Update methanol steam reforming investment costs

docs/release_notes.rst

@@ -16,6 +16,8 @@ Upcoming Release
 ..   The features listed below are not released yet, but will be part of the next release! 
 ..   To use the features already you have to use the ``master`` branch.
 
+* Update investment costs for methanol steam reforming
+
 `v0.14.0 <https://github.com/PyPSA/technology-data/releases/tag/v0.14.0>`__ (13th February 2026)
 ================================================================================================
 

inputs/manual_input.csv

@@ -242,7 +242,7 @@ Steam methane reforming,investment,2015,470085.47008547,EUR/MW_H2,2015,"Internat
 Steam methane reforming,lifetime,2015,30,years,2015,"International Energy Agency (2015): Technology Roadmap Hydrogen and Fuel Cells , table 15.",Large scale SMR facility (150-300 MW).
 Steam methane reforming,FOM,2015,3,%/year,2015,"International Energy Agency (2015): Technology Roadmap Hydrogen and Fuel Cells , table 15.",Large scale SMR facility (150-300 MW).
 Steam methane reforming,methane-input,0,1.483,MWh_CH4/MWh_H2,-,"Keipi et al (2018): Economic analysis of hydrogen production by methane thermal decomposition (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2017.12.063), table 2.","Large scale SMR plant producing 2.5 kg/s H2 output (assuming 33.3333 MWh/t H2 LHV), with 6.9 kg/s CH4 input (feedstock) and 2 kg/s CH4 input (energy). Neglecting water consumption."
-Methanol steam reforming,investment,2020,18016.8665097215,EUR/MW_H2,2020,"Niermann et al. (2021): Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers and alternatives for international transport of renewable hydrogen (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2020.110171), table 4.","For high temperature steam reforming plant with a capacity of 200 MW_H2 output (6t/h). Reference plant of 1 MW (30kg_H2/h) costs 150kEUR, scale factor of 0.6 assumed."
+Methanol steam reforming,investment,2035,120012,EUR/MW_H2,2024,"Carels et al. (2025): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.06.128, supplementary, table 7.","Considered technologies: Electrified steam methnaol reforming and autothermal methanol reforming; CAPEX: 4000 €(2024)/(kgH2/h); LHV (H2): 33.33 kWh/kg; Value is based on 2035"
 Methanol steam reforming,lifetime,2020,20,years,2020,"Niermann et al. (2021): Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers and alternatives for international transport of renewable hydrogen (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2020.110171), table 4.",
 Methanol steam reforming,FOM,2020,4,%/year,2020,"Niermann et al. (2021): Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers and alternatives for international transport of renewable hydrogen (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2020.110171), table 4.",
 Methanol steam reforming,methanol-input,0,1.201,MWh_MeOH/MWh_H2,-,"Niermann et al. (2021): Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers and alternatives for international transport of renewable hydrogen (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2020.110171), table 4.",Assuming per 1 t_H2 (with LHV 33.3333 MWh/t): 4.5 MWh_th and 3.2 MWh_el are required. We assume electricity can be substituted / provided with 1:1 as heat energy.

outputs/US/costs_2020.csv

@@ -1697,7 +1697,7 @@ MeOH transport ship,capacity,75000.0,t_MeOH,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOH
 MeOH transport ship,investment,44006711.0399,EUR,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0,,
 MeOH transport ship,lifetime,15.0,years,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0,,
 Methanol steam reforming,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Niermann et al. (2021): Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers and alternatives for international transport of renewable hydrogen (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2020.110171), table 4.",,2020.0,,
-Methanol steam reforming,investment,22653.2297,EUR/MW_H2,"Niermann et al. (2021): Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers and alternatives for international transport of renewable hydrogen (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2020.110171), table 4.","For high temperature steam reforming plant with a capacity of 200 MW_H2 output (6t/h). Reference plant of 1 MW (30kg_H2/h) costs 150kEUR, scale factor of 0.6 assumed.",2020.0,,
+Methanol steam reforming,investment,123012.3,EUR/MW_H2,"Carels et al. (2025): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.06.128, supplementary, table 7.",Considered technologies: Electrified steam methnaol reforming and autothermal methanol reforming; CAPEX: 4000 €(2024)/(kgH2/h); LHV (H2): 33.33 kWh/kg; Value is based on 2035,2024.0,,
 Methanol steam reforming,lifetime,20.0,years,"Niermann et al. (2021): Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers and alternatives for international transport of renewable hydrogen (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2020.110171), table 4.",,2020.0,,
 Methanol steam reforming,methanol-input,1.201,MWh_MeOH/MWh_H2,"Niermann et al. (2021): Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers and alternatives for international transport of renewable hydrogen (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2020.110171), table 4.",Assuming per 1 t_H2 (with LHV 33.3333 MWh/t): 4.5 MWh_th and 3.2 MWh_el are required. We assume electricity can be substituted / provided with 1:1 as heat energy.,,,
 Midsize DW - Class 1,CF,0.4558,per unit,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,Meaning of scenario and financial case: https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2024/definitions#scenarios,2020.0,Market,Advanced

outputs/US/costs_2025.csv

@@ -1733,7 +1733,7 @@ MeOH transport ship,capacity,75000.0,t_MeOH,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOH
 MeOH transport ship,investment,44006711.0399,EUR,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0,,
 MeOH transport ship,lifetime,15.0,years,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0,,
 Methanol steam reforming,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Niermann et al. (2021): Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers and alternatives for international transport of renewable hydrogen (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2020.110171), table 4.",,2020.0,,
-Methanol steam reforming,investment,22653.2297,EUR/MW_H2,"Niermann et al. (2021): Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers and alternatives for international transport of renewable hydrogen (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2020.110171), table 4.","For high temperature steam reforming plant with a capacity of 200 MW_H2 output (6t/h). Reference plant of 1 MW (30kg_H2/h) costs 150kEUR, scale factor of 0.6 assumed.",2020.0,,
+Methanol steam reforming,investment,123012.3,EUR/MW_H2,"Carels et al. (2025): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.06.128, supplementary, table 7.",Considered technologies: Electrified steam methnaol reforming and autothermal methanol reforming; CAPEX: 4000 €(2024)/(kgH2/h); LHV (H2): 33.33 kWh/kg; Value is based on 2035,2024.0,,
 Methanol steam reforming,lifetime,20.0,years,"Niermann et al. (2021): Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers and alternatives for international transport of renewable hydrogen (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2020.110171), table 4.",,2020.0,,
 Methanol steam reforming,methanol-input,1.201,MWh_MeOH/MWh_H2,"Niermann et al. (2021): Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers and alternatives for international transport of renewable hydrogen (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2020.110171), table 4.",Assuming per 1 t_H2 (with LHV 33.3333 MWh/t): 4.5 MWh_th and 3.2 MWh_el are required. We assume electricity can be substituted / provided with 1:1 as heat energy.,,,
 Midsize DW - Class 1,CF,0.4948,per unit,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,Meaning of scenario and financial case: https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2024/definitions#scenarios,2022.0,Market,Advanced

outputs/US/costs_2030.csv

@@ -1733,7 +1733,7 @@ MeOH transport ship,capacity,75000.0,t_MeOH,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOH
 MeOH transport ship,investment,44006711.0399,EUR,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0,,
 MeOH transport ship,lifetime,15.0,years,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0,,
 Methanol steam reforming,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Niermann et al. (2021): Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers and alternatives for international transport of renewable hydrogen (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2020.110171), table 4.",,2020.0,,
-Methanol steam reforming,investment,22653.2297,EUR/MW_H2,"Niermann et al. (2021): Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers and alternatives for international transport of renewable hydrogen (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2020.110171), table 4.","For high temperature steam reforming plant with a capacity of 200 MW_H2 output (6t/h). Reference plant of 1 MW (30kg_H2/h) costs 150kEUR, scale factor of 0.6 assumed.",2020.0,,
+Methanol steam reforming,investment,123012.3,EUR/MW_H2,"Carels et al. (2025): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.06.128, supplementary, table 7.",Considered technologies: Electrified steam methnaol reforming and autothermal methanol reforming; CAPEX: 4000 €(2024)/(kgH2/h); LHV (H2): 33.33 kWh/kg; Value is based on 2035,2024.0,,
 Methanol steam reforming,lifetime,20.0,years,"Niermann et al. (2021): Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers and alternatives for international transport of renewable hydrogen (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2020.110171), table 4.",,2020.0,,
 Methanol steam reforming,methanol-input,1.201,MWh_MeOH/MWh_H2,"Niermann et al. (2021): Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers and alternatives for international transport of renewable hydrogen (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2020.110171), table 4.",Assuming per 1 t_H2 (with LHV 33.3333 MWh/t): 4.5 MWh_th and 3.2 MWh_el are required. We assume electricity can be substituted / provided with 1:1 as heat energy.,,,
 Midsize DW - Class 1,CF,0.5838,per unit,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,Meaning of scenario and financial case: https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2024/definitions#scenarios,2022.0,Market,Advanced

outputs/US/costs_2035.csv

@@ -1733,7 +1733,7 @@ MeOH transport ship,capacity,75000.0,t_MeOH,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOH
 MeOH transport ship,investment,44006711.0399,EUR,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0,,
 MeOH transport ship,lifetime,15.0,years,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0,,
 Methanol steam reforming,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Niermann et al. (2021): Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers and alternatives for international transport of renewable hydrogen (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2020.110171), table 4.",,2020.0,,
-Methanol steam reforming,investment,22653.2297,EUR/MW_H2,"Niermann et al. (2021): Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers and alternatives for international transport of renewable hydrogen (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2020.110171), table 4.","For high temperature steam reforming plant with a capacity of 200 MW_H2 output (6t/h). Reference plant of 1 MW (30kg_H2/h) costs 150kEUR, scale factor of 0.6 assumed.",2020.0,,
+Methanol steam reforming,investment,123012.3,EUR/MW_H2,"Carels et al. (2025): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.06.128, supplementary, table 7.",Considered technologies: Electrified steam methnaol reforming and autothermal methanol reforming; CAPEX: 4000 €(2024)/(kgH2/h); LHV (H2): 33.33 kWh/kg; Value is based on 2035,2024.0,,
 Methanol steam reforming,lifetime,20.0,years,"Niermann et al. (2021): Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers and alternatives for international transport of renewable hydrogen (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2020.110171), table 4.",,2020.0,,
 Methanol steam reforming,methanol-input,1.201,MWh_MeOH/MWh_H2,"Niermann et al. (2021): Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers and alternatives for international transport of renewable hydrogen (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2020.110171), table 4.",Assuming per 1 t_H2 (with LHV 33.3333 MWh/t): 4.5 MWh_th and 3.2 MWh_el are required. We assume electricity can be substituted / provided with 1:1 as heat energy.,,,
 Midsize DW - Class 1,CF,0.5838,per unit,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,Meaning of scenario and financial case: https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2024/definitions#scenarios,2022.0,Market,Advanced

outputs/US/costs_2040.csv

@@ -1733,7 +1733,7 @@ MeOH transport ship,capacity,75000.0,t_MeOH,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOH
 MeOH transport ship,investment,44006711.0399,EUR,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0,,
 MeOH transport ship,lifetime,15.0,years,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0,,
 Methanol steam reforming,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Niermann et al. (2021): Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers and alternatives for international transport of renewable hydrogen (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2020.110171), table 4.",,2020.0,,
-Methanol steam reforming,investment,22653.2297,EUR/MW_H2,"Niermann et al. (2021): Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers and alternatives for international transport of renewable hydrogen (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2020.110171), table 4.","For high temperature steam reforming plant with a capacity of 200 MW_H2 output (6t/h). Reference plant of 1 MW (30kg_H2/h) costs 150kEUR, scale factor of 0.6 assumed.",2020.0,,
+Methanol steam reforming,investment,123012.3,EUR/MW_H2,"Carels et al. (2025): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.06.128, supplementary, table 7.",Considered technologies: Electrified steam methnaol reforming and autothermal methanol reforming; CAPEX: 4000 €(2024)/(kgH2/h); LHV (H2): 33.33 kWh/kg; Value is based on 2035,2024.0,,
 Methanol steam reforming,lifetime,20.0,years,"Niermann et al. (2021): Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers and alternatives for international transport of renewable hydrogen (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2020.110171), table 4.",,2020.0,,
 Methanol steam reforming,methanol-input,1.201,MWh_MeOH/MWh_H2,"Niermann et al. (2021): Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers and alternatives for international transport of renewable hydrogen (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2020.110171), table 4.",Assuming per 1 t_H2 (with LHV 33.3333 MWh/t): 4.5 MWh_th and 3.2 MWh_el are required. We assume electricity can be substituted / provided with 1:1 as heat energy.,,,
 Midsize DW - Class 1,CF,0.5838,per unit,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,Meaning of scenario and financial case: https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2024/definitions#scenarios,2022.0,Market,Advanced

outputs/US/costs_2045.csv

@@ -1733,7 +1733,7 @@ MeOH transport ship,capacity,75000.0,t_MeOH,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOH
 MeOH transport ship,investment,44006711.0399,EUR,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0,,
 MeOH transport ship,lifetime,15.0,years,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0,,
 Methanol steam reforming,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Niermann et al. (2021): Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers and alternatives for international transport of renewable hydrogen (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2020.110171), table 4.",,2020.0,,
-Methanol steam reforming,investment,22653.2297,EUR/MW_H2,"Niermann et al. (2021): Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers and alternatives for international transport of renewable hydrogen (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2020.110171), table 4.","For high temperature steam reforming plant with a capacity of 200 MW_H2 output (6t/h). Reference plant of 1 MW (30kg_H2/h) costs 150kEUR, scale factor of 0.6 assumed.",2020.0,,
+Methanol steam reforming,investment,123012.3,EUR/MW_H2,"Carels et al. (2025): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.06.128, supplementary, table 7.",Considered technologies: Electrified steam methnaol reforming and autothermal methanol reforming; CAPEX: 4000 €(2024)/(kgH2/h); LHV (H2): 33.33 kWh/kg; Value is based on 2035,2024.0,,
 Methanol steam reforming,lifetime,20.0,years,"Niermann et al. (2021): Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers and alternatives for international transport of renewable hydrogen (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2020.110171), table 4.",,2020.0,,
 Methanol steam reforming,methanol-input,1.201,MWh_MeOH/MWh_H2,"Niermann et al. (2021): Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers and alternatives for international transport of renewable hydrogen (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2020.110171), table 4.",Assuming per 1 t_H2 (with LHV 33.3333 MWh/t): 4.5 MWh_th and 3.2 MWh_el are required. We assume electricity can be substituted / provided with 1:1 as heat energy.,,,
 Midsize DW - Class 1,CF,0.5838,per unit,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,Meaning of scenario and financial case: https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2024/definitions#scenarios,2022.0,Market,Advanced

outputs/US/costs_2050.csv

@@ -1733,7 +1733,7 @@ MeOH transport ship,capacity,75000.0,t_MeOH,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOH
 MeOH transport ship,investment,44006711.0399,EUR,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0,,
 MeOH transport ship,lifetime,15.0,years,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",,2020.0,,
 Methanol steam reforming,FOM,4.0,%/year,"Niermann et al. (2021): Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers and alternatives for international transport of renewable hydrogen (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2020.110171), table 4.",,2020.0,,
-Methanol steam reforming,investment,22653.2297,EUR/MW_H2,"Niermann et al. (2021): Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers and alternatives for international transport of renewable hydrogen (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2020.110171), table 4.","For high temperature steam reforming plant with a capacity of 200 MW_H2 output (6t/h). Reference plant of 1 MW (30kg_H2/h) costs 150kEUR, scale factor of 0.6 assumed.",2020.0,,
+Methanol steam reforming,investment,123012.3,EUR/MW_H2,"Carels et al. (2025): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.06.128, supplementary, table 7.",Considered technologies: Electrified steam methnaol reforming and autothermal methanol reforming; CAPEX: 4000 €(2024)/(kgH2/h); LHV (H2): 33.33 kWh/kg; Value is based on 2035,2024.0,,
 Methanol steam reforming,lifetime,20.0,years,"Niermann et al. (2021): Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers and alternatives for international transport of renewable hydrogen (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2020.110171), table 4.",,2020.0,,
 Methanol steam reforming,methanol-input,1.201,MWh_MeOH/MWh_H2,"Niermann et al. (2021): Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers and alternatives for international transport of renewable hydrogen (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2020.110171), table 4.",Assuming per 1 t_H2 (with LHV 33.3333 MWh/t): 4.5 MWh_th and 3.2 MWh_el are required. We assume electricity can be substituted / provided with 1:1 as heat energy.,,,
 Midsize DW - Class 1,CF,0.5838,per unit,NREL/ATB-https://data.openei.org/s3_viewer?bucket=oedi-data-lake&prefix=ATB%2Felectricity%2Fcsv%2F2022%2F,Meaning of scenario and financial case: https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2024/definitions#scenarios,2022.0,Market,Advanced