feat: improve security by not returning uncaught exceptions to end-users

[StijnCaerts]

Description:
By having an exception handler for the Python base Exception, all uncaught exception messages will be returned to the end-user. For security purposes, it is better to show a generic error message for uncaught exceptions as these might contain sensitive information. On the other hand, error handling for validating and processing user input can be improved in the application itself, eg. by explicitly raising an HTTPException with code 400 when parsing of a filter string fails.

This PR proposes to remove the exception handler for the Exception type, as a result end-users will get a generic HTTP 500 response without detail of the underlying exception raised.

PR Checklist:

• pre-commit hooks pass locally
• Tests pass (run make test)
• Documentation has been updated to reflect changes, if applicable, and docs build successfully (run make docs)
• Changes are added to the CHANGELOG.