added afforestation via manual input

[BertoGBG]

Closes # (if applicable).

Changes proposed in this Pull Request

added afforestation costs in /inputs/manual_input.csv
output files have been updated as well

Checklist

• Code changes are sufficiently documented; i.e. new functions contain docstrings and further explanations may be given in doc.
• [Y] Data source for new technologies is clearly stated.
• Newly introduced dependencies are added to environment.yaml (if applicable).
• A note for the release notes doc/release_notes.rst of the upcoming release is included.
• [Y] I consent to the release of this PR's code under the GPLv3 license.

[fneum]

Could you add a little bit more details on how the investment value of 7749 €/ha was obtained (in comment column)? E.g. which information from which table, which USD to EUR conversion factor.

[BertoGBG]

yes, the investment cost for the afforestation varies in a quite broad range.
for continental europe we assumed it to correspond to 1/3 of the upper
bound of active restoration costs.

this value is in line with the expected cost for the Danish national program to convert agricultural land to foresthttps://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_26_384
which is one of the largesre reforestation projects in europe.

[BertoGBG]

hi @fneum I have added the comments about the assumptions we made for the investment, FOM and lifetime values in the "further description column"

I also added a release note for the upcoming release

[euronion]

Thanks - I did some fine tuning, please have a look.
We try to be as precise as possible with the comments to make sure that people later have the chance to reproduce and retrace the numbers.

You posted a link to a Danish forest restoration programme - would you happen to have a link that also contains information on the costs of the programme in EUR/ha?

[euronion]

• minor: Move this below the .. ..warning:: section

• For harmonised wording:

Suggested change

	* Added Afforestation costs as Carbon Dioxide Removal technology (https://github.com/PyPSA/technology-data/pull/254)
	* Added costs for "Afforestation restoratative" as a potential Carbon Dioxide Removal option (https://github.com/PyPSA/technology-data/pull/254)

I used "Afforestation restoratative" here, because the same source also offers numbers for what we could label as "Afforestation commercial plantation". Should we also include it with this PR?

• Since you mention CDR - do you have an assumption on how much CO2 stored / ha this type of afforestation can offer? Would be nice to add.

[euronion]

Suggested change

	Afforestation,lifetime,2025,30,years,-,"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/rec.13515"," general assumption on duration of fast-growth phase for new forests"
	Afforestation restoratative,lifetime,2025,30,years,-,"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/rec.13515","General assumption on duration of fast-growth phase for new forests"

I cannot find the 30 years in the source anywhere. Can you add the pg. number or sentence from where you found it?

[euronion]

Suggested change

	Afforestation,FOM,2025,5,%/year,2020,"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/rec.13515","recalculated from the maintenance cost for the assumption on the investment"
	Afforestation restoratative,FOM,2025,5,%/year,2020,"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/rec.13515","Calculate based on the annual maintenance and initial investment (establishment) costs: <add calculation>. Only applies for the initial 5 years of the project."

Can you add the calculation for this number to the comment?
If I try to reproduce I get:

• (720 USD / 25830 USD) = 2.8% ,
• or: 30% * (720 USD / 25830 USD) = 0.84%

[euronion]

Suggested change

	Afforestation,investment,2025,7749,EUR/ha,2020,"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/rec.13515","assumed to be 1/3 of the upper bound for the range of active restoration costs, NOTE: the investment cost is per hectare of new forests"
	Afforestation restoratative,investment,2025,7749,EUR/ha,2020,"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/rec.13515 , table 1","Assumed to be 30% of the upper bound for the range of active restoration costs (25,830 USD). Assuming a conversion rate of 1 USD = 1 EUR. The resulting number is in line with cost estimates for ongoing forest restoration efforts in Denmark."

Can you check if this is correct? That would be the information that should go into this column.

Do you know if the publication specifies the currency year, or did you assume that the currency year is last year due to the similarity in values with the Danish example?