":"Which is the most likely to cause pulp necrosis?","input":"Choices: ['Subluxation', 'Extrusion', 'Avulsion', 'Concussion']","output":"Avulsion"} +{"instruction":"Function of the maxillary sinus is:","input":"Choices: ['Protects the skull against mechanical shock.', 'Defence against bacterial infection.', 'It warms and moistens the inspired air.', 'All of the Above.']","output":"All of the Above."} +{"instruction":"Most common site of eosinophilic granuloma ?","input":"Choices: ['Radius', 'Femur', 'Skull', 'Lumbar veebrae']","output":"Skull"} +{"instruction":"A person was brought by police from the railway platform. He is talking irrelevant. He is having a dry mouth with hot skin, dilated pupils, staggering gait and slurred speech. The most probable diagnosis is -","input":"Choices: ['Alcohol intoxication', 'Carbamates poisoning', 'Organophosphorus poisoning', 'Datura poisoning']","output":"Datura poisoning"} +{"instruction":"Investigation of choice for diagnosis and staging of renal cell carcinoma","input":"Choices: ['USG', 'CECT', 'IVP', 'MRI']","output":"CECT"} +{"instruction":"Which vaccine is recommended in disasters -","input":"Choices: ['Typhoid', 'Cholera', 'BCG', 'Diphtheria']","output":"Diphtheria"} +{"instruction":"The patient presented with loss of extension at knee joint with decreased sensation over anterior aspect of thigh. The nerve damaged is:","input":"Choices: ['Obturator', 'Femoral', 'Common peroneal', 'Tibial']","output":"Femoral"} +{"instruction":"A 34 year old male with the chest trauma presents with sudden onset respiratory distress which is increasing. Hyper-resonant note is observed on the left side. Which of the following is the most appropriate immediate emergent management.?","input":"Choices: ['Needle punture and emergent decompression', 'Tube inseion', 'Antibiotic and oxygen', 'No treatment needed']","output":"Needle punture and emergent decompression"} +{"instruction":"Cystatin C is used for ?","input":"Choices: ['Diagnosis of acute renal failure', 'Transplant survival', 'Sepsis', 'Pancreatitis']","output":"Diagnosis of acute renal failure"} +{"instruction":"The ADA specification No 1 for composition of amalgam alloy, recommends,","input":"Choices: ['65% silver, 32% tin and 3% copper', '49% silver, 32% tin and 19% copper', '65% silver, 29% tin and 5-6% copper', 'None of the above']","output":"65% silver, 29% tin and 5-6% copper"} +{"instruction":"Most common site of veebral compression fracture is","input":"Choices: ['C5-C6', 'C7-T1', 'T12-L1', 'L5-S1']","output":"T12-L1"} +{"instruction":"In bone infarcts, all are true except:","input":"Choices: ['Dysbaric osteonecrosis are commonly juxta aicular', \"Occur in Gaucher's disease\", 'Occur in thalassaemia major', 'Are often diaphyseal in sickle cell disease']","output":"Occur in thalassaemia major"} +{"instruction":"A child develop skin tumor with blisters on exposure to sunlight. Irregular dark spots on the skin were also found. He is very likely has defect in which of the following mechanism?","input":"Choices: ['Thymidine dimmers repair', 'Base excision repair', 'Mismatch repair', 'Double strand break repair']","output":"Thymidine dimmers repair"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is not a neuroparasite?","input":"Choices: ['Acantamoeba', 'Naegleria fowleri', 'Taenia solium', 'Trichinella spiralis']","output":"Trichinella spiralis"} +{"instruction":"Half life of I 131 is: (Repeat)","input":"Choices: ['13 days', '8 days', '2 days', '12 hours']","output":"8 days"} +{"instruction":"Sago grain like vesicular eruption is seen in-","input":"Choices: ['Pompholyx', 'Seborrhoeic dermatitis', 'Atopic dermatitis', 'Syphilis']","output":"Pompholyx"} +{"instruction":"All structures are posterior relations of except -","input":"Choices: ['Appendix', 'Greater omentum', 'Psoas major', 'Femoral nerve']","output":"Greater omentum"} +{"instruction":"Fluoride in any form is contraindicated in:","input":"Choices: ['Chronic renal failure', 'Osteoporosis', 'Hypertension', 'Thyrotoxicosis']","output":"Chronic renal failure"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is absorbed in the proximal intestine-","input":"Choices: ['Iron', 'Electrolytes', 'Bile salts', 'Vitamin B12']","output":"Iron"} +{"instruction":"All of the following are true about Von willibrand factor except:","input":"Choices: ['Syntheszied by hepatocytes', 'Its deficiency can cause factor 8 defect also', 'Its deficiency can cause problem with platelet adhesion', 'Its serves as a carrier for the factor 8']","output":"Syntheszied by hepatocytes"} +{"instruction":"Which part of the brain is most affected in deep coma?","input":"Choices: ['Brain stem', 'Locus ceruleus', 'Frontal lobe', 'RAS']","output":"RAS"} +{"instruction":"Most common complication after intestinal transplantation is","input":"Choices: ['Graft vs host disease', 'Sepsis', 'Intestinal necrosis', 'Intestinal obstruction']","output":"Sepsis"} +{"instruction":"Cocospinal tract lesion leads to:","input":"Choices: ['Spaticity', 'Extensor plantar response', 'Exaggerated tendon reflexes', 'All']","output":"All"} +{"instruction":"Amyloid depostion and raised serum calcitonin levels are seen in which thyroid tumor?","input":"Choices: ['Papillary carcinoma', 'Follicular carcinoma', 'Medullary carcinoma', 'Anaplastic carcinoma']","output":"Medullary carcinoma"} +{"instruction":"Not a manifestation of anaphylactic shock: CMC (Ludhiana) 11","input":"Choices: ['Hypotension', 'Vasoconstriction', 'Bronchospasm', 'Laryngeal edema']","output":"Vasoconstriction"} +{"instruction":"In vision 2020 of NPCB, center of excellence are-","input":"Choices: ['20000', '2000', '200', '20']","output":"20"} +{"instruction":"Average incubation period of AIDS is: March 2011","input":"Choices: ['1 year', '3 years', '5 years', '10 years']","output":"10 years"} +{"instruction":"Best view to detect minimal Right sided pleural effusion","input":"Choices: ['Right lateral decubitus view', 'Left lateral decubitus view', 'Right oblique view', 'Left oblique view']","output":"Right lateral decubitus view"} +{"instruction":"What is the result of increasing preload on cardiac muscle?","input":"Choices: ['Shoening of muscle fibre', 'Lengthening of muscle fibre', 'No effect', 'Variable effect']","output":"Lengthening of muscle fibre"} +{"instruction":"In beta oxidation of fatty acids carnitine is required for -","input":"Choices: ['Conversion ofshort chain fatty acids to long chain fatty acids', 'Transport of long chain fatty acid to mitochondrial inner layer', 'Transport of long chain fatty acid to cytoplasm', 'Conversion of long chain fatty acids to short chain fatty acids']","output":"Transport of long chain fatty acid to mitochondrial inner layer"} +{"instruction":"In post core which of following gutta-percha technique is used","input":"Choices: ['Thermoplasticized', 'Vertical', 'Sectional', 'Lateral']","output":"Sectional"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following structure is preserved in Type I Modified radical neck dissection?","input":"Choices: ['Sternocleidomastoid', 'Spinal accessory nerve', 'Level IX lymph node', 'Internal juglar Nein']","output":"Spinal accessory nerve"} +{"instruction":"False about Argyll Robertson pupil","input":"Choices: ['Accomodation reflex present', 'Poor dilation to mydriatic', 'Pseudo Argyll Robertson pupil seen in aberrant degeneration of 3rd nerve', 'Anisocoric Pupil']","output":"Anisocoric Pupil"} +{"instruction":"All are recognised features of Tourette's syndrome, EXCEPT:","input":"Choices: ['Motor Tics', 'Ataxia', 'Coprolalia', 'Predominantly affects males']","output":"Ataxia"} +{"instruction":"RELP, True are","input":"Choices: ['Endonuclease cuts DNA at nucleotide level', 'It acts at specific site', 'Only cohesive ends are produced', 'Only blunt ends are produced']","output":"It acts at specific site"} +{"instruction":"Dohle bodies -","input":"Choices: ['Dilated Endoplasmic Reticulum in Neutrophils', 'Mitochondria', 'Golgi apparatus', 'Lysosomes']","output":"Dilated Endoplasmic Reticulum in Neutrophils"} +{"instruction":"Child with growth retardation came with Tripod skull and clinodactyly?","input":"Choices: ['Silver russel syndrome', 'Beckwith wideman syndrome', 'Angelman syndrome', 'Prader willi syndrome']","output":"Silver russel syndrome"} +{"instruction":"In skeletal muscle, actin is bound to Z line by","input":"Choices: ['Titin', 'Desmin', 'Actinin', 'Tropomyosin']","output":"Actinin"} +{"instruction":"The drug which blocks both H1 and 5 HT2 receptor is :","input":"Choices: ['Phenoxybenzamine', 'Cyproheptadine', 'Ritanserin', 'Ondansetron']","output":"Cyproheptadine"} +{"instruction":"Fear of height is","input":"Choices: ['Acrophobia', 'Agoraphobia', 'Claustrophobia', 'Hapnophobia']","output":"Acrophobia"} +{"instruction":"Onodi cells are seen in?","input":"Choices: ['Sphenoid sinus', 'Maxillary sinus', 'Anterior ethmoidal sinus', 'Posterior ethmoidal sinus']","output":"Posterior ethmoidal sinus"} +{"instruction":"A 45-year-old male, Sonu presented to OPD with severe pain in the knee and shoulder joint. On examination and further investigations, a diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis was made and the patient was started on methotrexate 15mg weekly. However, even after 6 months of using methotrexate, recurrent episodes of arthritis continued. The physician wanted to add another DMARD that inhibit the pyrimidine synthesis by inhibiting dihydroorotate dehydrogenase enzyme. Which of the following drug, the physician is thinking about?","input":"Choices: ['Sulfasalazine', 'Infliximab', 'Leflunomide', 'Abatacept']","output":"Leflunomide"} +{"instruction":"Second common malignancy in patients of retinoblastoma is?","input":"Choices: ['Osteosarcoma', 'Ewing s sarcoma', 'Medulloblastoma', 'Osteoblastoma']","output":"Osteosarcoma"} +{"instruction":"Non-pathogenic Ebola virus:-","input":"Choices: ['Zaire', 'Reston', 'Cote dlvoire', 'Bundibugyo']","output":"Reston"} +{"instruction":"Characteristic feature of retrovirus is:","input":"Choices: ['Ribonuclease', 'Reverse transcriptase', 'DNA polymerase', 'Restriction endonuclease']","output":"Reverse transcriptase"} +{"instruction":"The normal concentration of protein in CSF at 4 weeks may be as high as –","input":"Choices: ['500mg%', '125mg%', '50mg%', '25mg%']","output":"25mg%"} +{"instruction":"All of the following dietary goals are reeommended for patients with high riskof coronary hea disease, Except","input":"Choices: ['LDL choIesterol <100mg\\\\\/dl', 'Saturated A < 7% of total calories', 'Salt restriction < 6 gm\\\\\/day', 'Avoid Alcohol']","output":"Avoid Alcohol"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is true regarding clasp arm?","input":"Choices: ['Longer the clasp, less is its flexibility', 'Bar clasp arm is less flexible than circumferential clasp', 'Half round clasp is more flexible than round clasp', 'All of the above']","output":"Bar clasp arm is less flexible than circumferential clasp"} +{"instruction":"On which of the following does aldosterone exert its greatest effect?","input":"Choices: ['Glomerulus', 'Proximal tubule', 'Thin portion of the loop of Henle', 'Cortical collecting duct']","output":"Cortical collecting duct"} +{"instruction":"Attributable risk is defined as -","input":"Choices: ['Incidence of disease among exposed minus incidence of disease among non-exposed', 'Incidence of disease among non-exposed minus incidence of disease among exposed', 'Incidence of disease among non-exposed divided by incidence among exposed', 'Incidence of disease among exposed divided by incidence among non-exposed']","output":"Incidence of disease among exposed minus incidence of disease among non-exposed"} +{"instruction":"In the metabolism of alcohol, high doses of aspirin& phenytoin, mechanism is -","input":"Choices: ['First pass kinetics', 'First order kinetics', 'Zero order kinetics', 'Second order kinetics']","output":"Zero order kinetics"} +{"instruction":"Features of serotonin syndrome associated with SSRI & MAOIs are :","input":"Choices: ['Tremors', 'Agitation', 'Cardiovascular collapse', 'All']","output":"All"} +{"instruction":"In a post-operative patient, 21 years old with 70 kg weight, 1 unit of packed RBC will raise the hematocrit by:","input":"Choices: ['1', '5-Mar', '10-Jul', '15']","output":"5-Mar"} +{"instruction":"Best for prevention of risk factor:","input":"Choices: ['Primordial prevention', 'Primary prevention', 'Secondary prevention', 'Tertiary prevention']","output":"Primordial prevention"} +{"instruction":"Commonest haematological malignancy in children is:","input":"Choices: ['CLL', 'AML', 'CML', 'ALL']","output":"ALL"} +{"instruction":"Decrease in osmotic fragility cause hemolysis in ?","input":"Choices: ['Thalassemia', 'fl-Thalassemia', 'Sickle cell anemia', 'Methhemoglobinemia']","output":"fl-Thalassemia"} +{"instruction":"Lancefield classification is based on which of the following cellular structure?","input":"Choices: ['M protein', 'Carbohydrate antigen', 'Cell wall peptidoglycan', 'T-protein']","output":"Carbohydrate antigen"} +{"instruction":"A 60 yr old smoker came with the history of painless gross hematuria for one day. The investigation of choice would be :","input":"Choices: ['Urine routine and microscopy', 'Plain x-ray KUB', 'USB KUB', 'Urine for malignant cytology']","output":"Urine for malignant cytology"} +{"instruction":"Chloride shift is due to ?","input":"Choices: ['Generation of HCO-3 in RBCs', 'Metabolism of glucose in RBCs', 'Formation of O2-Hb complex in RBCs', 'None']","output":"Generation of HCO-3 in RBCs"} +{"instruction":"Oxidative phosphorylation couples generation of ATP with which of the following?","input":"Choices: ['Proton translocation', 'Substrate level phosphorylation', 'Electron flow through cytochromes', 'None of the above']","output":"Proton translocation"} +{"instruction":"Sebaceous cyst does not occur in the .... -","input":"Choices: ['Scalp', 'Scrotum', 'Back', 'Sole']","output":"Sole"} +{"instruction":"Esotrotropia is most commonly associated with","input":"Choices: ['Hyperopia', 'Myopia', 'presbyopia', 'Astigmatism']","output":"Hyperopia"} +{"instruction":"Remnant of 1st arch aery ?","input":"Choices: ['Maxillary aery', 'Mandibular aery', 'Stapedial aery', 'No remnants']","output":"Maxillary aery"} +{"instruction":"True statement about burn resuscitation is","input":"Choices: ['Colloid preferred in the first 24 hours', 'Half of the calculated fluid is given in the first eight hours', 'Diuretics should be given to the patient', 'Antibiotics should be given more impoance over fluid therapy']","output":"Half of the calculated fluid is given in the first eight hours"} +{"instruction":"Hypeension, proteinuria, and pitting edema are noted in the second month of the first pregnancy in a 25-year-old woman. The pathogenesis of her presenting complains is most closely associated with:-","input":"Choices: ['A benign tumor of the chorionic villi', 'Gestational diabetes mellitus', 'Primary endometrial cancer', 'A malignant trophoblastic tumor']","output":"A benign tumor of the chorionic villi"} +{"instruction":"Grievous injury includes all the following except-","input":"Choices: ['Emasculation', 'Permanent privation of hearing', 'Privation of any member\/joint', \"Disability to follow one's ordinary pursuits for a period of a week\"]","output":"Disability to follow one's ordinary pursuits for a period of a week"} +{"instruction":"True about solitary rectal ulcer syndrome is alUexcept","input":"Choices: ['Increased muscle layer proliferation', 'Crypt distoion', 'Lamina propria infiltration with lymphocyte', 'Subepithelial fibrosis']","output":"Lamina propria infiltration with lymphocyte"} +{"instruction":"The etiology of anterior ethmoidal neuralgia is -","input":"Choices: ['Inferior turbinate pressing on the nasal septum', 'Middle turbinate pressing on the nasal septum', 'Superior turbinate pressing on the nasal septum', 'Causing obstruction of sphenoid opening']","output":"Middle turbinate pressing on the nasal septum"} +{"instruction":"Wisdom tooth erupts at which age -","input":"Choices: ['6-8 years', '10-12 years', '12-15 years', '17-20 years']","output":"17-20 years"} +{"instruction":"All of the following are true about Asthma, Except:","input":"Choices: ['Charcol Leydin crystals may be seen in sputum', 'Reversible Airflow obstruction is a characteristic feature', 'Large airways are involved', 'Small airways are not involved']","output":"Small airways are not involved"} +{"instruction":"Lugol's Iodine contains-","input":"Choices: ['5% iodine & 10% KI', '10% Iodine & 20% KI', '10% iodine & 15% KI', '5% iodine & 15% KI']","output":"5% iodine & 10% KI"} +{"instruction":"A 26 year-old man presents with mild gastroenteritis gives the history of consumption of raw fish few days back. There is no blood or pus in the stool. Culture grown in Wagatsuma agar. Which causative agent is most likely to have caused this illness?","input":"Choices: ['Vibrio cholerae', 'Salmonella typhi', 'Shigella sonnei', 'Vibrio parahaemolyticus']","output":"Vibrio parahaemolyticus"} +{"instruction":"All are B cell marker except -","input":"Choices: ['CD-15', 'CD-19', 'CD-21', 'CD-23']","output":"CD-15"} +{"instruction":"Seminoma is accurately described by which of the following statements?","input":"Choices: ['It is the most common type of testicular cancer', 'Metastases to liver and bone are frequently found', 'It does not respond to radiation', 'The 5-year survival rate approaches 50%']","output":"It is the most common type of testicular cancer"} +{"instruction":"The maximum permissible radiation exposure per year recommended by NCRP for a radiation worker is –","input":"Choices: ['3 rad', '8 rad', '10 rad', '50 mSv']","output":"50 mSv"} +{"instruction":"Laryngomalacia is characterized by:","input":"Choices: ['Usually present at about the age of 5 years', 'Biphasic stridor', 'Elongated epiglottis with thin aryepiglottic folds on laryngoscopy', 'Best treatment by epiglottectomv']","output":"Elongated epiglottis with thin aryepiglottic folds on laryngoscopy"} +{"instruction":"Anesthetic agent causing bradycardia are all EXCEPT:","input":"Choices: ['Halothane', 'Isoflurane', 'Thiopentone', 'Ketamine']","output":"Ketamine"} +{"instruction":"Most common cause of post-partum haemorrhage is :","input":"Choices: ['Uterine atony', 'Retained products', 'Trauma', 'Bleeding disorders.']","output":"Uterine atony"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is seen in 2nd stage of labor: September 2005","input":"Choices: ['Expulsion of the fetus', 'Increase in contraction', 'Cervical dilatation', 'All of the above']","output":"All of the above"} +{"instruction":"The professional antigen presenting cells are","input":"Choices: ['Endothelial cells', 'Dendritic cells', 'T cells', 'B cells']","output":"Dendritic cells"} +{"instruction":"The virus causes aplastic anemia in chronic hemolytic diseases is -","input":"Choices: ['Adenovirus', 'Hepatitis virus', 'EB virus', 'Parvo virus']","output":"Parvo virus"} +{"instruction":"All the following are testicular dysgenesis syndromes except:","input":"Choices: ['Cryptorchidism', 'Epispadias', 'Poor sperm quality', 'Hypospadias']","output":"Epispadias"} +{"instruction":"Length of the male adult urethra is -","input":"Choices: ['20 cms', '10 cms', '4 cms', '15 cms']","output":"20 cms"} +{"instruction":"Steroid synthesis occurs in which organelle?","input":"Choices: ['Lysosome', 'Smooth endoplasmic reticulum', 'Rough endoplasmic reticulum', 'Lysozyme']","output":"Smooth endoplasmic reticulum"} +{"instruction":"Formal thought disorder that is classical in mania is","input":"Choices: ['flight of ideas', 'loosening of assosiation', 'neologism', 'circumstantiality']","output":"flight of ideas"} +{"instruction":"Adenosine deaminase deficiency is seen in","input":"Choices: ['Severe combined immunodeficiency', 'Wiskott Aldrich syndrome', 'Agammaglobulinemia', 'HIV']","output":"Severe combined immunodeficiency"} +{"instruction":"The most impoant source of infection for meningococci -","input":"Choices: ['Case', 'Subclinical case', 'Carriers', 'Latent case']","output":"Carriers"} +{"instruction":"Band and shaped trophozoites are seen in -","input":"Choices: ['P. ovale', 'P. vivax', 'P. falciparum', 'P. Malariae']","output":"P. Malariae"} +{"instruction":"All are true about Rinne's test except -","input":"Choices: ['Positive in normal ear', 'Positive in sensorineural hearing loss', 'Minimum 15-20 dB air bone gap is required in conductive deafness', 'Bone conduction is better in sensorineural hearing loss']","output":"Bone conduction is better in sensorineural hearing loss"} +{"instruction":"Patient presents with Hb-5 g%, TLC-9000\/cc,DLC- Neutrophils-3%, Lymphoblasts-75% and fever for 1 mth. Drug used is -","input":"Choices: ['iv Ciprofloxacin', 'Colony stimulating factor', 'Packed cell transfusion', 'Oral Ciprofloxacin']","output":"iv Ciprofloxacin"} +{"instruction":"Acute tonsillitis is caused by","input":"Choices: ['H. influenza', 'Beta-hemolytic streptococcus', 'Staphylococcus aureus', 'Pneumococcus']","output":"Beta-hemolytic streptococcus"} +{"instruction":"Mucositis heals after ___ months of radiotherapy:","input":"Choices: ['2 Months', '3 Months', '5 Months', '6 Months']","output":"2 Months"} +{"instruction":"Type of lung carcinoma producing superior vena cava syndrome:","input":"Choices: ['Squamous cell carcinoma', 'Adenocarcinoma', 'Small cell carcinoma', 'Anaplastic carcinoma']","output":"Small cell carcinoma"} +{"instruction":"All of the following statements characterized chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), EXCEPT:","input":"Choices: ['It is a malignancy of elderly persons', 'Patients may be asymptomatic at diagnosis', 'Patients may exhibit hepatosplenomegaly', 'Hypergammaglobulinemia is usually present']","output":"Hypergammaglobulinemia is usually present"} +{"instruction":"The number of fluorosis cases reported during the last years in a town are 250, 320, 190, 300, 5000, 100, 260, 350, 320, and 160. The epidemiologist wants to find out the average number of fluorosis cases reported in that town during the last 10 years. The most appropriate measure of average for this data will be:","input":"Choices: ['Arithmetic mean', 'Mode', 'Median', 'Geometric mean']","output":"Median"} +{"instruction":"50 years old man present complaints of painful tender mass situated one third of the way between xiphisternum and umbilicus what is the likely diagnosis","input":"Choices: ['Omphalocoele', 'Epigastric hernia', 'Spigelian hernia', 'Fibrosarcoma of abdominal walk']","output":"Epigastric hernia"} +{"instruction":"An eight-month-old female infant presented with recurrent episodes of hypoglycemia, especially if time interval of feeding is increased. Dicarboxylic acid is present in the urine. Urine ketone bodies is negative. The child responded well to IV Glucose, less fat and more carbohydrate diet, frequent feeding. The child was diagnosed to be MCAD deficiency. What is the reason for hypoglycemia?","input":"Choices: ['Increased dicarboxylic acid inhibit glycogenolysis', 'Lack of ATP to support gluconeogenesis', 'Lack of acetyl-CoA to favour glycogenolysis', 'Glycogen stores are inadequate in infants']","output":"Lack of ATP to support gluconeogenesis"} +{"instruction":"Which one of the following is the major determinant of plasma osmolality -","input":"Choices: ['Serum sodium', 'Serum potassium', 'Blood glucose', 'Blood urea nitrogen']","output":"Serum sodium"} +{"instruction":"All tracts passed through superior cerebellar peduncles except","input":"Choices: ['Tectocerebellar', 'Ceruleocerebellar', 'Olivo cerebellar', 'Cerebellorubral']","output":"Olivo cerebellar"} +{"instruction":"Mutation in GNAS 1 gene is associated with","input":"Choices: ['Fibrous dysplasia', 'Ossifying fibroma', 'Focal cementoosseous dysplasia', 'Periapical cementoosseous dysplasia']","output":"Fibrous dysplasia"} +{"instruction":"Vaginal sphincter is formed by all except","input":"Choices: ['Internal urethral sphincter', 'External urethral sphincter', 'Pubovaginalis', 'Bulbospongiosus']","output":"Internal urethral sphincter"} +{"instruction":"A woman presents with chest pain and shoulder pain. On examination, she is found to have pericarditis with pericardial effusion. This shoulder pain is mediated by","input":"Choices: ['Deep cardiac plexus', 'Superficial cardiac plexus', 'Phrenic nerve', 'Subcostal nerve']","output":"Phrenic nerve"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following behavioural problems would suggest an organic brain lesion","input":"Choices: ['Formal thought disorder', 'Auditory hallucinations', 'Visual hallucinations', 'Depression']","output":"Visual hallucinations"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following hormones are raised in Praderwilli syndrome","input":"Choices: ['Growth Hormone (GH)', 'Leutinizing Hormone (LH)', 'Follicile Stimulating Hormone (FSH)', 'Ghrelin']","output":"Ghrelin"} +{"instruction":"A 60-year-old male, chronic smoker, presented with fatigue and chest pain. On examination, there was inset left eyeball with drooping upper left eyelid and reduced left pupil size. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis in this condition?","input":"Choices: ['Squamous cell carcinoma involving the apex of his left lung', 'Adenocarcinoma involving left mainstem bronchus', 'A small-cell carcinoma involving the hilum of his left lung', 'Bronchioloalveolar carcinoma involving the left lower lobe']","output":"Squamous cell carcinoma involving the apex of his left lung"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is not true for Fragile X syndrome?","input":"Choices: ['Hyperextensible joints', 'Small nose', 'Mental retardation', 'Micro-orchidism']","output":"Micro-orchidism"} +{"instruction":"All of the following are attached to the lesser trochanter of femur, EXCEPT?","input":"Choices: ['Psoas major', 'Psoas minor', 'Adductor magnus', 'Iliacus']","output":"Psoas minor"} +{"instruction":"Kala-azar is found in all endemic areas, except:-","input":"Choices: ['West Bengal', 'UP', 'Bihar', 'Assam']","output":"Assam"} +{"instruction":"What is maintenance fluid per hour requirement for 60 kg adult:-","input":"Choices: ['100 ml\/ hour', '80 ml \/ hour', '120 ml\/hour', '60 ml\/hr']","output":"100 ml\/ hour"} +{"instruction":"All of the following statements about Xanthogranulomatous are true except","input":"Choices: ['Foam cells are seen', 'Yellow nodules are seen', 'Multinucleated giant cells are seen', 'Associated with tuberculosis']","output":"Associated with tuberculosis"} +{"instruction":"Imatinib mesylate used in the treatment of GIST is a inhibitor of","input":"Choices: ['IL-12', 'TNF-x', 'Tyrosine kinase', 'VEGE']","output":"Tyrosine kinase"} +{"instruction":"In majority of cases with otosclerosis the tympanic membrane is:","input":"Choices: ['Normal', 'Flamingo pink', 'Blue', 'Yellow']","output":"Normal"} +{"instruction":"Tiny cafe-au-lait spots in the axillae in neurofibromatosis patients is called as ?","input":"Choices: ['Button hole sign', \"Osler's sign\", \"Darrier's sign\", \"Crowe's sign\"]","output":"Crowe's sign"} +{"instruction":"Recurrent intussusception occurs in about:","input":"Choices: ['<1%', '1-5%', '5-10%', '10-20%']","output":"5-10%"} +{"instruction":"For ASOM Myringotomy is done in which quadrant:","input":"Choices: ['Antero-inferior', 'Antero-superior', 'Postero-superior', 'Postero-inferior']","output":"Postero-inferior"} +{"instruction":"Cadaveric position of vocal cords is seen in:","input":"Choices: ['Bilateral recurrent and superior laryngeal nerve palsy', 'Bilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy', 'Unilateral superior laryngeal nerve palsy', 'Bilateral superior laryngeal nerve palsy']","output":"Bilateral recurrent and superior laryngeal nerve palsy"} +{"instruction":"The most important indication for surgical repair of a double uterus, such as a septate or bicornuate uterus, is","input":"Choices: ['Habitual abortion', 'Dysmenorrhea', 'Menometrorrhagia', 'Dyspareunia']","output":"Habitual abortion"} +{"instruction":"Leukotriene receptor antagonist used for bronchial asthma","input":"Choices: ['Zafirkulast', 'Zileuton', 'Cromolyn Sodium', 'Aminophylline']","output":"Zafirkulast"} +{"instruction":"A 70-year-old patient presents with dizziness and headache followed by left sided hemiparesis with right eye dilatation and ptosis. Most probable blood vessel damaged is:","input":"Choices: ['Middle cerebral artery', 'Anterior communicating artery', 'Posterior cerebral artery', 'Basilar artery']","output":"Posterior cerebral artery"} +{"instruction":"In Inferior shoulder dislocation nerve most common injured is:","input":"Choices: ['Axillary', 'Median', 'Ulnar', 'Radial']","output":"Axillary"} +{"instruction":"Passavant ridge is seen in?","input":"Choices: ['Oropharynx', 'Nasopharynx', 'Laryngopharynx', 'Lateral nasal wall']","output":"Nasopharynx"} +{"instruction":"Organelle where H202 is produced and destroyed is?","input":"Choices: ['Peroxisome', 'Lysosome', 'Golgi body', 'Ribosome']","output":"Peroxisome"} +{"instruction":"Which is not an antiplatelet drug","input":"Choices: ['Aspirin', 'Streptokinase', 'Clopidogrel', 'Ticlodipine']","output":"Streptokinase"} +{"instruction":"Merciful anosmia is seen in","input":"Choices: ['Nasal polyp', 'Atrophic rhinitis', 'Rhinosporidiosis', 'Rhinoscleroma']","output":"Atrophic rhinitis"} +{"instruction":"The technique of laproscopic cholecystectomy was first described by?","input":"Choices: ['Erich Muhe', 'Phillip Mouret', 'Kurt Semm', 'Eddie Reddick']","output":"Erich Muhe"} +{"instruction":"The following are related to the treatment of thalassaemia except","input":"Choices: ['Fresh (relatively) blood transfusion', 'Folic acid', 'Routine iron therapy', 'Deferoxamine improves pregnancy outcome']","output":"Routine iron therapy"} +{"instruction":"All of the following are features of Hyper-IgE syndrome, except:","input":"Choices: ['X-linked recessive inheritance', 'R\/c infections of skin and lung', 'Hyperextensibility of joints', 'Facial dysmorphy']","output":"X-linked recessive inheritance"} +{"instruction":"The most impoant step in health education of a community is -","input":"Choices: ['Contact with doctors', 'Community discussion', 'Announcements to the community by loud speakers', 'Knowledge of local needs']","output":"Knowledge of local needs"} +{"instruction":"Tryptophan is glucogenic & ketogenic by producing","input":"Choices: ['Acetyl CoA & alanine', 'Acetoacetate & fumarate', 'Acetoacetate & arginine', 'Arginine & alanine']","output":"Acetyl CoA & alanine"} +{"instruction":"A patient of left hemiplegia with previous history of right deep vein thrombosis. Cause of hemoptysis in this patient is?","input":"Choices: ['Pulmonary thromboembolism', 'Disseminated intravascular coagulation', 'Fat Embolism', 'Superior Vena Cava Syndrome']","output":"Pulmonary thromboembolism"} +{"instruction":"A patient presents with unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia and presence of urobilinogen in urine. Which amongst the following is the least likely diagnosis:","input":"Choices: ['Hemolytic jaundice', 'Crigler Najjar syndrome', \"Gilbe's syndrome\", 'Dubin Johnson syndrome']","output":"Dubin Johnson syndrome"} +{"instruction":"Child with proteinuria, generalised edema. With hypoproteinemia & hyperlipidemia-M.C. cause is-","input":"Choices: ['Minimal change nephrotic syndrome', 'IgA nephropathy', 'Mesangial glomerulonephritis', 'FSGN']","output":"Minimal change nephrotic syndrome"} +{"instruction":"Which of following is not rapid acting insulin?","input":"Choices: ['LISPRO', 'ASPA', 'GLARGINE', 'GLULISINE']","output":"GLARGINE"} +{"instruction":"The absence of intestinal motility in the normal small intestine is best described as","input":"Choices: ['A migrating motor complex', 'An interdigeti ve state', 'Segmentation', 'Physiological ileus']","output":"Physiological ileus"} +{"instruction":"Wind Swept deformity is seen in:","input":"Choices: ['Ankylosing spondylitis', 'Scurvy', 'Rheumatoid ahritis', 'Rickets']","output":"Rheumatoid ahritis"} +{"instruction":"Deep peroneal nerve doesn't supply -","input":"Choices: ['Tibialis anterior', 'Extensor hallucis longus', 'Extensor digitorum longus', 'Peroneus brevis']","output":"Peroneus brevis"} +{"instruction":"Which type of breast carcinoma is bilateral and multicentric?","input":"Choices: ['Ductal', 'Lobular', 'Medullary', 'Colloid']","output":"Lobular"} +{"instruction":"Edward Jenner died in -","input":"Choices: ['1749', '1775', '1823', '1920']","output":"1823"} +{"instruction":"An ovarian neoplasm in a 14-year-old girl is most likely to be","input":"Choices: ['Germ cell tumour', 'Epithelial tumour', 'Seoli-Leydig cell tumour', 'Granulosa cell tumour']","output":"Germ cell tumour"} +{"instruction":"A child builds towers of 2 cubes at the age of ______","input":"Choices: ['12 months', '15 months', '22 months', '24 months']","output":"15 months"} +{"instruction":"Yuzpe method is a type of","input":"Choices: ['Emergency post-coital hormonal contraception', 'Emergency post-coital IUCD contraception', 'Male contraception', 'Reversible minilap']","output":"Emergency post-coital hormonal contraception"} +{"instruction":"Which is not a bacterial drug resistance mechanism?","input":"Choices: ['By synthesizing enzymes against antibiotics', 'By altering porin channels', 'By actively effluxing the drug out of the cell', 'By inhibiting DNA gyrase or topoisomerase activity']","output":"By inhibiting DNA gyrase or topoisomerase activity"} +{"instruction":"40 yr old female presented with breast lump of size 4 cm with involvement of skin and mobile palpable axillary LN, FNAC of lesion showed intrductal carcinoma. What is the initial management of for this pt?","input":"Choices: ['Radiotherapy', 'Neo-adjuvant chemotherapy', 'Modified radical mastectomy', 'Simple mastectomy']","output":"Neo-adjuvant chemotherapy"} +{"instruction":"WPW syndrome is caused by:","input":"Choices: ['Bundle Branch Block', 'Right sided accessory pathway', 'Ectopic pacemaker in atrium', 'Left bundle Branch block']","output":"Right sided accessory pathway"} +{"instruction":"Periodic acid schiff stain shows block positivity with following cell line:","input":"Choices: ['Myeloblasts', 'Lymphoblasts', 'Monoblasts', 'Megakaryoblasts']","output":"Lymphoblasts"} +{"instruction":"Vi antigen found in -a) Salmonella paratyphi 'A'b) Salmonella paratyphi 'C'c) Salmonella dublind) Kiebsiella pneumoniaee) Citrobacter fregalis","input":"Choices: ['bcde', 'abcd', 'abce', 'abde']","output":"abce"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following statements in context of leukemias is true?","input":"Choices: ['Acute lymphoid leukemia occurs beyond 50 years of age', 'Hairy cell leukemia in less than 50 years has a good prognosis', 'Acute lymphoid leukemia in less than 1 year has a poor prognosis', 'Chronic lymphocytic leukemia occurs in less than 50 years of age']","output":"Acute lymphoid leukemia in less than 1 year has a poor prognosis"} +{"instruction":"Mutation seen in malignant melanoma is","input":"Choices: ['N-MYC', 'RB gene', 'CDKN2A', 'p53']","output":"CDKN2A"} +{"instruction":"Which organ is mainly affected in Leukostasis?","input":"Choices: ['Liver', 'Hea', 'Kidney', 'Lung']","output":"Lung"} +{"instruction":"The minimal concentration of oxygen that should be used with Nitrous oxide analgesia is:","input":"Choices: ['10%', '20%', '30%', '40%']","output":"20%"} +{"instruction":"Illusion is: AIIMS 07","input":"Choices: ['Misinterpretation of real objects', 'False firm belief', 'Absence of sensory stimulus', 'Hearing of voices']","output":"Misinterpretation of real objects"} +{"instruction":"Cyst phase does not exist in -","input":"Choices: ['Gardenella vaginalis', 'Trichomonas vaginalis', 'Entamoeba hystolytica', 'Entamoeba coli']","output":"Gardenella vaginalis"} +{"instruction":"A child presents with presents with proteinuria and gross hematuria. On examination child has sensorineural deafness, anterior lenticonus . what is the inheritance of this condition?","input":"Choices: ['X - linked inheritance', 'Autosomal dominant inheritance', 'Autosomal recessive inheritance', 'All of the above']","output":"All of the above"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following local anesthetic should not be mixed with adrenaline","input":"Choices: ['Lignocaine', 'Bupivacaine', 'Mepivacaine', 'Cocaine']","output":"Cocaine"} +{"instruction":"Thinnest portion of sclera -","input":"Choices: ['Anterior to rectus muscle insertion', 'Posterior to rectus muscle insertion', 'Posterior pole', 'Limbus']","output":"Posterior to rectus muscle insertion"} +{"instruction":"Pathogenesis of which E coli is shown below","input":"Choices: ['ETEC', 'EPEC', 'EHEC', 'All the above']","output":"All the above"} +{"instruction":"Clonidine is indicated in each of the following conditions except","input":"Choices: ['Cardiac arrhythmias', 'Morphine withdrawal', 'Migraine', 'Hypeension']","output":"Cardiac arrhythmias"} +{"instruction":"Grade 2 abruptio placenta is characterized by","input":"Choices: ['Pronounced shock', 'Severe bleeding', 'Coagulation defect', 'Fetal distress']","output":"Fetal distress"} +{"instruction":"Dorsal column of spinal cord does not carry fibres of","input":"Choices: ['Vibration', 'Pain', 'Two point discrimination', 'Stereognosis']","output":"Pain"} +{"instruction":"Most common CNS manifestation of HIV infection is: March 2005","input":"Choices: ['Seizures', 'Dementia', 'Focal neurologic deficits', 'Stroke']","output":"Dementia"} +{"instruction":"Intra-abdominal calcificaition in a plane X-ray abdomen is most often seen in -","input":"Choices: ['Meconium ileus', 'Meconium peritonitis', 'Meconium plug syndrome', 'Necrotising enterocolitis']","output":"Meconium peritonitis"} +{"instruction":"In alpha-thalassemia trait, electrophoresis shows:","input":"Choices: ['Increased HbF & normal HbA2', 'Normal HbF & normal HbA2', 'Normal HbF & decreased HbA2', 'Decreased HbF & normal HbA2']","output":"Normal HbF & normal HbA2"} +{"instruction":"True about anorexia nervosa is all except ?","input":"Choices: ['Binge eating is common', 'Unknown in male', 'Ammenorrhoea stas before severe loss of weight', 'Self-induced vomiting']","output":"Unknown in male"} +{"instruction":"Which is not a S\/E of Cimetidine ?","input":"Choices: ['Impotence', 'Gynaecomastia', 'Atrophic gastritis', 'Galactorrhea']","output":"Atrophic gastritis"} +{"instruction":"Dowry prohibition act 1986, punishment is ?","input":"Choices: ['Tyr, Rs 25000', 'Tyr Rs 15000', '5yr, Rs 25000', '5yr Rs 15000']","output":"5yr Rs 15000"} +{"instruction":"Bamboo spine with sacroilitis -","input":"Choices: ['Anky losing spondylitis', 'RA', 'OA', 'Psoriatic arthritis']","output":"Anky losing spondylitis"} +{"instruction":"Round worm causes all, except :","input":"Choices: ['Obstructive jaundice', 'Pancreatitis', 'Intestinal obstruction', 'Intestinal perforation']","output":"Intestinal perforation"} +{"instruction":"Most common organ affected in underwater blast -","input":"Choices: ['Intestine', 'Liver', 'Spleen', 'Hea']","output":"Intestine"} +{"instruction":"Following are hepatotoxic anesthetic agents Except","input":"Choices: ['Halothane', 'Chloroform', 'Ether', 'Propofol']","output":"Propofol"} +{"instruction":"Histology of Alpo syndrome-","input":"Choices: ['Foamy cells in interstitium', 'Foamy cells in tubular epithelial cells', 'Thickening of GBM > 100 nm', 'Thinning of GBM < 100 nm']","output":"Foamy cells in interstitium"} +{"instruction":"Liquefaction necrosis is commonly seen in","input":"Choices: ['Brain', 'Lung', 'Liver', 'Spleen']","output":"Brain"} +{"instruction":"All are true about proximal humerus attachment except -","input":"Choices: ['Supraspinatus at LT', 'Subscapularis at LT', 'Teres minor at GT', 'Infraspinatus at GT']","output":"Supraspinatus at LT"} +{"instruction":"A six-year-old male baby presents to a hospital with recurrent gross hematuria for 2 years. There is no h\/o burning micturition or pyuria. Urine routine examination demonstrated no pus cells and urine culture was sterile. Serum C3 levels were normal.What is the most probable diagnosis?","input":"Choices: [\"Wilm's tumor\", 'IgA nephropathy', 'Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis', 'Urinary tract infection']","output":"IgA nephropathy"} +{"instruction":"The blood indices which reflects iron deficiency more accurately is","input":"Choices: ['MCV', 'MCH', 'MCHC', 'PCV']","output":"MCHC"} +{"instruction":"The treatment of choice in recurrent venous thrombosis leading to pulmonary embolism despite intensive anticoagulation is:","input":"Choices: ['Fibrinolysis treatment with tissue plasminogen activator', 'Pulmonary embolectomy', 'Pulmonary thromboendaerectomy', 'Inferior vena caval filters']","output":"Inferior vena caval filters"} +{"instruction":"Fallots tetralogy manifestation is a) Left axis deviation b) Left ventricular hypertrophy c) Ventricular Septal Defect d) Blalock taussig shunt is between pulmonary artery\n& subclavian artery e) Morphine is contraindicated in cyanotic spells","input":"Choices: ['abc', 'bd', 'cd', 'cde']","output":"cd"} +{"instruction":"According to the ICD-10 revision, for establishing a diagnosis of mania, the symptoms should persist for at least:","input":"Choices: ['1 week', '2 weeks', '3 weeks', '4 weeks']","output":"1 week"} +{"instruction":"The lowgrade non-Hodgkins lymphoma is:","input":"Choices: ['Follicular', 'Large cell', 'Diffuse large cell', 'Lymphoblastic']","output":"Follicular"} +{"instruction":"A 14-year-old girl develops a rash, abdominal pain, and arthralgias. She is also experiencing some nausea, vomiting, and crampy abdominal pain. On examination, she has a palpable purpuric rash on her buttocks and lower legs, a tender abdomen, and no active joint inflammation. Her stools test positive for blood, and urinalysis reveals RBCs and RBC casts. Her renal function deteriorates rapidly over several days. A renal biopsy is performed.For the above patient with GN, select the most likely diagnosis on renal biopsy.","input":"Choices: ['diffuse proliferative GN', 'crescentic GN', 'focal proliferative GN', 'membranoproliferative GN']","output":"diffuse proliferative GN"} +{"instruction":"Infection with which of the following agents is paicularly dangerous for anemic patients -","input":"Choices: ['Adenovirus', 'Cytomegalovirus', 'Herpes simplex virus', 'Parvo virus']","output":"Parvo virus"} +{"instruction":"Compared with cow&;s milk, mother&;s milk has more-","input":"Choices: ['Lactose', 'Vitamin D', 'Proteins', 'Fat']","output":"Lactose"} +{"instruction":"Most common oral infection in diabetes mellitus","input":"Choices: ['Candida', 'Aspergillus', 'Streptococcus', 'Stphylococcus']","output":"Candida"} +{"instruction":"Pyramidal tract involvement with absent arikle jerk is seen in -","input":"Choices: [\"Frederich's ataxia\", 'Subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord', 'Lathyrism', 'Tabes dorsalis']","output":"Frederich's ataxia"} +{"instruction":"Action of i. v. thiopentone is terminated by ?","input":"Choices: ['Rapidly renal excretion', 'Oxidation', 'Redistribution', 'Conjugation']","output":"Redistribution"} +{"instruction":"True about Octreotide","input":"Choices: ['Is active orally', 'Is not a somatostatin analogue', 'Used in secretory diarrhea', 'Is a growth hormone agonist']","output":"Used in secretory diarrhea"} +{"instruction":"The toxic agent in 'Tobacco amblyopia' is","input":"Choices: ['Nicotine', 'Cyanide', 'Carbondioxide', 'Dinitrozol']","output":"Cyanide"} +{"instruction":"Tympanic plexus present in -","input":"Choices: ['Tunica adventitia of internal jugular vein', 'Medial projection of middle ear cavity', 'Pa of tympanic membrane', 'All']","output":"Medial projection of middle ear cavity"} +{"instruction":"If a 11-month old child has received two doses of DPI and polio, comes for further immunization after 5 months of the last dose, what should be done ?","input":"Choices: ['Repeat the whole course', 'Repeat the 2nd dose and continue rest of the course', 'Give 3rd dose and continue the course', 'Give only booster dose']","output":"Repeat the whole course"} +{"instruction":"Eutectic lignocaine-prilocaine has the following unique property","input":"Choices: ['It causes motor blockade without sensory block', 'By surface application, it can anaesthetize unbroken skin', 'It is not absorbed after surface application', 'It has strong vasoconstrictor action']","output":"By surface application, it can anaesthetize unbroken skin"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following condition is related with antibodies against phenolic glycolipid (PGL-1)?","input":"Choices: ['M. leprae', 'M. tuberculosis', 'Borrelia', 'Brucella']","output":"M. leprae"} +{"instruction":"Succinyl CoA is formed from which glucogenic acid ?","input":"Choices: ['Tyrosine', 'Phenylalanine', 'Valine', 'Proline']","output":"Valine"} +{"instruction":"All are associated with Wernicke's encephalopathy, except: FMGE 10; NEET 13; NIMHANS 13; UPSC 14","input":"Choices: ['Cog wheel rigidity', 'Alteration in mental function', 'Vlth nerve palsy', 'Ataxia']","output":"Cog wheel rigidity"} +{"instruction":"Fowl smelling nasal discharge is seen in all except?","input":"Choices: ['Nasal Myiasis', 'Choanal atresia', 'Foreign body in nose', 'Rhinolith']","output":"Choanal atresia"} +{"instruction":"The best method to reduce radiation caries is application of","input":"Choices: ['0.5% neutral sodium fluoride gel', '1% neutral sodium fluoride gel', '0.5% stannous fluoride gel', '1% stannous fluoride gel']","output":"1% neutral sodium fluoride gel"} +{"instruction":"Hemangioma of the rectuma) Common tumourb) Fatal haemorrhage seenc) Ulcerative colitis like symptoms seend) Acute anal fissure","input":"Choices: ['bc', 'c', 'ac', 'ad']","output":"bc"} +{"instruction":"Exposure to noise above ----- cause permanent hearing loss","input":"Choices: ['85 db', '90 db', '100 db', '160 db']","output":"100 db"} +{"instruction":"Pharmacovigilance means:","input":"Choices: ['Monitoring of drug safety', 'Monitoring of unethical trade of drugs', 'Monitoring pharma students', 'Monitoring drug efficacy']","output":"Monitoring of drug safety"} +{"instruction":"Octant rule is related to ?","input":"Choices: ['Spectroscopy', 'Chromatography', 'Electroscopy', 'None']","output":"Spectroscopy"} +{"instruction":"All of the following are true regarding penicillin G except:-","input":"Choices: ['Probenecid decreases it duration of action', 'It is active against gram positive organisms', 'It Splits into 6 amino penicillanic acid by amidase', 'It acts by inhibiting cell wall synthesis']","output":"Probenecid decreases it duration of action"} +{"instruction":"Loss of an anatomical structure or a physiological function is called:","input":"Choices: ['Disability', 'Impairment', 'Handicap', 'Paralysis']","output":"Impairment"} +{"instruction":"Swan-Ganz catheter is used to measure -","input":"Choices: ['Right artial flow', 'Pulmonary capillary pressure', 'Central venous pressure', 'Right ventricular pressure']","output":"Pulmonary capillary pressure"} +{"instruction":"DOC in Wilson disease with Neurologic\/Psychiatric manifestation is:","input":"Choices: ['Trientine and Zinc', 'Zinc alone', 'Tetrathiomolybdate and zinc', 'd-Penicillamine alone']","output":"Tetrathiomolybdate and zinc"} +{"instruction":"Scar endometriosis is associated with which of the following surgeries?","input":"Choices: ['Abdominal hyterotomy', 'Cesarean section', 'Tubectomy', 'All the above']","output":"All the above"} +{"instruction":"Normal expiratory reserve volume of adult?","input":"Choices: ['500 ml', '3000 ml', '1200 ml', '4500 ml']","output":"1200 ml"} +{"instruction":"A 37 yr old man was reffered to NIMHANS Neurology opd with history of 2 episodes of GTCS, Headache, weakness on right side of body,behavior and personality changes. NCCT was given below what is the most probable diagnosis can be made?","input":"Choices: ['Meningioma', 'Oligodendroglioma', 'Glioblastoma', 'Craniopharyngioma']","output":"Oligodendroglioma"} +{"instruction":"The Common \"Primary\" Tumor of Hea is:","input":"Choices: ['Rhabdomyoma', 'Fibroma', 'Myxoma', 'Lipoma']","output":"Myxoma"} +{"instruction":"Adoptive immunity is by?","input":"Choices: ['Infection', 'Injection of antibodies', 'Injection of lymphocytes', 'Immunization']","output":"Injection of lymphocytes"} +{"instruction":"Sunder, a young male was diagnosed as sufering from acute myeloid leukemia. He was staed on induction chemotherapy with dosorubicin based regiments. Induction regimen was successful. Two months later, he presents to OPD with swelling of both the feet and breathlessness on climbing the stairs. He also complains the he had to wake up many times because of breathlessness. Which of the following is most likely responsible for this patient's symptoms?","input":"Choices: ['Restrictive cardiomyopathy', 'Hyperophic cardiomyopathy', 'Dilated cardiomyopathy', 'Pericardial fibrosis']","output":"Dilated cardiomyopathy"} +{"instruction":"Not seen in Ludwig&;s angina","input":"Choices: ['Glottal edema, may require tracheostomy', 'Aphthous ulcer in pharynx', 'It is caused by anaerobic organisms', 'Cellulitis in the floor of mouth']","output":"Aphthous ulcer in pharynx"} +{"instruction":"Most common symptom of ectopic pregnancy NOT RELATED - GYN","input":"Choices: ['Bleeding', 'Pain', 'Aboion', 'Infection']","output":"Pain"} +{"instruction":"The laboratory investigation of a patient shows |T4, and |TSH. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis:","input":"Choices: [\"Grave's disease\", \"Hashimoto's disease\", 'Pituitary failure', 'Hypothalamic failure']","output":"Hashimoto's disease"} +{"instruction":"Diagnostic test of extra intestinal invasive amoebiasis is -","input":"Choices: ['Counter immuno-electrophoresis', 'Complement fixation test', 'ELISA', 'Indirect haemagglutination test']","output":"ELISA"} +{"instruction":"Consumption of which of the following may lead to pellagra?","input":"Choices: ['Jowar', 'Ragi', 'Bajra', 'All of the above']","output":"Jowar"} +{"instruction":"Most common delivery room emergency in newborns","input":"Choices: ['Shock', 'Life threatening congenital malformations', 'Convulsions', 'Failure to initiate efficient respiration']","output":"Failure to initiate efficient respiration"} +{"instruction":"SIADH is not caused by ?","input":"Choices: ['Vincristine', 'Actinomycin D', 'Vinblastine', 'Cyclophosphamide']","output":"Actinomycin D"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is contrast sensitivity testing cha?","input":"Choices: ['Pellirobsons', 'Snellen type cha', 'Regan cha', 'All of the above']","output":"All of the above"} +{"instruction":"All are true regarding treatment of Guillain-Barre syndrome EXCEPT:","input":"Choices: ['Coicosteroid used for early recovery and prevent long stay', 'High-dose intravenous immune globulin (IVIg) can be initiated', 'Plasmapheresis can be done', 'High-dose intravenous immune globulin (IVIg) and plasmapheresis are equally effective']","output":"Coicosteroid used for early recovery and prevent long stay"} +{"instruction":"NOT true about LENS among the following is","input":"Choices: ['Pre - equatorial are of lens capsule is the thickest part measuring 22-23 μm', 'Anterior epithelium is made up of single layer of Cuboidal Cells', 'Posterior epithelium in postnatal life is made up of Cuboidal epithelium', 'Relative dehydration in Cortex is due to action of Na+ – K+ ATPase pump']","output":"Posterior epithelium in postnatal life is made up of Cuboidal epithelium"} +{"instruction":"Which of the is the most common cause of delayed urinary tract obstructive symptoms after TURP","input":"Choices: ['Stricture of the Navicular fossa', 'Stricture of the membranous urethra', 'Stricture of the bulb of urethra', 'Bladder neck stenosis']","output":"Bladder neck stenosis"} +{"instruction":"Antiperistalsis is naturally seen in which pa of the digestive tract?","input":"Choices: ['Stomach', 'Duodenum', 'Colon', 'Antiperistalsis does not occur normally']","output":"Colon"} +{"instruction":"Blowout injury refers to what?","input":"Choices: ['Fracture of orbit', 'Fracture of maxillary antrum', 'Fracture of nasal septum', 'Fracture of mandible']","output":"Fracture of orbit"} +{"instruction":"Secretomotor innervation to Parotid gland relays in:","input":"Choices: ['Otic ganglion', 'Geniculate', 'Ptergopalatine', 'Ciliary']","output":"Otic ganglion"} +{"instruction":"High affinity Oestrogen receptors are found frequently in following except","input":"Choices: ['Urethra', 'Bladder trigone', 'Pubococcygeal muscle', 'Ureter.']","output":"Ureter."} +{"instruction":"All the following are complications of massive blood transfusion except","input":"Choices: ['Hyperkalemia', 'Hypothermia', 'Hypomagnesemia', 'Hypercalcemia']","output":"Hypercalcemia"} +{"instruction":"AMPLE history includes all of the following except;","input":"Choices: ['Allergy.', 'Personal history.', 'Last meal.', 'Medication']","output":"Personal history."} +{"instruction":"Papillae involved in intraoral acanthosis nigricans is","input":"Choices: ['Filliform papillae', 'Circumvallate papillae', 'Fungiform papillae', 'All of the above']","output":"Filliform papillae"} +{"instruction":"Deep vein thombosis occurs most commonly after:","input":"Choices: ['Total hip replacement', 'Gastrectomy', 'Prostatic operation', 'Brain surgery']","output":"Total hip replacement"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following has the largest relative mesiodistal dimension of the root canal?","input":"Choices: ['Maxillary Lateral incisor', 'Mandibular second premolar', 'Palatal root of maxillary 1st molar', 'Distal root of the mandibular 1st molar']","output":"Distal root of the mandibular 1st molar"} +{"instruction":"Streptococcal Toxic shock syndrome is due to the following virulence factor -","input":"Choices: ['M protein', 'Pyrogenic exotoxin', 'Streptolysin O', 'Carbohydrate cell wall']","output":"Pyrogenic exotoxin"} +{"instruction":"All of the following 'Reforms' have been proposed by the world health repo (2008), EXCEPT:","input":"Choices: ['Service Reforms', 'Leadership Reforms', 'Policy Reforms', 'Economic Reforms']","output":"Economic Reforms"} +{"instruction":"Widening of the C loop in X-ray is diagnostic of:","input":"Choices: ['Chronic pancreatitis', 'Carcinoma head of pancreas', 'Periampullary carcinoma', 'Calculi in the ampulla junction']","output":"Carcinoma head of pancreas"} +{"instruction":"A 7 year old presented with intermittent abdominal carmps, loose stool and on stool examination eggs of size 100 m are seen, which is not the cause -","input":"Choices: ['Fasciola gigantica', 'Echinostoma iliocanum', 'Gastrodiscoides hominis', 'Opisthorcis viverni']","output":"Opisthorcis viverni"} +{"instruction":"The most toxic form of mercury is","input":"Choices: ['Methyl and ethyl mercury', 'Mercury vapour', 'Inorganic mercury forms', 'Mercury sulphide']","output":"Methyl and ethyl mercury"} +{"instruction":"Vital layer in slow sand filter is seen in","input":"Choices: ['Top of water', 'On the sand bed', 'Near filter', 'None']","output":"On the sand bed"} +{"instruction":"Drug that does not cause sedation","input":"Choices: ['Buspirone', 'Nitrazepam', 'Zopiclone', 'Diazepam']","output":"Buspirone"} +{"instruction":"A 62 years old man with carcinoma of lung presented to emergency depament with respiratory distress. His EKG showed electrical alternans. The most likely diagnosis is :","input":"Choices: ['Pneumothorax', 'Pleural effusion', 'Cardiac tamponade', 'Constrictive pericarditis.']","output":"Cardiac tamponade"} +{"instruction":"A thirty-year-man presented with nausea, fever and jaundice of 5 days duration. The biochemical tests revealed a bilirubin of 6.7 mg\/dl (conjugated 5.0 mg\/dl) with SGOT \/SGPT (AST\/ALT) 1230\/900 IU\/ ml The serological tests showed presence of HBsAg , IgM anti HBc and HBeAg . The most likely diagnosis:","input":"Choices: ['Chronic hepatitis B infection with high infectivity', 'Acute hepatitis B infection with high infectivity', 'Chronic hepatitis B infection with low infectivity', 'Acute hepatitis B infection with low infectivity']","output":"Acute hepatitis B infection with high infectivity"} +{"instruction":"When establishing balanced occlusion, lingual cusps of maxillary posterior teeth on the non-working side should contact:","input":"Choices: ['Facial incline of the Lingual cusp of mandibular posterior teeth', 'The lingual incline of the lingual cusp of mandibular posterior teeth', 'Lingual incline of the facial cusp of mand. posterior teeth', 'Central fossa of mandibular posterior teeth']","output":"Lingual incline of the facial cusp of mand. posterior teeth"} +{"instruction":"Increased insulin secretion from beta cells is done by-","input":"Choices: ['Metformin', 'Pramlidine', 'Repaglini de', 'Pioglitazone']","output":"Repaglini de"} +{"instruction":"Most accurate treatment of erectile dysfunction -","input":"Choices: ['Sildenafil', 'Master and Johnson technique', 'Beta blockers', 'Papaverine']","output":"Sildenafil"} +{"instruction":"Drug of choice in PSVT is-","input":"Choices: ['Amaidarone', 'Lingnocaine', 'Quinidine', 'Adenosine']","output":"Adenosine"} +{"instruction":"The lymphatic drainage to central part of the lip is-","input":"Choices: ['Sub mandibular node', 'Sub mental nodes', 'Deep cervical nodes', 'Jugulodiagastric nodes']","output":"Sub mental nodes"} +{"instruction":"Primary closure of incised wounds must be done within","input":"Choices: ['2 hrs', '4 hrs', '6 hrs', '12 hrs']","output":"6 hrs"} +{"instruction":"Possible source of \"second signal\" to a B-cell bound by specific antigen include -","input":"Choices: ['EB virus', 'Endotoxin', 'Antigen-specific T-cells', 'Plasma cells']","output":"Antigen-specific T-cells"} +{"instruction":"Paial claw hand is caused by lesion involving the:March 2010, March 2013 (a, b)","input":"Choices: ['Radial nerve', 'Ulnar nerve', 'Median nerve', 'Anterior interosseous nerve']","output":"Ulnar nerve"} +{"instruction":"A 17-year-old man presents to the clinic with new symptoms of fatigue, malaise, fever, and a sore throat. He has no significant past medical history and is not on any medications. Physical examination is entirely normal except for enlarged, palpable cervical lymph nodes. He reports no weight loss or night sweats. Laboratory investigations include a normal chest x-ray, negative throat swab, but abnormal blood film with atypical lymphocytes. The hemoglobin is 15.5 g\/dL; hematocrit 42%; platelets 290,000\/mL; WBC 10500\/mL, with 45% segmented neutrophils, 1% eosinophils, and 54% lymphocytes, of which 36% were atypical. Which of the following is the most appropriate initial diagnostic test?","input":"Choices: ['lymph node biopsy', 'bone marrow', 'erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)', 'heterophil antibody (Monospot) test']","output":"heterophil antibody (Monospot) test"} +{"instruction":"Which aery does not contribute to Little's area","input":"Choices: ['Septal branch of facial aery', 'Anterior ethmoidal aery', 'Sphenopalantine aery', 'Posterior ethmoidal aery']","output":"Posterior ethmoidal aery"} +{"instruction":"Aschners reflex is seen in","input":"Choices: ['Cardiac surgery', 'Neurosurgery', 'Spinal anesthesia', 'Squint surgery']","output":"Squint surgery"} +{"instruction":"Chronic cocaine abuse have following features except:","input":"Choices: ['Peripheral gangrene', 'Black staining of tongue', 'Formication', 'Run amok']","output":"Run amok"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is classes as a high risk pregnancy?","input":"Choices: ['Elderly primi', 'History of eclampsia', 'Molar pregnancy', 'All the above']","output":"All the above"} +{"instruction":"In Dacryocystorhinostomy opening is made into","input":"Choices: ['Superior meatus', 'Middle meatus', 'Inferior meatus', 'Medial wall of nose']","output":"Middle meatus"} +{"instruction":"Enzyme does not act by ?","input":"Choices: ['Increasing the rate of reaction', 'Catalyzing the reaction', 'Increasing activation energy', 'Forming non-covalent interactions']","output":"Increasing activation energy"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is not true about Mumps: March 2007","input":"Choices: ['Caused by paramyxovirus', 'Incubation period is less than 14 days', 'Orchitis is a common complication in males', 'Aseptic meningitis is a commoner complication in children']","output":"Incubation period is less than 14 days"} +{"instruction":"Efferent , Neuromodulatory , post ganglionic sympathetic nerve fibers of the pulp arise from","input":"Choices: ['Superior cervical Ganglion', 'Nervous intermedius', 'Otic ganglion', 'Mandibular nerve']","output":"Superior cervical Ganglion"} +{"instruction":"Root completion of permanent mandibular tooth occurs","input":"Choices: ['1-1 ½ year after eruption', '2-3 year after eruption', '6 months after eruption', 'None of the above']","output":"2-3 year after eruption"} +{"instruction":"The multidrug regimen under the National Leprosy Eradication Programme for the treatment of all multibacillary leprosy would include -","input":"Choices: ['Clofazimine, thiacetazone and dapsone', 'Clofazimine, rifampicin and dapsone', 'Ethionamide, rifampicin and dapsone', 'Propionamide, rifampicin and dapsone']","output":"Clofazimine, rifampicin and dapsone"} +{"instruction":"Fanconi&;s anaemia is a","input":"Choices: ['Constitutional anaemia', 'Hemolytic anaemia', 'Iron deficiency anaemia', 'Auto-immune anaemia']","output":"Constitutional anaemia"} +{"instruction":"Most common enzymatic tool in genetic engineering-","input":"Choices: ['Halicase', 'Topoisomerase', 'DNALigase', 'Restriction endonuclease']","output":"Restriction endonuclease"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is more prone to produce mesothelioma?","input":"Choices: ['Chrysolite', 'Crocidolite', 'Amosite', 'Anthophyllite']","output":"Crocidolite"} +{"instruction":"To give inferior alveolar nerve block the nerve is approached lateral to pterygomandibular raphe, between the buccinator and -","input":"Choices: ['Temporalis', 'Superior constrictor', 'Middle constrictor', 'Medial pterygoid']","output":"Superior constrictor"} +{"instruction":"Mania is characterized by -a) Paranoid delusionb) Loss of orientationc) High self esteemd) Loss of insight","input":"Choices: ['abc', 'ad', 'bc', 'acd']","output":"acd"} +{"instruction":"A 25 year old female presents with pain and tenosynovitis of the wrists and ankles, and ahralgias of other joints. She notes two prior episodes similar to the present one. She just had her menstrual period during the previous week. Physical examination reveals ulcerated lesions overlying the wrists and ankles. These symptoms are likely due to deficiency of which of the following?","input":"Choices: ['C1 esterase inhibitor', 'ciliary function', 'Complement (C6-C8) components', 'Endothelial adhesion molecules']","output":"Complement (C6-C8) components"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following drug can be used in both HIV and Hepatitis B virus?","input":"Choices: ['Enfuvirtide', 'Emtricitabine', 'Abacavir', 'Acyclovir']","output":"Emtricitabine"} +{"instruction":"A 55-year old woman has recurrent urinary retention after a hysterectomy done for a huge fibroid. The most likely cause is:","input":"Choices: ['Atrophic and stenotic urethra', 'Lumbar disc prolapse', 'Injury to the bladder neck', 'Injury to the hypogastric plexi']","output":"Injury to the hypogastric plexi"} +{"instruction":"In the hea, which muscarinic receptor inhibits adenyl cyclase activity?","input":"Choices: ['M1', 'M2', 'M3', 'M4']","output":"M2"} +{"instruction":"Fusion of two adjacent teeth by their cementum is called as","input":"Choices: ['Fusion', 'Gemination', 'Concrescence', 'None of the above']","output":"Concrescence"} +{"instruction":"A 40 year old man has megaloblastic anemia and early signs of neurological abnormality. The drug most probably required is:","input":"Choices: ['Folic acid', 'Iron sulphate', 'Erythropoietin', 'Vitamin B12']","output":"Vitamin B12"} +{"instruction":"True statements are all except:","input":"Choices: ['Chromosome six has the genes for MHC', 'Genes encoding complement proteins are located adjacent to class I', 'Monocytes have MHC II antigens on their surface', 'Class III does not encode complement']","output":"Class III does not encode complement"} +{"instruction":"Fungal spores are produced","input":"Choices: ['Singly', 'In chains', 'In sporangium', 'All of the above']","output":"All of the above"} +{"instruction":"The presence of delusion, hallucination and disturbed cognitive functions indicate:","input":"Choices: ['Paranoid Psychosis', 'OCD', 'Dissociative disorder', 'Organic Brain Syndrome']","output":"Organic Brain Syndrome"} +{"instruction":"Canals of Hering are present in -","input":"Choices: ['Spleen', 'Liver', 'Lymph node', 'Bone marrow']","output":"Liver"} +{"instruction":"The drug recommended for chemoprophylaxis 1 day before induction into high altitude areas is","input":"Choices: ['Acetazolamide', 'Furosamide', 'Doxycycline', 'Paracetamol']","output":"Acetazolamide"} +{"instruction":"Biliary stricture developing after laparascopic choice cystectomy usually occurs at which pa of the common bile duct","input":"Choices: ['Upper', 'Middle', 'Lower', 'All side with equal frequency']","output":"Upper"} +{"instruction":"Positive Kehrs sign is","input":"Choices: ['Haemopertionium', 'Acute cholecystitis', 'Acute pancreatitis', 'Amoebic abscess']","output":"Haemopertionium"} +{"instruction":"A cyst can be differentiated from granuloma by","input":"Choices: ['Radiopaque dyes', 'Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis', 'Biopsy', 'All of the above']","output":"All of the above"} +{"instruction":"Healthy thinking includes all of the following except:","input":"Choices: ['Continuity', 'Constancy', 'Organization', 'Clarity']","output":"Clarity"} +{"instruction":"A 56 yr old smoker had renal clear cell cancer. His LFT showed SGOT\/PT - 65\/45, ALP-465 but USS abdomen does not showed any liver metastasis. What is the likely diagnosis?","input":"Choices: ['Hutchinsons syndrome', 'Stauffers syndrome', 'Goldenhar Syndrome', 'Cornelia De Lange Syndrome']","output":"Stauffers syndrome"} +{"instruction":"What is the mechanism of action of sacubitril?","input":"Choices: ['ACE inhibitor', 'Neutral endopeptidase inhibitor', 'Endothelin antagonist', 'Angiotensin receptor blocker']","output":"Neutral endopeptidase inhibitor"} +{"instruction":"Meconium ileus is associated with:","input":"Choices: ['Fibrocystic disease of pancreas', 'Liver aplasia', 'Cirrhosis of liver', 'Malnutrition']","output":"Fibrocystic disease of pancreas"} +{"instruction":"Pitolisant is approved for treatment of","input":"Choices: ['Tenosynol giant cell tumor', 'Excessive day time sleepiness in patients with narcolepsy', 'Polyneuropathy due to transthyretin amyloidosis', 'Primary myelofibrosis']","output":"Excessive day time sleepiness in patients with narcolepsy"} +{"instruction":"A baby is said to be small for gestational age if its weight is < ------ percentile:","input":"Choices: ['5th', '10th', '25th', '50th']","output":"10th"} +{"instruction":"Larva found in muscle is :","input":"Choices: ['Trichinella spiralis', 'Ankylostoma duodenale', 'Trichuris trichura', 'Enterobius vermicularis']","output":"Trichinella spiralis"} +{"instruction":"Lung Carcinoma is most commonly associated with: March 2005","input":"Choices: ['Silicosis', 'Asbestosis', 'Coal dust', 'Beryllium']","output":"Asbestosis"} +{"instruction":"Correlation between two variables are best depicted by","input":"Choices: ['bar diagram', 'Line diagram', 'histogram', 'scatter diagram']","output":"scatter diagram"} +{"instruction":"Coronary aery disease is associated with all except?","input":"Choices: ['Chlamydia', 'Poor dental hygiene', 'Smoking', 'Alcohol']","output":"Alcohol"} +{"instruction":"The intracranial tumor most likely to be encountered in a middle-aged man with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is:","input":"Choices: ['Glioblastoma multiforme', 'Ependymoma', 'Meningioma', 'Lymphoma']","output":"Lymphoma"} +{"instruction":"Wasserman test is?","input":"Choices: ['Agglutination test', 'Precipitation test', 'Neutralisation test', 'Complement fixation test']","output":"Complement fixation test"} +{"instruction":"In humans carbohydrates are stored as:","input":"Choices: ['Glucose', 'Glycogen', 'Starch', 'Cellulose']","output":"Glycogen"} +{"instruction":"PAS does not stain:","input":"Choices: ['Fungal cell wall', 'Basement membrane of bacteria', 'Glycogen', 'Lipids']","output":"Lipids"} +{"instruction":"RC-prep is a combination of?","input":"Choices: ['EDTA with carbamide peroxide', 'EDTA with hydrogen peroxide', 'EDTA with sodium hypochlorite', 'EDTA with urea peroxide and glycol based Glyde']","output":"EDTA with urea peroxide and glycol based Glyde"} +{"instruction":"A 24-year-old man is found to have an increased total body iron concentration. Biopsy of his liver shows large amounts of granular golden- brown pigment which stains blue with prussian blue stain. The presence of which one of the following diseases best explains these findings?","input":"Choices: ['Systemic amylodosis', 'Chronic congestive hea failure', 'Advanced atrophy', 'Hemophilia']","output":"Hemophilia"} +{"instruction":"Which type of blinding is when both Subject as well as Investigator are not aware of treatment being given","input":"Choices: ['Single blinding', 'Double blinding', 'Triple blinding', 'No blinding']","output":"Double blinding"} +{"instruction":"Epithelial xerosis of conjunetiva is caused by ?","input":"Choices: ['Trachoma', 'Diphtheria', 'Xerophthalmia', 'Pemphigus']","output":"Xerophthalmia"} +{"instruction":"Rosenthal fibres are -","input":"Choices: ['Intranuclear inclusions', 'Intracytoplasmic inclusions', 'Present extracellularly', 'Part of cell membrane']","output":"Intracytoplasmic inclusions"} +{"instruction":"Succinylcholine can cause:","input":"Choices: ['Hypokalemia', 'Hyperkalemia', 'Both of the above', 'None of the above']","output":"Hyperkalemia"} +{"instruction":"Comment on the diagnosis for an individual serum alkaline phosphatase normal, PTH normal, Vitamin D3 normal with elevated serum Calcium values?","input":"Choices: ['Vitamin D intoxication', 'Hyperparathyroidism', 'Multiple myeloma', 'Nutritional rickets']","output":"Multiple myeloma"} +{"instruction":"All of the following electrocardiographic findings may represent manifestations of digitalis intoxication, creepr.","input":"Choices: ['Bigeminy', 'Junctional tachycardia', 'Atrial flutter', 'Atrial tachycardia with variable block']","output":"Atrial flutter"} +{"instruction":"ADA specification number for gypsum products are described under:","input":"Choices: ['1', '4', '12', '25']","output":"25"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following are the most important proteinases involved in destruction of the periodontal tissues?","input":"Choices: ['Hylauronidase', 'Matrix metalloproteinases', 'Glucuronidase', 'Serine proteinases']","output":"Matrix metalloproteinases"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following conditions leads to tissue hypoxia without alteration of oxygen content of blood?","input":"Choices: ['CP poisoning', 'Met Hb', 'Cyanide poisoning', 'Respiratory acidosis']","output":"Cyanide poisoning"} +{"instruction":"Maternal mortality is maximum in ……….. period","input":"Choices: ['Antepartum', 'Peripartum', 'None', 'Postpartum']","output":"Postpartum"} +{"instruction":"Bactericidal drugs in ATT are : a) Pyrazinamide b) Ethambutol c) PAS d) Rifampicin e) Isoniazid","input":"Choices: ['ace', 'abc', 'bce', 'ade']","output":"ade"} +{"instruction":"The major force producing part of the fixed appliance is:","input":"Choices: ['Bracket', 'Arch wire', 'Lock pin', 'Band']","output":"Arch wire"} +{"instruction":"After an incised wound, new collagen fibrils are seen along with a thick layer of growing epithelium. The approximate age of the wound is:","input":"Choices: ['4-5 days', 'About 1 week', '12-24 hours', '24-72 hours']","output":"4-5 days"} +{"instruction":"Most severely affected child in Rh-isoimmunisation patients :","input":"Choices: ['Rh negative mother with Rh positive in 2nd child', \"Rh positive mother with Rh negative in 2nd child Rh positive mother with Rh negative in 15' child\", \"Rh positive mother with Rh negative in 15' child\", 'Rh positive mother with Rh positive in 2\"\\'d child']","output":"Rh negative mother with Rh positive in 2nd child"} +{"instruction":"Which is not Glucogenic?","input":"Choices: ['Arginine', 'HIstidine', 'Glycine', 'Lysine']","output":"Lysine"} +{"instruction":"True regarding Leprosy","input":"Choices: ['Any positive smear 1+ is MBL', 'MBL recommended treatment for 12 months duration', 'Grenz zone in Lepromatous spectrum', 'All deformity cases are MBL']","output":"MBL recommended treatment for 12 months duration"} +{"instruction":"TB multidrug regimen is given to-","input":"Choices: ['Prevent resistance', 'Broad spectrum', 'Prevent side effects', 'None']","output":"Prevent resistance"} +{"instruction":"Splenectomy is indicated in:","input":"Choices: ['Sickle cell anaemia', 'Hereditary spherocytosis', 'Haemoglobin c disease', 'Hodgkins lymphoma']","output":"Hereditary spherocytosis"} +{"instruction":"Conduction velocity of nerve is reduced in all of the following conditions, except:","input":"Choices: ['Acute Motor Axonal Neuropathy (AMAN)', 'Acute Inflammatory Demyelinating Neuropathy (AIDP)', 'Hereditary Sensory Motor Neuropathy (HSMN)', 'Multifocal Motor Neuropathy']","output":"Acute Motor Axonal Neuropathy (AMAN)"} +{"instruction":"A 29-day old child presents with features of congestive cardiac failure and left ventricular hyperophy. Auscultation shows a sho systolic murmur. Most likely diagnosis is:","input":"Choices: ['Rheumatic fever', 'Tetralogy of Fallot', 'Transposition of great aeries', 'Ventricular septal defect']","output":"Ventricular septal defect"} +{"instruction":"Which is a secondary skin lesion ?","input":"Choices: ['Plaque', 'Macule', 'Abscess', 'Scales']","output":"Scales"} +{"instruction":"After an accident a teenager developed a different breathing pattern. After neurological evaluation, transection at mid pons level is diagnosed. This lesion will result in:","input":"Choices: ['Asphyxia', 'Hyperventilation', 'Rapid and shallow breathing', 'Apneusis']","output":"Apneusis"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following inhaled gas is used to decrease pulmonary artery pressure in adults and infants ?","input":"Choices: ['Nitrous oxide', 'Nitrogen dioxide', 'Nitric oxide', 'Nitrogen']","output":"Nitric oxide"} +{"instruction":"Injection sclerotherapy for varicose veins is by usinga) Phenolb) Absolute alcoholc) 70% alcohold) Ethanolamine oleate","input":"Choices: ['ad', 'c', 'ac', 'ab']","output":"ad"} +{"instruction":"Buonian line is seen in chronic poisoning of: March 2004","input":"Choices: ['Arsenic', 'Lead', 'Copper', 'Mercury']","output":"Lead"} +{"instruction":"Bolam's test is used in:","input":"Choices: ['Drowning', 'Arsenic poisoning', 'Medical negligence', 'Legal test of insanity']","output":"Medical negligence"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following does not include the clinical features of Chronic Osteomyelitis?","input":"Choices: ['Excruciating pain and tenderness', 'Non healing bony and overlying soft tissue wounds with indurated soft tissue', 'Wooden character of bone', 'Draining sinuses']","output":"Excruciating pain and tenderness"} +{"instruction":"All of the following statements are true about Wiskott Aldrich syndrome except:","input":"Choices: ['It is an autosomal recessive disorder', 'There is failure of aggregation of platelets in response to agonists', 'Thrombocytopenia is seen', 'Patient presents with eczema']","output":"It is an autosomal recessive disorder"} +{"instruction":"A 60-year-old male patient presents with a parotid lump and facial weakness (House Brackmann grade 6). A fine needle aspiration biopsy is arranged under ultrasound guidance. What is the likely cytology repo?","input":"Choices: ['Pleomorphic adenoma', \"Wahin's tumor\", 'Mucoepidermoid carcinoma', 'Oncocytic adenoma']","output":"Pleomorphic adenoma"} +{"instruction":"Unused syringe needles are disposed in which of the following?","input":"Choices: ['Red bag', 'Yellow bag', 'Black bag', 'Blue bag']","output":"Blue bag"} +{"instruction":"All of the following are differential diagnosis for constricted pupils except","input":"Choices: [\"Horner's syndrome\", 'Pontine myelinosis', 'Opioid withdrawl', 'Organophosphaste poisoning']","output":"Opioid withdrawl"} +{"instruction":"All of the following are features of medullary carcinoma of thyroid, except:","input":"Choices: ['Arises from parafollicular cells or C-cells', 'Known association with MEN-2A or MEN-2B syndromes', 'RAS gene mutations plays an impoant role in its tumourigenesis', 'Tumour cells secrete calcitonin']","output":"RAS gene mutations plays an impoant role in its tumourigenesis"} +{"instruction":"Risk of pneumococcal meningitis is seen in -","input":"Choices: ['Post splenectomy patient', 'Patient undergone neurosurgical intervention', 'Patient following cardiac surgery', 'Patient with hypoplasia of lung']","output":"Post splenectomy patient"} +{"instruction":"WHO sugar control policy includes all except:","input":"Choices: ['Regulating marketing of sugar containing drinks', 'Control on labelling of food', 'Fiscal policies', 'On or near chair side council']","output":"On or near chair side council"} +{"instruction":"Glutamine in blood acts as","input":"Choices: ['NH3 transporter', 'Toxic element', 'Store energy', 'Abnormal metabolite']","output":"NH3 transporter"} +{"instruction":"The mechanism of direct transfer of free DNA involves _____","input":"Choices: ['Transformation', 'Transduction', 'Conjugation', 'Mutation']","output":"Transformation"} +{"instruction":"All are true regarding diphtheria toxin except -","input":"Choices: ['Toxin blocks elongation of protein', 'Beta lysogenic strain produces toxin', 'Iron is critical for toxin production', 'Toxin is necessary for local wound production']","output":"Toxin is necessary for local wound production"} +{"instruction":"Herald patch is seen:","input":"Choices: ['Psoriasis', 'Pityriasis rosea', 'Lichen planus', 'Pityriasis rubra pilaris']","output":"Pityriasis rosea"} +{"instruction":"Enteo-enteric fistula is seen in: March 2011","input":"Choices: ['Ulcerative colitis', \"Crohn's disease\", 'Both of the above', 'None of the above']","output":"Crohn's disease"} +{"instruction":"All are true about Vitamin B12, except","input":"Choices: ['Active form is methylcobalamine', 'Requires for conversion of homocysteine to methionine', 'Requires in metabolism of methylmalonyl CoA', 'Requires for conversion of pyruvate to lactate']","output":"Requires for conversion of pyruvate to lactate"} +{"instruction":"All of the following can lead to trophic ulcers in the fingers except -","input":"Choices: ['Cervical disc prolapse', 'Subacute combined degeneration of spinal cord', 'Leprosy', 'Syringomyelia']","output":"Subacute combined degeneration of spinal cord"} +{"instruction":"The most useful diuretic agent in the treatment of recurrent calcium stones is","input":"Choices: ['Mannitol', 'Furosemide', 'Spironolactone', 'Hydrochlorothiazide']","output":"Hydrochlorothiazide"} +{"instruction":"First fatty acid to form in fatty acid synthesis:","input":"Choices: ['Palmitic acid', 'Stearic acid', 'Oleic acid', 'Pantothenic acid']","output":"Palmitic acid"} +{"instruction":"This permanent tooth is","input":"Choices: ['Lower medial incisor', 'Upper medial incisor', 'First molar', 'First premolar']","output":"First molar"} +{"instruction":"A patient woke up with difficulty in extending fingers, can make a grip and hold a pen. Dorsiflexon was normal. Sensory and motor examination was normal. Nerve most commonly involved:","input":"Choices: ['C8T1', 'Posterior interosseous nerve', 'Lower brachial plexus', 'Hand area in cortex']","output":"Posterior interosseous nerve"} +{"instruction":"False positive ELISA for HIV -","input":"Choices: ['Multiple mycloma', 'Lepromatous leprosy', 'SLE', 'All of the above']","output":"SLE"} +{"instruction":"A 52-year-old alcoholic notices a skin rash on his chest, and also has symptoms of diarrhea and abdominal pain. On examination, he has a scaly and pigmented rash on the sun-exposed areas of his skin, the abdomen is soft, and his short-term memory is impaired. He has dermatitis, diarrhea, and dementia syndrome.For the patient with vitamin deficiency or excess, select the most likely diagnosis","input":"Choices: ['niacin', 'thiamine', 'pyridoxine', 'vitamin C']","output":"niacin"} +{"instruction":"Hirustism may be found in any of these disorders, except-","input":"Choices: [\"Cushing's syndrome\", 'Hypothyroidism', 'Congenital adrenal hyperplasia', 'Polycystic ovarian syndrome']","output":"Hypothyroidism"} +{"instruction":"Mousy odour urine is seen in:","input":"Choices: ['Maple syrup urine', 'Phenylketonuria', 'Isovalericaciduria', 'Cystinuria']","output":"Phenylketonuria"} +{"instruction":"Keratosis obturans is -","input":"Choices: ['Foreign body in external auditory canal', 'Desquamated epithelial cell + Cholesterol', 'Cholesterol crystals surrounded by calcium', 'Wax in external auditory canal']","output":"Desquamated epithelial cell + Cholesterol"} +{"instruction":"Neurolathyrism is due to ingestion of -","input":"Choices: ['Ergot alkaloid', 'Crotolaric seeds', 'Khesari Dal', 'Sanguinarine']","output":"Khesari Dal"} +{"instruction":"Oily layer of the tear film is formed by-","input":"Choices: ['Meibomian glands', 'Conjunctival goblet cells', 'Lacrimal glands', 'None']","output":"Meibomian glands"} +{"instruction":"Tissue conditioning materials are","input":"Choices: ['Elastomers', 'Elasto polymers', 'Polymers', 'Impression plaster']","output":"Polymers"} +{"instruction":"In a patient with AIDS, chorioretinitis is typically caused by –","input":"Choices: ['Cytomegalovirus', 'Toxoplasma gondii', 'Cryptococcus neoformans', 'Histoplasma capsulatum']","output":"Cytomegalovirus"} +{"instruction":"A patient Ashwani has been brought to the hospital with non–stop talking, singing, uncontrollable behavior and an apparent loss of contact with reality. You diagnose it to be a case of acute mania. Which of the following is the most suitable drug for rapid control of his symptoms?","input":"Choices: ['Lithium carbonate', 'Phenobarbitone', 'Haloperidol', 'Valproic acid']","output":"Haloperidol"} +{"instruction":"The most common source of embolism -","input":"Choices: ['DVT', 'Trauma', 'Infection', 'Surgery']","output":"DVT"} +{"instruction":"Leishmania is cultured in ..... ...media?","input":"Choices: ['Chocolate agar', 'NNN', 'Tellurite', 'Sabourauds']","output":"NNN"} +{"instruction":"Urine osmolality in Diabetes insipidus is","input":"Choices: ['<150 mmol\/L', '<300 mmol\/L', '<600 mmol\/L', '<900 mmol\/L']","output":"<150 mmol\/L"} +{"instruction":"Essential for tumor metastasis is-","input":"Choices: ['Angiogenesis', 'Tumorogenesis', 'Apoptosis', 'Inhibition of Tyrosine kinase activity']","output":"Angiogenesis"} +{"instruction":"Nelson's syndrome is most likely seen after:","input":"Choices: ['Hypophysectomy', 'Adrenalectomy', 'Thyroidectomy', 'Orchidectomy']","output":"Adrenalectomy"} +{"instruction":"The force of a twitch is less than that in a tetanus, BECAUSE:","input":"Choices: ['One action potential does not release sufficient Ca++ to saturate the troponin binding sites', 'Ca++ reuptake into the sarcoplasmic reticulum is so rapid that there is insufficient time for all the troponin Ca++ -binding sites to be occupied', 'Crossbridge cycling is not fast enough to allow expression of the maximum possible force before Ca++ dissociates from troponin', 'All of the above']","output":"Crossbridge cycling is not fast enough to allow expression of the maximum possible force before Ca++ dissociates from troponin"} +{"instruction":"In bimaxillary malocclusion","input":"Choices: ['SNA is increased', 'SNB is increased', 'Both SNA and SNB are increased', 'Both SNA and SNB are decreased']","output":"Both SNA and SNB are increased"} +{"instruction":"Prosopagnosia is-","input":"Choices: ['Inability to recognise faces', 'Inability to know time', 'Inability to recognise places', 'None of the above']","output":"Inability to recognise faces"} +{"instruction":"Source of norepinephrine is?","input":"Choices: ['Phenylalanine', 'Alanine', 'Tyrosine', 'Tryptophan']","output":"Tyrosine"} +{"instruction":"All are seen in sickle cell anemia EXCEPT:","input":"Choices: ['Target cells', 'Jaundice', 'Reticulocytosis', 'High hematocrit']","output":"High hematocrit"} +{"instruction":"Newman and Seabrook's operation is used for:","input":"Choices: ['Repair of parotid fistula', 'For parotid calculi', 'For carcinoma of tongue', 'For treatment of recurrent chronic parotitis']","output":"Repair of parotid fistula"} +{"instruction":"Administration of which of the following drug requires therapeutic drug monitoring?","input":"Choices: ['Lithium', 'Haloperidol', 'Diazepam', 'Acetazolamide']","output":"Lithium"} +{"instruction":"Patient with genetic susceptibility of which of the following will have increased risk of periodontitis","input":"Choices: ['IL 1', 'IL 2', 'IL 6', 'IL 8']","output":"IL 1"} +{"instruction":"Thickness of stomach in ultrasound:","input":"Choices: ['2 mm', '5 mm', '7 mm', '10 mm']","output":"5 mm"} +{"instruction":"Sinonasal neoplasm is commonly seen in which industry?","input":"Choices: ['Fishing', 'Building', 'Hard wood', 'Iron steel']","output":"Hard wood"} +{"instruction":"All of the following statements regarding disposal of biomedical waste are true, EXCEPT:","input":"Choices: ['Human Anatomical Waste is disposed in a Yellow bag', 'Contents from a Red bag may be a source of contamination', 'Block bags are used for disposal of ash from incineration', 'Blue bags contents are disposed in secured landfill']","output":"Blue bags contents are disposed in secured landfill"} +{"instruction":"Immunisation with Rotavirus should be completed by the age of:","input":"Choices: ['2 months', '3 months', '12 months', '18 months']","output":"12 months"} +{"instruction":"1st extensor compartment of wrist contains -","input":"Choices: ['EPL', 'EPB', 'ECRL', 'ECRB']","output":"EPB"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following statements is true about benign lesions of the liver?","input":"Choices: ['Adenomas are true neoplasms with a predisposition for complications and should usually be resected.', 'Focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) is a neoplasm related to bih control pills (BCPs) and usually requires resection.', \"Hemangiomas are the most common benign lesions of the liver that come to the surgeon's attention.\", 'Nodular regenerative hyperplasia does not usually accompany cirrhosis']","output":"Adenomas are true neoplasms with a predisposition for complications and should usually be resected."} +{"instruction":"Lucio reaction is seen in-","input":"Choices: ['TB', 'Leprosy', 'Syphillis', 'LGV']","output":"Leprosy"} +{"instruction":"Alzheimer's disease is associated with:September 2012","input":"Choices: ['Delerium', 'Delusion', 'Dementia', 'All of the above']","output":"Dementia"} +{"instruction":"Which medium of storage for avulsed tooth is best for\nprolonged extra oral periods?","input":"Choices: [\"Hank's Balanced salt solution\", 'Milk', 'Distilled water', 'Saliva']","output":"Hank's Balanced salt solution"} +{"instruction":"The Reynoldis pentad of fever, jaundice, right upper quadrant pain, septic shock and mental status change in typical of","input":"Choices: ['Cholangitis', 'Hepatitis', 'Cholecystitis', 'Pancreatitis']","output":"Cholangitis"} +{"instruction":"A chronic alcoholic presents with regurgitation and retrosternal pain. Endoscopic biopsy confirms Barrett's oesophagus. What is most appropriate management in this case","input":"Choices: ['PPI', 'H. pylori treatment', 'Balloon dilatation', 'Endoscopic biopsy every 2 years']","output":"Endoscopic biopsy every 2 years"} +{"instruction":"Procedure of choice for evaluation of an aoic aneurysm","input":"Choices: ['USG', 'CT', 'MRI', 'Angiography']","output":"CT"} +{"instruction":"A patient presented with ahritis and purpura. Laboratory examination showed monoclonal and polyclonal cryoglobulins. Histopathology showed deposits of cryoglobulins around the vessels. The patient should be tested for which of the following","input":"Choices: ['HBV', 'HCV', 'EBV', 'Parvovious']","output":"HCV"} +{"instruction":"Type of filler particle used in packable composite:","input":"Choices: ['Fibrous filler particles', 'Microcrystalline filler particles', 'Mixture of both', 'None of the above']","output":"Fibrous filler particles"} +{"instruction":"All are seen with Pneumocystis carini in AIDS except","input":"Choices: ['Pneumonia', 'Otic polypoid mass', 'Ophthalmic choroid lesion', 'Meningitis']","output":"Meningitis"} +{"instruction":"Promoter sequence is an example for","input":"Choices: ['Cis acting factor', 'Trans acting factor', 'Coactivator', 'Mediator']","output":"Cis acting factor"} +{"instruction":"Xylocaine heavy in subarachnoid space has concentration of","input":"Choices: ['1%', '2%', '3%', '5%']","output":"5%"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is released from hypothalamus?","input":"Choices: ['Orexin', 'Cortisol releasing hormone', 'Neuropeptide', 'Ghrelin']","output":"Cortisol releasing hormone"} +{"instruction":"Trial of labour is contraindicated in all of the following conditions, except :","input":"Choices: ['Rachitic pelvis', 'Maipresentation', 'Previous LSCS', 'Multigravida']","output":"Multigravida"} +{"instruction":"Triptans used in migraine headaches are agonists at which receptor :","input":"Choices: ['5HT ID\/IB', '5HTIA', '5HT3', '5HT2A']","output":"5HT ID\/IB"} +{"instruction":"A new born child developed respiratory depression in neonatal ward. Which of the following drug is the cause aEUR'","input":"Choices: ['Opioids', 'Barbiturates', 'Diazepam', 'Propofol']","output":"Opioids"} +{"instruction":"In comparison to inhaled adrenergic agonists, the inhaled anticholinergics:","input":"Choices: ['Are more effective in bronchial astham', 'Are better suited for control of an acute attack of asthma', 'Produce slower response in bronchial asthma', 'Produce little benefit in chronic obstructive lung disease']","output":"Produce slower response in bronchial asthma"} +{"instruction":"A woman who pricked her finger while pruning some rose bushes develops a local pustule that progressed to an ulcer. Several nodules then developed along the local lymphatic drainage. The most likely etiological agent would be?","input":"Choices: ['Aspergillus fumigatus', 'Candida albicans', 'Histoplasma capsulatum', 'Sporothrix schenckii']","output":"Sporothrix schenckii"} +{"instruction":"A strict vegetarian, Raj Gopal - 23 years old foreign student in WMC is having lethargy, easy fatigue and palpitations. He is found to have macrocytic anemia on blood CP. He is suffering from deficiency of vitamin","input":"Choices: ['A', 'B1', 'D', 'B6']","output":"D"} +{"instruction":"The most common cause of painful pericarditis is","input":"Choices: ['Viral', 'Tuberculous', 'Uraemic', 'All of these']","output":"Viral"} +{"instruction":"Choose the appropriate lettered structure in this radiograph of the lateral view of the head. Cerebrospinal fluid is formed by vascular choroid plexus in which structure?","input":"Choices: ['A', 'B', 'C', 'D']","output":"A"} +{"instruction":"A child plays a simple ball game at –","input":"Choices: ['52 weeks', '36 weeks', '12 weeks', '48 weeks']","output":"52 weeks"} +{"instruction":"Respiratory compromise is typically seen in?","input":"Choices: ['Incomplete unilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy', 'Complete unilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy', 'Bilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy', 'Superior and Recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy']","output":"Bilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy"} +{"instruction":"All of the following are impoant clinical manifestations of hepatocellular carcinoma except:","input":"Choices: ['Jaundice', 'Abdominal pain', 'Abdominal mass', 'Ascitis']","output":"Jaundice"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following seizures has a clinical presentation of sho cry, loss of consciousness and generalized rigidity, rhythmic contractions and flaccidity?","input":"Choices: ['Complex paial', 'Simple paial', 'status epilepticus', 'Generalized tonic clonic']","output":"Generalized tonic clonic"} +{"instruction":"True statement regarding bromocriptine is:","input":"Choices: ['It acts as agonist to dopamine receptors', 'It can be used in active peptic ulceration', 'It does not cause postural hypotension', 'It has possible neuroprotec live effect']","output":"It acts as agonist to dopamine receptors"} +{"instruction":"Mucormycosis of paranasal sinus is most common in","input":"Choices: ['HIV', 'Diabetes', 'Those on immuno suppressants', 'Post surgical']","output":"Diabetes"} +{"instruction":"DOTS is a community based treatment and care strategy for","input":"Choices: ['Filaria', 'Leprosy', 'Tuberculosis', 'Malaria']","output":"Tuberculosis"} +{"instruction":"Inner diameter of adult male endotracheal tube is:","input":"Choices: ['4 nun', '6 mm', '9 mm', '2 mm']","output":"9 mm"} +{"instruction":"Criteria for “Problem village” include all except","input":"Choices: ['Risk of Guinea worm infection', 'Water is more than depth of 15 meter', 'There is excess of Na+, K+, F+ salts', 'Where no water source in a distance of 1.6 km from community']","output":"Risk of Guinea worm infection"} +{"instruction":"Buonian line is seen with poisoning of -","input":"Choices: ['Mercury', 'Lead', 'Arsenic', 'Zinc']","output":"Lead"} +{"instruction":"Effect of fetal hemoglobin on O2 dissociation curve","input":"Choices: ['Right shift', 'Left shift', 'No effect', 'May be right or left']","output":"Left shift"} +{"instruction":"Ventilation-perfusion ratio is maximum at","input":"Choices: ['Apex of lung', 'Base of lung', 'Posterior lobe of lung', 'Middle of the lung']","output":"Apex of lung"} +{"instruction":"For congenital obstruction of nasolacrimal duct, probing is done at what age?","input":"Choices: ['2 months', '6 months', '10 months', '14 months']","output":"6 months"} +{"instruction":"Brown tumor is seen with:","input":"Choices: ['Hyperparathyroid ism', 'Hypoparathvroidism', 'Hypothyroidism', 'Hyperthyroidism']","output":"Hyperparathyroid ism"} +{"instruction":"There is a lesion in the orbit. Can you diagnose?","input":"Choices: ['Choroidal melanoma', 'Ocular retinoblastoma', 'Foreign body in the orbit', 'Optic nerve drusen']","output":"Choroidal melanoma"} +{"instruction":"The cell type most typically seen in the Keratic precipitates of non-granulomatous uveitis is:","input":"Choices: ['Polymorphonuclear cells', 'Lymphocytes', 'Plasma cells', 'Epitheloid cells']","output":"Lymphocytes"} +{"instruction":"Adrenal cortex of fetus mainly releases which hormone during early part of pregnancy?","input":"Choices: ['Cortisol', 'Corticosterone', 'Progesterone', 'DHEAS']","output":"Cortisol"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following may result in sudden increase in ETCO2–","input":"Choices: ['Malignant hyperthermia', 'Hyperthyrodism', 'Shivering', 'All of the above']","output":"All of the above"} +{"instruction":"Branches of brachial aery are all EXCEPT:-","input":"Choices: ['Profunda brachii', 'Superior ulnar collateral', 'Inferior ulnar collateral', 'Radial collateral']","output":"Radial collateral"} +{"instruction":"All of the following are features of pheochromocytoma except:","input":"Choices: ['Hypeensive paroxysm', 'Headache', 'Ohostatic hypotension', 'Wheezing']","output":"Wheezing"} +{"instruction":"Furcation involvement with no radio graphic evidence is","input":"Choices: ['Grade II', 'Advanced grade II', 'Grade I', 'Early grade III']","output":"Grade I"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is selenium containing enzyme?","input":"Choices: ['Xanthine oxidase', 'Glutathione peroxidase', 'Superoxide dismutase', 'Lysyl oxidase']","output":"Glutathione peroxidase"} +{"instruction":"M. C. anterior mediastinum tumor is","input":"Choices: ['Thymoma', 'Neurogenic Fibroma', 'Lymphoma', 'Meningocele']","output":"Thymoma"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following drugs acts by increasing bone formation & inhibiting bone resorption","input":"Choices: ['Denosumab', 'Zoledronate', 'Strontium ranelate', 'Calcitonin']","output":"Strontium ranelate"} +{"instruction":"An 8-month-old infant had stridor with respiratory difficulty which worsened on crying. On examination, laryngoscopy showed a red mass in the subglottic area. All the following are used in the treatment EXCEPT","input":"Choices: ['CO 2 laser vaporization', 'Coicosteroids', 'Tracheostomy', 'Radiotherapy']","output":"Radiotherapy"} +{"instruction":"Follicular dendritic cells, main function is -","input":"Choices: ['Catches antigen and presents it to T cells', 'Catches antigen and presents it to B cells', 'Phagocytic activity', 'Produce immunoglobulins']","output":"Catches antigen and presents it to B cells"} +{"instruction":"Miliary shadow on chest X-ray is not seen in:March 2010","input":"Choices: ['Pneumoconiosis', 'Sarcoidosis', 'Tuberculosis', 'COPD']","output":"COPD"} +{"instruction":"Most common type of gastric polyp is ?","input":"Choices: ['Hyperplastic polyp', 'Hamaomatous polyp', 'Malignant polyp', 'Malignant polyp']","output":"Hyperplastic polyp"} +{"instruction":"Iron deficiency anemia seen in -","input":"Choices: ['CRF', 'Billroth II operation', 'Hookworm', 'Celiac sprue']","output":"CRF"} +{"instruction":"Treatment modality used for phobia is?","input":"Choices: ['Psychotherapy', 'Behavior therapy', 'SSRI', 'All of the above']","output":"All of the above"} +{"instruction":"Posterolateral lesions of ventral spinal cord leads to","input":"Choices: ['Pyramidal signs', 'loss of joint sense', 'Loss of pressure,touch', 'Loss of pain temperature']","output":"Loss of pressure,touch"} +{"instruction":"Radical dissection of neck includes all except -","input":"Choices: ['Cervical lymph nodes', 'Sternocleido mastoid', 'Phrenic nerves', 'Internal jugular vein']","output":"Phrenic nerves"} +{"instruction":"All are true of long standing sickle cell anemia except-","input":"Choices: ['Nonnocytic nonnochromic anemia', 'Recurrent jaundice', 'Cholelithiasis', 'Massive splenomegaly']","output":"Massive splenomegaly"} +{"instruction":"Medulla oblongata is derived from -","input":"Choices: ['Telencephalon', 'Diencephalon', 'Mesencephalon', 'Myelencephalon']","output":"Myelencephalon"} +{"instruction":"Romana sign is seen in?","input":"Choices: [\"Chaga's disease\", 'Kala Azar', 'Sleeping sickness', 'Fasciola']","output":"Chaga's disease"} +{"instruction":"A rugby player hit his head on the post whilst involved in a tackle. He was unconscious for 5 min but regained full consciousness and sat on the sideline until the end of the game. He was then noted to be drowsy and over the past 30 min became confused and no longer obeyed commands. Most likely diagnosis is:","input":"Choices: ['Extradural hematoma', 'Subdural hematoma', 'Subarachnoid hematoma', 'Cerebral edema']","output":"Extradural hematoma"} +{"instruction":"Neurological Involvement with Acanthocytosis is seen in all of the following except:","input":"Choices: ['Abetalipoprotenemia', 'Choreoacanthocytosis', 'McLeod Syndrome', 'Zellweger Syndrome']","output":"Zellweger Syndrome"} +{"instruction":"A 60-year-old man whose wife passed away 3 months back now believes his intestines have rotten away and that he is responsible for the death of his wife and should be sent to prison. Likely diagnosis is","input":"Choices: ['Delusional disorder', 'Psychotic depression', 'Grief psychosis', 'Schizophrenia']","output":"Psychotic depression"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following conditions is associated with hypocalcemia?","input":"Choices: ['a) Medullary Ca thyroid', 'b) Squamous Ca lung', 'c) Tumor lysis syndrome', \"Both 'a' and 'c'\"]","output":"Both 'a' and 'c'"} +{"instruction":"Well defined lesion in the lung with popcorn calcification on X-ray suggestive of-","input":"Choices: ['Ca lung', 'Adenoma', 'Hamartoma', 'Hydatid cyst']","output":"Hamartoma"} +{"instruction":"Dyskeratosis","input":"Choices: ['Leukoplakia', 'Hyperpigmentation', 'Nail dystrophy', 'Premature keratinisation']","output":"Premature keratinisation"} +{"instruction":"The most commonly used Titanium alloy for dental and medical purposes is","input":"Choices: ['Ti 6Al 4V', 'Ti 5A1 4 V', 'Ti 5Al 5V', 'Ti 6Al 6 V']","output":"Ti 6Al 4V"} +{"instruction":"Genus neisseria is -","input":"Choices: ['Gram positive diplococci', 'Gram negative diplococci', 'Gram negative coccobacilli', 'Gram positive bacilli']","output":"Gram negative diplococci"} +{"instruction":"Common carcinoma of upper 1\/3 oesophagus:","input":"Choices: ['Adenocarcinoma', 'Squamous', 'Squamo columnar', 'Melanoma']","output":"Squamous"} +{"instruction":"Corpulence Index Normal valve","input":"Choices: ['< 1.2', '> 1.2', '2.2', '< 0.2']","output":"< 1.2"} +{"instruction":"Oral lesions of secondary syphilis include all, except:","input":"Choices: ['Snail track ulcers', 'Mucous patches', 'Chancre of tongue', 'Hutchinson’s wart']","output":"Chancre of tongue"} +{"instruction":"Allowing the cord blood passage to fetus before clamping the umbilical cord should be AVOIDED to prevent","input":"Choices: ['Maternal alloimmunization', 'Prematurity', 'Growth retardation of fetus', 'All of the above']","output":"Maternal alloimmunization"} +{"instruction":"A patient is investigated for renal failure. Which of the following condition is associated with boiled cabbage or rancid butter smelling urine in this patient?","input":"Choices: ['Phenylketonuria', 'Tyrosinemia Type 1', 'Diabetic Ketoacidosis', 'Multiple carboxylase deficiency']","output":"Tyrosinemia Type 1"} +{"instruction":"Gastric emptying is mainly regulated by-","input":"Choices: ['Neural reflexes', 'Enteric reflexes', 'Local hormones produced in stomach', 'Local hormones produced in duodenum']","output":"Enteric reflexes"} +{"instruction":"In exposure and response prevention therapy which one of the following is a poor prognostic factor in OCD?","input":"Choices: ['Magical thinking', 'Di contamination', 'Pathological doubt', 'Hoarding']","output":"Hoarding"} +{"instruction":"Which is the major hormone secreted by the corpus luteum in a lady of reproductive age?","input":"Choices: ['Estrogen', 'Progesterone', 'Testosterone', 'Thyroxine']","output":"Progesterone"} +{"instruction":"Most common oralinfection in diabetes mellitus?","input":"Choices: ['Candida', 'Aspergilius', 'Streptococcus', 'Staphylococcus']","output":"Candida"} +{"instruction":"The age by which most of the normal babies know their gender is","input":"Choices: ['1 year', '2 years', '3 years', '4 years']","output":"3 years"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following can present with congestive failure at bih:-","input":"Choices: ['TGA with VSD', 'VSD', 'Hypoplastic left hea syndrome', 'Non-obstructive TAPVC']","output":"Hypoplastic left hea syndrome"} +{"instruction":"All are true about scleroderma crisis except?","input":"Choices: ['Accelerated hypeension', 'Onion skinning of renal vessels', 'Anti - centromere antibody is a positive predictor of disease', 'ACE inhibitors reduced moality rate']","output":"Anti - centromere antibody is a positive predictor of disease"} +{"instruction":"All of the following statements about third Hea sound (S3) are true, except","input":"Choices: ['Occurs due to rapid filling of the ventricles during atrial systole', 'Seen in in constrictive pericarditis', 'Seen in Atrial Septal Defect (ASD)', 'Seen in Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)']","output":"Occurs due to rapid filling of the ventricles during atrial systole"} +{"instruction":"Following is true about alendronate except?","input":"Choices: ['It is a second generation amino - BNP', 'It is used in prevention and treatment of osteoporosis', 'Oral bioavailability is 10%', 'Iron interferes with alendronate absorption']","output":"Oral bioavailability is 10%"} +{"instruction":"Kerley B lines seen in","input":"Choices: ['Pulmonary embolism', 'Pulmonary edema', 'Carcinoma bronchus', 'Lung abscess']","output":"Pulmonary edema"} +{"instruction":"Haverhill fever is caused by ?","input":"Choices: ['Baonella henselae', 'Streptobacillus moniliformis', 'Eikenella corrodens', 'Coccidioides']","output":"Streptobacillus moniliformis"} +{"instruction":"Increased anion gap metabolic acidosis is seen in all except -","input":"Choices: ['Starvation', 'Salicylate poisoning', 'Lactic acidosis', 'Diarrhoea']","output":"Diarrhoea"} +{"instruction":"A mother brought her child with glue ear. Child had otitis media two weeks before. What is the treatment of choice for glue ear?","input":"Choices: ['Myringotomy with cold knife', 'Myringotomy with diode laser', 'Myringotomy with ventilation tube inseion', 'Conservative treatment with analgesics & antibiotics']","output":"Myringotomy with ventilation tube inseion"} +{"instruction":"Pearl's stain used to demonstrate the following in tissues ?","input":"Choices: ['Hemosiderin', 'Fat', 'Reticulin', 'Fibrin']","output":"Hemosiderin"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following veins is found in relation to the paraduodenal fossa ?","input":"Choices: ['Inferior mesentric vein', 'Middle colic vein', 'Left colic vein', 'Splenic vein']","output":"Inferior mesentric vein"} +{"instruction":"Thyroid hormone receptors bind to DNA as a heterodimer with","input":"Choices: ['Prolactin receptor', 'Growth hormone receptor', 'Retinoid X receptor', 'Insulin receptor']","output":"Retinoid X receptor"} +{"instruction":"In sympathetic ophthalmitis, earliest sign is:","input":"Choices: ['KP', 'Retrolental flare', 'Aquous flare', 'Hypopion']","output":"KP"} +{"instruction":"What is not seen with uremic lung?","input":"Choices: ['Alveolar injury', 'Pulmonary edema', 'Interstitial fibrosis', 'Fibrinous exudate in alveoli']","output":"Interstitial fibrosis"} +{"instruction":"A most common tumour of urinary bladder is","input":"Choices: ['Squamous cell carcinoma', 'Adenocarcinoma', 'Stratified squamous carcinoma', 'Transitional carcinoma']","output":"Transitional carcinoma"} +{"instruction":"Conduction velocity of nerve is reduced in all of the following conditions, except","input":"Choices: ['Acute Motor Axonal Neuropathy (AMAN)', 'Acute Inflammatroy Demyelinating Neuropathy(AIDP)', 'Hereditary Sencory Motor Neuropathy (HSM)', 'Multifocal Motor Neuropathy']","output":"Acute Motor Axonal Neuropathy (AMAN)"} +{"instruction":"All of the following statements about Vibrio cholera are true, except","input":"Choices: ['It is transpoed in Alkaline pH', 'It is an aerobic bacteria', 'They are flagellated', 'Oxidase Test Negative']","output":"Oxidase Test Negative"} +{"instruction":"Capacity of a cell to differentiate into diverse lineages","input":"Choices: ['Transdifferentiation', 'Dedifferentiation', 'Metaplasia', 'Developmental plasticity']","output":"Transdifferentiation"} +{"instruction":"The beta haemolytic streptococcus commonly implicated in neonatal meningitis is","input":"Choices: ['Group A', 'Group B', 'Group C', 'Group D']","output":"Group B"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following represents the most charachteristic function of Type II Restriction Enzyme","input":"Choices: ['Prevent folding of proteins', 'Remove formed DNA', 'Prevent supercoiling', 'Cut DNA at palindromic sites']","output":"Cut DNA at palindromic sites"} +{"instruction":"A male child presents with repeated urinary infections and failure to gain weight. A MCU was carried out as shown in plate, most probable diagnosis is?","input":"Choices: ['Posterior urethral valve', 'Meatal stenosis', 'Bladder diverticula', 'Bladder polyp']","output":"Posterior urethral valve"} +{"instruction":"A person voluntarily acting like having a disease is said to be: Kerala 09; JIPMER 14","input":"Choices: ['Hypochondriac', 'Masochist', 'Gerontophilia', 'Malingerer']","output":"Malingerer"} +{"instruction":"Mary, a 45-year-old lady from Bangalore suffers from botulism poisoning. This toxin blocks the release of acetylcholine and has the effect of:","input":"Choices: ['Inhibiting adrenergic synapse transmission', 'Facilitating adrenergic synapse transmission', 'Inhibiting cholinergic synapse transmission', 'No effect on synaptic transmission']","output":"Inhibiting cholinergic synapse transmission"} +{"instruction":"Sign of shock is-","input":"Choices: ['Hypotension', 'Bradycardia', 'Polyuria', 'Chest pain']","output":"Hypotension"} +{"instruction":"Over denture used to","input":"Choices: ['Preserve alveolar bone', 'Maintain proprioception from periodontal ligament', 'Retention', 'All of the above']","output":"All of the above"} +{"instruction":"Imaging investigation of choice to Diagnose Mullerian duct Abnormalities?","input":"Choices: ['USG', 'HSG', 'MRI', 'CT']","output":"MRI"} +{"instruction":"Pathology in keratomalacia:","input":"Choices: ['Accumulation of desquamated debris', 'Absence of mucus', 'Breakdown of collagen fibers in corneal stroma', 'Infection with corynebacterium xerosis']","output":"Breakdown of collagen fibers in corneal stroma"} +{"instruction":"PNH is associated with a deficiency of -","input":"Choices: ['DAF', 'MIRL', 'GPI anchored protein', 'All of the above']","output":"All of the above"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following mandibular major connector is more esthetic, if wide anterior teeth diastema is present:","input":"Choices: ['Lingual plate.', 'Lingual bar.', 'Continuous bar retainer.', 'Labial bar.']","output":"Continuous bar retainer."} +{"instruction":"Edema in nephrotic syndrome is mainly due to:","input":"Choices: ['Sodium and water retention', 'Increased venous pressure', 'Hypoalbuminemia', 'Hyperlipidemia']","output":"Hypoalbuminemia"} +{"instruction":"Complete apneusis will result if transection is done at:September 2011","input":"Choices: ['Lower Pons', 'Lower Medulla', 'Midbrain', 'Cerebellum']","output":"Lower Pons"} +{"instruction":"The poor indicator of response during treatment of malnutrition includes","input":"Choices: ['Failure to gain appetite by day 10', 'Presence of edema on day 10', 'Failure to gain at least 5 g\/kg\/day by day 4', 'Failure to gain at least 2 g\/kg\/day by day 10']","output":"Presence of edema on day 10"} +{"instruction":"Adult dose of Clozapine is","input":"Choices: ['150 mg', '250 mg', '300 mg', '500 mg']","output":"300 mg"} +{"instruction":"Best method to treat a large port-wine hemangioma is?","input":"Choices: ['Radiotherapy', 'Tatooing', 'Excision with skin grafting', 'Pulsed dye Laser']","output":"Pulsed dye Laser"} +{"instruction":"Heat therapy is used to treat musculoskeletal pain in many disorders. The methods of heat therapy are classified as superficial and deep heat therapies depending upon their tissue penetration. Which of the following is not a deep heat therapy?","input":"Choices: ['Short wave diathermy', 'Infrared beam', 'Ultrasound therapy', 'Microwave diathermy']","output":"Infrared beam"} +{"instruction":"Ciliary staphyloma is seen in","input":"Choices: ['Absolute glaucoma', 'Pathological myopia', 'Retinoblastoma', 'Episcleritis']","output":"Absolute glaucoma"} +{"instruction":"A 56-year-old man with 14-year history of diabetes mellitus presents with poor vision, peripheral vascular disease, and mild proteinuria. Which of the following is best monitor of control of blood sugar levels in this patient?","input":"Choices: ['Glycosylated hemoglobin', 'Islet cell autoantibody', 'Serum myoinositol', 'Serum sorbitol']","output":"Glycosylated hemoglobin"} +{"instruction":"A hypertensive pregnant woman at 34 weeks comes with history of pain in abdomen, bleeding per vaginum and loss of fetal movements. On examination the uterus is contracted with increased uterine tone. Fetal heart sounds are absent. The most likely diagnosis is:","input":"Choices: ['Placenta previa', 'Hydramnios', 'Premature labor', 'Abruptio placenta']","output":"Abruptio placenta"} +{"instruction":"Ketamine is contraindicated in","input":"Choices: ['Ischemic hea disease', 'Bronchial asthma', 'Shock', 'Tetrology of Fallot']","output":"Ischemic hea disease"} +{"instruction":"Drug causing phacomelia?","input":"Choices: ['Phenytoin', 'Alcohol', 'Lithium', 'Thalidomide']","output":"Thalidomide"} +{"instruction":"A 12-year-old boy reported with a class II and div 1 malocclusion with proclined upper incisor and deep bite. Intraoral examination revealed a bilaterally symmetrical face, convex profile, potentially competent Lips with normal incisor display during rest and smile. Cephalometric finding showed that the patient had a horizontal growth direction with CVMI stage III, increased overjet and normal lower incisor inclination\nWhat is the best method to prevent proclination of lower incisors while treating a case with Twin Block appliance","input":"Choices: ['Inter proximal reduction of lower incisors', 'Guided eruption', 'Incisor capping', 'Lip pads']","output":"Incisor capping"} +{"instruction":"Aldosterone antagonists are NOT useful in the treatment of-","input":"Choices: ['Hypeension', 'Congestive hea failure', 'Gynaccomastia', 'All']","output":"Gynaccomastia"} +{"instruction":"Chlorination of water is which level of prevention -","input":"Choices: ['Primary', 'Secondary', 'Teiary', 'None']","output":"Primary"} +{"instruction":"Streptococcal vaginitis in a child is treated with :","input":"Choices: ['Systemic penicillin', 'Local gentian violet', 'Estrogens', 'Penicillin and estrogens']","output":"Penicillin and estrogens"} +{"instruction":"The drug of choice in pheochromocytoma is:","input":"Choices: ['Phenoxybenzamine', 'Propranolol', 'Prazosin', 'Phentolamine']","output":"Phenoxybenzamine"} +{"instruction":"Thyrotoxic patient with nodule is treated with:","input":"Choices: ['Surgery', 'Medical therapy', 'Radiotherapy', 'Anti thyroid drugs followed by surgery']","output":"Radiotherapy"} +{"instruction":"PCR is primarily a","input":"Choices: ['DNA degradation technique', 'DNA amplification technique', 'DNA sequencing technique', 'All of these']","output":"DNA amplification technique"} +{"instruction":"A 2 weeks old infant presents with excessive tearing in left eye, overflow of tears in the lower eyelid and frequent appearance of mucoid material for the last 1 week. The baby was delivered at home to a multigravida mother who had regular antenatal visits. There was no maternal or fetal complications perinatally. Most appropriate next step in management is:","input":"Choices: ['Nasolacrimal sac massaging', 'Probing of nasolacrimal duct', 'Application of erythromycin drops', 'Instillation of steroid drops']","output":"Nasolacrimal sac massaging"} +{"instruction":"1925. Causes of secondary polycythemia may include","input":"Choices: ['Chronic cor pulmonale', 'Renal carcinoma', 'Cerebellar haemangioblastoma', 'All of the above']","output":"All of the above"} +{"instruction":"In 34 weeks gestation the weight of baby was 3kg.The child shows following features may indicate wof associated condition","input":"Choices: ['Anemia', 'Diabetes', 'APH', 'None of the above']","output":"Diabetes"} +{"instruction":"PASCAL is used for","input":"Choices: ['Angiography', 'Laser photocoagulation', 'RNFL thickness', 'Ganglion cell layer']","output":"Laser photocoagulation"} +{"instruction":"Prevalance is given by which study?","input":"Choices: ['Case-control study', 'Cohort study', 'Cross-sectional study', 'Correlation study']","output":"Cross-sectional study"} +{"instruction":"A 15 days old baby is brought to the hospital with complains of seizures. Blood tests revealed serum Ca++= 5 mg\/dL, Phosphorous levels = 9mg\/d1, and PTH levels 30pg\/m1 (normal range= 10-60 pg\/ml). What is the most probable diagnosis?","input":"Choices: ['Pseudohypoparathyroidism', 'Vitamin D deficiency', 'Hypoparathyroidism', 'Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy']","output":"Hypoparathyroidism"} +{"instruction":"Muscle rigidity by fentanyl is due to which receptor:","input":"Choices: ['Meu (m)', 'Kappa (k)', 'Delta (d)', 'Sigma (s)']","output":"Meu (m)"} +{"instruction":"Not a direct branch of aoa","input":"Choices: ['Left common carotid aery', 'Left subclan aery', 'Brachiocephalic trunk', 'Right common carotid aery']","output":"Right common carotid aery"} +{"instruction":"(Weight = Height - 100) denotes which formula\/ index-","input":"Choices: ['Corpulence index', 'Broca index', \"Lorentz's formula\", 'Ouetlef s index']","output":"Broca index"} +{"instruction":"In CSF, comparison to blood plasma are all except:","input":"Choices: ['Low Ca ++', 'Low Na +', 'Low chloride', 'Low cells']","output":"Low chloride"} +{"instruction":"Cofactor for dopamine hydroxylase ?","input":"Choices: ['Fe', 'Mg', 'Mn', 'Cu']","output":"Cu"} +{"instruction":"Tissue stops in impression tray aids in","input":"Choices: ['Anterior posterior stabilization', 'Better acrylic flow', 'Proper retention', 'All of the above']","output":"Anterior posterior stabilization"} +{"instruction":"What is the drug of choice for treatment of febrile seizures?","input":"Choices: ['Diazepam', 'Phenobarbitone', 'Valproate', 'Carbamazepine']","output":"Diazepam"} +{"instruction":"Infection of Eyelash follicle is","input":"Choices: ['Stye', 'Impetigo', 'Boil', 'Carbuncle']","output":"Stye"} +{"instruction":"In renal cell cancer gene involved in mutation","input":"Choices: ['VHL', 'TP53', 'NF1', 'BRCA-1']","output":"VHL"} +{"instruction":"Sympathetic stimulation causes all of the following except","input":"Choices: ['Increase in heart rate', 'Increase in blood pressure', 'Increase in total peripheral resistance', 'Increase in venous capacitance']","output":"Increase in venous capacitance"} +{"instruction":"A-65 years alcoholic suffering from diabetes has a flexion deformity at the right little finger over the metacarpophalangeal joint of around 15 degrees. The ideal management for him would be -","input":"Choices: ['Observation', 'Percutaneous fasciotomy', 'Subtotal fasciectomy', 'Total fasciectomy']","output":"Observation"} +{"instruction":"Which is a feature of Normal pressure hydrocephalus","input":"Choices: ['Gait Disturbance', 'Aphasia', 'Global confusion', 'Opthalmoplegia']","output":"Gait Disturbance"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is not a heterophile reaction?","input":"Choices: ['Weil Felix test', 'Paul Bunnell test', \"Frie's test\", 'Cold agglutinin test']","output":"Frie's test"} +{"instruction":"Whenever tooth structure is cut with bur residual organic and inorganic components form the","input":"Choices: ['beilby layer', 'hybrid layer', 'smear Layer', 'rubbish layer']","output":"smear Layer"} +{"instruction":"A new born with recurrent vomiting, cyanosis after each feed is likely to be suffering from -","input":"Choices: ['Tracho oesophageal fistula', 'Tetrology of fallot', 'Congenital hyperophic pyloric stenosis', 'ARDS']","output":"Tracho oesophageal fistula"} +{"instruction":"Prolonged prothrombin time is seen in ?","input":"Choices: ['Haemophilia A', 'Haemophilia B', 'Thrombocytopenia', 'Factor VII deficiency']","output":"Factor VII deficiency"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is indicative of foreign body in tracheobronchial tree in a child?","input":"Choices: ['History of coughing, choking and gagging', 'X-ray of chest with hyperinflated lung on one side', 'X-ray of chest with unilateral atelectasis', 'All of the above']","output":"All of the above"} +{"instruction":"Neostigmine antagonizes non depolarising blockade by all of the following mechanism except","input":"Choices: ['Decreasing the breakdown of acetyl choline at the motor end plate', 'Preventing the K+efflux', 'Increasing the release of acetyl choline at the motor end plate', 'Depolarization at the motor end plate']","output":"Decreasing the breakdown of acetyl choline at the motor end plate"} +{"instruction":"Moh's micrographic excision for basal cell carcinoma is used for all of the following except -","input":"Choices: ['Recurrent Tumour', 'Tumor less than 2 cm in diameter', 'Tumors with aggressive histology', 'Tumors with perineural invasion']","output":"Tumor less than 2 cm in diameter"} +{"instruction":"Orphan-Annie-eyed nuclei are seen in:","input":"Choices: ['Papillary carcinoma', 'Follicular carcinoma', 'Anaplastic carcinoma', 'Medullary carcinoma']","output":"Papillary carcinoma"} +{"instruction":"Which one of the following drugs is most suitable for management of essential tremors-","input":"Choices: ['Diazepam', 'Levodopa', 'Metoprolol', 'Propranolol']","output":"Propranolol"} +{"instruction":"Selective beta 2 blocker is -","input":"Choices: ['Butoxamine', 'Betoxolol', 'Esmolol', 'Bisoprolol']","output":"Butoxamine"} +{"instruction":"In criminal cases, conduct money is paid by -","input":"Choices: ['Cou', 'Magistrate', 'Judge', 'No conduct money is given']","output":"No conduct money is given"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is an absolute contraindication for renal transplant?","input":"Choices: ['Untreated malignancy', 'Age >65 years', 'HIV infection', 'Chronic hepatitis B or C']","output":"Untreated malignancy"} +{"instruction":"A female presented with the severe headache of sudden onset. On CT scan a diagnosis of subarachnoid haemorrhage is made. The most common site of subarachnoid haemorrhage is -","input":"Choices: ['Middle meningeal aery', 'Berry aneurysm rupture', 'Basilar aery', 'Subdural venous sinuses']","output":"Berry aneurysm rupture"} +{"instruction":"How much Potassium is present in the Ringer Lactate solution -","input":"Choices: ['1 mEq\/L', '4 mEq\/L', '2 mEq\/L', '6 mEq\/L']","output":"4 mEq\/L"} +{"instruction":"True about esmolol is: a) It is a cardioselective β–blocker b) It increases airway resistance c) It causes tachycardia d) Its t 1\/2 is 4 hrs e) It has negative inotropic activity","input":"Choices: ['de', 'cd', 'ae', 'bc']","output":"ae"} +{"instruction":"A 2 year old boy suffering from leukemia, following are the x–ray findings –a) Osteolytic lesion in flat bonesb) Metaphyseal osteoporosisc) Periosteal new bone formationd) Osteosclerosis of long bonese) Transverse line of dark band below the growth plate","input":"Choices: ['ab', 'bce', 'acd', 'ace']","output":"bce"} +{"instruction":"12.6 m old baby was brought c\/o difficulty in feeding. The child was found to be hypotonic with a weak gag. The child is on breast mild and mother also gives honey to the child during periods of excessive crying. The causative agent is –","input":"Choices: ['Gram positive aerobic coccus', 'Gram positive anaerobic spre-suffering bacillus', 'Toxin produced by gram positive anaerobic bacillus', 'Echovirus']","output":"Toxin produced by gram positive anaerobic bacillus"} +{"instruction":"Danbury tremors seen in which chronic poisoning","input":"Choices: ['Arsenic', 'Lead', 'Mercury', 'Zinc']","output":"Mercury"} +{"instruction":"Therapeutic drug monitoring is done for all the following except:","input":"Choices: ['Phenytoin', 'Metformin', 'Tacrolimus', 'Cyclosporin']","output":"Metformin"} +{"instruction":"A 50-year-old diabetic and hypeensive male, presented with diplopia for 1 day along with facial swelling and difficulty in speaking. Patient was in distress. O\/E, Febrile Hypeension Tachycardia Right sided proptosis, facial edema and facial palsy Lab findings revealed leukocytosis, increased serum glucose and deranged RFTs. On site cytopathology was taken. All of the following can be used in the management of the above condition except: -","input":"Choices: ['Insulin', 'Hemodialysis', 'Voriconazole', 'Amphotericin B']","output":"Voriconazole"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following test detects spermine in semen during examination of seminal fluid in a case of sexual assault?","input":"Choices: ['Barberio test', 'Florence test', 'ELISA', \"Gettler's test\"]","output":"Barberio test"} +{"instruction":"Choroidal vascularization is seen in ?","input":"Choices: ['Myopia', 'Hypermetropia', 'Presbyopia', 'Astigmatism']","output":"Myopia"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is not used for diagnosing celiac disease?","input":"Choices: ['Anti-endomysial antibody', 'Anti-nuclear antibody', 'Anti-gliadin antibody', 'Anti-tissue transglutaminase antibody']","output":"Anti-nuclear antibody"} +{"instruction":"Main MOA brimonidine in glaucoma ?","input":"Choices: ['Decreased aqueous secretion', 'Increased trabecular outflow', 'Increased uveoscleral outflow', 'Reduce vitreous volume']","output":"Decreased aqueous secretion"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is NOT associated with massive transfusion: March 2013 (a, f)","input":"Choices: ['Hypothermia', 'Hypercalcemia', 'Thrombocytopenia', 'DIC']","output":"Hypercalcemia"} +{"instruction":"All statement about Plummer–Vinson syndrome are true except -","input":"Choices: ['Commonly leads to carcinoma in lower third of esophagus', 'Common with iron deficiency', 'Common in females', 'Premalignant']","output":"Commonly leads to carcinoma in lower third of esophagus"} +{"instruction":"Hypoxemia occurring after pulmonary thromboembolism is a result of which of the following?","input":"Choices: ['Perfusion of areas poorly ventilated because of airway constriction', 'Increased dead-space ventilation in the area of vascular occlusion', 'Increased right heart filling pressures', 'Tachycardia']","output":"Perfusion of areas poorly ventilated because of airway constriction"} +{"instruction":"True about composition of low osmolar ORS is","input":"Choices: ['Sodium 65mmol\/L, Glucose 75mmol\/L', 'Sodium 75mmol\/L, Potassium 20mmol\/L', 'Chloride 65 mmol\/L, Potassium 10mmol\/L', 'Sodium 65 mmol\/L, Citrate 20mmol\/L']","output":"Sodium 75mmol\/L, Potassium 20mmol\/L"} +{"instruction":"The commonest site for hypertensive intracerebral bleed is:","input":"Choices: ['Putamen.', 'Cerebellum.', 'Pons.', 'Midbrain.']","output":"Putamen."} +{"instruction":"Compound that joints glycolysis with glycogenesis and glycogenolysis is","input":"Choices: ['Glucose 1, 6 biphosphate', 'Glucose 1 phosphate', 'Glucose 6 phosphate', 'Fructose 1, 6 biphosphate']","output":"Glucose 6 phosphate"} +{"instruction":"A patient presented with stridor and dyspnea, which he developed after an attack of upper respiratory tract infection. On examination he was found to have a 3mm glottic opening. All of the following are used in the management except:","input":"Choices: ['Tracheostomy', 'Arytenoidectomy', 'Teflon injection', 'Cordectomy']","output":"Teflon injection"} +{"instruction":"Major thyroxine binding protein ?","input":"Choices: ['Albumin', 'Prealbumin', 'Globulin', 'Transferrin']","output":"Globulin"} +{"instruction":"Radioactive cobalt emits:","input":"Choices: ['Gamma rays', 'Beta rays', 'Alpha rays', 'Neutrons']","output":"Gamma rays"} +{"instruction":"Not a complication of Colles' fracture","input":"Choices: ['Stiffness of wrist', 'Stiffness of shoulder', 'Carpal tunnel syndrome', 'Wrist drop']","output":"Wrist drop"} +{"instruction":"Endosseous implants include:","input":"Choices: ['Subperiosteal', 'Transosteal', 'Endosteal', 'All of the above']","output":"All of the above"} +{"instruction":"Risk of damage to fetus by maternal rubella is maximum if mother gets infected in","input":"Choices: ['6-12 weeks of pregnancy', '20-24 weeks of pregnancy', '24-28 weeks of pregnancy', '32-36 weeks of pregnancy']","output":"6-12 weeks of pregnancy"} +{"instruction":"Main enzyme involved in digestion of fatty food-","input":"Choices: ['Lingual lipase', 'Gastric lipase', 'Pancreatic lipase', 'Phospholipase']","output":"Pancreatic lipase"} +{"instruction":"Pericytes, which are seen in the capillary bed are:","input":"Choices: ['Modified endothelial cells', 'Phagocytes', 'Pluripotent cells lining the capillaries', 'None of the above']","output":"Pluripotent cells lining the capillaries"} +{"instruction":"False about sickle cell anemia","input":"Choices: ['Dactylitis', 'Osteomyelitis', 'Granulocytosis', 'High recticulocyte count']","output":"High recticulocyte count"} +{"instruction":"True about light microscopy in minimal change disease is -","input":"Choices: ['Loss of foot process seen', 'Anti GBM Abs seen', 'IgA deposits seen', 'No change seen']","output":"No change seen"} +{"instruction":"A 5 year old child is admitted with headache, vomiting and difficulty in walking. Physical findings include truncal ataxia, papilloedema and left lateral rectus palsy. No finger-to-nose ataxia could be detected on the left side or right side. The most likely diagnosis is –","input":"Choices: ['Dandy walker syndrome', 'Syringobulbia', 'Arnold-chiari malformation', 'Medulloblastoma']","output":"Medulloblastoma"} +{"instruction":"Acid Labile penicillin is-","input":"Choices: ['Cloxacillin', 'Flucloxacillin', 'Methicillin', 'Phenoxy Methyl penicillin']","output":"Methicillin"} +{"instruction":"Not a radiological feature of rickets","input":"Choices: ['Splaying of metaphysis', 'Cupping of metaphysis', 'Subluxation of epiphysis', 'Widening of metaphysis']","output":"Subluxation of epiphysis"} +{"instruction":"Prion disease may manifest as?","input":"Choices: ['Sporadic', 'Inherited', 'Familial', 'All of the above']","output":"All of the above"} +{"instruction":"In peptic ulcer, antacids are now primarily used for:","input":"Choices: ['Prompt pain relief', 'Ulcer healing', 'Preventing ulcer relapse', 'Control of bleeding from the ulcer']","output":"Prompt pain relief"} +{"instruction":"Best retainer advised after the closure of midline\ndiastema is","input":"Choices: [\"Hawley's retainer\", \"Hawley's retainer with finger spring\", 'Positioner', 'Bonded retainer']","output":"Bonded retainer"} +{"instruction":"Mechanism of action of Combined OCP pills:","input":"Choices: ['Prevent fertilization', 'Prevent release of ovum from ovary', 'Prevent implantation of fertilized ovum', 'Reduce sperm motility']","output":"Prevent release of ovum from ovary"} +{"instruction":"Iron dextran is given in A\/E -","input":"Choices: ['Macrocytic anemia', 'Severe blood loss', 'Iron deficiency anemia', 'Hookworm anemia']","output":"Macrocytic anemia"} +{"instruction":"Pegvaliase was approved by FDA in 2018 for","input":"Choices: ['Phenylketonuria', 'Pancreatic tumours', \"Crohn's disease\", 'Glycogen storage disorders']","output":"Phenylketonuria"} +{"instruction":"Loud S1 in mitral stenosis is seen in","input":"Choices: ['Prolonged flow through mitral valve', '1st degree heart block', 'Calcification of the valve', 'Immobilization of the valve']","output":"Prolonged flow through mitral valve"} +{"instruction":"Diagnosis of Gestational hypeension is made if blood pressure is","input":"Choices: ['> 130\/90 mmHg after 20weeks in previously normotensive patient', '> 140\/90 mmHg after 20weeks in previously normotensive patient', '> 150\/90 mmHg after 20weeks in previously normotensive patient', '> 160\/90 mmHg after 20weeks in previously normotensive patient']","output":"> 140\/90 mmHg after 20weeks in previously normotensive patient"} +{"instruction":"The monophase elastomeric material can be used as both tray and syringe material because it has","input":"Choices: ['A Long setting time', 'It is economical', 'Pseudo plastic properties', 'Better recording of tissues']","output":"Pseudo plastic properties"} +{"instruction":"Not a feature of heroin {smack} withdrawal","input":"Choices: ['Yawning', 'Muscle cramps', 'Hypersomnia', 'Hypeention']","output":"Hypersomnia"} +{"instruction":"Height of children in 2 - 10 years of age is increased by:","input":"Choices: ['2cm\/year', '4cm\/year', '6cm\/year', '10cm\/year']","output":"6cm\/year"} +{"instruction":"\"Set the teeth where they grow \" was stated by:","input":"Choices: ['Pound.', 'Payne.', 'Boucher', 'Fisher.']","output":"Boucher"} +{"instruction":"Punch drunk is boxers is a type of","input":"Choices: ['Delirium', 'Dementia', 'Disability', 'Depression']","output":"Dementia"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following statements about sulfonamides is FALSE?","input":"Choices: ['Sulfonamides inhibit bacterial dihydrofolate reductase', 'Dysfunction of the basal ganglia may occur in the newborn if sulfonamides are administered late in pregnancy', 'Sulfonamides crystalluria is most likely to occur at low urinary pH', 'Sulfonamide are antimetabolites']","output":"Sulfonamides inhibit bacterial dihydrofolate reductase"} +{"instruction":"Not a feature of ZES?","input":"Choices: ['Diarrhea non-responsive to fasting', 'Epigastric pain', 'Large gastric ulcer', 'Secretin study is the investigation of choice']","output":"Large gastric ulcer"} +{"instruction":"A 85-year-old woman has large blistering lesions on the abdomen and thighs that come and go without therapy (See Figure below) Nikolsky sign is negative. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?","input":"Choices: ['pemphigus vulgaris (PV)', 'dermatitis herpetiformis (DH)', 'bullous pemphigoid', 'herpes gestationis']","output":"bullous pemphigoid"} +{"instruction":"Madelung's deformity involves WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING ?","input":"Choices: ['Humerus head', 'Proximal ulna', 'Distal radius', 'Carpal bones']","output":"Distal radius"} +{"instruction":"Esthesioneuroblastoma arises from:","input":"Choices: ['Olfactory epithelium', 'Ethmoid sinus', 'Maxillary sinus', 'Sphenoid sinus']","output":"Olfactory epithelium"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is not true regarding Von Willebrand disease?","input":"Choices: ['Normal platelet count', 'Quantitative defects are seen in subtypes 1 and 3 von Willebrand disease', 'Hemahrosis is the usual presentation', 'Produced by endothelial cells']","output":"Hemahrosis is the usual presentation"} +{"instruction":"You are clearing the doubts of one of your patients with Marjolin's ulcer. Though Marjolin's ulcer is a squamous cell carcinoma it doesn't readily spread through the lymph nodes. Which is the TRUE attributed reason?","input":"Choices: ['The cells are of a lower malignant potential', 'It is more rapidly diagnosed compared to a typical squamous cell Ca', 'The scar tissue it occurs in has no lymphatics', 'None of the above']","output":"The scar tissue it occurs in has no lymphatics"} +{"instruction":"Dental pulp is derived from","input":"Choices: ['Cephalic neural crest cells', 'Mesenchymal cells', 'Ectodermal cells', 'Endodermal cells']","output":"Cephalic neural crest cells"} +{"instruction":"Palpable purpura is seen in –","input":"Choices: ['PAN', 'ITP', 'TTP', 'DIC']","output":"PAN"} +{"instruction":"Fir tree appearance of bladder is seen in","input":"Choices: ['Schistosomiasis', 'Neurogenic bladder', 'Tuberculosis', 'Pelvic abscess']","output":"Neurogenic bladder"} +{"instruction":"All are related to criminal responsibility of insame except ?","input":"Choices: ['Currens rule', 'Durhan rule', 'Mc Naughten rule', 'Resp ispa loquitar']","output":"Resp ispa loquitar"} +{"instruction":"In cavity preparation, line angle is","input":"Choices: ['Union of three surfaces', 'Union of four surfaces', 'The junction of two plane surfaces of different orientation along a line', 'Internal boundary of a cavity']","output":"The junction of two plane surfaces of different orientation along a line"} +{"instruction":"True about Stage III B Endometrial Carcinoma","input":"Choices: ['Vaginal metastasis', 'Lymph node metastasis', 'Bowel involvement', 'Lung metastasis']","output":"Vaginal metastasis"} +{"instruction":"HIV pt with malabsotion, fever, chronic diarrhoea, with acid fast positive organism. What is the causative agent ?","input":"Choices: ['Giardia', 'Microsporidia', 'Isospora', 'E. histolytica']","output":"Isospora"} +{"instruction":"All of the following are supplied by facial nerve, EXCEPT?","input":"Choices: ['Lacrimal gland', 'Submandibular gland', 'Sublingual glands', 'Parotid gland']","output":"Parotid gland"} +{"instruction":"The most common congenital anomaly of the urinary tract:","input":"Choices: ['Epispadias', 'Hypospadias', 'Exstrophy of bladder', 'Posterior urethral valve']","output":"Hypospadias"} +{"instruction":"Many times the most important step that can be taken to reduce morbidity and mortality from common medical conditions such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease is to focus on lifestyle and\/or risk factor modification. A 45-year-old, healthy nonsmoking woman with a normal BMI (24) has been found on two occasions to have a blood pressure of 145\/95. She has no family history of premature coronary artery disease. For this patient, choose the most important step to take next.","input":"Choices: ['Urge the patient to quit smoking and discuss the various available medications to assist in the process.', 'Recommend an exercise program such as brisk walking for at least 30 minutes per day and a low salt, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet.', 'Prescribe a low-cholesterol diet and statin drug.', 'Recommend aspirin (81 mg) daily.']","output":"Recommend an exercise program such as brisk walking for at least 30 minutes per day and a low salt, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet."} +{"instruction":"Which ester local anesthetic undergoes significant liver metabolism -","input":"Choices: ['Tetracaine', 'Cocaine', 'Procaine', 'Chloroprocaine']","output":"Cocaine"} +{"instruction":"Neuro adaptation to drug is same as","input":"Choices: ['Physical dependence', 'Psychological dependence', 'Addiction', 'Habituation']","output":"Physical dependence"} +{"instruction":"Select True and false statements regarding temporomandibular joint\na. Temporomandibular joint is synovial joint\nb. Articular disc is remnant of tendon of medial pterygoid\nc. Gliding movements occur in lower compartment and rotatory\nmovements occur in upper compartment\nd. Joint capsule is thick and tight in lower part and loose and lax in\nupper part\ne. Sphenomandibular ligament acts as false support to the joint and is\nattached to angle of mandible","input":"Choices: ['a - True, b - True, c - True, d - False, e - True', 'a - False, b - False, c - False, d - True, e - True', 'a - True, b - False, c - False, d - True, e - False', 'a - False, b - True, c - False, d - True, e - True']","output":"a - True, b - False, c - False, d - True, e - False"} +{"instruction":"Break point chlorination means:","input":"Choices: ['Start of chlorination process', 'End of chlorination process', 'When free residual chlorine starts appearing', 'After partial saturation of water with chlorine']","output":"When free residual chlorine starts appearing"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following clinical laboratory observations is suggestive of Hanup disease?","input":"Choices: ['Burnt sugar smell in urine', 'High plasma phenylalanine levels', 'Extremely high levels of citrulline in urine', 'High fecal levels of tryptophan and indole derivatives']","output":"High fecal levels of tryptophan and indole derivatives"} +{"instruction":"All of the following symptoms are seen in cystitis Except","input":"Choices: ['Fever', 'Hematuria', 'Dysuria', 'Nocturia']","output":"Fever"} +{"instruction":"Partner treatment is not required in all of the following except","input":"Choices: ['Bacterial vaginosis', 'Herpes genitalis', 'Candidal vaginitis', 'Trichomoniasis']","output":"Trichomoniasis"} +{"instruction":"All of the following cause metabolic headache except:","input":"Choices: ['Hypoxia', 'Hypercapnia', 'Hyperglycemia', 'Hyponatremia']","output":"Hyperglycemia"} +{"instruction":"Most potent estrogen is:","input":"Choices: ['Estrone (El)', 'Estradiol (E2)', 'Estriol (E3)', 'All are equal in potency']","output":"Estradiol (E2)"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following markers in the blood is the most reliable indicator of recent hepatitis B infection?","input":"Choices: ['HBsAg', 'IgG anti - HBs', 'IgM anti HBc', 'IgM anti - HBe']","output":"IgM anti HBc"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is a pro drug is -","input":"Choices: ['Levodopa', 'Poiglitazone', 'Dexamethasone', 'Captopril']","output":"Levodopa"} +{"instruction":"A 16-year-old girl has not yet reached menarche. She has normal secondary sex characteristics, and visual inspection of her external genitalia is unremarkable. The patient is given progesterone and has withdrawal bleeding a few days later. This patient most likely has","input":"Choices: ['Primary ovarian disease', 'Turner syndrome', 'A destructive hypothalamic disorder', 'A constitutional delay in pubey']","output":"A constitutional delay in pubey"} +{"instruction":"A patient who is on long term steroid developed ceain ocular symptoms since few weeks. Which of the following condition is caused by chronic steroid use?","input":"Choices: ['Open angle glaucoma', 'Conjunctival papillomatosis', 'Uveitis', 'None of the above']","output":"Open angle glaucoma"} +{"instruction":"Cantrell pentology include all except –","input":"Choices: ['VSD', 'ASD', 'TOF', 'Trisomy 21']","output":"Trisomy 21"} +{"instruction":"A 35 year old man presents to an emergency depament with an exquisitely tender prostate gland. An acute bacterial infection is suspected. Which of the following organisms is the most common pathogen in this setting?","input":"Choices: ['Enterobacter', 'Escherichia', 'Klebsiella', 'Proteus']","output":"Escherichia"} +{"instruction":"Internal laryngeal nerve runs along which border of Pharyngeal muscle","input":"Choices: ['Medial', 'Lateral', 'Superior', 'Inferior']","output":"Superior"} +{"instruction":"Cause of ITP is","input":"Choices: ['Vasculitis', 'Antibody to vascular epithelium', 'Antibody to platelets', 'Antibody to clotting factors']","output":"Antibody to platelets"} +{"instruction":"Hutchinson's triad consists of Hutchinson's teeth, 8th nerve deafness and-","input":"Choices: ['Interstitial keratitis', 'Saddle nose', \"Clutton's joints\", 'Sabre tibiae']","output":"Interstitial keratitis"} +{"instruction":"A very potent and short-acting benzodiazepine was given to a patient Kallu for the purpose of causing hypnosis but the drug caused psychiatric disturbances in him. Which of the following can be the hypnotic used?","input":"Choices: ['Flurazepam', 'Nitrazepam', 'Temazepam', 'Triazolam']","output":"Triazolam"} +{"instruction":"Friedreich's ataxia is usually not associated with","input":"Choices: ['Acid-peptic disorder', 'Cardiovascular abnormalities', 'CNS abnormalities', 'Peripheral nerve involvement']","output":"Acid-peptic disorder"} +{"instruction":"Sites notorious for incised looking wound are all except:","input":"Choices: ['Chest', 'Zygoma', 'Iliac crest', 'Shin']","output":"Chest"} +{"instruction":"Hyperparathyroidism will lead to which bony changes given below?","input":"Choices: ['multiple bone cysts', 'Subperiosteal bone resorption', \"Brown's tumor\", 'All of the above']","output":"All of the above"} +{"instruction":"Petechial hemorhages in drowning is seen in :","input":"Choices: ['Subpleural tissues of lung', 'Submucosa of trachea', 'Bronchioles', 'Alveoli']","output":"Subpleural tissues of lung"} +{"instruction":"Low apparent volume of distribution (aVd) indicates:","input":"Choices: ['Drug is not extensively distributed in organs and tissues', 'Low bioavailability', 'Low T 1\/2', 'Very low efficacy']","output":"Drug is not extensively distributed in organs and tissues"} +{"instruction":"Complication of trauma to danger area of face ?","input":"Choices: ['Cavernous sinus infection', 'Meningitis', 'Visual loss', 'Loss of memory']","output":"Cavernous sinus infection"} +{"instruction":"Universal antidote consists of: Jharkhand 11","input":"Choices: ['Activated charcoal', 'Copper sulfate', 'Egg white', 'Starch']","output":"Activated charcoal"} +{"instruction":"Which anaesthetic is contraindicated in renal failure?","input":"Choices: ['Isoflurane', 'Desflurane', 'Halothane', 'Methoxyflurne']","output":"Methoxyflurne"} +{"instruction":"An albino girl gets married to a normal boy, What are . An albino girl gets married to a normal boy, What are","input":"Choices: ['None affected, all carriers', 'All normal', '50% carriers', '50% affected, 50% carriers']","output":"None affected, all carriers"} +{"instruction":"Koebner's phenomenon is characteristic of","input":"Choices: ['Psoriasis', 'Pemphigus vulgaris', 'Pityriasis rosea', 'Lupus vulgaris']","output":"Psoriasis"} +{"instruction":"Deformity associated with ulnar nerve injury is:","input":"Choices: ['Wrist drop', 'Simon hand', 'Claw hand', 'Ape thumb deformity']","output":"Claw hand"} +{"instruction":"Following are causes of unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia except -","input":"Choices: ['Hemolytic anemia', 'Large hematoma', 'Rotor syndrome', 'Megaloblastic anemia']","output":"Rotor syndrome"} +{"instruction":"A biopsy of affected skin in Pemphigus vulgaris would show which of the following?","input":"Choices: ['Acantholysis', 'Balloon degeneration', 'Reticular changes', 'Spongiosis']","output":"Acantholysis"} +{"instruction":"Blood gas paition coefficient of anaesthetic agent tells about","input":"Choices: ['Solubility in blood', 'Potency of agent', 'Time lag of induction of anaesthesia', 'All of the above']","output":"Time lag of induction of anaesthesia"} +{"instruction":"Actinomycosis most commonly affects","input":"Choices: ['Thorax', 'Facio - cervical region', 'Liver', 'Pelvis']","output":"Facio - cervical region"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is the best tuning fork to do Rinne's and Weber s tests","input":"Choices: ['128 Hz', '256 Hz', '512 Hz', '1024 Hz']","output":"512 Hz"} +{"instruction":"Drug of choice for treatment of Alzhiemer's disease is:","input":"Choices: ['Donepezil', 'Atropine', 'Physostigmine', 'Fluoxetine']","output":"Donepezil"} +{"instruction":"The major risk factor along with alcohol intake for the development of alcoholic liver disease among the following is:","input":"Choices: ['Chronic HCV infection', 'Chronic HBV infection', 'Non hepatotropic virus infection', 'Abdominal tuberculosis']","output":"Chronic HCV infection"} +{"instruction":"All of the following are true about abdominal compament syndrome except:","input":"Choices: ['Characterized by a increased peak inspiratory pressure, decreased urinary output', 'Can lead to fatal complications due to pulmonary failure and mesenteric vascular compromise', 'A urinary bladder catheter is the gold standard indirect method used to measure IAP', 'Grade III abdominal compament syndrome is managed by hypovolemic resuscitation']","output":"Grade III abdominal compament syndrome is managed by hypovolemic resuscitation"} +{"instruction":"In Ingle's method of Endodontic working length determination, safety allowance is for","input":"Choices: ['Possible image distortion or magnification', 'To confirm with apical termination', 'Periapical bone resorption', 'Recording final working length']","output":"Possible image distortion or magnification"} +{"instruction":"All of the following regarding tetanus are true except:","input":"Choices: ['Caused by Clostridium tetani', 'Spores are present in the soil', 'Produce tetanospasmin an endotoxin', 'Produces spasm of muscles']","output":"Produce tetanospasmin an endotoxin"} +{"instruction":"'Uvula' seen in bladder is?","input":"Choices: ['Median lobe of prostate', 'Lateral lobe', 'Anterior lobe', 'Posterior lobe']","output":"Median lobe of prostate"} +{"instruction":"A 35-year-old male with a stab wound on the right upper quadrant of the abdomen just below the costal margin is brought to emergency room with BP 80\/50 mm Hg and pulse rate 140\/min. FAST reveals blood in Right upper quadrant. Immediately the patient is taken for emergency laparotomy. To stop the bleeding, surgeon tries to occlude the free edge of lesser omentum. However, the bleeding does not stop. Which of the following structure is likely source of haemorrhage?","input":"Choices: ['Hepatic aery', 'Cystic aery', 'Poal vein', 'Inferior vena cava']","output":"Inferior vena cava"} +{"instruction":"A woman trying to get pregnant has a sister whose child has an autosomal recessive disease characterized by dysfunction of mucus-secreting cells. As a result, this child has abnormally thick mucus that tends to precipitate into dense plugs that obstruct the pancreatic ducts, bronchi, and bronchioles, as well as the bile ducts. Which of the following tests could be performed to determine if this woman and her husband are carriers of this disease?","input":"Choices: ['Nohern blot', 'PCR and sequencing', 'Southern blot', 'Western blot']","output":"PCR and sequencing"} +{"instruction":"Exposure to noise above-causes permanent hearing loss -","input":"Choices: ['90 dB', '100 dB', '125 dB', '160 dB']","output":"160 dB"} +{"instruction":"Operation theatre fire is most commonly due to:-","input":"Choices: ['Argon beam coagulation', 'Lasers', 'Fibre optic illumination', 'Electrosurgical equipment']","output":"Electrosurgical equipment"} +{"instruction":"Endolymphatic hydrops:","input":"Choices: [\"Meniere's disease\", 'Monoaural Diplacusis', 'Lermoyez Syndrome', 'Otosclerosis']","output":"Meniere's disease"} +{"instruction":"Treatment of choice for the annular pancreas is","input":"Choices: ['Gastro jejunostomy', 'Pancreatectomy', \"Whipple's procedure\", 'Duodeno duodenostomy']","output":"Duodeno duodenostomy"} +{"instruction":"Glycogen storage disease with predominant muscle involvement –","input":"Choices: ['Type I', 'Type III', 'Type IV', 'Type V']","output":"Type V"} +{"instruction":"A thyroid biopsy obtained from a 29-year-old woman complains of nervousness and muscle weakness of 6 months in duration. She is intolerant of heat and sweats excessively. She has lost 9 kg (20 lb) pounds over past 6 months, despite increased caloric intake. She frequently finds her hea racing and can feel it pounding in her chest. She also states that she has missed several menstrual periods over the past few months. Physical examination reveals warm and moist skin and bulging eyes (exophthalmos). Which of the following best describes the pathologic findings?","input":"Choices: ['Atrophy and fibrosis', 'Dense lymphoid infiltrate with germinal centers', 'Follicular hyperplasia with scalloping of colloid', 'Necrotizing parenchymal granulomas']","output":"Follicular hyperplasia with scalloping of colloid"} +{"instruction":"An 18 year old male comes to the university clinic suppoed by his roommates because he cannot walk. He describes a rapidly evolving weakness affecting his legs and feet staing 2 days ago. On physical examination he cannot move his feet or ankles and he can barely raise his thighs off the bed. He has symmetrical hyporeflexia of the legs, but his sensorium is completely intact. Scanning his cha, the physician notes that he was treated 10 days previously for an upper respiratory tract infection. The immunological response producing the patient's symptoms is most intense at which of the following locations?","input":"Choices: ['Lateral coicospinal tracts', 'Neuromuscular junction', 'Precentral gyrus', 'Spinal motor nerves']","output":"Spinal motor nerves"} +{"instruction":"Increased frequency of HLA-B 27 is seen in all the following diseases except -","input":"Choices: ['Ankylosing spondylitis', 'Reiters syndrome', 'Acute anterior uveitis', 'Myasthenia gravis']","output":"Myasthenia gravis"} +{"instruction":"Following are used in planning of Helath education except -","input":"Choices: ['Cover felt needs', 'Using simple words', 'Catchy slogans', 'Ensuring paicpation']","output":"Catchy slogans"} +{"instruction":"Ammonia is detoxified in brain by:","input":"Choices: ['Creatinine', 'Uric acid', 'Glutamine', 'Urea']","output":"Glutamine"} +{"instruction":"Rats are administered with 1PPM NaF and ALF3, all of the following will happen, except?","input":"Choices: ['Alpha amyloidosis', 'Beta amyloidosis', 'Kidney and brain affected', 'Brain cell liquefaction']","output":"Alpha amyloidosis"} +{"instruction":"The detection rate of Down syndrome with first-trimester screening with NT, PAPP-A, and hCG is","input":"Choices: ['64-70%', '80-84%', '94-96%', '99%']","output":"80-84%"} +{"instruction":"The most common source of embolism:","input":"Choices: ['DVT', 'Trauma', 'Infection', 'Surgery']","output":"DVT"} +{"instruction":"NIH swab is used to demonstrate","input":"Choices: ['Enterobius', 'Trichuris', 'Ancyclostoma', 'Necator']","output":"Enterobius"} +{"instruction":"A 25 years old female complains of recurrent rhinitis, nasal discharge and bilateral nasal blockage since one year. She has history of asthma and allergy. On examination multiple ethmoidal polyps are noted with mucosal thickening and impacted secretions in both the nasal cavities. Biopsy is taken and the material is cultured which shown the growth of many hyphae and pseudohyphae with dichotomous branching typically at 45deg. Which of the following is the most likely responsible organism?","input":"Choices: ['Aspergillus fumigatus', 'Rhizopus', 'Mucor', 'Candida']","output":"Aspergillus fumigatus"} +{"instruction":"A lady with 37 weeks pregnancy, presented with bleeding per vagina. Investigation shows severe degree of placenta pre. The treatment is","input":"Choices: ['Immediate C. S.', 'Blood transfusion', 'Conservative', 'Medical induction of labour']","output":"Immediate C. S."} +{"instruction":"Marker specific for Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor (GIST): September 2012","input":"Choices: ['CD117', 'CD34', 'CD23', 'S-100']","output":"CD117"} +{"instruction":"Antemoem burn differ from postmoem burns by all of the following findings, EXCEPT:","input":"Choices: ['Pus in vesicle', 'Vesicle with hyperemic base', 'Vesicle containing air', 'Inflammatory red line']","output":"Vesicle containing air"} +{"instruction":"Gluteus maximus is supplied by","input":"Choices: ['Superior gluteal nerve', 'Inferior gluteal nerve', 'Nerve to quadratus femoris', 'Sciatic nerve']","output":"Inferior gluteal nerve"} +{"instruction":"Macrophage is -","input":"Choices: ['Monocytes', 'Eosinophils', 'Neutrophils', 'Lymphocytes']","output":"Monocytes"} +{"instruction":"Septal hematoma of the nose is best treated with which of the following?","input":"Choices: ['Incision and drainage', 'Nasal packing', 'Antibiotics', 'Nasal decongestants']","output":"Incision and drainage"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is used to increase antigenicity of vaccine ?","input":"Choices: ['Stabilizer', 'Adjuvant', 'Preservative', 'None of the above']","output":"Adjuvant"} +{"instruction":"Sentinel lymph node biopsy is an impoant pa of the management of which of the following conditions?","input":"Choices: ['Carcinoma prostate', 'Carcinoma breast', 'Carcinoma lung', 'Carcinoma nasopharynx']","output":"Carcinoma breast"} +{"instruction":"A 28 year old female with a several-year history of intermittent diarrhea and abdominal pain is seen for inflammatory bowel disease. Endoscopic evaluation of her terminal ileum, colon, and rectum is undeaken. Which of the following endoscopic observations is more indicative of Crohn's disease than of ulcerative colitis?","input":"Choices: ['Discontinuous mucosal involvement', 'Mucosal atrophy', 'Mucosal ulceration', 'Pseudopolyps']","output":"Discontinuous mucosal involvement"} +{"instruction":"A man underwent vasectomy, but 6 months later his wife was 16 weeks pregnant. What is the most likely cause?","input":"Choices: ['Failure of operative procedure', 'Pregnancy antedating vasectomy', 'Recanalization of vas', 'Failure to use additional contraception in postoperative period']","output":"Failure of operative procedure"} +{"instruction":"One of the following conditions the only means of sexual excitement are in inanimate objects -","input":"Choices: ['Exhibitionism', 'Fetishism', 'Sadism', 'Masochism']","output":"Fetishism"} +{"instruction":"A 60-year old man, weighing 60 Kgs, has a plasma creatinine value of 3 mg\/dL. How much is his creatinine clearance?","input":"Choices: ['22 mL\/min', '44 mL\/min', '66 mL\/min', '88 mL\/min']","output":"22 mL\/min"} +{"instruction":"The hepatic poal vein is formed by the union of which of the following major vessels?","input":"Choices: ['Superior Mesenteric and Inferior Mesenteric Veins', 'Superior Mesenteric and Splenic Veins', 'Superior Mesenteric And left renal vein', 'Inferior Mesenteric and Splenic Vein']","output":"Superior Mesenteric and Splenic Veins"} +{"instruction":"True statements regarding hereditary spherocytosis are all of the following except: March 2012","input":"Choices: ['Splenomegaly', 'Anemia', 'Spherocytosis is a pathognomic finding', 'It is due to intrinsic defect in RBC membrane skeleton']","output":"Spherocytosis is a pathognomic finding"} +{"instruction":"The reshaping process of gingiva in the absence of \nperiodontal pocket is","input":"Choices: ['curettage', 'gingivoplasty', 'gingivectomy', 'flap operation']","output":"gingivoplasty"} +{"instruction":"Cadaveric spasm involves-","input":"Choices: ['Voluntary muscles', 'Involuntary muscles', 'Both voluntary muscles', 'Smooth muscles']","output":"Voluntary muscles"} +{"instruction":"Which malignancy would occur in long standing multinodular goiter ?","input":"Choices: ['Papillary Carcinoma', 'Follicular Carcinoma', 'Anaplastic Carcinoma', 'Medullary Carcinoma']","output":"Follicular Carcinoma"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is involved in transpo of large molecules from cytoplasm to the cell nucleus","input":"Choices: ['Clathrin', 'Caveolae', 'Flotillin', 'Impoins']","output":"Impoins"} +{"instruction":"One of the following systemic diseases involving periodontal tissue is not a disorder of neutrophil function","input":"Choices: ['Agranaulocytosis', 'Chediak-Higashi syndrome', 'Leukemia', 'Cyclic neutropenia']","output":"Leukemia"} +{"instruction":"Investigation of choice in pheochromocytoma is -","input":"Choices: ['CT scan', 'Urinary catecholamines', 'MIBG scan', 'Urinary calcium measurement']","output":"Urinary catecholamines"} +{"instruction":"Rough endoplasmic reticulum is site of synthesis for","input":"Choices: ['Protein', 'Cholesterol', 'Carbohydrate', 'Fat']","output":"Protein"} +{"instruction":"A community has a population of 10,000 and a bih rate of 36 per 1000.5 maternal deaths were repoed in the current year the MMR is -","input":"Choices: ['14.5', '13.8', '20', '5']","output":"13.8"} +{"instruction":"A woman who gave bih 1 day ago left the child in a railway station. This was witnessed by poer in the station and later the mother apprehended. In such a scenario, she would be punishable under:","input":"Choices: ['IPC 318', 'IPC 317', 'IPC 307', 'IPC 320']","output":"IPC 317"} +{"instruction":"Light index in living room is –","input":"Choices: ['8', '15', '20', '25']","output":"8"} +{"instruction":"A 25-year-old pregnant woman, at 16 weeks of gestation, visits her obstetrician. A screening test suggests the possibility of a neural tube defect in her fetus. An ultrasound examination shows a 3-cm neural tube defect in the thoracic spine. The screening test that was administered to the mother measured serum levels of which of the following proteins?","input":"Choices: ['Albumin', 'Alpha-fetoprotein', 'Bilirubin', 'Chromogranin']","output":"Alpha-fetoprotein"} +{"instruction":"A 40 year old woman has severe, disabling rheumatoid ahritis. Rheumatoid factor is positive. What would a biopsy of the synovium of her knee most likely reveal?","input":"Choices: ['A nearly normal synovium with scattered inflammatory cells', 'A non-proliferative synovitis with abscess formation', 'A non-proliferative synovitis with many neutrophils', 'A proliferative synovitis with many lymphocytes, macrophages, and plasma cells']","output":"A proliferative synovitis with many lymphocytes, macrophages, and plasma cells"} +{"instruction":"In hand injury first structure to be repaired should be?","input":"Choices: ['Skin', 'Nerve', 'Muscle', 'Bone']","output":"Bone"} +{"instruction":"A 22 yrs old male suffers from decreased sleep, increased sexual activity, excitement and spending excessive money for last 8 days. The diagnosis is:","input":"Choices: ['Confusion', 'Mania', 'Hyperactivity', 'Loss of memory']","output":"Mania"} +{"instruction":"Which of them is not affected by vitamin K deficiency:","input":"Choices: ['Factor IX', 'Factor VII', 'Factor II', 'Factor VIII']","output":"Factor VIII"} +{"instruction":"One of your patients is found to be dyspnoeic. Auscultation of the Lungs revealed bilateral diffuse wheeze. Which drug would you like to use for fastest relief?","input":"Choices: ['Salmeterol', 'Ipratropium Bromide', 'Monteleukast', 'Salbutamol']","output":"Salbutamol"} +{"instruction":"CVS complications of HIV infection includes all of the following, except:","input":"Choices: ['Pericardial effusion', 'Cardiac tamponade', 'Congestive cardiac failure', 'Aortic aneurysm']","output":"Aortic aneurysm"} +{"instruction":"Large bilateral painless effusions of the knees occurring in late congenital syphilis in patients between ages 8 to 18 are designated as","input":"Choices: [\"Clutton's joints\", \"Ramsey's joints\", \"Charcot's joints\", \"Mercer's joints\"]","output":"Clutton's joints"} +{"instruction":"Proteins which have DNA binding domain in its structure are","input":"Choices: ['Zinc finger', 'b - Sheet', 'b - band', 'Beta meander']","output":"Zinc finger"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following flavivirus is closely related to Russian spring summer encephalitis causing virus -","input":"Choices: ['Dengue', 'Chickengunya', 'KFD', 'West Nile fever']","output":"KFD"} +{"instruction":"All of the following are complications of burns except","input":"Choices: ['Ectropion of eyelid', 'Macrostomia', 'Hypertrophic scar', 'Corneal ulcer']","output":"Macrostomia"} +{"instruction":"In a patient with nephrotic syndrome and hypoalbuminemia,protein binding of which drug will not be affected","input":"Choices: ['Tolbutamide', 'Morphoine', 'Diazepam', 'Valproate']","output":"Tolbutamide"} +{"instruction":"An Employer is responsible not only for his own negligence but also for activity done by his employee. This comes under","input":"Choices: ['Vicarious liability', 'State liability', 'Personal liability', 'Company liability']","output":"Vicarious liability"} +{"instruction":"Allodynia is","input":"Choices: ['Feeling pain without stimulus', 'Feeling pain to a normal non painful stimulus', 'Both', 'None']","output":"Feeling pain to a normal non painful stimulus"} +{"instruction":"A child presents with massive hemetemesis and systemic hypotension. He has no fever or other significant history. Examination reveal massive splenomegaly but no hepatomegaly. Likely diagnosis is","input":"Choices: ['Hepatocellular carcinoma', 'Bleeding duodenal ulcer', 'Oesophageal varices', 'Non-cirrhotic poal fibrosis']","output":"Non-cirrhotic poal fibrosis"} +{"instruction":"Reference protein is","input":"Choices: ['Milk', 'Meat', 'Egg', 'Pulses']","output":"Egg"} +{"instruction":"All of the following are predictive tests for PIH except","input":"Choices: ['Rolling over test', 'Serum uricacid', 'Gain in weight > 2 kg in one month', 'Shake test']","output":"Shake test"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following techniques is the best for differentiating recurrence of brain tumour from radiation therapy induced necrosis?","input":"Choices: ['MRI', 'Contrast enhanced MR1', 'PET scan', 'CT scan']","output":"PET scan"} +{"instruction":"On accident there is a damage if cervical spine, first line of management is-","input":"Choices: ['X- ray', 'Turn head to side', 'Maintain airway', 'Stabilise the cervical spine']","output":"Maintain airway"} +{"instruction":"Acute intravascular hemolysis can be caused by infection due to all of the following organisms except-","input":"Choices: ['Clostridium tetani', 'Bartonella bacilliformis', 'Plasmodium falciparum', 'Babesia microti']","output":"Clostridium tetani"} +{"instruction":"A 35-year-old woman with active lupus nephritis falls forward and lands on her left hand. She has immediate pain. On examination, there is crepitus at the wrist. A radiograph shows radial and navicular fractures along with marked osteopenia. Which of the following medications most likely contributed to the fracture?","input":"Choices: ['Hydrocortisone', 'Ibuprofen', 'Lisinopril', 'Losartan']","output":"Hydrocortisone"} +{"instruction":"A 5 year old child presents with mental retardation, seizures, with lighter skin complexion. The diagnosis is","input":"Choices: ['Maple syrup urine disease', 'Albinism', 'Phenylketonuria', 'Alkaptonuria']","output":"Phenylketonuria"} +{"instruction":"Blood Samples for DNA fingerprinting should be transpoed in?","input":"Choices: ['Normal saline', 'EDTA', 'NaF', 'Thymol']","output":"EDTA"} +{"instruction":"Minimum alveolar concentration is an indicator of","input":"Choices: ['Efficacy of anaesthetic', 'Potency of anaesthetic', 'Rate of onset of action', 'None']","output":"Potency of anaesthetic"} +{"instruction":"Remodelling phase (maturing phase) is characterized by","input":"Choices: ['Type I replacing type IV collagen', 'Type I replacing type III collagen', 'Type IV replacing type I collagen', 'Type III replacing type I collagen']","output":"Type I replacing type III collagen"} +{"instruction":"Karyotyping of fetus can be done through all of the following invasive methods except:","input":"Choices: ['Amniocentesis', 'Cordocentesis', 'Chorionic villous sampling', 'fetal skin biopsy']","output":"fetal skin biopsy"} +{"instruction":"All changes occur in fibroid uterus. Except -","input":"Choices: ['Atrophy', 'Squamous metaplasia', 'Hyaline degeneration', 'Calcification']","output":"Squamous metaplasia"} +{"instruction":"Lignocaine can be used in all except -","input":"Choices: ['Ventricular fibrillation', 'Spinal anaesthesia', 'Epidural anaesthesia', 'Convulsions']","output":"Convulsions"} +{"instruction":"What is the amount of occlusal reduction required for metal ceramic facing on the non-functional cusp?","input":"Choices: ['0.5 - 1 mm', '1 - 1.5 mm', '1.5 - 2 mm', '2 - 2.5 mm']","output":"0.5 - 1 mm"} +{"instruction":"NOT a content of carpal tunnel:-","input":"Choices: ['Flexor digitorum superficialis', 'Flexor digitorum profundus', 'Ulnar nerve', 'Median nerve']","output":"Ulnar nerve"} +{"instruction":"Syncope:","input":"Choices: ['Is associated with bradycardia and loss of consciousness', 'Never occurs in children', 'Always associated with hypoglycemia', 'Best treated in a sitting posture']","output":"Is associated with bradycardia and loss of consciousness"} +{"instruction":"Other than osteosarcoma, sun-ray appearance is also seen in:","input":"Choices: [\"Ewing's sarcoma\", 'Fibrous dysplasia', 'Chondrosarcoma', 'All of the above']","output":"Ewing's sarcoma"} +{"instruction":"A one-month-old female child has swelled over the back in the sacral region. There is no cough impulse in the swelling. X-ray examination shows erosion of the coccyx. The most likely clinical diagnosis would be -","input":"Choices: ['Meningocele', 'Lipoma', 'Sacro-coccygeal teratoma', 'Neurofibroma']","output":"Sacro-coccygeal teratoma"} +{"instruction":"All cause malabsorption except aEUR'","input":"Choices: ['Giardiasis', 'Ascaris lumbricoides', 'Strongyloides', 'Capillaria phillipinesis']","output":"Ascaris lumbricoides"} +{"instruction":"Pulmonary endothelium is NOT concerned with which of the following:","input":"Choices: ['Lipoprotein lipase', 'Plasminogen activator', 'Thrombin', 'Factor X']","output":"Factor X"} +{"instruction":"A 45-year-old male with history of recurrent ureteric calculi presented with fever. Right-sided nephrectomy was performed. Gross view and histology have been provided. What is your diagnosis?","input":"Choices: ['Chronic pyelonephritis with hydronephrosis', 'Renal cell carcinoma', 'Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease', 'Cystic dyspiastie kidney']","output":"Chronic pyelonephritis with hydronephrosis"} +{"instruction":"MC germ cell tumor is","input":"Choices: ['Embryonal teratoma', 'Dermoid', 'Rhabdomyosarcoma', 'Seminoma']","output":"Seminoma"} +{"instruction":"Most common site of prostatic carcinoma","input":"Choices: ['Anterior lobe', 'Median lobe', 'Posterior lobe', 'Central zone']","output":"Posterior lobe"} +{"instruction":"Postoperative vomiting is uncommon with this intravenous anaesthetic agent and patients are able to ambulate sooner than those who receive other anaesthetic agents:","input":"Choices: ['Ketamine', 'Enflurane', 'Propofol', 'Remifentanil']","output":"Propofol"} +{"instruction":"Greenish vaginal discharge with severe itching points to a diagnosis of:","input":"Choices: ['Candidiasis', 'Senile vaginitis', 'Trichomoniasis', 'Pyogenic vaginitis']","output":"Trichomoniasis"} +{"instruction":"Most common congenital malformation seen in a diabetic pregnant woman amongst the following are :","input":"Choices: ['Cardiac defect', 'Renal defect', 'Liver defect', 'Lung defect']","output":"Cardiac defect"} +{"instruction":"Appearance of burn hematoma: DNB 09; Punjab 10","input":"Choices: ['Honeycomb like', 'Disc shaped', 'Stellate shaped', 'Smooth and rubbery']","output":"Honeycomb like"} +{"instruction":"Ions participating in clotting mechanism are:","input":"Choices: ['Iron', 'Copper', 'Calcium', 'Aluminium']","output":"Calcium"} +{"instruction":"The following are causes of secretory diarrhoea except-","input":"Choices: ['Vibrio cholerae', 'Inflammatory bowel disease', 'Lactose intolerance', 'Gastrinoma 3138. Treatment for']","output":"Inflammatory bowel disease"} +{"instruction":"A 21 year old primigravida is admitted at 39 weeks gestation with painless antepaum hemorrhage. On examination uterus is soft non-tender and head engaged. The management for her would be :","input":"Choices: ['Blood transfusion and sedatives', 'A speculum examination', 'Pelvic examination in OT', 'Tocolysis and sedatives']","output":"Pelvic examination in OT"} +{"instruction":"True about light microscopy in minimal change disease is :","input":"Choices: ['Loss of foot process seen', 'Anti GBM Abs seen', 'IgA deposits seen', 'No change seen']","output":"No change seen"} +{"instruction":"Bird face can be found in all except:","input":"Choices: ['Bilateral TMJ ankylosis.', 'Teacher Collins syndrome.', 'Scleroderma.', 'Pierre Robin syndrome.']","output":"Scleroderma."} +{"instruction":"Upper dose limit of lignocaine in a 70 kg adult is","input":"Choices: ['100 mg', '150 mg', '200 mg', '250 mg']","output":"200 mg"} +{"instruction":"Adrenal hyperplasia due to 21 hydroxylase deficiency is treated with low dose -","input":"Choices: ['Androgen', 'Estrogen', 'Coisone', 'Anti-androgen']","output":"Coisone"} +{"instruction":"“Genital elephantiasis” is caused by","input":"Choices: ['Lymphogranuloma venereum', 'Chancroid', 'Syphilis', 'Rickettsia']","output":"Lymphogranuloma venereum"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following statements concerning Hassall corpuscles is true?","input":"Choices: ['They are located in the thymic coex of young individuals.', 'They are located in the thymic coex of old individuals.', 'They are derived from mesoderm.', 'They are located in the thymic medulla']","output":"They are located in the thymic medulla"} +{"instruction":"The rate of skeletal muscle relaxation is related to the rate:","input":"Choices: ['At which free Ca++ is removed from the sarcoplasm', 'At which phosphocreatine is metabolized', 'Of ATP hydrolysis', 'Of acetylcholine resynthesis']","output":"At which free Ca++ is removed from the sarcoplasm"} +{"instruction":"A village with 10000 population 250 suffered from malaria out of which 50 dead, another 100 suffered from dengue out of which 30 died in 2013 case fatality rate of dengue is ?","input":"Choices: ['40', '80', '30', '70']","output":"30"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following contrast agents is preferred in a patient with a decreased renal function to avoid contrast nephropathy –","input":"Choices: ['Acetylcystine', 'Fenoldapam', 'Mannitol', 'Low osmolar contrast']","output":"Low osmolar contrast"} +{"instruction":"Left Pleural effusion is detected best in which position: March 2005","input":"Choices: ['Supine', 'Axial', 'Left lateral decubitus', 'Right lateral decubitus']","output":"Left lateral decubitus"} +{"instruction":"An 18-year-old college student presents with fever, headache, neck stiffness, and petechial rash on his ankles. Lumbar puncture shows abundance of white blood cells with extracellular as well as intracellular gram-negative diplococci. Select the most appropriate isolation precaution.","input":"Choices: ['Standard precautions', 'Contact precautions', 'Droplet precautions', 'Airborne precautions']","output":"Droplet precautions"} +{"instruction":"Malate shuttle is impoant in:","input":"Choices: ['Liver and Hea', 'Brain and Hea', 'Brain and Skeletal muscle', 'Liver and Skeletal muscle']","output":"Liver and Hea"} +{"instruction":"Surfactant synthesis stas after about","input":"Choices: ['26 weeks of foetal life', '20 weeks of foetal life', '30 weeks of foetal life', '18 weeks of foetal life']","output":"20 weeks of foetal life"} +{"instruction":"Which one of the following androgen is not produced by Leydig cells of testis?","input":"Choices: ['Testosterone', 'Androstenedione', 'Dihydrotestosterone', 'Dehydroepiandrostenedione']","output":"Dihydrotestosterone"} +{"instruction":"Which single rooted tooth will most commonly have an abnormal 2nd canal","input":"Choices: ['Lower Canine', 'Lower First premolar', 'Lower 2nd premolar', 'Upper 1st premolar']","output":"Lower First premolar"} +{"instruction":"Type of tympanogram seen in Otitis media with effusion is?","input":"Choices: ['Type A', 'Type B', 'Type C', 'Type D']","output":"Type B"} +{"instruction":"Which is an omega-9 fatty acid ?","input":"Choices: ['Arachidonic acid', 'Oleic acid', 'Linolenic acid', 'Cervonic acid']","output":"Oleic acid"} +{"instruction":"Xerophthalmia is caused by:","input":"Choices: ['Vitamin A deficiency', 'Vitamin D deficiency', 'Vitamin C deficiency', 'Vitamin K deficiency']","output":"Vitamin A deficiency"} +{"instruction":"Hand-foot syndrome is seen in ?","input":"Choices: ['Frost bite', 'Sickle cell disease', \"Raynaud's phenomenon\", 'Thalassemia']","output":"Sickle cell disease"} +{"instruction":"Sacrotuberous ligament is not pierced by","input":"Choices: ['Coccygeal branch of Inferior gluteal nerve', 'Perforating cutaneous nerves', 'Posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh', 'Filaments of Coccygeal plexus']","output":"Posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh"} +{"instruction":"A patient had fever and coryza for last 3 days developed a maculopapular erythematous rash with which lasted for 48 hrs and disappeared without leaving behind pigmentation is most commonly due to –","input":"Choices: ['Measles', 'Typhoid', 'Roseola infantum', 'Fifth disease']","output":"Roseola infantum"} +{"instruction":"\"Attributing one's unacceptable feelings to others\" is known as","input":"Choices: ['Projection', 'Sublimition', 'Dissosiation', 'Reaction formation']","output":"Projection"} +{"instruction":"Cellular immunity is induced by-","input":"Choices: ['NK-cells', 'Dendritic-cells', 'TH1-cells', 'TH2-cells']","output":"TH1-cells"} +{"instruction":"Radiologic feature suggestive of Achalasia cardia is-","input":"Choices: ['Absence of gastric air bubble', 'Air fluid level in mediastinum', 'Sigmoid ecophagus', 'All of the above']","output":"All of the above"} +{"instruction":"Cut off value of cervical length for prediction of preterm labor?","input":"Choices: ['1.5 cm', '2.5 cm', '3.5 cm', '4.5 cm']","output":"2.5 cm"} +{"instruction":"A female is dead in the emergency depament due to burns after cooking gas explosion. Her parents gave evidence against her husband's family. Investigation in a case of Dowry death is done by?","input":"Choices: ['Magistrate', 'Panel', 'Supreme cou', 'Police']","output":"Magistrate"} +{"instruction":"Which is the most common complication of of undescended testis","input":"Choices: ['Torsion', 'Infertility', 'Epididymo-orchitis', 'Indirect inguinal hernia']","output":"Indirect inguinal hernia"} +{"instruction":"Most common organism causing pelvic inflammatory disease?","input":"Choices: ['Neisseria gonorrhea', 'Gardnerella Vaginalis', 'Bacteroides', 'Chlamydia']","output":"Chlamydia"} +{"instruction":"The taste sensation to the anterior 2\/3rd of the tongue is subserved by:","input":"Choices: ['Chorda tympani nerve', \"Jacobson's nerve\", 'Glossopharyngeal nerve', 'Trigeminal nerve']","output":"Chorda tympani nerve"} +{"instruction":"All of the following is used for hirsutism in female expect :","input":"Choices: ['Spironolactone', 'Oxynandrolone', 'Finasteride', 'Flutamide']","output":"Oxynandrolone"} +{"instruction":"Average no. of girls that would be born to a woman if she experiences the current feility pattern throughout her reproductive span (15-44 or 49 years), assuming no moality known as","input":"Choices: ['Net reproduction rate', 'Gross reproduction rate', 'Total marital feility rate', 'Total feility rat']","output":"Gross reproduction rate"} +{"instruction":"A patient has complaint of seeing coloured holoes in the evening and blurring of vision for last few days with normal 10P ?","input":"Choices: ['Prodromal phase of acute angle closure glaucoma', 'Acute angle closure glaucoma', 'Chronic glaucoma', 'Epidemic dropsy']","output":"Prodromal phase of acute angle closure glaucoma"} +{"instruction":"Most crucial pa of tuberculosis control programme is -","input":"Choices: ['Contact tracing', 'BCG vaccination', 'Treatment of sputom positive cases', 'Treatment of X-ray positive cases']","output":"Treatment of sputom positive cases"} +{"instruction":"Joint erosions are not a feature of :","input":"Choices: ['Rheumatoid ahritis', 'Psoriasis', 'Multicentric reticulohistiocytosis', 'Systemic lupus erythematosus']","output":"Systemic lupus erythematosus"} +{"instruction":"Cyproheptadine acts on all receptors except ?","input":"Choices: ['D2', 'H1', 'Muscarinic', '5HT2A']","output":"D2"} +{"instruction":"Which method is used for destroying useless hospital waste products?","input":"Choices: ['Hot air oven', 'Incineration', 'Autoclave', 'Heat sterilization']","output":"Incineration"} +{"instruction":"Risk of HIV transmission is not seen with ?","input":"Choices: ['Whole blood', 'Platelets', 'Plasma derived hepatitis B vaccine', 'Leucocytes vaccines']","output":"Plasma derived hepatitis B vaccine"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is not seen in the syndrome associated with the following condition?","input":"Choices: ['Hypoglycemia', 'Hypeension', 'Frank psychosis', 'Hypokalemia']","output":"Hypoglycemia"} +{"instruction":"The best test for GFR is with","input":"Choices: ['Inulin', 'Hippuric acid', 'Creatinine', 'PAH']","output":"Inulin"} +{"instruction":"A 65-year-old man suffers a sudden fall in mean aerial pressure, 4 hours after his CABG surgery. Other findings include elevated JVP. What is the best next step in the management of this case?","input":"Choices: ['PRBC Transfusion', 'Vasopressors along with the inotropes', 'Immediate re-exploration of the mediastinum', 'Intra-aoic balloon pump']","output":"Immediate re-exploration of the mediastinum"} +{"instruction":"MCH class 3 genes encodes","input":"Choices: ['Complement components C3', 'Tumor necrosis factor', 'IL2', 'Beta 2microglobulin']","output":"Tumor necrosis factor"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is known to cause Pedal Botryomycosis?","input":"Choices: ['Actinomyces somaliensis', 'Nocardia asteroides', 'Staphylococcus aureus', 'Candida glabrata']","output":"Staphylococcus aureus"} +{"instruction":"With regards to the anorectal angle, what is true","input":"Choices: ['It distributes intraabdominal forces onto the pelvic floor and plays and impoant role in continence mechanism', 'It is due to the pull of the external sphincter', 'It is around 30 degrees at trest', 'The angle increases at the time of defecation']","output":"It distributes intraabdominal forces onto the pelvic floor and plays and impoant role in continence mechanism"} +{"instruction":"True statement about hemoglobin is","input":"Choices: ['Each hemoglobin molecule is made of 4 polypeptides of each subunit', 'Two alpha and two beta subunits having a O2 attached to each subunit', 'Each hemoglobin molecule binds to only one O2 molecule', 'Each hemoglobin has one heme molecule']","output":"Each hemoglobin molecule is made of 4 polypeptides of each subunit"} +{"instruction":"Mature bone is otherwise called as :","input":"Choices: ['Woven bone', 'Irregular bone', 'Lamellar bone', 'Resorbing bone']","output":"Lamellar bone"} +{"instruction":"A man presented with (+) fever, chills and jaundice. Diagnosis:","input":"Choices: ['Acute Cholecystitis', 'Acute cholangitis', 'Choledocholithiasis', 'Acute viral hepatitis']","output":"Acute cholangitis"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is used in the treatment of hyperprolactinemia","input":"Choices: ['Cimetidine', 'Methysergide', 'Bromocriptine', 'Ondansetron']","output":"Bromocriptine"} +{"instruction":"In the expiratory flow volume loop shown below, what is the vital capacity:","input":"Choices: ['1 liter', '5.5 liters', '3 liters', '4.5 liters']","output":"4.5 liters"} +{"instruction":"All are true regarding somatization disorder except-","input":"Choices: ['Maintain sick role', '4-Pain symptoms', '1-Sexual symptom', '1-Pseudo neurological symptom']","output":"Maintain sick role"} +{"instruction":"Subconjunctival hemorrhage occurs in all conditions except -","input":"Choices: ['Passive venous congestion', 'Peusis', 'Trauma', 'High intraocular tension']","output":"High intraocular tension"} +{"instruction":"All of the following decrease with age EXCEPT:","input":"Choices: ['Total lung capacity', 'Pa02', 'FRC', 'FEV1']","output":"FRC"} +{"instruction":"History of dislike for sweet food items is typically present in:","input":"Choices: ['Diabetes mellitus', 'Glycogen storage disease', 'Hereditary fructose intolerance', 'Galactosemia']","output":"Hereditary fructose intolerance"} +{"instruction":"A 39-year-old woman claims that she injured her hand at work. She asses that the pain caused by her injury prevents her from working. She has no fuher hand problems after she receives a Rs1 Lakh workers' compensation settlement. This clinical presentation is an example of","input":"Choices: ['factitious disorder', 'conversion disorder', 'factitious disorder by proxy', 'malingering']","output":"malingering"} +{"instruction":"Hinchey classification is used for perforations of colon secondary to -","input":"Choices: ['Trauma', 'Carcinoma', 'Diverticulitis', 'Inflammatory enteropathy']","output":"Diverticulitis"} +{"instruction":"The term 'disease control' employs all of the following except-","input":"Choices: ['Reducing the complications', 'Reducing the risk of fuher transmission', 'Reducing the incidence of disease', 'Reducing the prevalence of the disease']","output":"Reducing the prevalence of the disease"} +{"instruction":"Which one of the following TCA cycle intermediate may not be added or removed by other metabolic pathways?","input":"Choices: ['Oxaloacetate', 'Isocitrate', 'Citrate', 'Fumarate']","output":"Isocitrate"} +{"instruction":"Deverticulum of the stomach -a) Pain is the main symptomb) Usually at cardiac endc) Usually on posterior surfaced) Inversion is the satisfactory treatmente) All of the above","input":"Choices: ['ab', 'bc', 'abc', 'bcd']","output":"abc"} +{"instruction":"Fibroblasts in healing wound are derived from -","input":"Choices: ['Local mesenchyme', 'Epithelium', 'Endothelium', 'Vascular fibrosis']","output":"Local mesenchyme"} +{"instruction":"Drug used for Buerger's disease ?","input":"Choices: ['Xanthinol nicotinate', 'Propranolol', 'GTN', 'All the above']","output":"Xanthinol nicotinate"} +{"instruction":"Delusion of persecution occurs in -","input":"Choices: ['Schizophrenia', 'Paranoid psychosis', 'Manic episode', 'All of the above']","output":"All of the above"} +{"instruction":"Ligament suppoing the talus is","input":"Choices: ['Spring ligament', 'Deltoid ligament', 'Calcaneocuboid ligament', 'Cervical ligament']","output":"Spring ligament"} +{"instruction":"Following acute failure of the left ventricle is the hea is man, pulmonary edema generally begins to appear when left atrial pressure approaches","input":"Choices: ['7 mm Hg', 'I5 mm Hg', '20 mm Hg', '30 mm Hg']","output":"20 mm Hg"} +{"instruction":"All of the following are methods of cellular adaptation EXCEPT -","input":"Choices: ['Atrophy', 'Hyperplasia', 'Hypertrophy', 'Dysplasia']","output":"Dysplasia"} +{"instruction":"The gene for Wilson&;s disease is on","input":"Choices: ['Long arm of Chromosome 13', 'Long arm of Chromosome 6', 'Sho arm of Chromosome 13', 'Sho arm of Chromosome 6']","output":"Long arm of Chromosome 13"} +{"instruction":"The most life threatening complications of septic aboion includes :","input":"Choices: ['Peritonitis', 'Renal failure', 'Hemorrhage', 'None']","output":"None"} +{"instruction":"Mosquitoes whose larvae lie horizontal on water and thus rest parallel to surface of water","input":"Choices: ['Anopheles', 'Aedes', 'Culex', 'Mansonides']","output":"Anopheles"} +{"instruction":"USG FAST does not involve scanning of which region from the following?","input":"Choices: ['Pericardial', 'Pleural', 'Pelvic', 'Hepatic']","output":"Pleural"} +{"instruction":"What is the treatment of choice of unruptured tubal pregnancy with serum p-hCG titre 2000 lU\/ml","input":"Choices: ['Single dose of methotrexate', 'Variable dose of methotrexate', 'Expectant management', 'Laparoscopic salpingostomy']","output":"Single dose of methotrexate"} +{"instruction":"True about Apoptosis aIl Except","input":"Choices: ['Annexin 5 is marker', 'Inflammation is present', 'Cell shrinkage', 'Clumping of chromatin']","output":"Inflammation is present"} +{"instruction":"The following is true about scalenus anterior muscle -","input":"Choices: ['It is attached to the tubercle of second rib', 'It is anterior to the transverse cervical artery', 'It is pierced by the phrenic nerve', 'It separates the subclavian vein from the subclavian artery']","output":"It separates the subclavian vein from the subclavian artery"} +{"instruction":"Snow flake cataract is produced because of :","input":"Choices: ['Aldose reductase', 'Galactose reductase', 'Fructose dehydrogenase', 'Alcohol dehydrogenase']","output":"Aldose reductase"} +{"instruction":"The structure derived from the right foh aoic arch?","input":"Choices: ['Right common carotid aery', 'Right subclan aery', 'Aoic arch', 'None of the above']","output":"Right subclan aery"} +{"instruction":"All of the following are associated with low complement levels, EXCEPT:","input":"Choices: ['Lupus nephritis', 'Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis', 'Atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome', 'Visceral sepsis associated glomerulonephritis']","output":"Visceral sepsis associated glomerulonephritis"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following drug is not used for the overactive bladder","input":"Choices: ['Duloxetine', 'Darifenacin', 'Oxybutynin', 'Flavoxate']","output":"Duloxetine"} +{"instruction":"Population of 1000 is covered by – a) Anganwadi workerb) Health assistantc) Trained Daid) Village health guide","input":"Choices: ['abc', 'ad', 'bc', 'acd']","output":"acd"} +{"instruction":"Apoproteins present in LDL","input":"Choices: ['B-48', 'B-100', 'C-I', 'C-III']","output":"B-100"} +{"instruction":"The skin overlying the region where a venous \"cut down\" is made to access the great saphenous vein is supplied by","input":"Choices: ['Femoral nerve', 'Tibal nerve', 'Sural nerve', 'Superficial perineal nerve']","output":"Femoral nerve"} +{"instruction":"Enzymes involved in PUFA synthesis","input":"Choices: ['Pyruvate carboxylase', 'Acyl transferase', 'Acetyl transferase', 'Desaturase']","output":"Desaturase"} +{"instruction":"Measurement of anatomic dead space is by","input":"Choices: ['O2 breath test', 'Helium dilution test', 'N2 breath test', 'PCO2']","output":"N2 breath test"} +{"instruction":"Anita 15-year-old, complains of heavy periods since 2 months. O\/E: wt 40 kg and BP 120\/80 mmHg. All of the following investigations are indicated, except:","input":"Choices: ['STSH', 'Platelet count', 'Bleeding and clotting time', 'Estradiol levels']","output":"Estradiol levels"} +{"instruction":"Pregnant lady's hanging is postponed by high cou , it comes under which CrPC?","input":"Choices: ['416', '417', '300', '312']","output":"416"} +{"instruction":"Live attenuated microorganisms are used in the following type of vaccine for the production of immunity:","input":"Choices: ['BCG', 'Salk', 'DPT', 'Tetanus toxoid']","output":"BCG"} +{"instruction":"Intra uterine hydronephrosis of 32-34 weeks-management?","input":"Choices: ['Intrauterine drainage', 'Wait until 3 weeks', 'Immediate delivery', 'Require serial USG and other associated anomalies']","output":"Require serial USG and other associated anomalies"} +{"instruction":"Daily dose of Fe for adolescent female is:","input":"Choices: ['1.8 mg\/d', '2.4 mg\/d', '3.4 mg\/d', '4.0 mg\/d']","output":"2.4 mg\/d"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following infestation leads to malabsorption -","input":"Choices: ['Giardia lamblia', 'Ascaris lumbricoides', 'Necator Americanus', 'Ancylostoma duodenale']","output":"Giardia lamblia"} +{"instruction":"Fluoride helps in -","input":"Choices: ['Vision', 'Dentition', 'Myelination', 'Joint stability']","output":"Dentition"} +{"instruction":"Linear deposits of immunoglobulin on immuno-fluorescence microscopy is typical of -","input":"Choices: [\"Goodpasture's syndrome\", \"Wegener's granulomatosis\", 'Lupus nephritis', 'IgA nephropathy']","output":"Goodpasture's syndrome"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is not a prerequisite for performing pneumatic retinopexy:","input":"Choices: ['Fresh retinal detachment', 'Inferior retinal detachment', 'No air travel', 'Pt should be able to maintain position']","output":"Inferior retinal detachment"} +{"instruction":"International notification is a must in the following except -","input":"Choices: ['Plague', 'Cholera', 'Yellow', 'Paralytic polio']","output":"Paralytic polio"} +{"instruction":"A patient presented with splenomegaly, anemia & shows reticulocytosis with increased bone marrow cellularity. The diagnosis is:","input":"Choices: ['Pernicious anemia', 'Hemolytic anemia', 'Myelofibrosis', 'Hairy cell leukemia']","output":"Hemolytic anemia"} +{"instruction":"The first generation and second generation flowable composites are intended to be used for","input":"Choices: ['Class V and Class II restorations, respectively', 'Pit-and-fissure sealants and small anterior restorations, respectively', 'Class I and class II restorations, respectively', 'Pit-and-fissure sealants and Class I restorations, respectively']","output":"Pit-and-fissure sealants and Class I restorations, respectively"} +{"instruction":"True about national population policy 2000:","input":"Choices: ['Reduce MMR to < 30\/10,000 live births', 'Reduce IMR to < 100\/10,000 live births', '100% birth and death registration', '100% institutional deliveries']","output":"100% birth and death registration"} +{"instruction":"The gene responsible for folic acid transpo is situated on:","input":"Choices: ['Chromosome 10', 'Chromosome 5', 'X Chromosome', 'Chromosome 21']","output":"Chromosome 21"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is the treatment of choice for cryptococcal meningitis?","input":"Choices: ['Fluconazole', 'Itraconazole', 'Flucytosine', 'Amphotericin B']","output":"Amphotericin B"} +{"instruction":"F 30 in ICD 10 denotes","input":"Choices: ['mood disorders', 'anxiety disorders', 'substance use disorders', 'psychotic disorders']","output":"mood disorders"} +{"instruction":"Testis are developed from?","input":"Choices: ['Genital ridge', 'Genital tubercle', 'Wolfian duct', 'Mesonephric duct']","output":"Genital ridge"} +{"instruction":"IV fluid replacement (volume & rate) in a trauma patient is determined by :","input":"Choices: ['Urine output', 'Chest condition', 'CVP', 'BP']","output":"Urine output"} +{"instruction":"Which muscle is inserted into the floor of the intertubercular sulcus of the humerus?","input":"Choices: ['Latissimus dorsi', 'Teres major', 'Pectoralis major', 'Deltoid']","output":"Latissimus dorsi"} +{"instruction":"Second gas effect is seen with","input":"Choices: ['Ether', 'Nitrous oxide', 'Halothane', 'Isoflurane']","output":"Nitrous oxide"} +{"instruction":"Regarding hemostasis, true statement for nitric oxide is","input":"Choices: ['Is a vasoconstrictor', 'Inhibits platelet activating factor-1', 'Inhibits Sinoatrial node', 'Inhibits platelet aggregation']","output":"Inhibits platelet aggregation"} +{"instruction":"Disturbed orientation is seen in:","input":"Choices: ['Schizophrenia', 'Neurosis', 'Paranoid personality', 'Organic mental disorder']","output":"Organic mental disorder"} +{"instruction":"The treatment of early stage of East African sleeping sickness is by","input":"Choices: ['Pentamidine', 'Eflornithine', 'Suramin', 'Melarsopol']","output":"Suramin"} +{"instruction":"Imaging study of choice for para nasal sinuses is?","input":"Choices: ['USG', 'CT Scan', 'XrayPNS', 'FDG PET scan']","output":"CT Scan"} +{"instruction":"Clinical manifestations of bronchogenic carcinoma include the following except","input":"Choices: ['Hoarseness of voice due to involvement of left recurrent laryngeal nerve', \"Horner's syndrome\", 'Diaphragmatic palsy due to infiltration of phrenic nerve', 'Gastroparesis due to vagal involvement']","output":"Gastroparesis due to vagal involvement"} +{"instruction":"The incidence of breech at term is NOT RELATED-GYN","input":"Choices: ['1%', '3%', '99.50%', '0.50%']","output":"3%"} +{"instruction":"About autoimmune pancreatitis: a) It is associated with other autoimmune disorders b) Obstructive jaundice is a feature c) Elevated serum IGM 4 is a marker d) Distinct enlargement of the head of pancreas in CT abdomen e) Glucocoicoids are effective in alleting symptoms","input":"Choices: ['b,c,d,e - True & a-False', 'c,d,e-True & a,b-False', 'a,e-True & b,c,d-False', 'a,b,d, e-True & c-False']","output":"a,b,d, e-True & c-False"} +{"instruction":"Breast lump is best diagnosed by: March 2013 (b)","input":"Choices: ['FNAC', 'Bilateral Mammography', 'USG', 'CECT breast']","output":"FNAC"} +{"instruction":"Which is the following is\/are subunit vaccines","input":"Choices: ['Typhoid Vi', 'H. Influevza vaccine (Hib)', 'Hepatitis B Vaccine', 'Diphtheria']","output":"Typhoid Vi"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is not used for the treatment of insulin induced hypoglycemia ?","input":"Choices: ['Intravenous glucose', 'Glucagon', 'Adrenaline', 'Oral carbohydrates']","output":"Adrenaline"} +{"instruction":"A CKD patient had to undergo dialysis. His Hb was 5.5. So two blood transfusions were to be given. First bag was completed in 2 hours. Second was staed and midway between he developed shoness of breath, hypeension. Vitals: BP 180\/120 mm Hg and pulse rate 110\/min. What is the cause?","input":"Choices: ['Allergic', 'Transfusion related circulatory overload (TACO)', 'TRALI', 'FNHTR']","output":"Transfusion related circulatory overload (TACO)"} +{"instruction":"Aortic opening in diaphragm is found at the level of:","input":"Choices: ['T12', 'T10', 'T8', 'LI']","output":"T12"} +{"instruction":"In villous papillomas of the rectum which is lost ?","input":"Choices: ['Na+', 'Mg+', 'K+', 'All']","output":"K+"} +{"instruction":"True about factory Act 1976","input":"Choices: ['Adolescents aged from 15 years can work from 7 pm to 6 am', 'Women and children are employed in all kinds of work', 'Children < 14 years are prohibited from any employment', 'Adolescents of 16 years need not be duly certified as fit for work by certifying surgeon.']","output":"Children < 14 years are prohibited from any employment"} +{"instruction":"All are the features of absence seizures except","input":"Choices: ['Usually seen in childhood', '3-Hz spike wave in EEG', 'Postictal confusion', 'Precipitation by hyperventilation']","output":"Postictal confusion"} +{"instruction":"Examination of arrested person by medical practitioner at the request of the arrested person. Is defined under which section of the Code Of Criminal Procedure","input":"Choices: ['Section 53', 'Section 54', 'Section 56', 'Section 57']","output":"Section 54"} +{"instruction":"A 6-year-old boy has been complaining of a headache, ignoring to see the objects on the sides for four months. On examination, he is not mentally retarded, his grades at school are good, and visual acuity is diminished in both the eyes. Visual charting showed significant field defect.CT scan of the head showed suprasellar mass calcification. Which of the following is the most probable diagnosis","input":"Choices: ['Astrocytoma', 'Craniopharyngioma', 'Pituitary adenoma', 'Meningiona']","output":"Craniopharyngioma"} +{"instruction":"The type of mammary ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) most likely to result in a palpable abnormality in the breast is","input":"Choices: ['Apocrine DCIS', 'Neuroendocrine DCIS', 'Well differentiated DCIS', 'Comedo DCIS']","output":"Comedo DCIS"} +{"instruction":"Agent causing malignant hypehermia is?","input":"Choices: ['Succinylcholine', '1120', 'Ether', 'Verapamil']","output":"Succinylcholine"} +{"instruction":"Choose among the following the most impoant lab finding in nephrotic syndrome -","input":"Choices: ['B-J protein', 'Hyperkalemia', 'Hypoalbuminemia', 'Hypeension']","output":"Hypoalbuminemia"} +{"instruction":"All of the following statements about major microbes that may cause meningitis are true, EXCEPT:","input":"Choices: ['In neonates, they include E. coli, group B streptococci, and Listeria monocytogenes', 'In children from one month to six years of age, they include Haemophilus influenzae type B, Neisseria meningitidis, and Streptococcus pneumoniae', 'In young adults,they include N.meningitidis and S.pneumoniae', 'Among the elderly, they are due only to N. meningitidis']","output":"Among the elderly, they are due only to N. meningitidis"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following organism shows satellitism in cultures?","input":"Choices: ['Haemophilus', 'Streptococcus', 'Klebsiella', 'Proteus']","output":"Haemophilus"} +{"instruction":"Agglutination with 'O' antigen of S. typhi is inhibited by -","input":"Choices: ['Vi antigen', 'Pili antigen', 'Flagellar antigen', 'All of the above']","output":"Vi antigen"} +{"instruction":"The following statement about DDT is false:","input":"Choices: ['Pyrethrum has synergistic action', 'It is a contact poison', 'Immediately kills the prey', 'Residual effect lasts for 18 months']","output":"Immediately kills the prey"} +{"instruction":"A 3 year old child presents with fracture of femoral shaft had immobilized on traction constantly for two months. The next step of management is:","input":"Choices: ['Hip Spica and if necessary internal fixation', 'Callow traction for 2 months', \"Open reduction and Kuntscher's lover leaf intrame?dullary nailing or plating\", 'Traction by Thomas splintA i.e. Hip Spica and if necessary internal fixation']","output":"Hip Spica and if necessary internal fixation"} +{"instruction":"A 30 year old male presents with itchy papulo-vesicular lesions on the extremities, knees, elbows and buttocks since one year. Direct immunofluorescence staining of the lesions showed IgA deposition at dermoepidermal junction. Which of the following represents the most probable diagnosis?","input":"Choices: ['Pemphigus vulgaris', 'Bullous pemphigoid', 'Dermatitis herpetiformis', 'Nummular eczema']","output":"Dermatitis herpetiformis"} +{"instruction":"The minimum age at which an individual is responsible for his criminal act is: COMEDK 07; Bihar 11; NEET 14","input":"Choices: ['7 years', '12 years', '16 years', '21 years']","output":"7 years"} +{"instruction":"Most common tumor of anterior mediastimum is","input":"Choices: ['Thymoma', 'Lymphoma', 'Germ cell cumor', 'Thyroid tumors']","output":"Thymoma"} +{"instruction":"Which semicircular canal is most commonly involved in BPPV?","input":"Choices: ['Horizontal', 'Posterior', 'Superior', 'All of the above']","output":"Posterior"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is not supplied by anterior division of mandibular nerve V3?","input":"Choices: ['Temporalis', 'Medial pterygoid', 'Lateral pterygoid', 'Masseter']","output":"Medial pterygoid"} +{"instruction":"Mark the FALSE statement regarding Vincent's angina","input":"Choices: ['Most common organism involved is Borrelia vincentii', 'Membrane can be easily removed revealing an irregular ulcer on the tonsil', 'Insidious in onset with fever and intense discomfo in throat', 'Regular tooth brushing is the chief preventive measure']","output":"Insidious in onset with fever and intense discomfo in throat"} +{"instruction":"Dale's vasomotor reversal is due to -","input":"Choices: ['Alpha blocker', 'Beta blocker', 'ACH inhibitor', 'All of the above']","output":"Alpha blocker"} +{"instruction":"The main action of muscle \"obturator externus muscle\" is:","input":"Choices: ['Medial rotation of thigh', 'Lateral rotation of thigh', 'Flexion of thigh', 'Extension of thigh']","output":"Lateral rotation of thigh"} +{"instruction":"Intractable secondary glaucoma is seen in –","input":"Choices: ['Diffuse iris melanoma', 'Nodular iris melanoma', 'Melanocytic deposits in anterior part of iris', 'Melanocyte proliferation in posterior uveal tissue']","output":"Diffuse iris melanoma"} +{"instruction":"Earliest lesion seen in atherosclerosis is:","input":"Choices: ['Fatty streaks', 'Intimal thickening', 'Fibrinoid necrosis', 'Plaque']","output":"Fatty streaks"} +{"instruction":"Complication of kerosene poisoning is:","input":"Choices: ['Paralysis', 'Delirium', 'Hemoptysis', 'Aspiration pneumonia']","output":"Aspiration pneumonia"} +{"instruction":"In a child the normal resolution visual acuity levels such as that of adults i.e. 6\/6 is attained by which age?","input":"Choices: ['4 months', '1 year', '3 years', '6 years']","output":"6 years"} +{"instruction":"What is known to cause pedal Botryomycosis","input":"Choices: ['Actinomyces somaliensis', 'Nocardia asteroides', 'Staphylococcus aureus', 'Candida glabrata']","output":"Staphylococcus aureus"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following structures does not cross the midline?","input":"Choices: ['Left gonadal vein', 'Left renal vein', 'Accessory hemiazygous vein', 'Root of the mesentry']","output":"Left gonadal vein"} +{"instruction":"A 58-year-old male factory worker scheduled to undergo a left inguinal hernia repair is noted to have a severe chronic cough. Further pulmonary function tests revealed reduction of forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) and reduction of FEV1\/FVC (forced vital capacity) ratio associated with emphysema. Before rescheduling surgery, which of the following would improve residual function?","input":"Choices: ['Trial of ipratropium bromide bronchodilator therapy', 'Cromolyn', 'Cough suppressants', 'Bilateral carotid body resection']","output":"Trial of ipratropium bromide bronchodilator therapy"} +{"instruction":"The potentially hazardous irrigant causing an emergency during treatment is","input":"Choices: ['Saliva', 'Chlorhexidine', 'Sodium Hypochlorite', 'Metrogyl']","output":"Sodium Hypochlorite"} +{"instruction":"Aim of damage control laparotomy are:a) Arrest hemorrhageb) Prevent Coagulopathyc) Control contaminationd) Provide fascial closuree) Prevent infection","input":"Choices: ['ab', 'bc', 'abc', 'bcd']","output":"abc"} +{"instruction":"Post-herpetic neuralgia is seen after?","input":"Choices: ['1 weeks', '2 weeks', '3 weeks', '4 weeks']","output":"4 weeks"} +{"instruction":"Features of Barrett's esophagus are :a) Metaplasiab) Always gastric type of epitheliumc) Adenocarcinoma more commond) Present as patchy or ring involvement","input":"Choices: ['abc', 'acd', 'bc', 'bde']","output":"acd"} +{"instruction":"Nodular tags of hymen in the post pregnancy period are called","input":"Choices: ['Carunculaemyiformes', 'Vestibulaemyiformes', 'Orficiaemyiformes', 'Carunculaeorificies']","output":"Carunculaemyiformes"} +{"instruction":"Beillon system is for?","input":"Choices: ['Anthropometry', 'Dactylography', 'Dentition', 'Nuclear sexing']","output":"Anthropometry"} +{"instruction":"In Complete deft the hard palate is totally separated from?","input":"Choices: ['Maxilla', 'Soft palate', 'Vomer', 'All']","output":"Vomer"} +{"instruction":"Which one of the following is not a principle followed in the management of missile injuries?","input":"Choices: ['Excision of all dead muscles', 'Removal of foreign bodies', 'Removal of fragments of bone', 'Leaving the wound open']","output":"Removal of fragments of bone"} +{"instruction":"Pinku, a 9-year old girl, has difficulty in combing her hair and climbig up stairs since 6 months. On examination, Gower sign is positive and maculopapular rash present over MCP joints. What is the next appropriate investigation to be done ?","input":"Choices: ['RA factor', 'Serum creatine kinase', 'Electromyography', 'Muscle biopsy']","output":"Serum creatine kinase"} +{"instruction":"Synthesis of rRNA takes place in ?","input":"Choices: ['Cytosol', 'Nucleus', 'Nucleolus', 'Mitochondria']","output":"Nucleolus"} +{"instruction":"In autopsy, preservative used for vitreous is","input":"Choices: ['Phenol', 'Xylol', 'Flouride', 'HCL']","output":"Flouride"} +{"instruction":"Transabdominal CVS can be done in:","input":"Choices: ['7-9 weeks', '11-13 weeks', '8-9 weeks', 'done before 10 weeks']","output":"11-13 weeks"} +{"instruction":"A 70-year-old man has smoked for years despite a chronic productive cough. One day, he notices blood in his sputum and goes to see his physician. A chest x-ray reveals a mass in the left lung, which is biopsied during a fiberoptic bronchoscopy. Assuming that this patient's cancer is etiologically related to his smoking, which of the following diagnoses are most likely to be returned by the pathology laboratory?","input":"Choices: ['Adenocarcinoma or bronchioloalveolar carcinoma', 'Adenocarcinoma or small cell carcinoma', 'Bronchioloalveolar carcinoma or small cell carcinoma', 'Small cell carcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma']","output":"Small cell carcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma"} +{"instruction":"Bulls eye retinopathy is seen in toxicity of-","input":"Choices: ['Quinine', 'Tobacco', 'Ethanol', 'Chloroquine']","output":"Chloroquine"} +{"instruction":"The cellular component for protein synthesis is :","input":"Choices: ['Smooth endoplasmic reticulum', 'Rough endoplasmic reticulum', 'Ribosomes', 'Mitochondria']","output":"Ribosomes"} +{"instruction":"Formed visual hallucinations are seen due to damage to:","input":"Choices: ['Temporal lobe', 'Parietal lobe', 'Occipital lobe', 'Frontal lobe']","output":"Temporal lobe"} +{"instruction":"All of the following statement are true regarding esophageal atresia, except:","input":"Choices: ['There is absence of esophagus', 'It is a mechanical obstruction', 'It occurs most commonly at or near the tracheal bifurcation', 'It is associated with other congenital anomalies']","output":"There is absence of esophagus"} +{"instruction":"Nihilistic ideas are seen in -","input":"Choices: ['Depression', 'Schizophrenia', 'Mania', 'OCN']","output":"Depression"} +{"instruction":"As per immunisation schedule, Hepatitis A vaccine is recommended at:","input":"Choices: ['1 year', '2 year', '5 years', '10 years']","output":"2 year"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following anti platelet drug is a prodrug","input":"Choices: ['Clopidogril', 'Tirofiban', 'Aspirin', 'Dipyramidole']","output":"Clopidogril"} +{"instruction":"Brown Tumor is seen in -","input":"Choices: ['Hypothyroidism', 'Hyperthyroidism', 'Hypoparathyroidism', 'Hyperparathyroidism']","output":"Hyperparathyroidism"} +{"instruction":"This blood smear was taken from an immunodeficient man with fever, night sweats, and weight loss. What is the diagnosis?","input":"Choices: ['Candida albicans', 'Coccidioides immitis', 'Cryptococcus neoformans', 'Histoplasma capsulatum']","output":"Histoplasma capsulatum"} +{"instruction":"Classify the following according to Vertucci's classification:","input":"Choices: ['Type V', 'Type VI', 'Type VII', 'Type VIII']","output":"Type VI"} +{"instruction":"Adverse effects of valproic acid derivatives include the following except -","input":"Choices: ['Alopecia', 'Liver failure', 'Weight gain', 'Osteomalacia']","output":"Osteomalacia"} +{"instruction":"Pine - tree bladder is a sign of","input":"Choices: ['Pelvic abscess', 'Neurogenic bladder', 'Bilharziasis', 'Intro peritoneal bladder rupture']","output":"Neurogenic bladder"} +{"instruction":"The following statements are true regarding Chlamydia except -","input":"Choices: ['Erthromycin is effective for therapy of Chamydial infections', 'Their cell wall lacks a peptidoglycan layer', 'They can grow in cell free culture media', 'They are obligate intracellular bacteria']","output":"They can grow in cell free culture media"} +{"instruction":"Varicocele is common on left testis because:","input":"Choices: ['Left testicular vein drains into IVC which has high pressure', 'Left testicular vein drains into left renal vein which has high pressure', 'Left testis is lower situated', 'Compression of testicular vein by rectum']","output":"Left testicular vein drains into left renal vein which has high pressure"} +{"instruction":"A 40 year old lady with CIN III. Best management is :","input":"Choices: ['Conisation', \"Weheim's hysterectomy\", 'Total abdominal hysterectomy', 'Punch biopsy']","output":"Total abdominal hysterectomy"} +{"instruction":"A possible source of \"second signal\" to a B-cell bound by specific antigen include -","input":"Choices: ['EB virus', 'Endotoxin', 'Antigen-specific T-cells', 'Plasma cells']","output":"Antigen-specific T-cells"} +{"instruction":"Diameter and length of filament with X-ray tube are?","input":"Choices: ['3 mm ; 2 cm', '2 cm ; 3 mm', '2 mm ; < 1 cm', '4 mm ; 1 cm']","output":"2 mm ; < 1 cm"} +{"instruction":"DEXA scan of lumbar vertebra and femoral neck are assessed for bone mineral density in menopausal women because of all except","input":"Choices: ['Lumbar vertebrae contain primarily trabecular bone.', 'Trabecular bone has faster re-modelling rate.', 'Early rapid bone loss can be determined by evaluation of this site with trabecular bone.', 'Lumbar vertebra is 80% compact bone.']","output":"Lumbar vertebra is 80% compact bone."} +{"instruction":"The cardiac jelly formed around the hea tube during early development, contributes to the formation of?","input":"Choices: ['Pericardium', 'Mesocardium', 'Myocardium', 'Endocardial cushion valves']","output":"Endocardial cushion valves"} +{"instruction":"Tuberculosis commonly affects which pa of the intestine: September 2005","input":"Choices: ['Ileum', 'Jejunum', 'Terminal colon', 'Transverse colon']","output":"Ileum"} +{"instruction":"Onion skin lesions, in the muscular layer of arteriole, are seen in -","input":"Choices: ['SLE', 'Benign nephrosclerosis', 'Malignant nephrosclerosis', 'RPGN']","output":"Malignant nephrosclerosis"} +{"instruction":"All are Neuroglial cells in the CNS except:September 2008","input":"Choices: ['Oligodendrocytes', 'Microglia', 'Astrocytes', 'Kupffer cells']","output":"Kupffer cells"} +{"instruction":"Stigmata of chronic Liver disease include all of the following, except","input":"Choices: ['Parmar Erythema', 'Spinder naevi', 'Testicular Atrophy', 'Subcutaneous nodules']","output":"Subcutaneous nodules"} +{"instruction":"Investigation of choice for gall stone","input":"Choices: ['X-Ray', 'USG', 'Cholecystography', 'CAT Scan']","output":"USG"} +{"instruction":"A 14 year old obese child is referred from an endocrinologist for painful limping of hip.Which of the following investigation is least useful in this clinical setting?","input":"Choices: ['CT', 'USG', 'MRI', 'X-ray PBH']","output":"USG"} +{"instruction":"Screening of neonatal thyroid disease is done by -","input":"Choices: ['T4', 'T3', 'TSH', 'TPO antibodies']","output":"TSH"} +{"instruction":"RNA is present in","input":"Choices: ['Cytoplasm', 'Nucleus', 'Ribosome', 'All of the above']","output":"All of the above"} +{"instruction":"Red degeneration occurs maximally in :","input":"Choices: ['1st trimester', 'IInd trimester', 'IIIrd trimesterPuerperium', 'Pueroerium']","output":"IInd trimester"} +{"instruction":"A 55 year old woman has recurrent urinary retention after a hysterectomy done for a huge fibroid. The most likely cause is :","input":"Choices: ['Atrophic and stenotic urethra', 'Lumber disc prolapse', 'Injury to bladder neck', 'Injury to hypogastric plexi']","output":"Lumber disc prolapse"} +{"instruction":"Treatment is not required in withdrawal of -a) Cannabisb) Alcoholc) Amphetamined) LSD","input":"Choices: ['b', 'c', 'ac', 'ad']","output":"ad"} +{"instruction":"Commonest causative organism for ASOM in 2 years child is","input":"Choices: ['Pneumococcus', 'Streptococcus', 'Staphylococcus', 'H. influenzae']","output":"Pneumococcus"} +{"instruction":"The process of applying a resin to the fissures of a newly erupted tooth was introduced by","input":"Choices: ['Black G.V.', 'Buonocore', 'Hyatt', 'Hororwitz']","output":"Buonocore"} +{"instruction":"Deltoid muscle causes all except -","input":"Choices: ['Flexionofshoulder', 'Extension of shoulder', 'Internal rotation ofshoulder', 'Adduction of shoulder']","output":"Adduction of shoulder"} +{"instruction":"Drug of choice for treatment of malaria due to P. vivax in a 25 year old pregnant female is:","input":"Choices: ['Chloroquine', 'Primaquine', 'Sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine', 'Quinine']","output":"Chloroquine"} +{"instruction":"ATM mutation is seen in","input":"Choices: ['Ataxia telangiectasia', 'Fragile X syndrome', 'Joubert syndrome', 'Spinocerebellar ataxia']","output":"Ataxia telangiectasia"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is False about Red Cross emblem-","input":"Choices: ['It came into existence in 1863 in Geneva meet', 'The veical and horizontal lines are of equal lengths', 'It is used by members of UNO', 'Use of red cross symbol without permission of government of India is a punishable offence in India']","output":"It is used by members of UNO"} +{"instruction":"Ophthalmoplegic migraine means -","input":"Choices: ['Headache with irreversible loss of ophthalmic nerve function', 'Recurrent transient 3rd nerve palsy associated with headache', 'Headache associated with 3rd, 4th& 6th nerve palsy', 'Headache associated with optic neuritis']","output":"Headache associated with 3rd, 4th& 6th nerve palsy"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following liver tumor had a propensity to invade the poal or hepatic vein","input":"Choices: ['Cavernous hemangioma', 'Hepatocellular carcinoma', 'Focal nodular hyperplasia', 'Hepatic adenoma']","output":"Hepatocellular carcinoma"} +{"instruction":"Most impoant prognostic indicator for renal cell carcinoma","input":"Choices: ['Nuclear grade', 'Histological type', 'Size', 'Pathological staging']","output":"Pathological staging"} +{"instruction":"'Pencil tip' deformity is seen in :","input":"Choices: ['Carcinoma esophagus', 'Achalasia Cardia', \"Barrett's oesophagus\", 'None of the above']","output":"Achalasia Cardia"} +{"instruction":"The substance most commonly used for protection\nagainst X-ray radiation is","input":"Choices: ['Zinc', 'Steel', 'Lead', 'porcelain']","output":"Lead"} +{"instruction":"Man is intermediate host of -","input":"Choices: ['Kala azar', 'Filariasis', 'Hydatid cyst', 'All of the above']","output":"Hydatid cyst"} +{"instruction":"A black line on the gingiva which follows the contour of the margin is due to:","input":"Choices: ['Lead', 'Argyria', 'Iron', 'Mercury']","output":"Mercury"} +{"instruction":"First permanent teeth to erupt is: September 2008","input":"Choices: ['First premolar', 'Second premolar', 'First molar', 'Second molar']","output":"First molar"} +{"instruction":"Standard of Living (WHO) includes all except:","input":"Choices: ['Income', 'Sanitation and nutrition', 'Level of provision of health', 'Human rights']","output":"Human rights"} +{"instruction":"Which route is most preferred for Endopthalmitis treatment","input":"Choices: ['Oral antibiotic', 'Intravenous antibiotic', 'Topical antibiotic', 'Intravitreal antibiotic']","output":"Intravitreal antibiotic"} +{"instruction":"MacConkey's Agar is -","input":"Choices: ['Enriched medium', 'Enrichment medium', 'Differential medium', 'Synthetic medium']","output":"Differential medium"} +{"instruction":"Samogyi effect is -","input":"Choices: ['Morning hyperglycemia due to insulin resistance', 'Morning hyperglycemia due to large dose of exogenous insulin', 'Morning hypoglycemia due to large dose of exogenous insulin', 'Evening hypoglycemia due to insulin resistance']","output":"Morning hyperglycemia due to large dose of exogenous insulin"} +{"instruction":"A 20 year old man presented with hemorrhagic colitis. The stool sample grew Escherichia coli in pure culture. The following serotype of E.coli is likely to be causative agent -","input":"Choices: ['0157:H7', '0 159:H7', '0107:H7', '0 55:H7']","output":"0157:H7"} +{"instruction":"Most retentive post among the following:","input":"Choices: ['Smooth tapered', 'Serrated tapered', 'Smooth parallel', 'Serrated parallel']","output":"Serrated parallel"} +{"instruction":"A boy presents with complaints of hypoaesthesia and wasting of thenar eminence. The nerve most likely to damaged in this patient?","input":"Choices: ['Musculocutaneous nerve', 'Median nerve', 'Ulnar nerve', 'Radial nerve']","output":"Median nerve"} +{"instruction":"A patient comes with crush injury to upper limb, the doctor is concerned about gangrene and sepsis what can help decide between amputation and limb salvage?","input":"Choices: ['MESS', 'Guliton score', 'Gustilo Anderson classification', 'ASIA guidelines']","output":"MESS"} +{"instruction":"What is ther new advance in cataract surgery?","input":"Choices: ['Femtosecond Laser', 'Neodymium laser', 'Nanoseond laser', 'Picosecond Laser']","output":"Femtosecond Laser"} +{"instruction":"Radiotherapy least useful in the primary management of-","input":"Choices: ['CA stomach', 'CA esophagus', 'CA cervix', 'CA breast']","output":"CA stomach"} +{"instruction":"In which of the following condition, positive Rinne test is seen?","input":"Choices: ['Presbycusis', 'CSOM', 'Otosclerosis', 'Wax impacted ear']","output":"Presbycusis"} +{"instruction":"How many doses of MMR are given: September 2007","input":"Choices: ['1', '2', '3', '4']","output":"1"} +{"instruction":"A chest x ray with arrows showing Hilar vascular markings, Kerly B lines, Hazy Lt. Lung field. Diagnosis is","input":"Choices: ['Mild congestive heart failure', 'Pleural effusion', 'Bronchiectasis', 'Emphysema']","output":"Mild congestive heart failure"} +{"instruction":"Distance between nodal point and cornea in Listing's Reduced eye is-","input":"Choices: ['7.2mm', '9mm', '12mm', '15.3mm']","output":"7.2mm"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is the constituent of mini pill?","input":"Choices: ['Only progesterone', 'Only estrogen', 'Estrogen + progesterone', 'Norethisterone + estradiol']","output":"Only progesterone"} +{"instruction":"A Blom-Singer prosthesis is used:","input":"Choices: ['As a ventilation tube in otitis media with effusion', 'To close a perforation in nasal septum', 'To divert tracheal air into oesophagus for voice production in laryngeal patients', 'In stapedectomy to conduct sound from incus to oval window']","output":"To divert tracheal air into oesophagus for voice production in laryngeal patients"} +{"instruction":"Pathognomonic sign of traumatic fracture is -","input":"Choices: ['Redness', 'Swelling', 'Crepitus', 'Tenderness']","output":"Crepitus"} +{"instruction":"Recurrent polyps are seen in:","input":"Choices: ['Antrochoanal polyp', 'Ethmoidal polyp', 'Nasal polyp', 'Hyperophic turbinate']","output":"Ethmoidal polyp"} +{"instruction":"Pontaic, fever is caused by -","input":"Choices: ['Legionella', 'Listeria', 'Scrub typhus', 'Leptospira']","output":"Legionella"} +{"instruction":"During restoration, mechanical exposure of mesiobuccal\npulpal\thorns\tin\tthe\tprimary\tmax.\t1st\tmolar\twith\nmoderate caries lesion on the mesial. Distal surfaces,\nthe treatment now should be:","input":"Choices: ['Pulp capping-with dycal-restore with silver amalgam', 'Pulpotomy-restore with stainless-steel crown', 'Pulpectomy-restore with stainless-steel crown', 'Pulp\\tcapping-with\\tdycal-restore\\twith\\tstainless\\tsteel crown.']","output":"Pulpotomy-restore with stainless-steel crown"} +{"instruction":"Heinz bodies are seen in -","input":"Choices: ['Thalassemia', 'G6PD deficiency', 'Herediatary spherocytosis', 'Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria']","output":"G6PD deficiency"} +{"instruction":"Method of choice for purification of highly polluted water on a large scale is","input":"Choices: ['Boiling', 'Super chlorination followed by dechlorination', 'Chlorination', 'Ultraviolet light treatment']","output":"Super chlorination followed by dechlorination"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following arteries is a direct branch of the gastroduodenal artery?","input":"Choices: ['Right gastric artery', 'Left gastric artery', 'Inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery', 'Right gastroepiploic artery']","output":"Right gastroepiploic artery"} +{"instruction":"Treatment for hyperprolacteniemia is ?","input":"Choices: ['Bromocriptine', 'Methyl Dopamine', 'Haloperidol', 'Chlorpromazine']","output":"Bromocriptine"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following tests on maternal serum is most useful in distinguishing between open neural tube defects and ventral wall defects in a fetus?","input":"Choices: ['Carcinoembryogenic antigen', 'Sphingomyelin', 'Alpha-feto protein', 'Pseudocholinesterase']","output":"Pseudocholinesterase"} +{"instruction":"Femoral hernia lies:","input":"Choices: ['Medial to the pubic tubercle', 'Lateral and below pubic tubercle', 'Through deep inguinal ring.', \"Through Hasselbach's triangle.\"]","output":"Lateral and below pubic tubercle"} +{"instruction":"All are tocolytics except","input":"Choices: ['Ritodrine', 'Salbutamol', 'Isoxsuprine', 'Misoprostol']","output":"Misoprostol"} +{"instruction":"A 26-year-oldman, Raju met with an accident & is brought to emergency. The person accompanying him informed that a truck run over the patient. CXR reveals an air fluid level in left lung &nasogastric tube got coiled upward into left chest. Which of the following is the next best step in management of this patient?","input":"Choices: ['Placement of a chest tube on left side', 'Thoracotomy', 'Diagnostic peritoneal lavage', 'Laparotomy']","output":"Laparotomy"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is not involved in formation of perineal body -","input":"Choices: ['Superficial transverse perenei', 'Deep transverse perenei', 'Bulbocavemosus', 'Levator ani']","output":"Bulbocavemosus"} +{"instruction":"All of the following statements about carcinoid syndrome are true except","input":"Choices: ['Atypical carcinoid syndrome is usually produced by foregut carcinoids', 'Plasma serotonin levels are normal in Atypical carcinoid syndrome', 'Midgut carcinoids have high serotonin content', 'Foregut carcinoids are usually argentaffin positive']","output":"Foregut carcinoids are usually argentaffin positive"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is FALSE regarding Enterobacteriacae?","input":"Choices: ['Non-fastidious growth', 'They are oxidase positive', 'They are catalase positive', 'They reduce nitrates']","output":"They are oxidase positive"} +{"instruction":"Best contraceptive for a Newly married healthy couple:-","input":"Choices: ['Barrier method', 'IUCD', 'Oral contraceptive pills', 'Natural methods']","output":"Oral contraceptive pills"} +{"instruction":"Physiological jaundice in preterm infant lasts upto: September 2011","input":"Choices: ['5 days', '7 days', '10 days', '14 days']","output":"14 days"} +{"instruction":"Brain dead patient comes under which category in ASA classification?","input":"Choices: ['ASA I', 'ASA 3', 'ASA 4', 'ASA 6']","output":"ASA 6"} +{"instruction":"A chloride level of--is said to be acceptable by WHO:","input":"Choices: ['0.2 mg\/L', '0.5 mg\/L', '45 mg\/L', '200 mg\/L']","output":"200 mg\/L"} +{"instruction":"Screening are for trachoma is:","input":"Choices: ['Below 5 years school child only', '1-9 years', '9-14 years', '5-15 years']","output":"1-9 years"} +{"instruction":"Regarding Natural Killer Cell, all are true except?","input":"Choices: ['It is activated by IL-2', 'CD-56 positive', 'Antibody induced proliferation', 'Variant of large lymphocyte']","output":"Antibody induced proliferation"} +{"instruction":"Which drug is recommended for prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV infection?'","input":"Choices: ['Didanosine', 'Nevirapine', 'Indinavir', 'Nelfmavir']","output":"Nevirapine"} +{"instruction":"Arsenic is used in treatment of:","input":"Choices: ['Acute promyelocytic leukemia', 'A.L.L', 'CML', 'Transient myeloproliferative disorder']","output":"Acute promyelocytic leukemia"} +{"instruction":"All of the following is seen in superior laryngeal nerve palsy EXCEPT:","input":"Choices: ['Aspiration', 'Stridor', 'Bowed vocal cords', 'Loss of pitch']","output":"Stridor"} +{"instruction":"Consider the following","input":"Choices: ['Cholesterosis', 'Adenomyomatosis', 'Polyposis', 'Cholelithiasis']","output":"Cholesterosis"} +{"instruction":"Xeroderma pigmentosum is characterized by","input":"Choices: ['AutosomaL dominant inheritance', 'Inability to repair sunlight induced damage to DNA', 'Irregular accumulation of melanin in the basal cell layer', 'Acanthosis of epithelium with elongation of rete ridges']","output":"Inability to repair sunlight induced damage to DNA"} +{"instruction":"Facial skeleton develops from","input":"Choices: ['Neural crest', 'Paraxial mesoderm', 'Intermediate mesoderm', 'Lateral plate mesoderm']","output":"Neural crest"} +{"instruction":"Most common post splenectomy infection is:","input":"Choices: ['Pneumococcus', 'Meningococcus', 'Staphy lococcus', 'Corynebacterium']","output":"Pneumococcus"} +{"instruction":"A 43 year old male is diagnosed with Schizophrenia but he refused to take treatment. Which of the following antipsychotic drug is the treatment of choice for this patient?","input":"Choices: ['Clozapine', 'Risperidone', 'Olanzapine', 'Fluphenazine']","output":"Fluphenazine"} +{"instruction":"What is urethane dimethacrylate resin based sealer:","input":"Choices: ['Endorez', 'Tubliseal', 'Realseal', 'Sealapex']","output":"Endorez"} +{"instruction":"Prenatal diagnosis of haemophilia is best done by","input":"Choices: ['PCR', 'Linkage analysis', 'Cytometry', 'Microarray']","output":"PCR"} +{"instruction":"A 36 year old male patient has reported to you with swelling in the submandibular region. His tongue is elevated and he complains of dysphagia. He has high fever. Intra oral examination reveals grossly destructed lower first molar.\n\nThe surgical Line of treatment may be","input":"Choices: ['Extraction of the involved tooth', 'Incision and drainage', 'Placement of drain', 'All of the above']","output":"All of the above"} +{"instruction":"Theory of web of causation was given by?","input":"Choices: ['Me Mohan and Pugh', 'Pettenkoffer', 'John snow', 'Louis Pasteur']","output":"Me Mohan and Pugh"} +{"instruction":"Pt with mitral stenosis in labour wants analgesia for normal delivery. Which form of Anaesthesia to be used for her?","input":"Choices: ['Inhalational Anaesthesia', 'Spinal Anaesthesia', 'Epidural Anaesthesia', 'Opioids']","output":"Epidural Anaesthesia"} +{"instruction":"Bankart's lesion involves the of the glenoid labrum -","input":"Choices: ['Anterior lip', 'Superior lip', 'Antero-superior lip', 'Antero-inferior lip']","output":"Antero-inferior lip"} +{"instruction":"Moality rates are taken into account while calculating: March 2011","input":"Choices: ['General feility rate', 'NRR', 'Total feility rate', 'Gross reproduction rate']","output":"NRR"} +{"instruction":"The most frequent finding of Bell’s palsy is:","input":"Choices: ['Diminished corneal reflex', 'Mitotic pupil', 'Absence of taste sensation', 'Anhidrosis over half of the face']","output":"Diminished corneal reflex"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following drugs is most likely to cause additive anemia and neutropenia if administered to an AIDS patient taking zidovudine ?","input":"Choices: ['Acyclovir', 'Amantadine', 'Ganciclovir', 'Stavudine']","output":"Ganciclovir"} +{"instruction":"Double-bubble sign on abdominal X-ray is seen in :","input":"Choices: ['Colon carcinoma', 'Duodenal atresia', 'Acute pancreatitis', 'Perforation']","output":"Duodenal atresia"} +{"instruction":"Infectous stage of plasmodium is -","input":"Choices: ['Trophozoite', 'Cryptozoite', 'Sporozoite', 'Merozoite']","output":"Sporozoite"} +{"instruction":"Infection with herpes simplex virus, a common human pathogen, is best described by which of the following statements ?","input":"Choices: ['The CNS and visceral organs are usually involved', 'It rarely recurs in a host who has a high antibody titre', 'It can be reactivated by emotional disturbances or prolonged exposure to sunlight', 'Initial infection usually occurs by intestinal absorption of the virus']","output":"It can be reactivated by emotional disturbances or prolonged exposure to sunlight"} +{"instruction":"Typical intercostal space has -","input":"Choices: ['One aery', 'Two aeries', 'Three aeries', 'Four aeries']","output":"Three aeries"} +{"instruction":"In lung, true about Hyaline membrane disease","input":"Choices: ['FRC is smaller than closing volume', 'FRC is larger than closing volume', 'FRC is equal to closing volume', \"FRC doesn't depend on closing volume\"]","output":"FRC is smaller than closing volume"} +{"instruction":"Basal layer in primordial cyst is arranged in the form of:","input":"Choices: ['Tennis racket', 'Picket fence', 'Linear', 'Irregular']","output":"Picket fence"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is an aminoneuro-transmitter","input":"Choices: ['Acetylcholine', 'GABA', 'Lignocaine', 'Epinephrine']","output":"GABA"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following produces the least damage to blood elements –","input":"Choices: ['Disc oxygenator', 'Membrane oxygenator', 'Bubble oxygenator', 'Screen oxygenator']","output":"Membrane oxygenator"} +{"instruction":"In calendar method of contraception, first day of fertile period is?","input":"Choices: ['10th day of shortest menstural cycle', '18th day of shortest menstural cycle', '10th day of longest menstural cycle', '18th day of longest menstural cycle']","output":"10th day of shortest menstural cycle"} +{"instruction":"Iron and folic acid supplementation to the children is a form of","input":"Choices: ['Health promotion', 'Primordial prevention', 'Specific protection', 'Secondary prevention']","output":"Specific protection"} +{"instruction":"A 25-year-old woman has experienced discomfort during sexual intercourse for the past month. On physical examination, there are no lesions of the external genitalia. Pelvic examination shows a focal area of swelling on the left posterolateral inner labium that is very tender on palpation. A 3-cm cystic lesion filled with purulent exudate is excised. In which of the following structures is this lesion most likely to develop?","input":"Choices: ['Bartholin gland', 'Gartner duct', 'Hair follicle', 'Urogenital diaphragm']","output":"Bartholin gland"} +{"instruction":"A middle aged old man, with chronic renal failure is diagnosed to have sputum-positive pulmonary tuberculosis. His creatinine clearance is 25ml\/min. All of the following drugs need modification in doses except:","input":"Choices: ['Isoniazide', 'Streptomycin', 'Rifampicin', 'Ethambutol']","output":"Rifampicin"} +{"instruction":"Drugs having narrow theraputic index are:","input":"Choices: ['Lithium', 'Phenytoin', 'Tricyclic antidepressants', 'All of these']","output":"All of these"} +{"instruction":"Sections of the lung from a patient with Wegener's granulomatosis who presents clinically with hemoptysis are most likely to show","input":"Choices: ['Large, serpiginous necrosis with peripheral, palisading macrophages', 'Atypical lymphocytes invading blood vessels', 'Granulomatous inflammation of blood vessels with numerous eosinophils', 'Granulomatous inflammation of bronchi with Aspergillus']","output":"Large, serpiginous necrosis with peripheral, palisading macrophages"} +{"instruction":"Fins and spines on the casting is seen due to","input":"Choices: ['Prolonged heating', 'Rapid heating rate', 'Water film contamination', 'Too high pressure during casting']","output":"Rapid heating rate"} +{"instruction":"A 30-year-old pregnant woman develops severe sepsis with headache and neck stiffness after eating coleslaw, soft cheese, and cantaloupes at a potluck dinner. Two other women who attended the event develop self-limiting abdominal cramps, nausea, and vomiting. select appropriate infectious agent.","input":"Choices: ['Herpes simplex virus', 'Epstein-Barr virus', 'Parvovirus B19', 'Listeria monocytogenes']","output":"Listeria monocytogenes"} +{"instruction":"The term infantile polyaeritis nodosa was formerly used for","input":"Choices: ['Goodpasteurs syndrome', 'Henoch schenon purpura', 'Kawasaki disease', 'Takaysaus aeritis']","output":"Kawasaki disease"} +{"instruction":"Stored blood as compared to fresh blood has: September 2012","input":"Choices: ['More 2, 3 DPG', 'High extracellular K+', 'High extracellular hemoglobin', 'Increased platelets']","output":"High extracellular K+"} +{"instruction":"The cresecent forming forming glomerulonephritis is -","input":"Choices: ['RPGN', 'Acute GN', 'Membranous GN', 'Membrano proliferative GN']","output":"RPGN"} +{"instruction":"Coical blindness with confabulation is seen in","input":"Choices: [\"Wernicke's Encephalopathy\", 'Anton syndrome', 'Psychogenic amnesia', 'Korsakoff syndrome']","output":"Anton syndrome"} +{"instruction":"A man hits his neighbour. Next day he feels that police is behind him and his brain is being controlled by radio waves by his neighbour. The probable diagnosis is:","input":"Choices: ['Thought inseion', 'Passivity feeling', 'Delusion of persecution', 'Obscessive Compulsive Disorder']","output":"Delusion of persecution"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following pathway serve as the MOST impoant source of reducing equivalents for fatty acid synthesis in the liver?","input":"Choices: ['Glycolysis', 'TCA cycle', 'Uronic acid pathway', 'HMP pathway']","output":"HMP pathway"} +{"instruction":"Soya bean is rich in –","input":"Choices: ['Lysine', 'Aspartic acid', 'Glycine', 'Alanine']","output":"Lysine"} +{"instruction":"A 2 year old child presents with scattered lesions in the skull. Biopsy revealed Langerhans giant cells. The most commonly associated is marker with this candition will be","input":"Choices: ['CD 1a', 'CD 57', 'CD 3', 'CD 68']","output":"CD 1a"} +{"instruction":"All of the following are used to assess the nutritional status of an individual, except –","input":"Choices: ['Urinary nitrogen excretion', 'Mid arm circumference', 'Serum immunoglobulin', 'Serum transferrin']","output":"Serum immunoglobulin"} +{"instruction":"Regarding cytosolic Eukaryotic gene expression false is -","input":"Choices: ['Capping helps in attachment of mRNA to 40 S Ribosome', 'N formyl methionine tRNA will be the first t - RNA to come into action', 'EF2 shifts between GDP & GTP', 'Releasing factor releases the polypeptide chain from the P site']","output":"N formyl methionine tRNA will be the first t - RNA to come into action"} +{"instruction":"Pas of some human skeletal remains are brought to you. The pelvis is complete, yet the individual bones of the pelvis, the ilium, ischium, and pubis have just staed to fuse together. The subpubic angle you estimate at 60deg and the pelvic brim has a distinctive hea shaped appeareance. On the basis of this information, you guess the remains are of which of the following?","input":"Choices: ['3-year-old female', '4-year-old male', '14-year-old male', '30-year-old female']","output":"14-year-old male"} +{"instruction":"A patient is experiencing which type of incontinence if she experiences leaking urine when she coughs, sneezes, or lifts heavy objects?","input":"Choices: ['Overflow', 'Reflex', 'Stress', 'Urge']","output":"Stress"} +{"instruction":"The appropriate approach to a neonate presenting with vaginal bleeding on day 4 of life is _________","input":"Choices: ['Administration of vitamin K', 'Investigation for bleeding disorder', 'No specific therapy', 'Administration of 10 ml\/kg of fresh frozen plasma over 4 hours']","output":"No specific therapy"} +{"instruction":"Following inflammatory cells are predominantly seen in tissue with","input":"Choices: ['Bacterial pneumonia', 'Dirofilaria infestation', 'Infectious mononucleosis', 'Tuberculosis']","output":"Dirofilaria infestation"} +{"instruction":"Genetic analysis shows N-myc gene in a child. She may have the following malignancy:","input":"Choices: ['Neuroblastoma', 'Retinoblastoma', \"William's tumor\", 'Nephroblastoma']","output":"Neuroblastoma"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is a nonmolar trophoblastic neoplasm?","input":"Choices: ['Complete hydatidiform mole', 'Paial hydatidiform mole', 'Invasive mole', 'Choriocarcinoma']","output":"Choriocarcinoma"} +{"instruction":"'Brush burn' is","input":"Choices: ['An abrasion', 'Electric bum', 'Chemical bum', 'Contusion']","output":"An abrasion"} +{"instruction":"Incidentaly findings, in CT scan, a 3cm adrenal mass, which of the following is not done","input":"Choices: ['Adrenalectomy', 'Dexamethasone suppression test', 'Measurement of catecholamines', '24-hour urinary coisol excretion']","output":"Adrenalectomy"} +{"instruction":"The pleura that covers the surface of the lungs is the","input":"Choices: ['Pleural Cavity', 'Pleural Fluid', 'Visceral Pleura', 'Parietal Pleura']","output":"Visceral Pleura"} +{"instruction":"In anesthetizing lower anteriors all of the following are indicated except","input":"Choices: ['Fischer 123 technique', 'Classical inferior alveolar block', 'Mental nerve block', 'Incisive block']","output":"Mental nerve block"} +{"instruction":"Digoxin can accumulate to toxic levels in patients with-","input":"Choices: ['Renal insufficiency', 'Chronic hepatitis', 'Advanced cirrhosis', 'Chronic pancreatitis']","output":"Renal insufficiency"} +{"instruction":"Leptin is secreted by-","input":"Choices: ['Ovaries', 'Adipose tissue', 'Liver', 'Hypothalamus']","output":"Adipose tissue"} +{"instruction":"Interval tonsillectomy is done following________ of quinsy drainage","input":"Choices: ['4-6 weeks', '4-6 months', '12 months', 'Any of the above']","output":"4-6 weeks"} +{"instruction":"Phase II blocker is seen in:","input":"Choices: ['D-TC', 'Cocaine', 'Scoline', 'Vencuronium, ether, N20']","output":"Scoline"} +{"instruction":"The following are indications for postoperative radiotherapy in a case of carcinoma endometrium except:","input":"Choices: ['Myometrial invasion of more than half thickness', 'Positive lymph nodes', 'Endocervical involvement', 'Tumor positive for estrogen receptors']","output":"Tumor positive for estrogen receptors"} +{"instruction":"Degloving injury is -","input":"Choices: ['Surgeon made wound', 'Lacerated wound', 'Blunt injury', 'Avulsion injury']","output":"Avulsion injury"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is not a step in the ‘three step build up’ of direct filling gold?","input":"Choices: ['Tie formation', 'Stepping', 'Shoulder formation', 'Banking of walls']","output":"Stepping"} +{"instruction":"Components of neonatal resuscitation -","input":"Choices: ['Maintenance of temprature', 'Maintenance of respiration', 'Maintenance of circulation', 'All']","output":"All"} +{"instruction":"Blood in stool is seen in all except -","input":"Choices: ['Vibrio cholera', 'Entamoeba', 'Campylobacter', 'Shigella']","output":"Vibrio cholera"} +{"instruction":"The free edge of the falciform ligament encloses","input":"Choices: ['Ligamentum venosum', 'Poal vein and common bile duct', 'Ligamentum teres', 'Superior epigastric vein']","output":"Ligamentum teres"} +{"instruction":"Among the following drugs, ACE inhibitor with longest half life is:","input":"Choices: ['Enalapril', 'Lisinopril', 'Perindopril', 'Ramipril']","output":"Perindopril"} +{"instruction":"The commonest symptom post operatively seen is ?","input":"Choices: ['Depression', 'Psychosis', 'Euphoria', 'None of the above']","output":"None of the above"} +{"instruction":"A patient aged 40-years presents with ahritis of PIP and DIP along with carpometacarpal joint of thumb and sparing of wrist and metacarpophalangeal joint. What is the most likely cause?","input":"Choices: ['Psoriatic ahritis', 'Osteoahritis', 'Rheumatoid ahritis', 'Pseudogout']","output":"Osteoahritis"} +{"instruction":"All are seen in cystitis except","input":"Choices: ['Fever', 'Hematuria', 'Dysuria', 'Nocturia']","output":"Fever"} +{"instruction":"In a case-control study, all can be measured except","input":"Choices: ['Relative risk', 'Incidence', 'Odds ratio', 'Cause & effect relation']","output":"Relative risk"} +{"instruction":"In POAG (primary open angle glaucoma) which is not seen – a) Horizontal cuppingb) Bayoneting sign (crossing of vessels)c) Macular oedemad) Dot sign","input":"Choices: ['a', 'bc', 'ad', 'ac']","output":"ac"} +{"instruction":"Best gas used for creating pneumoperitonium at laparoscopy is:","input":"Choices: ['N2', 'O2', 'CO2', 'N20']","output":"CO2"} +{"instruction":"A man cannot digest carbohydrate. The enzyme deficient is -","input":"Choices: ['Lipase', 'Amylase', 'Pepsin', 'Trypsin']","output":"Amylase"} +{"instruction":"Maximum Number of cones are seen in","input":"Choices: ['Fovea centralis', 'Blind spot', 'Macula Lutea', 'Optic disc']","output":"Fovea centralis"} +{"instruction":"Footplate of stapes is developed from","input":"Choices: [\"Meckel's cailage\", 'Otic capsule', 'Reiches cailage', 'Hyoid arch']","output":"Otic capsule"} +{"instruction":"Phagocytosis in the CNS is done by:","input":"Choices: ['Astrocytes', 'Schwann cells', 'Microglia', 'Oligocytes']","output":"Microglia"} +{"instruction":"Flying range of Aedes mosquito is:","input":"Choices: ['50 m', '100 m', '200 m', '400 m']","output":"100 m"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is an antifungal?","input":"Choices: ['Flucytosine', 'Cytosine arabinoside', '5 fluorouracil', 'Procarbazine']","output":"Flucytosine"} +{"instruction":"Articular segment of sacroiliac joint is","input":"Choices: ['S1-2', 'S3 l\/2-s41\/4', 'S 1\/2 -4 1\/2', 'None']","output":"S1-2"} +{"instruction":"An infant has a positive newborn screening test for cystic fibrosis. What cut off of sweat chloride confirms cystic fibrosis?","input":"Choices: ['Sweat chloride > 30 mEq\/L', 'Sweat chloride > 40 mEq\/L', 'Sweat chloride > 50 mEq\/L', 'Sweat chloride >60 mEq\/L']","output":"Sweat chloride >60 mEq\/L"} +{"instruction":"In N-linked glycoproteins, to which of the following amino acids, oligosaccharides are covalently attached?","input":"Choices: ['Glutamine', 'Asparagine', 'Acetyl lysine', 'Serine']","output":"Asparagine"} +{"instruction":"OCD is characterised by","input":"Choices: ['Obsession of contamination rare', 'Buspirone is used to augment the therapy', 'Patient readily discussses the symptoms', 'Onset late adulthood']","output":"Onset late adulthood"} +{"instruction":"Cholesterol is a (an)","input":"Choices: ['Ester', 'Phospholipid', 'Sterol', 'Lipoprotein']","output":"Sterol"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following has only 1 serotype -","input":"Choices: ['C psittaci', 'C pneumoniae', 'C trachomatis', 'None']","output":"C pneumoniae"} +{"instruction":"Therapeutic drug monitoring of plasma concentrations of antihypertensive drugs is NOT practiced because:","input":"Choices: ['Determination of plasma level of these drugs is quite tedious and long process', 'It is easier to measure the effect of these drugs', 'Antihypertensive effect do not increase linearly with the dose', 'All antihypertensive drugs are prodrugs']","output":"It is easier to measure the effect of these drugs"} +{"instruction":"The following symbol indicates:","input":"Choices: ['Reduce', 'Reuse', 'Recycle', 'All of the above']","output":"All of the above"} +{"instruction":"Lamina papyracea is between ?","input":"Choices: ['Optic nerve and orbit', 'Maxillary sinus and orbit', 'Ethmoid sinus and orbit', 'Cranial cavity and orbit']","output":"Ethmoid sinus and orbit"} +{"instruction":"All of the following organs develop in the mesentery of stomach except","input":"Choices: ['Liver', 'Spleen', 'Kidney', 'Pancreas']","output":"Kidney"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following statement is TRUE about crescent fracture?","input":"Choices: ['Anteroposterior instability with rotational stability', 'Diastasis of pubis with pubic rami fracture', 'Anteroposterior compression is the mechanism of injury', 'Fracture of the iliac bone with sacroiliac disruption']","output":"Fracture of the iliac bone with sacroiliac disruption"} +{"instruction":"Albe's stain is used for ?","input":"Choices: ['Staphylococcus', 'Corynebacterium diphtheriae', 'C. perfringens', 'C. tetani']","output":"Corynebacterium diphtheriae"} +{"instruction":"Typical clinical features of Homer's syndrome include all except:","input":"Choices: ['Dilated pupil', 'Ptosis', 'Enophthalmos', 'Nasal stuffiness']","output":"Dilated pupil"} +{"instruction":"Not associated with fat necrosis:","input":"Choices: ['Liposuction', 'Radiotherapy', 'Mammoplasty', 'Carcinoma Breast']","output":"Carcinoma Breast"} +{"instruction":"Proteus mirabilis is associated with which renal calculi?","input":"Choices: ['Uric acid', 'Struvite', 'Cysteine', 'Calcium Oxalate']","output":"Struvite"} +{"instruction":"A 30-year-old man is brought to the emergency department following a high-speed car accident. He was the driver, and the windshield of the car was broken. On examination, he is alert, awake, oriented, and in no respiratory distress. He is unable to move any of his four extremities; however, his extremities are warm and pink. His vital signs on admission are HR 54 bpm and BP 70\/40 mm Hg. What is the diagnosis?","input":"Choices: ['Hemorrhagic shock', 'Cardiogenic shock', 'Neurogenic shock', 'Septic shock']","output":"Neurogenic shock"} +{"instruction":"Filament in X-ray machine is made up of: March 2005","input":"Choices: ['Molybdenum', 'Tungsten', 'Strontium', 'Silver']","output":"Tungsten"} +{"instruction":"Which among the following diagnostic criterion is most characteristic of Kawasakis disease","input":"Choices: ['Periungual desquamation', 'Generalised lymphadenopathy', 'Splenomegaly', 'Exudative conjunctivitis']","output":"Periungual desquamation"} +{"instruction":"True about talus is all except:","input":"Choices: ['muscular attachments', 'Strongest tarsal bone', 'Takes part in the plantar arch formation', 'Does not articulate with cuboid']","output":"muscular attachments"} +{"instruction":"Characteristic pathological feature of pneumo coccal pneumonia -","input":"Choices: ['Consolidation of airway', 'Interstitial pneumonitis', 'Increased eosinophils', 'Hilar lymphadenopathy']","output":"Consolidation of airway"} +{"instruction":"Erythromycin acts on which receptor in GITract -","input":"Choices: ['Motilin', 'Muscarinic', 'Nicotinic', 'Serotonergic']","output":"Motilin"} +{"instruction":"All of the following statements about the medical management in otosclerosis using sodium flouride are true, EXCEPT:","input":"Choices: ['Acts by inhibiting proteolytic enzymes in cochlea', 'Acts by inhibiting osteoblastic activity', 'Is contraindicated in chronic nephritis', 'Is indicated in patients with a positive Schwaze sign']","output":"Acts by inhibiting osteoblastic activity"} +{"instruction":"Progress of the labour is assessed with the help of March 2005, March 2013","input":"Choices: ['Cervicograph', 'Paogram', 'Dilatation cha', 'Growth curve']","output":"Paogram"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is not found in meningococci","input":"Choices: ['Capsule', 'Lipopolysacchride', 'Plasmid', 'Pili']","output":"Plasmid"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is not antioxidant ?","input":"Choices: ['Micronutrients like Iron', 'Vitamins like C and E', 'Enzymes like glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase', 'Transport proteins like transferrin, Ceruloplasmin']","output":"Micronutrients like Iron"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is true about Bitots spots -","input":"Choices: ['Predispose to pingecula', 'Caused by hyperplasia of goblet cells', 'Seen with fat malabsorption', 'Most common site is nasal site of conjunctiva']","output":"Seen with fat malabsorption"} +{"instruction":"Retraining approach in a pediatric patient, all are true, Except:","input":"Choices: ['Discrimination', 'Avoidance', 'De-emphasis and substitution', 'Distraction']","output":"Discrimination"} +{"instruction":"In Balint syndrome all are seen except-","input":"Choices: ['Simultagnosia', 'Dysgraphia', 'Ataxia', 'Apraxia']","output":"Dysgraphia"} +{"instruction":"The sho bowel syndrome is characterized by all of the following except :","input":"Choices: ['Diarrhea', 'Hypogastrinemia', 'Weight loss', 'Steatorrhoea']","output":"Hypogastrinemia"} +{"instruction":"Definite diagnosis of pregnancy include all, except: Kerala 09; 11","input":"Choices: ['Fetal hea sound', 'Palpation of fetal pas', 'Fetal skeleton on X-ray', 'hCG in blood']","output":"hCG in blood"} +{"instruction":"Gastrojejunostomy is an example of:","input":"Choices: ['Clean contaminated wound', 'Clean uncontaminated wound', 'Unclean uncontaminated wound', 'Unclean contaminated wound']","output":"Clean contaminated wound"} +{"instruction":"True about VDRL test:","input":"Choices: ['Non-specific', 'Slide flocculation test', 'Best followed for drug therapy', 'All']","output":"All"} +{"instruction":"The Retinoblastoma stage 111 is treated by","input":"Choices: ['Enucleation', 'Exenteration', 'Radiotherapy', 'None']","output":"Exenteration"} +{"instruction":"Midpalmar space of hand communicates with all except -","input":"Choices: ['Forearm space', 'Fascial sheath of 1st lumbrical', 'Fascial sheath of 2nd lumbrical', 'Fascial sheath of 3rd lumbrical']","output":"Fascial sheath of 1st lumbrical"} +{"instruction":"In a well fed state, the activity of CPT-I in outer mitochondrial membrane is inhibited by:","input":"Choices: ['Glucose', 'Pyruvate', 'Acetyl CoA', 'Malonyl CoA']","output":"Malonyl CoA"} +{"instruction":"An X-linked recessive disease is characterized by the following inheritance :","input":"Choices: ['Veical transmission', '50% female carriers if male is affected and female is normal', '50% male affected if female is carrier and male is normal', '50% male carriers if female is affected and male is normal']","output":"50% male affected if female is carrier and male is normal"} +{"instruction":"The most impoant radiological sign of splenic rupture is -","input":"Choices: ['Obliteration of psoas shadow', 'Obliteration of splenic shadow', 'Indentation of the left side air bubble', 'Fracture of one or more lower ribs on left side']","output":"Obliteration of splenic shadow"} +{"instruction":"Delirium is most commonly seen in","input":"Choices: ['Alcohol', 'Barbiturate', 'Opium', 'Cocaine']","output":"Alcohol"} +{"instruction":"The most common physical sign of cerebral metastasis-","input":"Choices: ['Epilepsy', 'Focal neurological deficit', 'Papilloedema', 'Visual defects']","output":"Focal neurological deficit"} +{"instruction":"The immediate complication of vesicular mole evacuation is :","input":"Choices: ['Bleeding', 'Infection', 'Incomplete evacuation', 'Sepsis']","output":"Bleeding"} +{"instruction":"Radical curve for plasmodium vivax used","input":"Choices: ['Chloroquine', 'Primaquine', 'Mefloquinine', 'Quinine']","output":"Primaquine"} +{"instruction":"Diagnostic of acute pulmonary embolism is","input":"Choices: ['Chest radiograph', 'ESR', 'ECG changes', 'D-dimer assay']","output":"D-dimer assay"} +{"instruction":"Most common ocular infection in AIDS:","input":"Choices: ['Chlamydia', 'Herpes simplex', 'CMV', 'Rubella']","output":"CMV"} +{"instruction":"All of the following can be administrated in acute hypertension during labour except:","input":"Choices: ['IV labetalol', 'IV nitroprusside', 'IV dihydralazine', 'IV diazoxide']","output":"IV diazoxide"} +{"instruction":"Pyometra commonly occurs following :","input":"Choices: ['Carcinoma endometrium', 'Carcinoma cervix', 'Carcinoma urethra', 'Senile endometritis']","output":"Carcinoma endometrium"} +{"instruction":"If prevalence of disease is high in population, requires","input":"Choices: ['Low level screening', 'Medium screening', 'High screening', 'No screening']","output":"Low level screening"} +{"instruction":"Cardiotoxicity caused by radiotherapy and chemotherapy is best detected by:","input":"Choices: ['Echocardiography', 'Endomyocardial biopsy', 'ECG', 'Radionuclide scan']","output":"Endomyocardial biopsy"} +{"instruction":"Lt border of the hea in C.X.R. is formed by:","input":"Choices: ['Pul.aery', 'Pul. vein', 'Abdominal aoa', 'All']","output":"Pul.aery"} +{"instruction":"Cataract in diabetes is caused by","input":"Choices: ['Glucose', 'Sorbitol', 'Fructose', 'Sucrose']","output":"Sorbitol"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is used for cervical ripening?","input":"Choices: ['Dinoprostone gel', 'Misoprostol tablets', 'Hyaluronic acid', 'All the above']","output":"All the above"} +{"instruction":"All are organophosphorus poison, except –","input":"Choices: ['Abate', 'Dibenanone', 'Propoxur', 'Malathione']","output":"Propoxur"} +{"instruction":"Zavenelli's manoeuver done in:","input":"Choices: ['Shoulder dystocia', 'Deep transverse arrest', 'Retained placenta', 'Face presentation']","output":"Shoulder dystocia"} +{"instruction":"Major mineral of the bone is","input":"Choices: ['Calcite', 'Hydroxyapatite', 'Calcium oxide', 'Calcium carbonate']","output":"Hydroxyapatite"} +{"instruction":"Defence mechanism in OCD?","input":"Choices: ['Reaction formation', 'Regression', 'Progression', 'Sublimation']","output":"Reaction formation"} +{"instruction":"Vitamin B12 intrinsic factor absorption occurs in","input":"Choices: ['Duodenum', 'Ileum', 'Jejunum', 'Colon']","output":"Ileum"} +{"instruction":"Rhinitis medicamentosa is due to-","input":"Choices: ['Nasal decongestants', 'Steroids', 'Antihistaminics', 'Surgery']","output":"Nasal decongestants"} +{"instruction":"Which pox wont grow in egg, animal cells:","input":"Choices: ['Cow pox', 'Vaccinia', 'Variola', 'Molluscum']","output":"Molluscum"} +{"instruction":"Which among the following NOT a pharmacological action of opioids","input":"Choices: ['Cough suppression', 'Anti-emesis', 'Miosis', 'Truncal rigidity']","output":"Anti-emesis"} +{"instruction":"Cancerous involvement is seen with","input":"Choices: ['Chancre', 'Mucous patch', 'Syphilitic glossitis', 'Gumma']","output":"Syphilitic glossitis"} +{"instruction":"Van Buchem's syndrome is characterized by all except","input":"Choices: ['Overgrowth', 'Distrotion of mandible', 'Facial Palsy', 'Increased acid phosphatase']","output":"Distrotion of mandible"} +{"instruction":"Hepatitis C virus is associated with -a) Anti LKM - I antibodyb) Sclerodermac) Cryoglobulinemiad) Polyarteritis nodosa","input":"Choices: ['a', 'ac', 'ad', 'b']","output":"ac"} +{"instruction":"A child presents with massive hepatomegaly and hypoglycemia. There is no improvement in blood glucose on the administration of glucagon. The probable diagnosis is –","input":"Choices: ['Von–Gierke disease', 'McArdle disease', \"Car's disease\", \"Forbe's disease\"]","output":"Von–Gierke disease"} +{"instruction":"Uterine fibromyoma is associated with:","input":"Choices: ['Endometriosis', 'Pelvic inflammatory disease', 'Ovarian Ca', 'Amenorrhea']","output":"Endometriosis"} +{"instruction":"Drug whose long term use effects can closely mimic schizophrenia is","input":"Choices: ['Alcohol', 'Amphetamines', 'Opioids', 'MDMA']","output":"Amphetamines"} +{"instruction":"A 21-year-old woman experiences abruptio placentae with severe bleeding during the delivery of a term fetus. Five months later, she presents with profound lethargy, pallor, muscle weakness, failure of lactation and amenorrhea. Which of the following pathologic findings is expected in this patient?","input":"Choices: ['Atrophy of the endocrine pancreas', 'Autoimmune destruction of the adrenal coex', 'Infarction of the pituitary', 'Pituitary prolactinoma']","output":"Infarction of the pituitary"} +{"instruction":"Which is the best method of central tendency that is used to show quantitative variable:","input":"Choices: ['Mean', 'Median', 'Mode', 'Box and whisker']","output":"Mean"} +{"instruction":"What wavelength is used in the given instrument to treat any pathology in new born?","input":"Choices: ['360 nm', '470 nm', '540 nm', '230 nm']","output":"470 nm"} +{"instruction":"Which sugar is taken up by enterocytes by facilitated diffusion?","input":"Choices: ['Glucose', 'Galactose', 'Fructose', 'Xylose']","output":"Fructose"} +{"instruction":"Flat capnogram is seen in all except:-","input":"Choices: ['Disconnection of endotracheal tube', 'Accidental extubation', 'Ventilation failure', 'Endobronchial intubation']","output":"Endobronchial intubation"} +{"instruction":"Triple test for diagnosis of Down's syndrome includes all of the following except –","input":"Choices: ['β–HCG', 'α–Fetoprotein', 'Serum HPL level', 'Serum oestriol level']","output":"Serum HPL level"} +{"instruction":"Pubey does NOT occur before the age of 8 years because:","input":"Choices: ['The hypothalamus does not secrete GnRH in a pulsatile manner', 'Inadequate synthesis of gonadotropins by the pituitary', 'Gonads are unresponsive to gonadotropin', 'Positive feedback action of gonadal steroids on pituitary']","output":"The hypothalamus does not secrete GnRH in a pulsatile manner"} +{"instruction":"A 55-year-old male firefighter is admitted to the hospital after blunt trauma to his right axilla. Examination reveals winging of the scapula and partial paralysis of the right side of the diaphragm. Which of the following parts of the brachial plexus have been injured?","input":"Choices: ['Cords', 'Divisions', 'Roots', 'Terminal branches']","output":"Roots"} +{"instruction":"Transport of molecules in simple diffusion is not determined by:","input":"Choices: ['ATP usage', 'Size of molecule', 'Lipid solubility', 'Number of channels']","output":"ATP usage"} +{"instruction":"Radiation protection shields are made up of:","input":"Choices: ['Copper', 'Silver', 'Lead', 'Tin']","output":"Lead"} +{"instruction":"In which of the following condition there are congenital anomalies of the middle ear?","input":"Choices: ['Tuner syndrome', 'Down syndrome', 'Klinefelter syndrome', 'Alpo syndrome']","output":"Down syndrome"} +{"instruction":"Beer drinker's hea is associated with","input":"Choices: ['Copper', 'Magnesium', 'Molybdenum', 'Cobalt']","output":"Cobalt"} +{"instruction":"HCG is produced by","input":"Choices: ['Kidney', 'Placenta', 'Pituitary', 'Liver']","output":"Placenta"} +{"instruction":"Which vitamin deficiency is found in gastric cancer patients?","input":"Choices: ['Vitamin C', 'Vitamin B 12', 'Vitamin A', 'Vitamin D']","output":"Vitamin B 12"} +{"instruction":"2 weeks old baby having scrotal pigmentation along with hyponatremia, gypoglycemia and hyperkalemia enzyme deficient-","input":"Choices: ['11 beta hydroxylase', '21 a- hydroxylase', '3- Beta hydroxylase dehydrogenase', '17- hydroxylase deficiency']","output":"21 a- hydroxylase"} +{"instruction":"Which one of the following statements is false with regard to pyuria in children -","input":"Choices: ['Presence of more than 5 WBC\/hpf (high power field) for girls and more than 3 WBC\/hpf for boys', 'Infection can occur without pyuria', 'Pyuria may be present without Urinary tract infection', 'Isolated pyuria is neither confirmatory nor diagnostic for Urinary tract infection']","output":"Presence of more than 5 WBC\/hpf (high power field) for girls and more than 3 WBC\/hpf for boys"} +{"instruction":"Burnout of casting to expand the mould is done at a temperature of","input":"Choices: ['100 C', '538 C', '675-710 C', 'None of the above']","output":"538 C"} +{"instruction":"Apart from dental caries, streptococcus mutans can cause","input":"Choices: ['Endocarditis', 'Food poisioning', 'Urinary tract infection', 'Pharyngitis']","output":"Endocarditis"} +{"instruction":"Left anterior descending artery is a branch of:","input":"Choices: ['Right coronary artery', 'Left coronary artery', 'Ascending aorta', 'Coronary sinus']","output":"Left coronary artery"} +{"instruction":"Sinus of Morgagni is present in","input":"Choices: ['Oropharynx', 'Nasopharynx', 'Hypopharynx', 'Laryngopharynx']","output":"Nasopharynx"} +{"instruction":"What is the strength of shock given to below victim of cardiac arrest with shockable rhythm:","input":"Choices: ['200 J asynchronous Shock', '300 AC shock', '200 Syn. Shock', '300 J Syn. Shock']","output":"200 J asynchronous Shock"} +{"instruction":"Gallows traction is used for fracture-","input":"Choices: ['Shaft femur', 'Neck femur', 'Shaft tibia', 'Tibial tuberosity']","output":"Shaft femur"} +{"instruction":"A female patient presented with depressed mood, loss of appetite and no interest in surroundings., There is associated insomnia. The onset of depression was preceeded by a history of business loss and soon after it she developed the following symptoms for the past one year. True statement regarding management patient is?","input":"Choices: ['No treatment is necessary as it is due to business loss', 'SSRI is the most efficacious of the available drugs', 'Start SSRI treatment based on side effect profile', 'Combination therapy of 2 anti-depressant drugs']","output":"Start SSRI treatment based on side effect profile"} +{"instruction":"A single hypopigmented anesthetic patch with satellite lesion on forearm, likely diagnosis is :","input":"Choices: ['Indeerminate leprosy', 'Tuberculoid leprosy', 'Neuritic leprosy', 'Luptis Vulgaris']","output":"Tuberculoid leprosy"} +{"instruction":"In pediatric advanced life suppo, intraosseous access for drug\/fluid administration is recommended for","input":"Choices: ['<1yr', '<6 yrs', '<12yrs', 'Any age']","output":"<6 yrs"} +{"instruction":"Radiorestistant tumor is-","input":"Choices: ['Ewings sarcoma', 'Retinoblastoma', 'Osteosarcoma', 'Neuroblastoma']","output":"Osteosarcoma"} +{"instruction":"Ionophores have all of the following actions except:","input":"Choices: ['Abolish proton gradient', 'Inhibit ADP to ATP conversion', 'Hydrophilic in character', 'Abolish pH gradient']","output":"Hydrophilic in character"} +{"instruction":"Therapeutic drug development which is the newest agent ?","input":"Choices: ['Ribozyme', 'Micro RNA', 'SnRNA', 'Retro RNA']","output":"Micro RNA"} +{"instruction":"Treatment of choice in deafness associcated with attico antral perforation-","input":"Choices: ['Simple mastoidectomy', 'Modified radical mastoidectomy', 'Watch and wait', 'Instillation of antibiotic drops']","output":"Modified radical mastoidectomy"} +{"instruction":"Convulsions in a child with dehydration and vomiting can only be due to-","input":"Choices: ['Decreased serum sodium', 'Decreased serum magnesium', 'Decreased serum potassium', 'Decreased serum potassium']","output":"Decreased serum sodium"} +{"instruction":"All of these signs are included in Silverman-Anderson score except?","input":"Choices: ['Nasal flaring', 'Cyanosis', 'Grunting', 'Chest movements']","output":"Cyanosis"} +{"instruction":"True about V cholera O139 all except -","input":"Choices: ['Clinical manifestations are similar 01 Eltor strain', 'First discovered in Chennai', 'Epidemiologically indistinguishable from 01 Eltor strain', 'Produces 01 Lipopolysaccharide']","output":"Produces 01 Lipopolysaccharide"} +{"instruction":"A baby has recently developed mouthing but has not developed stranger anxiety. Likes and dislikes for food. What is the most appropriate age of this baby –","input":"Choices: ['3 months', '5 months', '7 months', '9 months']","output":"5 months"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is initial investigation of choice for a patient presenting with solitary nodule of thyroid:","input":"Choices: ['Thyroid function test', 'FNAC', 'Radionuclide scan', 'MRl']","output":"FNAC"} +{"instruction":"Pseudo Nikolsky sign is seen in","input":"Choices: ['Pemphigus', 'Lupus vulgaris', 'Toxic epidermal necrolysis', 'Leischmaniasis']","output":"Toxic epidermal necrolysis"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is the major site of erythropoietin production during the fetal stage?","input":"Choices: ['Liver', 'Yolk sac', 'Bone', 'Spleen']","output":"Liver"} +{"instruction":"Friedlander Pneumonia refers to Pneumonia caused by","input":"Choices: ['Klebsiella', 'Pneumococcus', 'H. Influenzae', 'Staphylococcus']","output":"Klebsiella"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is the most common cause of insulin resistance?","input":"Choices: ['Obesity', 'Post receptor defects', 'Liver dysfunction', 'Pancreatic dysfunction']","output":"Obesity"} +{"instruction":"A paitent met an accident with a car and has been in `deep coma' for the last 15 days. The most suitable route for the administration of protein and calories is by","input":"Choices: ['Jejunostomy tube feeding', 'Gagstrotomy tube feeding', 'Nasogastric tube feeding', 'Central venous hyperalimentation']","output":"Jejunostomy tube feeding"} +{"instruction":"Just before birth which epiphysis appears :","input":"Choices: ['Lower end of femur', 'Upper end of humerus', 'Lower end of fibula', 'Upper end of tibia']","output":"Lower end of femur"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following organism represents the normal vaginal anaerobic flora?","input":"Choices: ['Lactobacillus', 'Gardenella', 'Corynebacterium', 'E. coli']","output":"Lactobacillus"} +{"instruction":"A man with blunt injury abdomen after road side accident has a blood pressure of 100\/80 mm Hg and a pulse rate of 120 bpm. Airway has been established and respiration has been stabilized. Next best step in management is?","input":"Choices: ['Immediate Blood Transfusion', 'Blood for cross matching & IV fluid adminisration', 'Ventilate the patient', 'Exoplratory laparotomy']","output":"Blood for cross matching & IV fluid adminisration"} +{"instruction":"Exclusive breastfeeding is at least until –","input":"Choices: ['4 month', '6 month', '8 month', '10 month']","output":"6 month"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following statements about iodine preparations is false?","input":"Choices: ['Contraindicated in hypehyroidism', 'Causes iodism', 'Inhibits the release of thyroxine', 'Inhibits the synthesis of iodo thyroxine and iodo thyronine']","output":"Contraindicated in hypehyroidism"} +{"instruction":"A patient is suffering from atherosclerosis, which of the following drug is most effective for the prevention of stroke in this patient","input":"Choices: ['Warfarin', 'Heparin', 'Aspirin', 'Digoxin']","output":"Aspirin"} +{"instruction":"MELD diagnostic score -","input":"Choices: ['Predicts mortality in patient waiting liver transplant', 'Higher score - less mortality risk', 'Predicts mortality risk for a 60 day period', 'It is a 4 to 60 scale']","output":"Predicts mortality in patient waiting liver transplant"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is not an advantage of immediate dentures","input":"Choices: ['Excellent esthetics can be achieved on day of insertion', 'Circumoral support is maintained', 'Speech and mastication are less affected', \"Patient's psychological and social well being is preserved\"]","output":"Excellent esthetics can be achieved on day of insertion"} +{"instruction":"Following drugs are known to contribute to urinary Incontinence except","input":"Choices: ['Nicardipine', 'Haloperidol', 'Metoprolol', 'Prazosin']","output":"Metoprolol"} +{"instruction":"A 30-year-old man who was recently staed on haloperidol 30mg\/day developed hyperpyrexia, muscle rigidity, akinesia, mutism, sweating, tachycardia and increased blood pressure. The investigations showed increased VVBC count, increased creatinine phosphokinase. There is no history of any other drug intake or any signs of infection. The most likely diagnosis is:","input":"Choices: ['Drug overdose', 'Neuroleptic malignant syndrome', 'Drug induce Parkinsonism', 'Tardive dyskinesia']","output":"Neuroleptic malignant syndrome"} +{"instruction":"Feature (s) of dyskeratosis is\/are all except : (PGI June 2007)","input":"Choices: ['Premalignant leukoplakia', 'Atrophy and telangiectasia', 'Hypopigmented macules', 'Most common congenital syndrome involving nails']","output":"Most common congenital syndrome involving nails"} +{"instruction":"Chromium is added to stainless steel as it provides","input":"Choices: ['Sensitisation', 'Corrosion resistance', 'Stabilisation', 'Hardening']","output":"Corrosion resistance"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is NOT TRUE regarding PROPOFOL ?","input":"Choices: ['It is used in day care anesthesia', 'It is contraindicated in porphyria', 'Commercial preparation contains egg extract', 'It does not cause airway irritation']","output":"It is contraindicated in porphyria"} +{"instruction":"Number of films required for full mouth radiographs of a child aged 10 years:","input":"Choices: ['4 films', '12 films', '14 films', '20 films']","output":"14 films"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following collagen is involved\/expressed in early wound healing","input":"Choices: ['Type 1', 'Type 2', 'Type 3', 'Type 4']","output":"Type 3"} +{"instruction":"Nerve involved in hyperacusis -","input":"Choices: ['Facial nerve', 'Glossopharyngeal', 'Vagus', 'Hypoglossal']","output":"Facial nerve"} +{"instruction":"Slit lamp examination helps in the examination of","input":"Choices: ['Anterior 2\/3rd of choroid', 'Anterior 1\/3rd of choroid', 'Posterior 1\/3rd of choroid', 'Posterior capsule']","output":"Posterior capsule"} +{"instruction":"If the prevalene is very low as compared to the incidence for a disease, it implies -","input":"Choices: ['Disease is very fatal and\/or easily curable', 'Disease is nonfatal', 'Calculation of prevalence and incidence is wrong', 'Nothing can be said, as they are independent']","output":"Disease is very fatal and\/or easily curable"} +{"instruction":"Lacrimal punctum of upper and lower eyelids are ?","input":"Choices: ['They are opposed', 'No relation', 'Upper punctum is medial', 'Upper punctum is lateral']","output":"They are opposed"} +{"instruction":"True about adenocarcinoma lung","input":"Choices: ['More common in female', 'Smoking is not associated with', 'Central cavitations', 'Upper lobe involvement is most common']","output":"More common in female"} +{"instruction":"The age by which most of the normal babies know their gender is -","input":"Choices: ['1 year', '2 years', '3 years', '4 years']","output":"3 years"} +{"instruction":"Dawbarn sign is seen in","input":"Choices: ['Infraspinatus tendinitis', 'Subacromial bursitis', 'Achlilles tendon injury', 'rotator cuff tear']","output":"Subacromial bursitis"} +{"instruction":"Skeletal element of second branchial arch-","input":"Choices: ['Malleus', 'Incus', \"Meckel's cailage\", 'Stapes']","output":"Stapes"} +{"instruction":"A two year old male child was given 8 days of cefaclor of a 10 days course. The child develops low grade fever, malaise lymphadenopathy, irritability, generalized erythematous rash which are mildly pruritic. Most probable diagnosis is","input":"Choices: ['Kawasaki disease', 'Paially treated meningitis', 'Infectious mononucleosis', 'Type 3 hypersensitivity']","output":"Type 3 hypersensitivity"} +{"instruction":"Hangman's fracture is-","input":"Choices: ['Subluxation of C5 over C6', 'Fracture dislocation of C2', 'Fracture dislocation of ankle joint', 'Fracture of odontoid']","output":"Fracture dislocation of C2"} +{"instruction":"Phelps sign is seen in","input":"Choices: ['Glomus jugulare', 'Vestibular Schwannoma', 'Menniers disease', 'Neurofibromatosis']","output":"Glomus jugulare"} +{"instruction":"In conversion disorder, all are found except -","input":"Choices: ['Jealousy', 'Paralysis', 'Anaesthesia', 'Abnormal gait']","output":"Jealousy"} +{"instruction":"True about modified radical mastectomy is:-","input":"Choices: ['Pectoralis major is removed', 'Axillary lymph nodes are preserved', 'Pectoralis minor is divided', 'Internal mammary lymph nodes are removed']","output":"Pectoralis minor is divided"} +{"instruction":"Drug of choice for ADHD is","input":"Choices: ['Methylphenidate', 'Modafinil', 'Amitriptyline', 'Adrenaline']","output":"Methylphenidate"} +{"instruction":"Hair perforation test is positive in infection with","input":"Choices: ['Trichophyton', 'Microsporum', 'Epidermophyton', 'All of the above']","output":"Trichophyton"} +{"instruction":"Oxygenated blood from fetus is carried by:","input":"Choices: ['Umbilical artery', 'Umbilical vein', 'Ductus venosus', 'Hypogastric artery']","output":"Umbilical vein"} +{"instruction":"Which is not a feature of fungal corneal ulcer?","input":"Choices: ['White dry', 'Immune ring', 'More symptomatic than bacterial ulcer', 'Non-sterile hypopyon.']","output":"More symptomatic than bacterial ulcer"} +{"instruction":"Pilocarpine is an:","input":"Choices: ['Active miotic', 'Passive miotic', 'Active Mydriatic', 'Passive Mydriatic']","output":"Active miotic"} +{"instruction":"Following resection of 2\/3rd of the liver, regeneration is complete within","input":"Choices: ['2-3 months', '8-10weeks', '4-6 months', '4-5 weeks']","output":"4-6 months"} +{"instruction":"'Murphy sign' is associated with: March 2004","input":"Choices: ['Acute cholecystitis', 'Pancreatic mass', 'Splenomegaly', 'Carcinoma colon']","output":"Acute cholecystitis"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is a ribozyme-","input":"Choices: ['Peptidvltransferase', 'Elongation factor 2', 'Primase', 'RNA polymerase']","output":"Peptidvltransferase"} +{"instruction":"Idea of adrenal biopsy should be made after ruling out","input":"Choices: ['Adrenocortical carcinoma', 'Metastases', 'Pheochromocytoma', \"Cushing's syndrome\"]","output":"Pheochromocytoma"} +{"instruction":"Most common catheter-related bloodstream infection is","input":"Choices: ['Candida', 'Gram negative organisms', 'Coagulase positive staphylococci', 'Coagulase negative staphylococci']","output":"Coagulase negative staphylococci"} +{"instruction":"Maximum plasma protein bound drug is ?","input":"Choices: ['NTG', 'Verapamil', 'Aspirin', 'GTN']","output":"Verapamil"} +{"instruction":"Urgent reversal of warfarin therapy can be done by administration of-","input":"Choices: ['Cryoprecipitates', 'Plasma concentrates', 'Fresh frozen plasma', 'Packed red cells']","output":"Fresh frozen plasma"} +{"instruction":"While walking or standing, posture is maintain by -","input":"Choices: ['Basal ganglia', 'Hypothalamus', 'Cerebellum', 'Amygdala']","output":"Cerebellum"} +{"instruction":"Example of artificial passive immunity?","input":"Choices: ['Infection', 'Mother to child', 'Vaccine', 'Readymade immunoglobulin']","output":"Readymade immunoglobulin"} +{"instruction":"Elek test is used in:","input":"Choices: ['Influenza', 'Diphtheria', 'Brucellosis', 'Cholera']","output":"Diphtheria"} +{"instruction":"Indication for aoic stenting is: March 2008","input":"Choices: ['Acute aoic occlusion', 'Aoic dissection', 'Rheumatic aoitis', 'Tetralogy of fallot']","output":"Aoic dissection"} +{"instruction":"Homonymous hemianopia type of visual field defect is seen in all except ?","input":"Choices: ['Lateral geniculate body', 'Total optic radiation', 'Optic tract', 'Optic chaisma']","output":"Optic chaisma"} +{"instruction":"A 34 year old female with history of oral contraceptive pills (OCP) usage, was brought to the ER with hematemesis and severe acute RUQ abdominal pain. She have a history of DVT. Physical evaluation reveals ascites and tender heatomegaly. Which of the following is the most likely cause for this?","input":"Choices: ['Obstruction of the common bile duct', 'Obstruction of the intrahepatic sinusoids', 'Thrombosis of the hepatic aery', 'Thrombosis of the hepatic veins']","output":"Thrombosis of the hepatic veins"} +{"instruction":"The structure that passes between middle cerebellar peduncle and pons is","input":"Choices: ['Trigeminal nerve', 'Vagus nerve', 'Olfactory nerve', 'Optic nerve']","output":"Trigeminal nerve"} +{"instruction":"False about orbital cellulitis","input":"Choices: ['Leads to paralysis of 3rd,4th,6th nerve', 'Involves sympathetic plexus', 'Unilateral', 'Loss of vision']","output":"Involves sympathetic plexus"} +{"instruction":"In Bing test, on alternately compressing and releasing the external acoustic meatus, the sound increases and decreases. This indicates","input":"Choices: ['Otosclerosis', 'Sensorineural deafness', 'Adhesive otitis media', 'Chronic suppurative otitis media']","output":"Sensorineural deafness"} +{"instruction":"All of the following are impoant causes of hyponatremia, EXCEPT:","input":"Choices: ['Gastric fistula', 'Excessive vomiting', 'Excessive sweating', 'Hypothyroidism']","output":"Excessive sweating"} +{"instruction":"Multiple small mucinous cysts of the endocervix that result from blockage of endocervical glands by overlying squamous metaplastic epithelium are called","input":"Choices: [\"Baholin's cysts\", 'Chocolate cysts', \"Ganer's duct cysts\", 'Nabothian cysts']","output":"Nabothian cysts"} +{"instruction":"Following are used in treatment of digitalis toxicity except-","input":"Choices: ['Potassium', 'Lignocaine', 'Fabpaicles', 'Hemodialysis']","output":"Hemodialysis"} +{"instruction":"A 28-year-old woman is evaluated for infeility and amenorrhea. She is obese and has significant facial hair in a male distribution. Laboratory studies reveal an increase in serum LH, as well as in total serum testosterone and in the testosterone metabolite dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate. A pelvic ultrasound examination would probably reveal which of the following findings?","input":"Choices: ['A mass resembling a bunch of grapes projecting into the vagina', 'Blood-filled cysts in the ovary', 'Fluid accumulation in the fallopian tubes', 'Multiple small follicular cysts on the ovary']","output":"Multiple small follicular cysts on the ovary"} +{"instruction":"An 76 year lady had a history of a red facial rash suffered venous eczema of legs. She was treated for acne rosacea by her GP. On examination, she had bluish pigmentation on both the legs. What drug is likely to have caused this?","input":"Choices: ['Amiodarone', 'Hydroxychloroquine', 'Minicycline', 'Amocycillin']","output":"Minicycline"} +{"instruction":"A 2-year-old child was admitted to the hospital with acute meningitis. The Gram stain revealed Gram- positive short rods, and the mother indicated that the child had received \"all(tm) of the meningitis vaccinations. What is the most likely cause of the disease?","input":"Choices: ['N. meningitidis, group A', 'N. meningitidis, group C', 'Listeria', 'S. pneumonia']","output":"Listeria"} +{"instruction":"Most common cause of posterior staphyloma:","input":"Choices: ['Trauma', 'Glaucoma', 'Myopia', 'Scleritis']","output":"Myopia"} +{"instruction":"Longest acting thiazide diuretic is:","input":"Choices: ['Chlorthiazide', 'Chlorthalidone', 'Indapamide', 'Metolazone']","output":"Chlorthalidone"} +{"instruction":"Extent of kidney is from:","input":"Choices: ['D10-L1', 'D11-L2', 'D12-L3', 'L1-L3']","output":"D12-L3"} +{"instruction":"‘Disability Limitation’ is mode of intervention for:","input":"Choices: ['Primordial Prevention', 'Primary Prevention', 'Tertiary Prevention', 'Secondary Prevention']","output":"Tertiary Prevention"} +{"instruction":"All are contraindications of digitalis except","input":"Choices: ['Carditis', 'Increased calcium', 'AV block', 'Hepatic failure']","output":"Increased calcium"} +{"instruction":"Laser welding:","input":"Choices: ['Involves high heat generation', 'Can be done with pure titanium', 'Is not used in dentistry', 'Can he done with pure gold']","output":"Can be done with pure titanium"} +{"instruction":"True about left phrenic nerve","input":"Choices: ['Lies anterior to anterior scalenous muscle', 'Posterior to brachial plexus', 'Posterior to subclan aery', 'Posterior to hilum left lung']","output":"Lies anterior to anterior scalenous muscle"} +{"instruction":"Standard error of mean is called as -","input":"Choices: ['Standard detion', 'Mode', 'Median', 'Variable']","output":"Standard detion"} +{"instruction":"What is true about sinus venosus?","input":"Choices: ['Forms rough wall of right atrium', 'Forms smooth wall of right atrium', 'Forms right coronary sinus', 'Forms left leaflet of coronary sinus']","output":"Forms smooth wall of right atrium"} +{"instruction":"A well of contaminated water resulting in an epidemic of acute watery diarrhea is a typical example for:","input":"Choices: ['Common source, single exposure epidemic', 'Common source, continuous exposure epidemic', 'Slow epidemic', 'Propagated epidemic']","output":"Common source, continuous exposure epidemic"} +{"instruction":"Laudanosine is metabolite of -","input":"Choices: ['Cisatracurium', 'Atracurium', 'Pancuronium', 'Gallamine']","output":"Atracurium"} +{"instruction":"All are true about the condition except?","input":"Choices: ['Piano key movement of ulnar styloid', 'Z line deformity', 'Atlanto axial deformity', 'Tender Nodes']","output":"Tender Nodes"} +{"instruction":"Cardiolipin is an impoant component of which of the following:","input":"Choices: ['Mitochondria', 'Cell membrane', 'Ribosome', 'All of the above']","output":"Mitochondria"} +{"instruction":"Culture media for peussis is -","input":"Choices: ['L-J medium', 'Chocolate media', 'Wilson blair medium', 'Bordet - Gengou medium']","output":"Bordet - Gengou medium"} +{"instruction":"Stage of analgesia in anaesthesia is -","input":"Choices: ['Stage-1', 'Stage-2', 'Stage-3', 'Stage-4']","output":"Stage-1"} +{"instruction":"Drug of choice for the following is:","input":"Choices: ['Chloroquine', 'Quinine', 'Clindamycin', 'Dapsone']","output":"Chloroquine"} +{"instruction":"Pseudoporphyria can be induced by all except","input":"Choices: ['Methotrexate', 'Nalidixic acid', 'Naproxen', 'Isotretinoin']","output":"Methotrexate"} +{"instruction":"Reflux oesophagitis is common in which type of Hiatus Hernia","input":"Choices: ['Sliding type of Hiatus Hernia', 'Paraoesophageal type of Hiatus Hernia', 'Both', 'None']","output":"Sliding type of Hiatus Hernia"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following drug does not show renal toxicity","input":"Choices: ['Gentamycin', 'Streptomycin', 'Methoxyprenaline', 'Isoflurane']","output":"Isoflurane"} +{"instruction":"A 15-year-old boy feels that the di has hung onto him whenever he passes through the diy street. He knows that there is actually no such thing after he has cleaned once, but he is not satisfied and is compelled to think so. The most likely diagnosis is: Gujarat 07","input":"Choices: ['OCD', 'Conduct disorder', 'Agoraphobia', 'Adjustment disorder']","output":"OCD"} +{"instruction":"Clopidogrel inhibit platelet aggregation by :","input":"Choices: ['Inhibit Gp IIb\/IIIa', 'Inhibits phosphodiesterase', 'Inhibits ADP', 'Inhibits cyclooxygenase']","output":"Inhibits ADP"} +{"instruction":"A four-year old child presents with mild fever, malaise, prupura, arithritis, abdominal pain and microscopic hematuria. What would be the most likely diagnosis -","input":"Choices: ['Thrombobasthenia', 'Idiopathic thrombocytopenic', 'Systemic lupus erythematosus', 'Henoch-Schonlein purpura']","output":"Henoch-Schonlein purpura"} +{"instruction":"A 52 years postmenopausal female presents unilocular with a ovarian cyst of 6 cms with normal CA 125 levels management is;","input":"Choices: ['USG guided ovarian tapping', 'Wait and watch', 'Surgery', 'OCP']","output":"Wait and watch"} +{"instruction":"Otospongiosis is -","input":"Choices: ['Autosomal dominant', 'Autosomal recessive', 'X-linked dominant', 'X-linked recessive']","output":"Autosomal dominant"} +{"instruction":"Primary idiopathic polymyositis does not involve:-","input":"Choices: ['Pelvic girdle muscles', 'Neck muscles', 'Ocular muscles', 'Pharyngeal muscle']","output":"Ocular muscles"} +{"instruction":"A well differenciated follicular carcinoma of thyroid can be best differenciated from a follicular adenoma by","input":"Choices: ['Huhle cell change', 'Lining of tall columnar and cuboidal cells', 'Vasular invasion', 'Nuclear features']","output":"Vasular invasion"} +{"instruction":"Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis is most often due to","input":"Choices: ['E. coli', 'Proteus', 'Pseudomonas', 'Klebsiella']","output":"Proteus"} +{"instruction":"During which of the following prenatal stages, are leukocytes not present in the developing embryo?","input":"Choices: ['Hepatic stage', 'Bone marrow stage', 'Mesoblastic stage', 'Splenic stage']","output":"Mesoblastic stage"} +{"instruction":"Mechanism of action of vancomycin is:","input":"Choices: ['Cell wall synthesis inhibition', 'Protein synthesis inhibition', 'Increase in membrane permeability', 'Inhibition of folic acid metabolism']","output":"Cell wall synthesis inhibition"} +{"instruction":"55-year-old lady, both upper limb, both lower limb, perineum 3rd degree burns. How much fluid will you give in first 8 hours?","input":"Choices: ['6710 mL', '8120 mL', '9120 mL', '10,120 mL']","output":"6710 mL"} +{"instruction":"Functions of basal ganglia include:","input":"Choices: ['Planning and voluntary movements', 'Sensory integration', 'Sho term memory', 'Coordination of motor function']","output":"Planning and voluntary movements"} +{"instruction":"Ritter's disease is caused by:","input":"Choices: ['S. aureus', 'S. epidermidis', 'S. albus', 'S. saprophyticus']","output":"S. aureus"} +{"instruction":"Which hepatitis is most dangerous in pregnancy:","input":"Choices: ['Hepatitis A', 'Hepatitis B', 'Hepatitis C', 'Hepatitis E']","output":"Hepatitis E"} +{"instruction":"Pigmentation in the liver is caused by all except-","input":"Choices: ['Lipofuscin', 'Pseudomelanin', \"Wilson's disease\", 'None']","output":"None"} +{"instruction":"IPPV is useful in: March 2009","input":"Choices: ['Hemopneumothorax', 'Pneumothorax', 'Flail chest', 'Hemothorax']","output":"Flail chest"} +{"instruction":"A 42-year-old man has had a constant bad taste in his mouth for the past month. On physical examination there are white fluffy patches on the sides of his tongue. These cannot be scraped off. A biopsy is taken and on microscopic examination shows squamous epithelial hyperkeratosis, parakeratosis, and koilocytosis. Immunohistochemical staining for Epstein- Barr virus (EBV) is positive. Which of the following is the most likely risk factor for his oral lesions?","input":"Choices: ['Chronic alcohol abuse', 'Diabetes mellitus', 'HIV infection', 'Pernicious anemia']","output":"HIV infection"} +{"instruction":"A 19 year old female patient with the chief complaint of crooked teeth, wants to undergo orthodontic treatment without undergoing extractions. On examination, mild lower incisor crowding was noted. Which of the following model analysis must be done before deciding a treatment plan for this patient?","input":"Choices: ['Linder Harth analysis', 'Pont’s index', 'Korkhaus analysis', 'Peck and Peck index']","output":"Peck and Peck index"} +{"instruction":"In polyarteritis nodosa, aneurysms are seen in all,EXCEPT -","input":"Choices: ['Kidney', 'Lung', 'Liver', 'Pancreas']","output":"Lung"} +{"instruction":"A 21-year-old woman comes to the emergency depament with complaints of 'constricting pain in chest' and difficulty in breathing. The patient is sure that 'she is having a hea attack' . She has three similar episodes in the past one month. The past medical history is unremarkable, there is family history of myocardial infarction in father who died of it at the age of 47. The ECG shows sinus tachycardia, the cardiac enzymes and urine drug screen came out to be normal. What is the next best step in the management of this patient?","input":"Choices: ['Reassurance', 'Alprazolam', 'Escitalopram', 'Cognitive behavioural therapy']","output":"Alprazolam"} +{"instruction":"Proximal urethra contains which epithelium","input":"Choices: ['Cuboidal Epithelium', 'Columnar Epithelium', 'Stratified Epithelium', 'Transitional Epithelium']","output":"Transitional Epithelium"} +{"instruction":"Treatment of CMV retinitis in AIDS patient is -","input":"Choices: ['Amantadine', 'Fludrabine', 'Oseltamivir', 'Valganciclovir']","output":"Valganciclovir"} +{"instruction":"Which vaccine is given by subcutaneous route -","input":"Choices: ['BCG', 'Measles', 'Rabies', 'DPT']","output":"Measles"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following brain tumors does not spread via CSF -","input":"Choices: ['Germ cell tumors', 'Medulloblastoma', 'CNS lymphoma', 'Craniopharyngoma']","output":"Craniopharyngoma"} +{"instruction":"Hypercalcemia is NOT seen in -","input":"Choices: ['Primary hyperparathyroidism', 'Tumour lysis syndrome', 'Multiple sclerosis', 'Sarcoidosis']","output":"Tumour lysis syndrome"} +{"instruction":"Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, neutrophil count-","input":"Choices: ['> 250 cells \/cumm', '> 100 cells \/cumm', '> 200 cells \/cumm', '< 100 cells \/cumm']","output":"> 250 cells \/cumm"} +{"instruction":"Most common cause of Vaccine failure is:","input":"Choices: ['Improper storage', 'Improper administration', 'Inappropriate manufacturing', 'Maternally derived antibodies']","output":"Maternally derived antibodies"} +{"instruction":"Enucleation of palatal tumor results in","input":"Choices: ['Excessive bleeding from nasopalatine vessels', 'Tearing of nasal mucosa', 'Damage to nasopalatine nerve', 'Alteration of speech']","output":"Tearing of nasal mucosa"} +{"instruction":"upper 1\/3rd of oesophagus is supplied by ?","input":"Choices: ['superior pharyngeal aery', 'inferior thyroid aery', 'thorasic aoa', 'inferior phrenic aery']","output":"inferior thyroid aery"} +{"instruction":"A 67-year-old man is evaluated for persistent shooting pains, lower limb ataxia, and bladder dysfunction. Physical examination demonstrates small irregular pupils that constrict with accommodation but not in response to light. A VDRL test is positive. A CT scan of the spinal cord would most likely demonstrate atrophy of which of the following structures?","input":"Choices: ['Dorsal column', 'Dorsal horn', 'Lateral column', 'Ventral column']","output":"Dorsal column"} +{"instruction":"Common to both glycolysis and pentose phosphate pathway is:","input":"Choices: ['Glucose 6 phosphate', 'NAD', 'ATP', 'All of the above']","output":"Glucose 6 phosphate"} +{"instruction":"Coombs positive hemolytic anemia is associated with","input":"Choices: ['TTP', 'PAN', 'SLE', 'HUS']","output":"SLE"} +{"instruction":"Most common pattern of Joint involvement in psoriatic arthropathy","input":"Choices: ['Psoriatic spondylitis', 'Arthritis mutilans', 'Symmetrical polyarthritis', 'Asymmetrical inflammatory oligoarthritis']","output":"Asymmetrical inflammatory oligoarthritis"} +{"instruction":"Functional cast bracing not used in fracture of","input":"Choices: ['Humerus', 'Tibia', 'Ulna', 'Thoracolumbar spine']","output":"Thoracolumbar spine"} +{"instruction":"A 36 years old female patient attends the OG department and complains of dark spots in face over the past few years. She initially noticed it after her first child birth, five years earlier. The lesions become worse in the second pregnancy, two years back. She does not have any other medical problems. She was not on any drugs except for oral contraceptive pills. She does not appear to be stressed. Blood pressure- 120\/76 mmHg, Pulse rate- 84\/min, temperature- 37.6 C, Respiratory rate-16\/ min. On her forehead, cheeks and chin, multiple, discrete confluent well demarcated patches of brown hypopigmentation are seen. Complete blood count ant thyroid profile tests are normal. The most appropriate advice is -","input":"Choices: ['Use of oral contraceptive pills not likely to influence it', 'It is a sign of underlying endocrine disease', 'Melasma may or may not return with each subsequent pregnancy', 'Persists for life time.']","output":"Melasma may or may not return with each subsequent pregnancy"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is true regrading spinal cord and neuraxial blockade","input":"Choices: ['Spinal cord ends at S1 in adults', 'Spinal anaesthesia is given below L3 level in children', 'Dural sac extends upto S2 in children', 'Spinal cord ends at lower border of L1 in children']","output":"Spinal anaesthesia is given below L3 level in children"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is the mechanism of action of tetanospasmin ?","input":"Choices: ['Inhibition of release of GABA and glycine', 'Inhibition of Ach release from synapse', 'Inhibition of protein synthesis', 'Activation of adenylyl cyclase']","output":"Inhibition of release of GABA and glycine"} +{"instruction":"Extra Mammary Paget's disease is associated with which other cancer:","input":"Choices: ['Vulva', 'Vagina', 'Cervix', 'Uterus']","output":"Vulva"} +{"instruction":"As per CEAP classification healed venous ulcer is","input":"Choices: ['C2', 'C3', 'C4', 'C5']","output":"C5"} +{"instruction":"What is the drug of choice to control supraventricular tachycardia -","input":"Choices: ['Adenosine', 'Propranolol', 'Verapamil', 'Digoxin']","output":"Adenosine"} +{"instruction":"Most common supratentorial tumor in children","input":"Choices: ['Craniopharyngioma', 'Meningioma', 'Astrocytoma', 'Oligodendroglioma']","output":"Craniopharyngioma"} +{"instruction":"Koch's postulate is not fulfilled by ?","input":"Choices: ['M. tuberculosis', 'Gonococci', 'Staph aureus', 'Bacillus Anthracis']","output":"Gonococci"} +{"instruction":"In collapsing glomerulopathy which of the following is seen -","input":"Choices: ['Hyperophy and necrosis of the visceral epithelium', 'Proliferation of the parietal epithelium', 'Tuft necrosis', 'Mesangiolysis']","output":"Hyperophy and necrosis of the visceral epithelium"} +{"instruction":"At which of the following levels the predominant regulation of gene expression of both prokaryotes and eukaryotes take place?","input":"Choices: ['DNA replication', 'Transcription', 'Translation', 'Post-translational']","output":"Transcription"} +{"instruction":"Outliers have the most marked effect on which of the following?","input":"Choices: ['Mean', 'Mode', 'Median', 'Range']","output":"Mean"} +{"instruction":"Typhoid in first week of illness is best diagnosed by:-","input":"Choices: ['Serum widal test', 'Stool culture', 'Urine test', 'Blood culture']","output":"Blood culture"} +{"instruction":"\"Rugger Jersey Spine\" is seen in:","input":"Choices: ['Fluorosis', 'Archondoplasia', 'Renal osteodystrophy', 'Marfan s syndrome']","output":"Renal osteodystrophy"} +{"instruction":"Richest source of Vitamin-A -","input":"Choices: ['Halibut liver oil', 'Carrot', 'Butter', 'Margarine']","output":"Halibut liver oil"} +{"instruction":"Westermark's sign, Hampton's hump, Palla's sign are all features of which condition on chest X-ray","input":"Choices: ['Tubercular pleural effusion', 'Pulmonary Embolism', 'Acute Pulmonary adema', 'Left ventricular failure']","output":"Pulmonary Embolism"} +{"instruction":"A 64-year-old woman complains of intermittent abdominal discomfo in the right iliac fossa along with loss of appetite and significant weight loss over 6 months. She was managed conservatively. She presented 2 days later with a cramping abdominal pain at the same location along with diarrhoea. During these episodes her husband has commented that she looked red in the face. CECT abdomen was done. Which of the following tumour markers can be seen raised in the above condition: -","input":"Choices: ['Synaptophysin', 'AFP', 'HCG', 'CEA']","output":"Synaptophysin"} +{"instruction":"Gene of Wilsons disease is:","input":"Choices: ['ATP 7A', 'ATP 7B', 'ADP 7A', 'ADP 7B']","output":"ATP 7B"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is true regarding medium chain fatty acids -","input":"Choices: ['Do not require pancreatic lipase', 'Not deposited in adipose tissue', 'Diffuse directly into portal circulation', 'All of the above']","output":"All of the above"} +{"instruction":"A 10 year old child develops hematuria after 2 days of diarrhoea. lood film shows fragmented RBCs & thrombocytopenia. Ultasound shows marked enlargement of both kidneys. The Ilkley diagnosis is -","input":"Choices: ['Acute pyelonephritis', 'Disseminated intravascular coagulopathy', 'Haemolytic uremic syndrome', 'Renal vein thrombosis']","output":"Haemolytic uremic syndrome"} +{"instruction":"Brain death is said to occur if there is: March 2008","input":"Choices: ['Absent spinal reflexes', 'Coical death following widespread brain injury', 'Absence of brainstem reflexes', 'Core temperature of the body is below 35 degree C']","output":"Absence of brainstem reflexes"} +{"instruction":"The normal urethro vesical angle in female is (in degree) :","input":"Choices: ['90', '100', '120', '130']","output":"100"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is not true regarding competitive inhibition?","input":"Choices: ['Km increases', 'Inhibitor is structural analog of substrate', 'Statins are competitive inhibitors of HMG CoA Reductase', 'Excess substrate do not abolish the inhibition']","output":"Excess substrate do not abolish the inhibition"} +{"instruction":"Which one of the following electrolyte abnormality will be present in a patient who has suffered burns over 56% of his body?","input":"Choices: ['Hyperkalemic alkalosis', 'Hyperkalemic acidosis', 'Hypokalemic acidosis', 'Hypokalemic alkalosis']","output":"Hyperkalemic acidosis"} +{"instruction":"A pregnant female presents with pain in abdomen on examination, tenderness is found in right lumbar region. TLC is 12000\/cmm. and urine examination is normal.For diagnosis further test done is -->","input":"Choices: ['Chest Xray with abdominal shield', 'ultrasound abdomin', 'Non contrast CT abdomin', 'Laproscopy']","output":"ultrasound abdomin"} +{"instruction":"Initial maneuver done in congenital dacryocystitis:","input":"Choices: ['Probing', 'Massaging', 'Ointments', 'Observation']","output":"Massaging"} +{"instruction":"Fatty acid synthase complex contain the following enzymes except:","input":"Choices: ['Enoyl reductase', 'Ketoacyl reductase', 'Acetyl: CoA carboxylase', 'Dehydratase']","output":"Acetyl: CoA carboxylase"} +{"instruction":"Central artery of Retina is branch of -","input":"Choices: ['External carotid artery', 'Internal carotid artery', 'Ophthalmic artery', 'Basilar artery']","output":"Ophthalmic artery"} +{"instruction":"Increased preload is seen in all of the following except: September 2011","input":"Choices: ['Sympathetic stimulation', 'Rest', 'Aeriovenous fistula', 'Over transfusion of blood']","output":"Rest"} +{"instruction":"High - resolution CT of the lung is a specialized CT technique for greater detail of lung parenchyma and it utilizes -","input":"Choices: ['Special lung filters', 'Thick collimation', 'Bone algorithm for image reconstruction', 'Large field of view']","output":"Bone algorithm for image reconstruction"} +{"instruction":"Harlequin skin change is seen due to mutation of which gene?","input":"Choices: ['ABC A 12', 'FAD', 'Keratin 1', 'ALOXE 3']","output":"ABC A 12"} +{"instruction":"Transmission of microfilaria in mosquito is -","input":"Choices: ['Cyclo-developmental', 'Cyclo-propagative', 'Propagative', 'Cyclical']","output":"Cyclo-developmental"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following 5HT3 receptor blockers has highest receptor affinity","input":"Choices: ['Ondansetron', 'Granisetron', 'Dolasetron', 'Palonosetron']","output":"Palonosetron"} +{"instruction":"With DMPA, the next injection may be taken latest by:","input":"Choices: ['12 weeks', '13 weeks', '15 weeks', '17 weeks']","output":"17 weeks"} +{"instruction":"In diabetic foot, which amputation is contraindicated:","input":"Choices: ['Ray amputation', 'Forefoot amputation', \"Syme's amputation\", 'Below knee amputation']","output":"Syme's amputation"} +{"instruction":"Features of periostitis on X-ray hip of a child suggests","input":"Choices: ['Syphilis', 'Rubella', 'Toxoplasma', 'CMV']","output":"Syphilis"} +{"instruction":"Most common site of metastasis in choriocarcinoma","input":"Choices: ['Liver', 'Lung', 'Kidney', 'Spleen']","output":"Lung"} +{"instruction":"The cataract which liquefies at an advanced stage causing lens material to liquefy and settle at the bottom is called:","input":"Choices: ['Intumescent cataract', 'Coralliform cataract', 'Morgagnian cataract', 'Cupuliform cataract']","output":"Morgagnian cataract"} +{"instruction":"Periapical granuloma is mainly composed of:","input":"Choices: ['Macrophages', 'Lymphocytes', 'Plasma cells', 'All of the above']","output":"All of the above"} +{"instruction":"shifting fluid sign is seen in ?","input":"Choices: ['Exudative Retinal detachment', 'Traumatic Retinal detachment', 'Rhegmatogensus Retinal detachment', 'Retinal dialysis']","output":"Exudative Retinal detachment"} +{"instruction":"Trotter's triad includes all of the following Except -","input":"Choices: ['Mandibular neuralgia', 'Deafness', 'Palatal palsy', 'Seizures']","output":"Seizures"} +{"instruction":"Juice rich in water\/electrolytes, poor in enzymes is secreted from the organ by?","input":"Choices: ['Secretin', 'CCK', 'Gastrin', 'Somatostatin']","output":"Secretin"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is used for management of this 65 year-old patient with respiratory distress. Bedside Echo shows an Ejection fraction of 45%.","input":"Choices: ['Lasix, Nitrates and Sacubitril- Valsaan', 'Lasix, Norepinephrine and Sacubitril- Valsaan', 'Lasix, Nitrates and morphine', 'Lasix, ACEI and digoxin']","output":"Lasix, Nitrates and morphine"} +{"instruction":"39.Which one of the following organisms is not associatied with synergistic gangrene:","input":"Choices: ['Esherichia', 'Staphylococcus', 'Clostridium', 'Peptostreptococcus']","output":"Clostridium"} +{"instruction":"Berkesonian bias is a selection bias which occurs in-","input":"Choices: ['Community - based studies', 'Hospital - based sudies', 'Laboratory - based studies', 'Natural exposure studies']","output":"Hospital - based sudies"} +{"instruction":"What disappears first in post moem rigidity?","input":"Choices: ['Eyelids', 'Neck', 'Lower limbs', 'Upper limbs']","output":"Eyelids"} +{"instruction":"Which structure's infarction can give rise to left hypesthesia, left homonymous hemianopia,left facial weakness, tongue detion to the left side, and plantar extensor on the left side?","input":"Choices: ['Left internal capsule', 'Left pulvinar', 'MGB', 'Right internal capsule']","output":"Right internal capsule"} +{"instruction":"Diagnostic Criteria of JRA","input":"Choices: ['Disease persisting 6 weeks or longer', 'Onset before age 16 years', 'Ahritis involving >5 joints', 'Polyaicular JRA ANA is +ve']","output":"Disease persisting 6 weeks or longer"} +{"instruction":"Triple helix is found in -","input":"Choices: ['Cystine', 'Collagen', 'Pectin', 'DNA']","output":"Collagen"} +{"instruction":"For the determination of Threshold for diagnosis, which among these test is the best?","input":"Choices: ['ROC curve', 'Analysis of variants', 'Pre-test probability', 'Person Co-efficient']","output":"ROC curve"} +{"instruction":"How to differentiate between psychological and organic erectile dysfunction ?","input":"Choices: ['Nocturnal penile tumescence', 'PIPE therapy', 'Sildenafil induced erection', 'Squeeze technique']","output":"Nocturnal penile tumescence"} +{"instruction":"A 40 year old female presents with fever, faigue, diffuse painful swelling in the midline of the neck, FNAC of the same reveals epithelioid cells and giant cells, the likely diagnosis is","input":"Choices: ['Acute thyroiditis', 'Subactue thyroiditis', 'Tubercular lymphadenitis', 'Hashimotos thyroiditis']","output":"Subactue thyroiditis"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is not a feature of dequervan's disease?","input":"Choices: ['Autoimmune etiology', 'Elevated levels of ESR', 'Spontaneous regression', 'Painful enlargement of thyroid']","output":"Autoimmune etiology"} +{"instruction":"Pulmonary fibrosis is a side effect of","input":"Choices: ['Methotrexate', 'Vincristine', 'Bleomycin', 'Cyclophosphamide']","output":"Bleomycin"} +{"instruction":"All of the following are used in a PCR reaction, EXCEPT","input":"Choices: ['Buffer', 'ddNTPs', 'Oligonucleotide Primer pair', 'Template DNA']","output":"ddNTPs"} +{"instruction":"The thinnest epithelium of oral cavity is found in the:","input":"Choices: ['Buccal gingiva', 'Lingual gingiva', 'Oral surface of lip', 'Sublingual mucosa (floor of mouth)']","output":"Sublingual mucosa (floor of mouth)"} +{"instruction":"Equitable\tdistribution,\tcommunity\tparticipation,\nintersectional coordination and appropriate technology are the principles of","input":"Choices: ['Primary health care', 'Social science', 'Primary prevention', 'Epidemiology']","output":"Primary health care"} +{"instruction":"Increased anion gap acidosis is seen in -a) DKAb) RTA c) ARFd) Organic aciduriae) Diarrhoea","input":"Choices: ['acd', 'bde', 'cde', 'ade']","output":"acd"} +{"instruction":"A 69-year-old man with a history of recurrent pancreatitis treated with corticosteroids now has increasing fatigue for 2 years. He does not drink alcohol and has no evidence of gallbladder disease. On examination, there are no abnormalities. Laboratory studies show his serum creatinine is 5 mg\/dL and urea nitrogen is 48 mg\/ dL. His serum IgG4 is elevated. Ultrasound imaging shows bilateral hydronephrosis. What is abdominal CT imaging most likely to show in this man?","input":"Choices: ['Nephrolithiasis', 'Polypoid cystitis', 'Retroperitoneal fibrosis', 'Renal cell carcinoma']","output":"Retroperitoneal fibrosis"} +{"instruction":"Organophosphate insecticides are all except:","input":"Choices: ['Dieldrin', 'Fenthion', 'Diazinon', 'Chlorpyrifos']","output":"Dieldrin"} +{"instruction":"All the following statements regarding Adenosine are true EXCEPT -","input":"Choices: ['Dipyridamole potentiates its action', 'Used to produce controlled Hypotension', 'Administered by slow I.V injection', 'Administered by rapid I.V injection']","output":"Administered by slow I.V injection"} +{"instruction":"Magenta tongue is found in","input":"Choices: ['Riboflavin deficiency', 'Scarlet fever', 'Familial dysautonomia', 'Median rhomboid glossitis']","output":"Riboflavin deficiency"} +{"instruction":"The only abductor of vocal cord is","input":"Choices: ['Posterior cricoarytenoid', 'Lateral cricoarytenoid', 'Interarytenoid', 'Cricothyroid']","output":"Posterior cricoarytenoid"} +{"instruction":"In Bonwill's equilateral triangle the apex of triangle is located at","input":"Choices: ['The anterior part of incisive papilla', 'At the prominent part of chin upper central', 'At the anteriormost part of incisor', 'At the anteriormost part of lower central incisor']","output":"At the anteriormost part of lower central incisor"} +{"instruction":"Most common cardiovascular abnormality in Down syndrome","input":"Choices: ['Endocardial cushion defects', 'VSD', 'PDA', 'Pulmonary hypertension']","output":"Endocardial cushion defects"} +{"instruction":"Rokitanski-Kuster Hauser syndrome is associated with:","input":"Choices: ['Ovarian agenesis', 'Absent fallopian tube', 'Vaginal atresia', 'Bicornuate uterus']","output":"Vaginal atresia"} +{"instruction":"The indication for amnioinfusion is","input":"Choices: ['Fetal distress', 'Suspected Renal anomalies', 'To facilitate labour', 'Oligohydramnios']","output":"Oligohydramnios"} +{"instruction":"Behaviour therapy to change maladaptive behaviours using response as reinforcer uses the principles of which type of learning?","input":"Choices: ['Modeling', 'Social learning', 'Classical conditioning', 'Operant conditioning']","output":"Operant conditioning"} +{"instruction":"35 years old woman with H\/O recurrent PID presents in emergency with sudden onset of abdominal pain with fever. She had her regular period 5 days back. Physical examination reveals abdominal tenderness with guarding and rigidity. Per speculum finding shows diy vaginal discharge. Per vaginal examination shows adnexal tenderness. Lab investigation shows increased TLC & increased ESR, Most probable diagnosis is -","input":"Choices: ['Ruptured ectopic', 'Ruptured tubo ovarian mass', 'Diveiculitis', 'Appendicitis']","output":"Ruptured tubo ovarian mass"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following change occur secondary to hypercarbia?","input":"Choices: ['Miosis', 'Cool extremities', 'Bradycardia', 'Hypeension']","output":"Hypeension"} +{"instruction":"Mc Callum's patch is diagnostic of -","input":"Choices: ['Infective endocarditis', 'Rheumatic endocarditis', 'Myocardial infarction', 'Tetralogy of Fallot (ToF)']","output":"Rheumatic endocarditis"} +{"instruction":"All of the following are post-translational effects of histone except","input":"Choices: ['Acylation', 'Methylation', 'Phosphorylation', 'Glycosylation']","output":"Glycosylation"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is the treatment of choice for atticoantral variety of chronic suppurative otitis media?","input":"Choices: ['Mastoidectomy', 'Medical management', 'Underlay myringoplasty', 'Inseion of ventilation lube']","output":"Mastoidectomy"} +{"instruction":"1st evidence of calcification of Upper 3rd molar is seen in","input":"Choices: ['at birth', '7-8 year', '10 year after birth', '12 years after birth']","output":"7-8 year"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is TRUE about branchial cyst?","input":"Choices: ['Usually seen along the posterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle', 'Mostly arises from 2nd branchial system', 'Always present in preschool children', 'Conservatory treatment is indicated']","output":"Mostly arises from 2nd branchial system"} +{"instruction":"Modified Allen's test is for checking the proper arterial supply at the:","input":"Choices: ['Wrist', 'Arm', 'Elbow', 'Forearm']","output":"Wrist"} +{"instruction":"All of the following statements about Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver disease are true, except:","input":"Choices: ['Common in Diabetics', 'Clofibrate provides effective treatment', 'Commonest cause of cryptogenic cirihosis', 'Associated with elevated transminases']","output":"Clofibrate provides effective treatment"} +{"instruction":"Telecanthus is:","input":"Choices: ['Narrow medial epicanthus', 'Widely separated medial orbital wall', 'Lateral epicanthal fold thickened', 'Increases in intercanthal distance with normal interpupillary distance']","output":"Increases in intercanthal distance with normal interpupillary distance"} +{"instruction":"The tensile strength of wound after laparoscopic cholecystectomy in a 30 years old woman depends upon:","input":"Choices: ['Replacement of type 3 collagen', 'Macrophage aetivity\/snvasion', 'Extensive crosslinking of tropocollagen', 'Granulation tissue']","output":"Extensive crosslinking of tropocollagen"} +{"instruction":"false regarding preservatives used in university of visconsin solution during organ transplantation a- lactobionate = minimize cel swelling and reperfusion b- glutathionate = free radical scavenger c- allopurinol- antioxidant d- adenosine - precursor of energy metabolism e- raffinose & hydroxy ethy starch - prevention of the extra cellular space expansion","input":"Choices: ['a,b,c', 'b,c', 'c,d,e', 'a,c,e']","output":"b,c"} +{"instruction":"Safety pin appearance is seen in ?","input":"Choices: ['Vibrio vulnificus', 'Vibrio parahemolyticus', 'Pseudomonas aeuroginosa', 'H. influenzae']","output":"Vibrio parahemolyticus"} +{"instruction":"Culture media used for diagnosis of EHEC O157:H7 is-","input":"Choices: ['O culture', 'Sorbitol MacConkey media', 'XLD agar', 'Deoxycholate media']","output":"Sorbitol MacConkey media"} +{"instruction":"A patient of rheumatic heart disease with mitral stenosis and atrial fibrillation is on oral warfarin. On one OPD visit, his INR is found to be 6. What is the action to be taken?","input":"Choices: ['Stop warfarin, and review', 'Stop wairfarin, and administer fresh frozen plasma', 'Stop warfarin, and administer intramuscular vitamin K', 'Stop warfarin, and administer intramuscular vitamin K']","output":"Stop warfarin, and review"} +{"instruction":"In hypovolemic shock all happen EXCEPT: September 2012","input":"Choices: ['Constriction of capacitance vessels', 'Constriction of aerioles in the skin', 'Decrease in cardiac output', 'Hea rate decreases']","output":"Hea rate decreases"} +{"instruction":"Secretory diarrhoea is found in-","input":"Choices: ['Thyrotoxicosis', 'Shigella infection', 'Lactase deficiency', 'Glucose intake']","output":"Shigella infection"} +{"instruction":"0steomas, adenomatous polyps of intestine & periampullary carcinomas are seen in","input":"Choices: ['Cowden syndrome', 'Peutz Jegers syndrome', 'FAP', 'Gardener syndrome']","output":"Gardener syndrome"} +{"instruction":"A homonymous upper quadrantic field defect is typical of lesion in","input":"Choices: ['Parietal lobe', 'Temporal lobe', 'Occipital lobe', 'Optic chiasma']","output":"Temporal lobe"} +{"instruction":"Underwater autopsy of the heart is done in?","input":"Choices: ['Air embolism', 'Myocardial Infarction', 'Pulmonary thromboembolism', 'CVA']","output":"Air embolism"} +{"instruction":"Level of lower border of lung at mid axillary line is","input":"Choices: ['6th rib', '8th rib', '10th rib', '12th rib']","output":"8th rib"} +{"instruction":"Aconite poisoning is characterized by all except","input":"Choices: ['Burning of lips', 'Tingling of lips', 'Hypertension', 'Abdominal pain']","output":"Hypertension"} +{"instruction":"All are used for management of hyperkalemia except?","input":"Choices: ['Calcium gluconate', 'Insulin plus dextrose', 'Beta 2 antagonist', 'Dialysis']","output":"Beta 2 antagonist"} +{"instruction":"AItoxicity-","input":"Choices: ['Dementia', 'Bone disease', 'Cardiomyopathy', 'Anemia']","output":"Dementia"} +{"instruction":"Agonal period is the duration between","input":"Choices: ['Death and postmoem examination', 'Lethal trauma upto death', 'Traumatic event and staing of the operation', 'Traumatic event and information given to the relatives']","output":"Lethal trauma upto death"} +{"instruction":"Drug of choice for cutaneous larva migrans is ?","input":"Choices: ['Mebendazole', 'Niridazole', 'Hetrazan', 'Thiabendazole']","output":"Thiabendazole"} +{"instruction":"International certificate for travelling is required for -","input":"Choices: ['Pertusis', 'Yellow fever', 'Cholera', 'Plague']","output":"Yellow fever"} +{"instruction":"A 25-year-old G1P0 woman delivers a 4000 g infant, and encounters a shoulder dystocia. Which of the following is a risk factor for this condition","input":"Choices: ['Fetal hydrocephalus', 'Fetal prematurity', 'Precipitous (fast) labor', 'Maternal gestational diabetes']","output":"Maternal gestational diabetes"} +{"instruction":"An adult presents with oval scaly hypopigmented macules over chest and back. The diagnosis is:","input":"Choices: ['Leprosy', 'Lupus vulgaris', 'Pityriasis versicolor', 'Lichen Planus']","output":"Pityriasis versicolor"} +{"instruction":"Turner's syndrome is maximally associated with:","input":"Choices: ['Horseshoe kidney', 'Coarctation of aoa', 'VSD', 'ASD']","output":"Coarctation of aoa"} +{"instruction":"Half Life of digoxin is","input":"Choices: ['24hrs', '40hrs', '48hrs', '60hrs']","output":"40hrs"} +{"instruction":"Takayam test is used for ?","input":"Choices: ['To know the nature of stain', 'To know the species', 'For blood grouping', 'None of the above']","output":"To know the nature of stain"} +{"instruction":"A 23-year-old woman presents with arm weakness, decreasing vision in her right eye, and difficulty with her balance. An MRI of the brain reveals multiple demyelinating lesions.For the above patient with neurologic symptoms, select the most likely structural pathology.","input":"Choices: ['aqueductal stenosis', 'infectious process', 'enlarged foramina of Luschka', 'agenesis of the corpus callosum']","output":"infectious process"} +{"instruction":"Froments sign is seen in","input":"Choices: ['Ulnar nerve palsy', 'Median nerve palsy', 'Anterior interosseous nerve palsy', 'Radial nerve palsy']","output":"Ulnar nerve palsy"} +{"instruction":"Not true regarding Giant Cell Tumor","input":"Choices: ['Benign bone tumor', 'Usually solitary', 'Spine involvement is common', 'Age group affected in usually between 20-40 years']","output":"Spine involvement is common"} +{"instruction":"Unilateral chronic conjunctivitis may be associated with","input":"Choices: ['Habit of smoking', 'Use of uniocular microscope', 'Foreign body retained is the fornix', 'Unilateral aphakia']","output":"Foreign body retained is the fornix"} +{"instruction":"'I' cells disease is due to defect in:-","input":"Choices: ['Peroxisome', 'Mitochondria', 'Lysosome', 'Golgi apparatus']","output":"Golgi apparatus"} +{"instruction":"The development of resistance to conventional treatment has led WHO to recommend the use of combination therapies containing artemisinin derivative (artemisinin-based combination therapies also known as ACTs). All of the following combination therapies are recommended if such resistance is suspected, except","input":"Choices: ['Artemether plus lumefantrine', 'Artesunate plus quinine', 'Artesunate plus pyrimethamine-sulfadoxine', 'Artesunate plus mefloquine']","output":"Artesunate plus quinine"} +{"instruction":"True about starting ART in pregnancy is -","input":"Choices: ['Started only when CD4< 200\/ul', 'Is beneficial only for health of mother', 'Nevirapine is given to neonate within 72 hours of birth', 'Zidovudine is preferred over nevirapine']","output":"Nevirapine is given to neonate within 72 hours of birth"} +{"instruction":"In acute inflammation, excessive fluid seepage occurs due to increased permeability of?","input":"Choices: ['Venules', 'Capillaries', 'Arterioles', 'Arterioles and capillaries']","output":"Venules"} +{"instruction":"Non-erosive ahritis is seen in:","input":"Choices: ['Systemic lupus erythematosus', 'Ankylosing spondylitis', 'Rheumatic fever', 'Juvenile Idiopathic Ahritis']","output":"Systemic lupus erythematosus"} +{"instruction":"Opening of the aoic valve takes place during which of the following phase of the cardiac cycle?","input":"Choices: ['Beginning of isovolumetric contraction', 'End of isovolumetric contraction', 'During protodiastole', 'At the end of diastasis']","output":"End of isovolumetric contraction"} +{"instruction":"Substance involved in countercurrent mechanism for maintaining medullary gradient -","input":"Choices: ['NaCl', 'Urea', 'NaCl, urea', 'NaCl, urea, water']","output":"NaCl, urea, water"} +{"instruction":"Collagen fibrils have a transverse striation with a characteristic periodicity of","input":"Choices: ['64 cm', '64 nm', '640 μm', '640 nm']","output":"64 nm"} +{"instruction":"Ureter develops from?","input":"Choices: ['Mesonephric tubules', 'Mesonephric duct', 'Urogenital sinus', 'Paramesonephric duct']","output":"Mesonephric duct"} +{"instruction":"Crescents are derived from:","input":"Choices: ['Epithelial cells + fibrin + macrophage', 'Mesangium + fibrin + macrophage', 'Tubule + mesangium + fibrin', 'Mesangium + fibrin']","output":"Epithelial cells + fibrin + macrophage"} +{"instruction":"Earliest phenotypic manifestation of Idiopathic hereditary hemochromatosis is :","input":"Choices: ['Post prandial increase in serum iron concentration', 'Elevated serum ferritin level', 'Slate grey pigmentation of skin', 'Increased transferrin saturation']","output":"Increased transferrin saturation"} +{"instruction":"A drug that binds to a receptor at a site distinct from the active site and alters the affinity of the receptor for the endogenous ligand is a:-","input":"Choices: ['Competitive antagonist', 'Inverse against', 'Paial agonist', 'Allosteric modulator']","output":"Allosteric modulator"} +{"instruction":"\"Warty\" or \"Cauliflower\" like growth is","input":"Choices: ['Papilloma', 'fibroma', 'Lipoma', 'Torus']","output":"Papilloma"} +{"instruction":"All the following drugs are used in hepatic encephalopathy, except -a) Mannitolb) Metronidazolec) Lactulosed) Phenobarbitone","input":"Choices: ['b', 'c', 'ad', 'ab']","output":"ad"} +{"instruction":"All except one is true about Hot flushes","input":"Choices: ['Affects only upper trunk and head and neck', 'Starts to occur a year before menopause', 'occurs upto one year after menopause', 'Possible role of serotonin is implicated']","output":"occurs upto one year after menopause"} +{"instruction":"During an operation for carcinoma of the hepatic flexure of the colon, an unexpected discontinuous 3-cm metastasis is discovered in the edge of the right lobe of liver. The surgeon should","input":"Choices: ['Terminate the operation, screen the patient for evidence of other metastases, and plan further therapy after the reevaluation', 'Perform a right hemicolectomy and right hepatic lobectomy', 'Perform a right hemicolectomy and a wedge resection of metastasis', 'Perform a cecostomy and schedule reoperation after a course of systemic chemotherapy']","output":"Perform a right hemicolectomy and a wedge resection of metastasis"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following statements about Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis is not true -","input":"Choices: ['Foam cells are seen', 'Associated with tuberculosis', 'Yellow nodules are seen', 'Giant cells may be seen']","output":"Associated with tuberculosis"} +{"instruction":"Tick is involved in the transmission of all the following except","input":"Choices: ['Tick typhus', 'Tularaemia', 'Lymes disease', 'Q fever']","output":"Q fever"} +{"instruction":"A 14 year old healthy girl of normal height and weight for age, complains that her right breast has developed twice the size of her left breast since the onset of pubey at the age of 12. Both breasts have a similar consistency on palpation with normal nipples areolae. The most likely cause for these findings is ?","input":"Choices: ['Cystosarcoma phyllodes', 'Virginal hyperophy', 'Fibrocystic disease', 'Early state of carcinoma']","output":"Virginal hyperophy"} +{"instruction":"A 55 year old man had abdominal cramps and diarrhea since the past month. he has a history of similar episodes since the past 20 yrs. Each episode lasts about 2 weeks and resolves without treatment. Stool sample was positive for occult blood. laboratory studies did not show any ova or parasites in the stool. colonoscopy was performed and it showed diffuse and uninterrupted mucosal inflammation and superficial ulceration extending from rectum to ascending colon. He is at greatest risk for developing which of the following complications?","input":"Choices: ['Diverticulilitis', 'Perirectal fistula', 'Primary biliary cirrhosis', 'Adenocarcinoma']","output":"Adenocarcinoma"} +{"instruction":"Antipsychotic drug induced Parkinsonism is treated by –","input":"Choices: ['Anticholinergics', 'Levodopa', 'Selegiline', 'Amantadine']","output":"Anticholinergics"} +{"instruction":"All of the following are adverse effects of glucocoicoids except:-","input":"Choices: ['Hypoglycemia', 'Cataract', 'Peptic ulcer', 'Infections']","output":"Hypoglycemia"} +{"instruction":"Inferior angle of scapula lies at what level?","input":"Choices: ['T7', 'T10', 'T4', 'T2']","output":"T7"} +{"instruction":"Repetition of movements, act and words, phrases is:","input":"Choices: ['Fusion', 'Mannerism', 'Perseveration', 'Stereo-typing']","output":"Perseveration"} +{"instruction":"True about immunoglobulins-(","input":"Choices: ['IgE has maximum concentration', 'IgG has maximum concentration', 'IgA has minimum concentration', 'IgM has minimum concentration']","output":"IgG has maximum concentration"} +{"instruction":"All of the following cross plasma membrane except:","input":"Choices: ['Epinephrine', 'Thyroxine', 'Androstenedione', 'Estrogen']","output":"Epinephrine"} +{"instruction":"Treatment of choice in a patient big acute pulmonary embolism with right ventricular hypokinesia and a compromised cardiac output but normal blood pressure is","input":"Choices: ['Thrombolytic agent', 'Low molecular weight heparin', 'IV filters', 'Warfarin']","output":"Thrombolytic agent"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is true statement for pramipexole:","input":"Choices: ['Act on dopamine receptors', 'First line treatment for parkinsonism', 'Not an ergot alkaloid', 'All of the above']","output":"All of the above"} +{"instruction":"One of the following is not capable of replication:","input":"Choices: ['Neuron', 'Liver', 'Kidney', 'None of the above']","output":"Neuron"} +{"instruction":"In case of gout preservation of urine sample is done in-","input":"Choices: ['Normal saline', 'Fonnaline', 'Alcohol', 'Distilled water']","output":"Alcohol"} +{"instruction":"A 70-year-old man was administered penicillin intravenously. Within 5 minutes, he developed generalized uicaria, swelling of lips, hypotension and bronchospasm. The first choice of treatment is to administer -","input":"Choices: ['Chlorpheniramine injection', 'Epinephrine injection', 'High dose hydrocoisone tablet', 'Nebulized salbutamol']","output":"Epinephrine injection"} +{"instruction":"Deep flexors of forearm are supplied by","input":"Choices: ['Median nerve', 'Ulnar nerve', 'Radial nerve', 'Musculocutaneous nerve']","output":"Ulnar nerve"} +{"instruction":"All are causes of amenorrhoea EXCEPT :","input":"Choices: ['Pituitary adenoma', 'Chronic nephritis', 'Tubercular endometritis', 'Adenomyosis']","output":"Adenomyosis"} +{"instruction":"Population covered by Anganwadi in tribal area is","input":"Choices: ['700', '100', '400', '1000']","output":"700"} +{"instruction":"Which is the most common site for peptic ulcer disease ?","input":"Choices: ['Second portion of Duodenum', 'Proximal stomach', 'Distal stomach', 'First portion of duodenum']","output":"First portion of duodenum"} +{"instruction":"Damage to categorical hemisphere usually leads to-","input":"Choices: ['Normal speech', 'Increased speech', 'Decreased speech', 'Senseless, fluent speech']","output":"Senseless, fluent speech"} +{"instruction":"The site of lesion in Korsakoff's psychosis is","input":"Choices: ['Frontal lobe', 'Corpus striatum', 'Mammilary Body', 'Cingulate gyrus']","output":"Mammilary Body"} +{"instruction":"Sign of lymphatic spread in carcinoma stomach is","input":"Choices: [\"Troisier's sign\", \"Krukenberg's tumour\", \"Sister Mary Joseph's nodules\", \"Trousseau's sign\"]","output":"Troisier's sign"} +{"instruction":"Ascaris lumbricoides causes deficiency of:","input":"Choices: ['Iron', 'Vitamin B 12', 'Folic acid', 'Vitamin A']","output":"Vitamin A"} +{"instruction":"Cadaveric spasm involves -","input":"Choices: ['Voluntary muscles', 'Involuntary muscles', 'Both voluntary muscles', 'Smooth muscles']","output":"Voluntary muscles"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following virus is from Herpes virus family?","input":"Choices: ['Rubella', 'Measles', 'Rabies', 'EBV']","output":"EBV"} +{"instruction":"Which among the following is relatively not a method of Identification in living individuals","input":"Choices: ['Spectrogram', 'Calligraphy', 'Gait analysis', 'Superimposition']","output":"Superimposition"} +{"instruction":"Great auricular nerve originates from:","input":"Choices: ['C2,C3', 'C3,C4', 'C4,C5', 'C5,C6']","output":"C2,C3"} +{"instruction":"In Bact. fragilis infection drug of choice is","input":"Choices: ['Azithromycin', 'Gentamicin', 'Clindamycin', 'Aztreonam']","output":"Clindamycin"} +{"instruction":"In STD cases, a patient is asked to name other persons is his socio sexual group, then they are investigated. This is a example of -","input":"Choices: ['Screening', 'Contact tracing', 'Mass screening', 'High risk screening']","output":"Contact tracing"} +{"instruction":"Which subtype of Hodgkin's disease, which is histogentically distinct from all the other subtypes?","input":"Choices: ['Nodular sclerosis', 'Mixed cellularity', 'Lymphocyte depleted', 'Nodular Lymphocyte predominant']","output":"Nodular Lymphocyte predominant"} +{"instruction":"T. trichuria maintains its position in the intestinal tract by","input":"Choices: ['Penetration into tissues', 'Anchorage with its anterior poion', 'Retention in the folds of the mucosa', 'Attachment with its cutting plate']","output":"Anchorage with its anterior poion"} +{"instruction":"All of the following statements regarding calcium are true except:","input":"Choices: ['It serves as a second messenger for the actions of many hormones.', 'Intestinal calcium absorption efficiency is directly to calcium intake.', 'Tubular reabsorption of calcium is regulated by parathyroid hormone.', 'Ionized calcium in the plasma exerts physiological effects.']","output":"Intestinal calcium absorption efficiency is directly to calcium intake."} +{"instruction":"Phalen's test is used in ?","input":"Choices: ['De quervain tenosynovitis', 'Carpal tunnel syndrome', 'Trigger finger', 'Trigger finger']","output":"Carpal tunnel syndrome"} +{"instruction":"HIAA is a metabolite of -","input":"Choices: ['Serotonin', 'Dopamine', 'Epinephrine', 'Histamine']","output":"Serotonin"} +{"instruction":"Gastrocolic reflex is related to","input":"Choices: ['Pendular movement', 'Colonic stasis', 'Mass peristalsis', 'Segmental movement']","output":"Mass peristalsis"} +{"instruction":"X-ray below demonstrates","input":"Choices: ['Small bowel obstruction', 'Sigmoid volvulus', 'Large bowel obstruction', 'Perforation']","output":"Small bowel obstruction"} +{"instruction":"Lucid interval is seen in which of the following?","input":"Choices: ['Subaractnoid hemorrhage', 'Extradural hemorrhage', 'Subdural hemorrhage', 'Seen in all head injury cases']","output":"Extradural hemorrhage"} +{"instruction":"A pregnant woman presents at 22 weeks gestation for a routine prenatal visit. Physical examination demonstrates ankle edema and new onset hypeension. Urinalysis reveals marked proteinuria. Development of which of the following would justify a diagnosis of eclampsia?","input":"Choices: ['Diabetes mellitus', 'Hyperuricemia', 'Seizures', 'Systemic lupus erythematosus']","output":"Seizures"} +{"instruction":"Galeazzi fracture is","input":"Choices: ['Supracondylar fracture of the humerus', 'Fracture of the distal radius with inferior radio ulnar joint dislocation', 'Fracture of radius in the proximal site and dislocation of the elbow', 'Fracture of the radial head']","output":"Fracture of the distal radius with inferior radio ulnar joint dislocation"} +{"instruction":"Hepatic encephalopathy is caused by an increase of -","input":"Choices: ['Urea', 'Glutamate', 'Ammonia', 'Fattyacid']","output":"Ammonia"} +{"instruction":"Patients suffering from multidrug-resistant tuberculosis can be treated with all the following drugs EXCEPT :","input":"Choices: ['Tobramycin', 'Amikacin', 'Ciprofloxacin', 'Clarithromycin']","output":"Tobramycin"} +{"instruction":"Primary hyperaldosteronlsm does not have -","input":"Choices: ['Ankle oedema', 'Polyuria', 'Hypeension', 'Hypokalemia']","output":"Ankle oedema"} +{"instruction":"Cerebral metabolism and 02 consumption are increased by:","input":"Choices: ['Propofol', 'Ketamine', 'Atracurium', 'Fentanyl']","output":"Ketamine"} +{"instruction":"NESTROFT test is used for screening of","input":"Choices: ['Thalassemia', 'Sickle cell anemia', 'PNH', 'PCH']","output":"Thalassemia"} +{"instruction":"Which dental treatment can be carried out in a patient with congenital heart disease?","input":"Choices: ['Pulpotomy', 'Pulpectomy', 'Extraction', 'Any of the above']","output":"Extraction"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following can be blocked by atropine, a muscarinic receptor blocker?","input":"Choices: ['Increased blood pressure caused by nicotine', 'Increased skeletal muscle strength caused by neostigmine, an acetycholine esterase inhibitor', 'Bradycardia caused by infusion of acetylcholine', 'All of these']","output":"Bradycardia caused by infusion of acetylcholine"} +{"instruction":"Megaloblastic anemia caused by: March 2005 March 2013 (b)","input":"Choices: ['Taenia saginata', 'Diphyllobotrum latum', 'Taenia solium', 'Echinococcus granulosus']","output":"Diphyllobotrum latum"} +{"instruction":"who gave he concept of super ego in mind","input":"Choices: ['erikson', 'freud', 'bleuler', 'lorenz']","output":"freud"} +{"instruction":"Characteristic of bacilus cereus food poisoning is -","input":"Choices: ['Presence of fever', 'Presence of Pain in abdomen', 'Absence of vomiting', 'Absence of Diarrhoea']","output":"Presence of Pain in abdomen"} +{"instruction":"Arrhythmias are most common when adrenaline is used with","input":"Choices: ['Halothane', 'Isoflurane', 'Enflurane', 'Sevoflurane']","output":"Halothane"} +{"instruction":"Bruxism is seen in","input":"Choices: ['NREM stage 1, 2', 'NREM stage 3, 4', 'REM', 'Any of the above']","output":"NREM stage 3, 4"} +{"instruction":"A patient with severe ahritis suddenly becomes unable to move his arms or legs. He is admitted to the neurology floor of the hospital, but his quadriplegia does not improve with time. If the quadriplegia is due to his ahritis, which of the following types of ahritis does this patient most likely have?","input":"Choices: ['Ankylosing spondylitis', 'Gouty ahritis', 'Osteoahritis', 'Rheumatoid ahritis']","output":"Rheumatoid ahritis"} +{"instruction":"A lady comes to OPD after fall from scooty. Her vitals are stable. She is having continuous, clear watery discharge from nose after 2 days. These are most likely the feature of.","input":"Choices: ['CSF rhinorrhoea', 'Acute respiratory infection', 'Middle cranial fossa fracture', 'Rhinitis']","output":"CSF rhinorrhoea"} +{"instruction":"Hybrid muscles","input":"Choices: ['These are the muscles having different set of fibers performing the same function', 'E.g. Pectineus & Biceps Femoris', 'Receive nerve supply by different nerves', 'All are true']","output":"All are true"} +{"instruction":"Systemic metastasis is commonest in :","input":"Choices: ['Ovarian Carcinoma', 'Endometrial Carcinoma', 'Choriocarcinoma', 'Carcinoma cervix']","output":"Choriocarcinoma"} +{"instruction":"Conventional cytogenetics are difficult in solid tumors especially in case of carcinoma cervix -a) High mitotic rateb) Bacterial contamination of the specimenc) Good metaphase activityd) Inadequate biopsy specimen","input":"Choices: ['c', 'd', 'bd', 'ac']","output":"bd"} +{"instruction":"Which of these is a new oral drug used in treatment of chronic Hepatitis C?","input":"Choices: ['Interferon alpha', 'Ledipasvir', 'Oseltamivir', 'Lamivudine']","output":"Ledipasvir"} +{"instruction":"Metal needed for function of enolase is:","input":"Choices: ['Magnesisum', 'Calcium', 'Copper', 'Iron']","output":"Magnesisum"} +{"instruction":"A 60-year-old man with rheumatic mitral stenosis and atrial fibrillation is on therapy for a fast ventricular rate. While on treatment he develops a regular pulse of 64 beats\/min. Which of the following is the probable drug that the patient is receiving?","input":"Choices: ['Verapamil', 'Digoxin', 'Carvedilol', 'Propranolol']","output":"Digoxin"} +{"instruction":"Hemosiderin contains","input":"Choices: ['Calcium', 'Magnesium', 'None', 'Iron']","output":"Iron"} +{"instruction":"Beevor's Sign is seen in:","input":"Choices: ['Abdominal muscle', 'Facial muscle', 'Respiratory muscle', 'Hand muscle']","output":"Abdominal muscle"} +{"instruction":"ASHA is not a depot holder of -","input":"Choices: ['ORS', 'IFA', 'Contraceptives', 'OPV']","output":"OPV"} +{"instruction":"Non nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NN1s) include all of the following except","input":"Choices: ['Nevirapine', 'Delavirdine', 'Etravirine', 'Lamivudine']","output":"Lamivudine"} +{"instruction":"Prognosis of a disease can be given by-","input":"Choices: ['Secondary attack rate', 'Incubation period', 'Latency', 'Serial interval']","output":"Incubation period"} +{"instruction":"A 13-year-old male presents with bilateral enlargement of his breasts. Physical exam is otherwise unremarkable, and the breast enlargement is thought to be a normal variation at pubey. Histologic sections of breast tissue would most likely reveal","input":"Choices: ['Proliferation of ducts in hyalinized fibrous tissue with periductal edema', 'Atrophic ductal structures with increased numbers of lipocytes', 'Dilated ducts filled with granular, necrotic, acidophilic debris', 'Granulomatous inflammation surrounding ducts with numerous plasma cells']","output":"Proliferation of ducts in hyalinized fibrous tissue with periductal edema"} +{"instruction":"An aneurysm of the abdominal aoa found at the aoic hiatus of the diaphragm. Which of the following pairs of structures would most likely be compressed?","input":"Choices: ['Vagus nerve and azygos vein', 'Esophagus and vagus nerve', 'Azygos vein and thoracic duct', 'Thoracic duct and vagus nerve']","output":"Azygos vein and thoracic duct"} +{"instruction":"A 4-year-old boy has appeared listless during the past week. He exhibits irritability when his arms or legs are touched. In the past 2 days, large ecchymoses have appeared on the right thigh and left shoulder. CBC shows hemoglobin, 9.3 g\/dL; hematocrit, 28.7%; MCV, 96 mm3; platelet count, 45,000\/mm3; and WBC count, 13,990\/mm3. Examination of the peripheral blood smear shows blasts that lack peroxidase positive granules, but contain PAS-positive aggregates and stain positively for deoxynucleotidyl transferase negative (TdT-). Flow cytometry shows the phenotype of blasts to be CD19+, CD3-, and sIg-. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?","input":"Choices: ['Acute lymphoblastic leukemia', 'Acute myelogenous leukemia', 'Chronic lymphocytic leukemia', 'Chronic myelogenous leukemia']","output":"Acute lymphoblastic leukemia"} +{"instruction":"All are required for balancing EXCEPT:","input":"Choices: ['Visual system', 'Olfactory system', 'Proprioception', 'Vestibule and cochlea']","output":"Olfactory system"} +{"instruction":"In primary T.B. seen -","input":"Choices: [\"Ghon's focus\", 'Pleural effusion', 'Miliary mottling', 'Fibrosis']","output":"Ghon's focus"} +{"instruction":"b blocker\/s which should be avoided in glaucoma is\/are?","input":"Choices: ['Pindolol', 'Carvedilol', 'Labetelol', 'All the above']","output":"All the above"} +{"instruction":"The following is the commonest site for venous ulcer ?","input":"Choices: ['Instep of foot', 'Lower 1\/3 leg and ankle', 'Lower 2\/3 of leg', 'Middle 1\/3 of leg']","output":"Lower 1\/3 leg and ankle"} +{"instruction":"A segment of a eukaryotic gene that is not represented in the mature messenger RNA is known as","input":"Choices: ['Intron', 'Exon', 'Plasmid', 'TATA box']","output":"Intron"} +{"instruction":"The process of programmed gene-directed cell death characterized by cell shrinkage, nuclear condensation and fragmentation is known as","input":"Choices: ['Necrosis', 'Chromatolysis', 'Pyknosis', 'Apoptosis']","output":"Apoptosis"} +{"instruction":"Which is neuromuscular blocker of choice for rapid sequence induction if succinylcholine is contraindicated.","input":"Choices: ['Rocuronium', 'Rapacuronium', 'Vecuronium', 'Atracurium']","output":"Rocuronium"} +{"instruction":"Which of these are associated with increased risk of colorectal Ca -a) More intake of animal fatb) Aspirinc) Ulcerative colitisd) Amoebic colitise) Polyps","input":"Choices: ['acd', 'bde', 'cde', 'ace']","output":"ace"} +{"instruction":"A patient is breathing air at sea level and has a respiratory exchange ratio of 1.0. The aerial blood values are: PO2 90 mm Hg ;PCO2 20 mm Hg and pH 7.30. These indicate that the:","input":"Choices: ['Alveolar-aerial PO2 difference exceeds 20 mm Hg.', 'Plasma bicarbonate concentration is low', 'Patient is hyperventilating', 'All of the above']","output":"All of the above"} +{"instruction":"Following Is true regarding opening snap -","input":"Choices: ['It is a high-pitched diastolic sound', 'It s due to opening of stenosed aoic valve.', 'It indicates pulmonary aerial hypeension.', 'It preceedes the aoic component of second hea sound,']","output":"It is a high-pitched diastolic sound"} +{"instruction":"Difference between antimoem and postmoem burns all except:","input":"Choices: ['Vesicle with hyperemic base or red line', 'Pus', 'Air in the bleb', 'High protein content']","output":"Air in the bleb"} +{"instruction":"Which of these statements regarding the conduction system of the heart is TRUE","input":"Choices: ['The sinoatrial (SA) node of the heart acts as the pacemaker', 'The SA node is located on the upper wall of the left atrium.', 'The AV node conducts action potentials rapidly through it.', 'Action potentials are carried slowly through the atrioventricular bundle.']","output":"The sinoatrial (SA) node of the heart acts as the pacemaker"} +{"instruction":"Effector binding region of the antibody is","input":"Choices: ['Constant region of heavy chain', 'Variable region of heavy chain', 'Constant region of heavy and light chain', 'Variable region of heavy and light chain']","output":"Variable region of heavy and light chain"} +{"instruction":"Pheochromocytoma is usually associated with:September 2007","input":"Choices: ['Pancreatic exocrine carcinoma', 'Astrocytoma', 'Neurofibromatosis', 'Neuroblastoma']","output":"Neurofibromatosis"} +{"instruction":"Commonest cause of non traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage","input":"Choices: ['Idiopathic', 'Berry aneurysm rupture', 'Hypertension', 'AV malformation']","output":"Berry aneurysm rupture"} +{"instruction":"Most common cause of hea block in infants is","input":"Choices: ['SLE', 'Surgery for congentital hea disease', 'Viral myocarditis', 'Rheumatic fever']","output":"Surgery for congentital hea disease"} +{"instruction":"P.E.R.T is a type of -","input":"Choices: ['Input output analysis', 'System analysis', 'Network analysis', 'Work sampling']","output":"System analysis"} +{"instruction":"A 12-year-old girl is brought with sho stature, sho webbed neck and widely spaced nipples which is suggestive of a chromosomal abnormality, and is subsequently confirmed by karyotyping. What is the cardiovascular anomaly that is most likely to be present in this child?","input":"Choices: ['Atrial septal defect', 'Tetralogy of Fallot', 'Coarctation of aoa', 'Patent ductus aeriosus']","output":"Coarctation of aoa"} +{"instruction":"Laminar necrosis and watershed infarcts are most suggestive of","input":"Choices: ['Shock', 'Hypeension', 'Fat emboli', 'Vascular thrombosis']","output":"Shock"} +{"instruction":"All of the following are the indications for myomectomy in a case of fibroid uterus except","input":"Choices: ['Associated infertility', 'Recurrent pregnancy loss', 'Pressure symptoms', 'Red degeneration']","output":"Red degeneration"} +{"instruction":"Substrate level phosphorylation is catalysed by which enzyme?","input":"Choices: ['Succinate dehydrogenase', 'Alpha keto glutarate dehydrogenase', 'Succinate thiokinase', 'Malate dehydrogenase']","output":"Succinate thiokinase"} +{"instruction":"Which drug is not used to prevent contrast nephropathy -","input":"Choices: ['Fenoldopam', 'N-acetylcysteine', 'Infusion of Hair normal saline', 'Hemodialysis']","output":"Fenoldopam"} +{"instruction":"A 64 year old hypeensive obsese female was undergoing surgery for fracture femur under general anaesthesia. Intra-operatively her end-tidal carbon dioxide decreased to 20 from 40 mm of Hg, followed by hypotension and oxygen saturation of 85%. What could be the most probable cause?","input":"Choices: ['Fat embolism', 'Hypovolemia', 'Bronchospasm', 'Myocardial infarction']","output":"Fat embolism"} +{"instruction":"In allergic pharyngitis, granularity in posterior pharynx is due to ?","input":"Choices: ['Hyperplasia of mucous membrane', 'Hyperplasia of sebaceous glands', 'Hyperplasia of submucosal lymphoid tissue', 'Inspisated mucous']","output":"Hyperplasia of submucosal lymphoid tissue"} +{"instruction":"Sign of chronic inflammation -","input":"Choices: ['Angiogenesis', 'Purulent exudate', 'Induration', 'Edema']","output":"Angiogenesis"} +{"instruction":"Median nerve injury at the wrist is commonly tested by-","input":"Choices: ['Contraction of abductor pollicis brevis', 'Contraction flexor pollicis brevis', 'Loss of sensation on palm', 'Loss of sensation on ring finger']","output":"Contraction of abductor pollicis brevis"} +{"instruction":"All are Orofacial pain of vascular origin except:","input":"Choices: ['Cluster headache', 'Migraine', 'MPDS', 'Chronic paroxysmal hemicrania']","output":"MPDS"} +{"instruction":"Mantoux test is based on which hypersensitivity?","input":"Choices: ['Type 1', 'Type 2', 'Type 3', 'Type 4']","output":"Type 4"} +{"instruction":"The primary action of the neurotransmitter Nitric oxide (NO) in the gastrointestinal tract is:","input":"Choices: ['Vasodilatation', 'Vasoconstriction', 'Gastrointestinal smooth muscle relaxation', 'Gastrointestinal slow smooth muscle contraction']","output":"Gastrointestinal smooth muscle relaxation"} +{"instruction":"α-D-glucose and β-D-glucose are","input":"Choices: ['Stereoisomers', 'Epimers', 'Anomers', 'Keto-aldo pairs']","output":"Anomers"} +{"instruction":"Bonney&;s test demonstrates","input":"Choices: ['Stress urinary incontinence', 'Urge incontinence', 'Overflow', 'Prolalpse uterus']","output":"Stress urinary incontinence"} +{"instruction":"Recommended interventions to reduce the incidence of Coronary aery disease include the following except:","input":"Choices: ['Dietary cholesterol < 100 mg\/1000kcal\/d', 'Salt intake < 5 gm', 'No alcohol', 'Fat intake < 10% of total energy.']","output":"Fat intake < 10% of total energy."} +{"instruction":"The false statement about informed consent document is?","input":"Choices: ['Obtained in presence of two witnesses', 'Need not be signed by the doctor', 'Obtained before the actual doing of procedure', 'Minimum age to give consent for GPE except PV and PR is 12 years']","output":"Need not be signed by the doctor"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following drug is effective against HIV with Y181C mutation?","input":"Choices: ['Festinavir', 'Lersivirine', 'Elvitegravir', 'Dolutegravir']","output":"Lersivirine"} +{"instruction":"G-6-P deficiency occurs in:","input":"Choices: ['Forbes disease', 'Niemann Picks disease', 'Von-Gierke disease', 'Tay Sachs disease']","output":"Von-Gierke disease"} +{"instruction":"Gastrointestinal enteritis necroticans is caused by-","input":"Choices: ['Clostridium difficile', 'Clostridium perfringens', 'Cl. botulinum', 'C. Jejuni']","output":"Clostridium perfringens"} +{"instruction":"Local anaesthetic used as an antiarrhythmic agent is:","input":"Choices: ['Bupivacaine', 'Lignocaine', 'Cocaine', 'Chlorprocaine']","output":"Lignocaine"} +{"instruction":"Which one of the following bone tumors typically affects the epiphysis of a long bone?","input":"Choices: ['Osteosarcoma', \"Ewing's sarcoma\", 'Chondroblastoma', 'Chondromyxoid fibroma']","output":"Chondroblastoma"} +{"instruction":"Acrodermatitis enteropathica is seen with deficiency of:","input":"Choices: ['Zinc', 'Iron', 'Copper', 'Vitamin A']","output":"Zinc"} +{"instruction":"The commonest variation in the aeries arising from the arch of aoa is:","input":"Choices: ['Absence of brachiocephalic trunk', 'Left veebral aery arising from the arch', 'Left common carotid aery arising from brachio cephalic trunk', 'Presence of retroesophageal subclan aery']","output":"Left common carotid aery arising from brachio cephalic trunk"} +{"instruction":"Paroxymal noctural hemoglobinuria is due to -","input":"Choices: ['Acquired red cell defect', 'Congential red cell defect', 'Auto immune defect', 'Lead poisoning']","output":"Acquired red cell defect"} +{"instruction":"A 56-year-old woman with a history of hyperlipidemia and hypeension develops progressive, right renal aery stenosis. Over time, this patient's right kidney is likely to demonstrate which of the following morphologic adaptations to paial ischaemia?","input":"Choices: ['Atrophy', 'Dysplasia', 'Hyperplasia', 'Hyperophy']","output":"Atrophy"} +{"instruction":"Koener's tumor are seen in?","input":"Choices: ['Tuberous sclerosis', 'Neurofibromatosis', 'VHL', 'NF']","output":"Tuberous sclerosis"} +{"instruction":"A 3 yr old completely unimmunized child comes to an immunization clinic at PHC for the first time. He should receive -","input":"Choices: ['BCG; Measles, Vitamin-A', 'DT-1, OPV-1, Measles, Vitamin-A', 'BCG; DPT-1, OPV-1, Measles, Vitamin-A', 'DPT-1, OPV-1, Measles, Vitamin-A']","output":"DT-1, OPV-1, Measles, Vitamin-A"} +{"instruction":"Pantothenate Kinase associated neurodegeneration is:","input":"Choices: [\"Wiison's disease\", 'Hallervorden-Spatz syndrome', 'McLeod syndrome', 'Lesch Nyhan syndrome']","output":"Hallervorden-Spatz syndrome"} +{"instruction":"DOC for pregnant females travelling to areas endemic to chloroquine resistant P-falciparum:","input":"Choices: ['Primaquine', 'Doxycycline', 'Amodiaquine', 'Mefloquine']","output":"Mefloquine"} +{"instruction":"As per MCI regulations, a medical practitioner should maintain the records of in patients for a minimum period of","input":"Choices: ['2 years', '3 years', '4 years', '5 years']","output":"3 years"} +{"instruction":"The causative organism in Madura Mycosis Mycetoma is","input":"Choices: ['Nocardia', 'Dimorphic fungus', 'Aspergillus', 'Dermatophytes']","output":"Nocardia"} +{"instruction":"All true the trigone of the urinary bladder except","input":"Choices: ['Mucosa is loosely associated to the underlying musculature', 'Mucosa is smooth', 'It is lined by transitional epithelium', 'It is derived from the absorbed pa of the mesonephric duct']","output":"Mucosa is loosely associated to the underlying musculature"} +{"instruction":"Auer rods are seen in -","input":"Choices: ['AML', 'CML', 'ALL', 'CLL']","output":"AML"} +{"instruction":"A patients of iron deficiency anaemia have been put on iron therapy. What should be the rate of rising in haemoglobin level of blood so that response is considered adequate","input":"Choices: ['0.05-0.1g\/dl per week', 'O.1-0.2g\/dl per week', 'O.5-1.0g\/dl per week', 'More than 1.0g\/dl per week']","output":"O.5-1.0g\/dl per week"} +{"instruction":"A 3-year-old male who fell from a tree complains of severe pain over the right side of his chest because of a rib fracture at the midaxillary line. He is admitted to the hospital due to his difficulty breathing. Radiographic and physical examinations reveal atelectasis, resulting from the accumulation of blood in his pleural space and resulting hemothorax. What is the most likely the source of bleeding to cause the hemothorax?","input":"Choices: ['Left common carotid artery', 'Intercostal vessels', 'Pulmonary arteries', 'Pulmonary veins']","output":"Intercostal vessels"} +{"instruction":"Organ most commonly damaged in penetrating injury of abdomen is:","input":"Choices: ['Liver', 'Small intestine', 'Large intestine', 'Duodenum']","output":"Liver"} +{"instruction":"Half life of factor 8 is -","input":"Choices: ['4 hours', '8 hours', '34 hours', '48 hours']","output":"8 hours"} +{"instruction":"The given clinical condition is due to involvement of nerve which is branch from which pa of brachial plexus","input":"Choices: ['Root', 'Trunk', 'Division', 'Cord']","output":"Root"} +{"instruction":"Most common cause of cerebrovascular accident is:","input":"Choices: ['Embolism', 'Arterial thrombosis', 'Venous thrombosis', 'Hemorrhage']","output":"Embolism"} +{"instruction":"Which tray is more suitable for final impression, when conventional immediate denture is to be fabricated?","input":"Choices: ['Single full arch custom impression tray', 'Sectional custom tray', 'Perforated full arch custom tray', 'None of the above']","output":"Sectional custom tray"} +{"instruction":"True about endometriosis is all except","input":"Choices: ['Chronic inflammatory disease', 'Estrogen independent', 'Ectopic endometrial tissue', 'Frequently seen in ovaries']","output":"Estrogen independent"} +{"instruction":"Good vision in dim light and clusmy in day lights seen in-","input":"Choices: ['Coical cataract', 'Morgagnian cataract', 'Nuclear cataract', 'Steroid induced cataract']","output":"Coical cataract"} +{"instruction":"A 75.year old woman with chronic atrial fibrillation presented to the hospital with a 2-day of colicky abdominal pain. The physical examination revealed hypoactive bowel sounds and diffuse abdominal tenderness. Laboratory tests showed a white cell count of 19,400 per cubic millimeter with 92% neutrophils, a blood urea nitrogen level of 42 mg per deciliter (15 gmol per liter) and a serum creatinine level of 3.0 mg per deciliter (267 gmol per liter). The investigation of choice would be","input":"Choices: ['Contrast enhanced CT abdomen', 'Duplex Doppler of the abdomen', 'MRI scan of the abdomen', 'USG of abdomen']","output":"USG of abdomen"} +{"instruction":"Requirement of Potassium in child is","input":"Choices: ['1-2 mEq\/kg', '4-7 mEq\/kg', '10-12 mEq\/kg', '13-14 mEq\/kg']","output":"1-2 mEq\/kg"} +{"instruction":"Child with generalized petechiae. CSF shows gram negative diplococci. Treatment","input":"Choices: ['IV Ceftriaxone', 'IV Penicillin G', 'IV Cefotaxine', 'IV Penicillin V']","output":"IV Ceftriaxone"} +{"instruction":"What is medial most in femoral triangle?","input":"Choices: ['Vein', 'Aery', 'Nerve', 'Lymphatics']","output":"Lymphatics"} +{"instruction":"Not a risk factor of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment: March 2011","input":"Choices: ['Aphakia', 'High myopia', 'Diabetes', 'Pseudophakia']","output":"Diabetes"} +{"instruction":"Van Gogh syndrome is seen in -","input":"Choices: ['Mania', 'Depression', 'Schizophrenia', 'OCD']","output":"Schizophrenia"} +{"instruction":"\"Tumbling\" motility is shown by:","input":"Choices: ['Proteus', 'Coli', 'Vibrio', 'Listeria']","output":"Listeria"} +{"instruction":"Resolution of physiological umbilical hernia occurs at which week of gestation ?","input":"Choices: ['6 weeks', '8 weeks', '10 weeks', '12 weeks']","output":"10 weeks"} +{"instruction":"Anti tobacco day is:-","input":"Choices: ['1-Jul', '24-Mar', '31-May', '1-Dec']","output":"31-May"} +{"instruction":"Sister Mary Joseph nodule is most commonly seen with","input":"Choices: ['Ovarian cancer', 'Stomach cancer', 'Colon cancer', 'Pancreatic cancer']","output":"Stomach cancer"} +{"instruction":"All of the following are recognised features of psuedotumour cerebrii, except -","input":"Choices: ['Papilloedma', 'Absece of localizing neurological deficit', 'Increased protein content in the CSF', 'Normal sized ventricles on CT scanning']","output":"Increased protein content in the CSF"} +{"instruction":"U shaped dose response curve is seen in","input":"Choices: ['Vitamins', 'Anti cancer drugs', 'Steroids', 'Chelators']","output":"Vitamins"} +{"instruction":"All the following blood group systems cause fetal hemolytic disease Except","input":"Choices: ['Kell', 'Duffy', 'Kidd', 'lewis']","output":"lewis"} +{"instruction":"Man is intermediate host for:","input":"Choices: ['Brugia malayi', 'W. Bancrofti', 'Plasmodium', 'T. saginata']","output":"Plasmodium"} +{"instruction":"Vitamin not required in TCA cycle ?","input":"Choices: ['Niacin', 'Riboflavin', 'Thiamine', 'Folic acid']","output":"Folic acid"} +{"instruction":"Hypeonic dysfunctional labour is characterised by which of the following :","input":"Choices: ['Fetal distress occurs early', 'Reaction to oxytocin is orable', 'Sedation is of little value', 'Occurs more frequently than hypotonic labour']","output":"Fetal distress occurs early"} +{"instruction":"Tracheostomy done at which level","input":"Choices: ['T1', 'T3', 'T4', 'T5']","output":"T3"} +{"instruction":"What directs vesicles carrying proteins modified in the Golgi cisternae to their appropriate place in the cell?","input":"Choices: ['A sequence of amino acids within the proteins', 'A specific carbohydrate bound to the proteins', 'Coatomer or clathrin proteins coating the vesicle', 'Complementary SNARE proteins on the vesicle and its target organelle']","output":"Complementary SNARE proteins on the vesicle and its target organelle"} +{"instruction":"Who is known for his work on scurvy?","input":"Choices: ['Fracastorius', 'James Lind', 'John snow', 'Edward Jenner']","output":"James Lind"} +{"instruction":"Left cardiac border bulge can be seen in all, except -","input":"Choices: ['Enlarged azygous vein', 'Left appendicular overgrowth', 'Coronary aery aneurysm', 'Pericardial defect']","output":"Enlarged azygous vein"} +{"instruction":"If a biochemical test gives the same reading for a sample on repeated testing. It is inferred that the measurement is-","input":"Choices: ['Precise', 'Accurate', 'Specific', 'Sensitive']","output":"Precise"} +{"instruction":"CA - 125 is a tumor marker for rn","input":"Choices: ['Carcinoma ovary', 'Carcinoma endometrium', 'Carcinoma vagina', 'Carcinoma cervix']","output":"Carcinoma ovary"} +{"instruction":"Dermatophyte affecting the hair, nail, and skin is","input":"Choices: ['Trichophyton', 'Epidermophyton', 'Microsporum', 'Malassezia']","output":"Trichophyton"} +{"instruction":"How does MDR gene act?","input":"Choices: ['Block drug activation', 'Block intracellular DNA synthesis', 'Cause efflux of drug', 'DNA repair inhibition']","output":"Cause efflux of drug"} +{"instruction":"The urine sample of a patient has been sent to the laboratory to look for Leptospira. The specimen is to be screened by use of the","input":"Choices: ['Scanning microscope', 'Inverted microscope', 'Dark ground microscope', 'Electron microscope']","output":"Dark ground microscope"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is false about Calciphylaxis","input":"Choices: ['It is Calcific arteriopathy in chronic kidney disease', 'Livedo reticularis can be seen', 'Vascular Calcification is seen', 'Associated with hypoparathyroidism']","output":"Associated with hypoparathyroidism"} +{"instruction":"Which is not a component of Influenza trivalent vaccine","input":"Choices: ['H1N1 virus', 'Influenza B virus', 'H3N2 virus', 'H5N1 virus']","output":"H5N1 virus"} +{"instruction":"Best diagnostic sign in CDH","input":"Choices: [\"Oolani's test\", 'Telescopy', 'Asymmetry in gluteal skin fold', 'Limitation of abduction of hip with thigh flexed']","output":"Oolani's test"} +{"instruction":"Most common pathological features in diabetes mellitus is :","input":"Choices: ['Papillary necrosis', 'Diffuse glomerulosclerosing', 'Renal atherosclerosis', 'Chronic pyelonephritis']","output":"Diffuse glomerulosclerosing"} +{"instruction":"Early postoperative complications of tracheostomy are all, except","input":"Choices: ['Apnoea', 'Haemorrhage', 'Pneumomediastinum', 'Tracheal stenosis']","output":"Tracheal stenosis"} +{"instruction":"Association of Psychomotor learning","input":"Choices: ['Knowledge', 'Attitudes', 'Skills', 'Belief']","output":"Skills"} +{"instruction":"These lesion are seen in:","input":"Choices: ['Tuberculoid leprosy', 'Lepromatous leprosy', 'Borderline tuberculoid leprosy', 'Histoid leprosy']","output":"Borderline tuberculoid leprosy"} +{"instruction":"Obturation may be done in the initial visit if","input":"Choices: ['There is necrotic pulp', 'There is a swelling', 'The tooth is vital', 'The tooth is nonvital']","output":"The tooth is vital"} +{"instruction":"Tinea corporis is commonly caused by all the following except ?","input":"Choices: ['T. rubrum', 'T. verrucosum', 'E. floccosum', 'M. canis']","output":"M. canis"} +{"instruction":"Kwashiorkor is characterised by all, EXCEPT:","input":"Choices: ['Dermatitis', 'Edema', 'Flag sign', 'Aleness']","output":"Aleness"} +{"instruction":"Pseudomembranous conjunctivitis is caused by – a) Gonococcusb) Staphylococcusc) Streptococcusd) Keratoconjunctivitis sicca","input":"Choices: ['abc', 'bc', 'acd', 'bcd']","output":"abc"} +{"instruction":"Pisiform is which type of bone:","input":"Choices: ['Pneumatic bone', 'Sesamoid bone', 'Accessory bone', 'Long bone']","output":"Sesamoid bone"} +{"instruction":"Most cardiotoxic local anaesthetic is :","input":"Choices: ['Procaine', 'Bupivacaine', 'Prilocaine', 'Tetracaine']","output":"Bupivacaine"} +{"instruction":"Drug used for cocaine withdrawal symptoms is","input":"Choices: ['Fluoxetine', 'Lorazepam', 'Phenobarbital', 'No drug needed']","output":"No drug needed"} +{"instruction":"True about case control study A\/E","input":"Choices: ['Less expensive', 'Those with disease and not diseased compared', 'Attributable risk is estimated', 'None of these']","output":"Attributable risk is estimated"} +{"instruction":"The inferior border of the rectus sheath posteriorly is called the:","input":"Choices: ['Falx inguinalis', 'Inguinal ligament', 'Internal inguinal ring', 'Arcuate line']","output":"Arcuate line"} +{"instruction":"All of the following coical areas contribute fibers to the coicospinal tract, EXCEPT:","input":"Choices: ['Primary motor coex (precentral gyrus)', 'Premotor coex', 'Inferior temporal coex', 'Primary somatosensory coex (postcentral gyrus)']","output":"Inferior temporal coex"} +{"instruction":"Without breast feeding the first menstrual usually begins - weeks after delivery :","input":"Choices: ['2-4 weeks', '4-6 weeks', '6-8 weeks', '8-10 weeks']","output":"6-8 weeks"} +{"instruction":"Gradenigo&;s syndrome is characterized by all except","input":"Choices: ['Retro orbital pain', 'Abducent nerve involvement', 'Conductive deafness', 'Positive Griesinger sign']","output":"Positive Griesinger sign"} +{"instruction":"Which of the ATT drugs is not hepatotoxic?","input":"Choices: ['Pyrazinamide', 'INH', 'Rifampicin', 'Streptomycin']","output":"Streptomycin"} +{"instruction":"The single most common cause of Neonatal meningitis is","input":"Choices: ['Group B streptococcus', 'Haemophilus', 'Meningococcus', 'Mycobacterium']","output":"Group B streptococcus"} +{"instruction":"Patient of acute pancreatitis developed sudden loss of vision the most likely cause is:","input":"Choices: [\"Puscher's retinopathy\", 'Hyperglycemia', 'Hypoxia', 'CRVO']","output":"Puscher's retinopathy"} +{"instruction":"Ovarian reserve tests are :","input":"Choices: ['LH', 'FSH', 'Plasma progesterone', 'Endometrial biopsy']","output":"FSH"} +{"instruction":"Which of the follow ing occurs in mitochondria -","input":"Choices: ['Glycolysis', 'HMP shunt', 'TCA cycle', 'Glycogenesis']","output":"TCA cycle"} +{"instruction":"Merciful anosmia is seen in -","input":"Choices: ['Nasal polyp', 'Atrophic rhinitis', 'Rhinosporidiosis', 'Rhinoscleroma']","output":"Atrophic rhinitis"} +{"instruction":"Function of corticospinal tract is-","input":"Choices: ['Motor supply to the trunk and limbs', 'Co-ordination of movements', 'Sensations of vibration of proprioception', 'It carries sensations of pain and temperature']","output":"Motor supply to the trunk and limbs"} +{"instruction":"G-cells are present mostly in-","input":"Choices: ['Fundus', 'Cardia', 'Pyloric antrum', 'Body']","output":"Pyloric antrum"} +{"instruction":"Depression is associated with which of the following neurological condition ?","input":"Choices: ['Cerebro-vascular disorder', 'Multiple sclerosis', 'Epilepsy', 'None of the above']","output":"Cerebro-vascular disorder"} +{"instruction":"Consanguinity is seen with which pattern of inheritance?","input":"Choices: ['AR', 'AD', 'XLR', 'XLD']","output":"AR"} +{"instruction":"25 year old woman with IUD inserted 2 years ago presents with fever. On examination, actinomyces is positive in cervical cytology. What would you advise regarding IUD?","input":"Choices: ['Continue some contraception, no need of treatment', 'Hysterectomy', 'IUD is left in place and antibiotic course is started', 'Remove the IUD and intensive antibiotic therapy given']","output":"Remove the IUD and intensive antibiotic therapy given"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following cells is the germ cell closest to the basal lamina in the seminiferous tubule?","input":"Choices: ['Primary spermatocyte', 'Secondary spermatocyte', 'Spermatid', 'Spermatogonia']","output":"Spermatogonia"} +{"instruction":"A patient comes to the hospital with a history of a sore throat, diarrhoea and sexual contact 2 weeks before. The best investigation to rule out HIV is -","input":"Choices: ['P24 antigen assay', 'ELISA', 'Western blot', 'Lymph node biopsy']","output":"P24 antigen assay"} +{"instruction":"Xanthelasma bulbar all are true EXCEPT:","input":"Choices: ['Dots occurring on lateral side of eye', 'Occur in middle aged women', 'Creamy yellow in color', 'Associated with Diabetes']","output":"Dots occurring on lateral side of eye"} +{"instruction":"PROTAPER NEXT is","input":"Choices: ['Based on M wire NiTi Phase', 'Has reamer with alternative cutting edges', 'Has alternating wall contact points', 'Based on R phase NiTi']","output":"Based on M wire NiTi Phase"} +{"instruction":"Which one of the following drugs is used to treat status epilepticus ?","input":"Choices: ['Primidone', 'Carbamazepine', 'Diazepam', 'Sodium valproate']","output":"Diazepam"} +{"instruction":"Transport of carbon monoxide (CO) is diffusion limited because-","input":"Choices: ['High affinity of CO for hemoglobin', 'Alveolar membrane is less permeable CO', 'CO crosses epithelial barrier slowly', 'ON exposure to air there is sudden increase in partial pressure']","output":"High affinity of CO for hemoglobin"} +{"instruction":"Which laser is used in the management of after cataracts –","input":"Choices: ['Argon', 'Krypton', 'Nd–YAG', 'Excimer']","output":"Nd–YAG"} +{"instruction":"Function of endonucleases:","input":"Choices: ['Cut DNA at specific DNA sequences', 'To point out the coding regions', 'Enhancers', 'To find out antibiotic resistance']","output":"Cut DNA at specific DNA sequences"} +{"instruction":"Allergic rhinitis treatment include all except","input":"Choices: ['Antibiotics', 'Avoiding allergen', 'Coicosteroids', 'Surgery']","output":"Antibiotics"} +{"instruction":"IL-2 activates Th 1 \/CD 4 through","input":"Choices: ['NK cells', 'Th cells', 'T memory cells', 'All the above']","output":"All the above"} +{"instruction":"Arnold-Chiari malformation-All are true except-","input":"Choices: ['Cerebellomedullary malformation', 'Almost always associated with severe spina bifida', 'There is obstruction to the flow of CSF', '4th ventricle lies above the level of formen magnum']","output":"4th ventricle lies above the level of formen magnum"} +{"instruction":"Trabecular (conventional) outflow of aqueous humour accounts for:","input":"Choices: ['90 percent', '80 percent', '70 percent', '60 percent']","output":"90 percent"} +{"instruction":"Red cell Protoporphyrin levels more than 100 microgram\/ dL is suggestive of which of the following?","input":"Choices: ['Iron deficiency anemia', 'Lead poisoning', 'Myelodysplasia', 'All']","output":"Iron deficiency anemia"} +{"instruction":"A 48 yr old woman comes with b\/1 progressive weakness of both lower limbs, spasticity & mild impairment of respiratory movements. MRI shows an intradural mid-dorsal midline enhancing lesion. What is the likely diagnosis:","input":"Choices: ['Intradural lipoma', 'Meningioma', 'Neuroenteric cyst', 'Dermoid cyst']","output":"Meningioma"} +{"instruction":"When the confidence level of a test is increased which of the following will happen","input":"Choices: ['No effect on significance', 'Previously insignificant value becomes significant', 'Previously significant value becomes insignificant', 'No change in hypothesis']","output":"Previously insignificant value becomes significant"} +{"instruction":"Differentia] cyanosis occurs in which disease -","input":"Choices: ['Severe coarctation', 'Inturrupted aortic arch', 'PPHN', 'All of above']","output":"All of above"} +{"instruction":"Bilateral inter nuclear ophthalmoplegia is pathognomonic of-","input":"Choices: ['Multiple sclerosis', 'Pontine glioma', 'Lateral medullary syndrome', 'Pontine haemorrhage']","output":"Multiple sclerosis"} +{"instruction":"C1-C2 best seen in:","input":"Choices: ['Lat. view', 'Oblique view', 'AP view', 'Odontoid view']","output":"Odontoid view"} +{"instruction":"Risk factor for abruptio placentae are all except-","input":"Choices: ['High birth order', 'Thrombophilia', 'Smoking', 'Cannabis abuse']","output":"Cannabis abuse"} +{"instruction":"Potassium channel opener with anti-anginal activity is:","input":"Choices: ['Nicorandil', 'Dipyridamole', 'Dofetilide', 'AMIODARONE']","output":"Nicorandil"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is the commonest cause of farmer's lung?","input":"Choices: ['Micropolyspora faeni', 'Thermoactinomyces sacchari', 'Mycobacterium bovis', 'None of the above']","output":"Micropolyspora faeni"} +{"instruction":"Keratosis obturans is","input":"Choices: ['Foreign body in external auditory canal', 'Desquamated epithelial cells and Cholesterol', 'Cholesterol crystals surrounded by calcium', 'Wax in external auditory canal']","output":"Desquamated epithelial cells and Cholesterol"} +{"instruction":"Upper GI endoscopy is indicated in all except","input":"Choices: ['Peptic ulceration', 'Achalasia cardia', \"Barrett's esophagus and Stricture esophagus\", 'None']","output":"None"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following vitamins is not involved in TCA cycle?","input":"Choices: ['Riboflavin', 'Thiamine', 'Niacin', 'Pyridoxine']","output":"Pyridoxine"} +{"instruction":"Features of Friedreich's Ataxia include all of the following except:","input":"Choices: ['Progressive weakness', 'Absent lower limb reflexes', 'Increased tone in lower limbs', 'Extensor plantar Response']","output":"Increased tone in lower limbs"} +{"instruction":"A 57-year-old woman is complaining of frequent headaches and scalp tenderness. She also has arthralgias, fatigue, and discomfort in her jaw when she chews. On examination, her head and neck is normal, but the right temporal artery is tender on palpation. Her erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) is 50 mm\/h and hemoglobin 10.5 g\/dL. A temporal artery biopsy is obtained for diagnostic confirmation. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in management?","input":"Choices: ['intravenous high-dose steroids', 'acetylsalicylic acid', 'indomethacin', 'low-dose (prednisone 40 mg\/day) steroids by mouth']","output":"low-dose (prednisone 40 mg\/day) steroids by mouth"} +{"instruction":"Neointimal hyperplasia causes vascular graft failure as a result of hyperophy of","input":"Choices: ['Endothelial cells', 'Collagen fibers', 'Smooth muscle cells', 'Elastic fibers']","output":"Smooth muscle cells"} +{"instruction":"Flat capnogram seen with all except aEUR'","input":"Choices: ['Accidental extubation', 'Bronchospasm', 'Dissociation of anesthetic tube', 'Mechanical ventilation fading']","output":"Bronchospasm"} +{"instruction":"all the following are treatments used for PROMYLOCYTIC LEUKEMIA (m-3) EXCEPT?","input":"Choices: ['ARSENIC', 'TRETINOIN', 'RETINOIC ACID', 'CISPLATIN']","output":"CISPLATIN"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following anaesthetic is safe in heart failure –","input":"Choices: ['Etomidate', 'Propofol', 'Thiopentone', 'Ketamine']","output":"Etomidate"} +{"instruction":"Clitoris develops from-","input":"Choices: ['Urogenital Sinus', 'Labio Scrotal Swelling', 'Labio Scrotal Swelling', 'Genital tubercle']","output":"Genital tubercle"} +{"instruction":"Treatment of congenital ptosis with poor elevation is","input":"Choices: ['Levator resection', 'Frontalis sling', 'FS operation', 'None of the']","output":"Frontalis sling"} +{"instruction":"Manganese deficiency leads to?","input":"Choices: ['Parkinsonism', 'Impaired skeletal growth', 'Impaired glucose tolerance', 'Anaemia']","output":"Impaired skeletal growth"} +{"instruction":"Sweat chloride levels in fibrocystic disease of pancreas-","input":"Choices: ['Elevated', 'Decreased', 'First elevated then decreased', 'First decreased then elevated']","output":"Elevated"} +{"instruction":"A temporary increase in the number of circulating reticulocytes will most likely predictably result when an individual:","input":"Choices: ['Has a bacterial infection', 'Received a vaccination against measles', 'Has a viral infection', 'Moves from sea level to a high altitude']","output":"Moves from sea level to a high altitude"} +{"instruction":"Which one of the following drugs is most Suitable for management of essential tremors","input":"Choices: ['Diazepam', 'Levodopa', 'Metoprolol', 'Propranolol']","output":"Propranolol"} +{"instruction":"In child survival and safe motherhood programme which is not advised as a provision in conduct of delivery -","input":"Choices: ['Clean room', 'Clean tie', 'Clean perineum', 'Clean cord']","output":"Clean perineum"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following structures pass through the aoic hiatus of the diaphragm?","input":"Choices: ['Inferior vena cava', 'Oesophagus', 'Vagus nerve', 'Azygos vein']","output":"Azygos vein"} +{"instruction":"Weight gain is not seen with:","input":"Choices: ['Chlorpromazine', 'Sodium valproate', 'Carbamazepine', 'Phentermine']","output":"Phentermine"} +{"instruction":"Collagen biosynthesis occurs inside the:","input":"Choices: ['Chondroblasts', 'Odontoblasts', 'Osteoblasts', 'Fibroblasts']","output":"Fibroblasts"} +{"instruction":"A chronic alcoholic develops severe memory loss with marked confabulation. Deficiency of which of the following vitamins would be most likely to contribute to the neurologic damage underlying these symptoms?","input":"Choices: ['Folic acid', 'Niacin', 'Riboflavin', 'Thiamine']","output":"Thiamine"} +{"instruction":"What is this teeth abnormality?","input":"Choices: ['Mulberry molars', 'Natal teeth', \"Hutchinson's teeth\", 'Supernumerary teeth']","output":"Hutchinson's teeth"} +{"instruction":"When gas filled cysts are found in subserosa or submucosa of small intestine or colon, it is called","input":"Choices: ['Pneumatosis cystoids intestinalis', \"Crohn's disease\", 'Ulcerative colitis', 'Mesenteric cyst']","output":"Pneumatosis cystoids intestinalis"} +{"instruction":"What is the volume of reservoir bag used in neonatal resuscitation","input":"Choices: ['240 ml', '500 ml', '750 ml', '1000 ml']","output":"240 ml"} +{"instruction":"Presumptive count includes -","input":"Choices: ['No E. Coli', 'Coliform but not only E. Coli', 'Gram ne gative bacilli', 'Any bacteria']","output":"Coliform but not only E. Coli"} +{"instruction":"The inheritance pattern of familial retinoblastomas is ?","input":"Choices: ['AD', 'AR', 'X linked dominant', 'X linked recessive']","output":"AD"} +{"instruction":"At the neuromuscular junction:","input":"Choices: ['The muscle membrane possesses muscarinic receptors', 'The motor nerve endings secrete norepinephrine', 'Curare leads to prolongation of neuromuscular transmission', 'The motor nerve endings secrete acetylcholine']","output":"The motor nerve endings secrete acetylcholine"} +{"instruction":"Hormone replacement therapy is contraindicated in-","input":"Choices: ['Atherosclerosis', 'Thromboembolism', 'Osteoporosis', 'Gall stones']","output":"Thromboembolism"} +{"instruction":"Radiological Signs of Acute Pancreatitis include the following EXCEPT:","input":"Choices: ['Colon cut-off sign', 'Murphy sign', 'Renal halo sign', 'Sentinel loop sign']","output":"Murphy sign"} +{"instruction":"Caseous necrosis in granuloma are not found in","input":"Choices: ['TB', 'Leprosy', 'Histoplasmosis', 'CMV']","output":"Leprosy"} +{"instruction":"5 year old child going to sitting craniotomy while positioning in O.T. developed end tidal CO2 0mm HgPO2 80 mm Hg implies –","input":"Choices: ['Endotracheal tube in oesophagus', 'E.T. blocked with secretion', 'Venous air Embolism', 'Left lung collapse']","output":"Venous air Embolism"} +{"instruction":"CBD stone may present with -","input":"Choices: ['Increased bilirubin', 'T WBC count', 'T liver enzymes', 'All']","output":"All"} +{"instruction":"A 30 year old patient of schizophrenia on antipsychotics presents with amenorrhea and galactorrhea. Which of the following antipsychotic should she be shifted to:-","input":"Choices: ['Haloperidol', 'Olanzapine', 'Risperidone', 'Aripiprazole']","output":"Aripiprazole"} +{"instruction":"Flexibility of protein depends on","input":"Choices: ['Glycine', 'Tryptophan', 'Phenylalanine', 'Histidine']","output":"Glycine"} +{"instruction":"Extreme widening of the periodontal ligament as seen in the radiograph is the characteristic feature of:","input":"Choices: ['Scleroderma', \"Paget's disease\", 'Pemphigus', 'All of the above']","output":"Scleroderma"} +{"instruction":"A young male develops fever, followed by headache, confusional state, focal seizures and a right hemiparesis. The MRI performed shows bilateral frontotemporal hyperintense lesion. The most likely diagnosis is","input":"Choices: ['Acute pyogenic meningitis', 'Acute pyogenic meningitis', 'Neurocysticercosis', 'Carcinomatous meningitis']","output":"Neurocysticercosis"} +{"instruction":"An obese individual is brought to the emergency room by a concerned friend. The patient has been on a self-imposed \"starvation diet\" for four months, and has lost 60 pounds while consuming only water and vitamin pills. If extensive blood studies were performed, which of the following would be expected to be elevated?","input":"Choices: ['Acetoacetic acid', 'Alanine', 'Bicarbonate', 'Chylomicrons']","output":"Acetoacetic acid"} +{"instruction":"Nasolabial cyst occurs at-","input":"Choices: ['Union of two nasal processes', 'Union of nasal and maxillary process', 'Union of palatal process with maxillary', 'Nasal with palatal process']","output":"Union of nasal and maxillary process"} +{"instruction":"Defective proteins are degraded after attaching covalently to -","input":"Choices: ['Clathrin', 'Pepsin', 'Laminin', 'Ubiquitin']","output":"Ubiquitin"} +{"instruction":"Recurrent aboion occurs in a woman, USG abdomen shows a non-echoic region in the central pa of the uterus. What is the probable diagnosis","input":"Choices: ['Arcuate uterus', 'Septate uterus', 'Bicornuate uterus', 'Unicornuate uterus']","output":"Septate uterus"} +{"instruction":"True about lymphangioma\na) It is a malignant tumour\nb) It is a congenital sequestration of lymphatic\nc) Cystic hygroma is a lymphangioma\nd) Laser excision is done\ne) Sclerotherapy is commonly done","input":"Choices: ['bcd', 'bc', 'abc', 'ab']","output":"bc"} +{"instruction":"Trypsin cleaves which amino acid?","input":"Choices: ['Glycine', 'Glutamate', 'Arginine', 'Aspartate']","output":"Arginine"} +{"instruction":"An Immunoglobulin molecule represents the following level of organized protein structure:","input":"Choices: ['Primary structure', 'Secondary structure', 'Teiary structure', 'Quaenary structure']","output":"Quaenary structure"} +{"instruction":"Dose of methotrexate for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis is -","input":"Choices: ['7.5 - 15 mg\/week', '2.5 - 5 mg\/ week', '7.5-15 mg\/ month', '2.5 - 5 mg\/ month']","output":"7.5 - 15 mg\/week"} +{"instruction":"True about breast feeding –","input":"Choices: ['Best for both preterm & term', 'Promote lactobacillus growth in bowel', 'Decrease allergic disorder', 'All of these']","output":"All of these"} +{"instruction":"BMW rules given on 28th March, 2016 were laid down by :","input":"Choices: ['Ministry of Environment and Climate Change', 'Municipal corporation bodies', 'Ministry of Health and Welfare', 'NITI Aayog']","output":"Ministry of Environment and Climate Change"} +{"instruction":"TRUE statement regarding use of adrenaline in anaphylactic shock is:","input":"Choices: ['The usual dose is 0.5-1 mg by IM route', 'Cerebral hemorrhage never occurs as an adverse effect to epinephrine when used in treatment of anaphylactic shock', 'It is repeated after every 2-4 hours', 'Same solution can be given for SC as well as IV route']","output":"The usual dose is 0.5-1 mg by IM route"} +{"instruction":"Haemolysis in G6PD (glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase) enzyme deficiency may occur with all of the following drugs except:","input":"Choices: ['Primaquine', 'Phenacetin', 'Probenecid', 'Penicillin']","output":"Penicillin"} +{"instruction":"Rocker bottom foot is due to:","input":"Choices: ['Over treatment of CTEV', 'Malunited fracture calcaneum', 'Horizontal talus', 'Neural tube defect']","output":"Over treatment of CTEV"} +{"instruction":"Following are precursors of endometrial carcinoma except :","input":"Choices: ['Atypical adenomatous hyperplasia', 'Atrophic endometrium', 'Adenocarcinoma in situ', 'Cystic hyperplasia']","output":"Atrophic endometrium"} +{"instruction":"All are antiplatelets drugs EXCEPT:","input":"Choices: ['Aspirin', 'Clopidogrel', 'Dipyridamol', 'Warfarin']","output":"Warfarin"} +{"instruction":"Glaucoma flecken is","input":"Choices: ['Acute uveitis due to glaucoma', 'Lens opacity due to glaucoma', 'Retinal detachment due to glaucoma', 'Corneal opacity due to glaucoma']","output":"Lens opacity due to glaucoma"} +{"instruction":"Bulbourethral glands open into which pa of the urethra","input":"Choices: ['Membranous', 'Spongy', 'Prostatic', 'Intramural']","output":"Spongy"} +{"instruction":"Rickets in neonatal period and early infancy present as all EXCEPT:-","input":"Choices: ['Craniotabes', 'Widened fontanel', 'Rachitic Rosary', 'Bow legs']","output":"Bow legs"} +{"instruction":"In ca esophagus predisposing factors ?","input":"Choices: ['Tylosis', 'Smoking', 'Lye stricture', 'All']","output":"All"} +{"instruction":"Pilocarpine eye drops act as","input":"Choices: ['Directly acting mydriatic', 'Directly acting miotic', 'Indirectly acting miotic', 'Indirectly acting mydriatic']","output":"Directly acting miotic"} +{"instruction":"Hypokalemia with hypertension is associated with following except","input":"Choices: [\"Liddle's syndrome\", \"Conn's syndrome\", \"Bartter's syndrome\", \"Cushing's syndrome\"]","output":"Bartter's syndrome"} +{"instruction":"A person feels that small insects are creeping on the skin giving rise to itching sensation; the condition is seen in: Maharashtra 09; AIIMS 09, 11","input":"Choices: ['Cocaine poisoning', 'OPC posioning', 'Morphine poisoning', 'Alcohol withdrawal']","output":"Cocaine poisoning"} +{"instruction":"A 40 year man comes to hospital with a ulcerative lesion in his Right thumb. It happened while working in garden. On culture, moist creamy colonies appear. Most common organism is","input":"Choices: ['Blastomyces', 'Phaeohyphomycosis', 'Rhinosporidium', 'Sporothrix']","output":"Sporothrix"} +{"instruction":"The ocular hypotensive agent causing apnoea in infants is","input":"Choices: ['Latanoprost', 'Betaxolol', 'Timolol', 'Brimonidine']","output":"Brimonidine"} +{"instruction":"Post coital test is useful for evaluating the following factors, EXCEPT:","input":"Choices: ['Fallopian tube block', 'Cervical factor abnormality Sperm count', 'Sperm count', 'Sperm abnormality']","output":"Fallopian tube block"} +{"instruction":"TB hand -","input":"Choices: ['Spina ventosa', 'Cariessicca', \"Pott's disease\", 'None']","output":"Spina ventosa"} +{"instruction":"Oral foci of Miller's are seen in:","input":"Choices: ['Herpes simplex.', 'Lichen planus.', 'Dental caries.', 'Syphilis.']","output":"Dental caries."} +{"instruction":"Split Pleura sign is seen in","input":"Choices: ['Lung abscess', 'Pleural Empyema', 'Pleural Fibroma', 'Dressler Syndrome']","output":"Pleural Empyema"} +{"instruction":"IPC which deals w ith dowry death is -","input":"Choices: ['304A', '304B', '303', '302']","output":"304B"} +{"instruction":"True about chicken pox ?","input":"Choices: ['Caused by Human Herpes Virus-3', 'Scab is infective', 'Rash is deep seated', 'SAR is 70%']","output":"Caused by Human Herpes Virus-3"} +{"instruction":"'Sanitation barrier' implies -","input":"Choices: ['Segregation of faeces', 'Personal hygiene', 'Elemination of flies', 'Water pollution']","output":"Segregation of faeces"} +{"instruction":"RPI stands for:","input":"Choices: ['Occlusal rest, proximal plate, I bar', 'Cingulum rest, proximal plate, I bar', 'Rest, proximal guide plane, I bar', 'Rest, proximal plate, indirect retainer']","output":"Occlusal rest, proximal plate, I bar"} +{"instruction":"A 52-year-old woman presents with a 1-year history of upper truncal obesity and moderate depression. Physical examination shows hirsutism and moon facies. A CT scan of the thorax displays a hilar mass. A transbronchial lung biopsy discloses small cell carcinoma. Electron microscopy of this patient's lung tumor will most likely reveal which of the following cytologic features?","input":"Choices: ['Councilman bodies', 'Hyperplasia of endoplasmic reticulum', 'Mitochondrial calcification', 'Neuroendocrine granules']","output":"Neuroendocrine granules"} +{"instruction":"Strategies for prevention of Neonatal Tetanus include all of the following except -","input":"Choices: ['5 clean practices', 'Giving penicillin to all the new borns', '2 doses of TT to all pregnant women', 'Immunizing all married women']","output":"Giving penicillin to all the new borns"} +{"instruction":"Lipid lowering drug that significantly reduces lipoprotein–a levels is?","input":"Choices: ['Fenofibrate', 'Gemfibrosil', 'Rosuvastatin', 'Nicotinic acid']","output":"Nicotinic acid"} +{"instruction":"Ulcer that may develop in burn tissue is -","input":"Choices: ['Marjolins', 'Rodent', 'Melanoma', 'Curlings']","output":"Marjolins"} +{"instruction":"Stiffening of body muscles after death due to ATP depletion: COMEDK 13","input":"Choices: ['Cadaveric spasm', 'Cadaveric rigidity', 'Hypostasis', 'Gas stiffening']","output":"Cadaveric rigidity"} +{"instruction":"Anti-thyroid drug of choice for thyroid storm is:-","input":"Choices: ['Thiocyanates', 'Propylthiouracil', 'Propanolol', 'Radioactive iodine']","output":"Propylthiouracil"} +{"instruction":"Tigered effect in myocardium is due to","input":"Choices: ['Malignant change', 'Fat deposition', 'Seen in rheumatic fever', 'Associated with myocarditis']","output":"Fat deposition"} +{"instruction":"Lateral aberrant thyroid is node from","input":"Choices: ['Papillary cancer', 'Follicular cancer', 'Thyroid lymphoma', 'Medullary cancer']","output":"Papillary cancer"} +{"instruction":"24 hour pH manometery is gold standard investigation for?","input":"Choices: ['Hiatal hernia', \"Barrett's esophagus\", 'Reflux esophagitis', 'Esophageal ulcers']","output":"Reflux esophagitis"} +{"instruction":"A 21 year old lady with a history of hypersensitivity to neostigmine is posted for an elective caesarean section under general anesthesia. The best muscle relaxant of choice in this patient should be:","input":"Choices: ['Pancuronium', 'Atracurium', 'Rocuronium', 'Vecuronium']","output":"Atracurium"} +{"instruction":"NOT a feature of Holt Oram Syndrome is","input":"Choices: ['Absent Radius', 'Atrial septal defect', 'Thrombocytopenia', 'Autosomal dominant inheritance']","output":"Thrombocytopenia"} +{"instruction":"Tocopherol is associated with:","input":"Choices: ['Vitamin A', 'Vitamin E', 'Vitamin K', 'Vitamin D']","output":"Vitamin E"} +{"instruction":"The tumor suppressor gene p 53 induces cell cycle arrest at -","input":"Choices: ['G2- M phase', 'S G2phase', 'G1 phase', 'Go phase']","output":"G1 phase"} +{"instruction":"Thomas test helps to detect -","input":"Choices: ['Adduction deformity of the hip', 'Integrity of the Abductor Mechanism', 'Fixed flexion deformity of the Hip', 'Apparent shortening at the hip Joint']","output":"Fixed flexion deformity of the Hip"} +{"instruction":"Stellate wound is produced with firearm in: Al 09; NEET 13","input":"Choices: ['Contact shot', 'Close shot', 'Range within 60 cm', 'Distant shot']","output":"Contact shot"} +{"instruction":"Most commonly seen Choledochal cyst","input":"Choices: ['Type I', 'Type II', 'Type III', 'Type IV']","output":"Type I"} +{"instruction":"At which level the somites initially form-","input":"Choices: ['Thoracic level', 'Cervical level', 'Lumbar level', 'Sacral level']","output":"Cervical level"} +{"instruction":"Systematic interactive forecasting method for obtaining consensus forecasts from a panel of independent experts:","input":"Choices: ['Delphi method', 'Gaussian method', 'ETE method', 'Mini-Delphi method']","output":"Delphi method"} +{"instruction":"The predominant colonic bacteria are","input":"Choices: ['Largely aerobic', 'Largely anaerobic', 'Bacteroides', 'Staphylococci']","output":"Largely anaerobic"} +{"instruction":"Best prognosis for reversibility is seen in :","input":"Choices: ['lsthmo -- isthmic type', 'Isthmic -- ampullary type', 'Ampullary -- interstitial type', 'Ampullary -- timbrial type']","output":"lsthmo -- isthmic type"} +{"instruction":"Increased level of lipoprotein(a) predisposes to","input":"Choices: ['Liver cirrhosis', 'Atherosclerosis', 'Nephrotic syndrome', 'Pancreatitis']","output":"Atherosclerosis"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is an anti-metabolite?","input":"Choices: ['Methotrexate', 'Cyclosporine', 'Etoposide', 'Vinblastine']","output":"Methotrexate"} +{"instruction":"Maximum Na+ concentration occurs in","input":"Choices: ['Pancreatic secretion', 'Small intestinal secretion', 'Bile', 'Large intestinal secretion']","output":"Bile"} +{"instruction":"A 20 year old foot ball player received a hard kick in the epigastrium. A large cystic swelling appeared in the epigastrium two weeks later. The most likely diagnosis is","input":"Choices: ['Hydatid cyst of liver', 'Amoebic liver abscess', 'Pseudopancreatic cyst', 'Hematoma of rectus sheath']","output":"Pseudopancreatic cyst"} +{"instruction":"A 25-year-old man complaints of low backache, decreased lumbar movements, morning stiffness which clinical examination will fuher help:","input":"Choices: ['Head circumference', 'Chest expansion', 'Hyperextension of joints', 'Plantar arch']","output":"Chest expansion"} +{"instruction":"A 25 year old patient underwent normal vaginal delivery. Postpartum she complains of severe headache and visual changes. What is the the most likely cause","input":"Choices: ['Sheehan syndrome', 'Postpartum depression', 'TIA', 'Amniotic fluid embolism']","output":"Sheehan syndrome"} +{"instruction":"Juvenile justice act defines a juvenile which is","input":"Choices: ['Male below 16 years', 'Female below 16 years', 'Male below 18 years', 'None of the above']","output":"Male below 18 years"} +{"instruction":"The structure that is closely related to the posterior end of the mylohyoid ridge is:","input":"Choices: ['Lingual nerve', 'Inferior alveolar nerve', 'Mylohyoid nerve', 'None of the above']","output":"Lingual nerve"} +{"instruction":"Amifostine protects all of the following except:","input":"Choices: ['CNS', 'Kidneys', 'Salivary glands', 'GIT']","output":"CNS"} +{"instruction":"A patient with low cardiac output is having murmur of mitral regurgitation. CXR and histopathology of Endomyocardial biopsy is shown. Which type of pulse would be present in this case?","input":"Choices: ['Dicrotic pulse', 'Anacrotic pulse', 'Pulsus bisferiens', 'Pulsus paradoxsus']","output":"Dicrotic pulse"} +{"instruction":"At 34 weeks multigravida with previous 2 normal delivery has an unstable lie with the present pregnancy. It can be due to:","input":"Choices: ['Oligohydramnios', 'Placenta pre', 'Pelvic tumor', 'Uterine anomalies']","output":"Placenta pre"} +{"instruction":"The following statements regarding histamine are true, except:","input":"Choices: ['It can be used as a positive control injection during allergy skin testing', 'In the dermis, it evokes pain and sometimes itching', 'Bronchospasm is induced by histamine by blockage of H2 receptors', 'It tends to dilate larger blood vessels']","output":"It tends to dilate larger blood vessels"} +{"instruction":"In \"bounce home\" test of knee joint, end feel is described as all, EXCEPT:","input":"Choices: ['Bony', 'Empty', 'Springy', 'Firm']","output":"Empty"} +{"instruction":"Ectopic rest of normal tissue is known as","input":"Choices: ['Choristoma', 'Hamaoma', 'Pseudotumor', 'Lymphoma']","output":"Choristoma"} +{"instruction":"Subpoena is a kind of -","input":"Choices: ['Decomposed body tissue', 'Designation', 'Document', 'Cou tribunal']","output":"Document"} +{"instruction":"Urinary eosinophilia is a feature of?","input":"Choices: ['Renal vein thrombosis', 'Atheroembolic kidney disease', 'Gaucher disease', 'Myeloma Kidney']","output":"Atheroembolic kidney disease"} +{"instruction":"Negative nitrogen balance is the characteristic feature of which phase of convalescence after surgery?","input":"Choices: ['Catabolic phase', 'Anabolic phase', 'Fat gain phase', 'Tuning point phase']","output":"Catabolic phase"} +{"instruction":"Lethargic hypoglycemic girl neonate with following genital appearance:","input":"Choices: ['Congenital adrenal hyperplasia', 'Ovo-testicular disorder of sexual differentiation', 'Turner syndrome', 'Klinefelter syndrome']","output":"Congenital adrenal hyperplasia"} +{"instruction":"Indication for LSCS in an HIV infected pregnant lady:","input":"Choices: ['Viral load is < 1000 copies HIV - RNA\/mL', 'Viral load is > 1000 copies HIV- RNA \/ mL', 'Viral load is < 2000 copies HIV - RNA \/ mL', 'Viral load is < 50 - 70 copies of HIV - RNA \/ mL']","output":"Viral load is > 1000 copies HIV- RNA \/ mL"} +{"instruction":"Posterior lenticonus is seen in","input":"Choices: ['Alpo syndrome', 'Lowe syndrome', 'Marfan syndrome', 'Homocystinuria']","output":"Lowe syndrome"} +{"instruction":"Wallenberg syndrome involves which aery","input":"Choices: ['Anterior inferior cerebellar aery', 'Posterior inferior cerebellar aery', 'Subclan aery', 'Posterior cerebral aery']","output":"Posterior inferior cerebellar aery"} +{"instruction":"Pulse deficit may be seen in all of the following, Except :","input":"Choices: ['Ventricular Premature Contraction (VPC)', 'Bradyarrhythmias', 'Atrial Fibrillation (AF)', 'Tachyarrhythmias']","output":"Bradyarrhythmias"} +{"instruction":"Action of drug that stimulates carotid is expected to cause:","input":"Choices: ['| In pH of blood', '| pCO2 of arterial blood', '| Urinary Na excretion', '| Plasma C1 concentration']","output":"| pCO2 of arterial blood"} +{"instruction":"All are the advantages of leaving the capsule behind in cataract surgery except:","input":"Choices: ['Prevents cystoid macular edema', 'Decreases endothelial damage', 'Progressively improves vision', 'Decreases chance of retinal detachment']","output":"Progressively improves vision"} +{"instruction":"Poly 'A' tail attached at 31 end of mRNA helps in-","input":"Choices: ['Unwinding of mRNA', 'Stabilization of mRNA', 'Polymerization of mRNA', 'Transcription of mRNA']","output":"Stabilization of mRNA"} +{"instruction":"Most hereditary ovarian cancers result from germline mutations in the","input":"Choices: ['BRCA1 and BRCA2', 'MSH2', 'PMS1', 'MLH1']","output":"BRCA1 and BRCA2"} +{"instruction":"The factories Act (1976) prohibits employment of a person below -","input":"Choices: ['10 years', '14 years', '18 years', '21 years']","output":"14 years"} +{"instruction":"A woman who suffers from frequent and severe migraine headaches has had five children, all of whom have experienced, beginning between the ages of 8 and 12, stroke-like episodes compounded with exercise intolerance and lactic acidosis. The father of the children does not suffer from migraines, nor is he exercise intolerant. A target of a mutation that can explain these findings is most likely which one of the following?","input":"Choices: ['Mitochondrial tRNA', 'Cytoplasmic tRNA', 'Cytochrome c', 'Pyruvate dehydrogenase']","output":"Mitochondrial tRNA"} +{"instruction":"Cause of secondary dysmenorrhea in a young female :","input":"Choices: ['TB', 'Subserous fibroid', 'Endometriosis', 'All']","output":"All"} +{"instruction":"All the following drugs are inducers of cytochrome P450 enzymes except -","input":"Choices: ['Ritonavir', 'Chloral hydrate', 'Isoniazid', 'Ketoconazole']","output":"Ketoconazole"} +{"instruction":"A patient presents with nephrotic syndrome and hypoalbuminemia. Protein binding of which drug is not affected -","input":"Choices: ['Tolbutamide', 'Morphine', 'Diazepam', 'Valproate']","output":"Morphine"} +{"instruction":"Staghorn calculus is made out of: March 2004","input":"Choices: ['Oxalate', 'Phosphate', 'Uric acid', 'Cysteine']","output":"Phosphate"} +{"instruction":"Fishy odour syndrome which of the following is used in treatment","input":"Choices: ['Biotin', 'Thiamine', 'Riboflavin', 'Vit. A']","output":"Riboflavin"} +{"instruction":"Sunflower cataract is seen in -","input":"Choices: [\"Wilson's Disease\", 'Myotonic Dystrophy', 'DM', 'Congenital Rubella']","output":"Wilson's Disease"} +{"instruction":"The following complication is seen in","input":"Choices: ['Diabetes complicating pregnancy', 'Hypeension complicating pregnancy', 'Placenta pre complicating pregnancy', 'Preterm delivery']","output":"Hypeension complicating pregnancy"} +{"instruction":"All of the following infections may be transmitted\nby dental instruments except","input":"Choices: ['HIV', 'Hepatitis C', 'Hepatitis B', 'Hepatitis E']","output":"Hepatitis E"} +{"instruction":"A two months old child presents with epiphora and regurgitation. The most probable diagnosis is:","input":"Choices: ['Mucopurulent conjunctivitis', 'Buphthalmos', 'Congenital dacryocystitis', 'Encysted mucocele']","output":"Congenital dacryocystitis"} +{"instruction":"Supports of uterus are all except","input":"Choices: ['Uterosacral ligaments', \"Mackenrodt's ligament\", 'Broad ligament', 'Levatorani']","output":"Broad ligament"} +{"instruction":"Cause of nephrocalcinosis in granulomatous disorders","input":"Choices: ['Increased calcium in diet', 'Dysregulated production of 1,25-(OH2)', 'Dystrophic calcification', 'Mutation in calcium sensing receptor']","output":"Increased calcium in diet"} +{"instruction":"Natural history of disease can be studied by -","input":"Choices: ['Cross sectional study', 'Ecological study', 'Cohort study', 'RCT']","output":"Cohort study"} +{"instruction":"Chemoprophylaxis in an Englishman visiting chloroquine and mefloquine ersistant malaria region is done with -","input":"Choices: ['Primaquine', 'Doxycycline', 'Amodiaquine', 'Hydroxychloroquine']","output":"Doxycycline"} +{"instruction":"Most common site for lymphoma in AIDS patients is","input":"Choices: ['CNS lesions', 'Spleen', 'Thymus', 'Abdomen']","output":"CNS lesions"} +{"instruction":"Diethylstilbesterol causes the following defects to expect","input":"Choices: ['Incompetent cervix', 'Renal anomalies', 'T saped uterus', 'Vaginal adenosis']","output":"Renal anomalies"} +{"instruction":"On MRI, the differential diagnosis of spinal cord edema is:","input":"Choices: ['Myelodysplasia', 'Myelomalacia', 'Myeloschisis', 'Cord tumors']","output":"Myelomalacia"} +{"instruction":"A 42 year old patient developed acute attack of Asthma. After the management of the acute attack, the patient was referred to the OPD for follow up. Which of the following is not a recommended prophylactic strategy for this patient?","input":"Choices: ['Inhibition of phospholipase A2', 'Blockade of leukotriene receptors', 'Avoidance of antigen exposure', 'Blockade of histamine receptors']","output":"Blockade of histamine receptors"} +{"instruction":"60 year female with tense bulla in lower extremity and subepidermal bullous lesion on microscopy, diagnosis is","input":"Choices: ['Bullous pemphigoid', 'Pemphigus vulgaris', 'Erythema mulforme', 'Dermas herpeformis']","output":"Bullous pemphigoid"} +{"instruction":"All are true about Adenoid hypertrophy except?","input":"Choices: ['Adenoid facies', 'Rhinolalia clausa', 'Apnoca', 'U\/L hearing loss']","output":"U\/L hearing loss"} +{"instruction":"Vein used to bypass the coronary aery","input":"Choices: ['Long saphenous vein', 'Sho saphenous vein', 'Soleal vein', 'Tibial vein']","output":"Long saphenous vein"} +{"instruction":"False about Neurotic disorders","input":"Choices: ['Aware of reality', 'Delusion absent', 'Hallucination absent', 'Loss of insight']","output":"Loss of insight"} +{"instruction":"Symphysiotomy is indicated in :","input":"Choices: ['Contraction of brim', 'Contraction of cavity', 'Contraction of outlet', 'All of these']","output":"Contraction of outlet"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following imaging works based on the principle of piezoelectric effect?","input":"Choices: ['USG', 'X-ray diffraction', 'Xeroradiography', 'MRI']","output":"USG"} +{"instruction":"All of the following are true regarding tetanus except:","input":"Choices: ['It is transmitted from person to person', 'Herd immunity is not of much value', 'The main reservoir is soil and intestine of animals and humans', 'Incubation period is 6-10 days']","output":"It is transmitted from person to person"} +{"instruction":"Which of the billowing is associated with emotional valence and is most likely to be influenced bs motivation -","input":"Choices: ['Attitude', 'Belief', 'Practice', 'Knowledge']","output":"Practice"} +{"instruction":"All is true about Giant cell arteritis except -","input":"Choices: ['Most commonly involved artery is abdominal aorta', 'Involves large to small sized arteries', 'Granulomatous inflammation', 'Segmental nature of the involvement']","output":"Most commonly involved artery is abdominal aorta"} +{"instruction":"A 67 year nude smoker presents with haemoptysis and cough. Bronchoscopic biopsy revealed un-differentiated tumour. The immunohistochemical marker that can be most helpful is-","input":"Choices: ['Calretinin', 'Vimentin', 'Cytokeratin', 'GGt']","output":"Cytokeratin"} +{"instruction":"\"Fried\" Egg Colony is seen in culture of:","input":"Choices: ['Mycoplasma', 'Legionella', 'Chlamydia trachomatis', 'Hemophilus']","output":"Mycoplasma"} +{"instruction":"The most Common site of tubal sterilization is -","input":"Choices: ['Fimbria', 'Isthmus', 'Ampulla', 'Interstitial part']","output":"Isthmus"} +{"instruction":"Fetal biophysical profile used for the assessment of fetal well-being does not includes:","input":"Choices: ['Fetal breathing movements', 'Fetal tone', 'Amount fluid volume', 'Stress test']","output":"Stress test"} +{"instruction":"A 23-year-old woman is noticed to have irregular pupils on routine examination. She has 1 large pupil, which has minimal response to light stimulation, but it does respond to accommodation. The eye movements are normal and she experiences no double vision.For the above patient with a pupillary abnormality, select the most likely diagnosis.","input":"Choices: ['essential anisocoria', 'Horner syndrome', 'tonic pupils (Holmes-Adie syndrome)', 'Argyll Robertson pupils']","output":"tonic pupils (Holmes-Adie syndrome)"} +{"instruction":"Pancreatic juice rich in water & electrolytes, poor in enzymes are secreted by","input":"Choices: ['Secretin', 'Cholecystokinin', 'Pancreatozymin', 'Gastrin']","output":"Secretin"} +{"instruction":"All of the following are essential aminoacids except:","input":"Choices: ['Methionine', 'Lysine', 'Alanine', 'Leucine']","output":"Alanine"} +{"instruction":"Abandoning a child is punishable under which section of IPC ?","input":"Choices: ['320', '317', '323', '84']","output":"317"} +{"instruction":"Multiple black floaters are due to: March 2011","input":"Choices: ['Hemorrhages over retina', 'Paicles in anterior chamber', 'Paicles in vitreous', 'Opacity over cornea']","output":"Paicles in vitreous"} +{"instruction":"A baby is born at 27 weeks of gestation required mechanical ventilation for next 4 weeks & O2 for next 1 week. He maintained at room temperature subsequently. As per new Bronchopulmonary dysplasia definition, he has which of the following –","input":"Choices: ['Mild BPD', 'Moderate BPD', 'Severe BPD', 'No BPD']","output":"Severe BPD"} +{"instruction":"All of the following drugs cause pancreatitis as side effect, EXCEPT:","input":"Choices: ['Captopril', 'Furosemide', 'Valproic acid', 'Didanosine']","output":"Captopril"} +{"instruction":"Caseous necrosis is not found in?","input":"Choices: ['TB', 'Histoplasmosis', 'CMV', 'Syphilis']","output":"CMV"} +{"instruction":"Most potent chemoattracatant is:","input":"Choices: ['Leukotriene B4', 'Leukotriene C4', 'Leukotriene D4', 'Leukotriene E4']","output":"Leukotriene B4"} +{"instruction":"Following is not true regarding summons ?","input":"Choices: ['It is a legal document', 'No conduct money is paid to the doctor in criminal cases', 'Section 61 - 69 CrPC deal with summons', 'None of the above']","output":"None of the above"} +{"instruction":"A patient reported with a complaint of missing maxillary canine, a radiograph was taken, which is shown below. What seems to be the most probable reason for the canine to not erupt?","input":"Choices: ['Congenitally missing canine', 'Complex odontoma blocking the path of eruption of canine', 'AOT blocking the path of eruption of canine', 'Compound odontoma blocking the path of eruption of canine']","output":"Compound odontoma blocking the path of eruption of canine"} +{"instruction":"Mineral toxicity of Manganese produces","input":"Choices: ['Menkes syndrome', 'Impaired immunity', 'Cardiomyopathy', 'Neurologic symptoms resembling those of parkinsonism']","output":"Neurologic symptoms resembling those of parkinsonism"} +{"instruction":"Ataxia telangiectasia is chracterised by all of the following except:","input":"Choices: ['Chronic sinopulmonary disease', 'Decreased level of a-fetoprotein', 'Chromosomal breakage', 'IgA deficiency']","output":"Decreased level of a-fetoprotein"} +{"instruction":"Chorioretinitis is commonly caused by all of the Following except: March 2009","input":"Choices: ['Cryptococcosis', 'Onchocerciasis', 'Cytomegalovirus infection', 'Toxoplasmosis']","output":"Onchocerciasis"} +{"instruction":"Drug contra-Indicated in bilateral renal aery stenosis","input":"Choices: ['Propanolol', 'Guanethidine', 'Captopril', 'Amlodipine']","output":"Captopril"} +{"instruction":"Longest spinous process is for which vertebra:","input":"Choices: ['C7', 'T2', 'C2', 'L3']","output":"C7"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following feature is common to both cytotoxic T-cells and NK cells?","input":"Choices: ['Synthesis of antibody', 'Effective against virus infected cells', 'Requirement of antibodies for action', 'Recognize antigen in association with HLA class II markers']","output":"Effective against virus infected cells"} +{"instruction":"Late Complication of radiotherapy","input":"Choices: ['Nausea', 'Thrombocytopenia', 'Mucositis', 'Erythema']","output":"Mucositis"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following complications is likely to result after several units of blood have been transferred?","input":"Choices: ['Metabolic alkalosis', 'Metabolic acidosis', 'Respiratory alkalosis', 'Respiratory acidosis']","output":"Metabolic alkalosis"} +{"instruction":"Selective α2 agonist is:","input":"Choices: ['Clonidine', 'Prazosin', 'Adrenaline', 'Propranolol']","output":"Clonidine"} +{"instruction":"Drug that is used for fetal lung maturity is","input":"Choices: ['Dexamethasone', 'Folic acid', 'eclomethasone', 'one']","output":"Dexamethasone"} +{"instruction":"Best available option to prevent MRSA infection in a hospital -","input":"Choices: ['Prophylactic antibiotics', 'Fumigation of wards', 'Proper hand washing', 'Use of disinfectants']","output":"Proper hand washing"} +{"instruction":"Structures not removed in radical neck dissectiona) X nerveb) X1 nervec) Tail of parotidd) Parotid and post-auricular nerve","input":"Choices: ['acd', 'bc', 'bd', 'ac']","output":"acd"} +{"instruction":"Peritoneal metastasis in colon cancer is staged as","input":"Choices: ['M1a', 'M1b', 'M1c', 'M1d']","output":"M1c"} +{"instruction":"In which of the following malignacies histological Grade is a good prognostic indicator?","input":"Choices: ['Soft tissue sarcoma', 'Renal cell carcinoma', 'Papillary Thyroid carcinoma', 'Hepatoma']","output":"Soft tissue sarcoma"} +{"instruction":"True statement regarding 'Fistula in ano' is:","input":"Choices: ['Posterior fistulae have straight tracks', 'High fistulae can be operated with no fear of incontinence', 'High and low divisions are made in relation to the pelvic floor', 'Intersphincteric is the most common type']","output":"Intersphincteric is the most common type"} +{"instruction":"A new drug is found to be highly lipid soluble. It is metabolized at a slower rate of 10% per hour. On intravenous injection, it produces general anaesthesia that lasts only for 15 min. This short duration of anaesthesia is due to:","input":"Choices: ['Metabolism of the drug in liver', 'High plasma protein binding of the drug', 'Excretion of drug by kidney', 'Redistribution']","output":"Redistribution"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is a first rank symptom in Schizophrenia?","input":"Choices: ['Delusions', 'Thought insertion', 'Perceptional hallucinations', 'Word salad']","output":"Thought insertion"} +{"instruction":"Not a function of primary health care center: March 2011","input":"Choices: ['Referral services', 'Safe water supply', 'Supervising sample registration system', 'MCH including family planning']","output":"Supervising sample registration system"} +{"instruction":"String sign of kantor is a radiological feature of:","input":"Choices: [\"Crohn's disease\", 'Ulcerative colitis', 'Ileocaecal tuberculosis', 'Ischemic colitis']","output":"Crohn's disease"} +{"instruction":"Corrosion of amalgam restoration:","input":"Choices: ['Can extend upto a depth of 100 - 500 μm', 'Decreases if tin content of alloy increase', 'Is promoted by gama phase of alloy particles', 'Is resisted the most by copper-tin phase in high copper amalgams']","output":"Can extend upto a depth of 100 - 500 μm"} +{"instruction":"Regarding nitric oxide false is","input":"Choices: ['Derived from endothelium', 'Acts by increasing c–AMP levels', 'Vasodilator', 'Derived from arginine']","output":"Acts by increasing c–AMP levels"} +{"instruction":"All are complications of atherosclerosis except?","input":"Choices: ['Ulceration', 'Thrombosis', 'Embolism', 'Necrosis']","output":"Necrosis"} +{"instruction":"Pain is caused by injection of ?","input":"Choices: ['Ketamine', 'Methohexitone', 'Di-isopropyl Alcohol', 'Thiopentonc']","output":"Thiopentonc"} +{"instruction":"Which continues to grow in the lifetime:","input":"Choices: ['Cornea', 'Iris', 'Lens', 'Retina']","output":"Lens"} +{"instruction":"All of the following are seen in active chronic hepatitis B except -","input":"Choices: ['IgM against core antigen', 'Total core antibody', 'HbeAg', 'HbsAg']","output":"IgM against core antigen"} +{"instruction":"Visual field defect seen in pituitary tumour is: March 2012","input":"Choices: ['Bitemporal hemianopia', 'Homonymous hemianopia with macular sparing', 'Binasal hemianopia', 'Homonymous quadrantanopia']","output":"Bitemporal hemianopia"} +{"instruction":"A 35-year-old man is admitted to the hospital after being kicked in the groin while playing football. During physical examination it is noted that the left testicle of the patient is swollen. An MRI examination reveals coagulation of blood in the veins draining the testis. Into which of the following veins would a thrombus most likely pass first from the injured area?","input":"Choices: ['Inferior vena cava', 'Left renal vein', 'Left inferior epigastric', 'Left internal pudendal']","output":"Left renal vein"} +{"instruction":"which of the following tri cyclic antidepressent used in the mangement of nocturnal eneuresis","input":"Choices: ['imipramine', 'fluoxetine', 'bupropion', 'seraline']","output":"imipramine"} +{"instruction":"Yoke muscle of right superior oblique is -","input":"Choices: ['Left Inferior rectus', 'Left Superior rectus', 'Left Inferior Oblique', 'Left Lateral Rectus']","output":"Left Inferior rectus"} +{"instruction":"The most frequent source of infection with Listeria monocytogenes is through which of the following?","input":"Choices: ['Human feces', 'Livestock', 'Raw milk', 'Soil']","output":"Raw milk"} +{"instruction":"All of the following are examples of tumor markers, except-","input":"Choices: ['Alpha-HCG (a-HCG)', 'Alpha-Feto protein', 'Thyroglobulin', 'b2-microglobulin']","output":"Alpha-HCG (a-HCG)"} +{"instruction":"Disputed maternity can be solved by using the following tests except -","input":"Choices: ['Blood grouping', 'HLA typing', 'Precipitin test', 'DNA fingerprinting']","output":"Precipitin test"} +{"instruction":"Criteria for diagnosing SIRS all seen except:","input":"Choices: ['Temp > 38.5 degC or < 36 degC', 'RR > SD above normal for age', 'Children <1 year old persistent bradycardia over 0.5 hour', '>50% immature neutrophils']","output":">50% immature neutrophils"} +{"instruction":"Mineral required for cholesterol biosynthesis ?","input":"Choices: ['Fe', 'Mn', 'Mg', 'Cu']","output":"Mg"} +{"instruction":"The glomus tumour, invasion to the Jugular bub, is diagnosed by","input":"Choices: ['Carotid angiography', 'Vertebral venous angiography', 'X ray', 'Jugular venography']","output":"Jugular venography"} +{"instruction":"Following are common features of malignant gastric ulcer on Barium meal, EXCEPT:","input":"Choices: ['Location on the greater curvature', \"Carman's meniscus sign\", 'Radiating folds which do not reach the edge of the ulcer', 'Lesser curvature ulcer with a nodular rim']","output":"Lesser curvature ulcer with a nodular rim"} +{"instruction":"The condition highlighted by the arrow in the occlusal radiograph in a 8 year old child could be due to:","input":"Choices: ['Non-vital tooth', 'Impacted tooth', 'Ghost tooth', 'Mesiodens']","output":"Mesiodens"} +{"instruction":"Mitochondrial chromosomal abnormality leads to -","input":"Choices: [\"Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy\", 'Angelman syndrome', 'Prader-willi syndrome', 'Myotonic dystrophy']","output":"Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy"} +{"instruction":"Germ theory of disease causation is given by:-","input":"Choices: ['Aristotle', 'Louis Pasteur', 'Robe Koch', 'Patenkofer']","output":"Louis Pasteur"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following laryngeal muscles constitute tensors of vocal cord?","input":"Choices: ['Posterior cricothyroid, internal interarytenoid', 'Lateral cricothyroid, internal interarytenoid', 'Thyroarytenoid, internal interarytenoid', 'Cricothyroid and internal thyroarytenoid']","output":"Cricothyroid and internal thyroarytenoid"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is not a Chest radiographic feature of Left atrial enlargement?","input":"Choices: ['Double Left hea border', 'Elevated Left main bronchus', 'Splaying of carina', 'Enlargement of Left atrial appendage']","output":"Double Left hea border"} +{"instruction":"Nohern blot test is used for?","input":"Choices: ['DNA analysis', 'RNA analysis', 'Analysis of proteins', 'Enzyme analysis']","output":"RNA analysis"} +{"instruction":"Stroke bite lesion are seen in -","input":"Choices: ['Sturge weber syndrome', 'Blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome', 'Macular staining of infant', 'Craniofacial nevus']","output":"Macular staining of infant"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following foramen is responsible for the drainage of CSF from lateral to third ventricle?","input":"Choices: ['Foramen of Monro', 'Foramen of Luschka', 'Foramen of Magendie', 'Cerebral aqueduct']","output":"Foramen of Monro"} +{"instruction":"A 75-year-old male develops a cough that produces blood-tinged sputum. He has a fever of 104degF. Gram-positive cocci in clusters are found in a sputum smear. A chest x-ray shows increased density in the right upper lobe. Of the following penicillins, which is most likely to be ineffective?","input":"Choices: ['Oxacillin', 'Cloxacillin', 'Ticarcillin', 'Nafcillin']","output":"Ticarcillin"} +{"instruction":"A 32 year old female with a history of 2 mid-trimester abortions, comes now with 32 weeks of pregnancy and labour pains with Os dilated 2 cm. All are done, except:","input":"Choices: ['Immediate circlage', 'Betamethasone', 'Antibiotics', 'Tocolytics']","output":"Antibiotics"} +{"instruction":"Most common mode of treatment of a 1 year old child with asthma is -","input":"Choices: ['Inhaled sho acting beta 2 agonist', 'Oral sho acting theophylline', 'Oral ketotifen', 'Leukotriene agonist']","output":"Inhaled sho acting beta 2 agonist"} +{"instruction":"Most common disease caused by CMV in post-bone-marrow transplant patients -","input":"Choices: ['Pyelonephritis', 'Meningitis', 'Pneumonia', 'Gl ulceration']","output":"Pneumonia"} +{"instruction":"Salk vaccine is a -","input":"Choices: ['Live vaccine', 'Live attenuated vaccine', 'Killed vaccine', 'Toxoid']","output":"Killed vaccine"} +{"instruction":"Which is the best way to manage a patient present with aspirin poisoning","input":"Choices: ['Make urine acidic with NH4G1', 'Make urine alkaline with NaHCO3', 'Treat with N-acetyl cysteine', 'Do gastric lavage']","output":"Make urine alkaline with NaHCO3"} +{"instruction":"Which bone is not useful for sex determination?","input":"Choices: ['Pelvis', 'Skull', 'Clavicle', 'Femur']","output":"Clavicle"} +{"instruction":"Deep sulcus sign is seen in","input":"Choices: ['Pneumothorax', 'Pleural effusion', 'Tuberculosis', 'Pneumonia']","output":"Pneumothorax"} +{"instruction":"Conditions associated with thymoma are all except?","input":"Choices: ['Myasthenia gravis', \"Cushing's syndrome\", 'SIADH', 'Hypogammaglobulinemia']","output":"SIADH"} +{"instruction":"Shape and size of the teeth are determined by which stage:","input":"Choices: ['Initiation.', 'Apposition.', 'Morphodifferentiation.', 'Histodifferentiation.']","output":"Morphodifferentiation."} +{"instruction":"To differentiate between stress incontinence and detrusor instability investigation done is","input":"Choices: ['Cystosurethroscopy', 'Urodynamic study', 'MCU', 'Retograde urethroscopy']","output":"Urodynamic study"} +{"instruction":"The hormone which links the obesity and puberty","input":"Choices: ['Growth hormone', 'Thyroid hormone', 'Leptin', 'Ghrelin']","output":"Leptin"} +{"instruction":"Pugilistic attitude is seen in:","input":"Choices: ['Drowning', 'Burns', 'Lightening', 'Hanging']","output":"Burns"} +{"instruction":"Oculomotor nerve palsy show all of the following except -","input":"Choices: ['Ptosis', 'Inability of lateral gaze', 'Paralysis of accommodation', 'Upward gaze not possible']","output":"Inability of lateral gaze"} +{"instruction":"\"Going white overnight,\" is feature of:","input":"Choices: ['Vitiligo', 'Alopecia areata', 'Anagen effluvium', 'Albinism']","output":"Alopecia areata"} +{"instruction":"Lowest recurrence in nocturnal enuresis is seen with-","input":"Choices: ['Bed alarms', 'Desmopressin', 'Imipramine', 'Oxybutynin']","output":"Bed alarms"} +{"instruction":"The transmission of HIV-1 transplacentally is ?","input":"Choices: ['10-20%', '20-30%', '30-40 %', '40-50%']","output":"30-40 %"} +{"instruction":"Bilateral destruction of auditory cortex in man causes","input":"Choices: ['Almost total deafness', 'Hearing defect for higher frequency sounds', 'Deficiency in interpretation of sounds', 'Inability for the orientation of sounds']","output":"Deficiency in interpretation of sounds"} +{"instruction":"ACE inhibitor contraindicated in which of the following condition:","input":"Choices: ['Bilateral renal artery stenosis', 'Chronic kidney disease', 'Post myocardial infarction', 'Diabetes mellitus']","output":"Bilateral renal artery stenosis"} +{"instruction":"Sulphur containing amino acid is\/are","input":"Choices: ['Aspartic acid', 'Glutamine', 'Methionine', 'Glycine']","output":"Methionine"} +{"instruction":"Yuzpe method is used in :","input":"Choices: ['Post coital hormonal regime', 'Intrauterine contraceptive method', 'Post coital intrauterine contraceptive device', 'Tukal ligation']","output":"Post coital hormonal regime"} +{"instruction":"Sixth cranial nerve lies at?","input":"Choices: ['Midbrain', 'Pons', 'Medulla', 'Cerebellum']","output":"Pons"} +{"instruction":"Diveiculum most common site is-","input":"Choices: ['Sigmoid colon', 'Ileum', 'Ascending colon', 'Transverse colon']","output":"Sigmoid colon"} +{"instruction":"A 26 years old man came with complaints of pain in abdomen with few episodes of haematuria. On examination, patient's BP is 160\/100 mm of Hg. Patient is refractory to standard antihypeensive drugs. On renal Doppler, parvus tardus pattern was seen. Subsequently, CT renal angiogram was done. This condition as shown below may occur in all of the following except?","input":"Choices: ['Atherosclerosis', 'FMD', 'Takayasu aeritis', 'PAN']","output":"PAN"} +{"instruction":"A 46-year-old patient comes to doctor's OPD with complains of chest pain and headache. His computed tomography (CT) scan reveals a tumor located just superior to the root of the right lung. Blood flow in which of the following veins is most likely blocked by this tumor?","input":"Choices: ['Hemiazygos vein', 'Arch of the azygos vein', 'Right subclan vein', 'Right brachiocephalic vein']","output":"Arch of the azygos vein"} +{"instruction":"Pneumothorax is best demonstrated by taking a radiograph, with patient in:","input":"Choices: ['Mid inspiration', 'End expiration', 'Full inspiration', 'Supine']","output":"End expiration"} +{"instruction":"Lymphangitis is caused by :","input":"Choices: ['Staphylococcus', 'Streptococci', 'Pneumococii', 'Neisseria']","output":"Streptococci"} +{"instruction":"Most common cause of sporadic encephalitis -","input":"Choices: ['EBV', 'HSV', 'Poliovirus', 'CMV']","output":"HSV"} +{"instruction":"Maxillary prominence develops in","input":"Choices: ['1st pharyngeal arch', '1st pharyngeal groove', '1st pharyngeal pouch', '1st pharyngeal membrane']","output":"1st pharyngeal arch"} +{"instruction":"Most common site for the osteoporotic veebral fracture is ?","input":"Choices: ['Dorsolumbar spine', 'Cervical spine', 'Lumbosacral spine', 'Dorsal spine']","output":"Dorsolumbar spine"} +{"instruction":"A 24 years old farm worker is rushed to, a nearby emergency department after an accidental exposure to parathion. Which of the following drugs can be given to increase the activity of his acetyl cholinesterase:","input":"Choices: ['Atropine', 'Dimercaprol', 'Physostigmine', 'Pralidoxime']","output":"Pralidoxime"} +{"instruction":"Free water clearance is positive when urine is","input":"Choices: ['Dilute', 'Concentrate', 'Isotonic', 'Any of the above']","output":"Dilute"} +{"instruction":"True about gap junctions are all, except -","input":"Choices: ['Transmit electric signals', 'Allow ions to pass', 'Intercellular space 1000 nm', 'Seen in cardiac muscle']","output":"Intercellular space 1000 nm"} +{"instruction":"Endometrial Ca with poor prognosis:","input":"Choices: ['Adeno grade 2', 'Adenosquamous', 'Adenoacanthoma', 'Clear cell']","output":"Clear cell"} +{"instruction":"The cell membrane consists of various components, including integral proteins. These integral proteins","input":"Choices: ['Are not attached to the outer leaflet', 'Are not attached to the inner leaflet', 'Include transmembrane proteins', 'Are preferentially attached to the surface']","output":"Include transmembrane proteins"} +{"instruction":"Breech presentation is mostly mistaken for :","input":"Choices: ['Face presentation', 'Brow', 'Shoulder', 'Veex']","output":"Face presentation"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following inhibits both gastric acid secretion and motility?","input":"Choices: ['Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP)', 'Gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP)', 'Somatostatin', 'Ghrelin']","output":"Gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP)"} +{"instruction":"All of the following statements about laryngomalacia are true, Except","input":"Choices: ['It is the most common congenital anomaly of the larynx', 'It is associated with an omega shaped epigloititis', 'Stridor is increased on crying and relieved on lying prone', 'Surgical Tracheostomy is the treatment of choice']","output":"Surgical Tracheostomy is the treatment of choice"} +{"instruction":"Nasopharyngeal chordoma originates from:","input":"Choices: ['Torus tubarius', \"Rathke's pouch\", 'Notochord', 'Pharyngeal bursa']","output":"Notochord"} +{"instruction":"Reverse split S2 is seen in -","input":"Choices: ['Aoic stenosis', 'Aoic stenosis', 'Pulonary aery hypeension', 'Pulmonary stenosis']","output":"Aoic stenosis"} +{"instruction":"The cyst is `deroofed' and the surrounding periosteum\nsutured to the margins of the cyst wall in","input":"Choices: ['Decortication', 'Marsupialisation', 'Saucerization', 'Enucleation']","output":"Marsupialisation"} +{"instruction":"Daltroban is antagonist of ?","input":"Choices: ['Angiotensin', 'Nitric oxide', 'Thromboxane A2', 'Oxytocin']","output":"Thromboxane A2"} +{"instruction":"False regarding Bochdalek hernia is -","input":"Choices: ['Spleen and kidney can herniate', 'Occurs posterolaterally', 'Always occurs on right side', 'Hernia may or may not have sac']","output":"Always occurs on right side"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is the classic CT appearance of an acute subdural hematoma –","input":"Choices: ['Lentiform–shaped hyperdense lesion', 'Cresent–shaped hypodense lesion', 'Cresent–shaped hyperdense lesion', 'Lentiform–shaped hypodense lesion']","output":"Cresent–shaped hyperdense lesion"} +{"instruction":"Smallpox vaccine was introduced by:","input":"Choices: ['Paul Ehrlich', 'Robert Koch', 'Louis Pasteur', 'Edward Jenner']","output":"Edward Jenner"} +{"instruction":"A woman is a carrier for an X-linked disease. The disease frequency in the population is 1 in 2,000. What fraction of women in this population are carriers for this particular disease?","input":"Choices: ['1 in 500', '1 in 1,000', '1 in 1,500', '1 in 2,000']","output":"1 in 1,000"} +{"instruction":"Most common dental injuries:","input":"Choices: ['Crown fracture', 'Root fracture', 'Luxation injuries.', 'None of the above']","output":"Luxation injuries."} +{"instruction":"Organ which is commonly involved in Retroperitoneal fibrosis is","input":"Choices: ['Large intestine', 'Pancreas', 'Ureter', 'Kidney']","output":"Ureter"} +{"instruction":"The following local anesthetic raises BP instead of tending to cause a fall?","input":"Choices: ['Cocaine', 'Dibucaine', 'Lignocaine', 'Procaine']","output":"Cocaine"} +{"instruction":"Long term administration of glucocoicoids can cause all of the following except?","input":"Choices: ['Proximal myopathy', 'Hyperkalemia', 'Hypeension', 'Cataract']","output":"Hyperkalemia"} +{"instruction":"Water is a poor conductor of electricity because it is","input":"Choices: ['Non ionised', 'Neutral solution', 'Low specific gravity', 'High specific gravity']","output":"Non ionised"} +{"instruction":"Bifid ribs, multiple radiolucent lesions of the jaws, multiple basal cell nevi and falx cerebri calcification are found in","input":"Choices: ['Basal cell nevus syndrome', 'Sturge weber syndrome', 'Horner syndrome', 'Hereditary internal polyposis']","output":"Basal cell nevus syndrome"} +{"instruction":"Consumptive coagulopathy is most commonly found in?","input":"Choices: ['Abruption placenta', 'IUCD', 'Dead fetus', 'Retained products of conception']","output":"Abruption placenta"} +{"instruction":"All of the following are true for the Adie's Tonic Pupil except:","input":"Choices: ['Light reflex is present', 'Near reflex is very slow and tonic', 'It is usually unilateral', 'The affected pupil is larger']","output":"Light reflex is present"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is found in secondary granules of neutrophils","input":"Choices: ['Catalase', 'Gangliosidase', 'Proteolytic enzyme', 'Lactoferrin']","output":"Lactoferrin"} +{"instruction":"Premature ovarian insufficiency is defined as hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and amenorrhea arising before the age of","input":"Choices: ['40 years', '45 years', '50 years', '55 years']","output":"40 years"} +{"instruction":"A 27 year old sexually active male develops a vesiculobullous lesion on the glans soon after taking tablet paracetamol for fever. The lesion healed with hyperpigmentation. The most likely diagnosis is -","input":"Choices: [\"Behcet's syndrome\", 'Herpes genitalis', 'Fixed drug eruption', 'Pemphigus vulgaris']","output":"Fixed drug eruption"} +{"instruction":"All of the following are examples of a round cell tumor, except:","input":"Choices: ['Neuroblastoma', \"Ewing's sarcoma\", 'Medulloblastoma', 'haemangioblastoma']","output":"haemangioblastoma"} +{"instruction":"The decibels above which auditory fatigue occurs is","input":"Choices: ['60 db', '70 db', '85 db', '140 db']","output":"85 db"} +{"instruction":"Reassoment is seen in aEUR'","input":"Choices: ['Astronovirus', 'Rotavirus', 'Hepadnavirus', 'Herpesvirus']","output":"Rotavirus"} +{"instruction":"Bifidus factor present in breast milk protects against:","input":"Choices: ['Enteroamoeba histolytica', 'Giardia lamblia', 'Salmonella', 'Vibrio cholerae']","output":"Salmonella"} +{"instruction":"A 61-year-old man was hit by the cricket bat in the mid-humeral region of his left arm. Physical examination reveals an inability to extend the wrist and loss of sensation on a small area of skin on the dorsum of the hand proximal to the first two fingers. What nerve supplies this specific region of the hand?","input":"Choices: ['Radial', 'Posterior interosseous', 'Lateral antebrachial cutaneous', 'Medial antebrachial cutaneous']","output":"Radial"} +{"instruction":"Following virus is of poxvirus -","input":"Choices: ['Variola', 'Coxsackie', 'ECHO', 'HSV']","output":"Variola"} +{"instruction":"Causes of macrocephaly include all of the following except","input":"Choices: ['Rickets', 'Neuro fibromatosis', 'Canavan disease', 'Congenital CMV']","output":"Congenital CMV"} +{"instruction":"During normal conversation sound heard at 1meter distance is","input":"Choices: ['60 dB', '80 dB', '90 dB', '120 dB']","output":"60 dB"} +{"instruction":"Shell teeth are more common in the_______type of dentinogenesis imperfecta(According to Sheild's classification)","input":"Choices: ['Type 1', 'Type 2', 'Type 3', 'Type 4']","output":"Type 3"} +{"instruction":"A 30 year old man had sexual exposure to a commercial sex worker, develops a painless indurated ulcer on gland after 3 weeks. Diagnosis is -","input":"Choices: ['Syphilis', 'Chancroid', 'HSV', 'Traumatic']","output":"Syphilis"} +{"instruction":"A 50 years old male presents with massive splenomegaly. His differential diagnosis will include, except -","input":"Choices: ['CML', 'Polycythemia vera', 'Hairy cell leukemia', 'Aplastic anemia']","output":"Aplastic anemia"} +{"instruction":"Current concepts of \"evaluating health care\" require a scientific basis for treatment referred as:","input":"Choices: ['Evidence based therapy', 'Periodontal maintenance', 'Tooth mortality', 'Prevention of loss of attachment']","output":"Evidence based therapy"} +{"instruction":"All true about interaction of reading of spo2 and methemoglobinaemia, except-","input":"Choices: ['MetHb absorbs red and infrared wavelength of light in a 1:1 ratio corresponding', 'Increase in Methb produce an underestimation when spo2 > 70%', 'Increase in Met Hb produce an overestimation when spo2 <70%', 'Does not get affected in Methemoglobinaemia']","output":"Does not get affected in Methemoglobinaemia"} +{"instruction":"5 year old child with watery diarrhea for 7 days, on examination, weight = 10 kg, hanging skin folds with normal skin pinch, Sodium in ORS should be -","input":"Choices: ['45 meq\/Lit', '60 meq\/Lit', '75 meq\/Lit', '90 meq\/Lit']","output":"75 meq\/Lit"} +{"instruction":"In severe aoic stenosis true finding is","input":"Choices: ['Late systolic ejection click', 'Heaving with outward apex', 'ST segment changes in ECG', 'Loud S2']","output":"ST segment changes in ECG"} +{"instruction":"Seddon's Classification all are true except:","input":"Choices: ['Complete anatomic division of nerve is classified as Neurotmesis', \"Axonotmesis has Tinel's sign positive and progressive\", 'Neurotmesis has complete recovery with\/without surgical intervention', 'Saturday night palsy involves radial nerve']","output":"Neurotmesis has complete recovery with\/without surgical intervention"} +{"instruction":"Treatment of tobacco addiction - a) Nicotine b) Bupropion c) Mecanylate d) Dopamine e) Adenine","input":"Choices: ['ab', 'bc', 'ac', 'ad']","output":"ab"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is TRUE about stapedial reflex?","input":"Choices: ['Involves a spinal reflex', \"Invariably the first manifestation of Meniere's disease\", 'Protects from loud noises', 'Is a polysynaptic reflex']","output":"Protects from loud noises"} +{"instruction":"Poosystemic shunt is not sent in","input":"Choices: ['Liverpool', 'Spleen', 'Anorectum', 'Gastrointestinal Esophageal']","output":"Spleen"} +{"instruction":"Commonest histological finding in benign hypertension is","input":"Choices: ['Proliferative endarteritis', 'Necrotizing arteriolitis', 'Hyaline arteriosclerosis', 'Cystic medial necrosis']","output":"Hyaline arteriosclerosis"} +{"instruction":"Double apical impulse is seen in-","input":"Choices: ['Myocardial infarction', 'Tricuspic regurgitition', 'aoic stenosis', 'cardiac tamponade']","output":"aoic stenosis"} +{"instruction":"During which phase' of cell cycle the cellular Content of DNA is doubled","input":"Choices: ['Mitotic phase', 'G1phase', 'G2 phase', 'Sphase']","output":"Sphase"} +{"instruction":"A patient was on lithium therapy for bipolar disorder for 6 months. She kept fast for few days due to religious reasons and presented with coarse tremors, abdmoninal pain, nausea, dizziness & confusion. Which of the following should be done to assess her condition?","input":"Choices: ['S. electrolyte', 'S. lithium levels', 'ECG', 'MRI']","output":"S. lithium levels"} +{"instruction":"All of the following may occur in own's syndrome except –","input":"Choices: ['Hypothyroidism', 'Undescended testis', 'Ventricular septal defect', \"Brushfield's spots\"]","output":"Undescended testis"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following statements is true about thermoreceptor?","input":"Choices: ['They are activated only by severe cold or severe heat', 'They are located on superficial layers of the skin', 'They are on dendritic endings of A fibers and C fibers', 'All of the above']","output":"All of the above"} +{"instruction":"Alternative for SMR:","input":"Choices: ['Tympanoplasty', 'Septoplasty', 'Caldwell-Luc operation', 'Turboplasty']","output":"Septoplasty"} +{"instruction":"A man loses his right hand in a farm accident, four years later, he has episodes of severe pain in the missing hand (phantom limb pain). A detailed PET scan study of his cerebral cortex might be expected to show","input":"Choices: ['Expansion of the right hand area in his right somatic sensory area I (SI)', 'Expansion of the right hand area in his left SI', 'Projection of fibre from neighboring sensory areas into the right hand area of his right SI.', 'Projection of fibers from neighbouring sensory areas into the right hand area of his left SI']","output":"Projection of fibers from neighbouring sensory areas into the right hand area of his left SI"} +{"instruction":"The most common cause of superficial thrombophlebitis is:","input":"Choices: ['Intravenous catheters\/infusion', 'DVT', 'Varicose veins', 'Trauma']","output":"Intravenous catheters\/infusion"} +{"instruction":"All of the\tfollowing\tare\tdental\tcharacteristics of a\nskeletal class III malocclusion, except:","input":"Choices: ['Anterior cross bite', 'Distocclusion', 'Linguoversion of the mandibular molars', 'Posterior cross bite']","output":"Distocclusion"} +{"instruction":"Dried semen stain in clothes is identified by","input":"Choices: ['UV light', 'Spectroscopy', 'Magnifying lens', 'Infra red']","output":"UV light"} +{"instruction":"Anatomical snuffbox is formed by all except -","input":"Choices: ['Abductor pollicis longus', 'Extensor pollicis longus', 'Extensor pollicis brevis', 'Extensor carpi radialis']","output":"Extensor carpi radialis"} +{"instruction":"Branchial cyst develops from-","input":"Choices: ['2nd branchial cleft', 'Is brachial arch', 'IIP arch', 'IV1h arch']","output":"2nd branchial cleft"} +{"instruction":"Type of collagen found in cailage:","input":"Choices: ['Type I', 'Type II', 'Type III', 'Type IV']","output":"Type II"} +{"instruction":"A young lady was admitted after taking overdose of diazepam after broken affair, she has history of slitting her wrist previously. Most likely diagnosis:","input":"Choices: ['Narcisstic personality disorder', 'Dependent personality disorder', 'Borderline personality disorder', 'Histrionic personality disorder']","output":"Borderline personality disorder"} +{"instruction":"Calculate the minute ventilation from the spirogram assuming the respiratory rate as 12\/min","input":"Choices: ['1 L\/min', '2 L\/min', '4 L\/min', '6 L\/min']","output":"6 L\/min"} +{"instruction":"Blood is flowing through a circuit with an inflow pressure of 100 mm Hg and an outflow pressure of 10 mm Hg. Each of the parallel circuits (R1, R2, R3, R4 and R5) has a resistance of 5 mm Hg\/mL\/min. What is the blood flow across this circuit?","input":"Choices: ['3.6 ml\/min', '45 ml\/min', '90 ml\/min', '135 ml\/min']","output":"90 ml\/min"} +{"instruction":"In which of the following a 'Coeur en Sabot' shape of the hea is seen:","input":"Choices: ['Tricuspid atresia', 'Ventricular septal defect', 'Transposition of great aeries', 'Tetralogy of Fallot']","output":"Tetralogy of Fallot"} +{"instruction":"HMB45 is an marker for:","input":"Choices: ['Melanoma', 'Synol sarcoma', 'Rhabdomyosarcoma', 'Neurofibroma']","output":"Melanoma"} +{"instruction":"Decrease in serum iron and decrease TIBC is seen in-","input":"Choices: ['Iron deficiency anemia', 'Thalassemia', 'Anemia of chronic disease', 'Sideroblastic anemia']","output":"Anemia of chronic disease"} +{"instruction":"Browne's tube is used for -","input":"Choices: ['Steam sterilization', 'Radiation', 'Chemical sterilization', 'Filtration']","output":"Steam sterilization"} +{"instruction":"Jet-black spots in the retina are seen in: September 2008","input":"Choices: ['Retinoblastoma', 'Diabetic retinopathy', 'Retinitis pigmentosa', 'Hypeensive retinopathy']","output":"Retinitis pigmentosa"} +{"instruction":"Osmotic damage is operative in all of the following complications of diabetes mellitus EXCEPT","input":"Choices: ['The formation of cataracts', 'Insulin receptor deficiency', 'Microaneurysms in retinal vessels', 'Peripheral neuropathy']","output":"Insulin receptor deficiency"} +{"instruction":"A person met with knife injury to face and resultant damage to facial nerve. It leads to impaired\/decreased secretion from","input":"Choices: ['Sublingual gland', 'Lacrimal gland', 'Parotidgland, sublingual gland and submandibular gland', 'None']","output":"None"} +{"instruction":"Following an attack of myocardial infarction the mortality and morbidity of the patient is indicated by","input":"Choices: ['Ventricular extra systole', 'left ventricular ejection fraetion', 'Duration of syneope', 'Percentage of narrowness of coronary artery']","output":"left ventricular ejection fraetion"} +{"instruction":"All are used in treatment of Guillain-Barre syndrome except:","input":"Choices: ['IV Ig', 'Plasmapheresis', 'Ventilatory support', 'Corticosteroids']","output":"Corticosteroids"} +{"instruction":"A 76-year-old female presents with complaints of difficulty reading. Ophthalmologic examination is remarkable for bilateral, white opacifications in her eyes, consistent with cataract formation. In which of the following structures are the opacifications located?","input":"Choices: ['Aqueous humor', 'Cornea', 'Lens', 'Optic nerve']","output":"Lens"} +{"instruction":"All are false except","input":"Choices: ['Sweat glands are most numerous on back & least on sole', 'Palm & sole sweat glands are last to appear', 'Sweat duct produce isotonic sweat', 'Hypothalmic preoptic nucleus has key role in sweating']","output":"Hypothalmic preoptic nucleus has key role in sweating"} +{"instruction":"The earliest identifiable cells of T-Cell lineage during maturation are","input":"Choices: ['CD7+ Pro-T-Cells', 'CD4+ Pre-T-Cells', 'CD8+ Pro-T-Cells', 'CD8+ Pre-T-Cells']","output":"CD7+ Pro-T-Cells"} +{"instruction":"DEC provocation test is done in:","input":"Choices: ['Filariasis', 'Strongyloidiasis', 'Taeniasis', 'Trichuriasis']","output":"Filariasis"} +{"instruction":"Which is not included in NVBDCP","input":"Choices: ['Dengue', 'Malaria', 'Japanese encephalis', 'Plague']","output":"Plague"} +{"instruction":"Superinfection is common in:","input":"Choices: ['Narrow spectrum antibiotics', 'Immunocompromised host', 'Low spectrum antibiotics', 'Nutritional deficiency']","output":"Immunocompromised host"} +{"instruction":"The most characteristic manifestation of megaloblastic anaemia","input":"Choices: ['Macrocytosis', 'Hyper segmented neutrophils', 'Basophilic stippling', 'Cabot ring']","output":"Macrocytosis"} +{"instruction":"Amino acid used in the synthesis of purines ?","input":"Choices: ['Glycine', 'Ornithine', 'Alanine', 'Threonine']","output":"Glycine"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following represents the best method in diagnosing medullary cystic disease of the kidney?","input":"Choices: ['Ultrasound', 'Nuclear scan', 'Urography', 'Biopsy']","output":"Biopsy"} +{"instruction":"After heart attack CK-MB levels rises most significantly around","input":"Choices: ['4-10 hrs', '3-6 hrs', '24 hrs', '48 hrs']","output":"4-10 hrs"} +{"instruction":"All are true about Thoraco-lumbar fascia except-","input":"Choices: ['Attachment to the body of lumbar vertebra', 'Origin to the transversus and internal oblique muscles', 'Lumbar part situated in the interval between the iliac crest and the 12th rib', 'Attachment to the transverse process of lumbar vertebra']","output":"Attachment to the body of lumbar vertebra"} +{"instruction":"The probable cause of sudden death in a case superficial Injury to neck is :","input":"Choices: ['Injury to phrenic nerve', 'Air embolism through external jugular vein', 'Bleeding from subclavian artery', 'Injury to trachea']","output":"Air embolism through external jugular vein"} +{"instruction":"The most common toxin causing Dilated Cardiomyopathy is:","input":"Choices: ['Alcohol', 'Chemotherapeutic agents', 'Heavy metal', 'Occupational exposure']","output":"Alcohol"} +{"instruction":"First product of purine metabolism","input":"Choices: ['Uric acid', 'Xanthine', 'P-alanine', 'CO2']","output":"Xanthine"} +{"instruction":"Glucose transpoer in myocyte stimulated by insulin is:","input":"Choices: ['GLUT 1', 'GLUT 2', 'GLUT 3', 'GLUT 4']","output":"GLUT 4"} +{"instruction":"Starch is a:","input":"Choices: ['Polysaccharide', 'Disaccharide', 'Protein', 'None of these']","output":"Polysaccharide"} +{"instruction":"Substance playing a role in tumor metastasis cascade is","input":"Choices: ['Collagenase IV', 'TNF-alpha', 'CD99', 'NM23']","output":"Collagenase IV"} +{"instruction":"Specific for albinism -","input":"Choices: ['Red reflex', 'Decreased visual activity', 'Photophobia', 'Nystagmus']","output":"Red reflex"} +{"instruction":"Phagocytic function is assessed by -","input":"Choices: ['Proloiferative response to mitogen', 'Reduction of NBT (Nitroblue tetrazolium test)', 'Serum immunoglobulin assay', 'Skin test with purified protein derivative']","output":"Reduction of NBT (Nitroblue tetrazolium test)"} +{"instruction":"Aerial supply to putamen includes all except","input":"Choices: ['Medial striate aeries', 'Lateral striate aeries', 'Anterior choroidal aery', 'Posterior communicating aery']","output":"Posterior communicating aery"} +{"instruction":"A child has respiratory infection with membrane over Peritonsillar area. Swab was taken from the local area. The appropriate media for culture is -","input":"Choices: ['L.J. media', 'Blood tellurite media', 'Cary media', 'Loeffler serum slope']","output":"Blood tellurite media"} +{"instruction":"Chemoprophylaxis can be done for all of the following infections, except:","input":"Choices: ['Typhoid', 'Cholera', 'Meningitis', 'Diphtheria']","output":"Typhoid"} +{"instruction":"A patient was found to have pink coloured skin and mucosa, bitter almond smell from breath and frothy discharge. Cause of death in this patient;","input":"Choices: ['Cyanide poisoning', 'CO poisoning', 'H2S poisoning', 'Datura poisoning']","output":"Cyanide poisoning"} +{"instruction":"Schizophrenia false is","input":"Choices: ['3rd person auditory hallucination', 'Inappropriate emotions', 'Sustained mood changes', 'Formal thought disorder']","output":"Sustained mood changes"} +{"instruction":"Definitive test for the diagnosis of neonatal sepsis is?","input":"Choices: ['Blood culture', 'Urine culture', 'Immature:Total neutrophil ratio', 'Sepsis screen']","output":"Blood culture"} +{"instruction":"Left ventricular hypertrophy is caused by all except","input":"Choices: ['MS', 'MR', 'AS', 'AR']","output":"MS"} +{"instruction":"Which among the following hormone can be used as an indicator for ovarian reserve in a patient who presented with infeility?","input":"Choices: ['FSH', 'LH\/FSH ratio', 'LH', 'Estrogen']","output":"FSH"} +{"instruction":"The recommended oral dose of vitamin A to be given in a 10-month child with deficiency on each of day 1, 2 and 28 is __________","input":"Choices: ['50,000 IU', '1,00,000 IU', '2,00,000 IU', '6,00,000 IU']","output":"1,00,000 IU"} +{"instruction":"Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) which plays an impoant role in graft rejection is present on chromosome:","input":"Choices: ['Sho arm of chromosome 6', 'Long arm of chromosome 6', 'Sho arm of chromosome 3', 'Long arm of chromosome 3']","output":"Sho arm of chromosome 6"} +{"instruction":"The following statements about breast milk are true except-","input":"Choices: ['The maximum milk output is seen at 12 months', 'The coefficient of uptake of iron in breast milk is 70%', \"Calcium absorption of human milk is better that that of cow's milk\", 'It provides about 65 k cals per 100 ml']","output":"The maximum milk output is seen at 12 months"} +{"instruction":"The normal range of AFI is","input":"Choices: ['2 to 8cm', '5 to 8cm', '2 to 24cm', '5 to 24cm']","output":"5 to 24cm"} +{"instruction":"All the following are true regarding blood supply to the kidney, except:","input":"Choices: ['Stellate veins drain superficial zone', 'It is a type of portal-circulation', 'The renal artery divides into five segmental arteries before entering the hilum', 'Its segmental arteries are end-arteries']","output":"It is a type of portal-circulation"} +{"instruction":"In 3 x 3 table, degree of freedom is -","input":"Choices: ['2', '4', '9', '16']","output":"4"} +{"instruction":"Ebstein's anomaly may be a complication of which drug when used during first trimester of pregnancy:","input":"Choices: ['Sodium valproate', 'Lamotrigine', 'Lithium carbonate', 'Carbamazepine']","output":"Lithium carbonate"} +{"instruction":"The electron flow in cytochrome C oxidase can be blocked by","input":"Choices: ['Rotenone', 'Antimycin-A', 'Cyanide', 'Actinomycin']","output":"Cyanide"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following are pathological hallmark of Alzheimer&;s disease","input":"Choices: ['Intercellular Lewy Bodies', \"Intracellular Pick's Bodies\", 'Extracellular Beta Amyloid Plaques', 'Extracellular Neurofibrillary Tangles']","output":"Extracellular Beta Amyloid Plaques"} +{"instruction":"Tardieu spots are seen in?","input":"Choices: ['Cyanide poisoning', 'Mechanical asphyxia', 'Cobra bite', 'Organophosphate poisoning']","output":"Mechanical asphyxia"} +{"instruction":"For thoracocentesis needle should be inseed along?","input":"Choices: ['lower border of upper rib', 'upper border of lower rib', 'sternum', 'parallel to the rib']","output":"upper border of lower rib"} +{"instruction":"True about cavernous sinus thrombosis","input":"Choices: ['Pupils are dilated', 'Enophthalmos', 'Unilateral', 'Slow onset']","output":"Pupils are dilated"} +{"instruction":"Water content in infant","input":"Choices: ['60-70 %', '75-80 %', '80-90 %', '> 90%']","output":"75-80 %"} +{"instruction":"A 20 year old woman with past history of enteric fever 4 months back presents with diffuse hair loss for 1 month. The likely cause is:","input":"Choices: ['Androgenic alopecia', 'Telogen effluvium', 'Anageneffuvium', 'Alopecia areata']","output":"Telogen effluvium"} +{"instruction":"What is the color-coding of bag in hospitals to dispose off human anatomical wastes such as body parts?","input":"Choices: ['Black', 'Yellow', 'Red', 'Blue']","output":"Yellow"} +{"instruction":"Barrette's oesophagus is diagnosed by","input":"Choices: ['Squamous metaplasia', 'Intestinal metaplasia', 'Squamous dysplasia', 'Intestinal dysplasia']","output":"Intestinal metaplasia"} +{"instruction":"Anterior vitreous cells are least likely to be found in","input":"Choices: ['CMV', 'Serpiginous Choroidopathy', 'Chronic cyclitis', 'Retinitis pigmentosa']","output":"Retinitis pigmentosa"} +{"instruction":"Signature fracture of skull is seen in -","input":"Choices: ['Gutter fracture', 'Depressed fracture', 'Ring fracture', 'Sutural separation']","output":"Depressed fracture"} +{"instruction":"In a hemoglobin molecule which of the following is a homologous substitution for valine?","input":"Choices: ['Isoleucine', 'Glutamic acid', 'Phenylalanine', 'Lysine']","output":"Glutamic acid"} +{"instruction":"Reduced blink reflex occurs in all except","input":"Choices: ['Alcohol intoxication', 'Parkinsonism', 'Progressive supranuclear palsy', 'Myasthenia gravis']","output":"Myasthenia gravis"} +{"instruction":"Atropine as preanesthesia has all effects except –","input":"Choices: ['Decrease secretion', 'Bronchoconstriction', 'Prevent bradycardia', 'Prevent hypotension']","output":"Bronchoconstriction"} +{"instruction":"A child with unilateral nasal obstruction along with a mass in cheek and profuse & recurrent epistaxis:","input":"Choices: ['Juvenile Nasal angiofibroma', 'Glomus tumour', 'Antrochoanal polyp', 'Rhinolith']","output":"Juvenile Nasal angiofibroma"} +{"instruction":"A young pregnant mother at 32 weeks gestation presents in preterm labor. Antenatal steroid to induce fetal lung maturity is indicated in all of the following conditions, EXCEPT:","input":"Choices: ['Prolonged rupture of membranes for more than 24 hrs', 'Pregnancy induced hypeension', 'Diabetes mellitus', 'Chorioamnionitis']","output":"Chorioamnionitis"} +{"instruction":"One of the following is a sure sign of rape -","input":"Choices: ['Ruptured hymen in a girl aged 20 years', 'Presence of semen in the posterior fornix in a girl age 20 years', 'Presence of semen in the posterior fornix in a girl age 14 years', 'Presence of semen in the posterior fornix in a married girl age 16 years']","output":"Presence of semen in the posterior fornix in a girl age 14 years"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following subtypes of ADHD is common in girls?","input":"Choices: ['Hyperactive Type', 'Impulsive Type', 'Inattentive Type', 'Autistic Type']","output":"Inattentive Type"} +{"instruction":"History of lucid interval is present in","input":"Choices: ['EDH', 'SAH', 'ICH', 'Rupture of aneurysm']","output":"EDH"} +{"instruction":"Gastric lavage is contraindicated in poisoning by -","input":"Choices: ['Kerosene', 'Morphine', 'Barbiturates', 'Cyanide']","output":"Kerosene"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is not an appropriate material for composite hand instruments:","input":"Choices: ['Teflon', 'Teflon coated material.', 'Stainless steel.', 'Non metallic.']","output":"Stainless steel."} +{"instruction":"Cribriform plate forms-","input":"Choices: ['Roof of olfactory region', 'Floor of olfactory region', 'Nasal septum', 'All of the above']","output":"Roof of olfactory region"} +{"instruction":"A child with history of recurrent throat infrctions presents with hematuria and proteinuria with the last infection being 3 weeks back. The diagnosis is-","input":"Choices: [\"Berger's disease\", 'Henoch Schonlein purpura', 'Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis', 'Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis']","output":"Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis"} +{"instruction":"Hypersplenism is associated with-","input":"Choices: ['Pancytopenia', 'Thrombocytopenia', 'Leukopenia', 'Polycythemia']","output":"Pancytopenia"} +{"instruction":"All are true about Barrett's esophagus, EXCEPT:","input":"Choices: ['Specialised columnar metaplasia', 'Major risk factor for adenocarcinoma esophagus', 'Screening endoscopy is required in all patients with GERD symptoms', 'Endoscopic biopsy is the gold standard for confirmation']","output":"Screening endoscopy is required in all patients with GERD symptoms"} +{"instruction":"Greatest amount of cranial growth occurs by:","input":"Choices: ['Birth to five years', '5 — 6 years', '6 — 7 years', '7 — 10 years']","output":"Birth to five years"} +{"instruction":"An old lady came with complaint of pain in left calf region. A diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) was made and she was put on warfarin therapy. After 3 months, she was brought to hospital with complaint of nose bleed which automatically stopped in few minutes. Her lab repos show INR of 7.0. To avoid hemorrhage, what to do next in addition to discontinuation of the drug?","input":"Choices: ['Desmopressin', 'Vitamin K1', 'Factor VIII', 'Protamine sulfate']","output":"Vitamin K1"} +{"instruction":"In leprous neuritis, there is a) Intracutaneous thickening of the nerve b) Facial palsy c) Occurs in warm and moist areas d) Palpable peripheral nerves are present e) > 10 lesions may be found","input":"Choices: ['abde', 'abd', 'abcd', 'acd']","output":"abde"} +{"instruction":"True statements about ions composition in body","input":"Choices: ['Intracellular & Extracellular ions compositions are same', 'Phosphorus and Mg++ are major ions intracellularly', 'Na+, Cl- principal ions in E.C.F.', 'Kidney tightly regulates Na+, K+, Cl- composition']","output":"Na+, Cl- principal ions in E.C.F."} +{"instruction":"Most common type of emphysema","input":"Choices: ['Panacinar emphysema', 'Irregular emphysema', 'Centriacinar emphysema', 'Paraseptal emphysema']","output":"Centriacinar emphysema"} +{"instruction":"What is the interpretation of the given cervix biopsy of 50 yr old lady? NOT RELATED-PATHO","input":"Choices: ['CMV infection', 'Cervical carcinoma', 'Carcinoma in situ', 'HPV induced koilocytosis']","output":"Carcinoma in situ"} +{"instruction":"Gaint 'a' waves in JVP occur in all except","input":"Choices: ['Junctional rhythm', 'Pulmonary hypeension', 'Tricuspid regurgitation', 'Complete hea block']","output":"Tricuspid regurgitation"} +{"instruction":"Deep injury of neck always involves","input":"Choices: ['Platysma', 'Trapezius', 'Sternocleidomastoid', 'Longus colli']","output":"Platysma"} +{"instruction":"A 20 yrs adult presents with severe hypo plastic anemia. what is most effective treatment -","input":"Choices: ['α - interferon', 'IL -2', 'ATG therapy', 'Bone marrow transplant']","output":"Bone marrow transplant"} +{"instruction":"Brain is presented for study in?","input":"Choices: ['10% formalin', '20% formalin', '30% formalin', '40% formalin']","output":"10% formalin"} +{"instruction":"Growth of virus in embryonated egg, eggs are incubated for -","input":"Choices: ['4-8 hours', '1-2 days', '5-12 days', '20-25 days']","output":"5-12 days"} +{"instruction":"Stain used for pneumocystis carinii is:(1994)","input":"Choices: ['Methylene blue', 'Gram stain', 'Hematoxylin and eosin', 'Methenamine silver']","output":"Methenamine silver"} +{"instruction":"Propranolol is useful in the treatment of all of the following except","input":"Choices: ['Angina', 'Paial atrioventricular block', 'Idiopathic hyperophic subaic cardiomyopathy', 'Familial tremor']","output":"Paial atrioventricular block"} +{"instruction":"\"Tuberculate spores\" are characteristic features of-","input":"Choices: ['Candida', 'Histoplasma', 'Coccidioidomycosis', 'Cryptococcus']","output":"Histoplasma"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following type of hypersensitivity reactions is found in blood transfusion reaction","input":"Choices: ['Anaphylactic type', 'Cytotoxic type', 'Type 3 hypersensitivity', 'Cell mediated hypersensitivity']","output":"Cytotoxic type"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is not true about anti fungal drugs","input":"Choices: ['Amphotercin B is given only parenteralky', 'Griesofulvin is effective orally', 'Cyclopirox olamine is effective in systemic mycosis', 'Flucanazole is effective orally as well as iv']","output":"Cyclopirox olamine is effective in systemic mycosis"} +{"instruction":"55yr old man with dementia was given a natural alkaloid which of the following?","input":"Choices: ['Tacrine', 'Donepezil', 'Galantamine', 'Rivastigmine']","output":"Galantamine"} +{"instruction":"Trench fever is caused by which of the following organisms?","input":"Choices: ['Rickettssia prowazeki', 'Borrelia recurrentis', 'Rickettssia quintana', 'Tunga penetrans']","output":"Rickettssia quintana"} +{"instruction":"The involvement of the L5 Nerve Root can affect all of the below movements, except?","input":"Choices: ['Adduction of the Thigh', 'Flexion of the Knee', 'Extension of the Great Toe', 'Extension of the Knee']","output":"Adduction of the Thigh"} +{"instruction":"Proposed number of female health workers at subcenter according to IPHS norms.","input":"Choices: ['1', '2', '3', '4']","output":"2"} +{"instruction":"A person wakes up in night frightned with remembring fearful dreams. Diagnosis is -","input":"Choices: ['Narcolepsy', 'Nightmares', 'Night terrors', 'Somnambulism']","output":"Nightmares"} +{"instruction":"The procedure involving maximum tooth structure removal is:","input":"Choices: ['Enameloplasty', 'Air abrasion', 'Preventive resin restoration', 'Prophylactic odontotomy']","output":"Prophylactic odontotomy"} +{"instruction":"Apgar stands for: (Asked twice in exam)","input":"Choices: ['Attitude pulse grimace activity respiratory effort', 'Attitude pulse grimace appearance respiratory effort', 'Appearance pulse grimace activity respiratory effort', 'Appearance pulse grimace attitude respiratory effort']","output":"Appearance pulse grimace activity respiratory effort"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is the most common location of hypeensive hemorrhage?","input":"Choices: ['Pons', 'Thalamus', 'Putamen\/external capsule', 'Subcoical white matter']","output":"Putamen\/external capsule"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is the normal arrangement of lingual nerve and vessels in the tongue from medial to lateral","input":"Choices: ['Nerve, Artery and vein', 'Artery, Nerve and vein', 'Vein, Artery and Nerve', 'Nerve, Artery']","output":"Artery, Nerve and vein"} +{"instruction":"The phenomenon of suspended animation may be seen in :","input":"Choices: ['Throttling', 'Drowning', 'Strangulation', 'Brain hemorrhage']","output":"Drowning"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following condition is associated with Gottron's sign?","input":"Choices: ['Dermatomyositis', 'SLE', 'Scleroderma', 'MCTD']","output":"Dermatomyositis"} +{"instruction":"Motor supply to the muscles of the tongue is by:","input":"Choices: ['Hypoglossal nerve', 'Facial nerve', 'Lingual nerve', 'Glossopharyngeal nerve']","output":"Hypoglossal nerve"} +{"instruction":"Most common nerve injured in facelift surgery is","input":"Choices: ['Zygomatic branch of the facial nerve', 'Greater auricular nerve', 'Mandibular branch of facial nerve', 'Frontal branch of facial nerve']","output":"Frontal branch of facial nerve"} +{"instruction":"HIV in children, characteristic finding is :","input":"Choices: ['Kaposi sarcoma is common', 'Recurrent candidiasis', 'Recurrent chest infection', 'Cryptococcal diarrhoea is common']","output":"Recurrent chest infection"} +{"instruction":"How to differentiate between staphylococci and micrococci?","input":"Choices: ['Catalase test', 'Modified Oxidase test', 'Gram staining', 'AFS']","output":"Modified Oxidase test"} +{"instruction":"All the following drugs are used in the treatment of metastatic breast cancer except:","input":"Choices: ['Ixabepilone', 'Abemaciclib', 'Ribociclib', 'Sunitinib']","output":"Sunitinib"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following statements is false about Familial polyposis coli?","input":"Choices: ['It is autosomal dominant condition leading to multiple polyp formation in colon.', 'There is 100 percent risk of carcinoma in polyps', 'There are hamaomatous polyps which should be atleast 80 polyps for diagnosis', 'Gardner syndrome is colonic polyposis associated with osteomas,fibromatosis & cutaneous cysts']","output":"There are hamaomatous polyps which should be atleast 80 polyps for diagnosis"} +{"instruction":"Structurally, heparin is :","input":"Choices: ['Homopolysaccharide', 'Heteropolysaccharide', 'Glycoprotein', 'Mucoprotein']","output":"Heteropolysaccharide"} +{"instruction":"A 3 year old child was brought to a physician, his mother was complaining of cranky child who does not eat well and does not sleep well too. On general examination, his teeth were several decayed and had signs of malnutrition. The doctor refer him to a pedodontist.\nIn the first appointment, the dentist will","input":"Choices: ['Start the endodontic treatment of the grossly decayed', 'Examinate the teeth and take radiography', 'Extract the root pieces', 'Start the restoration of decayed teeth']","output":"Examinate the teeth and take radiography"} +{"instruction":"Which one of the following insecticides is commonly used for ultra low volume fogging –","input":"Choices: ['Abate', 'DDT', 'Paris green', 'Malathion']","output":"Malathion"} +{"instruction":"A patient presents with a headache which he describes as the worst of his life. NCCT was done. All are true about the condition except:","input":"Choices: ['Xanthochromic CSF', 'Prolonged QT interval', 'Most common cause of death is re-bleeding', 'Nimodipine is drug of choice']","output":"Most common cause of death is re-bleeding"} +{"instruction":"In myositis ossificans mature bone is seen:","input":"Choices: ['At periphery', 'In center', 'Whole muscle mass', 'In the joint capsule']","output":"At periphery"} +{"instruction":"Nerve involved in foot drop is?","input":"Choices: ['Deep peroneal', 'Common peroneal', 'Anterior tibial', 'Posterior tibial']","output":"Common peroneal"} +{"instruction":"Craniopharyngiomas are basically","input":"Choices: ['Tumors resembling osteomas', \"Tumors derived from Rathke's Pouch\", 'Tumors similar to glottis cancer', 'Adenocarcinomas']","output":"Tumors derived from Rathke's Pouch"} +{"instruction":"Parathyroid adenoma most commonly involves which of the following sites:--","input":"Choices: ['Thyroid substance', 'Superior parathyroid lobe', 'Inferior parathyroid lobe', 'In the mediastinum']","output":"Inferior parathyroid lobe"} +{"instruction":"Wof is a non-ergotamine dopamine agonist that shows agonism at D2,D3 and D4 receptors","input":"Choices: ['Pergolide', 'Benserazide', 'Ropinirole', 'Bromocriptine']","output":"Ropinirole"} +{"instruction":"CHARGE Syndrome includes?","input":"Choices: ['Choanal atresia', 'Coloboma of eye', 'Ear anomalies', 'All of above']","output":"All of above"} +{"instruction":"which of the following drug doesnot come in to ATRIPLA regimen ?","input":"Choices: ['tenofovir', 'lamivudine', 'eerinz', 'nevirapine']","output":"nevirapine"} +{"instruction":"Capsicum seed can be confused with ?","input":"Choices: ['Strychnine', 'Dhatura', 'Risinus', 'Opiun']","output":"Dhatura"} +{"instruction":"A 60-year old female presented with decreased movements for the last 2 years with rigidity and veical large square wave jerks. The most likely diagnosis is:","input":"Choices: [\"Parkinson's disease\", 'Lewy body dementia', 'Multisystem atroph', 'Progressive supranuclear palsy']","output":"Progressive supranuclear palsy"} +{"instruction":"Organ transplant in twin -","input":"Choices: ['Isograft', 'Allograft', 'Autograft', 'Xenograft']","output":"Isograft"} +{"instruction":"Contractile dysfuncation seen in which type of cardiomyopathy?","input":"Choices: ['Dilated cardiomyopathy', 'Restrcited cardiomyopathy', 'Hyperophic cardiomyopathy', 'Infiltrative cardiomyopathy']","output":"Dilated cardiomyopathy"} +{"instruction":"Telephone scotologia is","input":"Choices: ['Exhibitionism', 'Voyeurism', 'Frotteurism', 'Fetishism']","output":"Exhibitionism"} +{"instruction":"A person met with knife injury to face & resultant damage to facial nerve. It leads to impaired decreased secretion rom:","input":"Choices: ['Parotid gland', 'Sublingual gland', 'Lacrimal gland', 'None']","output":"None"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is a major criteria for diagnosis of Rheumatic fever (RF) according to modified Jones criteria","input":"Choices: ['Subcutaneous nodules', 'Past history of Rheumatic fever', 'Fever', 'ASO titre']","output":"Subcutaneous nodules"} +{"instruction":"Regarding Cause of fatty liver, true statement about pathogenesis is:","input":"Choices: ['Decreased beta oxidation of fat', 'Decreased triglycerides', 'Decreased fatty acid mobilization', 'Increased catabolism']","output":"Decreased beta oxidation of fat"} +{"instruction":"TGF-β is involved in all of the process of angiogenesis except:","input":"Choices: ['Stimulates fibroblast migration and proliferation', 'Formation of the vascular lumen', 'Increases the synthesis of collagen', 'Decreases the degradation of ECM']","output":"Formation of the vascular lumen"} +{"instruction":"The similarity between Vit C & Vit K is","input":"Choices: ['Both help in conversion of proline to hydroxyproline', 'Both help in post-translational modification', 'Both have anti infective activity', 'Both are involved in coagulation cascade']","output":"Both help in post-translational modification"} +{"instruction":"Myositis ossificans is due to:","input":"Choices: ['Ossification', 'New bone formation', 'Ossification of subperiosteal haematoma', 'All of the above']","output":"All of the above"} +{"instruction":"A 27 year old sexually active male develops a vesiculobullous lesion on the glans soon after taking tablet paracetamol for fever. The lesion healed with hyperpigmentation. The most likely diagnosis is –","input":"Choices: [\"Behcet's syndrome\", 'Herpes genitalis', 'Fixed drug eruption', 'Pemphigus vulgaris']","output":"Fixed drug eruption"} +{"instruction":"True about dystrophic calcification is:","input":"Choices: ['This is the most frequent type of pathologic calcification.', 'In the mouth, areas of dystrophic calcification may frequently be found in the gingiva, tongue or cheek.', 'One of the most common intraoral dystrophic calcifications is found in the pulp of teeth.', 'All of the above.']","output":"All of the above."} +{"instruction":"Cryptococcus can be readily demonstrated by ?","input":"Choices: [\"Albe's stain\", 'India ink stain', \"Giema's stain\", \"Gram's stain\"]","output":"India ink stain"} +{"instruction":"Risk factors for Alzheimer's include:-","input":"Choices: ['Klinefelter syndrome', 'Noonam syndrome', \"Down's syndrome\", 'Turner syndrome']","output":"Down's syndrome"} +{"instruction":"Defective phagolysosome formation is a feature of ___________.","input":"Choices: ['Chronic granulomatus disease', 'Chediak-Higashi syndrome', 'Fanconi Anemia', 'Ataxia telangiectasia']","output":"Chediak-Higashi syndrome"} +{"instruction":"In quaternary structure, subunits are linked by:","input":"Choices: ['Peptide bonds', 'Disulphide bonds', 'Covalent bonds', 'Non-covalent bonds']","output":"Non-covalent bonds"} +{"instruction":"According to biomedical waste rule 2016, incineration\/deep burial\/plasma pylorysis is done for bag having colour code:","input":"Choices: ['Blue', 'Red', 'Yellow', 'White']","output":"Yellow"} +{"instruction":"Diffusion hypoxia is seen during:","input":"Choices: ['Induction of anaesthesia', 'Recovering anaesthesia', 'Preoperatively', 'Postoperatively']","output":"Recovering anaesthesia"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is MOST commonly involved in retroperitoneal fibrosis?","input":"Choices: ['Aoa', 'Ureter', 'Inferior vena cava', 'Sympathetic nerve plexus']","output":"Ureter"} +{"instruction":"A young girl has had repeated infections with Candida albicans and respiratory viruses since the time she was 3 months old. As pa of the clinical evaluation of her immune status, her responses to routine immunization procedures should be tested. In this evaluation, the use of which of the following vaccines is contraindicated?","input":"Choices: ['Diphtheria toxoid', 'Bordetella peussis vaccine', 'Tetanus toxoid', 'BCG']","output":"BCG"} +{"instruction":"In grand rapid survey (1945) of water fluoridation, which city was used as control?","input":"Choices: ['Kingston', 'Muskegon', 'Oakpark', 'Evanston']","output":"Muskegon"} +{"instruction":"Chymotrypsinogen is a:","input":"Choices: ['Transaminase', 'Carboxypeptidase', 'Clot lysing protein', 'Zymogen']","output":"Zymogen"} +{"instruction":"Boy with IQ of 62 will come under","input":"Choices: ['Mild MR', 'Moderate MR', 'Severe MR', 'Normal']","output":"Mild MR"} +{"instruction":"True statements about the twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome include which of the following?","input":"Choices: ['The donor twin develops hydramnios more often than does the recipient twin', 'Gross differences may be observed between donor and recipient placentas', 'The donor twin usually suffers from a hemolytic anemia', 'The donor twin is more likely to develop widespread thromboses']","output":"Gross differences may be observed between donor and recipient placentas"} +{"instruction":"Site of knot in classical hanging is ?","input":"Choices: ['Nape of neck', 'Right side of neck', 'Left side of neck', 'Below the chin']","output":"Nape of neck"} +{"instruction":"Intra uterine hydronephrosis of 32-34 weeks- management-","input":"Choices: ['Intrauterine drainage', 'Wait until 3 weeks', 'Immediate delivery', 'Require serial USG and other associated anomalies']","output":"Require serial USG and other associated anomalies"} +{"instruction":"Pulmonary artery pressure is-","input":"Choices: ['120\/80 mm Hg', '25\/0 mm Hg', '25\/8 mm Hg', '120\/0 mm Hg']","output":"25\/8 mm Hg"} +{"instruction":"Pseudo-hemoptysis is seen mostly with","input":"Choices: ['Streptococcus', 'E. coli', 'Serratia Marcescens', 'R.S.V']","output":"Serratia Marcescens"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following develop first during dependence of a substance -","input":"Choices: ['Tolerance', 'Physical dependence', 'Psychological dependence', 'Withdrawal symptoms']","output":"Psychological dependence"} +{"instruction":"Monoprotic acid are","input":"Choices: ['Formic acid', 'Acetic acid', 'Nitric acid', 'All']","output":"All"} +{"instruction":"Broca's area is located in?","input":"Choices: ['Superior frontal gyrus', 'Inferior frontal gyrus', 'Cingulate sulcus', 'Insula']","output":"Inferior frontal gyrus"} +{"instruction":"A 40 YR OLD MAN , WORKING IN FARM PRESENTED WITH HEADACHE MALASIE SENSE OF TIGHTNESS DIMNESS OF VISION . ON EXAMINATION PUPILS WERE SHOWN AS BELOW ? WHAT IS TH EDIAGNOSIS ?","input":"Choices: ['LEAD POISONING', 'ORGANO PHOSPHOROUS', 'NICKLE POISONING', 'COCIANE']","output":"ORGANO PHOSPHOROUS"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is not a feature of red infarction? September 2010","input":"Choices: ['Venous occlusion', 'Occurs in organs having dual circulation', 'Occurs in solid organs', 'Occurs in previously congested tissues']","output":"Occurs in solid organs"} +{"instruction":"A 60-year-old man who worked for 30 years in a chemical factory complains of blood in his urine. Urine cytology discloses dysplastic cells. A bladder biopsy demonstrates transitional cell carcinoma. Which of the following carcinogens was most likely involved in the pathogenesis of bladder cancer in this patient?","input":"Choices: ['Aniline dyes', 'Arsenic', 'Benzene', 'Cisplatinum']","output":"Aniline dyes"} +{"instruction":"The first epiphyseal centre appears in:","input":"Choices: ['Femur', 'Cuboid', 'Ossicles', 'Clavicle']","output":"Femur"} +{"instruction":"Most impoant buffer in interstitial fluid:","input":"Choices: ['Phosphate', 'Bicarbonate', 'Histidine', 'Protein']","output":"Bicarbonate"} +{"instruction":"True statement about obesity -","input":"Choices: ['Dexenfluramine is drug of choice', 'Sibutramine is only or epinephrine uptake inhibitor', 'According to WHO body mass index greater then 25 is overweight', 'Long term effect of orlistat is known']","output":"According to WHO body mass index greater then 25 is overweight"} +{"instruction":"Decrease in cell size refers to","input":"Choices: ['Atrophy', 'Metaplasia', 'Hyperplasia', 'Hyperophy']","output":"Atrophy"} +{"instruction":"Shoest acting NDMR","input":"Choices: ['Succinyl choline', 'Rapac uroni um', 'Atracurium', 'Pancuronium']","output":"Rapac uroni um"} +{"instruction":"All of the following disease show Mitochondrial diseases except","input":"Choices: ['Leigh syndrome', \"Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy\", 'Myoclonic epilepsy', \"Huntington's disease\"]","output":"Huntington's disease"} +{"instruction":"Tissue schizontocide which prevents relapse of vivax malaria -","input":"Choices: ['Quinine', 'Primaquine', 'Pyrimethamine', 'Chloroquine']","output":"Primaquine"} +{"instruction":"In Nulliparous, cervical opening is :","input":"Choices: ['Longitudinal', 'Circular', 'Transverse', 'Fimbriated']","output":"Circular"} +{"instruction":"All of the following statements concerning methods limiting family size, are true, except :","input":"Choices: ['Women who do not breastfeed are much more likely to become pregnant than those who do', 'Globally the number of tubectomies far exceeds the number of vasectomies', 'The barrier methods (condoms and diaphragms) are perhaps the most effective at limiting family size', 'All anovulatory drugs are paicularly likely to cause effects in women over 35 years of age and women who smoke']","output":"The barrier methods (condoms and diaphragms) are perhaps the most effective at limiting family size"} +{"instruction":"The hardness of Hard water (in mg\/L) is","input":"Choices: ['<50', '50-100', '150-300', '>300']","output":"150-300"} +{"instruction":"Intrahepatic cholestasis is seen in -","input":"Choices: ['Galactosemia', 'Hypercalcemia', 'Haemochromatosis', 'All']","output":"Galactosemia"} +{"instruction":"The energy for muscle contraction is supplied by the enzymatic hydrolysis of ATP by ATPase present in:","input":"Choices: ['Heavy meromyosin', 'Light meromyosin', 'Tropomyosin', 'Troponin']","output":"Heavy meromyosin"} +{"instruction":"Selective medium for shigella ?","input":"Choices: ['Chocolate agar', 'BYCE medium', 'Hektoen agar', 'EMJH medium']","output":"Hektoen agar"} +{"instruction":"Teau D' organge appearance of the mammary skin is due to :","input":"Choices: ['Intra-epithelial cancer', 'Sub-epidermal cancer', 'Lymphatic permeation', 'Vascular embolisation']","output":"Lymphatic permeation"} +{"instruction":"Juxtaglomerular apparatus lies in relation to","input":"Choices: ['Proximal convoluted tubule', 'Ascending loop of Henle', 'Descending loop of Henle', 'Glomerulus']","output":"Glomerulus"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following local anaesthetics belongs to the ester group ?","input":"Choices: ['Procaine', 'Bupivacaine', 'Lignocaine', 'Mepivacaine']","output":"Procaine"} +{"instruction":"Tibial and common peroneal nerve supplies the muscle (FMGE Dec 2018)","input":"Choices: ['Gracilis', 'Biceps femoris', 'Adductor longus', 'Adductor magnus']","output":"Biceps femoris"} +{"instruction":"BCG is","input":"Choices: ['Live attenuated vaccine', 'Killed vaccine', 'Toxoid', 'Immunosuppressant agent']","output":"Live attenuated vaccine"} +{"instruction":"Preload is determined by -","input":"Choices: ['Enddiastolic volume', 'Endsystolic volume', 'Ventricular ejection volume', 'None of the above']","output":"Enddiastolic volume"} +{"instruction":"An appendicular fistula is least likely to heal if -","input":"Choices: ['The stump was sutured with vicryl', 'There is stenosis\/narrowing of the sigmoid colon', 'Superadded infection', 'None']","output":"There is stenosis\/narrowing of the sigmoid colon"} +{"instruction":"Strawberry skin appearance of the nasal mucosa is seen in\/which of the following?","input":"Choices: ['Wegener granulomatosis', 'Sarcoidosis', 'Kawasaki disease', 'Rhinosporidiosis']","output":"Rhinosporidiosis"} +{"instruction":"Pseudo Cushing's syndrome is seen in?","input":"Choices: ['Obesity', 'Alcoholism', 'Depression', 'All of the above']","output":"All of the above"} +{"instruction":"True regarding endothelin-1 are all except","input":"Choices: ['Bronchodilatation', 'Vasoconstriction', 'Decreased GFR', 'Has inotropic effect']","output":"Bronchodilatation"} +{"instruction":"Xerophthalmia can be caused by: March 2010","input":"Choices: ['Steven-Johnson syndrome', 'Vitamin A deficiency', 'Sulfa drugs', 'All of the above']","output":"All of the above"} +{"instruction":"Highest chance of success in renal transplant is seen when the donor is the -","input":"Choices: ['Identical twin', 'Father', 'Mother', 'Sister']","output":"Identical twin"} +{"instruction":"Mechanism of action of donepezil is:","input":"Choices: ['Centrally acting reversible anticholinesterase', 'Centrally acting irreversible anticholinesterase', 'Irreversible cholinergic action', 'Reversible anticholinesterase']","output":"Centrally acting reversible anticholinesterase"} +{"instruction":"All the following are associated with pulmonary eosinophilic pneumonia,except","input":"Choices: ['ABPA', \"Loeffler's pneumonia\", 'Churg Strauss syndrome', \"Wegner's granulomatosis\"]","output":"Wegner's granulomatosis"} +{"instruction":"Stearic acid is added in impression compound for","input":"Choices: ['Increased Plasticity Of Material', 'Increased Flow Of Material', 'Decreased Flow Of Material', 'Decreased Plasticity Of Material']","output":"Increased Plasticity Of Material"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following statement regarding the blood supply of different pas esophagus is NOT TRUE?","input":"Choices: ['Inferior thyroid aery supplies the cervical pa', 'Bronchial aeries and descending thoracic aoa supplies the thoracic pa', 'Right gastric aery and right inferior phrenic aery supplies the abdominal pa', 'None of the above']","output":"Right gastric aery and right inferior phrenic aery supplies the abdominal pa"} +{"instruction":"False about mescaline","input":"Choices: ['Obtained from Mexican peyote cactus', 'Contains four alkaloids', 'Used in a drink called mescal buttons', 'Recently discovered drug with hallucinogenic action']","output":"Recently discovered drug with hallucinogenic action"} +{"instruction":"Stage of 16 cells is","input":"Choices: ['Embryo', 'Morula', 'Zygote', 'Blastocyst']","output":"Morula"} +{"instruction":"All of the following are Antibiotic Sensitivity testing except","input":"Choices: ['Agar dilution', 'Epsilometer test', 'Tube dilution', 'Culture dilution']","output":"Culture dilution"} +{"instruction":"which of the following anti depresent is a RIMA","input":"Choices: ['meclobemide', 'phenelezine', 'seraline', 'fluoxetine']","output":"meclobemide"} +{"instruction":"High copper amalgam can be produced","input":"Choices: ['From smooth atomized particles', 'From irregular and spherical particles', 'From lathe cut particles', 'From traditional alloy particles']","output":"From irregular and spherical particles"} +{"instruction":"The frequently occuring value in a data is","input":"Choices: ['Median', 'Mode', 'Standard detion', 'Mean']","output":"Mode"} +{"instruction":"A 5-year-old boy has peculiar facial features, enlarged head, hepatosplenomegaly, protuberant abdomen, breathing difficulty with obstructive sleep apnea, and cardiac valve thickening. What is the likely diagnosis?","input":"Choices: [\"Hurler's disease\", 'Hunters disease', 'Fragile X syndrome', 'Tay-Sachs disease']","output":"Hunters disease"} +{"instruction":"Retrospective evaluation of medical performance is known as -","input":"Choices: ['Medical audit', 'Medical evaluation', 'Performance evaluation', 'Professional screening']","output":"Medical audit"} +{"instruction":"Penile erection is due to:-","input":"Choices: ['Reflex sympathetic action on the aerioles', 'Parasympathetic impulses causes dilatation of aerioles', 'Reflex sympathetic activity on venules', 'Reflex parasympathetic activity on the venules']","output":"Parasympathetic impulses causes dilatation of aerioles"} +{"instruction":"Alpha 1 blocker used for BHP is:","input":"Choices: ['Tamsolusin', 'Prazosin', 'Oxazosin', 'Dolazoline']","output":"Tamsolusin"} +{"instruction":"Coicospinal tract lesion leads to","input":"Choices: ['Spaticity', 'Extensor plantar response', 'Exaggerated tendon reflexes', 'All of the above']","output":"All of the above"} +{"instruction":"Sun flower cataract is seen in -","input":"Choices: ['Galactosemia', 'Injuries', 'Laurence Moon Biedel syndrome', \"Wilson's disease\"]","output":"Wilson's disease"} +{"instruction":"A most common cause of death due to burns in the early period is?","input":"Choices: ['Sepsis', 'Hypovolemic shock', 'Both', 'None']","output":"Hypovolemic shock"} +{"instruction":"Muscae volitantes are seen in -","input":"Choices: ['Vitreous detachment', 'Vitreous hemorrhage', 'Remains of primitive hyaloid vasculature', \"Eale's disease\"]","output":"Remains of primitive hyaloid vasculature"} +{"instruction":"All of the following are the known causes of osteoporosis except -","input":"Choices: ['Fluorosis', 'Hypogonadism', 'Hypehyroidism', 'Hyperparathyroidism']","output":"Fluorosis"} +{"instruction":"A 50 yr old male presents with obstructive symptoms. Biopsy of stomach reveals Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST). Which is the most appropriate marker for GIST?","input":"Choices: ['CD 34', 'CD 117', 'CD 30', 'CD 10']","output":"CD 117"} +{"instruction":"Following instrument is used for","input":"Choices: ['Bladder cathetrization', 'Control upper GI bleed', 'Central line', 'Aerial embolectomy']","output":"Aerial embolectomy"} +{"instruction":"True about Thyroglossal tract\/cyst.","input":"Choices: ['Diverticulum attached to base of tongue', 'Treatment is Sistrunk operation', 'Enucleate cyst along with thyroglossal tract and remove portion of hyoid bone (central portion)', 'All of the above']","output":"All of the above"} +{"instruction":"To detect a 4 mm nodule in the pancreas, the investigation of your choice would be?","input":"Choices: ['PET scan', 'Endoscopic USG', 'CECT', 'MRI']","output":"Endoscopic USG"} +{"instruction":"About National Programme for Control of Blindness (NPCB), all are true except","input":"Choices: ['Increase cataract surgery rate to 450 operations per one lac population', '100% coverage of vitamin A prophylaxia doses from 9 months to 3 years age', 'Intra-ocular lens implanation in more than 80% of cataract surgery cases', 'Development of 50 paediatric ophthalmology units']","output":"100% coverage of vitamin A prophylaxia doses from 9 months to 3 years age"} +{"instruction":"Which protein is abundant in our body:","input":"Choices: ['Collagen', 'Albumin', 'Myoglobin', 'Hemoglobin']","output":"Collagen"} +{"instruction":"Tuberculosis control is achieved when -","input":"Choices: ['Tuberculosis conversion index in infants is <1%', 'Prevalence on natural infection in age group 0-14 years is in order of 10%', 'Annual infection rate <5%', 'Prevalence of natural infection in 0-14 years is <1%']","output":"Prevalence of natural infection in 0-14 years is <1%"} +{"instruction":"Superior vena cava syndrome is caused most commonly by -","input":"Choices: ['Adenocarcinoma', 'Squamous cell carcinoma', 'Small cell carcinoma', 'Large cell carcinoma']","output":"Small cell carcinoma"} +{"instruction":"A 24-year-old woman is pregnant at 14 weeks with her first baby. She feels well and the pregnancy is uncomplicated. Routine screening is positive for chronic viral hepatitis for which perinatal transmission is of major epidemiologic significance.For the above patient with viral hepatitis, select the most likely viral agents.","input":"Choices: ['hepatitis A virus', 'hepatitis B virus', 'hepatitis C virus', 'hepatitis D virus']","output":"hepatitis B virus"} +{"instruction":"An infant presents with bilateral white pupillary reflex. On slit lamp examination a zone of opacity is observed around the fetal nucleus with spoke like radial opacities. The most likely diagnosis is:","input":"Choices: ['Cataracto Centralis Pulverulenta', 'Lamellar cataract', 'Coronary cataract', 'Posterior polar cataract']","output":"Lamellar cataract"} +{"instruction":"Serum does not contain","input":"Choices: ['Fibrinogen', 'Cerruloplasmin', 'Albumin', 'Globulin']","output":"Fibrinogen"} +{"instruction":"Agoraphobia is: Kerala11","input":"Choices: ['Fear of closed spaces', 'Fear to be in public', 'Fear of arachnids', 'Fear of open spaces']","output":"Fear of open spaces"} +{"instruction":"The maximum urinary concentration capacity in full-term neonates is","input":"Choices: ['350-450 mOsm\/litre', '700-800 mOsm\/litre', '900-1000 mOsm\/litre', '>1000 mOsm\/litre']","output":"700-800 mOsm\/litre"} +{"instruction":"Most common site of colon malignancy is","input":"Choices: ['Sigmoid colon', 'Asending colon', 'Descending colon', 'Transverse colon']","output":"Sigmoid colon"} +{"instruction":"Which is the most common site of metastatic disease","input":"Choices: ['Lung', 'Bone', 'Liver', 'Brain']","output":"Liver"} +{"instruction":"Cause of blindness in CRVO","input":"Choices: ['Cystoid macular edema', 'Macular hemorrhage', 'Vitreous hemorrhage', 'All of the above']","output":"All of the above"} +{"instruction":"Chromosomal translocation in CML is","input":"Choices: ['T(2,8)', 'T(9,22)', 'T(15,17)', 'T(8,14)']","output":"T(9,22)"} +{"instruction":"Chorionic villous sampling is useful in all the following except","input":"Choices: ['Tay-Sachs disease', 'Spina bifida', 'Thalassanemia', 'Down syndrome']","output":"Spina bifida"} +{"instruction":"Amino ester local anesthesia metabolised by hepatic carboxylesterase is:","input":"Choices: ['Aicaine', 'Bupivacaine', 'Ropivacaine', 'Lidocaine']","output":"Aicaine"} +{"instruction":"Safe yield of water source -","input":"Choices: ['Adequate supply for 95% of the year', 'Adequate supply for 60% of the year', 'Adequate supply for 80% of the year', 'None']","output":"Adequate supply for 95% of the year"} +{"instruction":"Treatment of choice for 'erythrasma' is:","input":"Choices: ['Doxycycline', 'Gentamycine', 'Clarithromycin', 'Moxifloxacin']","output":"Clarithromycin"} +{"instruction":"Blood brain barrier is crossed by: a) Dopamine b) Propranolol c) Glycopyrrolate d) Physostigmine e) Streptomycin","input":"Choices: ['abcd', 'bcde', 'ad', 'bd']","output":"bd"} +{"instruction":"Which among the following is false","input":"Choices: ['A', 'B', 'C', 'D']","output":"B"} +{"instruction":"Smallest diameter of the eyeball is:","input":"Choices: ['Veical', 'Horizontal', 'Anteroposterior', 'More than 24 mm']","output":"Veical"} +{"instruction":"High viscosity of saliva in children increases the incidence of caries","input":"Choices: ['Statement is true', 'Statement is partially true', 'Statement is false', 'Statement is partially false']","output":"Statement is partially true"} +{"instruction":"Cancers are commonly associated with?","input":"Choices: ['Hypermethylation of tumor suppressor genes', 'Demethylation of oncogenes', 'Loss of heterozygosis', 'Mutation of introns']","output":"Hypermethylation of tumor suppressor genes"} +{"instruction":"Adrenomyeloneuropathy, a variant of adrenoleukodystrophy which manifests as adrenal insufficiency beginning in childhood later develop to a progressive spastic paraparesis is transmitted as:","input":"Choices: ['X-linked disorder', 'Autosomal dominant', 'Autosomal recessive', 'Sporadic']","output":"X-linked disorder"} +{"instruction":"The mechanism of action of cephalosporin is:","input":"Choices: ['Interferes with cell wall synthesis', 'Inhibition ol DNA gyrase', 'Inhibition of protein synthesis', 'Inhibition of DMA polymerase']","output":"Interferes with cell wall synthesis"} +{"instruction":"A 7-year-old girl with a complaint of generalized swelling of the body. Urinary examination reveals grade 3 proteinuria and the presence of hyaline and fatty casts. She has no history of hematuria. Which of the following statements about her condition is true?","input":"Choices: ['No IgG deposits or C3 deposition on renal biopsy', 'Her C3 level will be low', 'IgA nephropathy is the likely diagnosis', \"Alpo's syndrome is the likely diagnosis\"]","output":"No IgG deposits or C3 deposition on renal biopsy"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is not a proactive approach to prevent unnecessary stress in a surgical patient?","input":"Choices: ['Using minimal access techniques', 'Nerve blocks', 'Minimal periods of starvation', 'Prolonged bed rest']","output":"Prolonged bed rest"} +{"instruction":"Carboxylation of clotting factors by vitamin K is required to be biologically active. Which of the following amino acid is carboxylated?","input":"Choices: ['Histidine', 'Histamine', 'Glutamate', 'Aspaate']","output":"Glutamate"} +{"instruction":"Anaemia, punctate basophilia, constipation, blue line and abdominal colic are characreristic of -","input":"Choices: ['Opium addiction', 'Arsenic poisoning', 'Mercuric poisoning', 'Lead poisoning']","output":"Lead poisoning"} +{"instruction":"Which one of the following tests will you adopt while examining a knee joint where you suspect an old tear of anterior cruciate ligament-","input":"Choices: ['Posterior drawer test', 'Mc Murray test', 'Lachman test', 'Pivot shift test']","output":"Lachman test"} +{"instruction":"Seton used in fistula in anosurgery is draining seton and -","input":"Choices: ['Cutting seton', 'Dissolvingseton', 'Dissectingseton', 'Fibrosing seton']","output":"Cutting seton"} +{"instruction":"A30-year-old male had severely itchy popular vesicular lesions on extremities knee, elbows and buttocks for one year. Direct immunofluorescence staining of the lesions showed IgA deposition at dermo epidermal junction. The most probable diagnosis is:","input":"Choices: ['Dermatitis herpetiform', 'Pemphigus vulgaris', 'Nummular eczema', 'Bullous pemphigoid']","output":"Dermatitis herpetiform"} +{"instruction":"Slate like discoloration of the skin is caused by all these drugs except?","input":"Choices: ['Chlorpromazine', 'Minocycline', 'Amiodarone', 'Thiacetazone']","output":"Thiacetazone"} +{"instruction":"Tone decay test is used for","input":"Choices: ['Meinneirs disease', 'Otosclerosis', 'Cochlear deafness', 'Sensory neural deafness']","output":"Sensory neural deafness"} +{"instruction":"The major source of ammonia in kidney","input":"Choices: ['Glutamate', 'Glutamine', 'a-ketoglutarate', 'Alanine']","output":"Glutamine"} +{"instruction":"Cat scratch disease is -","input":"Choices: ['Associated with positive Frei skin test', 'Caused by a DNA virus', 'Associated with a pathognomonic histological picture', 'All']","output":"Associated with a pathognomonic histological picture"} +{"instruction":"A 2-month-old infant is brought to the clinic because of poor feeding, sweating, and difficulty breathing. The parents state that she was doing very well, and has actually been a \"very easy going baby\", until about a week ago. They assumed that she was developing a \"cold\", but it has not passed, and the symptoms have been worsening. Cardiac examination reveals a loud, harsh systolic murmur with a thrill that is heard best at the left sternal border. The most likely underlying abnormality is","input":"Choices: ['aoic stenosis', 'atrial septal defect', 'ventricular septal defect', 'patent ductus aeriosis']","output":"ventricular septal defect"} +{"instruction":"Cataract in galactosemia is caused by accumulation of:","input":"Choices: ['Sorbitol', 'Galactitol', 'Galactose', 'None of the above']","output":"Galactitol"} +{"instruction":"Features of parkinsons disease-","input":"Choices: ['Decreased Blinking', 'Rigidity', 'On-off phenomenon', 'Objective (downside arrow) muscle power']","output":"Rigidity"} +{"instruction":"If in a locality API is more than 2, the following is done –","input":"Choices: ['2 round of DDT per year with active surveillance', '2 rounds of DDT per year with active and passive surveillance', 'Only active and passive surveillance', '2 rounds of DDT per year only']","output":"2 rounds of DDT per year with active and passive surveillance"} +{"instruction":"Better prognostic factor for operation of biliary duct obstruction in newborn are","input":"Choices: ['No passage of bile', 'Size of ductile >200 micron', 'Weight of baby >3 kg', 'Age of 8 weeks']","output":"Age of 8 weeks"} +{"instruction":"False regarding Chorda tympani nerve","input":"Choices: ['Passes through the petrotympatic fissure', 'Contains motor nerves that supplies facial muscle', 'Contains secretomotor nerves that supplies salivary gland', 'Contains sensory neurons that supplies anterior 2\/3rds of tongue']","output":"Contains motor nerves that supplies facial muscle"} +{"instruction":"The mean median and mode are the same in a","input":"Choices: ['Normal distribution', 'Poisson distribution', 'Binomial distribution', 'None of the above']","output":"Normal distribution"} +{"instruction":"Shock sets in an adult above what percentage of burns, if untreated","input":"Choices: ['10%', '15%', '25%', '30%']","output":"15%"} +{"instruction":"False about the phenomenon illustrated below is:","input":"Choices: ['The gap between the CEJ and the alveolar bone crest contains dentin only, leading to less material available in cervical region to absorb X-rays', 'The rounded cross-section of most roots accentuates this phenomenon peripherally', 'The mesial and distal surfaces of teeth show bands of burnout, which end abruptly at the alveolar bone margin', 'None of the above']","output":"None of the above"} +{"instruction":"Volkmann's ischaemic contracture is commonly due to","input":"Choices: ['Tight palster', 'Tight splint', 'Both', 'None']","output":"Both"} +{"instruction":"5 year old child with pseudomembrane in throat, fever, sore throat, the organism causing is","input":"Choices: ['Comma shaped gram negative bacilli', 'Club shaped gram positive bacilli', 'Spore forming gram positive bacilli', 'Filamentous gram positive bacilli']","output":"Club shaped gram positive bacilli"} +{"instruction":"The standard of care in splenectomy patients involves the use of all the above vaccines except","input":"Choices: ['H Influenzae type b', 'Meningococcal vaccine', 'Pneumococcal vaccine', 'Typhoid vaccine']","output":"Typhoid vaccine"} +{"instruction":"The joint cavity can be examined in detail with out much surgical exposure by","input":"Choices: ['Sialography', 'Arthroscopy', 'Biopsy', 'Endoscopy']","output":"Arthroscopy"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following drug is a must in the management of dry socket:","input":"Choices: ['Antibiotics.', 'Anti-inflammatory.', 'Analgesic.', 'Antipyretic.']","output":"Analgesic."} +{"instruction":"Ability of stem cells to cross barrier of differentiation to transform into a cell of another lineage expressing the molecular characteristics of different cell type with the ability to perform the function of the new cell type is referred as:","input":"Choices: ['De differentiation', 'Re differentiation', 'Trans-differentiation', 'Sub differentiation']","output":"Trans-differentiation"} +{"instruction":"Glycopyrrolate is beer than atropine because –","input":"Choices: ['It crosses blood brain barrier', 'Not crosses blood brain barrier', 'More sedation', 'Antisialague']","output":"Not crosses blood brain barrier"} +{"instruction":"Buspirone as compared to benzodiazepines:","input":"Choices: ['Is more potent anticonvulsant', 'Does not interfere with GABAergic transmission', 'More effective in severe anxiety with panic attacks', 'Produces significantly more sedation']","output":"Does not interfere with GABAergic transmission"} +{"instruction":"A 30 years-old female presents with headache and transient obscurations of her vision. On examination, no focal neurological deficit was seen. Which one of the following would you sta her on?","input":"Choices: ['Acetazolamide', 'Bromocriptine', 'Coicosteroids', 'Furosemide']","output":"Acetazolamide"} +{"instruction":"All of the following are seen in persisting vomitting EXCEPT","input":"Choices: ['Hypokalemia', 'Decreased K+ in urine', 'Elevated pH of blood', 'Metabolic alkalosis']","output":"Decreased K+ in urine"} +{"instruction":"Testing of HLA-B' 5701 is recommended prior to initiation of this antiretroviral agent:-","input":"Choices: ['Atazanavir', 'Nelfinavir', 'Raltegravir', 'Abacavir']","output":"Abacavir"} +{"instruction":"A boy is having diarrhoea, rhinorrhoea, sweating & lacrimation, what is the most probable diagnosis","input":"Choices: ['Cocaine withdrawal', 'Heroin withdrawal', 'Alcohol withdrawal', 'LSD withdrawal']","output":"Heroin withdrawal"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following drugs inhibit 5'– deiodinase?","input":"Choices: ['Propylthiouracil', 'Methimazole', \"Lugol's iodine\", 'Radioactive iodine']","output":"Propylthiouracil"} +{"instruction":"Atheromatous changes of blood vessels affects early in","input":"Choices: ['Kidney', 'Hea', 'Liver', 'Spleen']","output":"Hea"} +{"instruction":"A boy has 20 permanent teeth and 8 temporary teeth. His age is likely to be :","input":"Choices: ['9 yrs.', '10 yrs.', '11 yrs.', '12 yrs.']","output":"10 yrs."} +{"instruction":"Righting reflex is a ?","input":"Choices: ['Cochlear reflex', 'Spinal reflex', 'Vestibular reflex', 'None of the above']","output":"Vestibular reflex"} +{"instruction":"A 22 year old pregnant lady presents with fever, and is put on antibiotics. Fever is still not brought under control, On fuher investigation she is diagnosed to have septic pelvic thrombophlebitis. Which among the following is the next coursee of treatment for her?","input":"Choices: ['Stop antibiotics and sta heparin', 'Antibiotics+Heparin', 'Surgical embolectomy', 'Hysterectomy']","output":"Antibiotics+Heparin"} +{"instruction":"Compared with noble metals, base metals show","input":"Choices: ['Increased hardness', 'Increased ductility', 'Better biocompatibility', 'Increased density']","output":"Increased hardness"} +{"instruction":"Frog like facies is seen in-","input":"Choices: ['Nasopharyngeal carcinoma', \"Vincent's angina\", 'Juvenile Nasopharyngeal angiofibroma', 'Acoustic neuroma']","output":"Juvenile Nasopharyngeal angiofibroma"} +{"instruction":"All are complications of gall stones except:","input":"Choices: ['Diverticulosis', 'Acute cholangitis', 'Mucocele', 'Empyema of Gallbladder']","output":"Diverticulosis"} +{"instruction":"Curshmann's spirals are seen in:","input":"Choices: ['Bronchial asthma', 'Bronchial carcinoid', 'Chronic bronchitis', 'All of the above']","output":"Bronchial asthma"} +{"instruction":"All of the following conditions can cause interstitial nephritis except:","input":"Choices: ['Infections', 'Hepatorenal syndrome', 'Lymphoma', 'Sarcoidosis']","output":"Hepatorenal syndrome"} +{"instruction":"Which intravenous anaesthetic agent should be avoided in patient with Bronchoconstriction.","input":"Choices: ['Thiopentone', 'Propofol', 'Etomidate', 'Ketamine']","output":"Thiopentone"} +{"instruction":"Prions. True statement is:","input":"Choices: ['Defect in protein folding', 'Cleave proteins', 'Scarpie is a human disease', 'Are non infectious']","output":"Defect in protein folding"} +{"instruction":"Helicobacter pylori is not associated with:-","input":"Choices: ['Gastrointestinal lymphoma', 'Gastric cancer', 'Gastric leiomyoma', 'Peptic ulcer']","output":"Gastric leiomyoma"} +{"instruction":"First polar body is extruded at:","input":"Choices: ['At the time of menstruation', 'At the time of ovulation', 'At the time of feilization', 'At the time of menopause']","output":"At the time of feilization"} +{"instruction":"A 72-year-old man with a significant smoking history presents to the emergency room with complaints of dyspnea and truncal, arm, and facial swelling for one week. Physical examination is remarkable for facial erythema and facial, truncal, and arm edema with prominence of thoracic and neck veins. On chest x-ray, there is a mass in the right mediastinum with adenopathy. Which of the following is the MOST likely diagnosis?","input":"Choices: ['Adenocarcinoma', \"Hodgkin's lymphoma\", 'Large cell carcinoma', 'Small cell carcinoma']","output":"Small cell carcinoma"} +{"instruction":"Which group of streptococcus grow at > 60degC -","input":"Choices: ['A', 'B', 'C', 'D']","output":"D"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is catalase positive and novobiocin susceptibility negative -","input":"Choices: ['Staph epidermidis', 'Streptococcus pyogenes', 'Staph saprophyticus', 'Streptococcus viridans']","output":"Staph saprophyticus"} +{"instruction":"Testing of HLA-B*57:01 is recommended prior to the initiation of this anti-retroviral agent","input":"Choices: ['Atazanavir', 'Nelfinavir', 'Raltegravir', 'Abacavir']","output":"Abacavir"} +{"instruction":"Wrong statement is -","input":"Choices: ['Pulses are deficent in methionine', 'Cerels are deficient in lysine', 'Wheat deficient in threonine', 'Maize is deficient in tryptophan & leucine']","output":"Maize is deficient in tryptophan & leucine"} +{"instruction":"Apart from Escherichia coli, the other most common organism implicated in acute suppurative bacterial peritonitis is-","input":"Choices: ['Bacteroides', 'Klebsiella', 'Peptostreptococcus', 'Pseudomonas']","output":"Bacteroides"} +{"instruction":"All are true about ramelteon except","input":"Choices: ['Agonist at MT1 and MT2 receptors', 'Is a substrate of CYP1A2', 'Has high addiction liability', 'Approved for treatment of insomnia']","output":"Has high addiction liability"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is NOT true regarding gastroschisis and omphalocele?","input":"Choices: ['Intestinal obstruction is common in gastroschisis', 'Gastroschisis is associated with multiple anomalies', 'Umbilical cord is attached in normal position in gastroschisis', 'Liver is the content of omphalocele']","output":"Gastroschisis is associated with multiple anomalies"} +{"instruction":"An unknown patient presents with pyrexia, constricted pupils, hypotension, cyanosis and stupor progressing to coma. Poisoning is due to -","input":"Choices: ['Phenobarbitone', 'Cannabis', 'Dhatura', 'Diphenhydramine']","output":"Phenobarbitone"} +{"instruction":"Hypoglycemia in new born is seen in :","input":"Choices: ['IUGR', 'Mother with hypothyroidism', 'Rh incompatibility', 'Hypehyroidism']","output":"IUGR"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is not a side effect of lithium?","input":"Choices: ['Blood dyscrasias', 'Polyuria', 'Hypothyroidism', 'Weight gain']","output":"Blood dyscrasias"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following causes urine discoloration?","input":"Choices: ['Isoniazid', 'Rifampin', 'Streptomycin', 'Ethambutol']","output":"Rifampin"} +{"instruction":"Which is not major criteria for diagnosis of rheumatic fever ?","input":"Choices: ['Carditis', 'Subcutaneousnodules', 'Increased ASLO', 'Arthritis']","output":"Increased ASLO"} +{"instruction":"Regarding glutathione which of the following is\/are true except","input":"Choices: ['It helps in absorption of certain amino acids', 'It inactivates some enzymes', 'It helps in mebrane transport', 'It helps in conjugation reactions']","output":"It inactivates some enzymes"} +{"instruction":"The best gas used for pneumoperitoneum laparoscopy is","input":"Choices: ['N2', 'O2', 'CO2', 'NO']","output":"CO2"} +{"instruction":"Other than nitrogen and oxygen, which one of the following is the next most abundant gas in the dry air of lower atmosphere ?","input":"Choices: ['Argon', 'Carbon dioxide', 'Helium', 'Hydrogen']","output":"Carbon dioxide"} +{"instruction":"Keratic precipitates are on which layer of cornea -","input":"Choices: ['Epithelium', 'Endothelium', 'Stroma', \"Bowman's membrane\"]","output":"Endothelium"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following azole can be used in Mucarmycosis?","input":"Choices: ['Itraconazole', 'Voriconazole', 'Posaconazole', 'Fluconazole']","output":"Posaconazole"} +{"instruction":"A 65-year-old woman with type 2 diabetes is on hemodialysis for chronic kidney disease. She now presents to the clinic with symptoms of pain in the hands. The symptoms started many months age and are now getting worse. She does not recall any injury to the hands and has not noticed any swelling or redness in the joints.On examination, the joints are normal with no inflammation or tenderness on palpation. There is full range of motion of the fingers and wrists.Lab investigations: calcium (7.2 mg\/dL), phosphate (5.5 mg\/dL), and PTH level (710 ng\/L). (See Figure below) What is the most likely diagnosis?","input":"Choices: ['scleroderma', 'gout', 'secondary hyperparathyroidism', 'pseudogout']","output":"secondary hyperparathyroidism"} +{"instruction":"Most common cause of convulsion on the First day of life in a newborn is –","input":"Choices: ['Anoxia', 'Head Injury', 'Hypoglycemia', 'Hypocalcemia']","output":"Anoxia"} +{"instruction":"Infections transmitted to the baby at delivery:","input":"Choices: ['Toxoplasmosis', 'Gonococcus', 'Herpes simplex type II', 'Hepatitis-B']","output":"Toxoplasmosis"} +{"instruction":"Jet black pigmentation of tongue with tactile and visual hallucination is feature of which poisoning-","input":"Choices: ['Cocaine', 'Arsenic', 'Cannabis', 'Heroin']","output":"Cocaine"} +{"instruction":"Which drug is given as a single dose to prevent mother to child HIV transmission: March 2007","input":"Choices: ['Didanosine', 'Nevirapine', 'Acyclovir', 'Nelfinavir']","output":"Nevirapine"} +{"instruction":"Macrophage is CNS","input":"Choices: ['Fibrous Astrocyte', 'Microglia', 'Oligodendrocyte', 'Protoplasmic astrocyte']","output":"Microglia"} +{"instruction":"First sign of male puberty is -","input":"Choices: ['Enlargement of penis', 'Enlargement of testes', 'Appearanc e of pubic hair', 'Appearance of axillary hair']","output":"Enlargement of testes"} +{"instruction":"Tympanogram of a 70 year old male with hearing loss and tinnitus revealed a type B wave. On examination he has a conductive type of deafness and a dull tympanic membrane on the right side. Lympadenopathy was present in the posterior triangle of neck. The most likely diagnosis is:","input":"Choices: ['Middle ear tumor', 'Nasopharyngeal malignancy', 'Acoustic neuroma', 'T.B of middle ear']","output":"Nasopharyngeal malignancy"} +{"instruction":"A new born presents with mid anterior abdominal wall defect with characteristic spontaneous disappearance at age of 4 years -","input":"Choices: ['Patent urachus', 'Omphalocele', 'Ectopia vesicae', 'Umibilical hernia']","output":"Umibilical hernia"} +{"instruction":"Antibiotic potentiating the effect of NM blocker-","input":"Choices: ['Erythromycin', 'Aminoglycoside', 'Co-trimoxazole', 'Nitrofurantoin']","output":"Aminoglycoside"} +{"instruction":"Normal glomerular capillary pressure: March 2005","input":"Choices: ['15', '25', '35', '45']","output":"45"} +{"instruction":"Uterine souffle :","input":"Choices: ['Is a soft blowing murmur synchronous with foetal hea sounds', 'Is due to increase in blood flow through the dilated uterine vessels', 'Is due to the active foetal movements', 'Indicates the underlying foetal distress']","output":"Is due to increase in blood flow through the dilated uterine vessels"} +{"instruction":"The transmembrane region of protein is likely to have:","input":"Choices: ['A stretch of hydrophilic amino acids', 'A stretch of hydrophobic amino acids', 'A disulphide loop', 'Alternating hydrophilic and hydrophobic amino acids']","output":"A stretch of hydrophobic amino acids"} +{"instruction":"What is the cause of death in dry drowning","input":"Choices: ['Cardiac arrhythmia', 'Pulmonary edema', 'Hyperkalemia', 'Laryngeal spasm']","output":"Laryngeal spasm"} +{"instruction":"Regarding bile duct injuries following cholecystectomy which of the following statement is false?","input":"Choices: ['The incidences following open cholecystectomy is in the range of 0.2 to 0.3%', 'The incidence rate following laparoscopic cholecystectomy is three times than the rates following open cholecystectomy', 'Untreated cases may develop secondary biliary cirrhosis', \"Routine use of 'open technique of laparoscopic port insertion has resulted in a decline in the incidence of post laparoscopic cholecystectomy bile duct injuires\"]","output":"Routine use of 'open technique of laparoscopic port insertion has resulted in a decline in the incidence of post laparoscopic cholecystectomy bile duct injuires"} +{"instruction":"Auditory fatigue is seen at ?","input":"Choices: ['90 dB, 4000Hz', '110 dB, 4000Hz', '130 dB, 4000Hz', '150 dB, 4000Hz']","output":"90 dB, 4000Hz"} +{"instruction":"Zellballen pattern is seen in?","input":"Choices: ['Pheochromocytoma', 'Schwannoma', 'Acoustic neuroma', 'Transistional renal cell carcinoma']","output":"Pheochromocytoma"} +{"instruction":"Marcus Gunn sign is seen in","input":"Choices: ['Retinitis pigmentosa', 'Retinal detachment', 'Diabetic retinopathy', 'Hypeensive retinopathy']","output":"Hypeensive retinopathy"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is abnormal constituent of urine:","input":"Choices: ['Glucose', 'Creatine', 'Urea', 'None of the above']","output":"Glucose"} +{"instruction":"A case of CSOM presenting with vertigo can have any of the following except -","input":"Choices: ['Dural separation', 'Cerebellar abscess', 'Fistula with semicircular canal', 'Any of the above']","output":"Dural separation"} +{"instruction":"A patient was administered a competitive neuromuscular blockade which acts on nicotinic receptor At the end of surgery which of the following drugs can be administered to reverse the effects of that drug","input":"Choices: ['Succinyl choline', 'Neostigmine', 'Physostigmine', 'carbochol']","output":"Neostigmine"} +{"instruction":"Cell wall deficient bacteria are","input":"Choices: ['Escherichia Coli', 'Staphylococci', 'Spirochetes', 'Mycoplasma']","output":"Mycoplasma"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is not true about epithelial-mesenchmyal transition (EMT)?","input":"Choices: ['Controlled by the transcription factors SNAIL and TWIST', 'Upregulation of E-cadherin expression', 'Integral to the metastasis of carcinomas', 'Homotypic intercellular adhesion is lost']","output":"Upregulation of E-cadherin expression"} +{"instruction":"All are true about congenital rubella syndrome, Except","input":"Choices: ['Cardiac abnormality', 'Renal anomalies', 'Deafness', 'Cataract']","output":"Renal anomalies"} +{"instruction":"The biochemical changes in established cases of Stein-Leventhal syndrome are as mentioned except:","input":"Choices: ['Marked elevation of LH in contrast to FSH', 'Insulin resistance', 'Elevation of plasma testosterone', 'Elevation. in the level of sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) level']","output":"Elevation. in the level of sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) level"} +{"instruction":"A newly posted junior doctor had difficulty in finding out base deficit\/excess for blood in a given patient. An experienced senior resident advised a quick method to determine acid base composition of blood based on PCO2. Which of the following is the likely method he suggested to predict acid base composition of blood?","input":"Choices: ['Red ford normogram', \"DuBio's normogram\", 'Goldman constant field equation', 'Siggard-Andersen normogram']","output":"Siggard-Andersen normogram"} +{"instruction":"Net reproductive rate=1 can be achieved if couple protection rate is more than:","input":"Choices: ['40%', '50%', '60%', '70%']","output":"60%"} +{"instruction":"Dupuytrens Contracture occurs in","input":"Choices: ['Palmer fascia', 'Planter fascia', 'Shoulder fascia', 'Hip joint fascia']","output":"Palmer fascia"} +{"instruction":"Inducing dose of Propofol in adults","input":"Choices: ['1 mg\/kg', '2 mg\/kg', '3 mg\/kg', '5 mg\/kg']","output":"2 mg\/kg"} +{"instruction":"For a survey a village is divided into 5 lanes then each lane is sampled randomly is an example is ?","input":"Choices: ['Simple random sampling', 'Stratified random sampling', 'Systemic random sampling', 'All of the above']","output":"Systemic random sampling"} +{"instruction":"What best defines vasa vasorum ?","input":"Choices: ['Small blood vessels supplying walls of large blood vessels', 'Small blood vessels supplying nerves', 'Vessels accompanying aery', 'Vessels accompanying nerves']","output":"Small blood vessels supplying walls of large blood vessels"} +{"instruction":"Least common cause of clubbing is:","input":"Choices: ['Adenocarcinoma', 'Squamous cell cancer', 'Small cell cancer', 'Mesothelioma']","output":"Small cell cancer"} +{"instruction":"Differential diagnosis of rosacea includes all of the following except?","input":"Choices: ['Acne vulgaris', 'Lupus erythematosus', 'BCC', 'Melasma']","output":"Melasma"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is Anti-proteinase-3 positive","input":"Choices: ['Churg Strauss syndrome', 'Microscopic polyangiitis', \"Wegener's granulomatosis\", 'Polyarteritis nodosa']","output":"Wegener's granulomatosis"} +{"instruction":"Postmortem lung specimen of a patient who developed severe respiratory distress and petechiae after fracture of shaft of femur is given below. All are true about the condition given below EXCEPT?","input":"Choices: ['Oil Red O stain for fat', 'Noncardiogenic pulmonary edema', 'Gurd criteria', 'Diffuse white matter petechial hemorrhage']","output":"Noncardiogenic pulmonary edema"} +{"instruction":"All are seen in metachromatic leukodystrophy EXCEPT:","input":"Choices: ['Mental retardation', 'Optic atrophy', 'Decerebrate posture', 'Exaggerated tendon reflexes']","output":"Exaggerated tendon reflexes"} +{"instruction":"Case fatality rate is a method of measuring -","input":"Choices: ['Infectivity', 'Pathogenecity', 'Virulence', 'Average duration of disease']","output":"Virulence"} +{"instruction":"Antifolate cancer drugs are: (PGI Nov 2009)","input":"Choices: ['Methotrexate', 'Azathioprine', 'Cyclosporin', 'Vincristne']","output":"Methotrexate"} +{"instruction":"In splenic injury, conservation management is done in:","input":"Choices: ['Hemodynamically unstable', 'Young patient', 'Shattered spleen', 'Extreme pallor and hypotension']","output":"Young patient"} +{"instruction":"Ekbom syndrome is:-","input":"Choices: ['Narcolepsy', 'Restless leg syndrome', 'Pica', 'Delusion of nihilism']","output":"Restless leg syndrome"} +{"instruction":"Study in which population is considered is the unit of study -","input":"Choices: ['Cross sectional', 'Ecological', 'Case-control', 'Cohort']","output":"Ecological"} +{"instruction":"Unmyelinated fibers differ from myelinated fibers in that they:","input":"Choices: ['Have increased excitability', 'Have no nodes of Ranvier', 'Have no power of regeneration', 'Have no association of Schwann cells']","output":"Have no nodes of Ranvier"} +{"instruction":"Which among the following is an impoant step in acute inflammation?","input":"Choices: ['Vasoconstriction', 'Vascular stasis', 'Vasodilation and increased vascular permeability', 'Margination of leukocytes']","output":"Vasodilation and increased vascular permeability"} +{"instruction":"Use of wadding in a smooth bore gun rifle produces all except :","input":"Choices: ['Causes fatal injuries', 'Helps in lubrication', 'Optimum pressure', 'Sealing the air']","output":"Causes fatal injuries"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is the number of national helpline for HIV\/AIDS?","input":"Choices: ['1081', '1091', '1097', '1100']","output":"1097"} +{"instruction":"Commonest type of carcinoma with gallstones is","input":"Choices: ['Adenocarcinoma', 'Anaplastic carcinoma', 'Squamous cell carcinoma', 'Transitional cell carcinoma']","output":"Adenocarcinoma"} +{"instruction":"Blood vessels can be harvested from a body for the purpose of transplantation latest by what period after death?","input":"Choices: ['8 hours', '12 hours', '48 hours', '72 hours']","output":"72 hours"} +{"instruction":"Sarita, a 30 year old woman develops a deep vein thrombosis in her left calf on fourth post operative day following cesarean section done for fetal distress. The patient is started on heparin and is scheduled to begin a 6 weeks course of warfarin therapy.The patient is a devoted mother who wants to breast feed her baby.What is the advice which is given to the patient:","input":"Choices: ['Patient may continue breast feeding at her own risk.', 'Patient should breast feed her baby only if her INR is at <2.5', 'Patient can breast feed her baby after 6 weeks course of warfarin is over', 'Warfarin is not a contraindication for lactation.']","output":"Warfarin is not a contraindication for lactation."} +{"instruction":"This drug depolarizes cell membrances of aerobic gram positive bacteria. It is effective against vancomycin resistant enterococcal infections. It may cause myopathy especially in patients taking statins. It is:","input":"Choices: ['Teicoplanin', 'Da[tomycin', 'Linezolid', 'Streptogramin']","output":"Da[tomycin"} +{"instruction":"NOT TRUE regarding sevoflurane","input":"Choices: ['MAC is higher than isoflurane', 'Blood gas coefficient is higher than desflurane', 'Potency more than cardio depressant than isoflurane', 'Sevoflurane is less cardio depressant than isoflurane']","output":"Sevoflurane is less cardio depressant than isoflurane"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is a leading cause of pneumonia primarily in infants?","input":"Choices: ['Rabies', 'Rhinovirus', 'Cytomegalovirus', 'Respiratory syncytial virus']","output":"Respiratory syncytial virus"} +{"instruction":"Drug used in remodeling of hea in congestive cardiac failure are all EXCEPT:","input":"Choices: ['Beta blocker', 'ACE inhibitor', 'Digoxin', 'Aldosterone antagonist']","output":"Digoxin"} +{"instruction":"Henoch - Schonlein purpura may rarely cause","input":"Choices: ['Intussusception', 'Volvulus', 'Hernia', 'None of the above']","output":"Intussusception"} +{"instruction":"Based on epidemiological studies, which of the following has been found to be most protective against colon cancer?","input":"Choices: ['High fiber diet', 'Low fat diet', 'Low selenium diet', 'Low protein diet']","output":"High fiber diet"} +{"instruction":"Joint not involved in Rheumatoid arthritis?","input":"Choices: ['D.I.P', 'P.I.P', 'M.C.P', 'Wrist']","output":"D.I.P"} +{"instruction":"Mark the false statement regarding nucleus of facial nerve :","input":"Choices: ['Upper pa of the nucleus receives fibres from both the cerebral hemispheres', 'Lower pa of nucleus gets uncrossed fibres from ipsilateral hemisphere', 'Motor nucleus of facial nerve is situated in pons', 'Bilateral innervation of forehead preserves its function in supranuclear lesions']","output":"Lower pa of nucleus gets uncrossed fibres from ipsilateral hemisphere"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following drugs undergoes \"Hoffmann elimination\"?","input":"Choices: ['d-tubercurarine', 'Acetylcholine', 'Atracurium', 'Acetazolamide']","output":"Atracurium"} +{"instruction":"Most friable vegetation is seen in","input":"Choices: ['Infective endocarditis', 'Libman sacks endocarditis', 'Non bacterial thrombotic endocarditis', 'Rheumatic hea disease']","output":"Infective endocarditis"} +{"instruction":"A 9-year-old girl child developed a 10 mm area of induration on the left forearm 72 hours after intradermal injection of 0.1 ml of purified protein derivative (PPD). Which of the following is most likely to be seen on the X-ray of this patient?","input":"Choices: ['Marked hilar adenopathy', 'Upper lobe calcifications', 'No abnormal findings', 'Reticulo-nodular densities']","output":"No abnormal findings"} +{"instruction":"The intrinsic apoptotic pathway is located in which of the following cellular organelle?","input":"Choices: ['Endoplasmic reticulum', 'Golgi apparatus', 'Mitochondria', 'Cell membrane']","output":"Mitochondria"} +{"instruction":"Subtelomeric fraction in children with idiopathic MR can be traced by all, except?","input":"Choices: ['FISH', 'Laser diode index', 'MALDI', 'Array comparative genomic hybridization']","output":"Laser diode index"} +{"instruction":"Increased episcleral venous pressure can:","input":"Choices: ['Increase IOP', 'Decrease IOP', 'No effect on IOP', 'Initially increases then decreases IOP']","output":"Increase IOP"} +{"instruction":"Psammoma bodies may be seen in all of the following, except:","input":"Choices: ['Follicular carcinoma of thyroid', 'Papillary carcinoma of thyroid', 'Meningioma', 'Serous cystadenocarcinoma of ovary']","output":"Follicular carcinoma of thyroid"} +{"instruction":"A 22 year old boy was all alright 2 days back. But since then he claims that people are abusing him and he c\/o hearing of voices when no one is around, aggressive behavior since 2 days. He has fever since only 2 days. No past history. Which is the most likely diagnosis?","input":"Choices: ['Dementia', 'Acute psychosis', 'Delirium', 'Delusion']","output":"Acute psychosis"} +{"instruction":"A 35-year-old man met with a car accident in which his chest struck the steering wheel of his car. He is brought to the emergency with stable vital signs and no respiratory distress but multiple rib fractures are palpable and right side of the chest shows paradoxical movement. Chest x-ray rules out any pneumothorax or hemothorax. What is the most appropriate initial management in this case?","input":"Choices: ['Analgesia, chest physiotherapy, & observation', 'Intubation & mechanical ventilation', 'Stabilization of the chest wall', 'Immediate operative stabilization']","output":"Analgesia, chest physiotherapy, & observation"} +{"instruction":"Yellow nodules over palm diagnosis","input":"Choices: ['implantation dermoid', 'sebaceous cysts', 'Corn', 'Melanoma']","output":"Corn"} +{"instruction":"Oral Factor Xa Inhibitor is","input":"Choices: ['Dabigatran etexilate', 'Fondaparinux', 'Bivalirudin', 'Rivaroxaban']","output":"Rivaroxaban"} +{"instruction":"Action of angiotensin 11 includes","input":"Choices: ['Systemic vasodilatation', 'Systemic vasoconstriction', 'Renal vasodilatation', 'Reabsorption of sodium ions in proximal renal tubule']","output":"Systemic vasodilatation"} +{"instruction":"In liver ammonia is formed from which amino acid?","input":"Choices: ['Glycine', 'Glutamine', 'Isoleucine', 'Proline']","output":"Glutamine"} +{"instruction":"Mallory hyaline changes seen in all except?","input":"Choices: [\"Wilson's disease\", 'Indian childhood cirrhosis', 'Primary biliary cirrhosis', 'Hepatitis E']","output":"Hepatitis E"} +{"instruction":"A 56-yrs-old man is brought to you by his wife because she has noted his personality change in the past 3 months. While the patient is being interviewed, he answers every question with the same three words. Which symptom best fits this patient's behavior? NOT RELATED-PSYCHIATRY","input":"Choices: ['Negative symptoms', 'Disorientation', 'Concrete thinking', 'Perseveration']","output":"Perseveration"} +{"instruction":"A 45 year man is diagnosed with diabetes at his present visit for the first time. When should he visit an ophthalmologist-","input":"Choices: ['On his 50th bihday', 'When dimness of vision stas', 'Before his 50th bihday', 'Immediately at time of diagnosis']","output":"Immediately at time of diagnosis"} +{"instruction":"Extra articular manifestation of rheumatoid arthritis is:","input":"Choices: ['Av fistula', 'Cutaneous hypomelanosis', 'Splenic atrophy', 'Subcutaneous nodules']","output":"Subcutaneous nodules"} +{"instruction":"Dimensions of inner bow of facebow are?","input":"Choices: ['0.045\" and 1.125 mm', '0.06\" and 0.09\"', '0.045\" and 1.25%', '0.45 and 0.71\"']","output":"0.045\" and 1.125 mm"} +{"instruction":"H. influenza requires the following growth factor: September 2004","input":"Choices: ['Ammonia', 'Nicotinic acid', 'Glycine', 'Haemin']","output":"Haemin"} +{"instruction":"A shift of posture from supine to upright posture is associated with cardiovascular adjustments. Which is not true in this context","input":"Choices: ['Rise in central venous pressure', 'Rise in HR', 'Decrease in cardiac output', 'Decrease in stroke volume']","output":"Rise in central venous pressure"} +{"instruction":"Normal intraocular pressure is","input":"Choices: ['2.1-6 mm Hg', '7-14 mm Hg', '10-21 mm Hg', '16-32 mm Hg']","output":"10-21 mm Hg"} +{"instruction":"Characteristic feature of hyperophic obstructive cardiomyopathy is:-","input":"Choices: ['Asymmetric septal hyperophy of septum', 'Increased size of atria', 'Increased size of ventricle', 'Normal myofiber arrangement']","output":"Asymmetric septal hyperophy of septum"} +{"instruction":"Which personality disorder of DSM-IV is not classified as PD & is placed with schizophrenia in ICD 10 -","input":"Choices: ['Schizoid', 'Paranoid', 'Narcissistic', 'Schizotypal']","output":"Schizotypal"} +{"instruction":"Branching enzyme is found in","input":"Choices: ['Glycogenesis', 'Gluconeogenesis', 'Glycogenolysis', 'Glycolysis']","output":"Glycogenesis"} +{"instruction":"In sebaceous glands accumulation of sebum leads to –","input":"Choices: ['Millia', 'Acne', 'Epidermoid cyst', 'Milliria']","output":"Acne"} +{"instruction":"Excessive eating of non nutritive substances is called-","input":"Choices: ['PICA', 'Anorexia nervosa', 'Prune belly disease', 'Dyslexia']","output":"PICA"} +{"instruction":"Vital bleaching temperature","input":"Choices: ['100-115℉', '115-140℉', '140-160℉', '160℉ - till patient tolerates']","output":"115-140℉"} +{"instruction":"A 36-year female complaints of abdominal pain & constipation since 5 years. She has on & off rectal bleed when she tries to defecate forcefully. The most probable diagnosis is:","input":"Choices: ['Ulcerative colitis', \"Crohn's disease\", 'Tuberculous intestine', 'Irritable bowel syndrome']","output":"Irritable bowel syndrome"} +{"instruction":"Intraepidermal bulla is seen in –","input":"Choices: ['Pemphigoid', 'Pemphigus', 'Dermatitis herpetiformis', 'Light reaction']","output":"Pemphigus"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following antibiotic can cause diabetes insipidus?","input":"Choices: ['Chloramphenicol', 'Minocycline', 'Demeclocycline', 'Linezolid']","output":"Demeclocycline"} +{"instruction":"Radiation exposure during infancy has been linked to","input":"Choices: ['Breast', 'Melanoma', 'Thyroid', 'Lung']","output":"Thyroid"} +{"instruction":"Best treatment of 3 weeks old, fracture shaft femur with nonunion is -","input":"Choices: ['Bone graft with internal fixation', 'External fixation', 'Internal fixation only', 'Prosthesis']","output":"Bone graft with internal fixation"} +{"instruction":"Human development index is composite of the following except -","input":"Choices: ['Life expectancy at bih', 'Adult literacy rate and mean year of schooling', 'GDP', 'All']","output":"All"} +{"instruction":"Naturally occurring LA –","input":"Choices: ['Cocaine', 'Lidocaine', 'Bupivacaine', 'Tetracaine']","output":"Cocaine"} +{"instruction":"Attributable risk is the impoant parameter for:-","input":"Choices: ['Clinicians', 'Epidemiologists', 'Public health program managers', 'Microbiologists']","output":"Epidemiologists"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following steroids is not used topically:","input":"Choices: ['Hydrocoisone', 'Fluticasone', 'Triamcinolone', 'Prednisonlone']","output":"Prednisonlone"} +{"instruction":"A 56 year old hypeensive patient is brought to the emergency depament due to left sided hemiplegia. Hemiplegia is most commonly due to occlusion of?","input":"Choices: ['Middle Cerebral Aery', 'Basilar aery', 'Veebral aery', 'Anterior cerebral aery']","output":"Middle Cerebral Aery"} +{"instruction":"Nerve fibres involved in proprioception","input":"Choices: ['Type A fibre', 'Type B fiber', 'Type C fiber', 'Type IV fiber']","output":"Type A fibre"} +{"instruction":"Lord's and Jaboulay's operation is done for","input":"Choices: ['Rectal prolapse', 'Fistula in ano', 'Inguinal hernia', 'Hydrocele']","output":"Hydrocele"} +{"instruction":"The administration of succinylcholine to a paraplegic patient led to appearance of dysarrythmias, conduction abnormalities and finally cardiac arrest. The most likely cause is:","input":"Choices: ['Hypercalcemia', 'Hyperkalemia', 'Anaphylaxis', 'Hypermagnesemia']","output":"Hyperkalemia"} +{"instruction":"Globus pallidus, putamen are present in-","input":"Choices: ['Pons', 'Basal ganglia', 'Thalamus', 'Cerebellum']","output":"Basal ganglia"} +{"instruction":"NOT a feature of childhood asthma is –","input":"Choices: ['History of atopic dermatitis', 'Raised IgG level', 'Improves with age', 'Absence of wheezing after exercise']","output":"Raised IgG level"} +{"instruction":"Highest level of LAP seen in ?","input":"Choices: ['PolycythemiaVera', 'CML', 'AML', 'PNH']","output":"PolycythemiaVera"} +{"instruction":"Side effect of cisplatin include all the following except","input":"Choices: ['Nausea and vomiting', 'Nephrotoxicity', 'Blindness', 'Ototoxicity']","output":"Blindness"} +{"instruction":"Which one of the following bacteria ois oxidase positive?","input":"Choices: ['Vibrio', 'Pseudomonas', 'Clostridium', 'E.coli']","output":"Vibrio"} +{"instruction":"The therapeutic efficacy of antihypertensive drugs is blunted by NSAIDs because they :","input":"Choices: ['Cause sodium excretion', 'Increase the clearance of antihypertensive drugs', 'Decrease the absorption of antihypertensive drugs', 'Decrease the synthesis of vascular prostacyclin']","output":"Decrease the synthesis of vascular prostacyclin"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is not true regarding trabeculoplasty?","input":"Choices: ['Argon laser is used', 'Effect comes in few weeks', 'Useful in inflammatory glaucoma', 'Transient rise in Intra ocular pressure can be seen as complication']","output":"Useful in inflammatory glaucoma"} +{"instruction":"Oxidation pond is used in treatment ?","input":"Choices: ['Sewage', 'Effluent', 'Night soil', 'Sullage']","output":"Sewage"} +{"instruction":"'First rank 'symptoms of Schneider's' schizophrenia include all except","input":"Choices: ['Depersonalization', 'Running commentary of ones thoughts', 'Primary delusion', 'Somatic passivity']","output":"Depersonalization"} +{"instruction":"Which nerve is damaged in ant dislocation of shoulder:","input":"Choices: ['Axillary', 'Median', 'Radial', 'Musculocutaneous']","output":"Axillary"} +{"instruction":"Antrochoanal polyp is characterized by:","input":"Choices: ['Usually bilateral', 'It is of allergic origin', 'It arises from maxillary antrum', 'All']","output":"It arises from maxillary antrum"} +{"instruction":"Ebstein anamoly is caused by usage of wof","input":"Choices: ['Phenytoin', 'Lithium', 'Warfarin', 'Enalapril']","output":"Lithium"} +{"instruction":"A 50-year-old man has a history of frequent episodes of renal colic with high calcium renal stones. The most useful diuretic in the treatment of recurrent calcium stones is","input":"Choices: ['Hydrochlohiazide', 'Acetazolamide', 'Furosemide', 'Spironolactone']","output":"Hydrochlohiazide"} +{"instruction":"HCV is -","input":"Choices: ['Enveloped RNA', 'Nonenveloped RNA', 'Nonenveloped positive strand RNA', 'Enveloped negative strand RNA']","output":"Enveloped RNA"} +{"instruction":"All are ingredients of professional misconduct except","input":"Choices: ['Association', 'Adultery', 'Advising', 'Adveising']","output":"Advising"} +{"instruction":"High stepping gait is due to","input":"Choices: ['Quadriceps paralysis', 'Foot drop', 'Gluteus maximum paralysis', 'CDH']","output":"Foot drop"} +{"instruction":"Which drug is contraindicated in patients allergic to sulphonamides ?","input":"Choices: ['Brizolamide', 'Brimonidine', 'Zonisamide', 'Bimatoprost']","output":"Zonisamide"} +{"instruction":"WAGR syndrome includes all except","input":"Choices: ['Wilms tumour', 'Mental Retardation', 'Anorectal malformation', 'Genital anomalies']","output":"Anorectal malformation"} +{"instruction":"About parvovirus B19 all are true except:","input":"Choices: ['Spread by respiratory route', 'Has affinity for erythrocyte progenitor cells', 'Causes transient aplastic crisis', 'Transplacental transfer occurs in only 10% of cases']","output":"Transplacental transfer occurs in only 10% of cases"} +{"instruction":"The most important function of epithelioid cells in tuberculosis is:","input":"Choices: ['Phagocytosis', 'Secretory', 'Antigenic', 'Healing']","output":"Secretory"} +{"instruction":"Paget's disease of the nipple is treated by","input":"Choices: ['Radiotherapy', 'Radical mastectomy', 'Biopsy and simple mastectomy', 'Chemotherapy']","output":"Biopsy and simple mastectomy"} +{"instruction":"The following laboratory determinants is abnormally prolonged in ITP -","input":"Choices: ['APTT', 'Prothrombin time', 'Bleeding time', 'Clotting time']","output":"Bleeding time"} +{"instruction":"Most abundant protein in humans is","input":"Choices: ['Collagen', 'Albumin', 'Globin', 'hemoglobin']","output":"Collagen"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following statements is false about Sacral Meningomyelocele -","input":"Choices: ['Spasticity of the lower limbs is seen', 'Hydrocephalus is seen', 'Bladder incontinence may be seen', 'Lax anal sphincter is present']","output":"Spasticity of the lower limbs is seen"} +{"instruction":"Maximum absorption of NaC1 in proximal convoluted tubule occurs due to the effect of: March 2009","input":"Choices: ['ADH', 'Aldosterone', 'Atrial natriuretic peptide', 'Angiotensin II']","output":"Angiotensin II"} +{"instruction":"A 6-year-old girl presents with precocious pubey, some bony lesions & hyperpigmented skin lesions as shown below. What is the most probable diagnosis?","input":"Choices: ['Prader Willi syndrome', 'Laurence Moon syndrome', 'Cushing syndrome', 'McCune-Albright syndrome']","output":"McCune-Albright syndrome"} +{"instruction":"Which one of the following ends in the posteromedial ventral nucleus of Thalamus?","input":"Choices: ['Medial lemniscus', 'Lateral lemniscus', 'Trigeminal lemniscus', 'STT']","output":"Trigeminal lemniscus"} +{"instruction":"Primary hypercholesterolemia is","input":"Choices: ['Type I', 'Type IIa', 'Type IIb', 'Type III']","output":"Type IIa"} +{"instruction":"Commonest site of metastases is -","input":"Choices: ['Lung', 'Brain', 'Liver', 'Kidney']","output":"Liver"} +{"instruction":"DOC for primary open angle glaucoma is","input":"Choices: ['Beta-blockers', 'CA inhibitors', 'Miotics', 'PG analogues']","output":"PG analogues"} +{"instruction":"The average life of a cyclops is about –","input":"Choices: ['1 month', '2 months', '3 months', '4 months']","output":"3 months"} +{"instruction":"You suspect Ca cervix in one of your patients. Which of the following would be the earliest symptom of Ca cervix?","input":"Choices: ['Pain', 'Post coital bleed', 'Metrorrhagia', 'Menorrhagia']","output":"Post coital bleed"} +{"instruction":"Fungal spores may be produced -","input":"Choices: ['Singly', 'In chains', 'In sporangium', 'All of the above']","output":"All of the above"} +{"instruction":"Maximum HIV transmission risk to fetus is during-","input":"Choices: ['In utero', 'During breast feeding', 'During child birth by vaginal delivery', 'During child birth by cesarean section']","output":"During child birth by vaginal delivery"} +{"instruction":"The most common calcifying brain tumour in a child is:","input":"Choices: ['Medulloblastoma', 'Craniopharyngioma', 'Glioma', 'Meningioma']","output":"Craniopharyngioma"} +{"instruction":"Test for assessment of mucosal function of GIT:","input":"Choices: ['D-xylose test', 'Small bowel study', 'Biopsy', 'Schilling test']","output":"D-xylose test"} +{"instruction":"Keyes triad does not include","input":"Choices: ['time', 'substrate', 'tooth', 'flora']","output":"time"} +{"instruction":"Not a factor impoant for substance dependence?","input":"Choices: ['Personality', 'Family history', 'Peer pressure', 'Intelligence']","output":"Intelligence"} +{"instruction":"Transplacental transmission occurs in all, EXCEPT:","input":"Choices: ['Cytomegalovirus', 'Herpes virus', 'Hepatitis E virus', 'Thalidomide']","output":"Hepatitis E virus"} +{"instruction":"On stopping Alcohol, all the following changes are reversible EXCEPT -","input":"Choices: ['Hepatitis', 'Cirrhosis', 'Microvesicular fatty change', 'Macrovesicular fatty change']","output":"Cirrhosis"} +{"instruction":"Stain used in preparation of AFB smear:","input":"Choices: ['Giemsa stain', 'Loeffler s stain', 'Ziehl-Neelsen stain', 'India ink stain']","output":"Ziehl-Neelsen stain"} +{"instruction":"Most common indication for liver transplantation in children is","input":"Choices: ['Biliary atresia', 'Indian childhood cirrhosis', 'HCC', 'Hepatitis C infection']","output":"Biliary atresia"} +{"instruction":"All of the following are known risk factors for the development of ovarian carcinoma except :","input":"Choices: ['Family history of ovarian carcinoma', 'Use of oral pills', 'Use of Clomiphene', 'BRCA - 1 positive individual']","output":"Use of oral pills"} +{"instruction":"Lisfranc fracture dislocation involves","input":"Choices: ['Lunate', 'Scaphoid', 'Tarso-metatarsal', 'Capitate']","output":"Tarso-metatarsal"} +{"instruction":"First sign of pubertal development in female is –","input":"Choices: ['Breast enlargement', 'Onset of mesturation', 'Enlargement of pubic hair', 'Maximum growth velocity']","output":"Breast enlargement"} +{"instruction":"Koeppe's nodules are seen in -","input":"Choices: ['Granulomatous uveitis', 'Non granulomatous uveitis', 'Choroiditis', 'Pars planitis']","output":"Granulomatous uveitis"} +{"instruction":"Birth length of the baby doubles at","input":"Choices: ['6 months of age', '1 year of age', '2 years of age', '4 years of age']","output":"4 years of age"} +{"instruction":"Synchysis refers to:","input":"Choices: ['Liquefaction of the vitreous', 'Black spots in front of the eyes', 'Collapse of the vitreous', 'Detachment of the vitreous']","output":"Liquefaction of the vitreous"} +{"instruction":"What does Consultation-liaison (C-L) psychiatry involve?","input":"Choices: ['Medical illness of psychiatric patients', 'Psychiatric illness in medically ill', 'Suicidal tendency in psychiatric patients', 'Suicidal tendency in medically ill']","output":"Psychiatric illness in medically ill"} +{"instruction":"All of the following are neurologic channelopathies, except :","input":"Choices: ['Hypokalemic periodic paralysis', 'Episodic ataxias', 'Familial hemiplegic migraine', \"Huntington's disease\"]","output":"Huntington's disease"} +{"instruction":"SRK formula is used to calculate -","input":"Choices: ['Power of intraocular lens', 'Corneal curvature', 'Corneal endothelial cell count', 'Extent of retinal detachment']","output":"Power of intraocular lens"} +{"instruction":"All are among Charcot's triad except:","input":"Choices: ['Fever', 'Vomiting', 'Jaundice', 'Mental obtundation']","output":"Mental obtundation"} +{"instruction":"Resting membrane potential of muscle fibre is","input":"Choices: ['-60mv', '-70mv', '-80mv', '-90mv']","output":"-90mv"} +{"instruction":"A child with Thalassemia major has a history of treatment for cardiac arrhythmia due to iron overload. Now the child came for regular transfusion and while transfusion the child became anxious and developed complaints of backpain. What is the next management?","input":"Choices: ['ECG', 'Stop transfusion and look for clerical errors', 'Continue transfusion while monitoring for vitals', 'Check for reddish discolouration of urine']","output":"Stop transfusion and look for clerical errors"} +{"instruction":"Diagnostic criteria for blood stream infection from central venous catheter includes all except?","input":"Choices: ['Colony count from catheter culture is 5 times more than peripheral blood culture', 'Blood culture form catheter shows colony formation at least 2 hours before the peripheral blood culture', 'Quantitative catheter tip culture showing >103 CFU\/ catheter segment whereby the same organism is isolated from the catheter segment and a peripheral blood sample', 'Apparent source of blood stream infection present']","output":"Apparent source of blood stream infection present"} +{"instruction":"What is most common type of carcinoma of the right colon -","input":"Choices: ['Stenosing', 'Ulcerative', 'Tubular', 'Fungating']","output":"Ulcerative"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following is a constituent of MacConkey agar?","input":"Choices: ['Lactose', 'Casein', 'Neutral Red', 'All of the above']","output":"All of the above"} +{"instruction":"Non-motile among the Burkholderia is","input":"Choices: ['B. mallei', 'B. pseudomallei', 'B. cepaciae', 'B. bovis']","output":"B. mallei"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following obstetric condition can be detected using a Paogram?","input":"Choices: ['Abruptio placentae', 'Obstructed labour', 'Incoordinate uterine action', 'PPH']","output":"Obstructed labour"} +{"instruction":"The most radiosensitive tissue is:","input":"Choices: ['Brain', 'Bone marrow', 'Thyroid', 'Liver']","output":"Bone marrow"} +{"instruction":"A child with decreased levels of LH, FSH and Testosterone presents with delayed pubey. Which of the following is the most likely Diagnosis","input":"Choices: [\"Klinfelter's syndrome\", \"Kallman's syndrome\", 'Androgen Insensitive syndrome', 'Testicular infection']","output":"Kallman's syndrome"} +{"instruction":"Acantholysis is characteristic of –","input":"Choices: ['Pemphigus vulgaris', 'Pemphigoid', 'Erythema multoforme', 'Dermatitis herpetifonnis']","output":"Pemphigus vulgaris"} +{"instruction":"Hydatidiform -- mole is characterized histologically by :","input":"Choices: ['Hyaline membrane degeneration', 'Hydropic degeneration of the villous stroma', 'Non proliferation of cytotrophoblast', 'Non proliferation of syncytiotrophoblast']","output":"Hydropic degeneration of the villous stroma"} +{"instruction":"Oxime is not useful in case of which poisoning","input":"Choices: ['Parathion', 'Carbaryl', 'Malathion', 'Phosmet']","output":"Carbaryl"} +{"instruction":"Children with Thalassemia and Iron overload are at an increased risk for infection with:","input":"Choices: ['Yersinia Enterocolitica', 'Campylobacter jejuni', 'Escherichia coli', 'Vibrio cholera']","output":"Yersinia Enterocolitica"} +{"instruction":"Chronic Burrowing ulcer is caused by:","input":"Choices: ['Microaerophilic streptococci', 'Peptostreptococcus', 'Streptococcus viridans', 'Streptococcus pyogenes']","output":"Microaerophilic streptococci"} +{"instruction":"True about circumcaval ureter ?","input":"Choices: ['Developmental anomaly of ureter', 'Ureter passes in front of IVC from lateral to medial', 'Mostly involves right ureter', 'Type 2 is more common']","output":"Mostly involves right ureter"} +{"instruction":"which of the following is a side effect of vagal nerve stimulation","input":"Choices: ['paradoxical suicide', 'voice alteration', 'aaythmia', 'epilepsy']","output":"voice alteration"} +{"instruction":"Drug used to perform stress ECHO –","input":"Choices: ['Thallium', 'Dobutamine', 'Adrenaline', 'Adenosine']","output":"Dobutamine"} +{"instruction":"Contraceptive contraindicated during lactation is:","input":"Choices: ['Combined OCP', 'IUD', 'Progesterone only pill', 'None']","output":"Combined OCP"} +{"instruction":"Which of the following statements about Cushing's disease is true?","input":"Choices: ['Serum adrenocoicotropin (ACTH) levels usually are low', 'Pituitary microadenoma usually is present', 'There is a high incidence of nonendocrine tumors', 'Nonsuppression of coisol production by the high-dose dexamethasone suppression test is a characteristic finding']","output":"Pituitary microadenoma usually is present"} +{"instruction":"Myasthenics are resistant to following muscle relaxant –","input":"Choices: ['Suxamethonium', 'Pancurium', 'Atracuronium', 'Vecuronium']","output":"Suxamethonium"} +{"instruction":"The ability of a screening test to detect \"true positive\" is known as -","input":"Choices: ['Sensitivity', 'Specificity', 'Positive predictive value', 'Negative predictive value']","output":"Sensitivity"} +{"instruction":"N-myc gene amplification is seen in which of the following tumors?","input":"Choices: [\"Burkitt's lymphoma\", 'Small cell lung carcinoma', 'Neuroblastoma', 'All of the above']","output":"Neuroblastoma"} +{"instruction":"True regarding battered baby syndrome","input":"Choices: ['Multiple injuries at different ages', 'Skull bone fracture', 'Fracture of long bone shafts', 'Stab injury']","output":"Multiple injuries at different ages"} +{"instruction":"On medical check up of a Punjabi student following findings were seen Hb of 9.9gm\/dl,, RBC count of 5-lmillion, MCV of 62.5 fl and RDW of 13.51%. What is the most probable diagnosis?","input":"Choices: ['HbD', 'Thalassemia trait', 'Iron deficiency anemia', 'Anemia of chronic disease']","output":"Thalassemia trait"} +{"instruction":"Which is rheumatic ahritis autoantibody -","input":"Choices: ['Anti DLE', 'Anti CCP', 'Anti ds DNA', 'Anti histone']","output":"Anti CCP"} +{"instruction":"All of the following are vitamin K dependent coagulation factors except :","input":"Choices: ['Factor X', 'Factor VII', 'Factor II', 'Factor VIII']","output":"Factor VIII"} +{"instruction":"In which of the following chronic Conditions, degenerative changes in the brain are Seen which are not a pa of normal ageing?","input":"Choices: ['Dementia', 'Pseudodementia', 'Amnestic synrome', 'Delirium']","output":"Amnestic synrome"} +{"instruction":"Transverse vaginal septum corresponds to :","input":"Choices: ['External Os', 'Vesical neck', 'Bladder base', 'Hymen']","output":"External Os"} +{"instruction":"Exudation of plasma and Leucocytes in acute inflamation is from the -","input":"Choices: ['Venules', 'Capillaries', 'Aerioles', 'Aerioles and capillaries']","output":"Venules"} +{"instruction":"Maximum blood in the body lies in","input":"Choices: ['Aoa', 'Veins', 'Hea', 'Aerioles']","output":"Veins"} +{"instruction":"Three point bony relationship around the elbow is not disturbed in which of the following -","input":"Choices: ['Fracture supracondylar humerus', 'Fracture medial condyle of distal humerus', 'Fracture lateral condyle of distal humerus', 'Posterior dislocation of elbow']","output":"Fracture supracondylar humerus"} diff --git a/randy/minicpmv_4b_1.yaml b/randy/minicpmv_4b_1.yaml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..7a395fe1f4 --- /dev/null +++ b/randy/minicpmv_4b_1.yaml @@ -0,0 +1,54 @@ +### model +model: /nas_train/app.e0016372/models/openbmb/MiniCPM-V-4.6-4B + +### method +# debug: true +stage: sft +tuner_type: full +lora_rank: 16 +lora_alpha: 32 +freeze_vit: true +freeze_llm: true +freeze_aligner: false + +### optimize +attn_impl: flash_attn +use_liger_kernel: false +gradient_checkpointing: false +gradient_checkpointing_kwargs: {"use_reentrant": false} + +### dataset +dataset: llava_pretrain_558k +packing: false +max_length: 4096 +# max_pixels: 2560000 +dataloader_num_workers: 8 +dataloader_persistent_workers: true +# split_dataset_ratio: 0.01 +load_from_cache_file: true + +### output +output_dir: /nas_train/app.e0016372/train/sft/full/MiniCPM-V-4.6-4B +logging_steps: 10 +save_strategy: steps +save_steps: 200 +save_total_limit: 2 +report_to: tensorboard + +### train +per_device_train_batch_size: 8 +gradient_accumulation_steps: 4 +weight_decay: 0.0 +warmup_ratio: 0.03 +learning_rate: 1e-4 +num_train_epochs: 1.0 +lr_scheduler_type: cosine_with_min_lr +lr_scheduler_kwargs: {"min_lr": 1e-6} +torch_dtype: bfloat16 +deepspeed: zero2 + +### plugins +external_plugins: + - randy/plugins/model.py + - randy/plugins/dataset.py + - randy/plugins/template.py diff --git a/randy/minicpmv_4b_2.yaml b/randy/minicpmv_4b_2.yaml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..92be4eb9ac --- /dev/null +++ b/randy/minicpmv_4b_2.yaml @@ -0,0 +1,55 @@ +### model +model: /nas_train/app.e0016372/train/sft/full/MiniCPM-V-4.6-4B/v0-20260520-135446/checkpoint-2181 + +### method +# debug: true +stage: sft +tuner_type: full +lora_rank: 16 +lora_alpha: 32 +freeze_vit: false +freeze_llm: false +freeze_aligner: false + +### optimize +attn_impl: flash_attn +use_liger_kernel: false +gradient_checkpointing: true +gradient_checkpointing_kwargs: {"use_reentrant": false} + +### dataset +cached_dataset: + - /nas_user/app.e0016372/datasets/LLaVA-OneVision-1.5-Mid-Training-3M/minicpmv/train +packing: true +max_length: 8192 +# max_pixels: 2560000 +dataloader_num_workers: 8 +dataloader_persistent_workers: true +# split_dataset_ratio: 0.01 +load_from_cache_file: true + +### output +output_dir: /nas_train/app.e0016372/train/sft/full/MiniCPM-V-4.6-4B +logging_steps: 10 +save_strategy: steps +save_steps: 200 +save_total_limit: 2 +report_to: tensorboard + +### train +per_device_train_batch_size: 2 +gradient_accumulation_steps: 4 +weight_decay: 0.0 +warmup_ratio: 0.03 +learning_rate: 1e-5 +num_train_epochs: 1.0 +lr_scheduler_type: cosine_with_min_lr +lr_scheduler_kwargs: {"min_lr": 1e-6} +torch_dtype: bfloat16 +deepspeed: zero2 + +### plugins +external_plugins: + - randy/plugins/model.py + - randy/plugins/dataset.py + - randy/plugins/template.py diff --git a/randy/minicpmv_4b_3.yaml b/randy/minicpmv_4b_3.yaml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..28582ae2af --- /dev/null +++ b/randy/minicpmv_4b_3.yaml @@ -0,0 +1,54 @@ +### model +model: /nas_train/app.e0016372/train/sft/full/MiniCPM-V-4.6-4B/v1-20260527-222753/checkpoint-1410 + +### method +# debug: true +stage: sft +tuner_type: full +lora_rank: 16 +lora_alpha: 32 +freeze_vit: false +freeze_llm: false +freeze_aligner: false + +### optimize +attn_impl: flash_attn +use_liger_kernel: false +gradient_checkpointing: true +gradient_checkpointing_kwargs: {"use_reentrant": false} + +### dataset +dataset: llava_next_780k +padding_free: true +max_length: 8192 +# max_pixels: 2560000 +dataloader_num_workers: 8 +dataloader_persistent_workers: true +# split_dataset_ratio: 0.01 +# load_from_cache_file: true + +### output +output_dir: /nas_train/app.e0016372/train/sft/full/MiniCPM-V-4.6-4B +logging_steps: 10 +save_strategy: steps +save_steps: 200 +save_total_limit: 2 +report_to: tensorboard + +### train +per_device_train_batch_size: 2 +gradient_accumulation_steps: 4 +weight_decay: 0.0 +warmup_ratio: 0.03 +learning_rate: 1e-5 +num_train_epochs: 1.0 +lr_scheduler_type: cosine_with_min_lr +lr_scheduler_kwargs: {"min_lr": 1e-6} +torch_dtype: bfloat16 +deepspeed: zero2 + +### plugins +external_plugins: + - randy/plugins/model.py + - randy/plugins/dataset.py + - randy/plugins/template.py diff --git a/randy/openbee/llava_4b_1.yaml b/randy/openbee/llava_4b_1.yaml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..95f1f28f91 --- /dev/null +++ b/randy/openbee/llava_4b_1.yaml @@ -0,0 +1,50 @@ +### model +model: /nas_train/app.e0016372/models/lmms-lab/LLaVA-OneVision-1.5-4B + +### method +# debug: true +stage: sft +tuner_type: full +freeze_vit: true +freeze_llm: true +freeze_aligner: false + +### optimize +attn_impl: flash_attn +use_liger_kernel: false +vit_gradient_checkpointing: false +gradient_checkpointing_kwargs: {"use_reentrant": false} + +### dataset +cached_dataset: + - /nas_user/app.e0016372/datasets/Open-Bee/Bee-Training-Data-Stage1/cache/train +packing: true +max_length: 8192 +max_pixels: 2560000 +dataloader_num_workers: 8 +dataloader_persistent_workers: true +# split_dataset_ratio: 0.01 +# load_from_cache_file: true + +### output +output_dir: /nas_train/app.e0016372/train/LLaVA-OneVision-1.5-4B/openbee +logging_steps: 10 +save_strategy: steps +save_steps: 100 +save_total_limit: 1 +report_to: tensorboard + +### train +per_device_train_batch_size: 2 +gradient_accumulation_steps: 4 +weight_decay: 0.01 +warmup_ratio: 0.03 +learning_rate: 1e-3 +num_train_epochs: 1.0 +lr_scheduler_type: cosine +torch_dtype: bfloat16 +deepspeed: zero2 + +### plugins +external_plugins: + - randy/plugins/dataset.py diff --git a/randy/openbee/llava_4b_2.yaml b/randy/openbee/llava_4b_2.yaml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..0a27fd0be8 --- /dev/null +++ b/randy/openbee/llava_4b_2.yaml @@ -0,0 +1,50 @@ +### model +model: /nas_train/app.e0016372/train/LLaVA-OneVision-1.5-4B/openbee/v0 + +### method +# debug: true +stage: sft +tuner_type: full +freeze_vit: false +freeze_llm: false +freeze_aligner: false + +### optimize +attn_impl: flash_attn +use_liger_kernel: false +vit_gradient_checkpointing: true +gradient_checkpointing_kwargs: {"use_reentrant": false} + +### dataset +cached_dataset: + - /nas_user/app.e0016372/datasets/Open-Bee/Bee-Training-Data-Stage2/cache/train +packing: true +max_length: 16384 +max_pixels: 2560000 +dataloader_num_workers: 8 +dataloader_persistent_workers: true +# split_dataset_ratio: 0.01 +# load_from_cache_file: true + +### output +output_dir: /nas_train/app.e0016372/train/LLaVA-OneVision-1.5-4B/openbee +logging_steps: 10 +save_strategy: steps +save_steps: 500 +save_total_limit: 1 +report_to: tensorboard + +### train +per_device_train_batch_size: 1 +gradient_accumulation_steps: 4 +weight_decay: 0.01 +warmup_ratio: 0.03 +learning_rate: 4e-5 +num_train_epochs: 1.0 +lr_scheduler_type: cosine +torch_dtype: bfloat16 +deepspeed: zero2 + +### plugins +external_plugins: + - randy/plugins/dataset.py diff --git a/randy/openbee/llava_4b_3.yaml b/randy/openbee/llava_4b_3.yaml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..81cb1d458f --- /dev/null +++ b/randy/openbee/llava_4b_3.yaml @@ -0,0 +1,50 @@ +### model +model: /nas_train/app.e0016372/train/LLaVA-OneVision-1.5-4B/openbee/v1 + +### method +# debug: true +stage: sft +tuner_type: full +freeze_vit: false +freeze_llm: false +freeze_aligner: false + +### optimize +attn_impl: flash_attn +use_liger_kernel: false +vit_gradient_checkpointing: true +gradient_checkpointing_kwargs: {"use_reentrant": false} + +### dataset +cached_dataset: + - /nas_user/app.e0016372/datasets/Open-Bee/Honey-Data-15M/cache/train +packing: true +max_length: 16384 +max_pixels: 2560000 +dataloader_num_workers: 8 +dataloader_persistent_workers: true +# split_dataset_ratio: 0.01 +# load_from_cache_file: true + +### output +output_dir: /nas_train/app.e0016372/train/LLaVA-OneVision-1.5-4B/openbee +logging_steps: 10 +save_strategy: steps +save_steps: 500 +save_total_limit: 1 +report_to: tensorboard + +### train +per_device_train_batch_size: 1 +gradient_accumulation_steps: 4 +weight_decay: 0.01 +warmup_ratio: 0.03 +learning_rate: 5e-5 +num_train_epochs: 1.0 +lr_scheduler_type: cosine +torch_dtype: bfloat16 +deepspeed: zero2 + +### plugins +external_plugins: + - randy/plugins/dataset.py diff --git a/randy/openbee/llava_4b_4.yaml b/randy/openbee/llava_4b_4.yaml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..6a180be49b --- /dev/null +++ b/randy/openbee/llava_4b_4.yaml @@ -0,0 +1,51 @@ +### model +model: /nas_train/app.e0016372/train/LLaVA-OneVision-1.5-4B/openbee/v2 + +### method +# debug: true +stage: sft +tuner_type: full +freeze_vit: false +freeze_llm: false +freeze_aligner: false + +### optimize +attn_impl: flash_attn +use_liger_kernel: false +vit_gradient_checkpointing: true +gradient_checkpointing_kwargs: {"use_reentrant": false} + +### dataset +cached_dataset: + - /nas_user/app.e0016372/datasets/Open-Bee/Honey-Data-1M/cache/train +packing: true +max_length: 16384 +max_pixels: 2560000 +dataloader_num_workers: 8 +dataloader_persistent_workers: true +# split_dataset_ratio: 0.01 +# load_from_cache_file: true + +### output +output_dir: /nas_train/app.e0016372/train/LLaVA-OneVision-1.5-4B/openbee +logging_steps: 10 +save_strategy: steps +save_steps: 100 +save_total_limit: 1 +report_to: tensorboard + +### train +per_device_train_batch_size: 1 +gradient_accumulation_steps: 4 +weight_decay: 0.01 +warmup_ratio: 0.03 +learning_rate: 3e-5 +num_train_epochs: 1.0 +lr_scheduler_type: cosine_with_min_lr +lr_scheduler_kwargs: {"min_lr": 5e-6} +torch_dtype: bfloat16 +deepspeed: zero2 + +### plugins +external_plugins: + - randy/plugins/dataset.py diff --git a/randy/plugins/dataset.py b/randy/plugins/dataset.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..1a7bed59e8 --- /dev/null +++ b/randy/plugins/dataset.py @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@ +import os +from pathlib import Path +from omegaconf import OmegaConf +from swift.dataset import DatasetMeta, ResponsePreprocessor, register_dataset + + +class CaptionPreprocessor(ResponsePreprocessor): + def preprocess(self, row): + query = '' + response = row.pop('caption', None) + row.update({ + 'query': query, + 'response': response, + }) + return super().preprocess(row) + + +PREPROCESSOR_MAP = { + 'CaptionPreprocessor': CaptionPreprocessor, +} + +PROJ_DIR = Path(__file__).parents[2].resolve() +WORK_DIR = PROJ_DIR.parents[1].resolve() +os.environ['WORK_DIR'] = str(WORK_DIR) + +dataset_info = OmegaConf.load(PROJ_DIR.joinpath('randy/dataset_info.json')) +dataset_info = OmegaConf.to_container(dataset_info, resolve=True) + +for info in dataset_info: + if 'preprocess_func' in info: + info['preprocess_func'] = PREPROCESSOR_MAP[info['preprocess_func']]() + register_dataset(DatasetMeta(**info)) diff --git a/randy/plugins/model.py b/randy/plugins/model.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..318941b687 --- /dev/null +++ b/randy/plugins/model.py @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +from swift.model import ( + ModelMeta, + ModelLoader, + register_model, +) + + +class LlavaQwen3Loader(ModelLoader): + def get_model(self, model_dir, *args, **kwargs): + from transformers import LlavaForConditionalGeneration + self.auto_model_cls = self.auto_model_cls or LlavaForConditionalGeneration + return super().get_model(model_dir, *args, **kwargs) + + +register_model( + ModelMeta( + 'llava_qwen3', + [], + LlavaQwen3Loader, + template='llava_qwen3', + model_arch='llava_hf', + architectures=['LlavaForConditionalGeneration'], + is_multimodal=True, + ) +) diff --git a/randy/plugins/reward.py b/randy/plugins/reward.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..11bf5bd29c --- /dev/null +++ b/randy/plugins/reward.py @@ -0,0 +1,85 @@ +import re +import math +import textwrap +from swift.utils import get_logger +from swift.plugin import ORM, orms, rm_plugins + +logger = get_logger() + + +class AccReward(ORM): + def _extract_answer(self, text): + match = re.search(r'(.*?)', text) + return match.group(1).strip() if match else text.strip() + + def __call__(self, completions, solution, **kwargs): + rewards = [] + for output, answer in zip(completions, solution): + try: + correct = self._extract_answer(answer) + generated = self._extract_answer(output) + reward = 1.0 if generated == correct else 0.0 + except Exception: + reward = 0.0 + rewards.append(reward) + print_rewards = [f'{x:.2f}' for x in rewards] + logger.info(f'acc_reward: {print_rewards}') + return rewards + + +class GaussReward(ORM): + def __init__(self, target=1024, sigma=256): + self.target = target + self.sigma = sigma + + def __call__(self, completions, **kwargs): + rewards = [] + for ids in kwargs.get('response_token_ids'): + exponent = -((len(ids) - self.target) ** 2) / (2 * self.sigma ** 2) + reward = math.exp(exponent) - 1.0 + rewards.append(reward) + print_rewards = [f'{x:.2f}' for x in rewards] + logger.info(f'gauss_reward: {print_rewards}') + return rewards + + +class CosineReward(ORM): + def __init__(self, + cosine_min_len_value_wrong=-0.5, + cosine_max_len_value_wrong=0.0, + cosine_min_len_value_correct=1.0, + cosine_max_len_value_correct=0.5, + cosine_max_len=1024 + ): + self.min_wrong = cosine_min_len_value_wrong + self.max_wrong = cosine_max_len_value_wrong + self.min_correct = cosine_min_len_value_correct + self.max_correct = cosine_max_len_value_correct + self.max_len = cosine_max_len + self.acc_orm = AccReward() + + def cos_interp(self, t, T, minv, maxv): + return maxv - (maxv - minv) * (1 - math.cos(t * math.pi / T)) / 2 + + def __call__(self, completions, solution, **kwargs): + acc_rewards = self.acc_orm(completions, solution, **kwargs) + token_ids = kwargs.get('response_token_ids') + rewards = [] + for ids, acc_reward in zip(token_ids, acc_rewards): + is_correct = acc_reward >= 1.0 + if is_correct: + min_value = self.max_correct + max_value = self.min_correct + else: + min_value = self.max_wrong + max_value = self.min_wrong + reward = self.cos_interp(len(ids), self.max_len, min_value, max_value) + rewards.append(reward) + print_rewards = [f'{x:.2f}' for x in rewards] + logger.info(f'cosine_reward: {print_rewards}') + return rewards + + +orms['acc_reward'] = AccReward +orms['gauss_reward'] = GaussReward +orms['cosine_reward'] = CosineReward diff --git a/randy/plugins/template.py b/randy/plugins/template.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..060cd7d5bc --- /dev/null +++ b/randy/plugins/template.py @@ -0,0 +1,61 @@ +from swift.template import Template, register_template +from swift.template.templates.llava import QwenTemplateMeta + + +class LlavaQwen3Template(Template): + image_token_id = 151655 + placeholder_tokens = ['<|image_pad|>'] + + def replace_tag(self, media_type, index, inputs): + assert media_type == 'image' + from qwen_vl_utils import fetch_image + inputs.images[index] = fetch_image({'image': inputs.images[index]}) + return ['<|vision_start|><|image_pad|><|vision_end|>'] + + def _encode(self, inputs): + # 1. Encode text part using parent logic + encoded = super()._encode(inputs) + + if not inputs.images: return encoded + + # 2. Process images -> pixel_values + image_tensors = self.processor.image_processor( + inputs.images, return_tensors='pt' + ).to(self.model_info.torch_dtype) + + pixel_values = image_tensors['pixel_values'] + encoded['pixel_values'] = pixel_values + + input_ids = encoded['input_ids'] + labels = encoded['labels'] + + # 3. Compute how many visual tokens one image expands to + patch_size = self.processor.patch_size + height, width = pixel_values[0].shape[-2:] + num_visual_tokens = (height // patch_size) * (width // patch_size) + + # 4. Expand image placeholder token into visual tokens + new_input_ids = [] + new_labels = [] + + for idx, token_id in enumerate(input_ids): + if token_id == self.image_token_id: + # Replace single image token with N visual tokens + new_input_ids.extend([self.image_token_id] * num_visual_tokens) + new_labels.extend([-100] * num_visual_tokens) + else: + new_input_ids.append(token_id) + new_labels.append(labels[idx]) + + encoded['input_ids'] = new_input_ids + encoded['labels'] = new_labels + + return encoded + + +register_template( + QwenTemplateMeta( + template_type='llava_qwen3', + template_cls=LlavaQwen3Template + ) +) diff --git a/randy/r1_5/llava_4b_2.yaml b/randy/r1_5/llava_4b_2.yaml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..f3746520ab --- /dev/null +++ b/randy/r1_5/llava_4b_2.yaml @@ -0,0 +1,56 @@ +### model +model: /nas_train/app.e0016372/train/sft/full/LLaVA-OneVision-1.5-4B/v0-20260413-170118/checkpoint-2181 + +### method +# debug: true +stage: sft +tuner_type: full +lora_rank: 16 +lora_alpha: 32 +freeze_vit: false +freeze_llm: false +freeze_aligner: false + +### optimize +attn_impl: flash_attn +use_liger_kernel: false +vit_gradient_checkpointing: true +gradient_checkpointing_kwargs: {"use_reentrant": false} + +### dataset +cached_dataset: + # - /nas_user/app.e0016372/datasets/cxmt/defects/cache/train + - /nas_user/app.e0016372/datasets/LLaVA-OneVision-1.5-Mid-Training-3M/cache/train +packing: true +max_length: 8192 +max_pixels: 2560000 +dataloader_num_workers: 8 +dataloader_persistent_workers: true +# split_dataset_ratio: 0.01 +# load_from_cache_file: true + +### output +output_dir: /nas_train/app.e0016372/train/sft/full/LLaVA-OneVision-1.5-4B +logging_steps: 10 +save_strategy: steps +save_steps: 200 +save_total_limit: 2 +report_to: tensorboard + +### train +per_device_train_batch_size: 2 +gradient_accumulation_steps: 1 +weight_decay: .01 +warmup_ratio: .002 +learning_rate: 5e-5 +num_train_epochs: 1.0 +lr_scheduler_type: cosine_with_min_lr +lr_scheduler_kwargs: {"min_lr": 1e-6} +torch_dtype: bfloat16 +deepspeed: zero2 + +### plugins +external_plugins: + - randy/plugins/model.py + - randy/plugins/dataset.py + - randy/plugins/template.py diff --git a/randy/r1_5/llava_4b_3.yaml b/randy/r1_5/llava_4b_3.yaml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..e1f3b2b6e1 --- /dev/null +++ b/randy/r1_5/llava_4b_3.yaml @@ -0,0 +1,54 @@ +### model +model: /nas_train/app.e0016372/train/sft/full/LLaVA-OneVision-1.5-4B/v3-20260610-214650/checkpoint-2375 + +### method +# debug: true +stage: sft +tuner_type: full +lora_rank: 16 +lora_alpha: 32 +freeze_vit: false +freeze_llm: false +freeze_aligner: false + +### optimize +attn_impl: flash_attn +use_liger_kernel: false +vit_gradient_checkpointing: true +gradient_checkpointing_kwargs: {"use_reentrant": false} + +### dataset +dataset: llava_next_780k +padding_free: true +max_length: 16384 +max_pixels: 2560000 +dataloader_num_workers: 8 +dataloader_persistent_workers: true +# split_dataset_ratio: 0.01 +# load_from_cache_file: true + +### output +output_dir: /nas_train/app.e0016372/train/sft/full/LLaVA-OneVision-1.5-4B +logging_steps: 10 +save_strategy: steps +save_steps: 200 +save_total_limit: 2 +report_to: tensorboard + +### train +per_device_train_batch_size: 1 +gradient_accumulation_steps: 4 +weight_decay: 0.0 +warmup_ratio: .002 +learning_rate: 1e-5 +num_train_epochs: 1.0 +lr_scheduler_type: cosine_with_min_lr +lr_scheduler_kwargs: {"min_lr": 1e-6} +torch_dtype: bfloat16 +deepspeed: zero2 + +### plugins +external_plugins: + - randy/plugins/model.py + - randy/plugins/dataset.py + - randy/plugins/template.py diff --git a/randy/tools/merge_json.py b/randy/tools/merge_json.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..15215664cc --- /dev/null +++ b/randy/tools/merge_json.py @@ -0,0 +1,86 @@ +import orjson +import jsonlines +import subprocess +from tqdm import tqdm +from pathlib import Path +from multiprocessing import Pool, cpu_count + + +def get_files(input_dir, suffix): + result = subprocess.run( + [ + 'find', str(input_dir), + '-maxdepth', '1', + '-type', 'f', + '-name', f'*{suffix}' + ], + stdout=subprocess.PIPE, + stderr=subprocess.DEVNULL, + text=True + ) + return result.stdout.splitlines() + + +def get_paired_files(input_dir): + json_files = get_files(input_dir, '.json') + jpg_files = get_files(input_dir, '.jpg') + + json_stems = {Path(p).stem for p in json_files} + jpg_stems = {Path(p).stem for p in jpg_files} + + paired_stems = json_stems & jpg_stems + + return [input_dir / f'{stem}.json' for stem in paired_stems] + + +def process_subset(args): + parent_dir, subset = args + input_dir = parent_dir / subset + output_file = input_dir.with_suffix('.jsonl') + + json_files = get_paired_files(input_dir) + + with jsonlines.open(output_file, mode='w') as writer: + for json_file in json_files: + try: + with open(json_file, 'rb') as f: + data = orjson.loads(f.read()) + if isinstance(data, list): + writer.write_all(data) + elif isinstance(data, dict): + writer.write(data) + except Exception: + pass + + print(f'{subset}: {len(json_files)}') + + +def main(): + parent_dir = Path('/nas_train/app.e0016372/datasets/LLaVA-OneVision-1.5-Mid-Training-85M') + parent_dir = Path('/nas_train/app.e0016372/datasets/OmniScience') + + subsets = [ + # 'coyo', + # 'datacomp1b', + # 'imagenet', + # 'laioncn', + # 'mint', + # 'obelics', + 'images', + ] + + num_workers = min(len(subsets), cpu_count()) + tasks = [(parent_dir, subset) for subset in subsets] + + with Pool(processes=num_workers) as pool: + list(tqdm( + pool.imap_unordered(process_subset, tasks), + total=len(tasks), + desc='Processing subsets' + )) + + print('\n=== 完成 ===') + + +if __name__ == '__main__': + main() diff --git a/randy/tools/process_finevision.py b/randy/tools/process_finevision.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..ede70bd408 --- /dev/null +++ b/randy/tools/process_finevision.py @@ -0,0 +1,162 @@ +import re +import shutil +import filetype +import jsonlines +import numpy as np +import pandas as pd +from tqdm import tqdm +from pathlib import Path +from loguru import logger +from multiprocessing import Pool, cpu_count + + +DATA_ROOT = Path( + # '/nas_train/app.e0031982/datasets/mvp-lab/LLaVA-OneVision-1.5-Instruct-Data' + '/nas_train/app.e0031982/datasets/FineVision' +) +OUTPUT_ROOT = Path( + # '/nas_user/app.e0016372/datasets/LLaVA-OneVision-1.5-Instruct-Data' + '/nas_user/app.e0016372/datasets/FineVision' +) + +ERROR_LOG = OUTPUT_ROOT / 'error.log' +IMAGE_ROOT = OUTPUT_ROOT / 'images' +JSONL_ROOT = OUTPUT_ROOT / 'jsonl' + + +def normalize_images(images): + if isinstance(images, (list, np.ndarray)): + return images + elif isinstance(images, dict): + return [images] + else: + return [] + + +def validate_messages(messages): + if not messages: + raise ValueError('messages empty after filtering system messages') + if messages[0]['role'] != 'user': + raise ValueError('conversation must start with user') + for i in range(1, len(messages)): + if messages[i - 1]['role'] == messages[i]['role']: + raise ValueError( + f'roles not alternating at index {i}: ' + f"{messages[i - 1]['role']} -> {messages[i]['role']}" + ) + + +def ensure_image_prefix(messages, num_images): + if num_images <= 0: + return + content = messages[0]['content'] + for p in (r'^\s*(?:\s*)+', r'(?:\s*)+\s*$'): + content = re.sub(p, '', content) + prefix = '\n'.join([''] * num_images) + messages[0]['content'] = f'{prefix}\n{content}' if content else prefix + + +def normalize_messages(raw_messages, num_images=0): + messages = [] + for idx, item in enumerate(raw_messages): + if role := item.get('from'): + if role == 'system': + continue + role_map = {'human': 'user', 'gpt': 'assistant'} + if role not in role_map: + raise ValueError(f'message[{idx}] invalid from: {role}') + role = role_map[role] + content = item.get('value') + elif role := item.get('role'): + if role == 'system': + continue + if role not in {'user', 'assistant'}: + raise ValueError(f'message[{idx}] invalid role: {role}') + content = item.get('content') + else: + assert item.get('user') + messages.append({'role': 'user', 'content': item['user']}) + role, content = 'assistant', item['assistant'] + + if not content: + raise ValueError(f'message[{idx}] empty content') + + messages.append({'role': role, 'content': content}) + + validate_messages(messages) + ensure_image_prefix(messages, num_images) + return messages + + +def save_image(image_data, image_dir, sample_name): + image_bytes = image_data['bytes'] + suffix = filetype.guess_extension(image_bytes) or 'png' + image_path = image_dir / f'{sample_name}.{suffix}' + image_path.write_bytes(image_bytes) + return str(image_path) + + +def process_sample(row, dataset_name, parquet_stem, idx, image_dir): + images = normalize_images(row.images) + record = { + 'id': f'{dataset_name}/{parquet_stem}_{idx}', + 'messages': normalize_messages(row.messages, num_images=len(images)), + } + if len(images) > 0: + record['images'] = [ + save_image(image, image_dir, f'{parquet_stem}_{idx}_{i}') + for i, image in enumerate(images) + ] + return record + + +def process_parquet(parquet_path): + dataset_name = parquet_path.parent.name + image_dir = IMAGE_ROOT / dataset_name + jsonl_dir = JSONL_ROOT / dataset_name + + image_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True) + jsonl_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True) + + output_file = jsonl_dir / f'{parquet_path.stem}.jsonl' + + try: + df = pd.read_parquet(parquet_path, columns=['texts', 'images']) + # df = pd.read_parquet(parquet_path, columns=['conversations', 'image']) + df.columns = ['messages', 'images'] + + with jsonlines.open(output_file, mode='w') as writer: + for idx, row in enumerate(df.itertuples(index=False)): + try: + record = process_sample(row, dataset_name, parquet_path.stem, idx, image_dir) + writer.write(record) + except Exception as e: + logger.error(f'{parquet_path} | row={idx} | {repr(e)}') + except Exception as e: + logger.error(f'{parquet_path} | parquet_error | {repr(e)}') + + +def main(): + shutil.rmtree(IMAGE_ROOT, ignore_errors=True) + shutil.rmtree(JSONL_ROOT, ignore_errors=True) + OUTPUT_ROOT.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True) + + logger.remove() + logger.add(ERROR_LOG, level='ERROR', enqueue=True) + + parquet_files = list(DATA_ROOT.glob('*/*.parquet')) + # parquet_files = parquet_files[:2] + + print(len(parquet_files)) + if not parquet_files: return + + n_workers = min(cpu_count(), len(parquet_files)) + with Pool(processes=n_workers, maxtasksperchild=10) as pool: + list(tqdm( + pool.imap_unordered(process_parquet, parquet_files), + total=len(parquet_files) + )) + + +if __name__ == '__main__': + main() diff --git a/randy/tools/process_openbee.py b/randy/tools/process_openbee.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..e7c13466cd --- /dev/null +++ b/randy/tools/process_openbee.py @@ -0,0 +1,166 @@ +import re +import shutil +import hashlib +import filetype +import jsonlines +import numpy as np +import pandas as pd +from tqdm import tqdm +from pathlib import Path +from loguru import logger +from multiprocessing import Pool, cpu_count + + +DATA_ROOT = Path( + '/nas_train/app.e0016372/datasets/Open-Bee/Bee-Training-Data-Stage1' + # '/nas_train/app.e0016372/datasets/Open-Bee/Bee-Training-Data-Stage2' + # '/nas_train/app.e0016372/datasets/Open-Bee/Honey-Data-15M' + # '/nas_train/app.e0016372/datasets/Open-Bee/Honey-Data-1M' +) +OUTPUT_ROOT = Path( + '/nas_user/app.e0016372/datasets/Open-Bee' +).joinpath(DATA_ROOT.name) + +ERROR_LOG = OUTPUT_ROOT / 'error.log' +IMAGE_ROOT = OUTPUT_ROOT / 'images' +JSONL_ROOT = OUTPUT_ROOT / 'jsonl' + + +def compute_hash(x): + return hashlib.md5(str(x).encode()).hexdigest() + + +def normalize_images(images): + if isinstance(images, (list, np.ndarray)): + return images + elif isinstance(images, dict): + return [images] + else: + return [] + + +def validate_messages(messages): + if not messages: + raise ValueError('messages empty after filtering system messages') + if messages[0]['role'] != 'user': + raise ValueError('conversation must start with user') + for i in range(1, len(messages)): + if messages[i - 1]['role'] == messages[i]['role']: + raise ValueError( + f'roles not alternating at index {i}: ' + f"{messages[i - 1]['role']} -> {messages[i]['role']}" + ) + + +def ensure_image_prefix(messages, num_images): + if num_images <= 0: + return + content = messages[0]['content'] + for p in (r'^\s*(?:\s*)+', r'(?:\s*)+\s*$'): + content = re.sub(p, '', content) + prefix = '\n'.join([''] * num_images) + messages[0]['content'] = f'{prefix}\n{content}' if content else prefix + + +def normalize_messages(raw_messages, num_images=0): + messages = [] + for idx, item in enumerate(raw_messages): + if role := item.get('from'): + if role == 'system': + continue + role_map = {'human': 'user', 'gpt': 'assistant'} + if role not in role_map: + raise ValueError(f'message[{idx}] invalid from: {role}') + role = role_map[role] + content = item.get('value') + elif role := item.get('role'): + if role == 'system': + continue + if role not in {'user', 'assistant'}: + raise ValueError(f'message[{idx}] invalid role: {role}') + content = item.get('content') + else: + assert item.get('user') + messages.append({'role': 'user', 'content': item['user']}) + role, content = 'assistant', item['assistant'] + + if not content: + raise ValueError(f'message[{idx}] empty content') + + messages.append({'role': role, 'content': content}) + + validate_messages(messages) + # ensure_image_prefix(messages, num_images) + return messages + + +def save_image(image_data, image_dir, sample_name): + image_bytes = image_data['bytes'] + suffix = filetype.guess_extension(image_bytes) or 'png' + image_path = image_dir / f'{sample_name}.{suffix}' + image_path.write_bytes(image_bytes) + return str(image_path) + + +def process_sample(row, parquet_path, idx, image_dir): + images = normalize_images(row.images) + record = { + 'id': f'{parquet_path}_{idx}', + 'messages': normalize_messages(row.messages, num_images=len(images)), + } + if len(images) > 0: + record['images'] = [ + save_image(image, image_dir, compute_hash(f'{parquet_path}_{idx}_{i}')) + for i, image in enumerate(images) + ] + return record + + +def process_parquet(parquet_path): + image_dir = IMAGE_ROOT / parquet_path.relative_to(DATA_ROOT).parent + jsonl_dir = JSONL_ROOT / parquet_path.relative_to(DATA_ROOT).parent + + image_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True) + jsonl_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True) + + output_file = jsonl_dir / f'{parquet_path.stem}.jsonl' + + try: + df = pd.read_parquet(parquet_path, columns=['conversations', 'images']) + df.columns = ['messages', 'images'] + + with jsonlines.open(output_file, mode='w') as writer: + for idx, row in enumerate(df.itertuples(index=False)): + try: + record = process_sample(row, parquet_path, idx, image_dir) + writer.write(record) + except Exception as e: + logger.error(f'{parquet_path} | row={idx} | {repr(e)}') + except Exception as e: + logger.error(f'{parquet_path} | parquet_error | {repr(e)}') + + +def main(): + shutil.rmtree(IMAGE_ROOT, ignore_errors=True) + shutil.rmtree(JSONL_ROOT, ignore_errors=True) + OUTPUT_ROOT.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True) + + logger.remove() + logger.add(ERROR_LOG, level='ERROR', enqueue=True) + + parquet_files = list(DATA_ROOT.glob('**/*.parquet')) + # parquet_files = parquet_files[:2] + + print(len(parquet_files)) + if not parquet_files: return + + n_workers = min(cpu_count() // 2, len(parquet_files)) + with Pool(processes=n_workers, maxtasksperchild=10) as pool: + list(tqdm( + pool.imap_unordered(process_parquet, parquet_files), + total=len(parquet_files) + )) + + +if __name__ == '__main__': + main() diff --git a/randy/tools/process_pretraining.py b/randy/tools/process_pretraining.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..b5da3bb315 --- /dev/null +++ b/randy/tools/process_pretraining.py @@ -0,0 +1,106 @@ +import re +import shutil +import hashlib +import filetype +import jsonlines +import pandas as pd +from tqdm import tqdm +from pathlib import Path +from loguru import logger +from multiprocessing import Pool, cpu_count + + +DATA_ROOTS = [ + '/nas_train/app.e0031982/datasets/mvp-lab/LLaVA-OneVision-1.5-Mid-Training-85M/coyo', + '/nas_train/app.e0031982/datasets/mvp-lab/LLaVA-OneVision-1.5-Mid-Training-85M/datacomp1b', + '/nas_train/app.e0031982/datasets/mvp-lab/LLaVA-OneVision-1.5-Mid-Training-85M/imagenet', + '/nas_train/app.e0031982/datasets/mvp-lab/LLaVA-OneVision-1.5-Mid-Training-85M/laioncn', + '/nas_train/app.e0031982/datasets/mvp-lab/LLaVA-OneVision-1.5-Mid-Training-85M/mint', + '/nas_train/app.e0031982/datasets/mvp-lab/LLaVA-OneVision-1.5-Mid-Training-85M/obelics', + '/nas_train/app.e0016372/datasets/OmniScience/omniscience', +] + +OUTPUT_ROOT = Path('/nas_user/app.e0016372/datasets/LLaVA-OneVision-1.5-Mid-Training-85M') +ERROR_LOG = OUTPUT_ROOT / 'error.log' + + +def compute_hash(x): + return hashlib.md5(str(x).encode()).hexdigest() + + +def save_image(image_data, image_dir, sample_name): + image_bytes = image_data['bytes'] + suffix = filetype.guess_extension(image_bytes) or 'png' + image_path = image_dir / f'{sample_name}.{suffix}' + image_path.write_bytes(image_bytes) + return str(image_path) + + +def process_sample(row, parquet_path, idx, image_dir): + if not row.caption or row.image is None: + raise ValueError('empty caption or image') + + sample_name = compute_hash(f'{parquet_path}_{idx}') + image_path = save_image(row.image, image_dir, sample_name) + + return { + 'messages': [ + {'role': 'user', 'content': ''}, + {'role': 'assistant', 'content': row.caption} + ], + 'images': [image_path] + } + + +def process_parquet(args): + parquet_path, dataset_name = args + + image_dir = OUTPUT_ROOT / dataset_name / 'images' + jsonl_dir = OUTPUT_ROOT / dataset_name / 'jsonl' + + image_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True) + jsonl_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True) + + jsonl_path = jsonl_dir / f'{compute_hash(parquet_path)}.jsonl' + + try: + df = pd.read_parquet(parquet_path, columns=['caption', 'image']) + + with jsonlines.open(jsonl_path, 'w') as writer: + for idx, row in enumerate(df.itertuples(index=False)): + try: + record = process_sample(row, parquet_path, idx, image_dir) + writer.write(record) + except Exception as e: + logger.error(f'{parquet_path} | row={idx} | {repr(e)}') + except Exception as e: + logger.error(f'{parquet_path} | parquet_error | {repr(e)}') + + +def main(): + shutil.rmtree(OUTPUT_ROOT, ignore_errors=True) + OUTPUT_ROOT.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True) + + logger.remove() + logger.add(ERROR_LOG, level='ERROR', enqueue=True) + + tasks = [] + for root in DATA_ROOTS: + root = Path(root) + dataset_name = root.stem + for p in root.glob('**/*.parquet'): + tasks.append((p, dataset_name)) + + print(len(tasks)) + if not tasks: return + + n_workers = min(cpu_count(), len(tasks)) + with Pool(processes=10, maxtasksperchild=10) as pool: + list(tqdm( + pool.imap_unordered(process_parquet, tasks), + total=len(tasks) + )) + + +if __name__ == '__main__': + main() diff --git a/randy/tools/resolve_path.py b/randy/tools/resolve_path.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..0df441f10a --- /dev/null +++ b/randy/tools/resolve_path.py @@ -0,0 +1,85 @@ +import os +import jsonlines +from tqdm import tqdm +from pathlib import Path +from functools import partial +from multiprocessing import Pool, cpu_count + + +def resolve_image_path(data, img_root, field): + if field not in data: + return data + + value = data[field] + + if isinstance(value, str): + p = Path(value) + if not p.is_absolute(): + p = img_root / p + data[field] = str(p) + elif isinstance(value, list): + new_value = [] + for v in value: + if isinstance(v, str): + p = Path(v) + if not p.is_absolute(): + p = img_root / p + new_value.append(str(p)) + else: + new_value.append(v) + data[field] = new_value + + return data + + +def process_file(jsonl_path, img_root, field): + out_path = jsonl_path.with_suffix('.tmp') + + with jsonlines.open(jsonl_path, 'r') as reader, \ + jsonlines.open(out_path, 'w') as writer: + + for data in reader: + if not isinstance(data, dict): + continue + + data = resolve_image_path(data, img_root, field) + writer.write(data) + + os.replace(out_path, jsonl_path) + + +def main(args): + jsonl_dir = Path(args.jsonl_dir) + img_root = Path(args.img_root) + + files = sorted(jsonl_dir.glob('**/*.jsonl')) + print(f'Found {len(files)} jsonl files') + + if len(files) == 0: + return + + worker = partial( + process_file, + img_root=img_root, + field=args.field + ) + + with Pool(min(cpu_count(), len(files))) as pool: + list(tqdm( + pool.imap_unordered(worker, files), + total=len(files), + desc='Processing', + )) + + +if __name__ == '__main__': + import argparse + + parser = argparse.ArgumentParser() + parser.add_argument('--jsonl_dir', type=str, required=True) + parser.add_argument('--img_root', type=str, required=True) + parser.add_argument('--field', type=str, default='images') + + args = parser.parse_args() + + main(args) diff --git a/randy/topo_sel_grpo.yaml b/randy/topo_sel_grpo.yaml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..868d01101d --- /dev/null +++ b/randy/topo_sel_grpo.yaml @@ -0,0 +1,52 @@ +### model +model: ${oc.env:WORK_DIR}/models/Qwen2.5-7B-Instruct + +### method +stage: rlhf +rlhf_type: grpo +train_type: full +tuner_backend: peft +deepspeed: zero3 +attn_impl: flash_attn +use_liger_kernel: true + +### dataset +custom_register_path: randy/register.py +dataset: topo_sel_rlhf#20000 +packing: false +max_length: 4096 +dataset_num_proc: 4 + +### output +output_dir: ${oc.env:WORK_DIR}/train/grpo/full/Qwen2.5-7B-Instruct +logging_steps: 10 +save_strategy: steps +save_steps: 100 +save_total_limit: 50 +report_to: tensorboard + +### train +per_device_train_batch_size: 8 +gradient_accumulation_steps: 1 +warmup_ratio: 0.01 +learning_rate: 1e-6 +num_train_epochs: 1.0 +lr_scheduler_type: cosine + +### eval +per_device_eval_batch_size: 8 +split_dataset_ratio: 0.01 + +### rlhf +external_plugins: randy/plugin.py +reward_funcs: format,acc_reward,gauss_reward +log_completions: true +max_completion_length: 2048 +temperature: 1.0 +num_generations: 8 + +### vllm +use_vllm: true +vllm_mode: server +vllm_server_host: 127.0.0.1 +vllm_server_port: 8000 diff --git a/randy/topo_sel_sft.yaml b/randy/topo_sel_sft.yaml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..07f25d46ae --- /dev/null +++ b/randy/topo_sel_sft.yaml @@ -0,0 +1,34 @@ +### model +model: ${oc.env:WORK_DIR}/models/Qwen3-0.6B + +### method +stage: sft +train_type: full +tuner_backend: peft +deepspeed: zero0 +attn_impl: flash_attn +use_liger_kernel: true + +### dataset +custom_register_path: randy/register.py +dataset: topo_sel_sft +packing: false +max_length: 2048 +dataset_num_proc: 16 +split_dataset_ratio: 0.1 + +### output +output_dir: ${oc.env:WORK_DIR}/train/sft/full/Qwen3-0.6B +logging_steps: 10 +save_strategy: steps +save_steps: 100 +save_total_limit: 10 +report_to: tensorboard + +### train +per_device_train_batch_size: 16 +gradient_accumulation_steps: 1 +warmup_ratio: 0.01 +learning_rate: 1e-5 +num_train_epochs: 1.0 +lr_scheduler_type: cosine diff --git a/randy/train.py b/randy/train.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..ec0f4820d5 --- /dev/null +++ b/randy/train.py @@ -0,0 +1,51 @@ +import sys +import json +import shutil +from pathlib import Path +from omegaconf import OmegaConf + + +def resolve_ckpt(path): + path = Path(path) + last = lambda p: ( + sorted( + p.glob('checkpoint-*'), + key=lambda x: int(x.name.split('-')[-1]) + ) or [p] + )[-1] + if path.exists(): + return path if path.name.startswith('checkpoint-') else last(path) + return last(sorted(path.parent.glob(f'{path.name}-*'))[-1]) + + +def parse_config(): + result = [] + for arg in sys.argv[1:]: + if not arg.startswith('-') and arg.endswith('.yaml'): + conf = OmegaConf.to_container(OmegaConf.load(arg), resolve=True) + debug_mode = conf.pop('debug', False) + is_megatron = conf.pop('megatron', False) + stage = '_megatron/' if is_megatron else '' + entry = f"swift/cli/{stage}{conf.pop('stage')}.py" + for key, value in conf.items(): + if key == 'model': + value = resolve_ckpt(value) + if key == 'output_dir' and debug_mode: + value = Path(value).with_name('temp') + shutil.rmtree(value, ignore_errors=True) + result.append(f'--{key}') + if isinstance(value, dict): + result.append(f"'{json.dumps(value, ensure_ascii=False)}'") + else: + if not isinstance(value, list): + value = str(value).split(',') + result.extend(list(map(str, value))) + else: + result.append(arg) + result = ' '.join(result) + return entry, result + + +if __name__ == '__main__': + entry, args = parse_config() + print(f'{entry} {args}') diff --git a/swift/config/zero2.json b/swift/config/zero2.json index 20735b3b02..c09e5055b9 100644 --- a/swift/config/zero2.json +++ b/swift/config/zero2.json @@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ }, "allgather_partitions": true, "allgather_bucket_size": 2e8, - "overlap_comm": false, + "overlap_comm": true, "reduce_scatter": true, "reduce_bucket_size": 2e8, "contiguous_gradients": true diff --git a/swift/config/zero3.json b/swift/config/zero3.json index 1508965283..9e842ce849 100644 --- a/swift/config/zero3.json +++ b/swift/config/zero3.json @@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ "device": "none", "pin_memory": true }, - "overlap_comm": false, + "overlap_comm": true, "contiguous_gradients": true, "sub_group_size": 1e9, "reduce_bucket_size": "auto", diff --git a/train.sh b/train.sh new file mode 100755 index 0000000000..a7e7bc189d --- /dev/null +++ b/train.sh @@ -0,0 +1,48 @@ +#!/bin/bash +set -e + +set_env() { + grep -q "^$1=" .deepspeed_env \ + && sed -i "s|^$1=.*|$1=$2|" .deepspeed_env \ + || echo "$1=$2" >> .deepspeed_env +} + +pdsh_run() { + hosts=$(awk '!/^\s*#/ && NF {print $1}' randy/hostfile | paste -sd,) + pdsh -S -R ssh -w "$hosts" "$@" +} + +SCRIPT_DIR=$(cd "$(dirname "$0")" && pwd) +cd "$SCRIPT_DIR" || exit 1 + +set -a && source .deepspeed_env && set +a +. "$CONDA_DIR/etc/profile.d/conda.sh" +conda activate swift + +COMMAND=$( + python randy/train.py "$@" | + awk -F'|' '{print $2}' | + sed 's| --| \\\n --|g' +) + +TMP_SCRIPT=$(mktemp --suffix=".randy") +cat > "$TMP_SCRIPT" << EOF +#!/bin/bash +cd "$SCRIPT_DIR" || exit 1 +set -a && source .deepspeed_env && set +a +. "$CONDA_DIR/etc/profile.d/conda.sh" +conda activate swift2 +EOF + +set_env OMP_NUM_THREADS 1 +set_env SWIFT_CONFIG_FILE "$TMP_SCRIPT" + +# COMMAND="python $COMMAND" +# COMMAND="deepspeed $COMMAND" +COMMAND="deepspeed --hostfile randy/hostfile $COMMAND" + +echo "$COMMAND" >> "$TMP_SCRIPT" +echo "$TMP_SCRIPT" && cat "$TMP_SCRIPT" + +pdsh_run "bash $(realpath randy/killer.sh)" +chmod +x "$TMP_SCRIPT" && bash "$TMP_SCRIPT" diff --git a/train2.sh b/train2.sh new file mode 100755 index 0000000000..973c4137c6 --- /dev/null +++ b/train2.sh @@ -0,0 +1,37 @@ +#!/bin/bash + +SCRIPT_DIR=$(cd "$(dirname "$0")" && pwd) +cd "$SCRIPT_DIR" || exit 1 + +set -a && source .deepspeed_env && set +a +. "$CONDA_DIR/etc/profile.d/conda.sh" +conda activate swift2 + +HOSTS=($(awk '!/^\s*#/ && NF {print $1}' randy/hostfile)) +HOSTS_STR=$(IFS=,; echo "${HOSTS[*]}") + +NPROC_PER_NODE=8 +NNODES=${#HOSTS[@]} +MASTER_ADDR=${HOSTS[0]} +MASTER_PORT=${MASTER_PORT:-29500} + +PYTHON=$(command -v python) + +CONFIG=$( + $PYTHON randy/train.py "$@" | + awk -F'|' '{print $2}' | + sed 's| --| \\\n --|g' +) + +pdsh -S -R ssh -w "$HOSTS_STR" " +cd $SCRIPT_DIR || exit 1 && \ +bash $(realpath randy/killer.sh) && \ +set -a && source .deepspeed_env && set +a && \ +$PYTHON -m torch.distributed.run \ + --nproc_per_node=$NPROC_PER_NODE \ + --nnodes=$NNODES \ + --node_rank=%n \ + --master_addr=$MASTER_ADDR \ + --master_port=$MASTER_PORT \ + $CONFIG +"