(wip) feat: gloas light client support by spiral-ladder · Pull Request #9683 · ChainSafe/lodestar

spiral-ladder · 2026-07-20T18:39:50Z

Depends on #9390.

Motivation

Implements the gloas light client spec

Supports:

new light client header format
cross-fork sync

Description

Support new light client header format - Construct Gloas light client headers from signedExecutionPayloadBid.message.parentBlockHash.
Generate the execution block hash proof using the current Gloas generalized index (see getBlockBodyExecutionBlockHashProof)
Add getLcExecutionRoot for comparing execution data across pre-Gloas and Gloas header representations. Note that we used to do this in-line before but here we introduce getLcExecutionRoot so that we can reuse in sync tests too + there's some added complexity to it.
Support upgrading light client bootstraps, updates, and stores across fork boundaries

For tests,

Unskip and update light client related tests
Validate the execution root in addition to beacon header roots and slots

AI Assistance Disclosure

Planning, implementation and testing done with gpt-sol-5.6 medium

Brings the EIP-7688 (progressive SSZ) branch up to the v1.7.0-alpha.11 spec baseline. Conflict resolutions of note: - @chainsafe/ssz bumped to ^1.6.0 (progressive types) across workspace; dropped unused deps (utils ssz, cli pubkey-index-map, st persistent-ts) to match unstable's #9462 cleanup. - gloas sszTypes: kept branch's progressive types, re-applied unstable's alpha.9-11 changes it predated: EIP-8282 builder deposits/exits (as ProgressiveList), BuilderPendingPayment.proposerIndex, and ExecutionPayloadBid.gasLimit UintBn64 -> UintNum64. - processParentExecutionPayload: kept #4630 length asserts, extended to builder deposits/exits, used unstable's 5-field empty-requests check. - processOperations: kept assertGloasOperationLimits + unstable's fulu zero-deposit rule. - specTestIterator: kept branch's narrower gloas light-client skips. Build, check-types, lint, and types/state-transition unit tests green. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>

https://discord.com/channels/595666850260713488/1295427781722898505/1520371177036709949 we need couple more progressive containers in gloas. --------- Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>

**Motivation** - improve upgradeStateToGloas() by reusing nodes of pre-gloas BeaconState - bump `@chainsafe/ssz` version to v1.6.1 **Description** with mainnet state 14707840 - before ``` [bench] upgradeStateToGloas: 3205.5ms [bench] gloas hashTreeRoot: 32196.4ms ``` - this PR ``` [bench] upgradeStateToGloas: 1178.3ms [bench] gloas hashTreeRoot: 4899.3ms ``` **AI Assistance Disclosure** - created with the help of Claude --------- Co-authored-by: Tuyen Nguyen <twoeths@users.noreply.github.com> Co-authored-by: NC <17676176+ensi321@users.noreply.github.com> Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>

…nsensus-specs #4630) apply_parent_execution_payload performs no length checks in the spec. With EIP-7688 the ExecutionRequests lists are progressive (no SSZ max length), so the Electra-cap assertion (assertExecutionRequestsWithinLimits) is invalid -- requests exceeding the Electra caps are valid. Removes the assertion and its now-unused imports. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>

Reverts 0395641. consensus-specs master still asserts the 5 execution request length limits in apply_parent_execution_payload (beacon-chain.md L1284-1290, tip a62bc326c) through the #4630 merge and all followups; the "drop the cap" idea was never adopted (#5420 instead tightened MAX_BUILDER_DEPOSIT_REQUESTS_PER_PAYLOAD 256->64). Keep parity with spec. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>

The value shipped in the merged #4630 (and master, tip a62bc326c) is lower than the pre-merge PR snapshot this branch used: - mainnet 4082504 -> 4027336 - minimal 1993180 -> 1938012 (MAX_BUILDER_DEPOSIT_REQUESTS_PER_PAYLOAD 256->64 and PAYLOAD_DUE_BPS 7500->5000 are handled on nc/alpha.12-constants, not here.) Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>

… gossip consensus-specs #4630 (gloas p2p-interface) requires beacon_block gossip to REJECT when parent_execution_requests counts or block body operation counts exceed their per-block limits. EIP-7688 made these lists progressive (no SSZ type-level cap), so the bounds are enforced here at the gossip layer (they are also asserted in the state transition). deposits must be empty (limit 0) post-Fulu. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>

Bring EIP-7688 progressive-containers branch current (36 commits behind). Conflicts resolved: - beacon-node/package.json: keep quic ^2.1.1 (unstable), ssz ^1.6.1 + persistent-merkle-tree ^1.3.0 (eip-7688, needed for progressive containers) - topic.test.ts: union of both test suites (gossip SSZ size limits + getAllowedTopics) Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>

Do the alpha.12 bump in eip-7688 branch. Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>

Root package.json was left at ^1.6.1 when packages/* were bumped to 1.6.2, leaving the lockfile pointing at a dropped 1.6.1 block and breaking frozen install in CI. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>

**Description** - more progressive ssz utils to reuse nodes, this improves: - gloas fork transition to migrate basic list - progressParticipationFlagUpdates, which happens at epoch transition - also do not check deposit length as found in #9390 (comment) **AI Assistance Disclosure** - created with the help of Claude --------- Co-authored-by: Tuyen Nguyen <twoeths@users.noreply.github.com>

gemini-code-assist

Code Review

This pull request introduces support for the Gloas fork, implementing EIP-7688 progressive containers and lists, EIP-7732, and EIP-8282. It updates SSZ types, gossip validation, state transition logic (including an optimized Fulu-to-Gloas state upgrade), and light client proof generation. The review feedback highlights three critical issues: hardcoding Gloas withdrawals breaks pre-Gloas envelope verification, accessing builder deposits/exits directly on Electra execution requests causes a TypeError, and a missing defensive check in computeBranchRoot can lead to a crash if the branch length is less than the expected depth.

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packages/beacon-node/src/chain/blocks/verifyExecutionPayloadEnvelope.ts (103-104)

Hardcoding ssz.gloas.Withdrawals will break verification for pre-Gloas (e.g., Electra) execution payload envelopes because they use the Capella withdrawals SSZ type (ssz.capella.Withdrawals). We should dynamically select the withdrawals SSZ type based on the active fork of the state.

  const withdrawalsSsz = state.config.getForkName(state.slot) === "gloas" ? ssz.gloas.Withdrawals : ssz.capella.Withdrawals;
  const payloadWithdrawalsRoot = withdrawalsSsz.hashTreeRoot(payload.withdrawals);
  const expectedWithdrawalsRoot = withdrawalsSsz.hashTreeRoot(state.payloadExpectedWithdrawals);

packages/beacon-node/src/chain/validation/executionPayloadEnvelope.ts (130-146)

In Electra, ExecutionRequests does not contain builderDeposits or builderExits (which are introduced in Gloas under EIP-8282). Accessing .length directly on these undefined fields will throw a TypeError and crash the beacon node when validating Electra envelopes. We should use optional chaining to safely handle these fields.

  const requestCountLimits: [string, number | undefined, number][] = [
    ["deposits", executionRequests.deposits?.length, MAX_DEPOSIT_REQUESTS_PER_PAYLOAD],
    ["withdrawals", executionRequests.withdrawals?.length, MAX_WITHDRAWAL_REQUESTS_PER_PAYLOAD],
    ["consolidations", executionRequests.consolidations?.length, MAX_CONSOLIDATION_REQUESTS_PER_PAYLOAD],
    ["builderDeposits", executionRequests.builderDeposits?.length, MAX_BUILDER_DEPOSIT_REQUESTS_PER_PAYLOAD],
    ["builderExits", executionRequests.builderExits?.length, MAX_BUILDER_EXIT_REQUESTS_PER_PAYLOAD],
  ];
  for (const [name, count, limit] of requestCountLimits) {
    if (count !== undefined && count > limit) {
      throw new ExecutionPayloadEnvelopeError(GossipAction.REJECT, {
        code: ExecutionPayloadEnvelopeErrorCode.EXECUTION_REQUESTS_COUNT_EXCEEDED,
        name,
        count,
        limit,
      });
    }
  }

packages/state-transition/src/lightClient/spec/utils.ts (477-488)

If branch has fewer elements than depth, proof[i] will be undefined, which will cause the hash function to crash with a TypeError. We should add a defensive check to ensure the branch has sufficient depth before reconstructing the root.

function computeBranchRoot(leaf: Uint8Array, branch: Uint8Array[], gindex: bigint): Uint8Array {
  const depth = getGindexDepth(Number(gindex));
  if (branch.length < depth) {
    return ZERO_HASH;
  }
  const proof = branch.slice(-depth);
  const index = getGindexIndex(Number(gindex));
  let root = leaf;

  for (let i = 0; i < depth; i++) {
    root = Math.floor(index / 2 ** i) % 2 === 1 ? hash(proof[i], root) : hash(root, proof[i]);
  }

  return root;
}

github-actions · 2026-07-20T18:56:15Z

⚠️ Performance Alert ⚠️

Possible performance regression was detected for some benchmarks.
Benchmark result of this commit is worse than the previous benchmark result exceeding threshold.

Benchmark suite	Current: `05adaff`	Previous: `17a4805`	Ratio
send data - 1000 2048B messages	60.604 ms/op	18.358 ms/op	3.30
getExpectedWithdrawals 250000 eb:1,eth1:1,we:0,wn:0,smpl:16	14.373 us/op	3.1030 us/op	4.63

Full benchmark results

Benchmark suite	Current: `05adaff`	Previous: `17a4805`	Ratio
getPubkeys - index2pubkey - req 1000 vs - 250000 vc	951.28 us/op	942.18 us/op	1.01
getPubkeys - validatorsArr - req 1000 vs - 250000 vc	41.370 us/op	37.078 us/op	1.12
BLS verify - blst	739.15 us/op	708.48 us/op	1.04
BLS verifyMultipleSignatures 3 - blst	1.3978 ms/op	1.2569 ms/op	1.11
BLS verifyMultipleSignatures 8 - blst	2.2083 ms/op	2.0040 ms/op	1.10
BLS verifyMultipleSignatures 32 - blst	7.0232 ms/op	6.2567 ms/op	1.12
BLS verifyMultipleSignatures 64 - blst	14.382 ms/op	12.316 ms/op	1.17
BLS verifyMultipleSignatures 128 - blst	26.355 ms/op	23.811 ms/op	1.11
BLS deserializing 10000 signatures	654.36 ms/op	605.74 ms/op	1.08
BLS deserializing 100000 signatures	6.6084 s/op	6.1010 s/op	1.08
BLS verifyMultipleSignatures - same message - 3 - blst	770.07 us/op	771.88 us/op	1.00
BLS verifyMultipleSignatures - same message - 8 - blst	927.75 us/op	803.01 us/op	1.16
BLS verifyMultipleSignatures - same message - 32 - blst	1.6103 ms/op	1.4995 ms/op	1.07
BLS verifyMultipleSignatures - same message - 64 - blst	2.4785 ms/op	2.2035 ms/op	1.12
BLS verifyMultipleSignatures - same message - 128 - blst	4.2090 ms/op	3.9092 ms/op	1.08
BLS aggregatePubkeys 32 - blst	18.430 us/op	16.879 us/op	1.09
BLS aggregatePubkeys 128 - blst	65.908 us/op	60.667 us/op	1.09
getSlashingsAndExits - default max	70.656 us/op	44.572 us/op	1.59
getSlashingsAndExits - 2k	427.85 us/op	323.74 us/op	1.32
proposeBlockBody type=full, size=empty	679.22 us/op	556.87 us/op	1.22
isKnown best case - 1 super set check	181.00 ns/op	158.00 ns/op	1.15
isKnown normal case - 2 super set checks	178.00 ns/op	158.00 ns/op	1.13
isKnown worse case - 16 super set checks	175.00 ns/op	156.00 ns/op	1.12
validate api signedAggregateAndProof - struct	1.5719 ms/op	1.4083 ms/op	1.12
validate gossip signedAggregateAndProof - struct	1.6701 ms/op	1.4169 ms/op	1.18
batch validate gossip attestation - vc 640000 - chunk 32	113.29 us/op	101.26 us/op	1.12
batch validate gossip attestation - vc 640000 - chunk 64	100.86 us/op	88.194 us/op	1.14
batch validate gossip attestation - vc 640000 - chunk 128	90.172 us/op	82.042 us/op	1.10
batch validate gossip attestation - vc 640000 - chunk 256	89.457 us/op	78.766 us/op	1.14
bytes32 toHexString	296.00 ns/op	262.00 ns/op	1.13
bytes32 Buffer.toString(hex)	175.00 ns/op	173.00 ns/op	1.01
bytes32 Buffer.toString(hex) from Uint8Array	247.00 ns/op	241.00 ns/op	1.02
bytes32 Buffer.toString(hex) + 0x	172.00 ns/op	175.00 ns/op	0.98
Return object 10000 times	0.21720 ns/op	0.19940 ns/op	1.09
Throw Error 10000 times	3.4141 us/op	3.1418 us/op	1.09
toHex	108.96 ns/op	87.840 ns/op	1.24
Buffer.from	87.310 ns/op	79.857 ns/op	1.09
shared Buffer	56.731 ns/op	54.433 ns/op	1.04
fastMsgIdFn sha256 / 200 bytes	1.4670 us/op	1.3840 us/op	1.06
fastMsgIdFn h32 xxhash / 200 bytes	160.00 ns/op	152.00 ns/op	1.05
fastMsgIdFn h64 xxhash / 200 bytes	205.00 ns/op	202.00 ns/op	1.01
fastMsgIdFn sha256 / 1000 bytes	4.6850 us/op	4.4490 us/op	1.05
fastMsgIdFn h32 xxhash / 1000 bytes	258.00 ns/op	233.00 ns/op	1.11
fastMsgIdFn h64 xxhash / 1000 bytes	264.00 ns/op	245.00 ns/op	1.08
fastMsgIdFn sha256 / 10000 bytes	42.387 us/op	39.478 us/op	1.07
fastMsgIdFn h32 xxhash / 10000 bytes	1.2930 us/op	1.2040 us/op	1.07
fastMsgIdFn h64 xxhash / 10000 bytes	825.00 ns/op	791.00 ns/op	1.04
send data - 1000 256B messages	5.3927 ms/op	4.0394 ms/op	1.34
send data - 1000 512B messages	6.0667 ms/op	5.3268 ms/op	1.14
send data - 1000 1024B messages	7.9950 ms/op	5.6754 ms/op	1.41
send data - 1000 1200B messages	7.4746 ms/op	5.9514 ms/op	1.26
send data - 1000 2048B messages	60.604 ms/op	18.358 ms/op	3.30
send data - 1000 4096B messages	112.39 ms/op	46.963 ms/op	2.39
send data - 1000 16384B messages	488.06 ms/op	207.13 ms/op	2.36
send data - 1000 65536B messages	1.9311 s/op	999.63 ms/op	1.93
enrSubnets - fastDeserialize 64 bits	768.00 ns/op	2.4030 us/op	0.32
enrSubnets - ssz BitVector 64 bits	290.00 ns/op	252.00 ns/op	1.15
enrSubnets - fastDeserialize 4 bits	107.00 ns/op	105.00 ns/op	1.02
enrSubnets - ssz BitVector 4 bits	285.00 ns/op	255.00 ns/op	1.12
prioritizePeers score -10:0 att 32-0.1 sync 2-0	209.07 us/op	193.89 us/op	1.08
prioritizePeers score 0:0 att 32-0.25 sync 2-0.25	236.99 us/op	220.75 us/op	1.07
prioritizePeers score 0:0 att 32-0.5 sync 2-0.5	348.90 us/op	315.34 us/op	1.11
prioritizePeers score 0:0 att 64-0.75 sync 4-0.75	618.58 us/op	563.86 us/op	1.10
prioritizePeers score 0:0 att 64-1 sync 4-1	737.01 us/op	652.56 us/op	1.13
array of 16000 items push then shift	1.2940 us/op	1.1935 us/op	1.08
LinkedList of 16000 items push then shift	9.3310 ns/op	7.1270 ns/op	1.31
array of 16000 items push then pop	91.756 ns/op	67.096 ns/op	1.37
LinkedList of 16000 items push then pop	6.9040 ns/op	5.7160 ns/op	1.21
array of 24000 items push then shift	1.9271 us/op	1.7586 us/op	1.10
LinkedList of 24000 items push then shift	8.5570 ns/op	6.6750 ns/op	1.28
array of 24000 items push then pop	128.25 ns/op	93.368 ns/op	1.37
LinkedList of 24000 items push then pop	7.2380 ns/op	5.6670 ns/op	1.28
intersect bitArray bitLen 8	4.8310 ns/op	4.5230 ns/op	1.07
intersect array and set length 8	30.776 ns/op	27.477 ns/op	1.12
intersect bitArray bitLen 128	24.952 ns/op	22.782 ns/op	1.10
intersect array and set length 128	533.97 ns/op	465.67 ns/op	1.15
bitArray.getTrueBitIndexes() bitLen 128	1.0320 us/op	872.00 ns/op	1.18
bitArray.getTrueBitIndexes() bitLen 248	1.8340 us/op	1.5750 us/op	1.16
bitArray.getTrueBitIndexes() bitLen 512	3.8400 us/op	3.2950 us/op	1.17
Full columns - reconstruct all 6 blobs	191.33 us/op	155.94 us/op	1.23
Full columns - reconstruct half of the blobs out of 6	87.811 us/op	106.98 us/op	0.82
Full columns - reconstruct single blob out of 6	37.240 us/op	31.286 us/op	1.19
Half columns - reconstruct all 6 blobs	418.54 ms/op	356.22 ms/op	1.17
Half columns - reconstruct half of the blobs out of 6	212.45 ms/op	179.50 ms/op	1.18
Half columns - reconstruct single blob out of 6	77.451 ms/op	63.565 ms/op	1.22
Set add up to 64 items then delete first	2.2171 us/op	1.5007 us/op	1.48
OrderedSet add up to 64 items then delete first	3.6033 us/op	2.3260 us/op	1.55
Set add up to 64 items then delete last	2.5749 us/op	1.7406 us/op	1.48
OrderedSet add up to 64 items then delete last	4.2924 us/op	2.5700 us/op	1.67
Set add up to 64 items then delete middle	2.3499 us/op	1.7337 us/op	1.36
OrderedSet add up to 64 items then delete middle	8.1791 us/op	3.9867 us/op	2.05
Set add up to 128 items then delete first	5.1693 us/op	3.4490 us/op	1.50
OrderedSet add up to 128 items then delete first	11.229 us/op	5.3697 us/op	2.09
Set add up to 128 items then delete last	7.5537 us/op	3.3543 us/op	2.25
OrderedSet add up to 128 items then delete last	8.5197 us/op	5.1277 us/op	1.66
Set add up to 128 items then delete middle	5.0392 us/op	3.3531 us/op	1.50
OrderedSet add up to 128 items then delete middle	14.847 us/op	10.655 us/op	1.39
Set add up to 256 items then delete first	9.4863 us/op	7.0402 us/op	1.35
OrderedSet add up to 256 items then delete first	15.457 us/op	11.116 us/op	1.39
Set add up to 256 items then delete last	10.686 us/op	6.7746 us/op	1.58
OrderedSet add up to 256 items then delete last	17.112 us/op	10.505 us/op	1.63
Set add up to 256 items then delete middle	10.095 us/op	6.7151 us/op	1.50
OrderedSet add up to 256 items then delete middle	42.742 us/op	32.989 us/op	1.30
runFastConfirmationRules vc:100000 bc:96 eq:0	4.9412 ms/op	4.2483 ms/op	1.16
runFastConfirmationRules vc:600000 bc:96 eq:0	37.867 ms/op	32.605 ms/op	1.16
runFastConfirmationRules vc:1000000 bc:96 eq:0	72.963 ms/op	54.530 ms/op	1.34
runFastConfirmationRules vc:600000 bc:320 eq:0	37.506 ms/op	32.570 ms/op	1.15
runFastConfirmationRules vc:100000 bc:96 eq:1000	1.1865 s/op	1.0323 s/op	1.15
pass gossip attestations to forkchoice per slot	2.7749 ms/op	2.4300 ms/op	1.14
forkChoice updateHead vc 100000 bc 64 eq 0	426.77 us/op	382.01 us/op	1.12
forkChoice updateHead vc 600000 bc 64 eq 0	2.5517 ms/op	2.2998 ms/op	1.11
forkChoice updateHead vc 1000000 bc 64 eq 0	4.3154 ms/op	3.7653 ms/op	1.15
forkChoice updateHead vc 600000 bc 320 eq 0	2.6291 ms/op	2.2794 ms/op	1.15
forkChoice updateHead vc 600000 bc 1200 eq 0	2.6967 ms/op	2.3203 ms/op	1.16
forkChoice updateHead vc 600000 bc 7200 eq 0	3.8471 ms/op	2.7312 ms/op	1.41
forkChoice updateHead vc 600000 bc 64 eq 1000	2.5181 ms/op	2.2805 ms/op	1.10
forkChoice updateHead vc 600000 bc 64 eq 10000	2.5996 ms/op	2.3460 ms/op	1.11
forkChoice updateHead vc 600000 bc 64 eq 300000	6.8687 ms/op	5.9797 ms/op	1.15
computeDeltas 1400000 validators 0% inactive	12.324 ms/op	11.305 ms/op	1.09
computeDeltas 1400000 validators 10% inactive	11.716 ms/op	10.720 ms/op	1.09
computeDeltas 1400000 validators 20% inactive	11.083 ms/op	10.208 ms/op	1.09
computeDeltas 1400000 validators 50% inactive	9.0699 ms/op	8.3424 ms/op	1.09
computeDeltas 2100000 validators 0% inactive	18.553 ms/op	17.445 ms/op	1.06
computeDeltas 2100000 validators 10% inactive	17.659 ms/op	16.406 ms/op	1.08
computeDeltas 2100000 validators 20% inactive	16.398 ms/op	15.437 ms/op	1.06
computeDeltas 2100000 validators 50% inactive	10.828 ms/op	10.301 ms/op	1.05
altair processAttestation - 250000 vs - 7PWei normalcase	2.9153 ms/op	2.4927 ms/op	1.17
altair processAttestation - 250000 vs - 7PWei worstcase	3.5893 ms/op	3.3092 ms/op	1.08
altair processAttestation - setStatus - 1/6 committees join	113.08 us/op	100.44 us/op	1.13
altair processAttestation - setStatus - 1/3 committees join	218.52 us/op	184.64 us/op	1.18
altair processAttestation - setStatus - 1/2 committees join	306.25 us/op	265.52 us/op	1.15
altair processAttestation - setStatus - 2/3 committees join	386.12 us/op	354.54 us/op	1.09
altair processAttestation - setStatus - 4/5 committees join	532.92 us/op	489.02 us/op	1.09
altair processAttestation - setStatus - 100% committees join	631.71 us/op	574.50 us/op	1.10
altair processBlock - 250000 vs - 7PWei normalcase	3.9885 ms/op	4.5303 ms/op	0.88
altair processBlock - 250000 vs - 7PWei normalcase hashState	16.768 ms/op	16.339 ms/op	1.03
altair processBlock - 250000 vs - 7PWei worstcase	21.433 ms/op	20.812 ms/op	1.03
altair processBlock - 250000 vs - 7PWei worstcase hashState	42.020 ms/op	37.257 ms/op	1.13
phase0 processBlock - 250000 vs - 7PWei normalcase	1.8455 ms/op	1.4210 ms/op	1.30
phase0 processBlock - 250000 vs - 7PWei worstcase	18.213 ms/op	17.760 ms/op	1.03
altair processEth1Data - 250000 vs - 7PWei normalcase	333.02 us/op	266.43 us/op	1.25
getExpectedWithdrawals 250000 eb:1,eth1:1,we:0,wn:0,smpl:16	14.373 us/op	3.1030 us/op	4.63
getExpectedWithdrawals 250000 eb:0.95,eth1:0.1,we:0.05,wn:0,smpl:220	20.921 us/op	19.752 us/op	1.06
getExpectedWithdrawals 250000 eb:0.95,eth1:0.3,we:0.05,wn:0,smpl:43	6.6990 us/op	5.2670 us/op	1.27
getExpectedWithdrawals 250000 eb:0.95,eth1:0.7,we:0.05,wn:0,smpl:19	3.8210 us/op	4.1240 us/op	0.93
getExpectedWithdrawals 250000 eb:0.1,eth1:0.1,we:0,wn:0,smpl:1021	94.277 us/op	85.352 us/op	1.10
getExpectedWithdrawals 250000 eb:0.03,eth1:0.03,we:0,wn:0,smpl:11778	1.5795 ms/op	1.2693 ms/op	1.24
getExpectedWithdrawals 250000 eb:0.01,eth1:0.01,we:0,wn:0,smpl:16384	1.9298 ms/op	1.6577 ms/op	1.16
getExpectedWithdrawals 250000 eb:0,eth1:0,we:0,wn:0,smpl:16384	1.9112 ms/op	1.6578 ms/op	1.15
getExpectedWithdrawals 250000 eb:0,eth1:0,we:0,wn:0,nocache,smpl:16384	3.5922 ms/op	3.3169 ms/op	1.08
getExpectedWithdrawals 250000 eb:0,eth1:1,we:0,wn:0,smpl:16384	2.2125 ms/op	1.9006 ms/op	1.16
getExpectedWithdrawals 250000 eb:0,eth1:1,we:0,wn:0,nocache,smpl:16384	3.9321 ms/op	3.7226 ms/op	1.06
Tree 40 250000 create	376.40 ms/op	300.28 ms/op	1.25
Tree 40 250000 get(125000)	96.581 ns/op	86.686 ns/op	1.11
Tree 40 250000 set(125000)	968.72 ns/op	927.35 ns/op	1.04
Tree 40 250000 toArray()	15.831 ms/op	11.951 ms/op	1.32
Tree 40 250000 iterate all - toArray() + loop	16.031 ms/op	11.022 ms/op	1.45
Tree 40 250000 iterate all - get(i)	38.082 ms/op	32.338 ms/op	1.18
Array 250000 create	2.4364 ms/op	2.0486 ms/op	1.19
Array 250000 clone - spread	745.81 us/op	640.81 us/op	1.16
Array 250000 get(125000)	0.28500 ns/op	0.27600 ns/op	1.03
Array 250000 set(125000)	0.28700 ns/op	0.27700 ns/op	1.04
Array 250000 iterate all - loop	55.148 us/op	53.986 us/op	1.02
phase0 afterProcessEpoch - 250000 vs - 7PWei	53.163 ms/op	37.641 ms/op	1.41
Array.fill - length 1000000	2.6330 ms/op	2.0124 ms/op	1.31
Array push - length 1000000	9.7912 ms/op	8.2604 ms/op	1.19
Array.get	0.20353 ns/op	0.19253 ns/op	1.06
Uint8Array.get	0.23348 ns/op	0.22586 ns/op	1.03
phase0 beforeProcessEpoch - 250000 vs - 7PWei	15.903 ms/op	13.599 ms/op	1.17
altair processEpoch - mainnet_e81889	321.92 ms/op	275.07 ms/op	1.17
mainnet_e81889 - altair beforeProcessEpoch	22.466 ms/op	15.758 ms/op	1.43
mainnet_e81889 - altair processJustificationAndFinalization	8.0280 us/op	6.4910 us/op	1.24
mainnet_e81889 - altair processInactivityUpdates	4.6482 ms/op	3.7004 ms/op	1.26
mainnet_e81889 - altair processRewardsAndPenalties	18.211 ms/op	19.429 ms/op	0.94
mainnet_e81889 - altair processRegistryUpdates	562.00 ns/op	528.00 ns/op	1.06
mainnet_e81889 - altair processSlashings	133.00 ns/op	133.00 ns/op	1.00
mainnet_e81889 - altair processEth1DataReset	127.00 ns/op	131.00 ns/op	0.97
mainnet_e81889 - altair processEffectiveBalanceUpdates	3.7771 ms/op	2.7860 ms/op	1.36
mainnet_e81889 - altair processSlashingsReset	677.00 ns/op	688.00 ns/op	0.98
mainnet_e81889 - altair processRandaoMixesReset	1.3440 us/op	1.1290 us/op	1.19
mainnet_e81889 - altair processHistoricalRootsUpdate	134.00 ns/op	127.00 ns/op	1.06
mainnet_e81889 - altair processParticipationFlagUpdates	435.00 ns/op	413.00 ns/op	1.05
mainnet_e81889 - altair processSyncCommitteeUpdates	106.00 ns/op	111.00 ns/op	0.95
mainnet_e81889 - altair afterProcessEpoch	39.714 ms/op	39.589 ms/op	1.00
capella processEpoch - mainnet_e217614	976.13 ms/op	770.25 ms/op	1.27
mainnet_e217614 - capella beforeProcessEpoch	64.191 ms/op	54.020 ms/op	1.19
mainnet_e217614 - capella processJustificationAndFinalization	7.8940 us/op	5.7900 us/op	1.36
mainnet_e217614 - capella processInactivityUpdates	15.102 ms/op	13.821 ms/op	1.09
mainnet_e217614 - capella processRewardsAndPenalties	98.239 ms/op	84.358 ms/op	1.16
mainnet_e217614 - capella processRegistryUpdates	4.7460 us/op	4.2820 us/op	1.11
mainnet_e217614 - capella processSlashings	132.00 ns/op	127.00 ns/op	1.04
mainnet_e217614 - capella processEth1DataReset	126.00 ns/op	120.00 ns/op	1.05
mainnet_e217614 - capella processEffectiveBalanceUpdates	6.2416 ms/op	12.144 ms/op	0.51
mainnet_e217614 - capella processSlashingsReset	694.00 ns/op	655.00 ns/op	1.06
mainnet_e217614 - capella processRandaoMixesReset	1.3300 us/op	1.0880 us/op	1.22
mainnet_e217614 - capella processHistoricalRootsUpdate	131.00 ns/op	128.00 ns/op	1.02
mainnet_e217614 - capella processParticipationFlagUpdates	437.00 ns/op	410.00 ns/op	1.07
mainnet_e217614 - capella afterProcessEpoch	110.07 ms/op	101.83 ms/op	1.08
phase0 processEpoch - mainnet_e58758	410.75 ms/op	289.79 ms/op	1.42
mainnet_e58758 - phase0 beforeProcessEpoch	86.714 ms/op	60.424 ms/op	1.44
mainnet_e58758 - phase0 processJustificationAndFinalization	8.7730 us/op	5.9900 us/op	1.46
mainnet_e58758 - phase0 processRewardsAndPenalties	17.489 ms/op	15.466 ms/op	1.13
mainnet_e58758 - phase0 processRegistryUpdates	2.3070 us/op	2.1340 us/op	1.08
mainnet_e58758 - phase0 processSlashings	143.00 ns/op	204.00 ns/op	0.70
mainnet_e58758 - phase0 processEth1DataReset	126.00 ns/op	127.00 ns/op	0.99
mainnet_e58758 - phase0 processEffectiveBalanceUpdates	834.38 us/op	971.26 us/op	0.86
mainnet_e58758 - phase0 processSlashingsReset	972.00 ns/op	842.00 ns/op	1.15
mainnet_e58758 - phase0 processRandaoMixesReset	1.5480 us/op	1.1940 us/op	1.30
mainnet_e58758 - phase0 processHistoricalRootsUpdate	132.00 ns/op	135.00 ns/op	0.98
mainnet_e58758 - phase0 processParticipationRecordUpdates	1.3690 us/op	1.0700 us/op	1.28
mainnet_e58758 - phase0 afterProcessEpoch	34.689 ms/op	31.745 ms/op	1.09
phase0 processEffectiveBalanceUpdates - 250000 normalcase	1.4443 ms/op	937.20 us/op	1.54
phase0 processEffectiveBalanceUpdates - 250000 worstcase 0.5	1.6913 ms/op	1.5004 ms/op	1.13
altair processInactivityUpdates - 250000 normalcase	12.148 ms/op	9.8960 ms/op	1.23
altair processInactivityUpdates - 250000 worstcase	13.379 ms/op	9.9768 ms/op	1.34
phase0 processRegistryUpdates - 250000 normalcase	4.4200 us/op	3.3400 us/op	1.32
phase0 processRegistryUpdates - 250000 badcase_full_deposits	156.75 us/op	132.48 us/op	1.18
phase0 processRegistryUpdates - 250000 worstcase 0.5	69.283 ms/op	56.755 ms/op	1.22
altair processRewardsAndPenalties - 250000 normalcase	15.923 ms/op	15.593 ms/op	1.02
altair processRewardsAndPenalties - 250000 worstcase	16.528 ms/op	15.034 ms/op	1.10
phase0 getAttestationDeltas - 250000 normalcase	5.7820 ms/op	5.1632 ms/op	1.12
phase0 getAttestationDeltas - 250000 worstcase	9.5713 ms/op	5.1901 ms/op	1.84
phase0 processSlashings - 250000 worstcase	70.056 us/op	57.130 us/op	1.23
altair processSyncCommitteeUpdates - 250000	11.331 ms/op	9.8189 ms/op	1.15
BeaconState.hashTreeRoot - No change	176.00 ns/op	166.00 ns/op	1.06
BeaconState.hashTreeRoot - 1 full validator	105.66 us/op	73.275 us/op	1.44
BeaconState.hashTreeRoot - 32 full validator	1.1314 ms/op	838.88 us/op	1.35
BeaconState.hashTreeRoot - 512 full validator	12.168 ms/op	7.9905 ms/op	1.52
BeaconState.hashTreeRoot - 1 validator.effectiveBalance	186.76 us/op	95.453 us/op	1.96
BeaconState.hashTreeRoot - 32 validator.effectiveBalance	2.5525 ms/op	1.3661 ms/op	1.87
BeaconState.hashTreeRoot - 512 validator.effectiveBalance	31.015 ms/op	16.504 ms/op	1.88
BeaconState.hashTreeRoot - 1 balances	91.343 us/op	68.164 us/op	1.34
BeaconState.hashTreeRoot - 32 balances	803.00 us/op	709.34 us/op	1.13
BeaconState.hashTreeRoot - 512 balances	6.7248 ms/op	5.8114 ms/op	1.16
BeaconState.hashTreeRoot - 250000 balances	238.62 ms/op	137.03 ms/op	1.74
aggregationBits - 2048 els - zipIndexesInBitList	22.168 us/op	18.583 us/op	1.19
regular array get 100000 times	23.343 us/op	21.819 us/op	1.07
wrappedArray get 100000 times	23.356 us/op	21.750 us/op	1.07
arrayWithProxy get 100000 times	10.082 ms/op	10.424 ms/op	0.97
ssz.Root.equals	21.611 ns/op	20.356 ns/op	1.06
byteArrayEquals	21.364 ns/op	20.481 ns/op	1.04
Buffer.compare	8.8910 ns/op	8.3320 ns/op	1.07
processSlot - 1 slots	10.395 us/op	9.5810 us/op	1.08
processSlot - 32 slots	3.3326 ms/op	2.0460 ms/op	1.63
getEffectiveBalanceIncrementsZeroInactive - 250000 vs - 7PWei	7.1867 ms/op	3.4416 ms/op	2.09
getCommitteeAssignments - req 1 vs - 250000 vc	1.7409 ms/op	1.6064 ms/op	1.08
getCommitteeAssignments - req 100 vs - 250000 vc	3.5453 ms/op	3.2923 ms/op	1.08
getCommitteeAssignments - req 1000 vs - 250000 vc	3.8440 ms/op	3.5133 ms/op	1.09
findModifiedValidators - 10000 modified validators	880.87 ms/op	728.90 ms/op	1.21
findModifiedValidators - 1000 modified validators	570.87 ms/op	536.49 ms/op	1.06
findModifiedValidators - 100 modified validators	438.79 ms/op	289.60 ms/op	1.52
findModifiedValidators - 10 modified validators	313.49 ms/op	158.47 ms/op	1.98
findModifiedValidators - 1 modified validators	276.91 ms/op	184.58 ms/op	1.50
findModifiedValidators - no difference	168.93 ms/op	156.69 ms/op	1.08
migrate state 1500000 validators, 3400 modified, 2000 new	3.8418 s/op	2.7869 s/op	1.38
RootCache.getBlockRootAtSlot - 250000 vs - 7PWei	3.8700 ns/op	3.4800 ns/op	1.11
state getBlockRootAtSlot - 250000 vs - 7PWei	522.96 ns/op	314.15 ns/op	1.66
computeProposerIndex 100000 validators	1.5182 ms/op	1.2777 ms/op	1.19
getNextSyncCommitteeIndices 1000 validators	3.0249 ms/op	2.7292 ms/op	1.11
getNextSyncCommitteeIndices 10000 validators	26.386 ms/op	23.883 ms/op	1.10
getNextSyncCommitteeIndices 100000 validators	99.101 ms/op	84.161 ms/op	1.18
computeProposers - vc 250000	586.79 us/op	530.53 us/op	1.11
computeEpochShuffling - vc 250000	41.141 ms/op	38.926 ms/op	1.06
getNextSyncCommittee - vc 250000	11.051 ms/op	9.0377 ms/op	1.22
nodejs block root to RootHex using toHex	106.49 ns/op	89.074 ns/op	1.20
nodejs block root to RootHex using toRootHex	63.906 ns/op	58.464 ns/op	1.09
nodejs fromHex(blob)	1.0173 ms/op	714.55 us/op	1.42
nodejs fromHexInto(blob)	639.79 us/op	611.94 us/op	1.05
nodejs block root to RootHex using the deprecated toHexString	375.55 ns/op	349.79 ns/op	1.07
nodejs byteArrayEquals 32 bytes (block root)	25.763 ns/op	25.376 ns/op	1.02
nodejs byteArrayEquals 48 bytes (pubkey)	37.223 ns/op	36.569 ns/op	1.02
nodejs byteArrayEquals 96 bytes (signature)	33.264 ns/op	33.211 ns/op	1.00
nodejs byteArrayEquals 1024 bytes	40.592 ns/op	39.770 ns/op	1.02
nodejs byteArrayEquals 131072 bytes (blob)	1.7307 us/op	1.7087 us/op	1.01
browser block root to RootHex using toHex	141.78 ns/op	137.91 ns/op	1.03
browser block root to RootHex using toRootHex	128.33 ns/op	125.00 ns/op	1.03
browser fromHex(blob)	1.9029 ms/op	1.5074 ms/op	1.26
browser fromHexInto(blob)	664.98 us/op	606.18 us/op	1.10
browser block root to RootHex using the deprecated toHexString	519.71 ns/op	451.56 ns/op	1.15
browser byteArrayEquals 32 bytes (block root)	28.860 ns/op	27.012 ns/op	1.07
browser byteArrayEquals 48 bytes (pubkey)	40.338 ns/op	38.410 ns/op	1.05
browser byteArrayEquals 96 bytes (signature)	77.369 ns/op	71.484 ns/op	1.08
browser byteArrayEquals 1024 bytes	783.09 ns/op	731.05 ns/op	1.07
browser byteArrayEquals 131072 bytes (blob)	97.111 us/op	92.472 us/op	1.05

by benchmarkbot/action

spiral-ladder · 2026-07-21T13:33:31Z

closed in favour of #9687

wemeetagain and others added 18 commits May 20, 2026 12:21

feat: support eip-7688 progressive containers

1bbc7ed

Merge branch 'unstable' into eip-7688

a912a7e

chore: fix unit tests

1ca0db0

chore: BlockAccessList to ProgressiveByteList

fc5ec13

test: bump spec tests to v1.7.0-alpha.12 in eip-7688 branch (#9665)

ef8b555

Do the alpha.12 bump in eip-7688 branch. Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>

Merge branch 'unstable' into eip-7688

aa8c645

feat: construct Gloas light client headers

4b9f075

feat: support Gloas light client sync

29046c6

spiral-ladder changed the base branch from unstable to eip-7688 July 20, 2026 18:40

gemini-code-assist Bot reviewed Jul 20, 2026

View reviewed changes

Base automatically changed from eip-7688 to unstable July 21, 2026 05:08

Merge branch 'unstable' into bing/gloas-light-client-header

ac3b4b7

spiral-ladder closed this Jul 21, 2026

spiral-ladder deleted the bing/gloas-light-client-header branch July 21, 2026 13:33

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(wip) feat: gloas light client support - #9683

(wip) feat: gloas light client support#9683
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Code Review

packages/beacon-node/src/chain/blocks/verifyExecutionPayloadEnvelope.ts (103-104)

packages/beacon-node/src/chain/validation/executionPayloadEnvelope.ts (130-146)

packages/state-transition/src/lightClient/spec/utils.ts (477-488)

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⚠️ Performance Alert ⚠️

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